EP1955338B1 - Electromagnetic actuator with two electromagnets comprising magnets having different forces and method of controlling an internal combustion engine valve using same - Google Patents

Electromagnetic actuator with two electromagnets comprising magnets having different forces and method of controlling an internal combustion engine valve using same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1955338B1
EP1955338B1 EP06841832.6A EP06841832A EP1955338B1 EP 1955338 B1 EP1955338 B1 EP 1955338B1 EP 06841832 A EP06841832 A EP 06841832A EP 1955338 B1 EP1955338 B1 EP 1955338B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
armature
core
magnets
electromagnets
pallet
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP06841832.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1955338A1 (en
Inventor
Mahmoud Sfaxi
Emmanuel Talon
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Valeo Systemes de Controle Moteur SAS
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Valeo Systemes de Controle Moteur SAS
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Publication of EP1955338A1 publication Critical patent/EP1955338A1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F7/1638—Armatures not entering the winding
    • H01F7/1646—Armatures or stationary parts of magnetic circuit having permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/121—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position
    • H01F7/122—Guiding or setting position of armatures, e.g. retaining armatures in their end position by permanent magnets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L9/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically
    • F01L9/20—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means
    • F01L9/21—Valve-gear or valve arrangements actuated non-mechanically by electric means actuated by solenoids
    • F01L2009/2146—Latching means
    • F01L2009/2148—Latching means using permanent magnet
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00—Magnets
    • H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
    • H01F7/16—Rectilinearly-movable armatures
    • H01F2007/1692—Electromagnets or actuators with two coils

Definitions

  • An electromagnetic actuator with two electromagnets having magnets of differentiated forces and a method of managing an internal combustion engine valve applying.
  • Electromagnetic actuators having an actuating member associated with a pallet movable between two extreme positions under the action of two electromagnets each comprising a coil and a core adapted to channel a stream of the coil so that it closes in the palette.
  • Such an actuator is for example used to actuate an internal combustion engine valve, the actuator being arranged so that the pusher extends along the sliding axis of the valve.
  • the actuators are powered to selectively attract the pallet.
  • the end of the pusher and the end of the valve are biased towards each other by counter-springs defining an equilibrium position of the pusher / valve assembly substantially midway between the two electromagnets.
  • the extreme positions of the pallet are defined by the stop of the pallet against the electromagnets and correspond respectively to a closed position and an open position of the valve.
  • Each of the electromagnets has permanent magnets that are integrated into the core so that the core channels a flux of permanent magnets so that it closes in the pallet. Permanent magnets are used to hold the pallet in abutment against the corresponding core against the springs, in the absence of supply of the corresponding coil.
  • the maintenance of the pallet against the corresponding core is provided without feeding the coil.
  • the subject of the invention is an electromagnetic actuator which does not allow the uncontrolled maintenance of the valve in the open position, while reducing the magnetic imbalance.
  • an electromagnetic actuator comprising an actuating member associated with a pallet and movable between two extreme positions under the action of an elastic member and two electromagnets adapted to this purpose is proposed according to claim 1.
  • the permanent magnet or magnets of one of the electromagnets are adapted to exert on the pallet a sufficient force to hold the pallet against the associated core against the elastic member, while the permanent magnet or magnets of the other electromagnets are adapted to exert on the pallet insufficient force to hold the pallet against the associated core against the elastic member.
  • that of the electromagnets which is adapted to retain the pallet comprises permanent magnets arranged in a V in a central branch of the associated core around which the associated coil extends, while the other electromagnet comprises a permanent magnet arranged flat parallel to the pallet in a central branch of the associated core around which the associated coil extends, and in each of the electromagnets, the central branch of the core has an end face which extends with a withdrawal relative to the faces end of other branches of the nucleus.
  • the electromagnetic actuator of the invention comprises an upper electromagnet 1 with a core 2 and a coil 3.
  • the electromagnet 1 exerts an electromagnetic force in a controlled manner on a pallet 4 integral with a movable pusher 5 along the X axis .
  • Such an actuator is for example used to actuate a valve 200 of an internal combustion engine, the actuator being arranged so that the pusher 5 extends along the sliding axis of the valve.
  • the actuator comprises another electromagnet 101 which extends opposite the electromagnet 1 to selectively attract the pallet 4 in the other direction.
  • the end of the pusher 5 and the end of the valve 200 are biased towards each other by counter-springs 201 defining an equilibrium position of the pusher / valve assembly substantially midway between the two electromagnets. .
  • the pallet 4 is movable between two extreme positions defined by the stop of the pallet against the cores 2 and 102 respectively. These extreme positions correspond respectively to a closed position and to an open position of the valve 200.
  • the core 2 of the electromagnet 1 comprises a base 10 of which extends two lateral branches 11 and a central branch around which the coil 3 extends.
  • the central branch comprises two portions 12 with faces facing downwards. which are integral with the base 10.
  • the portions 12 form a support part core 2 adapted to receive permanent magnets 13 so that they extend obliquely relative to the axis X and form a V whose tip is here turned towards the base 10. In the V thus formed extends a wedge 14 forming an end portion of the central branch.
  • the path of the fluxes generated by the permanent magnets 13 which transit in the core 2 to close in the pallet 4 is drawn in thick dashed lines on the figure 1 .
  • the wedge 14 has an end face 15 on which a groove 17 extends parallel to the permanent magnets 13.
  • the groove 17 provides a clear separation of the respective flows of the two permanent magnets 13 which pass on either side of the groove 17.
  • the actuator includes a lower electromagnet 101 having a core 102 and a coil 103 extending about a central branch of the core extending from a base 110 thereof.
  • Core 102 also has side branches 111.
  • the flat arrangement of the permanent magnet 113 in the lower electromagnet gives it a length less than the cumulative length of the permanent magnets 13 V of the upper electromagnet, so that the permanent magnet flat 113 can not exert on the pallet 4, when it is in abutment against the lower electromagnet 101, a lower force than that exerted by the permanent magnets V 13 when the pallet 4 is in abutment against the upper electromagnet 1.
  • the magnets are chosen so that the permanent magnets V 13 are able to hold alone the pallet 4 abutting against the upper electromagnet 1, against the springs 201, while the flat permanent magnet 113 is unable to retain alone pallet 4 abutting against the lower electromagnet 101 to against the springs 201.
  • the pallet 4 can be held against the upper electromagnet 1 without the coil 3 is energized, which contributes to reducing the consumption of the actuator.
  • the pallet 4 is necessary to feed the coil 103 so that it generates a flow complementary to the flow of the permanent magnet flat 113.
  • the pallet 4 is not retained so that the valve does not remain locked in the open position.
  • the actuator will be dimensioned so that this complement of flux remains small compared to the flow of the permanent flat magnet 113, and is of the same order of magnitude as the adverse flow that the coil 3 must generate to counter the flow of the V-shaped permanent magnets 13 when the pallet 4 must take off from the upper electromagnet 1.
  • the end face 15 of the wedge 14 extends with a recess h with respect to the end faces 16 of the side branches 11.
  • the pallet 4 when the pallet 4 abuts against the core 2, it only abuts on the end faces 16 of the lateral branches 11, and not on the central branch.
  • the permanent magnets are very sensitive to shocks. Withdrawal h allows subtract the permanent magnets in V 13 to the shocks of the pallet 2 against the core 4, which increases the life of the actuator.
  • a shrinkage h preferably of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter is preferably chosen, and therefore much larger than the air gaps which are of the order of a few tens of micrometers, so that shrinkage h forms between the pallet and the central branch a large gap whose influence is preponderant on that of residual air gaps when the pallet is close to the core, which allows to reduce or eliminate the effects of magnetic hysteresis caused by residual air gaps.
  • a shrinkage h greater than 0.1 millimeters will preferably be chosen, while remaining less than 0.35 millimeters, so as not to penalize the performance of the actuator.
  • the end face 115 of the central branch of the core 102 extends with a recess h with respect to the end faces 116 of the side branches 111.
  • the end face 115 of the central branch of the lower core is constituted by one of the faces of the permanent magnet 113 which is disposed at the end of the central branch.
  • the disposition of the permanent magnet 113 at the branch end is particularly advantageous since the end fluxes 150 generated by the magnet permanent 113 can thus loop at least partially in the pallet 4 when it is close to the lower electromagnet 101, as can be seen immediately on the figure 2 .
  • the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet 113 when the pallet is in abutment against the core 102 of the lower electromagnet 101 is slightly larger than the force generated by the magnet 113 'under the same conditions.
  • the permanent magnet 113 is thus slightly more efficient.
  • the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet 113 when the pallet 4 moves away from the core 102 of the lower electromagnet 101 decreases less rapidly than the force generated by the magnet 113 'under the same conditions, which allows to better retain the pallet 4 when leaving the lower electromagnet 102 and contributes even more to make the behavior of the actuator less unbalanced.
  • the surface 115 of the permanent magnet 113 facing the pallet 4 it will be advantageous to maximize the surface 115 of the permanent magnet 113 facing the pallet 4, to avoid any concentration of flux that would induce too much retaining force.
  • this surface should not be reduced because, for example, of the installation of a flange for holding the permanent magnet 113 on one core 102.
  • the permanent magnet 113 can then be directly bonded 113 on the end of the central branch, leaving the end surface 115 completely free.
  • actuators whose permanent magnets form a V whose tip is turned towards the base of the core
  • the support portions of the magnets secured to the base comprise inclined faces that are no longer facing, but which are turned towards the lateral branches, while the end portion of the central branch will no longer have a wedge shape, but a form of hat.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un actionneur électromagnétique avec deux électroaimants comportant des aimants de forces différenciées, ainsi qu'un procédé de gestion d'une soupape de moteur à combustion interne faisant application.An electromagnetic actuator with two electromagnets having magnets of differentiated forces, and a method of managing an internal combustion engine valve applying.

ARRIERE-PLAN DE L'INVENTIONBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

On connaît des actionneurs électromagnétiques comportant un organe d'actionnement associé à une palette mobile entre deux positions extrêmes sous l'action de deux électroaimants comportant chacun une bobine et un noyau adapté à canaliser un flux de la bobine pour qu'il se referme dans la palette.Electromagnetic actuators are known having an actuating member associated with a pallet movable between two extreme positions under the action of two electromagnets each comprising a coil and a core adapted to channel a stream of the coil so that it closes in the palette.

Un tel actionneur est par exemple utilisé pour actionner une soupape de moteur à combustion interne l'actionneur étant disposé de sorte que le poussoir s'étende selon l'axe de coulissement de la soupape. Les actionneurs sont alimentés pour attirer sélectivement la palette. L'extrémité du poussoir et l'extrémité de la soupape sont rappelées l'une vers l'autre par des ressorts antagonistes définissant une position d'équilibre de l'ensemble poussoir/soupape sensiblement à mi-chemin entre les deux électroaimants. Les positions extrêmes de la palette sont définies par la butée de la palette contre les électroaimants et correspondent respectivement à une position fermée et une position ouverte de la soupape.Such an actuator is for example used to actuate an internal combustion engine valve, the actuator being arranged so that the pusher extends along the sliding axis of the valve. The actuators are powered to selectively attract the pallet. The end of the pusher and the end of the valve are biased towards each other by counter-springs defining an equilibrium position of the pusher / valve assembly substantially midway between the two electromagnets. The extreme positions of the pallet are defined by the stop of the pallet against the electromagnets and correspond respectively to a closed position and an open position of the valve.

Chacun des électroaimants comporte des aimants permanents qui sont intégrés au noyau de sorte que ce dernier canalise un flux des aimants permanents pour qu'il se referme dans la palette. Les aimants permanents servent à retenir la palette en butée contre le noyau correspondant à l'encontre des ressorts, en l'absence d'alimentation de la bobine correspondante.Each of the electromagnets has permanent magnets that are integrated into the core so that the core channels a flux of permanent magnets so that it closes in the pallet. Permanent magnets are used to hold the pallet in abutment against the corresponding core against the springs, in the absence of supply of the corresponding coil.

Cependant, en cas de défaillance de la bobine de l'électroaimant rappelant la palette vers la position extrême correspondant à la position ouverte de la soupape alors que là palette est maintenue contre cet électroaimant par les aimants permanents associés, il est alors impossible de faire décoller la palette du noyau et donc de déloger la soupape de la position ouverte.However, in case of failure of the coil of the electromagnet reminding the pallet to the extreme position corresponding to the open position of the valve while the pallet is held against the electromagnet by the associated permanent magnets, it is then impossible to take off the core pallet and thus dislodge the valve from the open position.

Le blocage d'une soupape en position ouverte est gênant car lorsque l'autre soupape du même cylindre s'ouvre, elle met en court-circuit le circuit d'admission et le circuit d'échappement du moteur, ce qui empêche le moteur de fonctionner.The blocking of a valve in the open position is inconvenient because when the other valve of the same cylinder opens, it short-circuits the intake circuit and the exhaust system of the engine, which prevents the engine from function.

Par contre, le blocage d'une soupape en position fermée ne provoque pas un tel court-circuit, et le moteur peut continuer à fonctionner sur les autres cylindres.On the other hand, blocking a valve in the closed position does not cause such a short circuit, and the engine can continue to operate on the other cylinders.

On a pensé à utiliser pour l'électroaimant correspondant à la position ouverte un électroaimant dépourvus d'aimants permanents, afin d'interdire tout blocage de la palette dans la position extrême correspondant à la position ouverte de la soupape. Cependant, une telle disposition conduit à un actionneur déséquilibré, difficile à régler.It has been thought to use for the electromagnet corresponding to the open position an electromagnet devoid of permanent magnets, to prevent any blockage of the pallet in the extreme position corresponding to the open position of the valve. However, such an arrangement leads to an unbalanced actuator, difficult to adjust.

En effet, pour celui des électroaimants qui comporte des aimants permanents, le maintien de la palette contre le noyau correspondant est assuré sans alimentation de la bobine.Indeed, for the electromagnets which has permanent magnets, the maintenance of the pallet against the corresponding core is provided without feeding the coil.

Au contraire, pour celui des électroaimants qui ne comporte pas d'aimants permanents, le maintien de la palette contre le noyau nécessite d'alimenter la bobine pour qu'elle génère un flux équivalent aux aimants de l'autre électroaimant, c'est-à-dire un flux important.On the contrary, for electromagnets that do not have permanent magnets, maintaining the pallet against the core requires feeding the coil so that it generates a flux equivalent to the magnets of the other electromagnet, that is, to say a big flow.

La dissymétrie des flux lors des maintiens donne lieu à des difficultés de réglage.The dissymmetry of the flows during the postures gives place to adjustment difficulties.

On a également pensé à décaler l'organe élastique de sorte que celui-ci exerce une force plus importante lorsque la soupape est dans la position ouverte que lorsque la soupape est dans la position fermée. Cependant, ce décalage donne lieu à des chocs sévères de la palette contre l'un des électroaimants, ce qui n'est pas acceptable.It has also been thought to shift the elastic member so that it exerts a greater force when the valve is in the open position than when the valve is in the closed position. However, this shift gives rise to severe shocks of the pallet against one of the electromagnets, which is not acceptable.

Le documents US 2005/166873 Al , qui est considéré comme l'état de la technique le plus proche, divulgue un actionneur selon le préambule de la revendication 1.The documents US 2005/166873 Al , which is considered to be the closest state of the art, discloses an actuator according to the preamble of claim 1.

OBJET DE L'INVENTIONOBJECT OF THE INVENTION

L'invention a pour objet un actionneur électromagnétique ne permettant pas le maintien non commandé de la soupape en position ouverte, tout en réduisant le déséquilibre magnétique.The subject of the invention is an electromagnetic actuator which does not allow the uncontrolled maintenance of the valve in the open position, while reducing the magnetic imbalance.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DE L'INVENTIONBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

En vue de la réalisation de ce but, on propose selon la revendication 1 un actionneur électromagnétique comportant un organe d'actionnement associé à une palette et mobile entre deux positions extrêmes sous l'action d'un organe élastique et de deux électroaimants qui sont adaptés à attirer la palette respectivement vers l'une des positions extrêmes et qui comportent chacun une bobine, un noyau adapté à canaliser un flux de la bobine pour qu'il se referme dans la palette; et un ou plusieurs aimants permanents qui sont associés au noyau de sorte que ce dernier canalise un flux des aimants permanents pour qu'il se referme dans la palette. Le ou les aimants permanents de l'un des électroaimants sont adaptés à exercer sur la palette une force suffisante pour retenir la palette contre le noyau associé à l'encontre de l'organe élastique, tandis que le ou les aimants permanents de l'autre des électroaimants sont adaptés à exercer sur la palette une force insuffisante pour retenir la palette contre le noyau associé à l'encontre de l'organe élastique.With a view to achieving this object, an electromagnetic actuator comprising an actuating member associated with a pallet and movable between two extreme positions under the action of an elastic member and two electromagnets adapted to this purpose is proposed according to claim 1. attracting the pallet respectively to one of the extreme positions and each comprising a coil, a core adapted to channel a stream of the coil so that it closes in the pallet; and one or more permanent magnets that are associated with the core so that the core channels a stream of permanent magnets to close in the pallet. The permanent magnet or magnets of one of the electromagnets are adapted to exert on the pallet a sufficient force to hold the pallet against the associated core against the elastic member, while the permanent magnet or magnets of the other electromagnets are adapted to exert on the pallet insufficient force to hold the pallet against the associated core against the elastic member.

Selon l'invention, celui des électroaimants qui est adapté à retenir la palette comporte des aimants permanents disposés en V dans une branche centrale du noyau associé autour de laquelle la bobine associée s'étend, tandis que l'autre électroaimant comporte un aimant permanent disposé à plat parallèlement à la palette dans une branche centrale du noyau associé autour de laquelle la bobine associée s'étend, et dans chacun des électroaimants, la branche centrale du noyau comporte une face d'extrémité qui s'étend avec un retrait par rapport à des faces d'extrémité d'autres branches du noyau.According to the invention, that of the electromagnets which is adapted to retain the pallet comprises permanent magnets arranged in a V in a central branch of the associated core around which the associated coil extends, while the other electromagnet comprises a permanent magnet arranged flat parallel to the pallet in a central branch of the associated core around which the associated coil extends, and in each of the electromagnets, the central branch of the core has an end face which extends with a withdrawal relative to the faces end of other branches of the nucleus.

Ainsi, en disposant les électroaimants de sorte que l'électroaimant dont les aimants permanents sont de force inférieure correspond à la position ouverte de la soupape, le maintien de la soupape en position ouverte n'est possible uniquement que si la bobine concernée est alimentée pour apporter aux aimants le complément de flux nécessaire à la retenue de la palette. En cas de défaillance de la bobine, alors que la palette est en butée contre le noyau, les aimants permanents n'ont pas la force de retenir la palette à l'encontre des ressorts de rappel de sorte que la palette décolle d'elle-même et la soupape se dirige vers la position fermée.So by arranging the electromagnets so that the electromagnet whose permanent magnets are of lower force corresponds to the open position of the valve, keeping the valve in the open position is only possible if the coil concerned is fed to bring to the magnets the additional flow required to retain the pallet. In case of coil failure, while the pallet is in abutment with the core, the permanent magnets do not have the force to hold the pallet against the return springs so that the pallet takes off from it. same and the valve is moving towards the closed position.

Il est ainsi impossible que la soupape se bloque en position ouverte.It is thus impossible for the valve to lock in the open position.

La présence de l'aimant permanent de force inférieure tend à rééquilibrer l'action dissymétrique des deux électroaimants, de sorte que l'actionneur est bien plus facile à régler. En effet, pour celui des électroaimants qui comporte les aimants de force inférieure, le maintien de la palette ne nécessite qu'un petit complément de flux. Ce complément de flux est bien plus faible que le flux qui aurait été nécessaire en l'absence d'aimant pour retenir la palette.The presence of the permanent magnet of lower force tends to rebalance the asymmetrical action of the two electromagnets, so that the actuator is much easier to adjust. Indeed, for that of the electromagnets which includes the lower force magnets, the maintenance of the pallet requires only a small complement of flow. This additional flow is much lower than the flux that would have been necessary in the absence of magnet to hold the pallet.

On propose également selon la revendication 3 un procédé de gestion d'une soupape de moteur à combustion interne faisant application d'un tel actionneur.It is also proposed according to claim 3 a method for managing an internal combustion engine valve applying such an actuator.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES DESSINSBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lumière de la description qui suit en référence aux figures des dessins annexés parmi lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 est une vue en coupe schématique partielle d'un actionneur selon l'invention;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de face schématique de l'électroaimant inférieur équipant l'actionneur de la figure 1;
  • la figure 3 est une vue analogue à la figure 2 d'une variante de réalisation;
  • la figure 4 est un graphe comparant la force magnétique développée par les aimants permanents équipant les électroaimants inférieurs illustrés aux figures 2 et 3 en fonction de l'éloignement de la palette par rapport à l'électroaimant inférieur;
  • la figure 5 est un vue de face partielle du noyau d'un électroaimant inférieur équipant un actionneur selon un mode particulier de réalisation de l'invention.
The invention will be better understood in the light of the description which follows with reference to the figures of the appended drawings in which:
  • the figure 1 is a partial schematic sectional view of an actuator according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is a schematic front view of the lower electromagnet equipping the actuator of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is a view similar to the figure 2 an alternative embodiment;
  • the figure 4 is a graph comparing the magnetic force developed by the permanent magnets equipping the lower electromagnets illustrated in FIGS. Figures 2 and 3 depending on the distance of the pallet from the lower electromagnet;
  • the figure 5 is a partial front view of the core of a lower electromagnet equipping an actuator according to a particular embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE DE L'INVENTIONDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

En référence à la figure 1, l'actionneur électromagnétique de l'invention comporte un électroaimant 1 supérieur avec un noyau 2 et une bobine 3. L'électroaimant 1 exerce de façon commandée un effort électromagnétique sur une palette 4 solidaire d'un poussoir 5 mobile selon l'axe X.With reference to the figure 1 , the electromagnetic actuator of the invention comprises an upper electromagnet 1 with a core 2 and a coil 3. The electromagnet 1 exerts an electromagnetic force in a controlled manner on a pallet 4 integral with a movable pusher 5 along the X axis .

Un tel actionneur est par exemple utilisé pour actionner une soupape 200 de moteur à combustion interne l'actionneur étant disposé de sorte que la poussoir 5 s'étende selon l'axe de coulissement de la soupape. L'actionneur comporte un autre électroaimant 101 qui s'étend en regard de l'électroaimant 1 pour attirer sélectivement la palette 4 dans l'autre sens. L'extrémité du poussoir 5 et l'extrémité de la soupape 200 sont rappelées l'une vers l'autre par des ressorts antagonistes 201 définissant une position d'équilibre de l'ensemble poussoir/soupape sensiblement à mi-chemin entre les deux électroaimants.Such an actuator is for example used to actuate a valve 200 of an internal combustion engine, the actuator being arranged so that the pusher 5 extends along the sliding axis of the valve. The actuator comprises another electromagnet 101 which extends opposite the electromagnet 1 to selectively attract the pallet 4 in the other direction. The end of the pusher 5 and the end of the valve 200 are biased towards each other by counter-springs 201 defining an equilibrium position of the pusher / valve assembly substantially midway between the two electromagnets. .

La palette 4 est mobile entre deux positions extrêmes définies par la butée de la palette contre les noyaux 2 et 102 respectivement. Ces positions extrêmes correspondent respectivement à une position fermée et à une position ouverte de la soupape 200.The pallet 4 is movable between two extreme positions defined by the stop of the pallet against the cores 2 and 102 respectively. These extreme positions correspond respectively to a closed position and to an open position of the valve 200.

Le noyau 2 de l'électroaimant 1 comporte une base 10 de laquelle s'étend deux branches latérales 11 ainsi qu'une branche centrale autour de laquelle s'étend la bobine 3. La branche centrale comporte deux portions 12 avec des faces inclinées en regard qui sont solidaires de la base 10. Les portions 12 forment une partie de support du noyau 2 adaptée à recevoir des aimants permanents 13 de sorte que ceux-ci s'étendent obliquement par rapport à l'axe X et forment un V dont la pointe est ici tournée vers la base 10. Dans le V ainsi formé s'étend un coin 14 formant une partie d'extrémité de la branche centrale.The core 2 of the electromagnet 1 comprises a base 10 of which extends two lateral branches 11 and a central branch around which the coil 3 extends. The central branch comprises two portions 12 with faces facing downwards. which are integral with the base 10. The portions 12 form a support part core 2 adapted to receive permanent magnets 13 so that they extend obliquely relative to the axis X and form a V whose tip is here turned towards the base 10. In the V thus formed extends a wedge 14 forming an end portion of the central branch.

Le trajet des flux générés par les aimants permanents 13 qui transitent dans le noyau 2 pour se refermer dans la palette 4 est tracé en traits pointillés épais sur la figure 1. Le coin 14 comporte une face d'extrémité 15 sur laquelle une rainure 17 s'étend parallèlement aux aimants permanents 13. La rainure 17 assure une nette séparation des flux respectifs des deux aimants permanents 13 qui passent de part et d'autre de la rainure 17.The path of the fluxes generated by the permanent magnets 13 which transit in the core 2 to close in the pallet 4 is drawn in thick dashed lines on the figure 1 . The wedge 14 has an end face 15 on which a groove 17 extends parallel to the permanent magnets 13. The groove 17 provides a clear separation of the respective flows of the two permanent magnets 13 which pass on either side of the groove 17.

L'actionneur comporte un électroaimant inférieur 101 qui comporte un noyau 102 et une bobine 103 s'étendant autour d'une branche centrale du noyau s'étendant d'une base 110 de celui-ci. Le noyau 102 comporte également des branches latérales 111.The actuator includes a lower electromagnet 101 having a core 102 and a coil 103 extending about a central branch of the core extending from a base 110 thereof. Core 102 also has side branches 111.

A l'extrémité de la branche centrale s'étend un aimant permanent 113 (traversé par le poussoir 5).At the end of the central branch extends a permanent magnet 113 (crossed by the pusher 5).

La disposition à plat de l'aimant permanent 113 dans l'électroaimant inférieur lui confère une longueur inférieure à la longueur cumulée des aimants permanents 13 en V de l'électroaimant supérieur, de sorte que l'aimant permanent à plat 113 ne peut exercer sur la palette 4, lorsque celle-ci est en butée contre l'électroaimant inférieur 101, qu'une force inférieure à celle qu'exercent les aimants permanents en V 13 lorsque la palette 4 est en butée contre l'électroaimant supérieur 1.The flat arrangement of the permanent magnet 113 in the lower electromagnet gives it a length less than the cumulative length of the permanent magnets 13 V of the upper electromagnet, so that the permanent magnet flat 113 can not exert on the pallet 4, when it is in abutment against the lower electromagnet 101, a lower force than that exerted by the permanent magnets V 13 when the pallet 4 is in abutment against the upper electromagnet 1.

Les aimants sont choisis de sorte que les aimants permanents en V 13 soient capables de retenir à eux seuls la palette 4 en butée contre l'électroaimant supérieur 1, à l'encontre des ressorts 201, tandis que l'aimant permanent à plat 113 est incapable de retenir à lui seul la palette 4 en butée contre l'électroaimant inférieur 101 à l'encontre des ressorts 201.The magnets are chosen so that the permanent magnets V 13 are able to hold alone the pallet 4 abutting against the upper electromagnet 1, against the springs 201, while the flat permanent magnet 113 is unable to retain alone pallet 4 abutting against the lower electromagnet 101 to against the springs 201.

Ainsi, la palette 4 peut être retenue contre l'électroaimant supérieur 1 sans que la bobine 3 soit alimentée, ce qui contribue à diminuer la consommation de l'actionneur. Par contre, pour retenir la palette 4 en butée contre l'électroaimant inférieur, il convient d'alimenter la bobine 103 de sorte que celle-ci génère un flux complémentaire au flux de l'aimant permanent à plat 113. En cas de défaillance de la bobine 103 alors que la palette 4 est en butée contre l'électroaimant inférieur 101, la palette 4 n'est pas retenue de sorte que la soupape ne reste pas bloquée en position ouverte.Thus, the pallet 4 can be held against the upper electromagnet 1 without the coil 3 is energized, which contributes to reducing the consumption of the actuator. By cons, to retain the pallet 4 abutting against the lower electromagnet, it is necessary to feed the coil 103 so that it generates a flow complementary to the flow of the permanent magnet flat 113. In case of failure of the coil 103 while the pallet 4 is in abutment against the lower electromagnet 101, the pallet 4 is not retained so that the valve does not remain locked in the open position.

En pratique, on dimensionnera l'actionneur de sorte que ce complément de flux reste petit par rapport au flux de l'aimant permanent à plat 113, et soit du même ordre de grandeur que le flux adverse que la bobine 3 doit générer pour contrer la flux des aimants permanents en V 13 lorsque la palette 4 doit décoller de l'électroaimant supérieur 1.In practice, the actuator will be dimensioned so that this complement of flux remains small compared to the flow of the permanent flat magnet 113, and is of the same order of magnitude as the adverse flow that the coil 3 must generate to counter the flow of the V-shaped permanent magnets 13 when the pallet 4 must take off from the upper electromagnet 1.

Ainsi, bien qu'en raison même de la différence d'intensité des flux des aimants permanents équipant les deux électroaimants, le comportement dynamique de l'actionneur est déséquilibré, ce déséquilibre reste dans des limites permettant un réglage aisé de l'actionneur.Thus, although because of the difference in intensity of the fluxes of the permanent magnets equipping the two electromagnets, the dynamic behavior of the actuator is unbalanced, this imbalance remains within limits allowing easy adjustment of the actuator.

Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, la face d'extrémité 15 du coin 14 s'étend avec un retrait h par rapport aux faces d'extrémité 16 des branches latérales 11.According to a particular aspect of the invention, the end face 15 of the wedge 14 extends with a recess h with respect to the end faces 16 of the side branches 11.

Ainsi, lorsque la palette 4 vient en butée contre le noyau 2, celle-ci ne bute que sur les faces d'extrémité 16 des branches latérales 11, et non sur la branche centrale. De façon générale, et plus particulièrement lorsque les aimants permanents sont réalisés par agglomération de matériaux en poudre, les aimants permanents sont très sensibles aux chocs. Le retrait h permet de soustraire les aimants permanents en V 13 aux chocs de la palette 2 contre le noyau 4, ce qui augmente la durée de vie de l'actionneur.Thus, when the pallet 4 abuts against the core 2, it only abuts on the end faces 16 of the lateral branches 11, and not on the central branch. In general, and more particularly when the permanent magnets are made by agglomeration of powder materials, the permanent magnets are very sensitive to shocks. Withdrawal h allows subtract the permanent magnets in V 13 to the shocks of the pallet 2 against the core 4, which increases the life of the actuator.

En outre, en l'absence d'un tel retrait, les tolérances de fabrication du noyau donneraient lieu à des entrefers résiduels entre la palette et les branches de l'actionneur causant un hystérésis magnétique qui perturberait la répétabilité du décollage de la palette 4 du noyau 2. Le retrait permet de diminuer, voire éliminer cet hystérésis. A cet effet, on choisit de préférence un retrait h de l'ordre de quelques dixièmes de millimètres, donc bien plus important que les entrefers qui sont de l'ordre de quelques dizaines de micromètres de sorte que retrait h forme entre la palette et la branche centrale un entrefer important dont l'influence est prépondérante sur celle des entrefers résiduels lorsque la palette est à proximité du noyau, ce qui permet de diminuer voire d'éliminer les effets de l'hystérésis magnétique causé par les entrefers résiduels.In addition, in the absence of such a withdrawal, the manufacturing tolerances of the core would give rise to residual air gaps between the pallet and the branches of the actuator causing a magnetic hysteresis which would disturb the repeatability of the takeoff of the pallet 4 of the core 2. The shrinkage makes it possible to reduce or eliminate this hysteresis. For this purpose, a shrinkage h preferably of the order of a few tenths of a millimeter is preferably chosen, and therefore much larger than the air gaps which are of the order of a few tens of micrometers, so that shrinkage h forms between the pallet and the central branch a large gap whose influence is preponderant on that of residual air gaps when the pallet is close to the core, which allows to reduce or eliminate the effects of magnetic hysteresis caused by residual air gaps.

En pratique, on choisira de préférence un retrait h supérieur 0,1 millimètres, tout en restant inférieur à 0,35 millimètres, afin de ne pas pénaliser les performances de l'actionneur.In practice, a shrinkage h greater than 0.1 millimeters will preferably be chosen, while remaining less than 0.35 millimeters, so as not to penalize the performance of the actuator.

De même, la face d'extrémité 115 de la branche centrale du noyau 102 s'étend avec un retrait h par rapport aux faces d'extrémité 116 des branches latérales 111.Similarly, the end face 115 of the central branch of the core 102 extends with a recess h with respect to the end faces 116 of the side branches 111.

A cet égard, et comme cela est plus précisément illustré à la figure 2, la face d'extrémité 115 de la branche centrale du noyau inférieure est ici constituée par l'une des faces de l'aimant permanent 113 qui est disposé à l'extrémité de la branche centrale.In this respect, and as is more specifically illustrated in figure 2 , the end face 115 of the central branch of the lower core is constituted by one of the faces of the permanent magnet 113 which is disposed at the end of the central branch.

La disposition de l'aimant permanent 113 en extrémité de branche est particulièrement intéressante, puisque les flux d'extrémité 150 générés par l'aimant permanent 113 peuvent ainsi boucler au moins partiellement dans la palette 4 lorsque celle-ci est à proximité de l'électroaimant inférieur 101, comme cela se constate immédiatement sur la figure 2.The disposition of the permanent magnet 113 at the branch end is particularly advantageous since the end fluxes 150 generated by the magnet permanent 113 can thus loop at least partially in the pallet 4 when it is close to the lower electromagnet 101, as can be seen immediately on the figure 2 .

Par comparaison, on a illustré à la figure 3 un montage dans lequel l'aimant permanent 113' est situé quelque part au milieu de la branche centrale. On constate alors que les flux d'extrémité 150' ne peuvent boucler dans la palette 4, même si celle-ci est proche de l'électroaimant inférieur 101.By comparison, it has been shown in figure 3 a mounting in which the permanent magnet 113 'is located somewhere in the middle of the central branch. It can be seen that the end flows 150 'can not buckle in the pallet 4, even if it is close to the lower electromagnet 101.

Comme cela est illustré à la figure 4, la force magnétique générée par l'aimant permanent 113 lorsque la palette est en butée contre le noyau 102 de l'électroaimant inférieur 101 est légèrement plus importante que la force générée par l'aimant 113' dans les mêmes conditions. L'aimant permanent 113 est ainsi légèrement plus efficace.As illustrated in figure 4 , the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet 113 when the pallet is in abutment against the core 102 of the lower electromagnet 101 is slightly larger than the force generated by the magnet 113 'under the same conditions. The permanent magnet 113 is thus slightly more efficient.

En outre, la force magnétique générée par l'aimant permanent 113 lorsque la palette 4 s'éloigne du noyau 102 de l'électroaimant inférieur 101 décroît moins vite que la force générée par l'aimant 113' dans les mêmes conditions, ce qui permet de mieux retenir la palette 4 lorsqu'elle quitte l'électroaimant inférieur 102 et contribue encore plus à rendre le comportement de l'actionneur moins déséquilibré.In addition, the magnetic force generated by the permanent magnet 113 when the pallet 4 moves away from the core 102 of the lower electromagnet 101 decreases less rapidly than the force generated by the magnet 113 'under the same conditions, which allows to better retain the pallet 4 when leaving the lower electromagnet 102 and contributes even more to make the behavior of the actuator less unbalanced.

Selon un autre aspect particulier de l'invention, on aura intérêt à maximiser la surface 115 de l'aimant permanent 113 en regard de la palette 4, pour éviter toute concentration de flux qui induirait un effort de retenue trop important. En particulier, il convient de ne pas diminuer cette surface en raison par exemple de l'installation d'une bride de maintien de l'aimant permanent 113 sur 1 noyau 102.According to another particular aspect of the invention, it will be advantageous to maximize the surface 115 of the permanent magnet 113 facing the pallet 4, to avoid any concentration of flux that would induce too much retaining force. In particular, this surface should not be reduced because, for example, of the installation of a flange for holding the permanent magnet 113 on one core 102.

Pour fixer l'aimant permanent 113 au noyau 102, on pourra dès lors coller directement l'aimant permanent 113 sur l'extrémité de la branche centrale, ce qui laisse la surface d'extrémité 115 complètement libre.To fix the permanent magnet 113 to the core 102, the permanent magnet can then be directly bonded 113 on the end of the central branch, leaving the end surface 115 completely free.

Selon une variante illustrée à la figure 5, on pourra utiliser des brides 120 qui s'insèrent dans des rainures 121 des bords de l'aimant permanent, ce qui laisse également la surface d'extrémité 115 entièrement libre.According to a variant illustrated in figure 5 it will be possible to use flanges 120 which fit into grooves 121 in the edges of the permanent magnet, which also leaves the end surface 115 completely free.

L'invention n'est pas limitée à ce qui vient d'être décrit, mais bien au contraire englobe toute variante entrant dans le cadre défini par les revendications.The invention is not limited to what has just been described, but on the contrary encompasses any variant within the scope defined by the claims.

En particulier, bien que l'on ait illustré ici des actionneurs dont les aimants permanents forment un V dont la pointe est tournée vers la base du noyau, on pourra également disposer les aimants de sorte qu'ils forment un V avec la pointe dirigée vers la palette. Les partie de support des aimants solidaire de la base comportera des faces inclinées qui ne sont plus en regard, mais qui sont tournés vers les branches latérales, tandis que la partie d'extrémité de la branche centrale n'aura plus une forme de coin, mais une forme de chapeau.In particular, although there are illustrated here actuators whose permanent magnets form a V whose tip is turned towards the base of the core, we can also arrange the magnets so that they form a V with the tip directed towards the palette. The support portions of the magnets secured to the base comprise inclined faces that are no longer facing, but which are turned towards the lateral branches, while the end portion of the central branch will no longer have a wedge shape, but a form of hat.

Claims (3)

  1. Electromagnetic actuator comprising an actuating member (5) associated with an armature (4) and able to move between two extreme positions under the action of an elastic member (201) and of two electromagnets (1; 101) that are designed to attract the armature to one of the extreme positions, said electromagnets each comprising:
    - a coil (3; 103);
    - a core (2; 102) designed to channel a flux of the coil so that it forms a return path in the armature; and
    - one or more permanent magnets (13; 113) associated with the core so that the latter channels a flux of the permanent magnets so that it forms a return path in the armature; in which actuator
    the permanent magnet or magnets (13) of one of the electromagnets (1) are designed to exert a force on the armature (4) sufficient to retain the armature in the associated extreme position against the springs, whereas the permanent magnet or magnets (113) of the other of the electromagnets (101) are designed to exert a force on the armature (4) insufficient to retain the armature in the associated extreme position against the springs, characterized in that:
    - one of the electromagnets (1) which is designed to retain the armature comprises permanent magnets (13) placed in the form of a V in a central branch of the associated core (2), around which branch the associated coil (3) lies, whereas the other electromagnet (101) includes a permanent magnet (113) placed flat, parallel to the armature (4), in a central branch of the associated core (102), around which branch the associated coil (103) lies,
    - in each of the electromagnets, the central branch of the core has an end face (15, 115) that lies set back by an amount (h) relative to end faces (16, 116) of other branches of the core.
  2. Actuator according to Claim 1, in which the magnet or magnets, which are designed to exert a force on the armature insufficient to retain the armature in the associated extreme position against the springs, are installed on the core (102) of the associated electromagnet so as to be directly facing the armature.
  3. Method of controlling an internal combustion engine valve, which includes a step of using an actuator according to either of the preceding claims to operate a valve (200) that can move between a closed position and an open position, the actuator being placed relative to the valve in such a way that:
    - the closed position of the valve corresponds to the extreme position of the actuating member (5) in which the latter can be retained by the permanent magnet or magnets (13) of the corresponding electromagnet (1) against the elastic member (201); and
    - the open position of the valve corresponds to the extreme position of the actuating member in which the latter cannot be retained by the permanent magnet or magnets (113) of the corresponding electromagnet (101) against the elastic member (201).
EP06841832.6A 2005-12-02 2006-11-30 Electromagnetic actuator with two electromagnets comprising magnets having different forces and method of controlling an internal combustion engine valve using same Not-in-force EP1955338B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0512235A FR2894377B1 (en) 2005-12-02 2005-12-02 ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH TWO ELECTRO-MAGNETS COMPRISING MAGNETS OF DIFFERENT FORCES, AND METHOD OF MANAGING AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE VALVE USING THE SAME.
PCT/FR2006/002622 WO2007063222A1 (en) 2005-12-02 2006-11-30 Electromagnetic actuator with two electromagnets comprising magnets having different forces and method of controlling an internal combustion engine valve using same

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EP1955338A1 EP1955338A1 (en) 2008-08-13
EP1955338B1 true EP1955338B1 (en) 2015-07-01

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US (1) US7946261B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1955338B1 (en)
JP (1) JP5208760B2 (en)
KR (1) KR101291416B1 (en)
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WO (1) WO2007063222A1 (en)

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JP2009517995A (en) 2009-04-30
KR101291416B1 (en) 2013-08-07
KR20080073696A (en) 2008-08-11
US20080276889A1 (en) 2008-11-13
WO2007063222A1 (en) 2007-06-07
FR2894377B1 (en) 2008-05-16
JP5208760B2 (en) 2013-06-12
FR2894377A1 (en) 2007-06-08
US7946261B2 (en) 2011-05-24
EP1955338A1 (en) 2008-08-13

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