EP1481406B1 - Electromagnetic actuator with controlled attraction force - Google Patents
Electromagnetic actuator with controlled attraction force Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1481406B1 EP1481406B1 EP03720653A EP03720653A EP1481406B1 EP 1481406 B1 EP1481406 B1 EP 1481406B1 EP 03720653 A EP03720653 A EP 03720653A EP 03720653 A EP03720653 A EP 03720653A EP 1481406 B1 EP1481406 B1 EP 1481406B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- core
- pallet
- electromagnetic actuator
- armature
- back portion
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- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001965 increasing effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003032 molecular docking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/081—Magnetic constructions
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator, in particular a DC electromagnetic actuator for actuating a motor valve.
- Electromagnetic actuators comprising an actuating rod connected to a pallet to form a mobile assembly associated with a motor unit which propels the mobile assembly from one extreme position to another, the extreme positions corresponding to the open and closed positions of the valve.
- the motor member comprises at least one coil equipped with a core, a face of the pallet being adapted to come into contact with a face of the core of the coil when the valve is in one of the open or closed positions.
- the coil is used to move the pallet and retain it to keep the moving assembly in the corresponding extreme position.
- the coil is connected to a DC power supply device.
- the coil is supplied with current, which has the effect of creating a magnetic flux that closes in the pallet.
- the coil thus exerts an attraction force on the pallet.
- the total gap that must cross the flow between the pallet and the core is important.
- the coil must then be fed with a current of high intensity so that the attraction force it develops overcomes the resistant force experienced by the moving assembly.
- the attraction force exerted by the coil on the end-of-stroke pallet greatly exceeds the resisting force exerted on the moving assembly.
- the pallet thus comes against the core with a high speed, which produces an undesirable snap noise, and prevents good control of the speed of docking of the valve against its seat in the closed position.
- the pallet is generally sized to operate at the magnetic saturation limit for the maximum flux developable by the coil which is established when the pallet is away from the core.
- a flow limitation would certainly reduce the attraction force at the end of the race, but degrade the performance of the actuator when the pallet is away from the core.
- An electromagnetic actuator according to the preamble of claim 1 is known from the document JP-A-10332027 .
- the invention aims to provide a means for adapting the attraction force of the coil on the pallet end of stroke, without degrading the performance of the actuator when the pallet is away from the core.
- an electromagnetic actuator comprising an actuating member connected to a pallet which is movable under the effect of a motor member comprising at least one coil for generating a magnetic flux in a core having a face extending facing one side of the pallet, at least one facing face having at least one recessed portion characterized in that the pallet and the core are arranged to define in a first zone of the pallet and the encompassing core the recessed portion, a first magnetic path which is interrupted by an air gap at least equal to the withdrawal of the recessed portion when the pallet bears on the core, and, in a second zone of the pallet and the core excluding the recessed portion, a second magnetic path which is interrupted only by a residual gap when the pallet is supported on the core, the recessed portion having a total area at most equal to an area bringing the saturation magnetic flux in the second zone of the pallet.
- the value of the flux in the core is determined primarily by the distance between the pallet and the core. , so that the recessed portion has only a negligible influence on the performance of the actuator.
- the withdrawal of the recessed portion becomes significant relative to the residual space remaining between the facing faces. The total gap that the flow must cross in the first zone is therefore increased. For a given current, the attraction force exerted by the coil on the pallet is reduced.
- the invention makes it possible, for the same dynamics of the power supply electronics, to lower the attraction force at the end of the stroke, so that the pallet arrives less quickly against the core and the slamming noise found to be diminished.
- the invention therefore makes it possible to increase the variation of the attraction force for a given current variation.
- the presence of the recessed portions causes a correlative increase in the holding current of the pallet against the core.
- the recessed portion advantageously extends on the face of the pallet facing at least one of the branches of the core.
- the pallet comprises recessed portions which each extend opposite one of the lateral branches of the core, preferably symmetrically with respect to the actuating member.
- the recessed portion extends transversely of the arm opposite a distance at least equal to the withdrawal of the withdrawal portion relative to the face of the pallet.
- the recessed portion extends transversely to the three branches, opposite each of them.
- the first zone and the second zone are magnetically isolated.
- This arrangement avoids the migration of the flow to the second zone where it could more easily be established, which would weaken the effectiveness of the recessed portions.
- the core is composed of a stack of sheets, at least one magnetic barrier being inserted into the stack of sheets to separate the sheets making up the first zone and the second zone of the core.
- the illustrated actuator comprises, in a manner known per se, two coils arranged facing one another.
- a single coil 1 has been shown to lighten the drawing.
- the coil 1 comprises a core 2 having a central branch 3 and two lateral branches 4.
- a conductor 5, whose turns are seen in section, is wound around the central branch 3 of the core 2.
- An actuating rod 6 is mounted sliding in a bore of the central branch 3 in a direction perpendicular to a face 7 of the core 2 defined by the end of the central branch 3 and side branches 4.
- the actuating rod 6 is secured to a pallet 8 which has a face 9 parallel to the face 7 of the core 2, and which is constrained to move between the coils.
- DC power supply electronics feeds the DC conductor 5 to establish a flow 11 between the core 2 and the pallet 8 in order to exert on the pallet 8 an attraction force.
- the magnetic flux 11 flows in the core 2 through the central branch 3 and each of the lateral branches 4.
- the magnetic flux 11 is closed in the pallet 8 by crossing a total gap equal to the space separating the pallet 8 from the core 2 to the level the central branch 3 increased the space between the pallet 8 and the core 2 at each lateral branch 4.
- the faces of the pallet 8 each have four adaptation portions 10 set back a withdrawal distance r relative to the face carrying the recessed portion 10 considered.
- the recessed portions 10 each extend opposite one of the lateral branches 4 of the core 2 and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the actuating rod 6.
- the recessed portions 10 are illustrated on each of the faces of the pallet 8 because the pallet 8 also cooperates with another not shown reel which extends opposite the other face of the pallet 8. For the purposes of the description, only the recessed portions 10 made in the face 9 facing the nucleus will be taken into consideration.
- the withdrawal r is of the order of 0.2 millimeters for a maximum distance d of the order of eight millimeters.
- the attraction force exerted by the coil 1 is not disturbed by the presence of the recessed portions 10 when the pallet 8 is still distant from the core 2.
- the attraction force exerted by the coil 1 on the pallet 8 varies inversely with the square of the gap.
- the attraction force is therefore decreased significantly compared to the recessed portions so that for a given current reduction dynamics the invention makes it possible to reduce more quickly the speed of the pallet during its docking on the core.
- the additional gap of the recessed portions decreases the inductive effect of the pallet on the coil 1 and thus improves the dynamic reduction of the current in the coil.
- the recessed portions 10 do not extend over the entire length of the lateral branches 4, but only over part of it.
- the recessed portions 10 delimit longitudinally a first zone 12 of the pallet 8 and the core 2 for which the total gap that must cross the flow is substantially equal to the withdrawal r of the recessed portions 10, and a second zone 13 of the pallet 8 and the core 2 for which the total air gap is equal to twice the residual space ⁇ between the faces 7 and 9.
- the recessed portions protrude transversely from the side branch facing a distance 1 at least equal to the withdrawal r of the recessed portion.
- the recessed portions 10 are delimited transversely by a fillet 14 equal to the withdrawal r of the recessed portions 10, the center of the fillet 14 being substantially at the internal edge 15 of the side branch 4 when the pallet 8 is in contact with the core 2.
- This arrangement minimizes the passage of the flow to the zone 13 in the vicinity of the inner edge 15 in which the distance to be crossed would be less than the withdrawal distance of the recessed portions, which would reduce the effectiveness of the recessed portions 10.
- the core 2 is advantageously composed of a stack of cut sheets which limit the longitudinal migration of the flow. This arrangement contradicts the tendency of the flow normally to be established in the zone 12 to migrate to the zone 13 where the total air gap is lower.
- a magnetic barrier 16 for example a piece of non-magnetic material of the same shape as the sheets forming the core may be inserted into the stack of sheets to magnetically isolate the core portion corresponding to the zone 12 the corresponding core part at zone 13.
- the recessed portions are formed by steps 17 which extend transversely facing the central branch 3 and the lateral branches 4 of the core 2.
- the withdrawal of the recessed portion affects the flow not only in its passage between a lateral branch and the pallet but also in its passage between the central branch and the pallet.
- the step 17 is easier to machine than the recessed portions 10 illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B and eliminates any risk of magnetic flux passing through the internal edge 15 of the side branches 4.
- the step 17 delimits two zones 12 and 13 in the same way as in the preceding embodiment.
- the flow must cross once the withdrawal r of the step 17 in the gap with the central branch 3 and once the same distance in the air gap with the lateral branches to be able establish.
- the withdrawal r of the step 17 is equal to half the withdrawal distance of the recessed portions 10.
- the step 17 is replaced by a bevel 18.
- the distance between the face 7 of the core 2 and the bevel 18 is not constant but increases with the distance relative to in the center of the pallet 8.
- the bevel 18 has the same effect as the step 17, but it avoids undesirable edge effects that could occur along the edge of the step 17.
- FIG. 5 the position that the walking pallet 8 is capable of presenting with respect to the core 2 is exaggeratedly illustrated. mounting games of the actuator. It is found that the distance between the face 7 of the core 2 and the bottom of the step 17 decreases toward the end of the blade 8, and the magnetic flux tends to focus at the end edge 19 of the pallet 8, which decreases the performance of the actuator.
- Figure 6 there is illustrated a palette 8 to bevel 18 in the same configuration as before. It is found that the distance between the face 7 of the core 2 and the bevel 18 remains increasing toward the end of the pallet, the risk of concentrating the magnetic flux on the terminal edge 20 of the pallet 8 is then avoided.
- recessed portions have been illustrated in the form of a step or bevel, the recessed portions may more generally take any shape that is capable of ensuring a space between the recessed portions and the face opposite when the two faces are in contact, for example a series of grooves.
- the recessed portions may also be made on the face of the core or simultaneously on the pallet and the core although this solution appears a priori more complex to realize that the recessed portions on the pallet.
- the faces of the pallet and the core being planar, the faces can take any complementary forms able to allow their contact outside the recessed portions.
- the recessed portions are delimited transversely by a fillet, the recessed portions may be delimited by any other form provided that the recessed portions project transversely of the side branch with respect to a distance of at least equal to the withdrawal distance.
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- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Electromagnets (AREA)
- Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
- Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
Description
L'invention concerne un actionneur électromagnétique, notamment un actionneur électromagnétique à courant continu destiné à actionner une soupape de moteur.The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator, in particular a DC electromagnetic actuator for actuating a motor valve.
On connaît des actionneurs électromagnétiques comportant une tige d'actionnement reliée à une palette pour former un ensemble mobile associé à un organe moteur qui propulse l'ensemble mobile d'une position extrême à une autre, les positions extrêmes correspondant aux positions ouverte et fermée de la soupape.Electromagnetic actuators are known comprising an actuating rod connected to a pallet to form a mobile assembly associated with a motor unit which propels the mobile assembly from one extreme position to another, the extreme positions corresponding to the open and closed positions of the valve.
L'organe moteur comprend au moins une bobine équipée d'un noyau, une face de la palette étant adaptée à venir au contact d'une face du noyau de la bobine lorsque la soupape est dans l'une des positions ouverte ou fermée. La bobine sert à déplacer la palette et à retenir celle-ci pour maintenir l'ensemble mobile dans la position extrême correspondante. A cet effet la bobine est reliée à un dispositif d'alimentation en courant continu.The motor member comprises at least one coil equipped with a core, a face of the pallet being adapted to come into contact with a face of the core of the coil when the valve is in one of the open or closed positions. The coil is used to move the pallet and retain it to keep the moving assembly in the corresponding extreme position. For this purpose the coil is connected to a DC power supply device.
Lors du fonctionnement de l'actionneur, la bobine est alimentée en courant, ce qui a pour effet de créer un flux magnétique qui se referme dans la palette. La bobine exerce ainsi un effort d'attraction sur la palette.During operation of the actuator, the coil is supplied with current, which has the effect of creating a magnetic flux that closes in the pallet. The coil thus exerts an attraction force on the pallet.
Lorsque la palette est encore éloignée du noyau de la bobine, l'entrefer total que doit franchir le flux entre la palette et le noyau est important. La bobine doit alors être alimentée avec un courant de forte intensité afin que l'effort d'attraction qu'elle développe surmonte l'effort résistant que subit l'ensemble mobile.When the pallet is still far from the core of the coil, the total gap that must cross the flow between the pallet and the core is important. The coil must then be fed with a current of high intensity so that the attraction force it develops overcomes the resistant force experienced by the moving assembly.
Mais, lorsque la palette arrive au voisinage du noyau, l'entrefer total entre la palette et le noyau diminue très rapidement, et l'électronique d'alimentation n'est en général pas suffisamment rapide pour faire baisser l'intensité du courant d'alimentation en proportion de la diminution de l'entrefer.But when the pallet arrives in the vicinity of the core, the total gap between the pallet and the core decreases very rapidly, and the power supply electronics is generally not fast enough to lower the current intensity. proportional feeding the decrease of the gap.
L'effort d'attraction exercé par la bobine sur la palette en fin de course dépasse de beaucoup l'effort résistant s'exerçant sur l'ensemble mobile. La palette arrive donc contre le noyau avec une vitesse importante, ce qui produit un bruit de claquement indésirable, et empêche un bon contrôle de la vitesse d'accostage de la soupape contre son siège en position fermée.The attraction force exerted by the coil on the end-of-stroke pallet greatly exceeds the resisting force exerted on the moving assembly. The pallet thus comes against the core with a high speed, which produces an undesirable snap noise, and prevents good control of the speed of docking of the valve against its seat in the closed position.
On a pensé à diminuer l'effort d'attraction en fin de course en limitant l'intensité du flux pouvant s'établir dans la palette.It was thought to reduce the attraction force at the end of the race by limiting the intensity of the flow that can be established in the pallet.
Or la palette est en général dimensionnée pour fonctionner à la limite de saturation magnétique pour le flux maximal développable par la bobine qui s'établit lorsque la palette est éloignée du noyau. Une limitation du flux permettrait certes de diminuer l'effort d'attraction en fin de course, mais dégraderait les performances de l'actionneur lorsque la palette est éloignée du noyau. Un actionneur électromagnétique, selon le préambule de la revendication 1 est connu du document
L'invention vise à proposer un moyen pour adapter l'effort d'attraction de la bobine sur la palette en fin de course, sans dégrader les performances de l'actionneur lorsque la palette est éloignée du noyau.The invention aims to provide a means for adapting the attraction force of the coil on the pallet end of stroke, without degrading the performance of the actuator when the pallet is away from the core.
A cet effet, on propose un actionneur électromagnétique comportant un organe d'actionnement relié à une palette qui est mobile sous l'effet d'un organe moteur comportant au moins une bobine pour engendrer un flux magnétique dans un noyau ayant une face s'étendant en regard d'une face de la palette, l'une au moins des faces en regard comportant au moins une portion en retraite caractérisé en ce que la palette et le noyau sont agencés pour définir dans une première zone de la palette et du noyau englobant la portion en retrait, un premier chemin magné-tique qui est interrompu par un entrefer au moins égal au retrait de la portion en retrait lorsque la palette est en appui sur le noyau, et, dans une seconde zone de la palette et du noyau excluant la portion en retrait, un second chemin magnétique qui est interrompu seulement par un entrefer résiduel lorsque la palette est en appui sur le noyau, la portion en retrait ayant une superficie totale au plus égale à une superficie amenant le flux magnétique à saturation dans la seconde zone de la palette.For this purpose, there is provided an electromagnetic actuator comprising an actuating member connected to a pallet which is movable under the effect of a motor member comprising at least one coil for generating a magnetic flux in a core having a face extending facing one side of the pallet, at least one facing face having at least one recessed portion characterized in that the pallet and the core are arranged to define in a first zone of the pallet and the encompassing core the recessed portion, a first magnetic path which is interrupted by an air gap at least equal to the withdrawal of the recessed portion when the pallet bears on the core, and, in a second zone of the pallet and the core excluding the recessed portion, a second magnetic path which is interrupted only by a residual gap when the pallet is supported on the core, the recessed portion having a total area at most equal to an area bringing the saturation magnetic flux in the second zone of the pallet.
Ainsi, lorsque la face de la palette est éloignée de la face du noyau d'une distance qui est grande devant le retrait de la portion en retrait, la valeur du flux dans le noyau est déterminée principalement par la distance entre la palette et le noyau, de sorte que la portion en retrait n'a qu'une influence négligeable sur les performances de l'actionneur. Lorsque la palette arrive au voisinage du noyau, le retrait de la portion en retrait devient important par rapport à l'espace résiduel subsistant entre les faces en regard. L'entrefer total que doit franchir le flux dans la première zone est donc augmenté. Pour un courant donné, L'effort d'attraction exercé par la bobine sur la palette est donc diminué.Thus, when the face of the pallet is away from the face of the core by a distance that is large in front of the withdrawal of the recessed portion, the value of the flux in the core is determined primarily by the distance between the pallet and the core. , so that the recessed portion has only a negligible influence on the performance of the actuator. When the pallet reaches the vicinity of the core, the withdrawal of the recessed portion becomes significant relative to the residual space remaining between the facing faces. The total gap that the flow must cross in the first zone is therefore increased. For a given current, the attraction force exerted by the coil on the pallet is reduced.
Ainsi l'invention permet, pour une même dynamique de l'électronique d'alimentation, de faire baisser l'effort d'attraction en fin de course, de sorte que la palette arrive moins vite contre le noyau et le bruit de claquement s'en trouve diminué. L'invention permet donc d'augmenter la variation de l'effort d'attraction pour une variation de courant donnée.Thus, the invention makes it possible, for the same dynamics of the power supply electronics, to lower the attraction force at the end of the stroke, so that the pallet arrives less quickly against the core and the slamming noise found to be diminished. The invention therefore makes it possible to increase the variation of the attraction force for a given current variation.
On notera que la présence des portions en retrait provoque une augmentation corrélative du courant de maintien de la palette contre le noyau. En jouant sur les superficies relatives des première et deuxième zones, il est possible de réaliser un compromis entre la diminution d'effort recherchée en fin de course et l'augmentation corrélative du courant de maintien de la palette contre le noyau.It will be noted that the presence of the recessed portions causes a correlative increase in the holding current of the pallet against the core. By playing on the relative surfaces of the first and second zones, it is possible to make a compromise between the reduction of effort sought at the end of the race and the increase correlative of the current holding the pallet against the nucleus.
Il importe à cet égard de faire en sorte que le flux magnétique dans la seconde zone ne dépasse pas une valeur de saturation, ce qui provoquerait une dégradation des performances de l'actionneur.It is important in this regard to ensure that the magnetic flux in the second zone does not exceed a saturation value, which would cause a degradation of the performance of the actuator.
Pour un actionneur dont le noyau comporte une branche centrale et deux branches latérales ayant des extrémités qui définissent la face du noyau, la portion en retrait s'étend avantageusement sur la face de la palette en regard d'au moins l'une des branches du noyau.For an actuator whose core comprises a central branch and two lateral branches having ends which define the face of the core, the recessed portion advantageously extends on the face of the pallet facing at least one of the branches of the core.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, la palette comporte des portions en retrait qui s'étendent chacune en regard d'une des branches latérales du noyau, de préférence de façon symétrique par rapport à l'organe d'actionnement.According to a first embodiment of the invention, the pallet comprises recessed portions which each extend opposite one of the lateral branches of the core, preferably symmetrically with respect to the actuating member.
De préférence, la portion en retrait déborde transversalement de la branche en regard d'une distance au moins égale au retrait de la portion de retrait par rapport à la face de la palette.Preferably, the recessed portion extends transversely of the arm opposite a distance at least equal to the withdrawal of the withdrawal portion relative to the face of the pallet.
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention, la portion en retrait s'étend transversalement aux trois branches, en regard de chacune d'elles.According to a second embodiment of the invention, the recessed portion extends transversely to the three branches, opposite each of them.
Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, la première zone et la deuxième zone sont magnétiquement isolées.According to a particular aspect of the invention, the first zone and the second zone are magnetically isolated.
Cette disposition évite la migration du flux vers la seconde zone où il pourrait plus facilement s'établir, ce qui affaiblirait l'efficacité des portions en retrait.This arrangement avoids the migration of the flow to the second zone where it could more easily be established, which would weaken the effectiveness of the recessed portions.
De préférence, le noyau est composé d'un empilage de tôles, au moins une barrière magnétique étant insérée dans l'empilage de tôles pour séparer les tôles composant la première zone et la seconde zone du noyau.Preferably, the core is composed of a stack of sheets, at least one magnetic barrier being inserted into the stack of sheets to separate the sheets making up the first zone and the second zone of the core.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement à la lumière de la description qui suit de modes de réalisation particuliers non limitatifs de l'invention. Il sera fait référence aux figures annexées parmi lesquelles :
- la figure 1A est une vue en coupe schématique selon le plan 1A de la figure 2A d'un actionneur selon l'invention sur laquelle la palette est illustrée éloignée du noyau;
- la figure 1B est une vue en coupe schématique selon le plan IB de la figure 2B sur laquelle la palette est illustrée en contact avec le noyau ;
- la figure 2A est une vue en perspective partielle d'un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention sur laquelle la palette est illustrée éloignée du noyau, le conducteur de la bobine ayant été omis ;
- la figure 2B est une vue partielle analogue à la figure 2A sur laquelle la palette est illustrée en contact avec le noyau ;
- la figure 3A est une vue en perspective partielle d'un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention sur laquelle la palette est illustrée éloignée du noyau, le conducteur de la bobine ayant été omis ;
- la figure 3B est une vue analogue à la figure 3A sur laquelle la palette est illustrée en contact avec le noyau ;
- la figure 4 est une vue en perspective partielle d'un actionneur selon une variante du deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
- la figure 5 est une vue de côté schématique de l'actionneur des figures 3A et 3B ;
- la figure 6 est une vue de côté schématique de l'actionneur de la figure 4.
- Figure 1A is a schematic sectional view along the plane 1A of Figure 2A of an actuator according to the invention on which the pallet is illustrated remote from the core;
- Figure 1B is a schematic sectional view along the plane IB of Figure 2B on which the pallet is illustrated in contact with the core;
- Fig. 2A is a partial perspective view of a first embodiment of the invention on which the pallet is shown remote from the core, the coil conductor having been omitted;
- Figure 2B is a partial view similar to Figure 2A in which the pallet is illustrated in contact with the core;
- Fig. 3A is a partial perspective view of a second embodiment of the invention on which the pallet is shown remote from the core, the coil lead having been omitted;
- Figure 3B is a view similar to Figure 3A in which the pallet is illustrated in contact with the core;
- Figure 4 is a partial perspective view of an actuator according to a variant of the second embodiment of the invention;
- Figure 5 is a schematic side view of the actuator of Figures 3A and 3B;
- FIG. 6 is a schematic side view of the actuator of FIG. 4.
Sur les figures les échelles n'ont pas été respectées, afin de mieux faire comprendre l'invention.In the figures the scales have not been respected, to better understand the invention.
En référence aux figures 1A et 1B, l'actionneur illustré comprend de façon connue en soi deux bobines disposées en regard l'une de l'autre. Une seule bobine 1 a été représentée pour alléger le dessin. La bobine 1 comporte un noyau 2 présentant une branche centrale 3 et deux branches latérales 4. Un conducteur 5, dont on aperçoit les spires en coupe, est enroulé autour de la branche centrale 3 du noyau 2. Une tige d'actionnement 6 est montée à coulissement dans un alésage de la branche centrale 3 selon une direction perpendiculaire à une face 7 du noyau 2 définie par l'extrémité de la branche centrale 3 et des branches latérales 4. La tige d'actionnement 6 est solidaire d'une palette 8 qui possède une face 9 parallèle à la face 7 du noyau 2, et qui est astreinte à se déplacer entre les bobines.With reference to FIGS. 1A and 1B, the illustrated actuator comprises, in a manner known per se, two coils arranged facing one another. A single coil 1 has been shown to lighten the drawing. The coil 1 comprises a
Une électronique d'alimentation en courant continu, non représentée, alimente le conducteur 5 en courant continu pour établir un flux 11 entre le noyau 2 et la palette 8 en vue d'exercer sur la palette 8 un effort d'attraction. Le flux magnétique 11 circule dans le noyau 2 par la branche centrale 3 et chacune des branches latérales 4. Le flux magnétique 11 se referme dans la palette 8 en franchissant un entrefer total égal à l'espace séparant la palette 8 du noyau 2 au niveau de la branche centrale 3 augmenté de l'espace séparant la palette 8 du noyau 2 au niveau de chaque branche latérale 4.DC power supply electronics, not shown, feeds the
Selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention, les faces de la palette 8 présentent chacune quatre portions d'adaptation 10 en retrait d'une distance de retrait r par rapport à la face portant la portion en retrait 10 considérée. Les portions en retrait 10 s'étendent chacune en regard d'une des branches latérales 4 du noyau 2 et sont disposées de façon symétrique par rapport à la tige d'actionnement 6.According to the first embodiment of the invention, the faces of the
Sur les figures, les portions en retrait 10 sont illustrées sur chacune des faces de la palette 8 car la palette 8 coopère également avec une autre bobine non représentée qui s'étend en regard de l'autre face de la palette 8. Pour les besoins de la description, seules les portions en retrait 10 réalisées dans la face 9 en regard du noyau seront prises en considération.In the figures, the recessed
Dans la position illustrée à la figure 1A, la palette 8 est éloignée du noyau 2 et le retrait r des portions en retrait 10 est négligeable devant la distance d mesurée entre la face 9 de la palette 8 et la face 7 du noyau 2. L'entrefer total que doit franchir le flux est donc sensiblement égal à deux fois la distance d, la présence des portions en retrait 10 ayant une influence négligeable.In the position illustrated in FIG. 1A, the
A titre d'exemple, le retrait r est de l'ordre de 0,2 millimètres pour une distance d maximale de l'ordre de huit millimètres.For example, the withdrawal r is of the order of 0.2 millimeters for a maximum distance d of the order of eight millimeters.
L'effort d'attraction exercé par la bobine 1 n'est donc pas perturbé par la présence des portions en retrait 10 lorsque la palette 8 est encore éloignée du noyau 2.The attraction force exerted by the coil 1 is not disturbed by the presence of the recessed
Dans la position illustrée à la figure 1B, la face 9 de la palette 8 et la face 7 du noyau 2 sont en contact. En raison des défauts de surface du noyau et de la palette il subsiste entre les deux faces en contact un espace résiduel ε bien inférieur au retrait des portions en retrait 10. L'entrefer total que doit franchir le flux est donc sensiblement égal à la distance de retrait r en regard des portions en retrait 10, alors qu'il aurait été égal à deux fois l'espace résiduel ε en l'absence des portions en retrait 10.In the position illustrated in Figure 1B, the
A courant donné, la force d'attraction exercée par la bobine 1 sur la palette 8 varie en fonction inverse du carré de l'entrefer. Lorsque la palette arrive au voisinage du noyau 2 la force d'attraction est donc diminuée de façon très importante en regard des portions en retrait de sorte que pour une dynamique de réduction de courant donnée l'invention permet de réduire plus rapidement la vitesse de la palette lors de son accostage sur le noyau. En outre l'entrefer additionnel des portions en retrait diminue l'effet inductif de la palette sur la bobine 1 et permet donc d'améliorer la dynamique de réduction du courant dans la bobine.At a given current, the attraction force exerted by the coil 1 on the
Dans le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention illustré aux figures 2A et 2B, les portions en retrait 10 ne s'étendent pas sur toute la longueur des branches latérales 4, mais uniquement sur une partie de celle-ci.In the first embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the recessed
Les portions en retrait 10 délimitent longitudinalement une première zone 12 de la palette 8 et du noyau 2 pour laquelle l'entrefer total que doit franchir le flux est sensiblement égal au retrait r des portions en retrait 10, et une seconde zone 13 de la palette 8 et du noyau 2 pour laquelle l'entrefer total est égal à deux fois l'espace résiduel ε entre les faces 7 et 9.The recessed
On notera qu'après mise en contact de la palette sur le noyau, le maintien de la palette contre le noyau nécessite alors d'alimenter la bobine avec un courant de maintien qui est d'autant plus important que le retrait r et la surface des portions de retrait sont grandes. La surface des portions en retrait résulte donc d'un compromis entre la réduction de force recherchée en vue d'augmenter la variation d'effort d'attraction et une augmentation raisonnable du courant de maintien. En pratique on a déterminé que pour une distance de retrait de 0,2 mm une surface des portions en retrait égale au tiers de la surface des branches latérales du noyau constitue un compromis satisfaisant.Note that after contacting the pallet on the core, maintaining the pallet against the core then requires powering the coil with a holding current which is all the more important that the withdrawal r and the surface of the shrinkage portions are large. The surface of the recessed portions therefore results from a compromise between the desired force reduction in order to increase the variation of the attraction force and a reasonable increase in the holding current. In practice it has been determined that for a shrinkage distance of 0.2 mm a surface of the recessed portions equal to one third of the surface of the lateral branches of the core constitutes a satisfactory compromise.
En modifiant la longueur relative des zones 12 et 13 il est possible moduler l'affaiblissement en fin de course de l'effort d'attraction. Cependant, cette modulation est limitée par le fait qu'une augmentation trop importante des superficies des portions en retrait risquerait de provoquer une saturation de la seconde zone 13.By modifying the relative length of the
Une telle saturation provoquerait une dégradation des performances de l'actionneur.Such saturation would cause a degradation of the performance of the actuator.
En pratique, on limitera la superficie totale des portions en retrait à 50% de la superficie totale des faces en regard de la palette et du noyau.In practice, it will limit the total area of the recessed portions to 50% of the total area of the faces opposite the pallet and the core.
Selon un aspect particulier de l'invention, les portions en retrait 10 débordent transversalement de la branche latérale en regard sur une distance 1 au moins égale au retrait r de la portion en retrait. Dans l'exemple illustré, les portions en retrait 10 sont délimitées transversalement par un congé 14 de rayon égal au retrait r des portions en retrait 10, le centre du congé 14 se situant sensiblement au niveau de l'arête interne 15 de la branche latérale 4 lorsque la palette 8 est en contact avec le noyau 2.According to a particular aspect of the invention, the recessed portions protrude transversely from the side branch facing a distance 1 at least equal to the withdrawal r of the recessed portion. In the illustrated example, the recessed
Cette disposition minimise le passage du flux vers la zone 13 au voisinage de l'arête interne 15 dans laquelle la distance à franchir serait inférieure à la distance de retrait des portions en retrait, ce qui diminuerait l'efficacité des portions en retrait 10.This arrangement minimizes the passage of the flow to the
Par ailleurs, le noyau 2 est avantageusement composé d'un empilement de tôles découpées qui limitent la migration longitudinale du flux. Cette disposition contrarie la tendance du flux devant normalement s'établir dans la zone 12 à migrer vers la zone 13 où l'entrefer total est plus faible. Afin de limiter encore cette migration, une barrière magnétique 16, par exemple une pièce en matière amagnétique de même forme que les tôles formant le noyau peut-être insérée dans l'empilement de tôles pour isoler magnétiquement la partie de noyau correspondant à la zone 12 de la partie de noyau correspondant à la zone 13.Moreover, the
Selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention illustré aux figures 3A et 3B les portions en retrait sont formées par des marches 17 qui s'étendent transversalement en regard de la branche centrale 3 et des branches latérales 4 du noyau 2. Dans ce cas, le retrait de la portion en retrait affecte le flux non seulement dans son passage entre une branche latéral et la palette mais également dans son passage entre la branche centrale et la palette.According to a second embodiment of the invention illustrated in FIGS. 3A and 3B, the recessed portions are formed by
La marche 17 est plus facile à usiner que les portions en retrait 10 illustrées aux figures 2A et 2B et supprime tout risque de passage parasite de flux magnétique par l'arête interne 15 des branches latérales 4.The
La marche 17 délimite deux zones 12 et 13 de la même façon que dans le mode de réalisation précèdent. Dans la zone 12 correspondant à la marche 17, le flux doit franchir une fois le retrait r de la marche 17 dans l'entrefer avec la branche centrale 3 et une fois la même distance dans l'entrefer avec les branches latérales pour pouvoir s'établir. Pour un même affaiblissement que dans le premier mode de réalisation, il suffit donc que le retrait r de la marche 17 soit égale à la moitié de la distance de retrait des portions en retrait 10.The
Dans une variante de ce mode de réalisation, illustrée à la figure 4, la marche 17 est remplacée par un biseau 18. La distance entre la face 7 du noyau 2 et le biseau 18 n'est pas constante mais augmente avec la distance par rapport au centre de la palette 8. Le biseau 18 a le même effet que la marche 17, mais il permet d'éviter des effets de bords indésirables qui pourraient subvenir le long de l'arête de la marche 17.In a variant of this embodiment, illustrated in FIG. 4, the
Par ailleurs sur la figure 5, on a illustré, de façon exagérée, la position que la palette 8 à marche 17 est susceptible de présenter vis-à-vis du noyau 2 du fait des jeux de montage de l'actionneur. On constate que la distance entre la face 7 du noyau 2 et le fond de la marche 17 diminue en direction de l'extrémité de la palette 8, et le flux magnétique a tendance à se concentrer au niveau de l'arête terminale 19 de la palette 8, ce qui diminue les performances de l'actionneur.Moreover, in FIG. 5, the position that the walking
Sur la figure 6, on a illustré une palette 8 à biseau 18 dans la même configuration que précédemment. On constate que la distance entre la face 7 du noyau 2 et le biseau 18 reste croissante en direction de l'extrémité de la palette, le risque de concentration du flux magnétique sur l'arête terminale 20 de la palette 8 étant alors évité.In Figure 6, there is illustrated a
Ce risque de déséquilibre de positionnement de la palette est en outre minimisé par une disposition symétrique des portions en retrait par rapport à l'organe d'actionnement 6.This risk of imbalance of positioning of the pallet is further minimized by a symmetrical arrangement of the recessed portions with respect to the actuating
L'invention n'est pas limitée au mode particulier de réalisation qui vient d'être décrit, mais bien au contraire entend couvrir toute variante qui entre dans le cadre de l'invention tel que défini par les revendications.The invention is not limited to the particular embodiment that has just been described, but on the contrary intends to cover any variant that falls within the scope of the invention as defined by the claims.
Bien que l'on ait illustré les portions en retrait sous forme de marche ou encore de biseau, les portions en retrait pourront plus généralement prendre toute forme apte à assurer un espace entre les portions en retrait et la face en regard lorsque les deux faces sont en contact, par exemple une série de rainures.Although recessed portions have been illustrated in the form of a step or bevel, the recessed portions may more generally take any shape that is capable of ensuring a space between the recessed portions and the face opposite when the two faces are in contact, for example a series of grooves.
Bien que l'on ait illustré l'invention avec des portions en retrait réalisées sur la palette, les portions en retrait pourront également être réalisées sur la face du noyau ou simultanément sur la palette et le noyau bien que cette solution apparaisse a priori plus complexe à réaliser que les portions en retrait sur la palette.Although the invention has been illustrated with recessed portions made on the pallet, the recessed portions may also be made on the face of the core or simultaneously on the pallet and the core although this solution appears a priori more complex to realize that the recessed portions on the pallet.
Bien que l'on ait illustré les faces de la palette et du noyau comme étant planes, les faces pourront prendre toutes formes complémentaires aptes à permettre leur contact en dehors des portions en retrait.Although we have illustrated the faces of the pallet and the core being planar, the faces can take any complementary forms able to allow their contact outside the recessed portions.
Bien que l'on ait indiqué que les portions en retrait étaient délimitées transversalement par un congé, les portions en retrait pourront être délimitées par toute autre forme pourvu que les portions en retrait débordent transversalement de la branche latérale en regard d'une distance au moins égale à la distance de retrait.Although it has been indicated that the recessed portions are delimited transversely by a fillet, the recessed portions may be delimited by any other form provided that the recessed portions project transversely of the side branch with respect to a distance of at least equal to the withdrawal distance.
Bien que l'on ait indiqué que les portions en retrait s'étendent en regard des branches latérales, ou à cheval sur la branche centrale et les branches latérales, on pourra également prévoir des portions en retrait qui s'étendent seulement en regard de la branche centrale.Although it has been indicated that the recessed portions extend opposite the lateral branches, or straddling the central branch and the lateral branches, it will also be possible to provide recessed portions which extend only opposite the central branch.
Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en relation avec un actionneur à deux bobines, elle s'applique également à un actionneur monobobine dont le noyau comporte des extrémités actives en regard des deux faces de la palette. Although the invention has been described in relation to a two-coil actuator, it also applies to a single-spindle actuator whose core has active ends facing both faces of the pallet.
Claims (10)
- An electromagnetic actuator comprising an actuator member (6) connected to an armature (8) which is movable under drive from a drive member comprising at least one coil (1) for generating magnetic flux in a core (2) having a face facing a face of the armature (8), at least one of the facing faces including at least one set-back portion (10; 17; 18), the actuator being characterized in that the armature (8) and the core (2) are arranged, in a first zone (12) of the armature (8) and of the core (2) including the set-back portion, to define a first magnetic path which is interrupted by an air gap that is not less than the setback of the set-back portion (10; 17; 18) when the armature (8) bears against the core (2), and in a second zone (13) of the armature (8) and of the core (2) excluding the set-back portion, to define a second magnetic path which is interrupted solely by a residual air gap when the armature (8) bears against the core (2), the total area of the set-back portion being no greater than an area that would bring the magnetic flux to saturation in the second zone of the armature.
- An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the total area of the set-back portion is less than 50% of the total area of the facing faces.
- An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the core (2) comprises a central branch (3) and two side branches (4) having ends which define the face (7) of the core (2), and in that the set-back portion (10; 17; 18) extends over the face of the armature (9) facing at least one of the branches of the core.
- An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that the armature (8) has set-back portions (10) which extend facing the side branches (4) of the core.
- An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that the set-back portions are symmetrical relative to the actuator member.
- An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that the set-back portion (10) extends transversely beyond the facing branch over a distance (ℓ) that is less than the setback (r) of the set-back portion (10) relative to the actuator member.
- An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 3, characterized in that the set-back portion (17, 18) extends transversely relative to all three branches (4, 3, 4), facing each of them.
- An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 7, characterized in that the set-back portion (17) is in the form of a chamfer.
- An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 1, characterized in that the first zone (12) and the second zone (13) of the core (2) are magnetically isolated from each other.
- An electromagnetic actuator according to claim 9, characterized in that the core is made up of a stack of laminations, at least one magnetic barrier (16) being inserted in the stack of laminations, to separate the laminations making up the first and second zones (12 and 13) of the core (2).
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0202631 | 2002-03-01 | ||
FR0202631A FR2836755B1 (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2002-03-01 | ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR WITH CONTROLLED ATTRACTION FORCE |
PCT/FR2003/000658 WO2003075293A1 (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2003-02-28 | Electromagnetic actuator with controlled attraction force |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1481406A1 EP1481406A1 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
EP1481406B1 true EP1481406B1 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
Family
ID=27741368
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03720653A Expired - Fee Related EP1481406B1 (en) | 2002-03-01 | 2003-02-28 | Electromagnetic actuator with controlled attraction force |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7042321B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1481406B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP4473582B2 (en) |
AU (1) | AU2003224230A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE60317777T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2299696T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2836755B1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2003075293A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2006223081A (en) * | 2005-01-14 | 2006-08-24 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | Actuator structure and actuator block using it, and electronic equipment |
FR2925754B1 (en) * | 2007-12-20 | 2015-06-05 | Valeo Sys Controle Moteur Sas | ELECTRO-MAGNET ASSEMBLY AND ELECTRO-MAGNET PALLET AND VALVE ACTUATOR COMPRISING SUCH AN ASSEMBLY |
DE102013220853A1 (en) * | 2013-10-15 | 2015-04-16 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | A method for driving an electromagnetic actuator with a coil |
JP6293069B2 (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2018-03-14 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Electromagnetic brake device and elevator device using the same |
CN105090295B (en) * | 2014-05-19 | 2018-07-06 | 三菱电机株式会社 | Electro-magnetic braking device and the lift appliance using the electro-magnetic braking device |
CN108999899A (en) * | 2018-09-25 | 2018-12-14 | 日立电梯电机(广州)有限公司 | brake and elevator brake structure |
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FR579885A (en) * | 1923-05-17 | 1924-10-25 | Reyrolle A & Co Ltd | Improvements to alternating current electromagnets |
FR1109598A (en) * | 1954-08-04 | 1956-01-31 | App V F B | Anti-remanence device for magnetic circuits |
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US5207239A (en) | 1991-07-30 | 1993-05-04 | Aura Systems, Inc. | Variable gain servo assist |
US5548263A (en) | 1992-10-05 | 1996-08-20 | Aura Systems, Inc. | Electromagnetically actuated valve |
US5515818A (en) | 1993-12-15 | 1996-05-14 | Machine Research Corporation Of Chicago | Electromechanical variable valve actuator |
US5636601A (en) | 1994-06-15 | 1997-06-10 | Honda Giken Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha | Energization control method, and electromagnetic control system in electromagnetic driving device |
JP3186462B2 (en) | 1994-09-22 | 2001-07-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Electromagnetic valve drive for internal combustion engine |
US5730091A (en) | 1996-11-12 | 1998-03-24 | Ford Global Technologies, Inc. | Soft landing electromechanically actuated engine valve |
JPH10205314A (en) | 1996-12-13 | 1998-08-04 | Fev Motorentechnik Gmbh & Co Kg | Method for controlling solenoid valve driving part of gas exchange valve |
US5961097A (en) | 1996-12-17 | 1999-10-05 | Caterpillar Inc. | Electromagnetically actuated valve with thermal compensation |
DE19702130C1 (en) * | 1997-01-22 | 1998-04-23 | Siemens Ag | Sintered armature design e.g. for contactors |
JP3438532B2 (en) * | 1997-06-04 | 2003-08-18 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Solenoid driven valve |
DE29712502U1 (en) | 1997-07-15 | 1997-09-18 | FEV Motorentechnik GmbH & Co. KG, 52078 Aachen | Electromagnetic actuator with housing |
GB9720911D0 (en) | 1997-10-03 | 1997-12-03 | Britax Rainsfords Pty Ltd | Hall effect sensor system |
FR2784712B1 (en) | 1998-10-15 | 2001-09-14 | Sagem | ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE OPERATION METHOD AND DEVICE |
DE19913050A1 (en) | 1999-03-23 | 2000-09-28 | Fev Motorentech Gmbh | Method for detecting the position and / or speed of movement of an actuating element that can be moved back and forth between two switching positions |
JP3733782B2 (en) * | 1999-04-05 | 2006-01-11 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | Control device for electromagnetically driven valve |
JP3508636B2 (en) * | 1999-08-19 | 2004-03-22 | 日産自動車株式会社 | Control device for electromagnetically driven intake and exhaust valves |
FR2806146B1 (en) | 2000-03-10 | 2002-10-25 | Sagem | ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE CONTROL DEVICE WITH PNEUMATIC SPRINGS |
FR2808375B1 (en) | 2000-04-27 | 2002-09-06 | Sagem | ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE ACTUATOR, MONOBOBIN TYPE |
-
2002
- 2002-03-01 FR FR0202631A patent/FR2836755B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2003
- 2003-02-28 DE DE60317777T patent/DE60317777T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-28 JP JP2003573657A patent/JP4473582B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-28 EP EP03720653A patent/EP1481406B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-02-28 WO PCT/FR2003/000658 patent/WO2003075293A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-02-28 ES ES03720653T patent/ES2299696T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-02-28 AU AU2003224230A patent/AU2003224230A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-02-28 US US10/504,740 patent/US7042321B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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FR2836755A1 (en) | 2003-09-05 |
ES2299696T3 (en) | 2008-06-01 |
WO2003075293A1 (en) | 2003-09-12 |
DE60317777T2 (en) | 2008-11-20 |
FR2836755B1 (en) | 2004-08-20 |
DE60317777D1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
AU2003224230A1 (en) | 2003-09-16 |
US7042321B2 (en) | 2006-05-09 |
US20050083159A1 (en) | 2005-04-21 |
EP1481406A1 (en) | 2004-12-01 |
JP2005519465A (en) | 2005-06-30 |
JP4473582B2 (en) | 2010-06-02 |
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