EP1954848B1 - Verfahren zur erhöhung der anlassbeständigkeit eines stahlwerkstücks - Google Patents

Verfahren zur erhöhung der anlassbeständigkeit eines stahlwerkstücks Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1954848B1
EP1954848B1 EP06793677.3A EP06793677A EP1954848B1 EP 1954848 B1 EP1954848 B1 EP 1954848B1 EP 06793677 A EP06793677 A EP 06793677A EP 1954848 B1 EP1954848 B1 EP 1954848B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
work piece
steel work
raising
tempering resistance
quenching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP06793677.3A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1954848A2 (de
Inventor
Nils Lippmann
Rogerio Pitella
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1954848A2 publication Critical patent/EP1954848A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1954848B1 publication Critical patent/EP1954848B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C8/00—Solid state diffusion of only non-metal elements into metallic material surfaces; Chemical surface treatment of metallic material by reaction of the surface with a reactive gas, leaving reaction products of surface material in the coating, e.g. conversion coatings, passivation of metals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process for raising the tempering resistance of a steel work piece, especially injection-nozzle bodies of fuel-injection systems applied to internal combustion engines.
  • Steel is most widespread material for building injection-nozzle bodies of fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines. This is due to the different physical characteristics which steel has after a specific heat treatment.
  • Said treatment is carried out on injection-nozzle bodies, since application at high temperature and under high pressure is more and more common in feeding systems and, consequently, in said bodies.
  • the temperature is in the range of 300 °C and the pressure of 2000 bar (200 MPa).
  • the most widespread initial treatment for said bodies is the cementation with subsequent quenching (rapid cooling).
  • quenching rapid cooling
  • austenitization after cementation and before quenching, in order to raise the toughness and fatigue strength of the steel.
  • the quenching may be carried out by a gaseous or liquid media.
  • the gaseous medium has the advantage that there is no need to clean the bodies being treated afterwards.
  • liquid has the advantage of better raising the tempering resistance of the steel.
  • Tempering resistance means the resistance to the loss of hardness exhibited by the material in a tempering or annealing treatment after the quenching.
  • the subsequent tempering or annealing aims at relieving the stresses generated in the material during the quenching process.
  • the present invention relates to a process for raising the tempering resistance of a steel work piece, which employs a gaseous medium to effect the quenching after cementation has been carried out, the steel work piece being preferably an injection-nozzle body of a fuel-feed system.
  • Figure 1 - is a view of a graph with the steps of the process of the present invention.
  • the initial treatment step consists in carburizing, which is the introduction of carbon in the outer surface of the steel body of an injector nozzle. With the introduction of carbon the surface becomes harder after the quenching process.
  • This carburizing occurs in a furnace chamber, in which a vacuum is produced and then a carburizing gas is fed into the furnace chamber.
  • This kind of carburizing is known as low pressure carburization.
  • the toughness and fatigue resistance of the steel is increased.
  • the carrying out of the quenching after the carburization or after the austenitization is the step in which one achieves, in the structure of the steel, the desired martensite and the respective hardness.
  • the quenching may be carried out basically by two cooling media, as described in the prior art, namely a gaseous or a liquid medium.
  • the quenching of the present invention takes place in a gaseous medium with a heat transfer coefficient similar to that of the liquid medium, thus preventing the additional step of cleaning said bodies and the internal oxidation of the steel. Further, one achieves greater uniformity in the carburization and a higher tempering resistance.
  • the quenching intensity should be increased. When doing so, it has been found that the effect of precipitation of the carbides in the matrix was drastically reduced, or even totally eliminated.
  • a heat transmission coefficient higher than 1500 W/m 2 K was applied, with the use of high-pressure gas.
  • This high-pressure gas with a heat transfer coefficient higher than 1500 W/m 2 K can be achieved by using a mixture of gases such as, for example, helium gas and carbon dioxide, but the gas should be injected under a pressure of at least 2000 kPa. In addition to the pressure the gas used should be at a speed of at least 15 m/s for achieving the required coefficient of heat transfer. Such speed and pressure can be reached with equipment designed for this purpose, for example circulation turbines.
  • gases such as, for example, helium gas and carbon dioxide
  • such a heat transfer coefficient is achieved by carrying out the quenching in small quantity of work pieces, or else with single work pieces, by means of a gas-jet field with injection of carbon dioxide with gas-flow speeds higher than 30 m/s are used.
  • the first step of the process is the carburization 1, which consists in raising the temperature of the work piece (injector-nozzle body) up to a cementation temperature in the range A from 880 to 960 °C.
  • the work piece is kept at this temperature during a period of time t 1 to t 2 of about 30 to 150 minutes in a quasi vacuum in which a carburizing gas in introduced.
  • a carburizing gas in introduced.
  • the carbon penetrates into the surface of the work piece in a uniform manner.
  • the final product will be free from internal oxidation, since oxygen is not applied.
  • the cementation 1 should not exceed the conditions of formation of a grain coarsening in the surface-near region of the steel. In this way, right after this carburization step 1, one may effect the quenching with a coefficient of heat transmission higher than 1500 W/m 2 K, as described above, and alter the structure of the martensite in the region of the carburized surface-near layer, thus obtaining a work piece that does not have the failures mentioned.
  • the austenitizing temperature 2 is lower than that of cementation 2 and is in the range B from 820 to 870 °C.
  • the temperatures of the range B are reached with the continuity of the present process from the mere reduction of temperature in the range A to B.
  • the work piece remains in the furnace chamber in the vacuum or a process-gas in order for the austenitization which occurs during a period of time t 4 to t 5 from 20 to 40 minutes.
  • the oversaturation of austenite with carbon in the carburized layer is decreased in order to prevent retained austenite and thus soft points in said layer.
  • a tempering or annealing 4 process step is necessary to remove the stresses accumulated in the material and to transform more retained austenite.
  • the tempering gives a temperature range D from 160 °C to 220 °C for a time period from t 8 to t 9 , which is 45 to 180 minutes. After tempering the steel is slowly cooled down to room temperature at a rate of approximately 100 to 300 K/h.
  • the metal work piece treated with this process has its main application in injection-nozzle bodies of injection systems, but it may also be employed in other applications than injection-nozzle bodies.
  • the material employed corresponds, in its physical characteristics in the non-carburized region, to the material 18CrNi8, this steel having good availability on the market, that is to say, its cost is lower than that of a steel that has more Si (as described in the prior art - DE 103 18 135 ).
  • the lesser amount of Si is also advantageous for hot or cold extrusion, as well as for machining.
  • Another advantage in using this process is that there is no step of adding nitrogen. Without nitrogen the stabilization of retained austenite is smaller, so that during the operation of the injection-nozzle bodies do not present the mentioned failures any longer.
  • the surface carbon content corresponds to that of the usual carburization processes which is 0.6 to 0.8 %.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Solid-Phase Diffusion Into Metallic Material Surfaces (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (11)

  1. Verfahren zum Erhöhen der Temperbeständigkeit eines Werkstücks aus Stahl, umfassend folgende Schritte:
    - Vakuumkarburierung (1) des Werkstücks,
    - Durchführen eines Abschreckverfahrens in einem gasförmigen Medium,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    das Abschrecken in dem gasförmigen Medium mit einem Wärmeübertragungskoeffizienten zwischen dem Werkstück aus Stahl und dem gasförmigen Medium durchgeführt wird, der größer als 1500 W/m2K ist, wobei das gasförmige Medium mit dem Wärmeübertragungskoeffizienten durch Hochdruckgas bereitgestellt wird, und
    dass das Hochdruckgas ein Gasstrahlfeld mit Einspritzung von Kohlendioxid mit Geschwindigkeiten von höher als 30 m/s relativ zu dem Werkstück aus Stahl ist und
    dass der Vakuumzementationsschritt (1) des Werkstücks aus Stahl in einem Temperaturbereich (A) von 880 °C bis 960 °C für 30 bis 150 Minuten erfolgt.
  2. Verfahren zum Erhöhen der Temperbeständigkeit eines Werkstücks aus Stahl gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Hochdruckgas ein fluides Gemisch aus Gas und Flüssigkeit in Verdampfung mit Geschwindigkeiten von höher als 10 m/s relativ zu dem Werkstück aus Stahl ist.
  3. Verfahren zum Erhöhen der Temperbeständigkeit eines Werkstücks aus Stahl gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Zementationsschritt (1) Austenitisierung (2) des Werkstücks in einem Temperaturbereich (B) von 820 °C bis 870 °C für 20 bis 40 Minuten durchgeführt wird.
  4. Verfahren zum Erhöhen der Temperbeständigkeit eines Werkstücks aus Stahl gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach dem Abschrecken eine Behandlung unter Null (3) bei negativen Temperaturen (C) für 10 bis 100 Minuten durchgeführt wird.
  5. Verfahren zum Erhöhen der Temperbeständigkeit eines Werkstücks aus Stahl gemäß Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die negativen Temperaturen (C) von -60 °C bis -196 °C (77 K bis 213 K) betragen.
  6. Verfahren zum Erhöhen der Temperbeständigkeit eines Werkstücks aus Stahl gemäß Ansprüchen 4 oder 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach der Behandlung unter Null (3) Glühen (4) für 45 bis 180 Minuten durchgeführt wird.
  7. Verfahren zum Erhöhen der Temperbeständigkeit eines Werkstücks aus Stahl gemäß Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Tempertemperaturen von 160 bis 220 °C betragen.
  8. Verfahren zum Erhöhen der Temperbeständigkeit eines Werkstücks aus Stahl gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Austenitisierung (2) in einem Ofen mit Prozessgasen durchgeführt wird.
  9. Verfahren zum Erhöhen der Temperbeständigkeit eines Werkstücks aus Stahl gemäß Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Austenitisierung (2) in Vakuum durchgeführt wird.
  10. Verfahren zum Erhöhen der Temperbeständigkeit eines Werkstücks aus Stahl gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wärmeübertragungskoeffizient in der Abschreckkammer mit einem Gas oder einem Gemisch von Gasen höher als 1500 W/m2K ist.
  11. Verfahren zum Erhöhen der Temperbeständigkeit eines Werkstücks aus Stahl gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Werkstück ein Brennstoffeinspritzdüsenkörper ist.
EP06793677.3A 2005-09-27 2006-09-20 Verfahren zur erhöhung der anlassbeständigkeit eines stahlwerkstücks Not-in-force EP1954848B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BRPI0504417 BRPI0504417B1 (pt) 2005-09-27 2005-09-27 Processo para aumento de resistência à têmpera de peça de aço
PCT/EP2006/066548 WO2007039468A2 (en) 2005-09-27 2006-09-20 A process for raising the tempering resistance of a steel work piece

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1954848A2 EP1954848A2 (de) 2008-08-13
EP1954848B1 true EP1954848B1 (de) 2018-08-15

Family

ID=37460204

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06793677.3A Not-in-force EP1954848B1 (de) 2005-09-27 2006-09-20 Verfahren zur erhöhung der anlassbeständigkeit eines stahlwerkstücks

Country Status (3)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1954848B1 (de)
BR (1) BRPI0504417B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2007039468A2 (de)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2011017495A1 (en) 2009-08-07 2011-02-10 Swagelok Company Low temperature carburization under soft vacuum
JP6257527B2 (ja) 2012-01-20 2018-01-10 スウエイジロク・カンパニー 低温浸炭における活性化ガスの同時流

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
AU2001245704A1 (en) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-24 The Timken Company High performance carburizing stainless steel for high temperature use
DE10021583A1 (de) * 2000-05-04 2001-11-15 Ald Vacuum Techn Ag Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Aufkohlen und Härten von Werkstückchargen
DE10254846B4 (de) * 2002-11-25 2011-06-16 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zum Einsatzhärten von Bauteilen aus Warmarbeitsstählen mittels Unterdruckaufkohlung
GB0300687D0 (en) * 2003-01-13 2003-02-12 Boc Group Plc Quenching method and furnace
DE102004039926B4 (de) * 2004-08-18 2016-09-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines temperatur- und korrosionsbeständigen Kraftstoffinjektorkörpers

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP1954848A2 (de) 2008-08-13
BRPI0504417A (pt) 2007-06-12
WO2007039468A3 (en) 2007-10-11
BRPI0504417B1 (pt) 2014-11-04
WO2007039468A2 (en) 2007-04-12

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