EP1941953A1 - Method and tool for impact extrusion of magnesium forgeable alloys - Google Patents

Method and tool for impact extrusion of magnesium forgeable alloys Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1941953A1
EP1941953A1 EP07450179A EP07450179A EP1941953A1 EP 1941953 A1 EP1941953 A1 EP 1941953A1 EP 07450179 A EP07450179 A EP 07450179A EP 07450179 A EP07450179 A EP 07450179A EP 1941953 A1 EP1941953 A1 EP 1941953A1
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Prior art keywords
extrusion
magnesium
extruded
tool
deformation
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1941953B1 (en
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Johann Ing. Willdonner
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Neuman Aluminium Fliesspresswerk GmbH
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Neuman Aluminium Fliesspresswerk GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C23/00—Extruding metal; Impact extrusion
    • B21C23/002—Extruding materials of special alloys so far as the composition of the alloy requires or permits special extruding methods of sequences
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/06—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of magnesium or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a process for the production of articles made of magnesium, in particular magnesium wrought alloys.
  • the invention relates to a tool for extrusion and articles of the aforementioned alloys.
  • the forming capacity of a material is generally influenced by many factors: the material properties (crystal lattice, chemical composition, microstructure, anisotropy), the thermodynamic conditions (thermally activated processes, forming speed), the forming behavior (friction, geometry of the forming zone, tool geometry, forming history) and the Stress condition during forming.
  • magnesium alloys can only be formed to a limited extent at room temperature. Metals with a hexagonal lattice structure are only able to glide in the base plane at room temperature, as well as twinning for plastic deformation, unlike metals with cubic face-centered lattice structure with 5 independent sliding systems. Only at a temperature above 225 ° C are more pyramidal slip planes activated.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method by means of which objects made of magnesium, in particular magnesium wrought alloys can be pressed free of defects at low temperatures.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide an improved tool for the manufacture of articles of magnesium, in particular magnesium wrought alloys.
  • a semi-finished is made from which in a second step F physicallypressbutzen be made and this be extruded in a third step at a temperature of below 200 ° C to objects.
  • magnesium or a magnesium wrought alloy when subjected to deformation, in particular hot working, in the first step, with a degree of deformation of greater than 1:20, subsequently extrudes at a temperature of less than 200 ° C, that is in the range of a hexagonal atomic structure is possible.
  • the advantages achieved by the invention are a much simpler and more economical production of the items, as well as improved quality of the parts.
  • the extrusion billets are taken transversely to the forming of the semifinished product, this results in an improved material flow during extrusion.
  • a microstructure of the material structure is set transversely to the forming direction with a grain size of less than 20 .mu.m.
  • a person skilled in the art can provide by means of his knowledge a corresponding degree of deformation of the cast bolt and / or by a heat treatment the material structure according to the invention.
  • the geometric shape of the extrusion billets is adjusted, in particular in the edge region of the mold, the conditions for a flow of the material and in particular the edge regions of the articles can be improved in their quality.
  • the slits are introduced with room temperature (RT) in the mold and extruded.
  • an improved tool for extrusion molding for the production of articles of magnesium, in particular magnesium wrought alloys, consisting essentially of a die and a relative to this relatively movable ram, is achieved in that the side gap between the die and punch against the pressing direction is increased.
  • An article of magnesium or a magnesium wrought alloy, produced by extrusion molding according to the inventive method, from a press block with hexagonal lattice structure of the material or at a temperature of less than 200 ° C and a wall thickness range of 0.1 - 13.6mm, preferably 0.5mm and smaller, in particular manufactured by means of a tool with the above geometry, has an improved quality with low production costs.
  • sample material used had the following chemical composition: material Zn Mn Zr Mg and impurities ZK31 3.0 1.0 rest ZM21 2.0 1.0 rest
  • 1 a shows a micrograph of a cast sample of the alloy ZM21 with a dendritic microstructure with grain sizes of 1 to 2 mm. Extrusion with a press rate of 1:26 achieves a reduction of the particle sizes to ⁇ 200 ⁇ m (FIG. 1 b).
  • Fig. 1 c illustrates the micrograph of a cast sample of the alloy ZK31, which has a mean grain size of 80 microns in the initial state. By extrusion at a press rate of 1:26, the grain size was reduced to ⁇ 30 microns. (Fig. 1d).
  • starting material of the alloys ZM21 and ZK312 was extruded with a compression ratio of 1: 9 and subsequently rolled into plates with a thickness of 22 mm.
  • the slabs were then heat treated at 350 ° C for one hour.
  • the slugs for the extrusion tests were taken from the slabs perpendicular to the rolling direction.
  • the particle size distribution after forging is significantly more homogeneous than for the ZM21.
  • the forged profiles were then heat treated at 375 ° C for one hour.
  • the slugs for the extrusion direction were taken from the forging samples perpendicular to the forging direction.
  • FIG. 3 shows such a tool optimized for the extrusion of magnesium with a background rotation in the area B.
  • the tool was heated by special heating elements in the matrix, as well as in the stamp to a temperature of below 200 ° C.
  • the starting material magnesium was preheated to a temperature of below 200 ° C.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
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Abstract

In the first stage, a cast bar is extruded to make a blank. The deformation ratio exceeds 1 : 20. For this stage, the microstructure of the material transversely to the direction of deformation, is modified to a grain size less than 20 mu m. One of the elements Zn, Mn , Ca, Si, Sb, Ag is added to the magnesium to manufacture the cast bar and/or up to 2 wt% Zr is added to refine the grain microstructure of the alloy. In the second stage, extrusion billets are produced from the blank; they are taken out at right angles to the direction of extrusion. In the third stage, the billets are extruded transversely to the direction of blank deformation, at room temperature or a temperature no greater than 200[deg] C. No lubricant is used. The shape of the billets is matched with that of the extrusion die, especially at the edges. The equipment used, includes a matrix or die, and a pressing plunger moving relatively to it. The billet alloy has a hexagonal lattice structure. Alternatively, using a temperature below 200[deg] C the wall thickness range is 0.1-13.6 mm, preferably 0,5 mm and less. Independent claims are included for the following: (A) corresponding equipment; (B) and the object produced.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gegenständen aus Magnesium, insbesondere aus Magnesium-Knetlegierungen.The invention relates to a process for the production of articles made of magnesium, in particular magnesium wrought alloys.

Weiters bezieht sich die Erfindung auf ein Werkzeug zum Fließpressen und auf Gegenstände aus vorgenannten Legierungen.Furthermore, the invention relates to a tool for extrusion and articles of the aforementioned alloys.

Das Umformvermögen eines Werkstoffes wird allgemein von vielen Faktoren beeinflusst: den Werkstoffeigenschaften (Kristallgitter, chemische Zusammensetzung, Gefügezustand, Anisotropie), den thermodynamischen Bedingungen (thermisch aktivierte Prozesse, Umformgeschwindigkeit), dem Umformverhalten (Reibung, Geometrie der Umformzone, Werkzeuggeometrie, Umformgeschichte) und dem Spannungszustand bei der Umformung.The forming capacity of a material is generally influenced by many factors: the material properties (crystal lattice, chemical composition, microstructure, anisotropy), the thermodynamic conditions (thermally activated processes, forming speed), the forming behavior (friction, geometry of the forming zone, tool geometry, forming history) and the Stress condition during forming.

Magnesiumlegierungen sind aufgrund ihrer hexagonalen Gitterstruktur bei Raumtemperatur nur sehr bedingt umformbar. Metallen mit hexagonaler Gitterstruktur steht bei Raumtemperatur nur ein Gleitsystem (Gleiten in der Basisebene), sowie Zwillingsbildung für eine plastische Verformung zur Verfügung, im Gegensatz zu Metallen mit kubisch-flächenzentrierter Gitterstruktur mit 5 unabhängigen Gleitsystemen. Erst bei einer Temperatur über 225°C werden weitere pyramidale Gleitebenen aktiviert.Due to their hexagonal lattice structure, magnesium alloys can only be formed to a limited extent at room temperature. Metals with a hexagonal lattice structure are only able to glide in the base plane at room temperature, as well as twinning for plastic deformation, unlike metals with cubic face-centered lattice structure with 5 independent sliding systems. Only at a temperature above 225 ° C are more pyramidal slip planes activated.

H.-W. Wagener ["Deep drawing and impact extrusion of magnesium alloys at room temperature", Advanced Engineering Materials 2003, 5, No. 4 und " Fließpressen von Magnesium-Knet- und Gusslegierungen", Blech, Rohre, Profile, UTF Science I/2002 ] versuchte bei Fließpressexperimenten mit Magnesiumlegierungen das geringe Umformvermögen durch Vergrößerung des hydrostatischen Druckanteiles zu kompensieren. Die Druckspannungsüberlagerung wird durch die Verwendung eines geschlossenen Werkzeuges mit nicht hinterdrehten Matrizen bzw. nicht hinterdrehten Stempeln (Vorwärts-Fließpressen) erreicht. Während der Umformung wirken entgegen der Fließpressrichtung ein oder zwei kraftbeaufschlagte Stempel. Versuche bei Raumtemperatur mit ZK60A mittels Voll-Vorwärts-Fließpressens mit Gegendruck liefern kein befriedigendes Ergebnis. Aber eine Erhöhung der Probentemperatur auf 250°C - 400°C führt auch bei nicht erwärmten Werkzeugen zu fehlerfreien Werkstücken. Aufgrund der begrenzten Duktilität der untersuchten Legierungen (AE42HP, AM20HP, AM70HP, AZ91 HP, AZ31 B, AZ80, ZK60A) ist ein rissfreies Vorwärts-Fließpressen mit Gegendruck nur bedingt möglich. Durch das Voll-Vorwärts-Fließpressen mit Gegendruck können einwandfreie Werkstücke nur mit erhöhtem Gegendruck oder bei höheren Umformtemperaturen erzielt werden. H.-W. Wagener ["Deep drawing and impact extrusion of magnesium alloys at room temperature", Advanced Engineering Materials 2003, 5, no. 4 and " Extrusion of magnesium wrought and cast alloys ", sheet metal, tubes, profiles, UTF Science I / 2002 ] attempted to compensate for low forming capacity by increasing the hydrostatic pressure component in extrusion press experiments with magnesium alloys. The compressive stress superposition is achieved by using a closed tool with non-back-turned dies or non-back-turned dies (forward extrusion). During the deformation, one or two force-loaded punches counteract the extrusion direction. Room temperature ZK60A full-forward flow-compression tests do not provide a satisfactory result. But an increase in sample temperature 250 ° C - 400 ° C leads to defect-free workpieces even with non-heated tools. Due to the limited ductility of the tested alloys (AE42HP, AM20HP, AM70HP, AZ91HP, AZ31B, AZ80, ZK60A), crack-free forward extrusion with backpressure is only conditionally possible. With full-forward extrusion with back pressure, flawless workpieces can only be achieved with increased back pressure or at higher forming temperatures.

Die Erfindung setzt sich zum Ziel, ein Verfahren anzugeben, mittels welchem Gegenstände aus Magnesium, insbesondere Magnesium-Knetlegierungen fehlerfrei bei niedrigen Temperaturen fließgepresst werden können.The invention has for its object to provide a method by means of which objects made of magnesium, in particular magnesium wrought alloys can be pressed free of defects at low temperatures.

Eine weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung ist die Schaffung eines verbesserten Werkzeuges zur Herstellung von Gegenständen aus Magnesium, insbesondere Magnesium-Knetlegierungen.Another object of the invention is to provide an improved tool for the manufacture of articles of magnesium, in particular magnesium wrought alloys.

Das Ziel wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erreicht, indem in einem ersten Schritt aus einem Gussbolzen durch Umformprozesse, wie Strangpressen, mit einem Verformungsgrad von größer 1:20 ein Halbzeug hergestellt wird, aus welchem in einem zweiten Schritt Fließpressbutzen gefertigt werden und diese in einem dritten Schritt bei einer Temperatur von unter 200°C zu Gegenständen fließgepresst werden.The goal is achieved in a method of the type mentioned above, in a first step from a cast bolt by forming processes, such as extrusion, with a degree of deformation of greater than 1:20 a semi-finished is made from which in a second step Fließpressbutzen be made and this be extruded in a third step at a temperature of below 200 ° C to objects.

Für den Fachmann überraschend hat sich gezeigt, dass Magnesium oder eine Magnesium-Knetlegierung, wenn dieses (diese) im ersten Schritt einer Verformung, insbesondere einer Warmumformung, mit einem Verformungsgrad von größer 1:20 unterworfen wird, in der Folge ein Fließpressen mit einer Temperatur von unter 200°C, also im Bereich einer hexagonalen Atomstruktur ermöglicht ist. Die durch die Erfindung erreichten Vorteile sind eine wesentlich einfachere und wirtschaftliche Fertigung der Gegenstände, sowie eine verbesserte Güte der Teile.Surprisingly, it has been found by a person skilled in the art that magnesium or a magnesium wrought alloy, when subjected to deformation, in particular hot working, in the first step, with a degree of deformation of greater than 1:20, subsequently extrudes at a temperature of less than 200 ° C, that is in the range of a hexagonal atomic structure is possible. The advantages achieved by the invention are a much simpler and more economical production of the items, as well as improved quality of the parts.

Wenn, wie in günstiger Weise vorgesehen sein kann, im zweiten Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens die Fließpressbutzen quer zur Umformrichtung des Halbzeuges entnommen werden, so ergibt sich daraus ein verbesserter Materialfluss beim Fließpressen.If, as may be provided in a favorable manner, in the second step of the method according to the invention the extrusion billets are taken transversely to the forming of the semifinished product, this results in an improved material flow during extrusion.

Dieser vorgenannte Effekt kann weiter verstärkt werden, wenn im dritten Schritt des Verfahrens die Butzen senkrecht zur Verformungsrichtung des Halbzeuges fließgepresst werden.This aforementioned effect can be further enhanced if, in the third step of the method, the slugs are extruded perpendicularly to the deformation direction of the semifinished product.

Als besonders vorteilhaft wurde erkannt, wenn im ersten Schritt des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens eine Mikrostruktur des Werkstoffgefüges quer zur Umformrichtung mit einer Korngröße von weniger als 20µm eingestellt wird. Ein Fachmann kann mittels seines Wissens einen entsprechenden Umformgrad des Gussbolzens und/oder durch eine Wärmebehandlung die erfindungsgemäße Werkstoffstruktur vorsehen.It has been found to be particularly advantageous if in the first step of the method according to the invention, a microstructure of the material structure is set transversely to the forming direction with a grain size of less than 20 .mu.m. A person skilled in the art can provide by means of his knowledge a corresponding degree of deformation of the cast bolt and / or by a heat treatment the material structure according to the invention.

Wenn gemäß einer Variante der Erfindung durch Zusatz von mindestens einem Element aus der Gruppe Zink (Zn), Mangan (Mn), Calcium (Ca), Silicium (Si), Antimon (Sb), Silber (Ag) zum Magnesium bei der Herstellung des Gussbolzens eine Magnesiumlegierung erstellt und/oder durch Zusatz von Zirconium (Zr) bis zu 2.0 Gew.-% eine Kornfeinung der Mikrostruktur des Werkstoffes vorgenommen wird, können besonders günstige Eigenschaften und/oder eine wirksame Feinkornstruktur des Werkstoffes erreicht werden, was sich höchst vorteilhaft auf die Fließpressbedingungen beim dritten Schritt des Verfahrens auswirken und die Güte auch kompliziert geformter und dünnwandiger Gegenstände verbessern kann.If, according to a variant of the invention, by adding at least one element from the group zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), silver (Ag) to the magnesium in the preparation of Gussbolzens created a magnesium alloy and / or by adding zirconium (Zr) up to 2.0 wt .-% grain refinement of the microstructure of the material is made, particularly favorable properties and / or an effective fine grain structure of the material can be achieved, which is highly advantageous can affect the extrusion conditions in the third step of the process and improve the quality even complicated shaped and thin-walled objects.

Verfahrenstechnisch, aber auch wirtschaftlich hat es sich als besonders günstig erwiesen, wenn im dritten Schritt die Butzen schmiermittelfrei fließgepresst werden. Diese Erkenntnis war besonders überraschend für einen Fachmann auf dem Gebiete des Fließpressens von Leichtmetallen.Processually, but also economically, it has proven to be particularly favorable if the slugs are extruded lubricant-free in the third step. This finding was particularly surprising for a person skilled in the field of extrusion of light metals.

Wenn nach der Erfindung die geometrische Form der Fließpressbutzen insbesondere im Kantenbereich der Form der Werkzeuge angepasst wird, können die Bedingungen für ein Fließen des Werkstoffs und insbesondere die Randbereiche der Gegenstände in ihrer Güte verbessert werden.If, according to the invention, the geometric shape of the extrusion billets is adjusted, in particular in the edge region of the mold, the conditions for a flow of the material and in particular the edge regions of the articles can be improved in their quality.

Produktionstechnische Vorteile, aber auch hohe Wirtschaftlichkeit sind gegeben, wenn gemäß der Erfindung die Butzen mit Raumtemperatur (RT) in das Werkzeug eingebracht und fließgepresst werden.Production advantages, but also high efficiency are given if according to the invention, the slits are introduced with room temperature (RT) in the mold and extruded.

Für besondere Formate der herzustellenden Gegenstände und gegebenenfalls für eine Erhöhung der Zähigkeit der Werkzeuge kann auch vorgesehen sein, dass im dritten Schritt ein Fließpressen des Butzens mit Werkzeugen erfolgt, die eine erhöhte Temperatur, jedoch von höchstens 200°C, aufweisen.For special formats of the articles to be produced and, if appropriate, for an increase in the toughness of the tools, provision may also be made for extruding the billet in the third step using tools which have an elevated temperature but not more than 200.degree.

Die weitere Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein verbessertes Werkzeug für ein Fließpressen zur Herstellung von Gegenständen aus Magnesium, insbesondere Magnesium-Knetlegierungen, bestehend im Wesentlichen aus einer Matrize und einem zu dieser relativ bewegbaren Pressstempel, wird dadurch gelöst, dass der Seitenspalt zwischen Matrize und Stempel gegen die Pressrichtung vergrößert ist. Durch diese Werkzeuggeometrie kann das Fließen des Werkstoffes im Spalt vorteilhaft verbessert werden.The further object of the invention, an improved tool for extrusion molding for the production of articles of magnesium, in particular magnesium wrought alloys, consisting essentially of a die and a relative to this relatively movable ram, is achieved in that the side gap between the die and punch against the pressing direction is increased. By this tool geometry, the flow of the material in the gap can be advantageously improved.

Ein Gegenstand aus Magnesium oder einer Magnesium-Knetlegierung, hergestellt durch Fließpressen nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren, aus einem Pressbutzen mit hexagonaler Gitterstruktur des Werkstoffes bzw. mit einer Temperatur von unter 200°C und einem Wandstärkenbereich von 0.1 - 13.6mm, vorzugsweise von 0.5mm und geringer, insbesondere hergestellt mittels eines Werkzeuges mit obiger Geometrie, weist eine verbesserte Güte bei geringen Fertigungskosten auf.An article of magnesium or a magnesium wrought alloy, produced by extrusion molding according to the inventive method, from a press block with hexagonal lattice structure of the material or at a temperature of less than 200 ° C and a wall thickness range of 0.1 - 13.6mm, preferably 0.5mm and smaller, in particular manufactured by means of a tool with the above geometry, has an improved quality with low production costs.

Anhand von Beispielen aus den Entwicklungen soll die Erfindung näher erläutert werden.Based on examples from the developments, the invention will be explained in more detail.

Das verwendete Probematerial wies die nachfolgend angeführte, chemische Zusammensetzung auf: Werkstoff Zn Mn Zr Mg und Verunreinigungen ZK31 3.0 1.0 Rest ZM21 2.0 1.0 Rest The sample material used had the following chemical composition: material Zn Mn Zr Mg and impurities ZK31 3.0 1.0 rest ZM21 2.0 1.0 rest

Stranggussbolzen aus ZM21 (Korngröße ca. 1 - 2mm) und aus ZK31 (Korngröße ca. 80µm) wurden mit unterschiedlichem Pressverhältnis (1:5, 1:9, 1:14, 1:20, 1:26) stranggepresst.Continuous casting bolts of ZM21 (grain size approx. 1 - 2mm) and of ZK31 (grain size approx. 80μm) were extruded with different press ratios (1: 5, 1: 9, 1:14, 1:20, 1:26).

Die metallographische Untersuchung des stranggepressten Vormaterials ergab, dass die Pressverhältnisse 1:5 und 1:9 zu gering sind, um eine vollständige Durchknetung zu erreichen.The metallographic examination of the extruded starting material showed that the pressing ratios of 1: 5 and 1: 9 are too low to achieve complete kneading.

Strangpressen mit einem Pressverhältnis von 1:20, insbesondere von 1:26 führt hingegen zu einer deutlichen Reduzierung der Korngröße. Die Gefügeausbildungen des Gusszustandes und des stranggepressten Materials (Pressverhältnis PV = 1:26) sind in den Fig. 1a - 1 d dargestellt. Die Fig. 1 a zeigt ein Schliffbild einer Guss-Probe der Legierung ZM21 mit einem dendritischen Gefüge mit Korngrößen von 1 - 2mm. Durch Strangpressen mit einer Pressrate von 1:26 wird eine Reduktion der Korngrößen auf < 200µm erzielt (Fig. 1 b). Die Fig. 1 c veranschaulicht das Schliffbild einer Gussprobe der Legierung ZK31, die im Ausgangszustand eine mittlere Korngröße von 80µm aufweist. Durch Strangpressen mit einer Pressrate von 1:26 wurde die Korngröße auf < 30µm reduziert. (Fig. 1d).Extrusion with a compression ratio of 1:20, in particular of 1:26, however, leads to a significant reduction in the grain size. The microstructures of the cast state and of the extruded material (press ratio PV = 1:26) are shown in FIGS. 1a-1d. 1 a shows a micrograph of a cast sample of the alloy ZM21 with a dendritic microstructure with grain sizes of 1 to 2 mm. Extrusion with a press rate of 1:26 achieves a reduction of the particle sizes to <200 μm (FIG. 1 b). Fig. 1 c illustrates the micrograph of a cast sample of the alloy ZK31, which has a mean grain size of 80 microns in the initial state. By extrusion at a press rate of 1:26, the grain size was reduced to <30 microns. (Fig. 1d).

ZM21 und ZK31 Strangpressprofile mit einem Pressverhältnis von 1:9 und 1:14 wurden gewalzt bzw. geschmiedet und wärmebehandelt.ZM21 and ZK31 extruded profiles with a 1: 9 and 1: 14 press ratio were rolled or forged and heat treated.

Aus Gussblöcken mit einem Durchmesser von 109mm wurde Vormaterial der Legierungen ZM21 und ZK312 mit einem Pressverhältnis von 1:9 stranggepresst und in der Folge zu Platten mit einer Dicke von 22mm gewalzt. Die Walzplatten wurden anschließend bei 350°C eine Stunde wärmebehandelt. Die Butzen für die Fließpressversuche wurden den Walzplatten senkrecht zur Walzrichtung entnommen.From ingots with a diameter of 109mm, starting material of the alloys ZM21 and ZK312 was extruded with a compression ratio of 1: 9 and subsequently rolled into plates with a thickness of 22 mm. The slabs were then heat treated at 350 ° C for one hour. The slugs for the extrusion tests were taken from the slabs perpendicular to the rolling direction.

Mit einem Pressverhältnis von 1:9 und 1:14 stranggepresste Profile aus ZM21 und ZK31 wurden durch Schmieden weiter umgeformt. Die ZM21 Profile wurden vor dem Schmieden auf 390°C und die ZK31 Profile auf 450°C aufgewärmt. Die Korngrößenverteilung der geschmiedeten ZM21 Profile war wegen des geringen Pressverhältnisses inhomogen.With a press ratio of 1: 9 and 1:14 extruded profiles of ZM21 and ZK31 were further formed by forging. The ZM21 profiles were heated to 390 ° C before forging and the ZK31 profiles to 450 ° C. The grain size distribution of the forged ZM21 profiles was inhomogeneous due to the low compression ratio.

Bei ZK31 mit einem Pressverhältnis von 1:14 ist die Korngrößenverteilung nach dem Schmieden signifikant homogener als beim ZM21. Die geschmiedeten Profile wurden anschließend bei 375°C eine Stunde wärmebehandelt. Die Butzen für die Fließpressrichtung wurden den Schmiedeproben senkrecht zur Schmiederichtung entnommen.For ZK31 with a press ratio of 1:14, the particle size distribution after forging is significantly more homogeneous than for the ZM21. The forged profiles were then heat treated at 375 ° C for one hour. The slugs for the extrusion direction were taken from the forging samples perpendicular to the forging direction.

Vorerst erfolgte mit einer hydraulischen 100t Presse sowie einer 600t Kniehelbelpresse im Temperaturbereich 300°C - 120°C aus dem ZM21- und ZK31-Vormaterial ein Fließpressen von becherartigen Teilen mit einer Wandstärke von 3.6mm und einer Schenkellänge von 20mm. Bis zu einer Temperatur von 150°C konnten durchwegs Gutteile hergestellt werden. Fließpressversuche bei 100 °C waren in dieser Versuchsreihe bei keiner Legierung erfolgreich.For the time being, extrusion of cup-shaped parts with a wall thickness of 3.6 mm and a side length of 20 mm was carried out with a hydraulic 100t press and a 600t knee press in the temperature range 300 ° C - 120 ° C from the ZM21 and ZK31 starting material. Up to a temperature of 150 ° C, good parts could be produced throughout. Extrusion tests at 100 ° C were successful in this series of tests in any alloy.

Die metallographische Untersuchung der Fließpressteile ergab, dass im kritischen Umformungsbereich am Becherboden bei höheren Temperaturen (T > 150°C) und hohem Pressverhältnis der Fließlinienverlauf nahezu parallel zur Fließpressrichtung verläuft. Bei Fließpressversuchen bei niedrigen Temperaturen bzw. geringerem Pressverhältnis des Vormaterials kommt es in dieser Zone zu einer Verwerfung und infolgedessen auch zur Rissbildung.The metallographic examination of the extruded parts showed that in the critical deformation area at the cup bottom at higher temperatures (T> 150 ° C) and high pressure ratio, the flow line course runs almost parallel to the extrusion direction. During extrusion tests at low temperatures or lower compression ratio of the starting material there is a fault in this zone and consequently also cracking.

Durch eine Verbesserung der Gefügestruktur erbrachten die Fließpressversuche mit einer Wandstärke von 1.5mm und 90mm Schenkellänge bei Verwendung der Legierung ZK31 mit einen Werkzeug gemäß Fig. 2 durchwegs einwandfreie Teile. Bei der Legierung ZM21 traten am Becherrand vereinzelt kleine Risse auf.By improving the microstructure yielded the extrusion tests with a wall thickness of 1.5mm and 90mm leg length when using the alloy ZK31 with a tool according to FIG. 2 consistently flawless parts. Occasionally small cracks appeared on the rim of the alloy ZM21.

Um eine weitere Verbesserung der Umformbarkeit zu erzielen, wurden, aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen der ersten Versuche, die Geometrien der Fließpresswerkzeuge modifiziert. Die Fig. 3 zeigt ein solches, für das Fließpressen von Magnesium optimiertes Werkzeug mit einer Hinterdrehung im Bereich B.In order to further improve the formability, based on the findings of the first experiments, the geometries of the extrusion tools were modified. FIG. 3 shows such a tool optimized for the extrusion of magnesium with a background rotation in the area B.

Die nächsten Versuche wurden mit diesem optimierten Werkzeug durchgeführt, wobei Muster mit Wandstärken von 1.5mm, 0.7mm, 0.5mm, 0.35mm sowie 0.25mm gepresst wurden.The next experiments were carried out with this optimized tool, with samples with wall thicknesses of 1.5mm, 0.7mm, 0.5mm, 0.35mm and 0.25mm were pressed.

Das Werkzeug wurde durch spezielle Heizelemente in der Matrize, als auch im Stempel auf eine Temperatur von unter 200°C aufgeheizt. Bei diesen Versuchen wurde auch das Vormaterial (Magnesium) auf eine Temperatur von unter 200°C vorgewärmt.The tool was heated by special heating elements in the matrix, as well as in the stamp to a temperature of below 200 ° C. In these experiments, the starting material (magnesium) was preheated to a temperature of below 200 ° C.

Da der Prozess des stabilen Butzenvorwärmens mit ca. 200°C in der Serienproduktion eine technische Herausforderung darstellt und zusätzliche, beträchtliche Produktionskosten verursacht, war es auch ein Ziel der vorliegenden Erfindung, Magnesium wie Aluminium bei Raumtemperatur umzuformen. Hierzu wurde bei den Versuchen mit 0.5mm Wandstärke die Butzenvorwärmtemperatur kontinuierlich gesenkt, bis es gelungen ist die Legierung ZK31 auch bei Raumtemperatur mit vorgeheizten Werkzeugen zu verpressen.Since the process of stable slug preheating at about 200 ° C in mass production poses a technical challenge and causes additional, considerable production costs, it was also an object of the present invention to transform magnesium such as aluminum at room temperature. For this purpose, the Butzenvorwärmtemperatur was continuously reduced in the experiments with 0.5mm wall thickness, until it was possible to press the alloy ZK31 even at room temperature with preheated tools.

In der letzten Versuchsreihe erfolgte bei Einzelteilen die Herstellung von Bechern mit einer Wandstärke von 0.35mm in einer fehlerfreien Umformung bei Raumtemperatur.In the last series of experiments, the production of cups with a wall thickness of 0.35 mm in a faultless forming at room temperature was carried out for individual parts.

Claims (11)

Verfahren zur Herstellung von Gegenständen aus Magnesium, insbesondere Magnesium-Knetlegierungen, durch Fließpressen, wobei in einem ersten Schritt aus einem Gussbolzen durch Umformprozesse wie Strangpressen mit einem Verformungsgrad von größer als 1:20 ein Halbzeug hergestellt wird, aus welchem in einem zweiten Schritt Fließpressbutzen gefertigt werden, und diese in einem dritten Schritt bei einer Temperatur von unter 200°C zu Gegenständen fließgepresst werden.Process for the production of articles from magnesium, in particular magnesium wrought alloys, by extrusion, wherein in a first step from a cast bolt by forming processes such as extrusion with a degree of deformation of greater than 1:20 a semifinished product is produced from which produced in a second step Fließpressbutzen and in a third step they are extruded into articles at a temperature below 200 ° C. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, wobei im zweiten Schritt die Fließpressbutzen quer zur Umformrichtung des Halbzeuges entnommen werden.The method of claim 1, wherein in the second step, the Fließpressbutzen be removed transversely to the forming direction of the semi-finished product. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, wobei im dritten Schritt die Butzen senkrecht zur Verformungsrichtung vom Halbzeug fließgepresst werden.Method according to one of claims 1 or 2, wherein in the third step, the slugs are extruded perpendicularly to the deformation direction of the semifinished product. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, wobei im ersten Schritt eine Mikrostruktur des Werkstoffes quer zur Umformrichtung mit einer Korngröße von weniger als 20µm eingestellt wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 3, wherein in the first step, a microstructure of the material is set transversely to the forming direction with a grain size of less than 20 microns. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei durch Zusatz von mindestens einem Element aus der Gruppe Zink (Zn), Mangan (Mn), Calcium (Ca), Silizium (Si), Antimon (Sb), Silber (Ag) zum Magnesium bei der Herstellung des Gussbolzens eine Magnesiumlegierung erstellt und/oder durch Zusatz von Zirconium (Zr) bis 2.0 Gew.-% eine Kornfeinung der Mikrostruktur des Werkstoffes vorgenommen wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein by addition of at least one element from the group zinc (Zn), manganese (Mn), calcium (Ca), silicon (Si), antimony (Sb), silver (Ag) to magnesium In the production of the cast bolt, a magnesium alloy is created and / or a grain refinement of the microstructure of the material is carried out by adding zirconium (Zr) to 2.0% by weight. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, wobei im dritten Schritt die Butzen schmiermittelfrei fließgepresst werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein in the third step, the slugs are pressed free of lubricant. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei die geometrische Form der Fließpressbutzen, insbesondere im Kantenbereich der Form der Werkzeuge angepasst wird.Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the geometric shape of the extrusion billets, in particular in the edge region of the mold of the tools is adjusted. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei die Butzen mit Raumtemperatur (RT) in das Werkzeug eingebracht und fließgepresst werden.Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the slits are introduced at room temperature (RT) in the tool and extruded. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei im dritten Schritt ein Fließpressen des Butzens mit Werkzeugen erfolgt, die eine erhöhte Temperatur, jedoch von höchstens 200°C, aufweisen.Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, wherein in the third step extrusion of the Butzens done with tools having an elevated temperature, but not more than 200 ° C. Werkzeug für ein Fließpressen zur Herstellung von Gegenständen aus Magnesium, insbesondere Magnesium-Knetlegierungen, bestehend im Wesentlichen aus einer Matrize und einem zu dieser relativ bewegbaren Pressstempel.Tool for extruding for the production of objects made of magnesium, in particular magnesium wrought alloys, consisting essentially of a die and a relatively movable to this punch. Gegenstand aus einer Magnesium-Knetlegierung, hergestellt nach dem Fließpressverfahren gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bis 9 aus Pressbutzen mit hexagonaler Gitterstruktur des Werkstoffes bzw. mit einer Temperatur von unter 200°C und einem Wandstärkenbereich von 0.1 - 13.6mm, vorzugsweise von 0,5mm und geringer, insbesondere mittels eines Werkzeuges nach Anspruch 10.The article of a magnesium wrought alloy, produced by the extrusion method according to claims 1 to 9 from press blocks with hexagonal lattice structure of the material or with a temperature of less than 200 ° C and a wall thickness range of 0.1 - 13.6mm, preferably 0.5mm and less , in particular by means of a tool according to claim 10.
EP07450179A 2006-10-09 2007-10-09 Method for impact extrusion of magnesium forgeable alloys and workpiece manufactured thereby Active EP1941953B1 (en)

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