EP1939360A1 - Method and device for inserting elongated profiles into a foundation - Google Patents
Method and device for inserting elongated profiles into a foundation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1939360A1 EP1939360A1 EP07024926A EP07024926A EP1939360A1 EP 1939360 A1 EP1939360 A1 EP 1939360A1 EP 07024926 A EP07024926 A EP 07024926A EP 07024926 A EP07024926 A EP 07024926A EP 1939360 A1 EP1939360 A1 EP 1939360A1
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- profile
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- ground
- dynamic stress
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/24—Prefabricated piles
- E02D5/28—Prefabricated piles made of steel or other metals
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
- E02D7/02—Placing by driving
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D7/00—Methods or apparatus for placing sheet pile bulkheads, piles, mouldpipes, or other moulds
- E02D7/02—Placing by driving
- E02D7/06—Power-driven drivers
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for introducing elongated profiles, in particular precast piles, with a head end and a foot in a ground, wherein the profile is exposed at its head end ramming and / or vibration with a ballast and an arrangement for introducing profiles, in particular precast piles , in a ground, with a feeding device in the form of a piling or vibrating device and at least one introduced into the ground profile with a head end and a foot.
- Elongated profiles are used in the form of piles, especially precast piles, for the founding of structures, if the ground is not sufficiently sustainable for a surface foundation. Furthermore, elongated profiles are used as sheet pile walls for vertical separation in buildings, including hydraulic structures.
- a related to the preamble of claim 1 prior art is known from DE 196 31 992 B4 known. From this it is known that vibrating bears which can be placed on the subsoil can have a vibrator whose vibration amplitude can be adjusted during operation and the vibration amplitude and vibration frequency are detected by a sensor.
- the measurements on the vibratory bear can not provide any relevant data on the dynamic loading of the profile during the insertion process and the static support function of the profile, as an immediate coupling of the vibrating bear on the profile is not possible.
- the sensor detects only the vibration amplitude and frequency, which can be derived no specific dynamic stress.
- a method according to DE 195 32 931 A1 relates to verifying the achieved load of a pile element by means of static load capacity measurement after the insertion process.
- the load capacity measurement is recorded by means of high-precision settlement sensor in the form of force-settlement curves.
- a dynamic load is not measured on the profile.
- the DE 197 40 800 B4 describes a method for placing planks in soil, in which a thixotropic bentonite suspension serves as a lubricating and rinsing agent, wherein a permanent computer-controlled control of the emitted vibrations takes place via permanent measuring points.
- the insertion process can be gentle on the profile during the insertion process from the dynamic load measurements directly on the profile be introduced to be introduced profile.
- the measurement data provide information that can be derived simultaneously for testing the static support function during the introduction process.
- the introduction parameters can thus be regulated and a termination criterion can be determined.
- this is achieved in that one or more sensors are arranged directly on the profile for measuring the dynamic load of the profile during insertion, wherein means for controlling the introduction device are provided depending on the measurement results.
- a maximum load of the profile is specified as the first limit value, which is constantly compared with the measured dynamic load, and when the first limit value is exceeded, the instantaneous load during the insertion process is reduced. Subsequently, the load during the introduction process, for example, the height of a pile, the pile mass itself or by the pulse strength in hydraulic or pneumatic hammers, Vibrationseinbringbacter the frequency of an imbalance, the imbalance torque and / or load, gradually increased until the first limit at the measured dynamic stress is reached again.
- This scheme seeks to achieve a maximum feed rate while respecting a maximum allowable dynamic load for the profile.
- At least one transducer is a strain gauge
- strain / strain on the surface of the profile can be measured to determine the dynamic stress on the profile.
- the expansions or compressions occurring at the installation site of the sensor on the profile are thus detected during the insertion process.
- at least one sensor is an accelerometer
- Both the strain gauges as well as the accelerometer should be aligned with their measuring direction parallel to the direction of insertion of the profile, since in this spatial component, the largest accelerations and the original strains / compressions occur.
- other components of the expansions or accelerations can also be detected.
- the sensor (s) are located near the head end of the profile, preferably at a distance below the head end of about three times the cross-sectional dimension of the profile, damage to the transducers can be prevented by the immediate load on the load input (impact of the ram weight on the head end) , However, the sensors are immediately after the introduction of the profile in the access area. After completion of the Einbringvorganges the sensors can thus be removed easily and attached to the next profile. This arrangement is suitable with the ever-present access lines for rough use on construction sites.
- the sensors preferably measure strains and compressions as well as accelerations which are calculated directly in real time in a control unit as a means for controlling the introduction device in the form of an evaluation.
- a control unit as a means for controlling the introduction device in the form of an evaluation.
- CASE or KOLYMBAS a method of CASE or KOLYMBAS
- the static load bearing capacity is calculated from the dynamic measurements in real time and these values are compared with a second threshold value indicating the required static payload, terminating the loading operation of the profile when the dynamic measured and calculated in real time static load capacity exceeds the second limit.
- a termination criterion of the introduction process is specified.
- Device parameters that have an influence on the load during the insertion process are in the ramming the height of fall of the pile, and possibly the pile mass itself or in hydraulic or pneumatic hammers the pulse strength.
- these are the frequency of the unbalance, the imbalance torque and the load.
- these device parameters are constantly adapted during insertion so that damage to the profile itself is ruled out, the introduction then ends as soon as the pile has sufficiently engaged and thus has reached its static support function and the introduction takes place in such a way that damage to the environment is prevented becomes.
- Fig. 1 is shown in a vertical section an already partially introduced into a ground B profile 1 in the form of a precast pile.
- the precast pile 1 has an elongated profiled body 10, which has essentially the same cross section over its longitudinal extension, with a lower foot end 12 and a head end 11.
- the ground B consists of an upper, relatively densely supported layer B 1 , an underlying soft layer B 2 , an underlying gravel or debris layer B 3 of small thickness and an underlying load-bearing layer B 4 , in which also planned target depth for the precast pile 1 is.
- a piling device 2 In order to introduce the precast pile 1 in the ground B, according to the embodiment Fig. 1 a piling device 2 is used.
- the piling device 2 has a ramming mass 21, which is guided vertically guided to a free fall height h. From this height h then the ramming mass 21 is guided in free fall on the head end 11 of the precast pile 1. At the head end 11 thus takes place the load introduction of each ram beat.
- the sensors 4 are attached outside the precast pile 1 sensors 4 are attached.
- the sensors 4 are removed from the head end 11 of the precast pile 1 by about three times the dimensional cross-section of the profile body 10.
- the Mossaufillon 4 are formed in the form of a strain gauge 41 and an accelerometer 42.
- the strain gauge 41 detects strains / compressions in the insertion direction (Z direction).
- the accelerometer 42 detects accelerations acting in the Z direction.
- a geophone 43 for detecting the vibrations in the vicinity of the insertion point is arranged on the surface of the ground B.
- a control unit 5 with a data acquisition and evaluation unit 50 is provided. From the strain gauge 41, accelerometer 42 and geophone 43 effective lines 44 are provided to the evaluation unit 50. From the control unit 5, an active line 51 leads to the piling device 2, which regulates there the free fall height h as a function of the measured and processed values from the strain gauge 41, the acceleration transducer 42 and the geophone 43.
- the piling device 2 is started by the control unit 5 after setting up and aligning the profile 1 to be introduced.
- the Einbrihgvorgang can start with a mean drop height h or be increased immediately starting with a smaller drop height. If the limit values stored in the control unit, namely first limit value for the maximum load of the profile to be introduced, second limit value for the required embedment depth and third limit for the maximum vibrations occurring in the environment is not exceeded, the fall height h is increased in each case for the next heat. As soon as one or more of the three limit values are reached, the drop height is not further increased or, if at least one limit value is exceeded, reduced again or the introduction process is ended.
- the introduction process is controlled automatically, with a maximum Rammfort Kunststoff is achieved while avoiding unacceptable compressive or tensile stresses in the profile.
- the insertion process is also aborted, since the required static support function of the profile 1 is then achieved on the basis of the measured values of the sensors 4 and the real-time evaluation of the measured values according to the method of CASE or KOLYMBAS.
- Another introduction of the profile 1 would mean a not necessary pile depth, meaning unnecessary costs. The control can prevent damage and excessive damage.
- a vibrating device 3 for introducing the precast pile 1 in the ground B is shown.
- Functionally matching components are given the same reference numerals as for the embodiment according to Fig. 1 designated.
- the vibration device 3 has at least one imbalance 31, which transmits a vibration to the head end 11 of the profile 1, usually hydraulically driven.
- a static load F stat which can initiate the periodic vibration generated by the imbalance 31 in the precast pile 1.
- the control unit 5 associated data acquisition and evaluation unit 50 detects and in turn processed by the sensors, namely strain gauges 41 and accelerometer 42 and additional geophone 43 recorded signals to adjust in the control unit 5, the dynamic stress of the profile 1.
- Controlled variables are the frequency of the unbalance ⁇ , which can be adjusted by the rotational speed of the electric motor of the unbalance 31, the unbalance torque m, which can be adjusted in particular by changing the radial distance of the unbalanced mass to its axis of rotation, and the static load F stat , the can be adjusted by a weight change and / or hydraulic Auflastabstützung.
- the dynamic load during the insertion process is adapted to the respective situation in the ground B on the basis of measured values detected by strain gages 41 and accelerometer 42 with real-time evaluation in the evaluation unit 50 and control unit 5.
- the control unit 5 the controlled variable static force F stat , unbalance frequency ⁇ and / or unbalance moment m changed accordingly.
- Damage to the profile during insertion can be avoided with the method and arrangement according to the invention for introducing elongate profiles. Furthermore, the introduction can be terminated as soon as the profile fulfills its static support function. The introduction process is nevertheless carried out at maximum introduction speed, resulting in a total of high quality and cost-effectiveness. The expense of attaching and cabling the sensors to the profile to be introduced is considered to be low compared to improvements in quality and cost-effectiveness. The regulation for the introduction process thus also allows a full or partial automation, which should bring further quality improvement and production increase.
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Placing Or Removing Of Piles Or Sheet Piles, Or Accessories Thereof (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
- Consolidation Of Soil By Introduction Of Solidifying Substances Into Soil (AREA)
- Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Einbringen von langgestreckten Profilen, insbesondere Fertigteilpfählen, mit einem Kopfende und einem Fußende in einen Baugrund, wobei das Profil an seinem Kopfende Rammschlägen und/oder Vibrationen mit einer Auflast ausgesetzt wird und eine Anordnung zum Einbringen von Profilen, insbesondere Fertigteilpfählen, in einen Baugrund, mit einer Einbringvorrichtung in Form einer Ramm- oder Vibrationsvorrichtung sowie wenigstens einem in den Baugrund einzubringenden Profil mit einem Kopfende und einem Fußende.The invention relates to a method for introducing elongated profiles, in particular precast piles, with a head end and a foot in a ground, wherein the profile is exposed at its head end ramming and / or vibration with a ballast and an arrangement for introducing profiles, in particular precast piles , in a ground, with a feeding device in the form of a piling or vibrating device and at least one introduced into the ground profile with a head end and a foot.
Langgestreckte Profile werden in Form von Pfählen, insbesondere Fertigteilpfählen, zur Gründung von Bauwerken eingesetzt, wenn der Baugrund für eine Oberflächengründung nicht ausreichend tragfähig ist. Ferner werden langgestreckte Profile als Spundwände zur vertikalen Abtrennung bei Bauwerken, auch Wasserbauwerken, verwendet.Elongated profiles are used in the form of piles, especially precast piles, for the founding of structures, if the ground is not sufficiently sustainable for a surface foundation. Furthermore, elongated profiles are used as sheet pile walls for vertical separation in buildings, including hydraulic structures.
Das Einbringen dieser langgestreckten Profile in den Baugrund erfolgt im Wesentlichen durch Rammen oder Vibrieren. Zwar haben Betonfertigteilpfähle durch ihre Vorfertigung im Betonwerk eine gleichmäßig hohe Qualität, gleichwohl treten beim Einbringen in den Baugrund erhebliche Kräfte im Pfahl auf. Ebenso weisen zwar Spundwandprofile eine hohe elastische Festigkeit auf, gleichwohl tritt bei erhöhter Schlossreibung zweier ineinander gekoppelter Profile die Gefahr einer Schlosssprengung auf. Bei dicht gelagerten Schichten erhöht sich die Spitzenbelastung am Profil erheblich. Schichten aus Kies, Steinen oder Blöcken bilden ebenfalls ein starkes Hindernis. Treten weiche Schichten unter dicht gelagerten Schichten auf, besteht die Gefahr von übermäßigen Zugspannungen im Profil während der Einbringung. Singuläre Ereignisse im Untergrund, wie beispielsweise Findlinge oder alte Bausubstanz wie Kanäle, Tunnel, Bunker oder dergleichen führen zu plötzlich auftretenden Punktlasten, die häufig zu einer Zerstörung des einzubringenden Profils führen.The introduction of these elongated profiles in the ground is essentially by ramming or vibrating. Although prefabricated concrete piles have a consistently high quality due to their prefabrication in the concrete plant, considerable forces occur in the pile when introduced into the subsoil. Likewise, although sheet pile profiles have a high elastic strength, nevertheless occurs at increased castle friction of two nested profiles the risk of a lock blasting on. In dense layers, the peak load on the profile increases significantly. Layers of gravel, stones or blocks also form a strong obstacle. Step soft layers under densely layered layers On, there is the risk of excessive tensile stresses in the profile during insertion. Singular events in the underground, such as boulders or old structures such as canals, tunnels, bunkers or the like lead to sudden point loads, which often lead to the destruction of the profile to be introduced.
Bisher erfolgt eine Anpassung der Parameter zum Einbringen der Profile lediglich intuitiv durch den Geräteführer der Einbringvorrichtung. Bei einer Rammvorrichtung wird vom Geräteführer die Fallhöhe des Rammgewichts nach seinen Erfahrungen und den Vorgaben der Bauleitung gewählt. Die Unversehrtheit des Profils wird nach dem Einbringen meist nicht geprüft.So far, an adaptation of the parameters for introducing the profiles is only intuitive by the device operator of the introduction device. In the case of a piling device, the implement operator chooses the height of the piling weight according to his experience and the specifications of the construction management. The integrity of the profile is usually not checked after insertion.
Ferner ist insbesondere bei Pfählen mit Pfahlaufweitungshülse gemäß
Im Stand der Technik ist es bekannt, stichprobenartig mittels dynamischer Integritätsprüfung nach Fertigstellung des Einbringvorganges das eingebrachte Profil zu prüfen. Bei einer Spundwandherstellung kann unter günstigen Bedingungen aus den Rammprotokollen eine Schlosssprengung erkannt werden.In the prior art, it is known to randomly check the introduced profile by means of dynamic integrity testing after completion of the introduction process. In the case of a sheet piling, a rupture of the lock can be detected under favorable conditions from the pile logs.
Bei einer nachträglichen Abnahmeprüfung eines eingebrachten Pfahls kann dann zwar festgestellt werden, ob das Profil die geforderte Tragfunktion erzielt, jedoch kann sich dabei herausstellen, dass der Pfahl noch tiefer gerammt werden muss oder im anderen Fall, der Pfahl unnötig tief gerammt worden ist. Hierbei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass der Baugrund häufig starken räumlichen Schwankungen in seiner Art, Zusammensetzung und seinen physikalischen Eigenschaften unterliegt, die im Rahmen der Baugrunderkundung nicht zutreffend erfasst werden können.In a subsequent acceptance test of an introduced pile can then be determined whether the profile achieved the required support function, however, it may turn out that the pile has to be rammed even deeper or in the other case, the pile has been rammed unnecessarily low. It should be noted that the subsoil is often subject to strong spatial variations in its nature, composition and physical properties, which can not be detected correctly in the framework of the subsoil investigation.
Für die statische Tragfähigkeit eines eingebrachten Profils sind lediglich empirisch abgeleitete Rammformeln auf der Basis der letzten Hitzen (Rammschläge) bekannt. Für die Einbringung mittels Vibration gibt es hingegen keine Kriterien, mit denen auf die statische Tragfähigkeit derartig eingebrachter Profile geschlossen werden kann.For the static load capacity of an introduced profile only empirically derived ramming formulas on the basis of the last heat (ramming) are known. For the introduction by means of vibration, however, there are no criteria with which the static load-bearing capacity of profiles introduced in this way can be concluded.
Ein den Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 betreffender Stand der Technik ist aus der
Ferner ist aus der
Ferner ist in der
Ein Verfahren gemäß
Die
Demgegenüber ist es Aufgabe der Erfindung, Beschädigungen am einzubringenden Profil während des Einbringvorgangs zu vermeiden und Feststellungen treffen zu können, wann die mindestens erforderliche statische Tragfunktion des Profils erreicht wird.In contrast, it is an object of the invention to avoid damage to the profile to be introduced during the Einbringvorgangs and make findings, when the minimum required static support function of the profile is achieved.
Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe mit einem Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 1 und einer Anordnung gemäß Anspruch 8.This object is achieved with a method according to claim 1 and an arrangement according to claim 8.
Dadurch, dass beim Einbringvorgang die dynamische Beanspruchung unmittelbar am Profil gemessen wird und aus der gemessenen dynamischen Beanspruchung Regelgrößen für den Einbringvorgang hergeleitet werden, kann während des Einbringvorgangs aus den Messwerten der dynamischen Beanspruchung direkt am Profil der Einbringvorgang schonend für das einzubringende Profil geregelt werden. Ferner liefern die Messdaten Informationen, die zur Prüfung der statischen Tragfunktion beim Einbringvorgang simultan abgeleitet werden können. Durch die beim Einbringvorgang simultan erfassten Messwerte können somit die Einbringparameter geregelt sowie ein Abbruchkriterium ermittelt werden.Due to the fact that the dynamic load is measured directly on the profile during the insertion process and that controlled variables for the insertion process are derived from the measured dynamic load, the insertion process can be gentle on the profile during the insertion process from the dynamic load measurements directly on the profile be introduced to be introduced profile. Furthermore, the measurement data provide information that can be derived simultaneously for testing the static support function during the introduction process. As a result of the measured values acquired simultaneously during the introduction process, the introduction parameters can thus be regulated and a termination criterion can be determined.
Vorrichtungsgemäß wird dies so gelöst, dass ein oder mehrere Messaufnehmer direkt am Profil zum Messen der dynamischen Beanspruchung des Profils beim Einbringen angeordnet sind, wobei Mittel zur Regelung der Einbringvorrichtung in Abhängigkeit der Messergebnisse vorgesehen sind.According to the device, this is achieved in that one or more sensors are arranged directly on the profile for measuring the dynamic load of the profile during insertion, wherein means for controlling the introduction device are provided depending on the measurement results.
Um eine Beschädigung des einzubringenden Profils zu vermeiden, wird als erster Grenzwert eine maximale Beanspruchung des Profils vorgegeben, der ständig mit der gemessenen dynamischen Beanspruchung verglichen wird, wobei bei Überschreiten des ersten Grenzwertes die momentane Belastung beim Einbringvorgang verringert wird. Nachfolgend kann die Belastung beim Einbringvorgang, beispielsweise die Fallhöhe einer Rammmasse, die Rammmasse selbst oder durch die Impulsstärke bei hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Hämmern, bei Vibrationseinbringverfahren die Frequenz einer Unwucht, das Unwuchtmoment und/oder die Auflast, schrittweise gesteigert werden, bis der erste Grenzwert bei der gemessenen dynamischen Beanspruchung wieder erreicht wird. Mit dieser Regelung wird versucht, eine maximale Einbringgeschwindigkeit unter Beachtung einer maximal zulässigen dynamischen Beanspruchung für das Profil zu erreichen.In order to avoid damaging the profile to be introduced, a maximum load of the profile is specified as the first limit value, which is constantly compared with the measured dynamic load, and when the first limit value is exceeded, the instantaneous load during the insertion process is reduced. Subsequently, the load during the introduction process, for example, the height of a pile, the pile mass itself or by the pulse strength in hydraulic or pneumatic hammers, Vibrationseinbringverfahren the frequency of an imbalance, the imbalance torque and / or load, gradually increased until the first limit at the measured dynamic stress is reached again. This scheme seeks to achieve a maximum feed rate while respecting a maximum allowable dynamic load for the profile.
Wenn wenigstens ein Messaufnehmer ein Dehnungsmessstreifen ist, können zur Bestimmung der dynamischen Beanspruchung am Profil Dehnungen/ Stauchungen an der Oberfläche des Profils gemessen werden. Die am Installationsort des Messaufnehmers am Profil auftretenden Dehnungen bzw. Stauchungen werden somit während des Einbringvorgangs erfasst. Wenn wenigstens ein Messaufnehmer ein Beschleunigungsaufnehmer ist, werden zur Bestimmung der dynamischen Beanspruchung am Profil Beschleunigungen am Profil gemessen, Somit werden die am Messort auftretenden Beschleunigungen sicher erfasst. Sowohl der Dehnungsmessstreifen wie auch der Beschleunigungsaufnehmer sollten mit ihrer Messrichtung parallel zur Einbringrichtung des Profils ausgerichtet werden, da in dieser räumlichen Komponente die größten Beschleunigungen sowie auch die originären Dehnungen/Stauchungen auftreten. Selbstverständlich können auch noch weitere Komponenten der Dehnungen bzw. Beschleunigungen erfasst werden.If at least one transducer is a strain gauge, strain / strain on the surface of the profile can be measured to determine the dynamic stress on the profile. The expansions or compressions occurring at the installation site of the sensor on the profile are thus detected during the insertion process. If at least one sensor is an accelerometer, then for determining the dynamic load on the profile Measured accelerations on the profile, thus the accelerations occurring at the measuring location are reliably detected. Both the strain gauges as well as the accelerometer should be aligned with their measuring direction parallel to the direction of insertion of the profile, since in this spatial component, the largest accelerations and the original strains / compressions occur. Of course, other components of the expansions or accelerations can also be detected.
Wenn die Dehnungen/Stauchungen und/oder Beschleunigungen am Kopfende des Profils gemessen werden, sind Wirkverbindungen (Kabel) zwischen einer Auswerte- und Regeleinheit und dem einzubringenden Profil lediglich am Kopfende anzubringen, so dass kostenaufwendige Sonderkonstruktionen für die einzubringenden Profile entbehrlich sind. Selbstverständlich können auch Messaufnehmer innerhalb des Profils oder auch am Fußende vorgesehen werden, um eine noch umfassendere Analyse der am Profil wirkenden Belastungen zu erreichen. Aufgrund des erheblichen Installationsaufwandes für solcher Art gewählten Messaufnehmerpositionen, dürfte dies nur bei besonders kritischen Anwendungen sinnvoll sein.If the expansions / compressions and / or accelerations at the head end of the profile are measured, active connections (cables) between an evaluation and control unit and the profile to be introduced only at the head end to install, so costly special designs for the profiles to be introduced are dispensable. Of course, also sensors can be provided within the profile or at the foot to achieve an even more comprehensive analysis of the loads acting on the profile. Due to the considerable installation effort for such selected sensor positions, this should only be useful for particularly critical applications.
Wenn der/die Messaufnehmer nahe am Kopfende des Profils, bevorzugt in einem Abstand unterhalb des Kopfendes von etwa der dreifachen Querschnittsdimension des Profils, angeordnet sind, können Beschädigungen der Aufnehmer durch die unmittelbare Beanspruchung an der Lasteinleitung (Aufschlag des Rammgewichtes auf das Kopfende) verhindert werden. Gleichwohl sind die Messaufnehmer unmittelbar auch nach dem Einbringen des Profils im Zugriffsbereich. Nach Beendigung des Einbringvorganges können die Messaufnehmer somit ohne großen Aufwand entfernt und am nächsten Profil befestigt werden. Diese Anordnung eignet sich mit den stets im Zugriff befindlichen Wirkleitungen für den rauen Einsatz auf Baustellen.If the sensor (s) are located near the head end of the profile, preferably at a distance below the head end of about three times the cross-sectional dimension of the profile, damage to the transducers can be prevented by the immediate load on the load input (impact of the ram weight on the head end) , However, the sensors are immediately after the introduction of the profile in the access area. After completion of the Einbringvorganges the sensors can thus be removed easily and attached to the next profile. This arrangement is suitable with the ever-present access lines for rough use on construction sites.
Die Messaufnehmer messen bevorzugt Dehnungen und Stauchungen sowie Beschleunigungen, die in einer Regeleinheit als Mittel zur Regelung der Einbringvorrichtung in Form einer Auswertung unmittelbar in Echtzeit berechnet werden. Bei der Auswertung kann dabei auf ein Verfahren von CASE oder KOLYMBAS zurückgegriffen werden, das bisher nur im Rahmen der Pfahlabnahme als dynamische Probebelastung von fertig installierten Profilen eingesetzt wird. Eine zusammenfassende Darstellung ist in
Bevorzugt wird während des Einbringvorgangs aus den dynamischen Messwerten in Echtzeit die statische Tragfähigkeit berechnet und diese Werte mit einem zweiten Grenzwert, der die erforderliche statische Trägfähigkeit angibt, verglichen, wobei der Einbringvorgang des Profils beendet wird, wenn die dynamisch gemessene und in Echtzeit berechnete statische Tragfähigkeit den zweiten Grenzwert überschreitet. Somit wird ein Abbruchkriterium des Einbringvorganges vorgegeben. Während des Einbringvorganges in Echtzeit wird fortlaufend über die Auswertung der gemessenen dynamischen Beanspruchung, nämlich der Dehnungen und Stauchungen sowie der Beschleunigungen und daraus abgeleiteten Geschwindigkeiten, am einzubringenden Profil die nach CASE oder KOLYMBAS berechnete statische Tragfähigkeit mit der erwünschten zu erreichenden Tragfähigkeit (zweiter Grenzwert) verglichen. Somit ist ein zuverlässiges Kriterium geschaffen, bei dem der Einbringvorgang beendet wird, sobald das eingebrachte Profil seine Funktion erfüllen kann, nämlich seine mindestens erforderliche statische Tragfähigkeit erreicht hat. Um eine Mindesteindringtiefe des Profils zu erreichen, kann ergänzend noch eine vorbestimmte Eindringtiefe des Profils vorgegeben werden, ab der dann erst der zweite Grenzwert mit der gemessenen dynamischen Beanspruchung verglichen wird.Preferably, during the loading process, the static load bearing capacity is calculated from the dynamic measurements in real time and these values are compared with a second threshold value indicating the required static payload, terminating the loading operation of the profile when the dynamic measured and calculated in real time static load capacity exceeds the second limit. Thus, a termination criterion of the introduction process is specified. During the Einbringvorganges in real time is continuously on the evaluation of the measured dynamic stress, namely the strains and compressions and the accelerations derived therefrom, compared to the introduced profile after CASE or KOLYMBAS calculated static load capacity with the desired to be achieved load capacity (second limit) , Thus, a reliable criterion is created, in which the introduction process is terminated as soon as the introduced profile can fulfill its function, namely has reached its minimum static load capacity required. In order to achieve a minimum penetration depth of the profile, a predetermined penetration depth of the profile can additionally be specified, from which only then the second limit value is compared with the measured dynamic stress.
Ergänzend können zur Vermeidung von möglichen Schäden in der Umgebung durch zu große Erschütterungen und/oder Sackungen ein odere mehrere Geophone an der Oberfläche des Baugrundes in der Umgebung des einzubringenden Profils sowie an Gebäuden, insbesondere Außenmauern, Decken oder dergleichen, angeordnet sein, die die Erschütterungen beim Einbringvorgang erfassen. Dadurch, dass Erschütterungen beim Einbringvorgang an der Oberfläche des Baugrundes und/oder an Gebäuden in der Umgebung des Profilstandortes gemessen werden und als dritter Grenzwert eine maximale Erschütterungsamplitude vorgegeben wird, die ständig mit der gemessenen Erschütterung verglichen wird und bei Überschreiten des dritten Grenzwertes die momentane Belastung beim Einbringvorgang verringert wird, werden die Geräteparameter der Einbringvorrichtung entsprechend angepasst, also beispielsweise bei einer Rammvorrichtung die Fallhöhe des Rammgewichts verringert. Nachfolgend wird die Fallhöhe wieder erhöht, solange die vom Geophon gemessenen Erschütterungen den dritten Grenzwert nicht überschreiten. Selbstverständlich wird bei diesem Vorgang auch die gemessene dynamische Belastung der Profile selbst mit den übrigen Grenzwerten verglichen.In addition, to avoid possible damage in the environment due to excessive vibration and / or sagging one or more geophones on the surface of the ground in the vicinity of the introduced profile and on buildings, in particular outer walls, ceilings or the like, be arranged that the vibrations during the insertion process. Characterized in that vibrations are measured during the insertion process on the surface of the ground and / or buildings in the vicinity of the profile location and as the third limit a maximum vibration amplitude is given, which is constantly compared with the measured vibration and the current load when the third limit is exceeded is reduced during the insertion process, the device parameters of the introduction device are adjusted accordingly, so for example reduced in a piling the drop height of Rammgewichts. Subsequently, the fall height is increased again as long as the vibrations measured by the geophone do not exceed the third limit. Of course, in this process, the measured dynamic load of the profiles themselves compared with the other limits.
Geräteparameter, die einen Einfluss auf die Belastung beim Einbringvorgang haben, sind im Rammverfahren die Fallhöhe der Rammmasse, sowie ggf. die Rammmasse selbst oder bei hydraulischen oder pneumatischen Hämmern die Impulsstärke. Beim Vibrationseinbringverfahren sind dies die Frequenz der Unwucht, das Unwuchtmoment und die Auflast. Erfindungsgemäß werden diese Geräteparameter bei der Einbringung ständig angepasst, so dass eine Beschädigung des Profils selbst ausgeschlossen wird, die Einbringung dann endet, sobald der Pfahl genügend einbindet und damit seine statische Tragfunktion erreicht hat und die Einbringung so erfolgt, dass eine Schädigung in der Umgebung verhindert wird.Device parameters that have an influence on the load during the insertion process, are in the ramming the height of fall of the pile, and possibly the pile mass itself or in hydraulic or pneumatic hammers the pulse strength. In the vibration introduction method, these are the frequency of the unbalance, the imbalance torque and the load. According to the invention, these device parameters are constantly adapted during insertion so that damage to the profile itself is ruled out, the introduction then ends as soon as the pile has sufficiently engaged and thus has reached its static support function and the introduction takes place in such a way that damage to the environment is prevented becomes.
Nachfolgend wird ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand der Figuren detailliert beschrieben.An exemplary embodiment of the invention will be described in detail below with reference to the figures.
Darin zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- in einer Prinzipskizze in einem Vertikalschnitt ein in einen Baugrund mittels Rammvorrichtung eingebrachtes Profil und
- Fig. 2
- eine entsprechende Prinzipskizze für ein mittels Vibration eingebrachtes Profil.
- Fig. 1
- in a schematic diagram in a vertical section a introduced into a ground by means of piling profile and
- Fig. 2
- a corresponding schematic diagram for a profile introduced by means of vibration.
In
In den dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen besteht der Baugrund B aus einer oberen, relativ dicht gelagerten Schicht B1, einer darunter liegenden Weichschicht B2, einer darunter liegenden Kies- oder Geröllschicht B3 geringer Mächtigkeit und einer darunter befindlichen tragfähigen Schicht B4, in der auch die geplante Solltiefe für den Fertigteilpfahl 1 liegt.In the illustrated embodiments, the ground B consists of an upper, relatively densely supported layer B 1 , an underlying soft layer B 2 , an underlying gravel or debris layer B 3 of small thickness and an underlying load-bearing layer B 4 , in which also planned target depth for the precast pile 1 is.
Um den Fertigteilpfahl 1 in den Baugrund B einzubringen, wird im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
Außen am Fertigteilpfahl 1 sind Messaufnehmer 4 angebracht. Die Messaufnehmer 4 sind vom Kopfende 11 des Fertigteilpfahls 1 um etwa den dreifachen Dimensionsquerschnitt des Profilkörpers 10 entfernt . Die Mossaufnehmer 4 sind in Form eines Dehnungsmessstreifens 41 und eines Beschleunigungsaufnehmers 42 ausgebildet. Der Dehnungsmessstreifen 41 erfasst Dehnungen/Stauchungen in Einbringrichtung (Z-Richtung). Ebenso erfasst der Beschleunigungsaufnehmer 42 in Z-Richtung wirkende Beschleunigungen.Outside the precast pile 1
Ferner ist an der Oberfläche des Baugrunds B ein Geophon 43 zur Erfassung der Erschütterungen in der Umgebung der Einbringstelle angeordnet.Furthermore, a
Zur Erfassung, Weiterverarbeitung und Steuerung der Einbringvorrichtung (Rammvorrichtung 2) ist eine Regeleinheit 5 mit einer Datenerfassungs- und Auswerteeinheit 50 vorgesehen. Vom Dehnungsmessstreifen 41, Beschleunigungsaufnehmer 42 und Geophon 43 sind Wirkleitungen 44 zur Auswerteeinheit 50 vorgesehen. Von der Regeleinheit 5 führt eine Wirkleitung 51 zur Rammvorrichtung 2, die dort die Freifallhöhe h in Abhängigkeit der gemessenen und verarbeiteten Werte aus dem Dehnungsmessstreifen 41, dem Beschleungiungsaufnehmer 42 und dem Geophon 43 regelt.For detecting, processing and controlling the introduction device (piling device 2), a
Nachfolgend wird die Regelung der Rammvorrichtung anhand der von den Messaufnehmern aufgenommenen Signale beschrieben.The control of the piling device will be described below with reference to the signals picked up by the sensors.
Die Rammvorrichtung 2 wird von der Regeleinheit 5 nach Aufstellen und Ausrichten des einzubringenden Profils 1 gestartet. Dabei kann der Einbrihgvorgang mit einer mittleren Fallhöhe h beginnen oder auch unmittelbar mit einer kleineren Fallhöhe beginnend gesteigert werden. Werden die in der Regeleinheit hinterlegten Grenzwerte, nämlich erster Grenzwert für die maximale Beanspruchung des einzubringenden Profils, zweiter Grenzwert für die erforderliche Einbindetiefe und dritter Grenzwert für die in der Umgebung auftretenden maximalen Erschütterungen nicht überschritten, wird jeweils für den nächsten Hitz die Fallhöhe h gesteigert. Sobald einer oder mehrere der drei Grenzwerte erreicht werden, wird die Fallhöhe nicht weiter gesteigert bzw. bei Überschreiten wenigstens eines Grenzwertes wieder verringert bzw. der Einbringvorgang beendet.The piling device 2 is started by the
Entsprechend wird der Einbringvorgang automatisch geregelt, wobei ein maximaler Rammfortschritt bei Vermeidung von unzulässigen Druck- oder Zugspannungen im Profil erreicht wird. Bei Erreichen des zweiten Grenzwertes wird zudem der Einbringvorgang abgebrochen, da dann die erforderliche statische Tragfunktion des Profils 1 anhand der Messwerte der Messaufnehmer 4 und der in Echtzeit erfolgenden Auswertung der Messwerte nach dem Verfahren von CASE oder KOLYMBAS erreicht ist. Ein weiteres Einbringen des Profils 1 würde eine nicht notwendige Rammtiefe bedeuten, also unnötige Kosten bedeuten. Mit der Regelung können Beschädigungen und übermäßige Beeinträchtigungen vermieden werden.Accordingly, the introduction process is controlled automatically, with a maximum Rammfortschritt is achieved while avoiding unacceptable compressive or tensile stresses in the profile. When the second limit value is reached, the insertion process is also aborted, since the required static support function of the profile 1 is then achieved on the basis of the measured values of the
Im Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß
Die Vibrationsvorrichtung 3 weist mindestens eine Unwucht 31 auf, die meist hydraulisch angetrieben eine Vibration auf das Kopfende 11 des Profils 1 überträgt. Zur Anbindung der Vibrationsvorrichtung 3 auf dem Kopfende 11 erfolgt zudem eine statische Auflast Fstat, die die von der Unwucht 31 erzeugte periodische Schwingung in den Fertigteilpfahl 1 einleiten lässt.The vibration device 3 has at least one
Die der Regeleinheit 5 zugeordnete Datenerfassungs- und Auswerteineheit 50 erfasst und verarbeitet wiederum von den Messaufnehmern, nämlich Dehnungsmessstreifen 41 und Beschleunigungsaufnehmer 42 sowie ergänzend Geophon 43 aufgenommene Signale, um daraus in der Regeleinheit 5 die dynamische Beanspruchung des Profils 1 anzupassen. Regelgrößen sind dabei die Frequenz der Unwucht ω, die durch die Drehzahl des Elektromotors der Unwucht 31 verstellt werden kann, das Unwuchtmoment m, das insbesondere durch Veränderung des radialen Abstandes der Unwuchtmasse zu seiner Rotationsachse eingestellt werden kann, und die statische Auflast Fstat, die durch eine Gewichtsveränderung oder/und hydraulische Auflastabstützung angepasst werden kann.The
Wie zum ersten Ausführungsbeispiel bereits ausgeführt, wird die dynamische Belastung beim Einbringvorgang anhand durch Dehnungsmessstreifen 41 und Beschleunigungsaufnehmer 42 erfassten Messgrößen mit Echtzeitauswertung in der Auswerteeinheit 50 und Regeleinheit 5 an die jeweilige Situation im Baugrund B angepasst. Dabei werden von der Regeleinheit 5 die Regelgrößen statische Kraft Fstat, Unwuchtfrequenz ω und/oder Unwuchtmoment m entsprechend verändert.As already stated for the first exemplary embodiment, the dynamic load during the insertion process is adapted to the respective situation in the ground B on the basis of measured values detected by
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren bzw. Anordnung zum Einbringen von langgestreckten Profilen können Beschädigungen des Profils während der Einbringung vermieden werden. Ferner kann die Einbringung beendet werden, sobald das Profil seine statische Tragfunktion erfüllt. Der Einbringvorgang wird dabei gleichwohl mit maximaler Einbringgeschwindigkeit durchgeführt, woraus sich insgesamt eine hohe Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit ergibt. Der Aufwand für die Anbringung und Verkabelung der Messaufnehmer am einzubringenden Profil ist im Vergleich zu den Verbesserungen der Qualität und Wirtschaftlichkeit als gering einzustufen. Die Regelung für den Einbringvorgang erlaubt somit auch eine Voll- oder Teilautomatisierung, die eine weitere Qualitätsverbesserung und Produktionssteigerung mit sich bringen dürfte.Damage to the profile during insertion can be avoided with the method and arrangement according to the invention for introducing elongate profiles. Furthermore, the introduction can be terminated as soon as the profile fulfills its static support function. The introduction process is nevertheless carried out at maximum introduction speed, resulting in a total of high quality and cost-effectiveness. The expense of attaching and cabling the sensors to the profile to be introduced is considered to be low compared to improvements in quality and cost-effectiveness. The regulation for the introduction process thus also allows a full or partial automation, which should bring further quality improvement and production increase.
- 11
- Profil, Fertigteilpfahl, SpundwandsegmentProfile, precast pile, sheet pile segment
- 1010
- Profilkörperprofile body
- 1111
- Kopfendehead
- 1212
- Fußendefoot
- 22
- Rammvorrichtungrammer
- 2121
- RammmasseRammmasse
- 33
- Vibrationsvorrichtungvibration device
- 3131
- Unwuchtunbalance
- 44
- Messaufnehmersensor
- 4141
- DehnungsstreifenStretch marks
- 4242
- Beschleunigungsaufnehmeraccelerometers
- 4343
- Geophongeophone
- 4444
- Wirkleitungactive power
- 55
- Mittel zur Regelung, RegeleinheitControl means, control unit
- 5050
- Datenerfassungs- und AuswerteeinheitData acquisition and evaluation unit
- 5151
- Wirkleitungactive power
- BB
- BaugrundBuilding
- B1, B2, B3, B4 B 1 , B 2 , B 3 , B 4
- Schichtung im BaugrundStratification in the ground
- hH
- FreifallhöheFree drop distance
- mm
- Unwuchtmomentunbalance moment
- Fstat F stat
- statische Auflaststatic load
- F(t)F (t)
- Belastung beim EinbringvorgangLoad during the introduction process
- ωω
- Frequenz der UnwuchtFrequency of imbalance
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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DE102006060643A DE102006060643B4 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2006-12-21 | Method and arrangement for introducing elongate profiles into a ground |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1939360A1 true EP1939360A1 (en) | 2008-07-02 |
EP1939360B1 EP1939360B1 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
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EP07024926A Not-in-force EP1939360B1 (en) | 2006-12-21 | 2007-12-21 | Method and device for inserting elongated profiles into a foundation |
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EP (1) | EP1939360B1 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE556177T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE102006060643B4 (en) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2943694A1 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-01 | Jean Jacques Saphy | Device for creating solid fastener on soft soil i.e. submarine soil, has central pointed tube welded at center of cover onto which metal ring is welded, where cover comprises opening equipped with valve |
EP2728070A1 (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-07 | Aug. Prien Bauunternehmung (GmbH & Co. KG) | Method for driving and anchoring a driven pile in the ground and driven pile |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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DE102015008015A1 (en) * | 2015-06-22 | 2016-12-22 | Liebherr-Werk Nenzing Gmbh | Method for controlling a vibratory hammer |
DE102021108780A1 (en) * | 2021-04-08 | 2022-10-13 | Rwe Renewables Gmbh | Method for assessing the axial load-bearing capacity of an installed pile |
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DE19631992B4 (en) * | 1996-08-08 | 2007-01-18 | Abi Maschinenfabrik Und Vertriebsgesellschaft Mbh | Vibratory bear with control device |
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DE102005029364B4 (en) * | 2005-06-24 | 2007-04-05 | Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg | Precast pile and associated method for building foundation |
-
2006
- 2006-12-21 DE DE102006060643A patent/DE102006060643B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
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- 2007-12-21 EP EP07024926A patent/EP1939360B1/en not_active Not-in-force
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Cited By (2)
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FR2943694A1 (en) * | 2009-03-30 | 2010-10-01 | Jean Jacques Saphy | Device for creating solid fastener on soft soil i.e. submarine soil, has central pointed tube welded at center of cover onto which metal ring is welded, where cover comprises opening equipped with valve |
EP2728070A1 (en) * | 2012-10-31 | 2014-05-07 | Aug. Prien Bauunternehmung (GmbH & Co. KG) | Method for driving and anchoring a driven pile in the ground and driven pile |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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DE102006060643A1 (en) | 2008-08-07 |
ATE556177T1 (en) | 2012-05-15 |
DE102006060643B4 (en) | 2008-09-18 |
EP1939360B1 (en) | 2012-05-02 |
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