EP2998448B1 - Method for improving the bearing capacity of open profiles placed in the foundation and system produced using the same - Google Patents

Method for improving the bearing capacity of open profiles placed in the foundation and system produced using the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2998448B1
EP2998448B1 EP14185746.6A EP14185746A EP2998448B1 EP 2998448 B1 EP2998448 B1 EP 2998448B1 EP 14185746 A EP14185746 A EP 14185746A EP 2998448 B1 EP2998448 B1 EP 2998448B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
profile
displacement
open
subsoil
open profile
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EP14185746.6A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2998448A1 (en
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Jürgen Grabe
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Technische Universitaet Hamburg TUHH
Tutech Innovation GmbH
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Technische Universitaet Hamburg TUHH
Tutech Innovation GmbH
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Priority to PL14185746T priority patent/PL2998448T3/en
Priority to DK14185746.6T priority patent/DK2998448T3/en
Publication of EP2998448A1 publication Critical patent/EP2998448A1/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E02D5/808—Ground anchors anchored by using exclusively a bonding material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for improving the sustainability of set in a ground open profiles. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system of an open profile and an open profile enclosed ground.
  • Open profile means a component with a self-contained, in the longitudinal direction along the profile substantially the same cross-section.
  • the profile is open at the bottom and top.
  • open profiles in addition to circular casings and square tubes, box sections, shafts, caissons and the like can be.
  • open profiles are also I-beams (double-T beams), II beams (double-double-T beams), sheet pile walls or the like, which partly have an incompletely enclosed area between the legs of the profile lying in the ground, as well as in the broadest sense, carrying elements made of textile-coated granules, for example GCC (geotextile coated columns).
  • the displacement means may be a full profile occupying a part of the cross-sectional dimension of the open profile which is inserted into the area of the foundation ground enclosed by the open profile. Due to the solid profile driven into the subsoil, the subsoil is compacted in the area enclosed by the open profile, whereby a significant increase in stress occurs and this, in turn, acts like a closure of the open profile. Accordingly, the carrying capacity of the introduced profile increases.
  • the displacement body is introduced centrally along the profile axis.
  • the open profile is slightly distended by the subsequent bracing of the area enclosed by the open profile of the ground with the profile wall by introducing a displacement body, also carried a voltage increase on the outside of the profile, ie on the contact surface of the profile wall with the outer ground. Due to the increased tension of the contact surface between the profile and the outer subsoil, the skin friction increases correspondingly, which results in a further increased bearing capacity.
  • the skin friction and ballast tension between the outer wall of the open profile and the ground can be mobilized, which increases the lateral and / or axial bearing capacity.
  • the increase is essentially dependent on the graft pressure mobilized by the displacement body and the radial rigidity of the pipe.
  • the profile may be formed weakened by slots or the like.
  • the tension of the profile in the ground when setting the profile is significantly reduced, since the initially loose to medium-density floor is compacted by the vibration of the profile.
  • an introduction process is preferred with less adverse effects on surrounding buildings and with today's environmental protection measures, whereby the tensioning of the profile in the ground is increased by the subsequent execution of the load capacity improvement by introducing the displacement body. This is done by preferably passing centrally through an expansion by the displacement body. The soil is sheared. In the Scherfuge dilated by its volume, which is prevented due to the boundary condition, namely the enclosed profile and leads to considerable tension. This achieves a significant increase in the stress state at the contact surface between the profile and the ground (ground).
  • even less load-bearing soils can optionally be used by the displacement process for load transfer (H, V, M).
  • the tension reached in the ground can be calculated using the easy to be determined during the insertion process parameters.
  • the displacement body is a positive displacement pile tool, the rotationally driven and is adjustable.
  • the soil displacement is performed within the open profile of the type that depending on the control of the drill, so selecting a higher or lower Auflast horrins or At a higher or lower rotational speed of the drill pipe, the load capacity improvement can be improved in a controlled way by compaction of the soil within the open profile introduced in the soil.
  • a plurality of displacement bodies are preferably provided, which are distributed uniformly to one another on the cross section of the enclosed area parallel to one another and to the profile axis.
  • lost pressure sensors on the open profile are provided on the outside and / or inside of the profile wall, which have active connections to an evaluation unit on the ground surface, the currently acting ground tension can be measured when the displacement body is lowered.
  • strain gauges or the like can be used as a cost pressure sensors.
  • the displacer tool has a lost drill bit so that as the displacer tool is pulled to form an opening through which the concrete to be poured flows to form a displacer pile, the displacer tool can be drawn after being dropped within the open profile, with loss of bit and concomitant filling of concrete and thus be virtually replaced by a displacement pile made of concrete.
  • the compaction achieved in the soil and thus increase in stress and plug formation remains essentially preserved, ie the Tensioning is permanently secured by concreting with the FDP pile production.
  • the concrete can be supplied under pressure to avoid unwanted soil relief. This can also be controlled via the pressure profile attached to the open profile even after setting the positive displacement pile.
  • the positive displacement pile tool and corresponding to the concrete displacement pole as solid profile occupies 2% to 20% of the cross-sectional area of the open profile, which is inserted centrally along the profile axis in the open profile of the ground, the soil is replaced by the insertion of the displacement pile in the open Profile enclosed area compacted and braced, making this area virtually forms a plug and accordingly increases the carrying capacity of the profile.
  • the displacement pile has about 5 to 10% of the cross-sectional dimension of the open profile.
  • the profile in its profile wall weakening zones or slots, where a greater expansion of the profile is possible, a greater expansion of the profile is made possible during bracing of the open profile enclosed area of the ground, so that this also with the outside of the profile wall causes a stronger contact with the ground surrounding it, so that here the bedding stress and the skin friction continue to rise. Accordingly, the carrying capacity of the introduced profile can be further increased.
  • Weakening zones are, for example, local areas in the profile wall, which have a significantly lower material thickness or are made of a different, softer material.
  • slots which are preferably aligned substantially parallel profile axes, the expansion of the profile can be significantly facilitated.
  • the weakening zones and / or slits must as little as possible weaken the strength of the profile for introduction into the ground and initiation of the loads.
  • Fig. 1 shows an open profile 1, which is formed with a profile wall 10 in tube form. How out Fig. 1 can be seen, the open profile 1 is introduced vertically for a building foundation in the ground 2 and is for further structural use slightly with his profile head 11 on the ground surface 20 addition.
  • the open profile 1 has been introduced, for example, by vibration in the ground 2.
  • a displacement body 4 in the form of a displacer pile tool 40 is brought down almost to the profile foot 12 of the open profile 1 in the ground 2.
  • the displacement body 4 has been introduced substantially along the profile axis centrally within the open profile 1. This situation is in cross section in Fig. 2 shown.
  • pressure sensors 5 are arranged on the profile wall 10 of the open profile 1.
  • the pressure sensors consist for example of strain gauges, which are connected via an operative connection 51 to an evaluation unit 50 on the bottom surface 20.
  • the soil tension values determined at the evaluation unit 50 are recorded to document the carrying capacity improvement and, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, are used directly for controlling the introduction process, that is to say the ballast and torque to be applied by the drill.
  • the base 2 is strongly compressed in the enclosed area 21, so that the horizontal stresses shown with radially outward-pointing arrows arise which force the floor against the inside of the profile wall 10 of the profile 1. Accordingly, the floor clamped to the profile 1 and forms a kind of closure, so that the set profile 1 in addition to the area the profile foot 12 prevailing vertical ground tension, as in Fig. 1 represented by the parallel arrows, can absorb as a load.
  • the tension along the profile can be selectively applied where a strain or load increase is desired.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Investigation Of Foundation Soil And Reinforcement Of Foundation Soil By Compacting Or Drainage (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Tragfähigkeitsverbesserung von in einem Baugrund gesetzten offenen Profilen. Ferner betrifft die Erfindung ein System aus einem offenen Profil und einem vom offenen Profil umschlossenen Baugrund.The invention relates to a method for improving the sustainability of set in a ground open profiles. Furthermore, the invention relates to a system of an open profile and an open profile enclosed ground.

Offenes Profil bedeutet dabei ein Bauteil mit einem in sich geschlossenen, in Längsrichtung entlang des Profils im Wesentlichen gleichen Querschnitt. Das Profil ist unten und oben offen. Entsprechend können offene Profile neben kreisförmigen Verrohrungen auch Vierkantrohre, Kastenprofile, Schächte, Senkkästen und dergleichen sein. Ferner sind offene Profile auch I-Träger (Doppel-T-Träger), II-Träger (Doppel-Doppel-T-Träger), Spundwände oder dergleichen, die teils einen nicht vollständig umschlossenen Bereich zwischen den im Baugrund liegenden Schenkeln des Profils haben, sowie im weitesten Sinne Trageelemente aus textilummantelten Granulaten beispielsweise GCC (geotextile coated columns).Open profile means a component with a self-contained, in the longitudinal direction along the profile substantially the same cross-section. The profile is open at the bottom and top. Accordingly, open profiles in addition to circular casings and square tubes, box sections, shafts, caissons and the like can be. Furthermore, open profiles are also I-beams (double-T beams), II beams (double-double-T beams), sheet pile walls or the like, which partly have an incompletely enclosed area between the legs of the profile lying in the ground, as well as in the broadest sense, carrying elements made of textile-coated granules, for example GCC (geotextile coated columns).

Beim Einvibrieren oder Einstellen eines Profils in den Baugrund entsteht eine je nach Porenraum mehr oder minder starke Bodenverdichtung und damit eine Spannungsänderung im Bereich der Kontaktfläche zwischen dem eingebrachten Profil und dem Baugrund. Durch Einbringung mittels Vibration und Rammung wird die über die Kontaktfläche stattfindende Verspannung im Baugrund stark herabgesetzt, womit die Gesamttragfähigkeit der eingebrachten Profile gegenüber einem eingerammten Profil deutlich verringert ist. Es wurde daher bisher zum Erreichen einer besseren Verspannung des einvibrierten oder eingestellten Profils mit dem Baugrund das Profil kurz vor Erreichen der Endteufe nachgerammt oder nachverpresst. Da an vielen Lokationen ein Rammen sich aus bautechnischen oder Umweltschutzgründen verbietet, ist dieses Vorgehen häufig nicht zietführend. Zudem ist ein zusätzliches Rammen mit deutlichen Zusatzkosten und Zeitverzögerungen für das Heranschaffen, Tauschen der Gerätschaften und Aufrüsten der Rammvorrichtung verbunden.When vibrating or setting a profile in the ground, depending on the pore space, more or less intense soil compaction occurs and thus a change in tension in the area of the contact surface between the introduced profile and the ground. By introduction by means of vibration and ramming the tension occurring in the subsoil over the contact surface is greatly reduced, whereby the overall load capacity of the introduced profiles is significantly reduced compared to a rammed profile. It was therefore hitherto nachgerammt or nachverpresst shortly before reaching the Endteufe to achieve better clamping of the vibrated or set profile with the ground the profile. Because at many locations a ramming itself For structural or environmental reasons, this procedure is often not zietführend. In addition, additional ramming is associated with significant additional costs and time delays for bringing, replacing equipment and upgrading the piling device.

Ausgehend davon ist aus der EP 2 706 148 A1 ein Verfahren zur Tragfähigkeitsverbesserung von in einem Baugrund mit Porenraum gesetzten offenen Profilen bekannt, bei dem durch Setzen des Profils in den Baugrund und nachträgliches Verspannen des vom offenen Profil umschlossenen Bereichs des Baugrunds mit der Profilwandung durch Einbringen eines Verdrängungsmittels in den vom offenen Profil umschlossenen Bereich des Baugrunds durch die Verdrängung des Baugrunds im vom offenen Profil umschlossenen Bereich ein erheblicher Druck auf die Innenseite der Profilwandung ausgeübt wird, womit eine Verspannung dieses umschlossenen Bereichs des Baugrunds mit dem Profil erreicht wird. Damit wird quasi ein Verschluss des offenen Profils erzielt und die Tragfähigkeit entsprechend der am Fuß des Profils herrschenden vertikalen Bodenspannung erhöht. Dabei kann das Verdrängungsmittel ein einen Teil der Querschnittsdimension des offenen Profils einnehmendes Vollprofil sein, das in den vom offenen Profil umschlossenen Bereich des Baugrunds eingesetzt wird. Durch das in den Baugrund eingetriebene Vollprofil wird der Baugrund im vom offenen Profil umschlossenen Bereich kompaktiert, womit eine deutliche Spannungserhöhung eintritt und dieser wiederum quasi wie ein Verschluss des offenen Profils wirkt. Entsprechend erhöht sich die Tragfähigkeit des eingebrachten Profils.Based on this is from the EP 2 706 148 A1 a method for improving the sustainability of set in a ground with pore space open profiles, in which by setting the profile in the ground and subsequent distortion of the open profile enclosed area of the ground with the profile wall by introducing a displacement means in the enclosed by the open profile area of Subsoil is applied by the displacement of the ground in the area enclosed by the open profile area a considerable pressure on the inside of the profile wall, whereby a clamping of this enclosed area of the ground is achieved with the profile. This virtually achieves a closure of the open profile and increases the load capacity in accordance with the vertical ground tension prevailing at the foot of the profile. In this case, the displacement means may be a full profile occupying a part of the cross-sectional dimension of the open profile which is inserted into the area of the foundation ground enclosed by the open profile. Due to the solid profile driven into the subsoil, the subsoil is compacted in the area enclosed by the open profile, whereby a significant increase in stress occurs and this, in turn, acts like a closure of the open profile. Accordingly, the carrying capacity of the introduced profile increases.

In Grabe, J., T. Pucker und T. Hamänn, Numerical simulation of pile installation processes in dry and saturated granular soils (8th European Conference on Numerical Method in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE), 2014, TU Delft ) wird die erhöhte Bodenspannung durch Einbringen eines Vollverdrängungspfahlwerkzeugs (FDP full displacement pile der Firma Bauer Maschinenbau GmbH, Bauerstraße 1, 86529 Schropenhausen) numerisch modelliert.In Grabe, J., T. Pucker and T. Hamänn, Numerical simulation of pile installation processes in dry and saturated granular soils (8th European Conference on Numerical Method in Geotechnical Engineering (NUMGE), 2014, TU Delft ), the increased soil tension is numerically modeled by introducing a Vollverdrängungspfahlwerkzeugs (FDP full displacement pile from Bauer Maschinenbau GmbH, Bauerstraße 1, 86529 Schropenhausen).

Ferner ist es aus der EP 0 264 998 A1 bekannt, zur Gründung in den Untergrund aufschäumendes Material einzubringen, um so vor dem Setzen von Pfeilern oder Ankern eine Verfestigung der Bodenformation zu erreichen. Ferner ist darin auch beschrieben, eine Verfestigung unterhalb eines existierenden Gründungselementes einzubringen. Ferner ist alternativ beschrieben, den Untergrund mit dem expandierenden Material zu verfestigen und anschließend einen Pfahl in den so verfestigten Untergrund einzubringen.Furthermore, it is from the EP 0 264 998 A1 It is known to incorporate intumescent material into the subsoil in order to consolidate the soil formation before placing piers or anchors. Furthermore, it is also described to introduce a solidification below an existing foundation element. Furthermore, it is alternatively described to solidify the substrate with the expanding material and then to introduce a pile into the thus solidified substrate.

Ausgehend von der EP 2 706 148 A1 ist es Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, die Tragfähigkeitsverbesserung nach dem Setzen des Profils gezielt und kontrolliert einsetzbar zu gestalten.Starting from the EP 2 706 148 A1 It is an object of the present invention, the load capacity improvement after setting the profile targeted and controlled to use.

Gelöst wird diese Aufgabe verfahrensgemäß durch Anspruch 1 und vorrichtungsgemäß durch Anspruch 8.This object is achieved according to the method by claim 1 and apparatus according to claim 8.

Durch Drehantrieb des Verdrängungskörpers und Steuern des Verhältnisses von Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit zu Rotationsgeschwindigkeit wird Boden gefördert und/oder zur Seite verdrängt. Damit kann die jeweils im offenen Profil erreichte Verspannung gesteuert werden, so dass bei einer gewünschten hohen Verspannung des Bodens der Verdrängungskörper mit geringer Rotationsgeschwindigkeit rotiert und dabei kräftig in den Boden gedrückt wird, womit vor allem eine Bodenkompaktierung innerhalb des offenen Profils im Bereich der Bohrtiefe erfolgt. Wird jedoch mit höherer Rotationsgeschwindigkeit bei geringer Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit gebohrt, wird der Boden eher gefördert, womit die Kompaktierung und damit die Spannung im Boden im Bereich der Bohrspitze weniger stark steigt.By rotationally driving the displacer and controlling the ratio of propulsion speed to rotational speed, soil is conveyed and / or displaced sideways. Thus, the tension reached in the open profile can be controlled so that rotates at a desired high tension of the soil of the displacement body with low rotational speed and thereby strongly pressed into the ground, which especially a soil compaction takes place within the open profile in the depth , However, drilling at a higher speed of rotation at a low propulsion speed tends to encourage the ground, which lessens the compaction and thus the tension in the ground near the drill bit.

Um eine möglichst gleichmäßige Spannungserhöhung auf der Innenseite der Profilwandung durch das Verdrängen des in diesem Bereich vorliegenden Bodens zu erreichen, wird der Verdrängungskörper entlang der Profilachse zentral eingebracht. Bei größeren Profildurchmessern kann es zum wirtschaftlichen Aufbau einer Verspannung vorteilhaft sein, wenn mehrere Verdrängungskörper gleichzeitig verteilt und parallel zueinander eingebracht werden.In order to achieve a uniform increase in stress on the inside of the profile wall by displacing the soil present in this area, the displacement body is introduced centrally along the profile axis. For larger profile diameters, it may be advantageous for the economic structure of a strain, if several Displacement body distributed simultaneously and introduced parallel to each other.

Wenn beim Niederbringen des Verdrängungskörpers momentan zur Bohrtiefe das aufgewendete Drehmoment und die wirkende Auflast gemessen und gesteuert werden, wird der Eindringvorgang des Verdrängungskörpers zum Nachweis der Standfestigkeit und der Qualität der Ausführung dokumentiert, wobei die Steuerung des aufgewendeten Drehmoments und die wirkende Auflast nach Vorgaben und/oder den gemessenen Werten gesteuert werden kann.When the torque applied and the applied load are measured and controlled while the displacement body is currently being drilled to depth, the penetration of the displacer to demonstrate the strength and quality of the design is documented, with control of the applied torque and load applied as specified and / or or the measured values can be controlled.

Wenn durch das nachträgliche Verspannen des vom offenen Profil umschlossenen Bereichs des Baugrunds mit der Profilwandung durch Einbringen eines Verdrängungskörpers das offene Profil leicht aufgedehnt wird, erfolgt ebenfalls eine Spannungserhöhung auf der Außenseite des Profils, also auf der Kontaktfläche der Profilwandung mit dem äußeren Baugrund. Durch die erhöhte Verspannung der Kontaktfläche zwischen Profil und äußerem Baugrund erhöht sich entsprechend die Mantelreibung, womit eine weiter erhöhte Tragfähigkeit einhergeht.If the open profile is slightly distended by the subsequent bracing of the area enclosed by the open profile of the ground with the profile wall by introducing a displacement body, also carried a voltage increase on the outside of the profile, ie on the contact surface of the profile wall with the outer ground. Due to the increased tension of the contact surface between the profile and the outer subsoil, the skin friction increases correspondingly, which results in a further increased bearing capacity.

Dadurch, dass am offenen Profil beim Niederbringen des Verdrängungskörpers momentan zur Bohrtiefe der wirkende Bodendruck gemessen und davon abhängig das aufgewendete Drehmoment und die wirkende Auflast geregelt werden, kann auch die beim Niederbringen des Verdrängungskörpers im Untergrund erreichte Spannungserhöhung kontrolliert und davon abhängig das Bohrgerät gesteuert werden. Es wird somit ein sehr kontrolliertes Einbringen des Verdrängungskörpers und damit eine genau kontrollierte Tragfähigkeitsverbesserung erreicht. Dabei können auch in der jeweiligen Tiefenlage unterschiedliche Verspannungen im Untergrund erzielt werden, wobei der im Pfropfen sich bildende Druckaufbau durch die Messung bekannt ist, überwacht und daraus abgeleitet das Bohrgerät gesteuert werden kann.The fact that measured at the open profile when lowering the displacement body currently to the depth of the effective ground pressure and dependent on the applied torque and the acting load can be controlled, the voltage increase achieved during the lowering of the displacement body in the ground controlled and dependent on the drill can be controlled. It is thus achieved a very controlled introduction of the displacement body and thus a precisely controlled capacity improvement. In this case, different tensions in the ground can be achieved in the respective depth position, wherein the pressure build-up in the grafting is known by the measurement monitored and derived from the drill can be controlled.

Durch Anwendung des Verfahrens über die ganze Höhe des vom offenen Profil umschlossenen Bereichs des Baugrunds (innere Bodensäule) und der Möglichkeit in beliebiger Tiefe durch noch stärkenen Druck das offene Profil aufzuweiten, kann die Mantelreibung und die Bettungsspannung zwischen Außenwand des offenen Profils und Boden mobilisiert werden, was die laterale und/oder axiale Tragfähigkeit erhöht. Die Erhöhung ist dabei wesentlich vom durch den Verdrängungskörper mobilisierten Pfropfendruck und der radialen Steifigkeit des Rohres abhängig. Um so größer der Rohrdurchmesser und geringer die Wanddicke, um so größer ist die Aufweitung und damit die mobilisierte Bettungsspannung und Mantelreibung außenseitig des offenen Profils. Ferner kann das Profil durch Schlitze oder dergleichen geschwächt ausgebildet sein.By applying the method over the entire height of the open area enclosed area of the ground (inner bottom pillar) and the With the possibility of expanding the open profile at any depth by applying even greater pressure, the skin friction and ballast tension between the outer wall of the open profile and the ground can be mobilized, which increases the lateral and / or axial bearing capacity. The increase is essentially dependent on the graft pressure mobilized by the displacement body and the radial rigidity of the pipe. The larger the pipe diameter and the smaller the wall thickness, the greater the expansion and thus the mobilized bedding stress and skin friction on the outside of the open profile. Furthermore, the profile may be formed weakened by slots or the like.

Wenn das Setzen des Profils durch Vibrieren oder Einstellen erfolgt, wird zwar die Verspannung des Profils im Baugrund beim Setzen des Profils deutlich verringert, da der anfänglich locker bis mitteldicht gelagerte Boden durch das Einvibrieren des Profils verdichtet wird. Jedoch ist ein solcher Einbringvorgang mit geringeren Beeinträchtigungen von umliegenden Bauten und mit heutigen Umweltschutzmaßnahmen bevorzugt, wobei durch das nachträgliche Ausführen der Tragfähigkeitsverbesserung durch Einbringen des Verdrängungskörpers die Verspannung des Profils im Untergrund erhöht wird. Das erfolgt dadurch, dass bevorzugt zentral eine Aufweitung durch den Verdrängungskörper passiert. Dabei wird der Boden geschert. In der Scherfuge vergrößert sich durch Dilatanz sein Volumen, was aufgrund der Randbedingung, nämlich dem umschlossenen Profil verhindert ist und zu erheblichen Verspannungen führt. Damit wird eine deutliche Erhöhung des Spannungszustandes an der Kontaktfläche zwischen Profil und Boden (Baugrund) erreicht. Somit können auch geringer tragfähige Böden durch den Verdrängungsvorgang zur Lastabtragung (H, V, M) gegebenenfalls herangezogen werden.If the profile is set by vibration or adjustment, the tension of the profile in the ground when setting the profile is significantly reduced, since the initially loose to medium-density floor is compacted by the vibration of the profile. However, such an introduction process is preferred with less adverse effects on surrounding buildings and with today's environmental protection measures, whereby the tensioning of the profile in the ground is increased by the subsequent execution of the load capacity improvement by introducing the displacement body. This is done by preferably passing centrally through an expansion by the displacement body. The soil is sheared. In the Scherfuge dilated by its volume, which is prevented due to the boundary condition, namely the enclosed profile and leads to considerable tension. This achieves a significant increase in the stress state at the contact surface between the profile and the ground (ground). Thus, even less load-bearing soils can optionally be used by the displacement process for load transfer (H, V, M).

Dadurch, dass aus dem angewendeten Drehmoment und der aufgebrachten Axialkraft zur jeweiligen Bohrtiefe auf die dort erzeugte Verspannung zurückgeschlossen wird, kann die im Untergrund erreichte Verspannung über beim Einbringungsvorgang einfach zu ermittelnde Parameter berechnet werden. Bei einem System aus einem offenen Profil und einem einen Porenraum aufweisenden Baugrund, in dem das Profil gesetzt ist, wobei der vom offenen Profil umschlossene Bereich des Baugrundes durch eingebrachte Verdrängungskörper mit der Profilwandung des Profils verspannt ist, ist der Verdrängungskörper ein Verdrängerpfahlwerkzeug, der drehantreibbar und einstellbar ist. Mit dem Verdrängerpfahlwerkzeug, das an einem Bohrgerät in der üblichen Weise drehantreibbar und mit einem entsprechenden Auflastdruck in den Boden gedrückt wird, wird die Bodenverdrängung innerhalb des offenen Profils der Art durchgeführt, dass je nach Ansteuerung des Bohrgeräts, also Auswahl eines höheren oder geringen Auflastdrucks bzw. einer höheren oder geringeren Rotationsgeschwindigkeit des Bohrgestänges, kann die Tragfähigkeitsverbesserung durch Kompaktierung des Bodens innerhalb des im Boden eingebrachten offenen Profils kontrolliert verbessert werden.The fact that it is deduced from the applied torque and the applied axial force to the respective drilling depth on the stress generated there, the tension reached in the ground can be calculated using the easy to be determined during the insertion process parameters. In a system of an open profile and a pore space having ground in which the profile is set, wherein the open profile enclosed area of the ground is braced by introduced displacement body with the profile wall of the profile, the displacement body is a positive displacement pile tool, the rotationally driven and is adjustable. With the positive displacement pile tool, which is driven on a drill in the usual way rotatably drivable and with a corresponding Auflastdruck in the soil, the soil displacement is performed within the open profile of the type that depending on the control of the drill, so selecting a higher or lower Auflastdrucks or At a higher or lower rotational speed of the drill pipe, the load capacity improvement can be improved in a controlled way by compaction of the soil within the open profile introduced in the soil.

Bei größeren Profilen sind bevorzugt mehrere Verdrängungskörper vorgesehen, die gleichmäßig zueinander auf den Querschnitt des umschlossenen Bereichs parallel zueinander und zur Profilachse verteilt sind.For larger profiles, a plurality of displacement bodies are preferably provided, which are distributed uniformly to one another on the cross section of the enclosed area parallel to one another and to the profile axis.

Dadurch, dass verlorene Drucksensoren an dem offenen Profil außen und/oder innen an der Profilwandung vorgesehen sind, die Wirkverbindungen zu einer Auswerteeinheit an der Bodenoberfläche haben, kann beim Niederbringen des Verdrängungskörpers die momentan wirkende Bodenspannung gemessen werden. Als kostengünstige Drucksensoren können beispielsweise Dehnungsmessstreifen oder dergleichen verwendet werden.Due to the fact that lost pressure sensors on the open profile are provided on the outside and / or inside of the profile wall, which have active connections to an evaluation unit on the ground surface, the currently acting ground tension can be measured when the displacement body is lowered. As a cost pressure sensors, for example, strain gauges or the like can be used.

Wenn das Verdrängerpfahlwerkzeug eine verlorene Bohrspitze hat, so dass beim Ziehen des Verdrängerpfahlwerkzeuges eine Öffnung entsteht, durch die der einzufüllende Beton zur Bildung eines Verdrängerpfahles fließt, kann das Verdrängerpfahlwerkzeug nach dem Niederbringen innerhalb des offenen Profils unter Verlust der Bohrspitze und gleichzeitigem Einfüllen von Beton gezogen werden und somit quasi durch einen aus Beton erstellten Verdrängerpfahl ersetzt werden. Die im Boden erreichte Kompaktierung und damit Spannungserhöhung und Pfropfenbildung bleibt dabei im Wesentlichen erhalten, also die Verspannung wird durch Ausbetonieren mit der FDP-Pfahlherstellung dauerhaft gesichert. Nötigenfalls kann der Beton unter Druck zugeführt werden, um eine unerwünschte Bodenentlastung zu vermeiden. Dies kann zudem über die am offenen Profil angebrachten Drucksensoren auch noch nach Abbinden des Verdrängerpfahles kontrolliert werden.If the displacer tool has a lost drill bit so that as the displacer tool is pulled to form an opening through which the concrete to be poured flows to form a displacer pile, the displacer tool can be drawn after being dropped within the open profile, with loss of bit and concomitant filling of concrete and thus be virtually replaced by a displacement pile made of concrete. The compaction achieved in the soil and thus increase in stress and plug formation remains essentially preserved, ie the Tensioning is permanently secured by concreting with the FDP pile production. If necessary, the concrete can be supplied under pressure to avoid unwanted soil relief. This can also be controlled via the pressure profile attached to the open profile even after setting the positive displacement pile.

Wenn das Verdrängerpfahlwerkzeug und entsprechend der betonierte Verdrängerpfahl als Vollprofil 2 % bis 20 % der Querschnittsfläche des offenen Profils einnimmt, welches entlang der Profilachse zentral in den vom offenen Profil umschlossenen Bereich des Baugrunds eingesetzt ist, wird der Boden durch das Einsetzen des Verdrängungspfahles im vom offenen Profil umschlossenen Bereich kompaktiert und verspannt, womit dieser Bereich quasi einen Pfropfen bildet und entsprechend die Tragfähigkeit des Profils erhöht wird. Bevorzugt hat der Verdränungspfahl ca. 5 bis 10 % der Querschnittsdimension des offenen Profils.If the positive displacement pile tool and corresponding to the concrete displacement pole as solid profile occupies 2% to 20% of the cross-sectional area of the open profile, which is inserted centrally along the profile axis in the open profile of the ground, the soil is replaced by the insertion of the displacement pile in the open Profile enclosed area compacted and braced, making this area virtually forms a plug and accordingly increases the carrying capacity of the profile. Preferably, the displacement pile has about 5 to 10% of the cross-sectional dimension of the open profile.

Dadurch, dass das Profil in seiner Profilwandung Schwächungszonen oder Schlitze aufweist, an denen eine stärkere Aufdehnung des Profils möglich ist, wird beim Verspannen des vom offenen Profil umschlossenen Bereichs des Baugrunds eine stärkere Aufdehnung des Profils ermöglicht, so dass dieses auch mit der Außenseite der Profilwandung einen stärkeren Kontakt zu dem außen umgebenden Baugrund bewirkt, so dass hier die Bettungsspannung und die Mantelreibung weiter steigen. Entsprechend kann die Tragfähigkeit des eingebrachten Profils weiter erhöht werden. Schwächungszonen sind beispielsweise lokale Bereiche in der Profilwandung, die eine deutlich geringere Materialstärke aufweisen oder aus einem anderen, weicheren Material hergestellt sind. Bei der Verwendung von Schlitzen, die bevorzugt im Wesentlichen Profilachsen parallel ausgerichtet sind, kann das Aufweiten des Profils erheblich erleichtert werden. Die Schwächungszonen und/oder Schlitze dürfen jedoch die Festigkeit des Profils zur Einbringung in den Baugrund und Einleitung der Traglasten möglichst wenig schwächen.The fact that the profile in its profile wall weakening zones or slots, where a greater expansion of the profile is possible, a greater expansion of the profile is made possible during bracing of the open profile enclosed area of the ground, so that this also with the outside of the profile wall causes a stronger contact with the ground surrounding it, so that here the bedding stress and the skin friction continue to rise. Accordingly, the carrying capacity of the introduced profile can be further increased. Weakening zones are, for example, local areas in the profile wall, which have a significantly lower material thickness or are made of a different, softer material. When using slots, which are preferably aligned substantially parallel profile axes, the expansion of the profile can be significantly facilitated. However, the weakening zones and / or slits must as little as possible weaken the strength of the profile for introduction into the ground and initiation of the loads.

Nachfolgend wird die Erfindung anhand der beiliegenden Figuren detailliert beschrieben.The invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying figures.

Darin zeigt:

Fig. 1
ein offenes Profil in Rohrform, mit einem darin aufgenommenen Verdrängungskörper und
Fig. 2
die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Situation in einem Querschnitt.
It shows:
Fig. 1
an open profile in tube form, with a received therein displacement body and
Fig. 2
in the Fig. 1 illustrated situation in a cross section.

Fig. 1 zeigt ein offenes Profil 1, das mit einer Profilwandung 10 in Rohrform ausgebildet ist. Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, ist das offene Profil 1 für eine Bauwerksgründung senkrecht im Baugrund 2 eingebracht und steht zur weiteren baulichen Verwendung geringfügig mit seinem Profilkopf 11 über Bodenoberfläche 20 hinaus. Fig. 1 shows an open profile 1, which is formed with a profile wall 10 in tube form. How out Fig. 1 can be seen, the open profile 1 is introduced vertically for a building foundation in the ground 2 and is for further structural use slightly with his profile head 11 on the ground surface 20 addition.

Das offene Profil 1 ist beispielsweise durch Vibrieren in den Baugrund 2 eingebracht worden. Dabei erfolgt eine Bodenverdichtung mit Volumenabnahme und daraus resultierender deutlicher Abnahme der horizontalen Spannungen an den Kontaktflächen sowohl außenseitig um die Profilwandung 10 des offenen Profils 1, wie auch innenseitig. Erkennbar ist diese Volumenabnahme an einem sich ausbildenden Rutschtrichter außenseitig um das offene Profil 1 sowie auch analog innenseitig. Entsprechend verringert sich die Verspannung des eingebrachten offenen Profils 1 mit dem Baugrund 2, da durch die Volumenabnahme die Bodenspannung lokal deutlich verringert wird.The open profile 1 has been introduced, for example, by vibration in the ground 2. In this case, a soil compaction with volume decrease and the resulting significant decrease in the horizontal stresses on the contact surfaces both outside the profile wall 10 of the open profile 1, as well as on the inside. Recognizable this volume decrease is on a forming slip funnel on the outside of the open profile 1 and also on the inside. Accordingly, the tension of the introduced open profile 1 is reduced with the ground 2, as the soil tension is locally reduced significantly by the decrease in volume.

Im vom offenen Profil 1 umschlossenen Bereich 21 ist im Baugrund 2 ein Verdrängungskörper 4 in Form eines Verdrängerpfahlwerkzeuges 40 nahezu bis zum Profilfuß 12 des offenen Profils 1 niedergebracht. Dabei ist der Verdrängungskörper 4 im Wesentlichen entlang der Profilachse zentral innerhalb des offenen Profils 1 eingebracht worden. Diese Situation ist im Querschnitt in Fig. 2 dargestellt.In the area 21 enclosed by the open profile 1, a displacement body 4 in the form of a displacer pile tool 40 is brought down almost to the profile foot 12 of the open profile 1 in the ground 2. In this case, the displacement body 4 has been introduced substantially along the profile axis centrally within the open profile 1. This situation is in cross section in Fig. 2 shown.

Beim Niederbringen des Verdrängungspfahlwerkzeugs 40 innerhalb des offenen Profils 1 mit einem entsprechenden Bohrgerät wird das auf das Verdrängerpfahlwerkzeug 40 wirkende Drehmoment sowie die Auflast vom Bohrgerät gesteuert. Zur Überwachung der durch das Eindringen des Verdrängungskörpers 4 in dem offenen Profil 1 bewirkten Kompaktierung und damit Verspannung des Bodens 2 sind Drucksensoren 5 an der Profilwandung 10 des offenen Profils 1 angeordnet. Die Drucksensoren bestehen beispielsweise aus Dehnungsmessstreifen, die über eine Wirkverbindung 51 zu einer Auswerteeinheit 50 an der Bodenoberfläche 20 verbunden sind.As the displacement pile tool 40 is lowered within the open profile 1 with a corresponding drilling tool, the torque acting on the displacer pile tool 40 and the load on the drill are controlled. For monitoring the compaction caused by the penetration of the displacement body 4 in the open profile 1, and thus tensioning of the bottom 2, pressure sensors 5 are arranged on the profile wall 10 of the open profile 1. The pressure sensors consist for example of strain gauges, which are connected via an operative connection 51 to an evaluation unit 50 on the bottom surface 20.

Die an der Auswerteeinheit 50 ermittelten Bodenspannungswerte werden zur Dokumentation der Tragfähigkeitsverbesserung aufgezeichnet und in bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung unmittelbar zur Regelung des Einbringvorganges, also der vom Bohrgerät aufzubringenden Auflast und Drehmoment verwendet.The soil tension values determined at the evaluation unit 50 are recorded to document the carrying capacity improvement and, in a preferred embodiment of the invention, are used directly for controlling the introduction process, that is to say the ballast and torque to be applied by the drill.

Durch die Steuerung/Regelung des Verhältnisses von Vortriebsgeschwindigkeit zu Rotationsgeschwindigkeit wird entweder mehr Boden gefördert oder mehr Boden zur Seite verdrängt. Im letzteren Fall wird somit eine stärkere Bodenkompaktierung, Verspannung und somit Propfenbildung erreicht werden.By controlling the ratio of propulsion speed to rotational speed either more soil is conveyed or more soil displaced to the side. In the latter case, therefore, a stronger soil compaction, strain and thus grafting will be achieved.

Durch diese Verspannung des umschlossenen Bereichs 21 im Inneren des offenen Profils 1 wird somit quasi ein Verschluss des offenen Profils 1 erreicht und die Tragfähigkeit entsprechend der am Fuß 12 des Profils 1 herrschenden vertikalen Bodenspannung (hier parallele Pfeile am Profilfuß 12) erhöht.As a result of this tension of the enclosed area 21 in the interior of the open profile 1, closure of the open profile 1 is virtually achieved and the load-bearing capacity is increased in accordance with the vertical ground tension prevailing on the foot 12 of the profile 1 (here parallel arrows on the profile foot 12).

Durch den zentral in der Profilachse eingebrachten Verdrängungskörper 4 wird der Boden 2 im umschlossenen Bereich 21 stark verdichtet, so dass die mit radial nach außen gerichteten Pfeilen dargestellten Horizontalspannungen entstehen, die den Boden an die Innenseite der Profilwandung 10 des Profils 1 drängen. Entsprechend verspannt sich der Boden mit dem Profil 1 und bildet quasi einen Verschluss, so dass das gesetzte Profil 1 zusätzlich die im Bereich des Profilfußes 12 herrschende vertikale Bodenspannung, wie in Fig. 1 mit den parallelen Pfeilen dargestellt, als Last aufnehmen kann.As a result of the displacement body 4 introduced centrally in the profile axis, the base 2 is strongly compressed in the enclosed area 21, so that the horizontal stresses shown with radially outward-pointing arrows arise which force the floor against the inside of the profile wall 10 of the profile 1. Accordingly, the floor clamped to the profile 1 and forms a kind of closure, so that the set profile 1 in addition to the area the profile foot 12 prevailing vertical ground tension, as in Fig. 1 represented by the parallel arrows, can absorb as a load.

Dabei sind in der Querschnittdarstellung gem. Fig. 2 die im offenen Profil 1 im umschlossenen Bereich 21 des Baugrunds 2 radial wirkenden Horizontalkräfte so hoch, dass das offene Profil von der unverspannten Situation (gestrichelter Kreis; Grundzustand) leicht aufgeweitet wird (durchgehender Kreis). Diese elastische Aufweitung des Profils 1 kann beispielsweise durch Schwächungszonen oder Schlitze in der Profilwandung 10 weiter unterstützt werden. In dem hier dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sitzen außenseitig auf der Profilwandung 10 des offenen Profils 1 drei gleichwinklig umlaufend verteilte Drucksensoren 5 in Form von Dehnungsmessstreifen auf der Profilwandung 10, um die durch die Verspannung bewirkte Aufdehnung des offenen Profils kontrollieren zu können.Here are in the cross-sectional view acc. Fig. 2 the horizontal forces acting radially in the open profile 1 in the enclosed area 21 of the building ground 2 are so high that the open profile is slightly widened by the unstressed situation (dashed circle, ground state) (continuous circle). This elastic expansion of the profile 1 can be further supported, for example, by weakening zones or slots in the profile wall 10. In the embodiment shown here sit outside on the profile wall 10 of the open profile 1 three equiangularly distributed circumferentially pressure sensors 5 in the form of strain gauges on the profile wall 10 to control the caused by the tension expansion of the open profile can.

Durch die Aufdehnung des offenen Profils wird auch die Verspannung mit dem außenseitig des offenen Profils 1 liegenden Baugrundes 2 erhöht, wie durch die radial nach innen gerichteten Spannungspfeile angedeutet ist. Folglich wird die Mantelreibung an der Außenseite der Profilwandung 10 erhöht, womit die Tragfähigkeit des Profils 1 weiter gesteigert wird. Somit kann die Verspannung längs des Profils gezielt dort angebracht werden, wo eine Verspannung oder Traglasterhöhung gewünscht ist.Due to the expansion of the open profile, the tension is also increased with the ground 2 lying on the outside of the open profile 1, as indicated by the radially inwardly directed stress arrows. Consequently, the skin friction is increased on the outside of the profile wall 10, whereby the carrying capacity of the profile 1 is further increased. Thus, the tension along the profile can be selectively applied where a strain or load increase is desired.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
offenes Profilopen profile
1010
Profilwandungprofile wall
1111
Profilkopfprofile head
1212
Profilfußprofile base
22
BaugrundBuilding
2020
Bodenoberflächeground surface
2121
umschlossener Bereichenclosed area
44
Verdrängungskörperdisplacer
4040
VerdrängerpfahlwerkzeugVerdrängerpfahlwerkzeug
4141
Schneckengangsnail's pace
4242
verlorene Bohrspitzelost drill tip
55
Drucksensorpressure sensor
5050
Auswerteeinheitevaluation
5151
Wirkverbindungoperatively connected

Claims (14)

  1. A method of improving the load-bearing capacity of open profiles (1) with a profile wall (10) which are placed in a subsoil (2) with pore space, having the steps:
    - placing the profile (1) into the subsoil (2) and
    - subsequently bracing that region (21) of the subsoil (2) which is surrounded by the open profile (1) with the profile wall (10) by introducing displacement bodies (4) into that region (21) of the subsoil (2) which is surrounded by the open profile (1),
    wherein the displacement body (4) occupies part of the cross-sectional dimension of the open profile (1) upon insertion into that region (21) of the subsoil (2) which is surrounded by the open profile (1), characterized in that earth is conveyed and/or displaced to the side through rotary driving of the displacement body and control of the ratio of forward speed to rotation speed.
  2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that along the profile axis, a displacement body (4) is introduced centrally or a plurality of displacement bodies are introduced so as to be uniformly distributed and parallel to one another.
  3. A method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that upon lowering the displacement body (4) momentarily to the drilling depth, the applied torque and the active load are measured and controlled.
  4. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the open profile (1) is expanded slightly through the subsequent bracing of that region (21) of the subsoil (2) which is surrounded by the open profile (1) with the profile wall (10) by the introduction of the displacement body (4).
  5. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that upon lowering of the displacement body (4) momentarily to the drilling depth, the active earth pressure is measured at the open profile (1) and the applied torque and the active load are regulated dependent thereon.
  6. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that from the exerted torque and the applied axial force at the respective drilling depth there is determined the bracing produced there.
  7. A method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the placing of the open profile (1) takes place through vibration or installation.
  8. A system consisting of an open profile (1) and a subsoil (2) having a pore space, in which subsoil the profile (1) is placed, wherein that region (21) of the subsoil (2) which is surrounded by the open profile (1) is braced, through introduced displacement bodies (4), with the profile wall (10) of the profile (1), characterized in that the displacement body (4) is a displacement pile tool (40) which can be driven in rotation and which can be installed.
  9. A system according to claim 8, characterized in that a plurality of displacement bodies (4) are provided, which are distributed uniformly on the cross-section of the surrounded region (21) in a manner parallel to one another and to the profile axis.
  10. A system according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that single-use pressure sensors (5) are provided externally on the open profile (1) and/or internally on the profile wall (10), which pressure sensors have active connections (5) to an evaluation unit (50) at the ground surface (20).
  11. A system according to claim 8, 9 or 10, characterized in that the displacement pile tool (40) has a single-use drilling bit (42), so that upon drawing out of the displacement pile tool (40) there arises an opening through which there flows the concrete which is to be poured in to form a displacement pile.
  12. A system according to claim 11, characterized in that the displacement pile tool (40) and accordingly the concreted displacement pile as a solid profile (4) occupies 2% to 20% of the cross-sectional area of the open profile (1), which solid profile is inserted centrally along the profile axis into that region (21) of the subsoil (2) which is surrounded by the open profile (1).
  13. A system according to any one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the displacement pile tool (40) has a flight (41) at its outer wall.
  14. A system according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the profile (1) has in its profile wall (10) zones of weakness or slits at which a greater expansion of the profile (1) is possible.
EP14185746.6A 2014-09-22 2014-09-22 Method for improving the bearing capacity of open profiles placed in the foundation and system produced using the same Not-in-force EP2998448B1 (en)

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PL14185746T PL2998448T3 (en) 2014-09-22 2014-09-22 Method for improving the bearing capacity of open profiles placed in the foundation and system produced using the same
DK14185746.6T DK2998448T3 (en) 2014-09-22 2014-09-22 Process for carrying capacity-enhancement of open profiles inserted in building site, as well as system made using the same.

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017121037A1 (en) * 2017-09-12 2019-03-28 Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg Method for improving the sustainability of profiles set in the ground and profile for it

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0151389B1 (en) * 1984-01-11 1990-07-25 Stump Bohr GmbH Method and apparatus for constructing building elements in the soil like piles, injection anchorages, cut-off walls or similar
NL8700512A (en) 1986-10-06 1988-05-02 Ballast Nedam Groep Nv FOUNDATION AND METHOD FOR MAKING THEREOF
DK2706148T3 (en) 2012-08-30 2015-01-12 Tutech Innovation Gmbh Method for improving the load-bearing capacity of open profiles inserted in the subfloor and system therefor

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102017121037A1 (en) * 2017-09-12 2019-03-28 Technische Universität Hamburg-Harburg Method for improving the sustainability of profiles set in the ground and profile for it

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