EP1937429B1 - Method and apparatus for continuous casting - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for continuous casting Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1937429B1
EP1937429B1 EP06841185A EP06841185A EP1937429B1 EP 1937429 B1 EP1937429 B1 EP 1937429B1 EP 06841185 A EP06841185 A EP 06841185A EP 06841185 A EP06841185 A EP 06841185A EP 1937429 B1 EP1937429 B1 EP 1937429B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cooling
metal strip
section
continuous casting
strip
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EP06841185A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1937429A1 (en
Inventor
Uwe Plociennik
Jens Kempken
Peter Jonen
Ingo Schuster
Tilmann BÖCHER
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SMS Group GmbH
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SMS Demag AG
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/12—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ
    • B22D11/124—Accessories for subsequent treating or working cast stock in situ for cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/16—Controlling or regulating processes or operations
    • B22D11/22—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould
    • B22D11/225—Controlling or regulating processes or operations for cooling cast stock or mould for secondary cooling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • B22D11/141—Plants for continuous casting for vertical casting

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the continuous casting of slab, Dünnbrammen-, Vorblock-, Vorprofil-, Rundprofil-, Rohrprofil- or billet strands and the like of liquid metal in a continuous casting, in which metal emerges from a mold vertically downwards, wherein the metal strip then vertically downwardly guided along a vertical strand guide and thereby cooled, wherein the metal strip is then bent from the vertical direction in the horizontal direction and wherein in the end region of the bend in the horizontal direction or after the bend in the horizontal direction, a mechanical deformation of the metal strip he follows. Furthermore, the invention relates to a continuous casting plant, in particular for carrying out this method.
  • a generic method for continuous casting is for example from the EP 1 108 485 A1 or from the WO 2004/048016 A2 known.
  • liquid metal in particular steel
  • a mold wherein it solidifies and forms a metal band which is gradually diverted or bent from the vertical direction into the horizontal direction.
  • a vertical strand guide which initially leads the still very hot metal strip vertically below.
  • the metal strip is gradually bent by appropriate rollers or rollers in the horizontal.
  • the EP 1 108 485 A1 proposes for this purpose a device for cooling the cast strand in a cooling zone, in which the strand by means of pairs of rollers which are arranged transversely to the strand axis along the strand withdrawal direction one above the other, supported, wherein the application of coolant further cools the strand.
  • the proposed device comprises a coolant-conveying coolant element arranged between two rollers lying one on top of the other, which extends along the longitudinal axis of the rollers and is designed such that gaps are created between the respective cooling element and the roller and the cooling element and the strand. wherein the respective cooling element is provided with at least one coolant-conveying, opening into a gap channel.
  • the WO 2004/048016 A2 provides for optimal temperature control of the cast metal strip, which is determined by the outlet temperature, which is determined by controlling the surface temperature at the end of the metallurgical strand length of the cast strand, a dynamic spray system in the form of water volume distribution and pressure distribution or impulse distribution over the strand width and strand length functional to a is controlled for the strand length and the strand width calculated temperature profile curve.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object niezuentwickein a method of the type mentioned above and a corresponding device such that it is possible, in addition to optimal cooling of the metal strip also to achieve that the scaling of the strip surface is minimized.
  • the solution of this problem by the invention according to the method is achieved in that in the conveying direction of the metal strip behind the mold and before the mechanical deformation of the metal strip in a first section, a cooling of the metal strip with a heat transfer coefficient between 3,000 and 10,000 W / (m 2 K) , In the conveying direction after cooling in a second section by heat balance in the metal strip with or without reduced cooling of the surface of the metal strip, the surface of the metal strip is heated to a temperature Ac3 or Ar3, after which the mechanical deformation takes place in a third section.
  • the surfaces of the metal strip are cleaned before being exposed to the cooling medium for cooling, the effect of subsequent cooling can be further improved.
  • the cleaning can be done by descaling, for example, by the fact that in strand or metal strip extraction direction opposite each other, first reached by the metal strip / strand and thus foremost or topmost coolant (nozzles, nozzle bar od. Like.)
  • the cooling medium under high pressure Apply so that a descaling results.
  • the mechanical deformation in the third section can be a straightening process of the metal strip or include such a process. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the mechanical deformation in the third section is a rolling process of the metal strip or comprises such a process.
  • the cooling in the first section can be limited to the region of the vertical strand guide, designed as intensive cooling.
  • the term of the vertical strand guide should also include that the metal strip is guided largely vertically.
  • the cooling in the first section can also take place intermittently, wherein the metal strip / strand is alternately intensively and weakly cooled, for example by changing thedemediumbeaufschlagungsêt [I: min: m 2 ] and / or setting different distances of the coolant to the metal strip.
  • the proposed continuous casting for continuous casting of slabs, Dünnbrammen-, Vorblock-, Vorprofil-, Rundprofil-, Rohrprofil- or billet strands and the like of liquid metal, with a mold, from which the metal exits vertically downwards, a below the mold arranged vertical Strand guide and means for bending the metal strip from the vertical direction in the horizontal direction, wherein mechanical Umformkar for the metal strip are arranged in the end region of the bend in the horizontal direction or after the bend in the horizontal direction, according to the invention is characterized in that the vertical Strand guide has a number in the conveying direction of the metal strip disposed on both sides of the metal strip rollers, wherein in the region of the rollers first cooling means are arranged, with which a cooling fluid can be applied to the surface of the metal strip, wherein the cooling means in vertical and / or horizontal R ichtung are arranged displaceably and wherein additional second Coolant are arranged stationary in the vertical strand guide
  • the coolant can advantageously be designed to be oscillatable.
  • the first and / or the second coolant may have a housing, from which the cooling fluid is applied by means of at least one nozzle.
  • the cooling fluid can be applied from the housing by means of two nozzles or rows of nozzles.
  • a cooling with a defined intensity which is chosen so that on the one hand a high-quality metal strip can be produced, which has the desired microstructure and microstructure composition, but on the other hand also the degree of scaling of the strip surface minimal can be held.
  • the proposal also reduces the accumulation of undesirable side effects on the strip surface.
  • the proposed method reduces the risk of excretions or so-called "hot shortness", so that advantages are also achieved in this regard. Due to the lowering of the surface temperature required for the thermal shock - this should not be lower than the martensite start temperature - the austenite in the metal strip is converted into ferrite with a grain refining. In the subsequent reheating due to the large temperature gradient between the strand surface and the core of the metal strip, a re-conversion of the fine ferrite into austenite with small grains takes place. In these conversions, the aluminum nitrides (AIN) or other precipitates are overgrown, and on the grain boundaries are percent less aluminum nitrides than the large austenite grain before conversion. The finer structure is therefore less susceptible to cracking if excreta should be present.
  • the area for intensive cooling is provided so that the reheating can take place as early as possible.
  • the ferrite transformation and the subsequent transformation into austenite should take place before the mechanical loading of the strand surface, for example in the bending drivers.
  • said (intensive) cooling comprises about one-quarter to one-third of the (arc) path from the mold to the mechanical forming, followed by about three quarters or two-thirds of this path, on which no more or only reduced cooling is.
  • the proposed inventive intensive cooling can be arranged between the strand guide rollers and extend over a longer region of the strand guide depending on the desired cooling effect. It can also be advantageous, as stated, to apply the intensive cooling intermittently in order not to overcool the surface, especially in the case of materials susceptible to cracking.
  • the hot brittleness ie the cracking of the slab surface
  • the hot brittleness can be reduced, which can be caused in particular by a high copper content in the material. This is especially with scrap as starting material relevant, which sometimes has a correspondingly high copper content.
  • Fig. 1 schematically a continuous casting 2 is shown.
  • Liquid metallic material emerges vertically downwards as a strand 1 from a mold 3 in the conveying direction F and is gradually redirected from the vertical V to the horizontal H along a casting arc section.
  • a vertical strand guide 4 having a number of rollers 10 which guide the metal strip 1.
  • a number of rollers 9 act as a means for bending the metal strip 1 from the vertical V to the horizontal H.
  • this is a straightening driver which subjects the metal strip 1 to mechanical straightening by means of mechanical deformation and can also be provided with a rolling process, which is usually followed.
  • the area of the metal strip from the exit from the mold 3 to the mechanical deformation is subdivided into three sections: in a first section 6
  • a second section 7 virtually no more cooling is made, and located in the metal strip 1 heat warms the cooled surface of the metal strip 1 again.
  • the mechanical deformation takes place.
  • the exemplary embodiment shows that the first section 6 is again subdivided into subsections. This allows in a simple manner an intermittent cooling in the first section 6, namely an intensive cooling in a first section and a weaker or reduced or even no cooling in the at least one further follower section, which in turn can then be followed by an intensive cooling section and so on.
  • the cooling of the metal strip 1 is carried out with first coolants 11 and second coolants 12, as is best in Fig. 2 can be seen.
  • the first cooling means 11 work so intensively that a large cooling capacity is present.
  • the second coolant 12 is conventional and per se known coolant, which are used in previously known continuous casting.
  • the design of the coolant 11 is carried out so that the cooling of the metal strip 1 in the first section 6, in particular in the immediately following part of the mold 3, its in the extension direction F uppermost or frontmost coolant for descaling and thus cleaning the surfaces of the metal strip 1
  • High pressure switchable with a heat transfer coefficient between 3,000 and 10,000 W / (m 2 K) takes place. In this case, the majority of the cooling goes back to the first coolant 11.
  • the heat transfer coefficient (symbol ⁇ ), also called heat transfer coefficient or heat transfer coefficient, is a proportionality factor which determines the intensity of the heat transfer at a surface.
  • the heat transfer coefficient here describes the ability of a gas or a liquid to dissipate energy from the surface of a substance or to deliver it to the surface. It depends, among other things, on the specific heat, the density and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the heat-dissipating and the heat-delivering medium. The calculation of the coefficient for heat conduction usually takes place via the temperature difference of the media involved.
  • the factors mentioned immediately show that the design of the intensity of the cooling has direct effects on the heat transfer coefficient.
  • the cooling capacity can be influenced for example by changing the horizontal distance between the cooling means 11 and 12 and the metal strip 1; it becomes lower, the greater the distance.
  • the mentioned coolant 11 are not needed for every application. Therefore, they are - how it looks Fig. 2 emerges - arranged displaceably in the vertical direction, with corresponding means of movement are not shown. Shown are the coolant 11 in solid lines in its active position, wherein the ejected jet cooling water takes the outlined course.
  • the coolant 11 can be moved vertically in the position shown in dashed lines, so that a classic, lower, d. H. less intensive cooling by the coolant 12 is accomplished.
  • the cooling means 11 have a housing 13, on whose side facing the metal strip 1, two nozzles 14 and 15 or rows of nozzles extending perpendicularly to the plane of the drawing over the metal strip 1 are arranged.
  • the housing 13 has in its interior according to two chambers 16, 17 which are each fluidly connected to a water supply line.
  • the nozzles 14 and 15 are designed differently, so that different amounts of water currents can be directed to the metal strip 1 - depending on the technological need to achieve a scale-free as possible and thus cleaned surface of Metallbandes1.
  • the nozzles may also be designed as nozzle bars, d. H. as a beam which extends across the width of the metal strip 1 and passes cooling water from a number of nozzle openings on the strip surface.
  • the proposed device for intensive cooling thus has a housing which can be pushed with a small distance between the continuous casting guide rollers 10 and thus forms a cooling channel.
  • the housing 13 can be protected from destruction by a fender (not shown) in the event of a breakthrough, so that it can be reused in this case.
  • a fender not shown
  • the cooling effect can be influenced. Further influence on the cooling effect can be achieved by the construction of the housing and the nozzles 14, 15.
  • a subcooling of the edge region of the metal strip can also be avoided by switching on and off of nozzle groups.
  • spray nozzles can also be used. These should be distributed close to each other across the width of the metal strip to achieve the necessary cooling and cooling and grain refining and descaling effect associated therewith. By switching these groups on and off, subcooling of the edges can also be avoided.
  • the nozzles can be deactivated, swung away, moved away or the flow of cooling medium (water) can be lowered to ensure standard cooling.
  • additional cooling consisting of several provided with spray nozzles spray bar are used with a separate water supply.
  • the additional spray bars are only switched on when needed.
  • subcooling of the edges can also be avoided here by switching on and off of nozzle groups.
  • Such nozzles are not used for the present invention because of their excessive cooling effect and the associated low surface temperature of the surface of the metal strip or they are not useful here.
  • the core idea according to the invention can therefore be seen in the fact that intensive cooling takes place in the area of secondary cooling, in particular in thin slab plants, in order to achieve a cleaning of the surface of the slab in which the intensive cooling begins shortly after the mold, viewed in the conveying direction.
  • the cooling ends so early that reheating can take place above the temperature Ac3 or Ar3 before mechanical stresses occur, as is the case, for example, with the bending driver.
  • the aim is to have no or only a small excretion on the grain boundaries.
  • the proposed device for intensive cooling has a significantly higher cooling effect than is otherwise the case with the secondary cooling of a continuous casting plant.
  • the usual heat transfer coefficients are between 500 W / (m 2 K) and 2,500 W / (m 2 K).
  • descaling plants are known in which a cooling device is used which realizes heat transfer numbers of more than 20,000 W / (m 2 K).
  • the heat transfer rates required here are - as already indicated above - material-dependent and also dependent on the casting speed. They result from the maximum cooling rate at which no martensite or interstitial structure is yet produced.
  • the cooling rate is about 2,500 ° C / min, which corresponds to a heat transfer coefficient of about 5,500 W / (m 2 K) at a casting speed of 5.0 m / min.
  • the intensity of the cooling can be varied by the number of nozzles arranged side by side. Furthermore, it is also possible to use additional nozzle bars to conventional spray cooling devices.
  • the length of the intensive cooling - viewed in the conveying direction F - is determined by the solidification structure to 2 mm below the surface of the metal strip. In the case of dendritic solidification, the intensive cooling length is lengthened by about a factor of 2 to 3 compared with the length in the case of globulitic solidification.
  • the heat transfer coefficient also results from the design of the coolant, in this case in particular the first coolant 11.
  • the number is selected specifically in the claimed range, since the conditions for intensive cooling of the finished metal strip 1 are optimal and at the same time a largely scaling belt surface can be achieved.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
  • Casting Devices For Molds (AREA)

Abstract

The cast strip is cooled in a first section (6) between the continuous casting die (3) and the mechanical deformation stage (5). The heat transfer coefficient lies between 2500 W/m 2>K and 20000 W/m 2>K. In the next section (7), temperature equalization commences within the metal strip, with or without reduced surface cooling. The result is surface heating to a temperature exceeding Ac3 or Ar3 (temperature arrest points representing transformations). Then in a third section (8), mechanical deformation (5) takes place. The heat transfer coefficient in the first section is 3000 W/m 2>K to 10000 W/m 2>K. Before cooling, the strip surfaces are cleaned. The first section is divided, for intermittent cooling. In the first subsection (6A) just after the continuous casting die, it is cooled intensively; in the following subsection (6B) cooling is reduced and then becomes more intensive. The mechanical deformation process (5), i.e. rolling or similar, causes straightening. Cooling in the first section is confined to the vertical section. The strand guidance (4) in this section is provided by metal rollers (10) with coolers (11) applying liquid to the strip surface. These can be moved vertically and/or horizontally. They can be oscillated. More fixed coolers are included. All coolers may be encased. The coolant is projected by nozzles. An independent claim IS INCLUDED FOR the corresponding continuous casting plant.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Stranggießen von Brammen-, Dünnbrammen-, Vorblock-, Vorprofil-, Rundprofil-, Rohrprofil- oder Knüppelsträngen und dergleichen aus flüssigem Metall in einer Stranggießanlage, bei dem Metall aus einer Kokille senkrecht nach unten austritt, wobei das Metallband dann entlang einer senkrechten Strangführung vertikal abwärts geführt und dabei gekühlt wird, wobei das Metallband dann aus der vertikalen Richtung in die horizontale Richtung umgebogen wird und wobei im Endbereich der Umbiegung in die horizontale Richtung oder nach der Umbiegung in die horizontale Richtung eine mechanische Umformung des Metallbandes erfolgt. Des weiteren betrifft die Erfindung eine Stranggießanlage, insbesondere zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens.The invention relates to a method for the continuous casting of slab, Dünnbrammen-, Vorblock-, Vorprofil-, Rundprofil-, Rohrprofil- or billet strands and the like of liquid metal in a continuous casting, in which metal emerges from a mold vertically downwards, wherein the metal strip then vertically downwardly guided along a vertical strand guide and thereby cooled, wherein the metal strip is then bent from the vertical direction in the horizontal direction and wherein in the end region of the bend in the horizontal direction or after the bend in the horizontal direction, a mechanical deformation of the metal strip he follows. Furthermore, the invention relates to a continuous casting plant, in particular for carrying out this method.

Ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zum Stranggießen ist beispielsweise aus der EP 1 108 485 A1 oder aus der WO 2004/048016 A2 bekannt. Hierbei wird flüssiges Metall, insbesondere Stahl, über eine Kokille senkrecht nach unten ausgebracht, wobei es sich verfestigt und ein Metallband bildet, das allmählich aus der vertikalen Richtung in die horizontale Richtung umgeleitet bzw. umgebogen wird. Unmittelbar unterhalb der Kokille befindet sich eine senkrechte Strangführung, die das noch sehr heiße Metallband zunächst vertikal unten führt. Anschließend wird das Metallband durch entsprechende Walzen bzw. Rollen allmählich in die Horizontale umgebogen. Ist dies erfolgt, schließt sich zumeist ein Richtprozess an, d. h. das Metallband läuft durch eine Richtvorrichtung, in der eine mechanische Verformung des Metallbandes stattfindet.A generic method for continuous casting is for example from the EP 1 108 485 A1 or from the WO 2004/048016 A2 known. In this case, liquid metal, in particular steel, is discharged vertically downwards via a mold, wherein it solidifies and forms a metal band which is gradually diverted or bent from the vertical direction into the horizontal direction. Immediately below the mold is a vertical strand guide, which initially leads the still very hot metal strip vertically below. Subsequently, the metal strip is gradually bent by appropriate rollers or rollers in the horizontal. Once this has taken place, usually a straightening process follows, ie the metal band passes through a straightening device in which a mechanical deformation of the metal band takes place.

Ähnliche Lösungen sind in der JP 63 112058 A , in der WO 03/013763 A , in der EP 0 611 610 A1 , in der DE 22 08 928 A1 , in der DE 24 35 495 A1 , in der DE 25 07 971 A1 , in der EP 0 343 103 A1 , in der EP 1 243 343 B1 , in der EP 1 356 868 B1 und in der EP 1 366 838 A beschrieben.Similar solutions are in the JP 63 112058 A , in the WO 03/013763 A , in the EP 0 611 610 A1 , in the DE 22 08 928 A1 , in the DE 24 35 495 A1 , in the DE 25 07 971 A1 , in the EP 0 343 103 A1 , in the EP 1 243 343 B1 , in the EP 1 356 868 B1 and in the EP 1 366 838 A described.

Der Kühlung des Metallbandes nach seinem Austritt aus der Kokille kommt eine wichtige Bedeutung zu. Die EP 1 108 485 A1 schlägt hierzu eine Vorrichtung zum Kühlen des Gussstranges in einer Kühlzone vor, in der der Strang mittels Rollenpaaren, die quer zur Strangachse entlang der Strangabzugsrichtung übereinander angeordnet sind, stützend geführt wird, wobei das Aufbringen von Kühlmittel den Strang weiter abkühlt. Zur effizienten Kühlung des Metallbandes umfasst die vorgeschlagene Vorrichtung ein zwischen jeweils zwei übereinander liegenden Rollen angeordnetes kühlmittelförderndes Kühlmittelelement, das sich entlang der Längsachse der Rollen erstreckt und so gestaltet ist, dass zwischen dem jeweiligen Kühlelement und der Rolle sowie dem Kühlelement und dem Strang Spalträume entstehen, wobei das jeweilige Kühlelement mit mindestens einem kühlmittelfördernden, in einen Spaltraum mündenden Kanal versehen ist.The cooling of the metal strip after its exit from the mold is of great importance. The EP 1 108 485 A1 proposes for this purpose a device for cooling the cast strand in a cooling zone, in which the strand by means of pairs of rollers which are arranged transversely to the strand axis along the strand withdrawal direction one above the other, supported, wherein the application of coolant further cools the strand. For efficient cooling of the metal strip, the proposed device comprises a coolant-conveying coolant element arranged between two rollers lying one on top of the other, which extends along the longitudinal axis of the rollers and is designed such that gaps are created between the respective cooling element and the roller and the cooling element and the strand. wherein the respective cooling element is provided with at least one coolant-conveying, opening into a gap channel.

Die WO 2004/048016 A2 sieht zur optimalen Temperaturführung des gegossenen Metallbandes vor, das über die Auslauftemperatur, die durch Kontrolle der Oberflächentemperatur am Ende der metallurgischen Stranglänge des Gießstrangs ermittelt wird, ein dynamisches Spritzsystem in Form der Wassermengenverteilung und Druckverteilung bzw. Impulsverteilung über die Strangbreite und die Stranglänge funktional zu einer für die Stranglänge und die Strangbreite errechneten Temperaturverlaufskurve gesteuert wird.The WO 2004/048016 A2 provides for optimal temperature control of the cast metal strip, which is determined by the outlet temperature, which is determined by controlling the surface temperature at the end of the metallurgical strand length of the cast strand, a dynamic spray system in the form of water volume distribution and pressure distribution or impulse distribution over the strand width and strand length functional to a is controlled for the strand length and the strand width calculated temperature profile curve.

Eine Vielzahl weiterer Lösungen beschäftigt sich gleichermaßen mit der Frage, wie ein gegossener Metallstrang effizient und in verfahrenstechnisch richtiger Weise gekühlt werden kann. Hierzu wird auf die JP 61074763 A , die JP 9057412 , auf die EP 0 650 790 B1 , auf die US 6,374,901 B1 , auf die US 2002/0129921 A1 ; auf die EP 0 686 702 B1 , auf die WO 01/91943 A1 , auf die JP 2004167521 und auf die JP 2002079356 hingewiesen.A large number of other solutions are equally concerned with the question of how a cast metal strand can be cooled efficiently and in terms of process technology. This is on the JP 61074763 A , the JP 9057412 , on the EP 0 650 790 B1 , on the US 6,374,901 B1 , on the US 2002/0129921 A1 ; on the EP 0 686 702 B1 , on the WO 01/91943 A1 , on the JP 2004167521 and on the JP 2002079356 pointed.

Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass neben der verfahrenstechnisch richtigen bzw. effizienten Kühlung des gegossenen Metallbandes dessen Verzunderung eine erhebliche Rolle spielt. Infolge der sehr hohen Temperatur des Metallbandes unmittelbar nach dem Austritt des Metalls aus der Kokille unterliegt das Band einem starken Verzunderungseffekt, der insbesondere die nachfolgenden Prozessschritte nachteilig beeinflusst. Es ist daher anzustreben, dass der Grad der Verzunderung möglichst gering gehalten wird.It has been found that in addition to the procedurally correct or efficient cooling of the cast metal strip whose scaling a plays a significant role. Due to the very high temperature of the metal strip immediately after the exit of the metal from the mold, the strip is subject to a strong scaling effect, which adversely affects in particular the subsequent process steps. It is therefore desirable to keep the degree of scaling as low as possible.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art sowie eine entsprechende Vorrichtung derart weiterzuentwickein, dass es möglich wird, neben einer optimalen Kühlung des Metallbandes auch zu erreichen, dass die Verzunderung der Bandoberfläche minimal gehalten wird.The invention is therefore based on the object weiterzuentwickein a method of the type mentioned above and a corresponding device such that it is possible, in addition to optimal cooling of the metal strip also to achieve that the scaling of the strip surface is minimized.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe durch die Erfindung ist verfahrensgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass in Förderrichtung des Metallbandes hinter der Kokille und vor der mechanischen Umformung des Metallbandes in einem ersten Abschnitt eine Kühlung des Metallbandes mit einer Wärmeübergangszahl zwischen 3.000 und 10.000 W/(m2 K) erfolgt, wobei in Förderrichtung nach der Kühlung in einem zweiten Abschnitt durch Wärmeausgleich im Metallband ohne oder mit reduzierter Kühlung der Oberfläche des Metallbandes eine Erwärmung der Oberfläche des Metallbandes auf eine Temperatur über Ac3 bzw. Ar3 erfolgt, wonach in einem dritten Abschnitt die mechanische Umformung erfolgt.The solution of this problem by the invention according to the method is achieved in that in the conveying direction of the metal strip behind the mold and before the mechanical deformation of the metal strip in a first section, a cooling of the metal strip with a heat transfer coefficient between 3,000 and 10,000 W / (m 2 K) , In the conveying direction after cooling in a second section by heat balance in the metal strip with or without reduced cooling of the surface of the metal strip, the surface of the metal strip is heated to a temperature Ac3 or Ar3, after which the mechanical deformation takes place in a third section.

Wenn nach einem bevorzugten Vorschlag der Erfindung die Oberflächen des Metallbandes vor der Beaufschlagung mit dem Kühlmedium zur Kühlung gesäubert werden, lässt sich die Wirkung der nachfolgend einsetzenden Kühlung weiter verbessern. Das Säubern kann durch Entzundern erfolgen, beispielsweise dadurch, dass die in Strang- bzw. Metallband-Auszugsrichtung einander gegenüberliegeriden, zuerst von dem Metallband/Strang erreichten und somit vordersten bzw. obersten Kühlmittel (Düsen, Düsenbalken od. dgl.) das Kühlmedium unter Hochdruck aufbringen, so dass sich eine Entzunderung ergibt.If, according to a preferred proposal of the invention, the surfaces of the metal strip are cleaned before being exposed to the cooling medium for cooling, the effect of subsequent cooling can be further improved. The cleaning can be done by descaling, for example, by the fact that in strand or metal strip extraction direction opposite each other, first reached by the metal strip / strand and thus foremost or topmost coolant (nozzles, nozzle bar od. Like.) The cooling medium under high pressure Apply so that a descaling results.

Die mechanische Umformung in dem dritten Abschnitt kann dabei ein Richtprozess des Metallbandes sein oder einen solchen Prozess umfassen. Alternativ oder additiv kann vorgesehen werden, dass die mechanische Umformung in dem dritten Abschnitt ein Walzprozess des Metallbandes ist oder einen solchen Prozess umfaßt.The mechanical deformation in the third section can be a straightening process of the metal strip or include such a process. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the mechanical deformation in the third section is a rolling process of the metal strip or comprises such a process.

Die Kühlung im ersten Abschnitt kann -als Intensivkühlung ausgebildet - auf den Bereich der senkrechten Strangführung beschränkt werden. In diesem Zusammenhang ist anzumerken, dass der Begriff der senkrechten Strangführung auch umfassen soll, dass das Metallband weitgehend vertikal geführt wird.The cooling in the first section can be limited to the region of the vertical strand guide, designed as intensive cooling. In this context, it should be noted that the term of the vertical strand guide should also include that the metal strip is guided largely vertically.

Die Kühlung im ersten Abschnitt kann auch intermittierend erfolgen, wobei das Metallband/der Strang abwechselnd intensiv und schwach gekühlt wird, z.B. durch Veränderung der Kühlmediumbeaufschlagungsdichte [ I: min:m2] und/oder Einstellung unterschiedlicher Abstände der Kühlmittel zum Metallband.The cooling in the first section can also take place intermittently, wherein the metal strip / strand is alternately intensively and weakly cooled, for example by changing the Kühlmediumbeaufschlagungsdichte [I: min: m 2 ] and / or setting different distances of the coolant to the metal strip.

Die vorgeschlagene Stranggießanlage zum Stranggießen von Brammen-, Dünnbrammen-, Vorblock-, Vorprofil-, Rundprofil-, Rohrprofil- oder Knüppelsträngen und dergleichen aus flüssigem Metall, mit einer Kokille, aus der das Metall senkrecht nach unten austritt, einer unterhalb der Kokille angeordneten senkrechten Strangführung und Mitteln zum Umbiegen des Metallbandes aus der vertikalen Richtung in die horizontale Richtung, wobei im Endbereich der Umbiegung in die horizontale Richtung oder nach der Umbiegung in die horizontale Richtung mechanische Umformmittel für das Metallband angeordnet sind, zeichnet sich erfindungsgemäß dadurch aus, dass die senkrechte Strangführung eine Anzahl in Förderrichtung des Metallbandes beiderseitig des Metallbandes angeordnete Rollen aufweist, wobei im Bereich der Rollen erste Kühlmittel angeordnet sind, mit denen ein Kühlfluid auf die Oberfläche des Metallbandes aufgebracht werden kann, wobei die Kühlmittel in vertikale und/oder horizontale Richtung verschieblich angeordnet sind und wobei zusätzliche zweite Kühlmittel im Bereich der senkrechten Strangführung ortsfest angeordnet sindThe proposed continuous casting for continuous casting of slabs, Dünnbrammen-, Vorblock-, Vorprofil-, Rundprofil-, Rohrprofil- or billet strands and the like of liquid metal, with a mold, from which the metal exits vertically downwards, a below the mold arranged vertical Strand guide and means for bending the metal strip from the vertical direction in the horizontal direction, wherein mechanical Umformmittel for the metal strip are arranged in the end region of the bend in the horizontal direction or after the bend in the horizontal direction, according to the invention is characterized in that the vertical Strand guide has a number in the conveying direction of the metal strip disposed on both sides of the metal strip rollers, wherein in the region of the rollers first cooling means are arranged, with which a cooling fluid can be applied to the surface of the metal strip, wherein the cooling means in vertical and / or horizontal R ichtung are arranged displaceably and wherein additional second Coolant are arranged stationary in the vertical strand guide

Alternativ oder ergänzend können die Kühlmittel vorteilhaft oszillierbar ausgebildet sein.Alternatively or additionally, the coolant can advantageously be designed to be oscillatable.

Die ersten und/oder die zweiten Kühlmittel können ein Gehäuse aufweisen, aus dem das Kühlfluid mittels mindestens einer Düse aufgebracht wird. Das Kühlfluid kann aus dem Gehäuse mittels zweier Düsen oder Düsenreihen aufgebracht werden.The first and / or the second coolant may have a housing, from which the cooling fluid is applied by means of at least one nozzle. The cooling fluid can be applied from the housing by means of two nozzles or rows of nozzles.

Gemäß dem Erfindungsvorschlag erfolgt im Bereich der Sekundärkühlung des Metallbandes eine Kühlung mit definierter Intensität, die so gewählt ist, dass einerseits ein qualitativ hochwertiges Metallband produziert werden kann, das die gewünschte Gefügestruktur und Gefügezusammensetzung aufweist, dass andererseits aber auch der Grad der Verzunderung der Bandoberfläche minimal gehalten werden kann.According to the proposal of the invention, in the area of the secondary cooling of the metal strip, a cooling with a defined intensity, which is chosen so that on the one hand a high-quality metal strip can be produced, which has the desired microstructure and microstructure composition, but on the other hand also the degree of scaling of the strip surface minimal can be held.

Durch den Vorschlag wird auch die Anreicherung von unerwünschten Begleiterscheinungen an der Bandoberfläche vermindert.The proposal also reduces the accumulation of undesirable side effects on the strip surface.

Durch die vorgeschlagene Vorgehensweise entsteht ein so hinreichender Thermoschock, dass sich auf der Oberfläche des Metallbandes befindliche Oxidschichten abtrennen und fortgespült werden. Das führt zu einer gesäuberten Strangoberfläche, was für eine gleichmäßige Abkühlung des Metallbandes und auch für eine mögliche Aufheizung im Tunnelofen von Vorteil ist.Due to the proposed procedure, a sufficient thermal shock results that oxide layers located on the surface of the metal strip are separated off and washed away. This leads to a cleaned strand surface, which is advantageous for uniform cooling of the metal strip and also for possible heating in the tunnel kiln.

Das vorgeschlagene Verfahren vermindert die Gefahr durch Ausscheidungen oder von so genannter "Hot Shortness", so dass auch diesbezüglich Vorteile erzielt werden. Durch die für den Thermoschock notwendige Absenkung der Oberflächentemperatur - diese sollte die Martensitstarttemperatur nicht unterschreiten - erfolgt eine Umwandlung des Austenits im Metallband in Ferrit, verbunden mit einer Kornfeinung. Bei der sich anschließenden Wiedererwärmung infolge des großen Temperaturgradienten zwischen Strangoberfläche und Kern des Metallbandes erfolgt eine Rückumwandlung des feinen Ferrits in Austenit mit kleinen Körnern. Bei diesen Umwandlungen werden die Aluminiumnitride (AIN) oder andere Ausscheidungen überwachsen, und auf den Korngrenzen befinden sich prozentual weniger Aluminiumnitride als bei dem großen Austenitkorn vor der Umwandlung. Das feinere Gefüge ist daher weniger rissanfällig, wenn Ausscheidungen vorliegen sollten.The proposed method reduces the risk of excretions or so-called "hot shortness", so that advantages are also achieved in this regard. Due to the lowering of the surface temperature required for the thermal shock - this should not be lower than the martensite start temperature - the austenite in the metal strip is converted into ferrite with a grain refining. In the subsequent reheating due to the large temperature gradient between the strand surface and the core of the metal strip, a re-conversion of the fine ferrite into austenite with small grains takes place. In these conversions, the aluminum nitrides (AIN) or other precipitates are overgrown, and on the grain boundaries are percent less aluminum nitrides than the large austenite grain before conversion. The finer structure is therefore less susceptible to cracking if excreta should be present.

In der Strangführung unterhalb der Kokille ist der Bereich für die Intensivkühlung vorgesehen, damit die Wiedererwärmung möglichst früh erfolgen kann. Die Ferrit-Umwandlung und die anschließende Umwandlung in Austenit sollen vor der mechanischen Belastung der Strangoberfläche, beispielsweise in den Biegetreibern, erfolgen. Durch diese Maßnahme wird die Gefahr der Rissbildung reduziert, die infolge der Temperaturserokung des Stranges durch den Thermoschock besteht. Eine Ausführungsform des Verfahrens sieht vor, dass die genannte (Intensiv)-Kühlung etwa ein Viertel bis ein Drittel des (Bogen-)Weges von der Kokille bis zur mechanischen Umformung umfasst, woran sich ca. drei Viertel bzw. zwei Drittel dieses Weges anschließen, auf denen nicht mehr oder nur reduziert gekühlt wird.In the strand guide below the mold, the area for intensive cooling is provided so that the reheating can take place as early as possible. The ferrite transformation and the subsequent transformation into austenite should take place before the mechanical loading of the strand surface, for example in the bending drivers. By this measure, the risk of cracking is reduced, which is due to the temperature erosion of the strand by the thermal shock. An embodiment of the method provides that said (intensive) cooling comprises about one-quarter to one-third of the (arc) path from the mold to the mechanical forming, followed by about three quarters or two-thirds of this path, on which no more or only reduced cooling is.

Die erfindungsgemäße vorgesehene Intensivkühlung kann zwischen den Strangführungsrollen angeordnet sein und sich je nach gewünschter Kühlwirkung über einen längeren Bereich der Strangführung erstrecken. Es kann - wie erwährt - auch vorteilhaft sein, die Intensivkühlung intermittierend anzuwenden, um die Oberfläche insbesondere bei rissempfindlichen Werkstoffen nicht zu sehr zu unterkühlen.The proposed inventive intensive cooling can be arranged between the strand guide rollers and extend over a longer region of the strand guide depending on the desired cooling effect. It can also be advantageous, as stated, to apply the intensive cooling intermittently in order not to overcool the surface, especially in the case of materials susceptible to cracking.

Damit kann auch die Warmbrüchigkeit, d. h. die Rissbildung an der Brammenoberfläche, vermindert werden, die insbesondere durch einen hohen Kupfergehalt im Material entstehen kann. Dies ist insbesondere bei Schrott als Ausgangsmaterial relevant, der mitunter einen entsprechend hohen Kupfergehalt aufweist.Thus, the hot brittleness, ie the cracking of the slab surface, can be reduced, which can be caused in particular by a high copper content in the material. This is especially with scrap as starting material relevant, which sometimes has a correspondingly high copper content.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung dargestellt. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
schematisch eine Stranggießanlage in der Seitenansicht mit der Dar- stellung einiger der Komponenten der Anlage;
Fig. 2
einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus Fig. 1, nämlich den rechten Ast der senkrechten Strangführung mit ersten und zweiten Kühlmitteln;
Fig. 3
einen weiter vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus Fig. 2 mit zwei Rollen und einem dazwischen angeordnetem Kühlmittel; und
Fig. 4
das Kühlmittel gemäß Fig. 3 im Detail.
In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are shown. Show it:
Fig. 1
schematically a continuous casting in the side view with the representation of some of the components of the system;
Fig. 2
an enlarged section Fig. 1 namely, the right branch of the vertical strand guide with first and second cooling means;
Fig. 3
a further enlarged section Fig. 2 with two rollers and a coolant arranged therebetween; and
Fig. 4
the coolant according to Fig. 3 in detail.

In Fig. 1 ist schematisch eine Stranggießanlage 2 dargestellt. Flüssiges metallisches Material tritt vertikal nach unten als Strang bzw. Metallband 1 aus einer Kokille 3 in Förderrichtung F aus und wird entlang eines Gießbogenabschnitts allmählich von der Vertikalen V in die Horizontale H umgeleitet. Unmittelbar unterhalb der "Kokille 3 befindet sich eine senkrechte Strangführung 4, die eine Anzahl Rollen 10 aufweist, die das Metallband 1 nach unten führen. Eine Anzahl Rollen 9 fungieren als Mittel zum Umbiegen des Metallbandes 1 von der Vertikalen V in die Horizontale H. Nach erfolgter Umbiegung trifft das Metallband 1 in Mitteln 5 zur mechanischen Umformung ein. Vorliegend handelt es sich hierbei um einen Richttreiber, der das Metallband 1 durch mechanische Umformung einem Richtprozess unterzieht. Vorgesehen werden kann auch ein Walzprozess, der sich zumeist anschließt.In Fig. 1 schematically a continuous casting 2 is shown. Liquid metallic material emerges vertically downwards as a strand 1 from a mold 3 in the conveying direction F and is gradually redirected from the vertical V to the horizontal H along a casting arc section. Immediately below the mold 3 is a vertical strand guide 4 having a number of rollers 10 which guide the metal strip 1. A number of rollers 9 act as a means for bending the metal strip 1 from the vertical V to the horizontal H. After In the present case, this is a straightening driver which subjects the metal strip 1 to mechanical straightening by means of mechanical deformation and can also be provided with a rolling process, which is usually followed.

Der Bereich des Metallbandes vom Austritt aus der Kokille 3 bis zur mechanischen Umformung ist in drei Abschnitte unterteilt: In einem ersten Abschnitt 6 erfolgt eine Intensivkühlung des heißen Metallbandes 1, in einem zweiten Abschnitt 7 wird praktisch keine Kühlung mehr vorgenommen, und die sich im Metallband 1 befindliche Wärme wärmt die gekühlte Oberfläche des Metallbandes 1 wieder auf. Vorrangig im dritten Abschnitt 8, aber auch bereits schon im zweiten Abschnitt 7, findet dann schließlich die mechanische Umformung statt. Das Ausführungsbeispiel zeigt, dass der erste Abschnitt 6 in sich nochmals in Teilabschnitte unterteilt ist. Das ermöglicht in einfacher Weise eine intermittierende Kühlung in dem ersten Abschnitt 6, nämlich eine Intensivkühlung in einem ersten Teilabschnitt und eine schwächere bzw. reduzierte oder auch gar keine Kühlung in dem zumindest einen weiteren Folgeteilabschnitt, dem sich nämlich wiederum ein Intensivkühlabschnitt usw. anschließend kann.The area of the metal strip from the exit from the mold 3 to the mechanical deformation is subdivided into three sections: in a first section 6 There is an intensive cooling of the hot metal strip 1, in a second section 7 virtually no more cooling is made, and located in the metal strip 1 heat warms the cooled surface of the metal strip 1 again. Primarily in the third section 8, but also already in the second section 7, then finally the mechanical deformation takes place. The exemplary embodiment shows that the first section 6 is again subdivided into subsections. This allows in a simple manner an intermittent cooling in the first section 6, namely an intensive cooling in a first section and a weaker or reduced or even no cooling in the at least one further follower section, which in turn can then be followed by an intensive cooling section and so on.

Die Kühlung des Metallbandes 1 erfolgt mit ersten Kühlmitteln 11 und zweiten Kühlmitteln 12, wie es am besten in Fig. 2 gesehen werden kann. Die ersten Kühlmitteln 11 arbeiten so intensiv, dass eine große Kühlleistung vorliegt. Bei den zweiten Kühlmitteln 12 handelt es sich um übliche und an sich vorbekannte Kühlmittel, die bei vorbekannten Stranggießanlagen eingesetzt werden. Die Auslegung der Kühlmittel 11 erfolgt so, dass die Kühlung des Metallbandes 1 im ersten Abschnitt 6, insbesondere in dem sich der Kokille 3 unmittelbar anschließenden Teilabschnitt, dessen in Auszugsrichtung F obersten bzw. vordersten Kühlmittel zur Entzunderung und damit Säuberung der Oberflächen des Metallbandes 1 auf Hochdruck umschaltbar sind, mit einer Wärmeübergangszahl zwischen 3.000 und 10.000 W/(m2 K) erfolgt. Dabei geht der überwiegende Anteil der Kühlung auf die ersten Kühlmittel 11 zurück.The cooling of the metal strip 1 is carried out with first coolants 11 and second coolants 12, as is best in Fig. 2 can be seen. The first cooling means 11 work so intensively that a large cooling capacity is present. The second coolant 12 is conventional and per se known coolant, which are used in previously known continuous casting. The design of the coolant 11 is carried out so that the cooling of the metal strip 1 in the first section 6, in particular in the immediately following part of the mold 3, its in the extension direction F uppermost or frontmost coolant for descaling and thus cleaning the surfaces of the metal strip 1 High pressure switchable, with a heat transfer coefficient between 3,000 and 10,000 W / (m 2 K) takes place. In this case, the majority of the cooling goes back to the first coolant 11.

Zur genannten Wärmeübergangszahl sei bemerkt: Die Wärmeübergangszahl (Formelzeichen α), auch Wärmeübergangskoeffizient oder Wärmeübertragungskoeffizient genannt, ist ein Proportionalitätsfaktor, der die Intensität des Wärmeübergangs an einer Oberfläche bestimmt. Der Wärmeübergangskoeffizient beschreibt hierbei die Fähigkeit eines Gases oder einer Flüssigkeit, Energie von der Oberfläche eines Stoffes abzuführen bzw. an die Oberfläche abzugeben. Sie hängt unter anderem von der spezifischen Wärme, der Dichte und dem Wärmeleitkoeffizienten des wärmeabführenden sowie des wärmeliefernden Mediums ab. Die Berechnung des Koeffizienten für Wärmeleitung erfolgt meist über den Temperaturunterschied der beteiligten Medien. Die genannten Einflussgrößen lassen sofort erkennen, dass die Auslegung der Intensität der Kühlung direkte Auswirkungen auf die Wärmeübergangszahl hat. Die Kühlleistung lässt sich beispielsweise durch Veränderung des horizontale Abstandes zwischen den Kühlmitteln 11 bzw. 12 und dem Metallband 1 beeinflussen; sie wird umso niedriger, je größer der Abstand ist.As regards the heat transfer coefficient mentioned above, the heat transfer coefficient (symbol α), also called heat transfer coefficient or heat transfer coefficient, is a proportionality factor which determines the intensity of the heat transfer at a surface. The heat transfer coefficient here describes the ability of a gas or a liquid to dissipate energy from the surface of a substance or to deliver it to the surface. It depends, among other things, on the specific heat, the density and the thermal conductivity coefficient of the heat-dissipating and the heat-delivering medium. The calculation of the coefficient for heat conduction usually takes place via the temperature difference of the media involved. The factors mentioned immediately show that the design of the intensity of the cooling has direct effects on the heat transfer coefficient. The cooling capacity can be influenced for example by changing the horizontal distance between the cooling means 11 and 12 and the metal strip 1; it becomes lower, the greater the distance.

Nach der Kühlung in dem Abschnitt 6 erfolgt im zweiten Abschnitt 7 durch Wärmeausgleich im Metallband 1 ohne weitere Kühlung der Oberfläche des Metallbandes 1 eine Erwärmung der Oberfläche des Metallbandes 1 durch Wärmeausgleich auf eine Temperatur über Ac3 bzw. Ar3. Erst dann erfolgt die mechanische Umformung 5 in den Abschnitten 7 (durch das Abbiegen) und 8, vor allem durch das Richten im Abschnitt 8.After cooling in the section 6 takes place in the second section 7 by heat balance in the metal strip 1 without further cooling of the surface of the metal strip 1, a heating of the surface of the metal strip 1 by heat compensation to a temperature over Ac3 or Ar3. Only then does the mechanical deformation 5 take place in sections 7 (by bending) and 8, in particular by the straightening in section 8.

Die genannten Kühlmittel 11 werden nicht für jeden Anwendungsfall benötigt. Daher sind sie - wie es aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht - in vertikale Richtung verschieblich angeordnet, wobei entsprechende Bewegungsmittel nicht dargestellt sind. Dargestellt sind die Kühlmittel 11 mit ausgezogenen Linien in ihrer aktiven Position, wobei der ausgestoßene Strahl Kühlwasser den skizzierten Verlauf nimmt.The mentioned coolant 11 are not needed for every application. Therefore, they are - how it looks Fig. 2 emerges - arranged displaceably in the vertical direction, with corresponding means of movement are not shown. Shown are the coolant 11 in solid lines in its active position, wherein the ejected jet cooling water takes the outlined course.

Wird die Intensivkühlung nicht benötigt, können die Kühlmittel 11 vertikal in die gestrichelt dargestellte Position verfahren werden, so dass eine klassische, geringere, d. h. weniger intensive Kühlung durch die Kühlmittel 12 bewerkstellig wird.If the intensive cooling is not required, the coolant 11 can be moved vertically in the position shown in dashed lines, so that a classic, lower, d. H. less intensive cooling by the coolant 12 is accomplished.

Andere Maßnahmen zur Beeinflussung (Reduzierung oder Erhöhung) der Kühlleistung bestehen darin, den Abstand zwischen den Kühlmitteln 11, 12 und dem Metallband 1 durch horizontales Verschieben zu verändern und/oder die Kühlmittel 11, 12 oszillieren zu verstellen.Other measures for influencing (reducing or increasing) the cooling capacity are the distance between the cooling means 11, 12 and to change the metal strip 1 by horizontal displacement and / or to oscillate the coolant 11, 12 to adjust.

Nicht dargestellt sind entsprechende Leitungssysteme mit Ventilen, so dass der jeweils benötigte Strom Kühlwasser eingestellt bzw. geschalten werden kann.Not shown are appropriate piping systems with valves, so that the current required cooling water can be set or switched.

In den Fig. 3 und 4 wird eine Variante der Ausbildung der ersten Kühlmittel 11 näher dargestellt. Die Kühlmittel 11 weisen ein Gehäuse 13 auf, an dessen dem Metallband 1 zugewandter Seite zwei Düsen 14 und 15 bzw. sich normal auf die Zeichenebene quer über das Metallband 1 erstreckende Düsenreihen angeordnet sind. Das Gehäuse 13 weist in seinem Inneren entsprechend zwei Kammern 16, 17 auf, die jeweils fluidisch mit einer Wasserversorgungsleitung in Verbindung stehen. Die Düsen 14 und 15 sind dabei unterschiedlich ausgeführt, so dass unterschiedlich starke Wasserströme auf das Metallband 1 geleitet werden können - in Abhängigkeit der technologischen Notwendigkeit zur Erzielung einer möglichst zunderfreien und damit gesäuberten Oberfläche des Metallbandes1.In the 3 and 4 a variant of the formation of the first coolant 11 is shown in more detail. The cooling means 11 have a housing 13, on whose side facing the metal strip 1, two nozzles 14 and 15 or rows of nozzles extending perpendicularly to the plane of the drawing over the metal strip 1 are arranged. The housing 13 has in its interior according to two chambers 16, 17 which are each fluidly connected to a water supply line. The nozzles 14 and 15 are designed differently, so that different amounts of water currents can be directed to the metal strip 1 - depending on the technological need to achieve a scale-free as possible and thus cleaned surface of Metallbandes1.

Die Düsen können auch als Düsenbalken ausgebildet sein, d. h. als Balken, der sich quer über die Breite des Metallbandes 1 erstreckt und aus einer Anzahl Düsenöffnungen Kühlwasser auf die Bandoberfläche leitet.The nozzles may also be designed as nozzle bars, d. H. as a beam which extends across the width of the metal strip 1 and passes cooling water from a number of nozzle openings on the strip surface.

Die vorgeschlagene Vorrichtung für die Intensivkühlung weist also ein Gehäuse auf, das mit geringem Abstand zwischen die Stranggussführungsrollen 10 geschoben werden kann und so einen Kühlkanal bildet. Das Gehäuse 13 kann durch ein Schutzblech (nicht dargestellt) vor der Zerstörung bei einem eventuellen Durchbruch geschützt werden, so dass es in diesem Fall wieder eingesetzt werden kann. Durch Änderung des Abstandes zwischen der Strangoberfläche und dem Gehäuse 13 kann die Kühlwirkung beeinflusst werden. Weitere Einflussmöglichkeiten auf die Kühlwirkung können durch die Konstruktion des Gehäuses und der Düsen 14, 15 erreicht werden.The proposed device for intensive cooling thus has a housing which can be pushed with a small distance between the continuous casting guide rollers 10 and thus forms a cooling channel. The housing 13 can be protected from destruction by a fender (not shown) in the event of a breakthrough, so that it can be reused in this case. By changing the distance between the strand surface and the housing 13, the cooling effect can be influenced. Further influence on the cooling effect can be achieved by the construction of the housing and the nozzles 14, 15.

So besteht die Möglichkeit, die Düsen in mehrere Gruppen zu unterteilen und die einzelnen Düsengruppen mit einer eigenen Wasserversorgung zu versehen. Durch Zu- bzw. Abschalten einzelner Düsengruppen und/oder durch Änderung des Durchflusses bzw. des Fluiddruckes kann dann die Kühlwirkung variiert werden. Im Falle einer Standardkühlung, d. h. falls Stähle verarbeitet werden, bei denen eine Intensivkühlung nicht sinnvoll ist, kann eine geringere Zahl an Düsen zugeschaltet werden. Eine andere Möglichkeit ist, die Intensivkühlvorrichtung aus dem Sprühbereich der Standardkühlung wegzuschwenken oder wegzufahren.So it is possible to divide the nozzles into several groups and to provide the individual nozzle groups with its own water supply. By switching on or switching off individual nozzle groups and / or by changing the flow or the fluid pressure then the cooling effect can be varied. In the case of standard cooling, i. H. If steels are processed that do not require intensive cooling, a smaller number of nozzles can be switched on. Another possibility is to move away or drive away the intensive cooling device from the spray area of the standard cooling.

Eine Unterkühlung der Kantenbereich des Metallbandes kann ebenfalls durch ein Zu- bzw. Abschalten von Düsengruppen vermieden werden.A subcooling of the edge region of the metal strip can also be avoided by switching on and off of nozzle groups.

Zur Intensivkühlung können auch Sprühdüsen eingesetzt werden. Diese sollten nahe aneinander über die Breite des Metallbandes verteilt werden, um die notwendige Abkühlung und die notwendige Abkühlung und die damit verbundene Kornfeinung und Entzunderungswirkung zu erzielen. Durch Zu- und Abschalten dieser Gruppen kann auch hier eine Unterkühlung der Kanten vermieden werden. Für den Gießbetrieb, bei der eine intensive Kühlung nicht vorteilhaft ist, können die Düsen deaktiviert, weggeschwenkt, weggefahren oder der Durchfluss des Kühlmediums (Wasser) gesenkt werden, um die Standardkühlung zu gewährleisten.For intensive cooling, spray nozzles can also be used. These should be distributed close to each other across the width of the metal strip to achieve the necessary cooling and cooling and grain refining and descaling effect associated therewith. By switching these groups on and off, subcooling of the edges can also be avoided. For the casting operation, where intensive cooling is not advantageous, the nozzles can be deactivated, swung away, moved away or the flow of cooling medium (water) can be lowered to ensure standard cooling.

Vorgesehen kann auch werden, dass zu der vorhandenen Sekundärkühlung eine zusätzliche Kühlung, bestehend aus mehreren mit Sprühdüsen versehenen Sprühbalken mit einer separaten Wasserversorgung eingesetzt werden. Die zusätzlichen Sprühbalken werden dabei nur bei Bedarf eingeschaltet. Ebenfalls kann auch hier durch Zu- und Abschalten von Düsengruppen eine Unterkühlung der Kanten vermieden werden.It can also be provided that to the existing secondary cooling additional cooling, consisting of several provided with spray nozzles spray bar are used with a separate water supply. The additional spray bars are only switched on when needed. Likewise, subcooling of the edges can also be avoided here by switching on and off of nozzle groups.

Im Stand der Technik sind für die Entzunderung spezielle Entzunderungsdüsen bekannt, die Wärmeübergangszahlen von mehr als 20.000 W/(m2 K) erreichen.In the prior art, special descaling nozzles are known for descaling, which achieve heat transfer coefficients of more than 20,000 W / (m 2 K).

Derartige Düsen kommen für die vorliegende Erfindung wegen ihrer zu intensiven Kühlwirkung und der damit verbundenen niedrigen Oberflächentemperatur der Oberfläche des Metallbandes nicht zum Einsatz bzw. sie sind hier nicht brauchbar.Such nozzles are not used for the present invention because of their excessive cooling effect and the associated low surface temperature of the surface of the metal strip or they are not useful here.

Der erfindungsgemäße Kerngedanke kann also darin gesehen werden, dass eine Intensivkühlung im Bereich der Sekundärkühlung insbesondere bei Dünnbrammenanlagen erfolgt, um eine Säuberung der Oberfläche der Bramme zu erreichen, bei der die Intensivkühlung kurz nach der Kokille - in Förderrichtung betrachtet - beginnt. Allerdings ist weiter vorgesehen, dass die Kühlung so frühzeitig endet, dass eine Wiedererwärmung über die Temperatur Ac3 bzw. Ar3 erfolgen kann, bevor mechanische Beanspruchungen auftreten, wie es beispielsweise am Biegetreiber der Fall ist. Ziel ist es dabei, keine bzw. eine nur geringe Ausscheidung auf den Korngrenzen.The core idea according to the invention can therefore be seen in the fact that intensive cooling takes place in the area of secondary cooling, in particular in thin slab plants, in order to achieve a cleaning of the surface of the slab in which the intensive cooling begins shortly after the mold, viewed in the conveying direction. However, it is further provided that the cooling ends so early that reheating can take place above the temperature Ac3 or Ar3 before mechanical stresses occur, as is the case, for example, with the bending driver. The aim is to have no or only a small excretion on the grain boundaries.

Die vorgeschlagene Vorrichtung zur Intensivkühlung weist eine deutlich höhere Kühlwirkung auf, als es sonst bei der Sekundärkühlung einer Stranggießanlage der Fall ist. Bei vorbekannte Anlagen liegen die üblichen Wärmeübergangszahlen zwischen 500 W/(m2 K) und 2.500 W/(m2 K). Andererseits sind Entzunderungsanlagen bekannt, bei denen eine Kühleinrichtung eingesetzt wird, die Wärmeübergangszahlen von mehr als 20.000 W/(m2 K) realisieren.The proposed device for intensive cooling has a significantly higher cooling effect than is otherwise the case with the secondary cooling of a continuous casting plant. In prior art systems, the usual heat transfer coefficients are between 500 W / (m 2 K) and 2,500 W / (m 2 K). On the other hand, descaling plants are known in which a cooling device is used which realizes heat transfer numbers of more than 20,000 W / (m 2 K).

Die vorliegend benötigten Wärmeübergangszahlen sind - wie bereits oben angedeutet - werkstoffabhängig und auch abhängig von der Gießgeschwindigkeit. Sie ergeben sich aus der maximalen Abkühlgeschwindigkeit, bei der noch kein Martensit- oder Zwischenstufengefüge erzeugt wird. Für niedrige Kohlenstoffstähle beträgt die Abkühlungsgeschwindigkeit ca. 2.500 °C/min, was bei einer Gießgeschwindigkeit von 5,0 m/min einer Wärmeübergangszahl von ca. 5.500 W/(m2 K) entspricht.The heat transfer rates required here are - as already indicated above - material-dependent and also dependent on the casting speed. They result from the maximum cooling rate at which no martensite or interstitial structure is yet produced. For low carbon steels, the cooling rate is about 2,500 ° C / min, which corresponds to a heat transfer coefficient of about 5,500 W / (m 2 K) at a casting speed of 5.0 m / min.

Durch ein schnelles Umschalten zwischen Standard- und Intensivkühlung wird die vorgeschlagene Stranggießeinrichtung sehr individuell und flexibel nutzbar.By a fast switching between standard and intensive cooling, the proposed continuous casting is very individual and flexible usable.

Werden die vorgeschlagenen Systeme mit den beschriebenen Kühldüsen eingesetzt, werden infolge der sich bildenden hohen Turbulenz des Wassers zwischen dem Gehäuse der Kühlmittel und dem Metallband bei relativ geringer Wassermenge höhere Wärmeübergangszahlen als bei der konventionellen Sprühkühlung erreicht.If the proposed systems are used with the described cooling nozzles, higher heat transfer coefficients than the conventional spray cooling are achieved due to the forming high turbulence of the water between the housing of the coolant and the metal strip at a relatively low amount of water.

Die Intensität der Kühlung kann durch die Anzahl der nebeneinander angeordneten Düsen variiert werden. Weiterhin ist es auch möglich, zusätzliche Düsenbalken zu konventionellen Sprühkühlungseinrichtungen einzusetzen.The intensity of the cooling can be varied by the number of nozzles arranged side by side. Furthermore, it is also possible to use additional nozzle bars to conventional spray cooling devices.

Die Länge der Intensivkühlung - in Förderrichtung F betrachtet - wird durch das Erstarrungsgefüge bis 2 mm unter der Oberfläche des Metallbandes bestimmt. Bei einer dendritischen Erstarrung verlängert sich die Intensivkühllänge ca. um den Faktor 2 bis 3 gegenüber der Länge bei einer globulitischen Erstarrung.The length of the intensive cooling - viewed in the conveying direction F - is determined by the solidification structure to 2 mm below the surface of the metal strip. In the case of dendritic solidification, the intensive cooling length is lengthened by about a factor of 2 to 3 compared with the length in the case of globulitic solidification.

Die Wärmeübergangszahl ergibt sich auch aus der Konstruktion der Kühlmittel, vorliegend insbesondere der ersten Kühlmittel 11. Die Zahl wird gezielt im beanspruchten Bereich gewählt, da hier die Bedingungen zur Intensivkühlung des gefertigten Metallbandes 1 optimal sind und gleichzeitig eine weitgehend zunderfreie Bandoberfläche erzielt werden kann.The heat transfer coefficient also results from the design of the coolant, in this case in particular the first coolant 11. The number is selected specifically in the claimed range, since the conditions for intensive cooling of the finished metal strip 1 are optimal and at the same time a largely scaling belt surface can be achieved.

Bezugszeichenliste:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Metallbandmetal band
22
Stranggießanlagecontinuous casting plant
33
Kokillemold
44
senkrechte Strangführungvertical strand guide
55
mechanische Umformungmechanical deformation
66
erster Abschnittfirst section
77
zweiter Abschnittsecond part
88th
dritter Abschnittthird section
99
Mittel zum Umbiegen des MetallbandesMeans for bending the metal strip
1010
Rollenroll
1111
erste Kühlmittelfirst coolant
1212
zweite Kühlmittelsecond coolant
1313
Gehäusecasing
1414
Düsejet
1515
Düsejet
1616
Kammerchamber
1717
Kammerchamber
VV
vertikale Richtungvertical direction
HH
horizontale Richtunghorizontal direction
FF
Förder- bzw. AuszugsrichtungConveying or extension direction

Claims (10)

  1. Method for continuous casting of slab, thin slab, bloom, preliminary section, round section, tubular section or billet girders (1) and the like of liquid metal in a continuous casting plant (2), in which metal issues vertically downwardly from a mould (3), wherein the metal strip (1) is then guided vertically downwardly along a vertical strip guide (4) and in that case cooled, wherein the metal strip (1) is then deflected from the vertical direction (V) into the horizontal direction (H) and wherein a mechanical reshaping (5) of the metal strip (1) is carried out in the end region of the bending around into the horizontal direction (H) or after the bending around into the horizontal direction (H), characterised in that a cooling of the metal strip (1) with a heat transfer coefficient between 3,000 and 10,000 W/(m2K) is carried out in a first section (6) in conveying direction (F) of the metal strip (1) behind the mould (3) and ahead of the mechanical reshaping (5) of the metal strip (1), wherein a heating of the surface of the metal strip (1) to a temperature above Ac3 or Ar3 is carried out in a second section (7), in conveying direction (F) after the cooling, by heat compensation in the metal strip (1) without or with reduced cooling of the surface of the metal strip (1), whereafter the mechanical reshaping (5) is carried out in a third section (8).
  2. Method according to claim 1, characterised in that the surfaces of the metal strip (1) are cleaned directly before the cooling action.
  3. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the first section (6) is subdivided, wherein the metal strip (1) is intermittently cooled and is intensively cooled in a subsection directly downstream of the mould (3), more weakly cooled in at least one following subsection and then subsequently more intensively cooled again.
  4. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the mechanical reshaping (5) in the third section (8) is a straightening process of the metal strip (1) or comprises such a process.
  5. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the mechanical reshaping (5) in the third section (8) is a rolling process of the metal strip (1) or comprises such a process.
  6. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the cooling in the first section (6) is restricted to the region of the vertical strip guide (4).
  7. Continuous casting plant (2) for the continuous casting of slab, thin slab, bloom, preliminary profile, round profile, tube profile or billet girders (1) and the like of liquid metal, with a mould (3) from which the metal issues vertically downwardly, a vertical strip guide (4) arranged below the mould (3) and means (9) for bending around the metal strip (1) from the vertical direction (V) into the horizontal direction (H), wherein mechanical reshaping means (5) for the metal strip (1) are arranged in the end region of the bending around into the horizontal direction (H) or after the bending around into the horizontal direction (H), for performance of the method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterised in that the vertical strip guide (4) comprises a number of rollers (10) arranged on either side of the metal strip (1) in conveying direction (F) of the metal strip (1), wherein first cooling means (11) by which a cooling fluid can be applied to the surface of the metal strip (1) are arranged in the region of the rollers (10), wherein the cooling means (11) are arranged to be displaceable in vertical and/or horizontal direction (V, H) and wherein additional second cooling means (12) are arranged in stationary position in the region of the vertical strip guide (4).
  8. Continuous casting plant according to claim 7, characterised in that the cooling means (11) are constructed to be oscillatable.
  9. Continuous casting plant according to claim 7 or 8, characterised in that the first and/or the second cooling means (11, 12) comprise a housing (13) from which the cooling fluid is expelled by means of at least one nozzle (14, 15).
  10. Continuous casting plant according to claim 9, characterised in that cooling fluid is expelled from the housing (13) by means of two nozzles (14, 15) or nozzle rows.
EP06841185A 2006-01-11 2006-12-28 Method and apparatus for continuous casting Active EP1937429B1 (en)

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DE102006056683A DE102006056683A1 (en) 2006-01-11 2006-11-30 Continuous casting of metal profiles, first cools cast strip then permits thermal redistribution to re-heat surface before mechanical deformation
PCT/EP2006/012560 WO2007087893A1 (en) 2006-01-11 2006-12-28 Method and apparatus for continuous casting

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