EP1913254B1 - Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour façonner des orifices de pulverisation - Google Patents

Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour façonner des orifices de pulverisation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1913254B1
EP1913254B1 EP06763692A EP06763692A EP1913254B1 EP 1913254 B1 EP1913254 B1 EP 1913254B1 EP 06763692 A EP06763692 A EP 06763692A EP 06763692 A EP06763692 A EP 06763692A EP 1913254 B1 EP1913254 B1 EP 1913254B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
valve
fuel injection
discharge openings
discharge
valve seat
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Fee Related
Application number
EP06763692A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1913254A1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Schrade
Dieter Maier
Gerhard Stransky
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1913254A1 publication Critical patent/EP1913254A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1913254B1 publication Critical patent/EP1913254B1/fr
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F02M61/1826—Discharge orifices having different sizes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
    • F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
    • F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
    • F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
    • F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
    • F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/004—Filling molds with powder
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F3/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the manner of compacting or sintering; Apparatus specially adapted therefor ; Presses and furnaces
    • B22F3/12—Both compacting and sintering
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
    • B22F5/00—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product
    • B22F5/10—Manufacture of workpieces or articles from metallic powder characterised by the special shape of the product of articles with cavities or holes, not otherwise provided for in the preceding subgroups
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
    • F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
    • F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
    • F02M61/1806—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for characterised by the arrangement of discharge orifices, e.g. orientation or size
    • F02M61/1833—Discharge orifices having changing cross sections, e.g. being divergent

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a fuel injection valve according to the preamble of claim 1 and to a method for forming spray-discharge openings according to the preamble of claim 15.
  • a fuel injection valve which has a stepped injection opening.
  • the ejection opening is designed starting from a chamber-shaped valve interior in a first opening section with a very small flow-determining opening width, while a subsequent second opening section is significantly widened.
  • the second opening portion may be formed either widening cylindrical or conical.
  • the ejection openings are introduced by means of conventional technology, such as drilling, milling, embossing or eroding.
  • the valve needle is produced by the so-called metal injection molding (MIM) method.
  • MIM metal injection molding
  • a tubular operating member consisting of an armature portion and a valve sleeve portion is manufactured by injection molding and then sintering.
  • the actuating part is connected by means of a welded connection with a valve closing member section, so that the valve needle is composed only of two individual components.
  • the anchor portion and valve sleeve portion while a continuous inner longitudinal opening is provided, can flow in the fuel in the direction of the valve closure member portion, which then exits near the valve closure member portion by transverse openings of the valve sleeve portion.
  • slide tools are needed to form the transverse openings.
  • the fuel injection valve according to the invention with the characterizing features of claim 4 has the advantage that it is particularly simple and inexpensive to produce.
  • the valve component having the ejection openings, in particular the valve seat body is produced by means of metal injection molding (MIM).
  • MIM metal injection molding
  • the present invention is characterized in that stepped injection orifices in large numbers can be formed in a tool-bound manner with high accuracy in a molded part produced by means of the MIM process.
  • the erfmdungshacke arrangement and design of the ejection openings in the valve member allows a simultaneous formation of a plurality of reproducible ejection openings.
  • first spray discharge opening sections open into a second spray discharge opening section that circulates in the form of a ring or partial ring.
  • the inventive method for the formation of injection orifices with the characterizing features of claim 1 has the advantage that it is possible by the axial or radial deformability of the downstream Abspritzö Stammsabroughe the spray orifices to integrate the contours of the Abspritzö Stammsabroughe in a very high variance in an injection mold.
  • a fuel injection valve for fuel injection systems of internal combustion engines in which a valve closing body is actuated, which forms a sealing seat together with a formed on a valve seat body valve seat surface.
  • a plurality of ejection openings are provided, which are formed downstream of the valve seat surface.
  • the ejection openings comprise at least one upstream first ejection opening section and one downstream second ejection opening section with a different opening width.
  • a wall region of the second spray-discharge opening region of all spray-discharge openings extends on a partial circle at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the valve component having the spray-discharge openings.
  • FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment of a fuel injection valve 1 is carried out in the form of a fuel injection valve 1 for fuel injection systems of mixture-compression, spark-ignition internal combustion engines.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 is suitable in particular for the direct injection of fuel into a combustion chamber, not shown, of an internal combustion engine.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 consists of a nozzle body 2, in which a valve needle 3 is arranged.
  • the valve needle 3 is operatively connected to a valve closing body 4, which cooperates with a valve seat body 6 arranged on a valve seat body 5 to form a sealing seat.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 is an inwardly opening fuel injection valve 1, which has at least two injection openings 7.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 is ideally designed as a multi-hole injection valve and therefore has between four and thirty ejection openings 7.
  • the nozzle body 2 is sealed by a seal 8 against a valve housing 9.
  • the drive is, for example, an electromagnetic circuit comprising a solenoid coil 10 as an actuator, which is encapsulated in a coil housing 11 and wound on a bobbin 12, which rests against an inner pole 13 of the magnetic coil 10.
  • the inner pole 13 and the valve housing 9 are separated by a constriction 26 and connected to each other by a non-ferromagnetic connecting member 29.
  • the magnetic coil 10 is energized via a line 19 from a via an electrical plug contact 17 can be supplied with electric current.
  • the plug contact 17 is surrounded by a plastic casing 18, which may be molded on the inner pole 13.
  • valve needle 3 is guided in a valve needle guide 14, which is designed disk-shaped.
  • armature 20 On the other side of the dial 15 is an armature 20. This is connected via a first flange 21 frictionally with the valve needle 3 in connection, which is connected by a weld 22 with the first flange 21.
  • a return spring 23 On the first flange 21, a return spring 23 is supported, which is brought in the present design of the fuel injection valve 1 by an adjusting sleeve 24 to bias.
  • valve needle guide 14 in the armature 20 and on a guide body 41 extend fuel channels 30, 31 and 32.
  • the fuel is supplied via a central fuel supply 16 and filtered by a filter element 25.
  • the fuel injection valve 1 is sealed by a seal 28 against a fuel distributor line, not shown, and by a further seal 36 against a cylinder head not shown.
  • annular damping element 33 On the downstream side of the armature 20, an annular damping element 33, which consists of an elastomer material, arranged. It rests on a second flange 34 which is non-positively connected to the valve needle 3 via a weld seam 35.
  • the armature 20 In the idle state of the fuel injection valve 1, the armature 20 is acted upon by the return spring 23 counter to its stroke direction so that the valve closing body 4 is held on the valve seat surface 6 in sealing engagement. Upon excitation of the magnetic coil 10, this builds up a magnetic field which moves the armature 20 against the spring force of the return spring 23 in the stroke direction, wherein the stroke is predetermined by a in the rest position between the inner pole 12 and the anchor 20 befmdlichen working gap 27.
  • the armature 20 takes the first flange 21, which welded to the valve needle 3 is, also in the stroke direction with.
  • the valve closing body 4 communicating with the valve needle 3 lifts off from the valve seat surface 6, and the fuel is sprayed off through the ejection openings 7.
  • the armature 20 drops after sufficient degradation of the magnetic field by the pressure of the return spring 23 from the inner pole 13, whereby the valve connected to the needle 3 in communication first flange 21 moves against the stroke direction.
  • the valve needle 3 is thereby moved in the same direction, whereby the valve closing body 4 touches on the valve seat surface 6 and the fuel injection valve 1 is closed.
  • the ejection openings 7 in the valve seat body 5 are designed specifically.
  • the valve seat body 5 is advantageously produced by means of the so-called MIM process.
  • MIM metal injection molding
  • the already known and also referred to as metal injection molding (MIM) method comprises the production of moldings from a metal powder with a binder, for.
  • a plastic binder which are mixed together and homogenized, for example, on conventional plastic injection molding machines and the subsequent removal of the binder and sintering of the remaining metal powder scaffold.
  • the composition of the metal powder can be tuned in a simple manner to optimum magnetic and thermal properties.
  • the present invention is characterized in that stepped ejection openings 7 in large numbers in a molded part produced by MIM method, here in the valve seat body. 5 particularly easy and inexpensive and tool-bound are formed with high accuracy.
  • stepped ejection openings 7 in large numbers in a molded part produced by MIM method, here in the valve seat body. 5 particularly easy and inexpensive and tool-bound are formed with high accuracy.
  • each Abspritzöfnung or in stepped spray openings each downstream Abspritzö Stammsabites has its own solid angle.
  • simultaneous shaping of a multiplicity of ejection openings 7 in the valve seat body 5 is aggravating.
  • the ejection openings 7 can be formed particularly favorably if all ejection openings 7 of a partial circle at least in their respective downstream Abspritzö Stammö Stammsabites 7 "parallel to the longitudinal axis 40 of the ejection openings 7 having valve member, here
  • the longitudinal axis 40 of the valve seat body 5 coincides with the valve longitudinal axis in the illustrated embodiments, but the valve seat body 5 could also be attached at an angle to the fuel injection valve 1 for oblique injection.
  • FIG. 2 shows the detail II in the region of a spray opening 7 in FIG. 1 in an enlarged view in a first embodiment, wherein it is clear that the injection orifice 7 comprises two spray-discharge orifice sections 7 ', 7 ".
  • the upstream first spray-discharge orifice section 7' has a significantly smaller opening width than the downstream, second spray-discharge orifice section 7".
  • the orientation of the two spray discharge opening sections 7 ', 7 "of one and the same spray discharge opening 7 may be different, but the wall region 42 of the second spray discharge opening section 7" of all spray discharge openings 7 running parallel to the longitudinal axis 40 is essential on a pitch circle. In this case, the parallel wall region 42 should lie on the inner side lying to the longitudinal axis 40.
  • FIG. 2 illustrated and the entire Abspritzöschensabites 7 "extend parallel to the axis.
  • FIG. 3 is a second embodiment of a discharge opening 7 in a valve seat body 5 in a with Fig. 2 comparable section representation shown.
  • the wall region 42 formed on the inner side facing the longitudinal axis 40 is designed to extend parallel to the longitudinal axis 40, while on the side remote from the longitudinal axis 40, the wall region extends obliquely outwards.
  • the arrows 44 in the FIGS. 2 and 3 to indicate that in such an embodiment of the Abspritzö Stammsabitese 7 "in the ideal manner in the MIM process all spray-discharge 7 at the same time tool-bound are axially demolded.
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments and z. B. for differently arranged ejection openings 7 and for any construction of inwardly opening multi-hole fuel injectors 1 applicable. In particular, all features of the invention can be combined as desired.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Procédé pour façonner des orifices de pulvérisation (7) sur un composant de soupape (5) d'une soupape d'injection de carburant (1) présentant des orifices de pulvérisation (7),
    caractérisé en ce que
    le composant de soupape (5) est fabriqué au moyen d'un procédé de moulage par injection de métal avec les étapes de procédé suivantes :
    - mélange et homogénéisation d'une poudre métallique et d'un liant,
    - moulage par injection subséquent,
    - enlèvement du liant et
    - frittage de la structure métallique pulvérulente
    et les orifices de pulvérisation (7) sont façonnés de telle sorte qu'ils comprennent au moins une première portion d'orifice de pulvérisation amont (7') et une deuxième portion d'orifice de pulvérisation aval (7") avec une largeur d'orifice différente, et une région de paroi (42, 43) de la deuxième portion d'orifice de pulvérisation (7") de tous les orifices de pulvérisation (7) s'étend sur un cercle partiel soit parallèlement soit à angle droit par rapport à l'axe longitudinal (40) du composant de soupape présentant les orifices de pulvérisation (7).
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les portions d'orifice de pulvérisation (7") de tous les orifices de pulvérisation (7) d'un cercle partiel sont démoulées axialement en même temps.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les portions d'orifice de pulvérisation (7") de tous les orifices de pulvérisation (7) d'un cercle partiel sont démoulées radialement en même temps.
  4. Soupape d'injection de carburant pour systèmes d'injection de carburant de moteurs à combustion interne comprenant un actionneur excitable (10) pour l'actionnement d'un corps de fermeture de soupape (4), qui forme un siège d'étanchéité conjointement avec une surface de siège de soupape (6) réalisée sur un corps de siège de soupape (5), et des ouvertures de pulvérisation (7) qui sont réalisées en aval de la surface de siège de soupape (6),
    caractérisée en ce que
    le composant de soupape présentant les orifices de pulvérisation (7), en particulier le corps de siège de soupape (5), est fabriqué par un procédé de moulage par injection de métal selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
EP06763692A 2005-08-05 2006-06-14 Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour façonner des orifices de pulverisation Expired - Fee Related EP1913254B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005036951A DE102005036951A1 (de) 2005-08-05 2005-08-05 Brennstoffeinspritzventil und Verfahren zur Ausformung von Abspritzöffnungen
PCT/EP2006/063176 WO2007017305A1 (fr) 2005-08-05 2006-06-14 Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour façonner des orifices de pulverisation

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1913254A1 EP1913254A1 (fr) 2008-04-23
EP1913254B1 true EP1913254B1 (fr) 2012-11-21

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06763692A Expired - Fee Related EP1913254B1 (fr) 2005-08-05 2006-06-14 Soupape d'injection de carburant et procede pour façonner des orifices de pulverisation

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (2) US20100193612A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1913254B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP4991720B2 (fr)
DE (1) DE102005036951A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2007017305A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102006051327A1 (de) 2006-10-31 2008-05-08 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffeinspritzventil
JP4610631B2 (ja) * 2008-05-01 2011-01-12 三菱電機株式会社 燃料噴射弁
US20110186654A1 (en) * 2010-02-02 2011-08-04 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Valve seat for gaseous fuel injector
DE102011077268A1 (de) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Einspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen
DE102011077276A1 (de) 2011-06-09 2012-12-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Ventil zum Zumessen eines strömenden Mediums
DE102011077272A1 (de) * 2011-06-09 2012-12-13 Robert Bosch Gmbh Einspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen
JP5295319B2 (ja) * 2011-06-24 2013-09-18 三菱電機株式会社 燃料噴射弁
DE102011078086A1 (de) 2011-06-27 2012-12-27 Robert Bosch Gmbh Einspritzventil für Brennkraftmaschinen
DE102011089240A1 (de) 2011-12-20 2013-06-20 Robert Bosch Gmbh Brennstoffeinspritzventil und Verfahren zur Ausformung von Abspritzöffnungen
JP2014001660A (ja) * 2012-06-18 2014-01-09 Bosch Corp 内燃機関の燃料噴射弁
DE102012211459A1 (de) * 2012-07-03 2014-01-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh Kraftstoffeinspritzventil mit verbessertem Spritzloch
JP6186130B2 (ja) * 2013-02-04 2017-08-23 日立オートモティブシステムズ株式会社 燃料噴射弁及び燃料噴射弁の製造方法
JP6020380B2 (ja) * 2013-08-02 2016-11-02 株式会社デンソー 燃料噴射弁
JP5969564B2 (ja) * 2014-10-01 2016-08-17 トヨタ自動車株式会社 燃料噴射弁
JP6292188B2 (ja) * 2015-04-09 2018-03-14 株式会社デンソー 燃料噴射装置
JP2021521378A (ja) * 2018-04-25 2021-08-26 ロベルト・ボッシュ・ゲゼルシャフト・ミト・ベシュレンクテル・ハフツングＲｏｂｅｒｔ Ｂｏｓｃｈ Ｇｍｂｈ 所定箇所に形成されたインサートを含む燃料噴射器バルブシートアセンブリとその製造方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1088666A (en) * 1964-03-09 1967-10-25 Lister & Co Ltd R A Improvements in or relating to fuel injectors for internal combustion engines
JPS58222971A (ja) * 1982-06-22 1983-12-24 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd 燃料噴射弁
DE3733604A1 (de) * 1987-10-05 1989-04-13 Bosch Gmbh Robert Lochkoerper fuer eine kraftstoffeinspritzventil
JP2819702B2 (ja) * 1989-12-12 1998-11-05 株式会社デンソー 燃料噴射弁
DE4230376C1 (fr) * 1992-09-11 1993-04-22 Robert Bosch Gmbh, 7000 Stuttgart, De
US6439484B2 (en) * 2000-02-25 2002-08-27 Denso Corporation Fluid injection nozzle
JP3759918B2 (ja) * 2002-10-16 2006-03-29 三菱電機株式会社 燃料噴射弁
US7191961B2 (en) * 2002-11-29 2007-03-20 Denso Corporation Injection hole plate and fuel injection apparatus having the same
US7032566B2 (en) * 2003-05-30 2006-04-25 Caterpillar Inc. Fuel injector nozzle for an internal combustion engine

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP4991720B2 (ja) 2012-08-01
WO2007017305A1 (fr) 2007-02-15
JP2009503353A (ja) 2009-01-29
US20150034741A1 (en) 2015-02-05
US9803606B2 (en) 2017-10-31
DE102005036951A1 (de) 2007-02-08
US20100193612A1 (en) 2010-08-05
EP1913254A1 (fr) 2008-04-23

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