EP1902492A2 - Network antenna with conformable reflector(s) highly reconfigurable in orbit - Google Patents
Network antenna with conformable reflector(s) highly reconfigurable in orbitInfo
- Publication number
- EP1902492A2 EP1902492A2 EP06779044A EP06779044A EP1902492A2 EP 1902492 A2 EP1902492 A2 EP 1902492A2 EP 06779044 A EP06779044 A EP 06779044A EP 06779044 A EP06779044 A EP 06779044A EP 1902492 A2 EP1902492 A2 EP 1902492A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- reflector
- sources
- source
- array antenna
- network
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000003321 amplification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003199 nucleic acid amplification method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 abstract description 11
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005070 sampling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002089 crippling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002513 implantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001939 inductive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q15/00—Devices for reflection, refraction, diffraction or polarisation of waves radiated from an antenna, e.g. quasi-optical devices
- H01Q15/14—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures
- H01Q15/16—Reflecting surfaces; Equivalent structures curved in two dimensions, e.g. paraboloidal
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
- H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
- H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
- H01Q19/17—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source comprising two or more radiating elements
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
- H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
Definitions
- the invention relates to reflector (s) network antennas, embedded on satellites and intended to transmit and / or receive beams of electromagnetic waves.
- reflector array antenna means an antenna composed of a set of sources (or radiating elements), defining a network, and one or more reflectors.
- the aforementioned reflector network antennas are particularly interesting because they make it possible to form and position one or more radiating beams to one or more given covers. This formation of beams is done by amplitude and / or phase control at the source level.
- a first solution is to use a direct radiation active array antenna (or DRA), that is to say without reflector.
- DRA direct radiation active array antenna
- This type of network antenna offers a very good ability to double reconfigurability, but requires a large number of controls that often prohibits its cost and weight.
- the low efficiency of the amplifiers that are associated with each of the controls of the DRA induces a dissipation often crippling.
- a second solution consists in using a source network in the focal plane or in the vicinity of the focal plane of a non-parabolic reflector. consistent (or FAFR).
- FAFR non-parabolic reflector. consistent
- This solution is described in particular in US Pat. No. 4,965,587.
- the source network is sized so that each of its sources contributes to a portion of the total coverage.
- the position of the sources is directly related to the area to be covered. It is determined geometrically by applying the reflection principle on the reflector.
- the amplitude / phase laws of the different controls must be optimized so that the beams delivered by the sources combine by giving a radiation pattern adapted to each area to be covered. If one wishes to cover only one of the zones, initially planned, one uses only the part of the corresponding network.
- the amplitude dynamics applied to the radiating elements is important, which often makes it necessary, on transmission, to use a device for balancing the power between the amplifiers (called MPA).
- each of the sources is directly linked to a part of the coverage, on the one hand, imposes redundancy at the level of the amplifiers to avoid the loss of this zone in the event of partial failure, and secondly, induced a number of sources (and often controls) directly related to the size of the coverage.
- the beam formation architecture is therefore particularly complex, induces additional losses related to the presence of the MPA, and causes fairly high volume and mass.
- a third solution, variant of the second, has been proposed in document US 2004/0222932. It consists in placing an array of sources in the focal plane of a reflector whose reflective surface is shaped so as to widen the area covered by each beam having a "flat" radiation pattern in the main lobe delivered by an elementary source. The principle remains the same as that described above, each source only contributing to part of the coverage. Because of the broadening of the elementary beams introduced by the conformation of the reflector, the number of sources necessary for the sampling of the coverage can thus be reduced, which makes it possible to reduce the number of the controls of the antenna.
- a reflector array antenna comprising i) an array of at least two sources, including a so-called central source, arranged and positioned to emit (or receive) electromagnetic wave beams in selected directions, ii) beam forming means for controlling the amplitude and phase of each of the sources by means of amplitude / phase laws applied to their accesses and to provide an appropriate amplification level, so that each source emits a chosen radiation pattern (constituting a beam and comprising a main lobe) intended to cover a chosen zone, and iii) one or more reflectors responsible for reflecting the beams delivered by the sources (or towards these sources).
- This reflector array antenna (s) is characterized by the fact that:
- the surface of at least one of its reflectors is three-dimensionally (3D) shaped so as to reflect the beam that is delivered by each source by spreading its energy so that it covers the chosen associated zone, that the main lobe of the radiation pattern associated with the central source defines a so-called primary coverage completely encompassing each active coverage area of the antenna, of selected shape and size, and that the main lobe of the radiation pattern associated with each non-central source covers at least partially the primary coverage, and
- its beam-forming means are responsible for applying to the accesses of the source network a law of amplitude and / or phase chosen so that the combination of the beams delivered by the sources of the network defines each of the active coverage areas of the network. the antenna.
- the array antenna with reflector (s) according to the invention may comprise other characteristics that can be taken separately or in combination, and in particular:
- its sources may be positioned either in the focal plane of the reflector or outside thereof, in any way in front of the reflector; its sources may consist of a radiating element of any type (for example circular or rectangular horn, printed element (or "patch”), slot, or propeller) operating in transmission and / or reception and in n any polarization;
- a radiating element of any type for example circular or rectangular horn, printed element (or "patch"), slot, or propeller
- the surface of one of its reflectors preferably has a general shape of paraboloidal type shaped in a three-dimensional manner
- At least one of its reflectors may comprise a pointing mechanism responsible for modifying the position of the main lobe associated with the central source of the network.
- FIG. 1 very schematically and functionally illustrates an exemplary embodiment of a grating array antenna according to the invention
- FIG. 2 schematically illustrates the principle of formation of active coverage areas by means of a reflector network antenna (s) according to the inventor.
- FIG. 1 a network antenna with reflector (s) AR according to the invention.
- the invention is not limited to this application.
- the reflector array antenna (s) according to the invention can operate in transmission, or in reception, or in transmission and reception, and / or may comprise several reflectors, and / or may comprise a network composed of any number of sources, and / or may offer more than two active coverage areas.
- Such an antenna is primarily intended to be embedded on a satellite of telecommunication.
- An antenna (reflector array (s)) AR firstly comprises a network RS consisting of at least two sources Si arranged and positioned to deliver electromagnetic wave beams Fi (including signals). in selected directions.
- the number N of sources Si of the network RS, the positioning of the sources If compared to each other, the type of the sources Si and the respective orientations of the sources Si are chosen according to the mission which is attributed to the antenna AR.
- one (here S1) is called central, for example because it is placed substantially in the middle of the network RS.
- Each source Si of the network RS may consist of a radiating element of any type, and for example a circular or rectangular horn, a "patch” (printed element), a "slot", or a propeller, which can operate in transmission and / or reception and in any polarization.
- the antenna AR also comprises an MFF beam forming module responsible for applying amplitude and / or phase laws and for amplifying the signals of each of the N sources Si of the network RS, so that each source If emits a selected radiation pattern (constituting a beam Fi and comprising a main lobe) for covering a selected area Zi.
- MFF beam forming module responsible for applying amplitude and / or phase laws and for amplifying the signals of each of the N sources Si of the network RS, so that each source If emits a selected radiation pattern (constituting a beam Fi and comprising a main lobe) for covering a selected area Zi. Any amplification / phase law application and amplification techniques known to man can be implemented for this purpose.
- the AR antenna also includes an RC reflector with a three-dimensional (3D) shaped SU surface.
- This 3D conformation which is in the form of depressions and bumps placed in selected locations of the SU surface, is intended to reflect the beam Fi which is delivered by each source Si while spreading its energy so, a first part, that it covers the associated zone chosen Zi, of a second part, that the lobe of the radiation pattern associated with the central source S1 defines a so-called primary coverage CP completely encompassing each active coverage area ZCj of the antenna AR, of selected shape and dimensions, and a third part, that the main lobe of the diagram of radiation associated with each non-central source Si (i ⁇ 1), and therefore each zone Zi (i ⁇ 1), at least partially covers the primary coverage CP at a zone of intersection ZICi.
- active coverage area refers to a zone in which the electromagnetic waves transmitted by the antenna AR must be able to be received by means of a suitable receiver.
- the zone Z1 (defined by the main lobe of the radiation pattern from the central source S1 of the network RS) therefore defines a so-called primary coverage CP.
- Each point of this primary coverage CP is therefore located in at least one intersection zone ZICi, and preferably in several intersection zones ZICi.
- each point of the primary coverage CP is covered by the main lobe of the beam F1 of the central source S1 and by one or more main lobes of the beams Fi (i ⁇ 1) associated with other sources Si ( i ⁇ 1) of the RS network.
- the behavior of the antenna inside the CP primary coverage is thus very similar to that of a direct radiation network (DRA).
- DPA direct radiation network
- the active coverage areas ZCj of the antenna AR can be defined by means of the laws and amplifications applied by the MFF beam forming module.
- the AR antenna could be designed to provide more than two active coverage areas ZCj, or just one.
- the conformation of the reflector RC which makes it possible to widen the beams Fi is calculated according to the mission, since it is this which will define the envelope of the primary cover CP which must contain the different zones of active coverage ZCj of the AR antenna.
- the 3D conformation can be determined by means of polynomial functions (for example of the type Spline or Zernike) applied to an initial reflection surface paraboloid type, using appropriate software (eg POS4 type).
- the sources Si are placed either in the focal plane of the reflector RC, or outside this focal plane.
- the reflector RC may comprise a pointing mechanism (not shown in the figures) for modifying the position of the main lobe which is associated with the central source S1 of the network AR.
- the antenna AR according to the invention is particularly well suited, although in a non-limiting way:
- the arrangement of the source network is strongly decorrelated from the coverage of the antenna because it is the 3D conformation of the surface of the reflector that defines the primary coverage CP inside which can be defined any number of spots (or areas of active coverage ZCj) of any shape. This considerably limits the size of the network and the number of sources and therefore significantly reduces the weight and complexity of the controls compared to a conventional parabolic reflector solution or a DRA solution.
- reducing the size of the source array reduces defocus aberrations, naturally inducing lower lobe levels (and therefore better C / I ratios) compared to those obtained with a conventional parabolic reflector solution.
- the use of small ratios between the focal length of the reflector system and the diameter of the main reflector is then facilitated (especially at the implantation on a satellite).
- the invention thus combines the advantages of a DRA (direct radiation network) type antenna, namely a strong reconfigurability and a natural redundancy, and the advantages of a FAFR type antenna, ie a high directivity obtained thanks to the conformal surface of the reflector, while avoiding the disadvantages of these two types of antennas, namely the very large number of controls which contributes significantly to the weight and the cost, the loss of efficiency related to the lobes of networks in the case of a DRA antenna, the loss of coverage in the event of faults and the size of the source network depending on the coverage envisaged in the case of a FAFR antenna.
- DRA direct radiation network
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
- Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
- Details Of Aerials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0552175A FR2888674B1 (en) | 2005-07-13 | 2005-07-13 | NETWORK ANTENNA WITH REFLECTOR (S) CONFORMING (S), HAVING HIGH RECONFIGURABILITY IN ORBIT |
PCT/FR2006/050708 WO2007007011A2 (en) | 2005-07-13 | 2006-07-11 | Network antenna with shaped reflector(s) highly reconfigurable in orbit |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1902492A2 true EP1902492A2 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
EP1902492B1 EP1902492B1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
Family
ID=36097057
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06779044.4A Active EP1902492B1 (en) | 2005-07-13 | 2006-07-11 | Network antenna with conformable reflector(s) highly reconfigurable in orbit |
Country Status (12)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US7714792B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1902492B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009501469A (en) |
KR (1) | KR20080032182A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101288204B (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0613013A2 (en) |
CA (1) | CA2619403C (en) |
ES (1) | ES2533262T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2888674B1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1902492E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2406192C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007007011A2 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3714510B1 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2021-04-21 | Airbus Defence and Space Limited | Array-fed reflector antenna |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US9035839B2 (en) * | 2009-09-03 | 2015-05-19 | Troll Systems Corporation | Multi-feed diversity receive system and method |
FR2952758B1 (en) * | 2009-11-16 | 2012-02-24 | Centre Nat Detudes Spatiales Cnes | ANTENNA TO REFLECTOR (S) AND POWER SUPPLY NETWORK |
RU2533058C2 (en) * | 2012-05-15 | 2014-11-20 | Евгений Вячеславович Комраков | Versatile device for transmission of radiation from source to object |
FR3026896B1 (en) * | 2014-10-03 | 2018-07-06 | Thales | REFLECTING ANTENNA (S) CONFORMING (S) RECONFIGURABLE IN ORBIT |
ES2843513T3 (en) * | 2015-12-16 | 2021-07-19 | Ranlos Ab | Method and apparatus for testing wireless communication with vehicles |
US10516216B2 (en) | 2018-01-12 | 2019-12-24 | Eagle Technology, Llc | Deployable reflector antenna system |
US10707552B2 (en) | 2018-08-21 | 2020-07-07 | Eagle Technology, Llc | Folded rib truss structure for reflector antenna with zero over stretch |
CN110233359B (en) * | 2019-06-21 | 2020-05-05 | 四川大学 | Reflector antenna based on 3D printing technology |
Family Cites Families (14)
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US4236161A (en) * | 1978-09-18 | 1980-11-25 | Bell Telephone Laboratories, Incorporated | Array feed for offset satellite antenna |
US4338608A (en) * | 1980-09-30 | 1982-07-06 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of Commerce | Triple-beam offset paraboloidal antenna |
JPS603211A (en) * | 1983-06-20 | 1985-01-09 | Nec Corp | Antenna in common use for multi-frequency band |
US4792813A (en) * | 1986-08-14 | 1988-12-20 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Antenna system for hybrid communications satellite |
FR2628896B1 (en) * | 1988-03-18 | 1990-11-16 | Alcatel Espace | ANTENNA WITH ELECTRONIC RECONFIGURATION IN EMISSION |
IT1284301B1 (en) * | 1996-03-13 | 1998-05-18 | Space Engineering Spa | SINGLE OR DOUBLE REFLECTOR ANTENNA, SHAPED BEAMS, LINEAR POLARIZATION. |
US5945960A (en) * | 1996-12-02 | 1999-08-31 | Space Systems/Loral, Inc. | Method and apparatus for reconfiguring antenna radiation patterns |
US5949370A (en) * | 1997-11-07 | 1999-09-07 | Space Systems/Loral, Inc. | Positionable satellite antenna with reconfigurable beam |
US6219003B1 (en) * | 1999-07-01 | 2001-04-17 | Trw Inc. | Resistive taper for dense packed feeds for cellular spot beam satellite coverage |
DE19945062A1 (en) * | 1999-09-20 | 2001-04-12 | Daimler Chrysler Ag | Reflector with a shaped surface and spatially separated foci for illuminating identical areas, antenna system and method for determining the surface |
JP2001244867A (en) * | 2000-02-25 | 2001-09-07 | Nippon Hoso Kyokai <Nhk> | Variable beam pattern broadcasting satellite |
US6882323B2 (en) * | 2003-05-09 | 2005-04-19 | Northrop Grumman Corporation | Multi-beam antenna system with shaped reflector for generating flat beams |
US7161549B1 (en) * | 2003-09-30 | 2007-01-09 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | Single-aperture antenna system for producing multiple beams |
KR100561630B1 (en) * | 2003-12-27 | 2006-03-20 | 한국전자통신연구원 | Trilple-Band Hybrid Antenna using Focuser |
-
2005
- 2005-07-13 FR FR0552175A patent/FR2888674B1/en active Active
-
2006
- 2006-07-11 CA CA2619403A patent/CA2619403C/en active Active
- 2006-07-11 KR KR1020087003531A patent/KR20080032182A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2006-07-11 ES ES06779044.4T patent/ES2533262T3/en active Active
- 2006-07-11 RU RU2008105418/07A patent/RU2406192C2/en active
- 2006-07-11 US US11/995,525 patent/US7714792B2/en active Active
- 2006-07-11 BR BRPI0613013-5A patent/BRPI0613013A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-07-11 JP JP2008520929A patent/JP2009501469A/en active Pending
- 2006-07-11 PT PT67790444T patent/PT1902492E/en unknown
- 2006-07-11 CN CN2006800298974A patent/CN101288204B/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-07-11 WO PCT/FR2006/050708 patent/WO2007007011A2/en active Application Filing
- 2006-07-11 EP EP06779044.4A patent/EP1902492B1/en active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2007007011A2 * |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3714510B1 (en) | 2018-07-12 | 2021-04-21 | Airbus Defence and Space Limited | Array-fed reflector antenna |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2619403A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
PT1902492E (en) | 2015-04-07 |
BRPI0613013A2 (en) | 2010-12-14 |
CN101288204A (en) | 2008-10-15 |
RU2406192C2 (en) | 2010-12-10 |
KR20080032182A (en) | 2008-04-14 |
FR2888674B1 (en) | 2009-10-23 |
FR2888674A1 (en) | 2007-01-19 |
WO2007007011A2 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
EP1902492B1 (en) | 2014-12-31 |
ES2533262T3 (en) | 2015-04-08 |
US7714792B2 (en) | 2010-05-11 |
WO2007007011A3 (en) | 2007-07-19 |
JP2009501469A (en) | 2009-01-15 |
CN101288204B (en) | 2012-05-23 |
CA2619403C (en) | 2014-11-18 |
RU2008105418A (en) | 2009-08-20 |
US20080303736A1 (en) | 2008-12-11 |
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