EP1902426B1 - Access control system for a motor vehicle - Google Patents
Access control system for a motor vehicle Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1902426B1 EP1902426B1 EP06753181A EP06753181A EP1902426B1 EP 1902426 B1 EP1902426 B1 EP 1902426B1 EP 06753181 A EP06753181 A EP 06753181A EP 06753181 A EP06753181 A EP 06753181A EP 1902426 B1 EP1902426 B1 EP 1902426B1
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- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- antenna
- ant
- antennas
- unit
- capacitor
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
- H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
- H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
- H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
- H01Q1/3208—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used
- H01Q1/3233—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems
- H01Q1/3241—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the application wherein the antenna is used particular used as part of a sensor or in a security system, e.g. for automotive radar, navigation systems particular used in keyless entry systems
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
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- G—PHYSICS
- G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
- G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
- G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
- G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
- G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
- G07C2009/00793—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means by Hertzian waves
Definitions
- the invention relates to an access control system for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of claim 1.
- Out DE 102 36 305 A1 is a generic access control system for a motor vehicle known. This has at least one transmission unit arranged in the motor vehicle for the transmission of low-frequency long-wave signals and a plurality of associated LF antennas, which are arranged in the vehicle at exposed locations.
- two or more ID-encoders which can be carried by the user are provided, at least one transceiver unit for the vehicle exterior and at least one transceiver unit for the vehicle interior for carrying out a wireless authentication communication with the ID transponders, whereby upon successful authentication of an ID Encoder one or more safety devices are unlocked or locked.
- the FR-A-2841392 shows an access control device for a motor vehicle with a transmitter for transmitting low-frequency long-wave signals, in which the transmitting unit an antenna with a capacitor can be activated via a multiplexer. In addition, a pre-filter is provided in the transmitting unit.
- the US 4,806,930 shows a transmitter with an antenna driven by a transistor. At the input of the transistor, an LC element for suppressing unwanted harmonic frequency is provided.
- the WO 2004/097749 A1 shows a transmitting unit with several antennas, the active antenna is connected to the ground via a multiplexer.
- the citation WO2006 / 060974 discloses a transmitting device for a plurality of mutually parallel antennas, which can be supplied independently via a respective supply line, wherein a common exciter circuit and a multiplexer for selective connection of at least one of the antennas is provided, and wherein in each supply line a capacitor is provided in series with the antenna and for each Antenna a controllable switching means is provided, through which the supply line between the capacitor and antenna is connected to reference potential.
- Object of the present invention is to show an access control system for a motor vehicle, which is particularly improved in terms of electromagnetic compatibility, the number of components and space requirements should be kept as low as possible.
- the LC unit has two coupled LC bandpass filters, the first bandpass as a pre-filter of a first coil and a first capacitor group of at least one capacitor and the second bandpass from the LF antenna as an inductor and a second capacitor group consists of at least one capacitor ,
- This coupled bandpass structure allows a significant reduction of the harmonics and thus a significant improvement of the electromagnetic compatibility even with a rectangular or trapezoidal excitation, as was not usual for access control devices.
- the first bandpass has a common coil for all antennas, thereby keeping the cost of the pre-filter even with a larger number to be driven separately antennas in limits.
- a separate capacitor is provided in the pre-filter stage.
- a multiplexer is provided, via which the antennas are connected successively in multiplexing with the transmitting unit, wherein the multiplexer is arranged between the first and second bandpass. Only through the two bandpass filters in succession, it becomes possible to interpose a multiplexer and thereby already transmit a largely harmonics-free signal on the supply line to the antennas.
- the multiplexer is a shunt multiplexer in which a circuit node between the first to second bandpass for the respective inactive antenna via a controllable transistor is switched to ground potential, while this circuit node for the active antenna is not connected to ground potential and thus the signal from the Transmitter unit passes via the first bandpass to the active antenna.
- the capacitors of these inactive antennas are AC-connected in parallel with the capacitor of the active antenna and thus this interconnection of the capacitors gives the first capacitor group.
- the access control system generally also has an access unit, which is preferably present in a key or in an access authorization identification unit.
- the preferably arranged in the motor vehicle control unit is equipped with at least one transmitter with a low transmission frequency, hereinafter referred to as LF transmitter, which preferably operates in the range of 125 kHz, a control unit and at least one UHF receiver.
- LF transmitter a low transmission frequency
- control unit a control unit and at least one UHF receiver.
- the access unit consists of a microcomputer unit, at least one corresponding to the LF transmitter in the motor vehicle LF receiver and at least one UHF transmitter, which in turn corresponds to the UHF receiver in the motor vehicle.
- the arranged in the motor vehicle control unit is designed as a control unit, wherein the control unit accesses the LF transmitter whose individual associated antennas are preferably integrated in the door handles of the motor vehicle.
- the control unit accesses the LF transmitter whose individual associated antennas are preferably integrated in the door handles of the motor vehicle.
- at least one antenna is arranged in the interior of the motor vehicle and in the rear and front bumper. It has proven to be particularly advantageous to arrange the antennas of the LF transmitter at seven points on the vehicle at each exposed point.
- the access unit which is configured in particular as a mobile identification unit, consists of at least one LF receiver, a microcomputer unit and at least one UHF transmitter, which is designed in particular as a UHF transmitter module.
- the system preferably operates as follows: If the user actuates the door handle or another part on the motor vehicle, a wake-up signal is first sent via the LF transmitter to the access unit.
- the wake-up signal is necessary because the access unit when not in use at rest, the so-called sleep mode, is located in order to minimize the power consumption of the access unit.
- the wake-up signal which was received by the LF receiver of the access unit, now wakes up and in turn transmits its specific identification code via the UHF transmitter.
- the door of the vehicle remains locked. However, if the identification code is recognized, the lock of the motor vehicle, or the door lock of the motor vehicle, is unlocked, and the user can open the vehicle.
- the control unit which controls the LF transmitter is, as already indicated, preferably in connection with the microcomputer unit, which in turn works together with a driver circuit for operating the transmission antennas for low-frequency signals, adapted for the LF transmitter.
- the microcomputer unit also controls the UHF receiver, especially since unlocking of the at least one access opening to the motor vehicle takes place only after receipt of the UHF signal and receipt of the authentication.
- the microcomputer unit and the driver circuit for the LF transmitters and the LF antennas generate a transmission signal which consists of a high frequency carrier in the long wave range with a nominal frequency of 125 kHz.
- the high frequency carrier is amplitude modulated.
- the resulting AM signal includes a bit string transmission for transmitting the wake-up signal to the access unit.
- a square wave signal is modulated to the amplitude of the radio frequency carrier.
- To transmit such a signal over long wave requires various measures, in particular with regard to the frequency spectrum, since sidebands as well as harmonic components of the carrier must not exceed certain predetermined values due to the radio admission of the radio determination.
- the LF transmitter further cooperates with a pulse width modulator, a driver, a pre-filter, at least one LF transmission antenna, and a rectifier and control filter circuit located in the feedback region. It has proven advantageous to effectively use an antenna current of 1.41 amps at a range of 1.5 m of the LF signal around the antenna (s). In order now to achieve this current independently of the battery voltage of the motor vehicle and other disturbing factors, the modulation signal supplied by the microcomputer unit is changed by the pulse width modulation unit in the pulse width ranges such that the Antenna resonant circuit is supplied via an amplifier circuit just with so much energy or is triggered, so that the above-mentioned required antenna current flows.
- the pulse width modulated signal is fed into the antenna via an amplifier circuit and a double Pi band pass filter acting as a transmitter.
- the current through the bandpass filter is determined by means of a peak-value rectifier.
- the recovered voltage is proportional to the transmit antenna current.
- the supplied pulse width modulation width of the signal is incrementally adjusted via the microcomputer unit. The incremental adaptation is done in a ratio of 1 to N, where N is the number of modulation increases in progress. It has proven to be advantageous to leave at least four pulses unchanged. As soon as a desired current flow has settled in the antenna during the feedback and return measurement, the incremental control is fixed by the microcomputer unit to the desired value.
- the transmit antenna (s) and the pre-filter are used.
- This pre-filter is designed as a double-circuit pre-filter and thus achieves that even the third harmonic in the first circuit is attenuated by 45 dB. In this way, the connection from the control unit to the transmitting antenna is not subjected to unnecessary harmonics.
- the second transmission circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor. This series resonant circuit is tuned to the resonance frequency of 125 kHz, just the transmission frequency.
- FIG. 1 illustrated access control system consists of the two essential units 1, 7, wherein the first unit 1 in the motor vehicle and the second unit 7, the access unit, preferably arranged in a key or in an access authorization identification unit for the vehicle or integrated.
- the preferably arranged in the motor vehicle unit 1 is a control unit 2, which with at least one LF transmitter 4 with a low transmission frequency, a so-called LF transmitter, which preferably in the range of 125 kHz operates, a microcomputer unit 5, and at least one UHF receiver 6 is equipped.
- An LF transmitter 4 is in each case preferably arranged in each of the door handles 3 of the motor vehicle or on these.
- the access unit 7, in turn, consists of a microcomputer unit 10, at least one LF receiver 9 corresponding to the LF transmitter 4 in the motor vehicle, and at least one UHF transmitter 11, which in turn corresponds to the UHF receiver 6 in the motor vehicle, as well as one not currently to be explained Unit 8, which serves for example for coding the transmission signals.
- the LF receiver 9 is optimized for the transmission characteristic of the LF transmitter 4 and the UHF receiver 6 to the transmission characteristic de UHF transmitter 11th
- the unit 1 is associated with at least one further LF antenna in the interior of the motor vehicle and in the rear and front bumper of the motor vehicle. It has proved to be particularly advantageous to arrange the antennas 4 at seven locations on the vehicle at respectively exposed points.
- a wake-up signal is initially sent to the access unit 7 via all LF transmitters 4-one after the other.
- the wake-up signal is necessary because the access unit 7 when not in use in the idle state, the so-called sleep mode, is located in order to keep the power consumption of the access unit 7 as low as possible.
- the microcomputer unit 10 is awakened in the access unit 7, which in turn sends the specific identification code to the control unit 2 via the UHF transmitter 11. If this code does not match the code stored in the control unit 2, the door of the vehicle remains locked. Will the identification code but recognized, the lock of the motor vehicle, or the door lock of the motor vehicle, unlocked, and the user can open the vehicle.
- the control unit 2 which via the microcomputer unit. 5 drives the LF transmitter 4, has a driver circuit 12 for operating the LF transmission antennas 13, wherein in FIG. 2 only one antenna is shown for clarity, for low-frequency signals, adapted for the LF transmitter 4, on.
- the other LF transmission antennas 13 are parallel to in FIG. 2 switched transmitting antenna and are controlled via a multiplexer in succession.
- the microcomputer unit 5 also controls the UHF receiver 6, especially since unlocking of the at least one access opening to the motor vehicle takes place only after receipt of the UHF signal and receipt of the authentication.
- the UHF receiver 6 in turn has a UHF receiving antenna 14 for receiving the UHF signals.
- the microcomputer unit 5 and the drive circuit 12 for the LF transmitters 4 and the LF antennas 13 generate a transmission signal which consists of a high frequency carrier in the long wave range with a nominal frequency of 125 kHz.
- the high frequency carrier is amplitude modulated.
- the resulting AM signal includes a bit string transmission for transmitting the wake-up signal to the access unit 7.
- a square wave signal is modulated to the amplitude of the radio frequency carrier. To transmit such a signal over long wave requires various measures, in particular with regard to the frequency spectrum, since sidebands as well as harmonic components of the carrier must not exceed certain predetermined values due to the radio admission of the radio determination.
- the LF transmitter 4 is further connected to a pulse-width modulator, a pre-filter and a rectifier and control filter circuit located in the feedback region.
- FIG. 3 this is shown in more detail. It has proven advantageous to effectively use an antenna current of 1.41 amps at a range of 1.5 m of the LF signal around the antenna (s) 13. To now this current independent of the power supply 19, the battery voltage of the Motor vehicle, and other disturbing factors to achieve, the modulation signal supplied by the microcomputer unit 5 is changed by the pulse-width modulation unit 15 in the pulse width ranges such that the antenna resonant circuit 13 is supplied via an amplifier circuit just with so much energy or triggered , so that the above-mentioned required antenna current flows.
- a broad pulse clock the energy supply increases and the current increases, with a narrow pulse the energy supply decreases and the current falls.
- the pulse width modulated signal is fed to the LF transmission antenna 13 via a driver 12 and a double Pi band pass filter (L1, C1, Lant, C2) acting as a transmitter.
- the current is determined by a band-pass filter via a peak-value rectifier 17.
- the recovered voltage is proportional to the transmit antenna current.
- the supplied pulse width modulation width of the signal is incrementally adjusted via the microcomputer unit 5. The incremental adjustment is done in a ratio of 1 to N, where N is the number of modulation increases in progress. It has proved to be advantageous to leave at least four pulses unchanged. As soon as a desired current flow has settled in the antenna during the feedback and return measurement, the incremental control is fixed by the microcomputer unit 5 to the desired value.
- the LF transmission antenna 13 is designed as a long wave antenna.
- the entire transmission device comprises an amplifier device in the form of a central amplifier whose operating voltage is supplied to the power supply 19. At the output of the amplifier, the LF transmission antenna 13 is connected directly.
- the LF transmission antennas 13 are supplied by a multiplexer or a multiplexer, in FIG. 3 not shown - individually activated and thereby switched on in a certain order and time sequence and thus activated one after the other.
- multiplexer In the ground branch of the multiplexer in FIG. 2 not shown multiplexer is a resistor, in particular a shunt, connected for current measurement, which is part of a current control.
- the current control comprises a current detector in the form of an overcurrent comparator. This measures the transmission current conducted via the LF transmission antennas 13 and the multiplexer.
- the driver 12 which is driven on the input side with a low-frequency trigger signal, generates on the output side a square-wave voltage, which directly serves for the joint control of the LF transmission antennas 13 via the amplifier output.
- the LF transmission antennas 13 are switched in succession to the driver 12 by means of the multiplexer in a predeterminable time sequence.
- the driver 12 is designed as a push-pull stage.
- the transmitted current conducted via the respectively activated LF transmission antenna 13 is measured as described.
- the overcurrent comparator compares the transmission current with a predetermined reference value. When the reference value is exceeded, a current limitation of the transmission current to the predefinable reference value, which represents the setpoint value of the current regulation, takes place by means of a current regulation.
- the overcurrent comparator generates on the output side a control or trigger signal, which is supplied to the input of the driver 12 for controlling the output power of the output stage. As a result, the actual value of the transmission current is adjusted to the setpoint.
- Each LF transmitting antenna 13 is designed as a transmitting coil Lant, which is tuned by means of a series-connected capacitor C2 to series resonance.
- the pulse width modulation drive signal is generated by the pulse width modulator 15 to the driver 12.
- the prefilter 16 is used. With this double-circuit filter can be achieved that even the third harmonic in the first circle is attenuated by up to 45 dB.
- the result of the first circle and the second circle is a double-Pi bandpass filter (consisting of a pre-circle 1 with L1, C1 and from a second filter circle 2 from LAnt, C2).
- a timebase generator generates a 125 kHz periodic rectangular digital signal. Via this signal, a ramp is again generated via the positive edge and transferred to the inverted input of a comparator. The non-inverted input of this comparator receives from the control filter 18 a dependent of the amplitude of the antenna current voltage transmitted.
- the nominal value of the antenna current or the field strength is predetermined via the measuring point M.
- An operational amplifier serves as a control filter. Assuming that the antenna current increases, the AC voltage at the input of the rectifier 17 will increase. Thus, the DC voltage at the output of the rectifier 17 will be proportionally larger. As a result, the inverted input of the operational amplifier in the control filter 18 is given a more positive voltage than the voltage setpoint at the measuring point M at the non-inverted input. This voltage difference is integrated. Thus, the output voltage of the control filter 18 decreases. The output voltage of the control filter 18 is supplied to the pulse width modulator 15. This narrows the positive pulse because the energy at the dual-Pl bandpass filter has become less. This has the consequence that the voltage at the input of the rectifier 17 has become smaller. The difference between the actual value and the setpoint is reduced, so that the correct value is regulated.
- phase P2.1 the carrier signal is transmitted unmodulated (PWM out) and the current through the antenna (I_antenna) is detected and readjusted, as can be seen from the fluctuations in U_correction.
- a PWM signal generator for generating a pulse width modulated signal of predetermined clock frequency, wherein the clock frequency of the PWM (ground) signal is greater, preferably a multiple of the frequency of the digital signal.
- the digital signal is superimposed on the PWM signal, ie there is a correspondingly lower-frequency amplitude modulation on the PWM fundamental signal.
- the PWM signal controls semiconductor switches in switching operation, the transmit antenna being connected upstream of the bandpass pre-filter.
- FIG. 5 and 6 a further embodiment is shown, in which a majority of the elements of the invention, in particular the unit 1, have been replaced by a digital control and an electronic digital module.
- the LF transmitter is shown with 8 transmitting antennas Ant1 to Ant8.
- the control of the pulse width modulation is performed directly by the microcomputer unit 5 via one of its output ports QPWM.
- the pulse width modulation can be controlled digitally, or, with knowledge of the parameters, calculated directly and set directly.
- a clock signal is output, which provides the timing for the entire peripheral circuitry.
- the antenna current of each of the LF transmission antennas Ant1 to Ant8 is fed via a demultiplexer 21 on a line and compared via a comparator with the nominal antenna current. The result of the comparison is supplied to the microcomputer unit 5 via the input port COMP.
- the multiplexer 20 and the demultiplexer 21 are controlled in parallel by the microcomputer unit 5.
- a bin to 1 of 8 decoder 21_1 is provided.
- the demultiplexer is inexpensively replaced by a respective diode D1 to D8.
- the digital control takes place via the input values which are present at the input port COMP. There, the comparison value between the actual antenna current and the preset setpoint is available. Depending on this result, the microcomputer unit 5 controls the driver 12 via the output port QPWM and thus the pulse width.
- the already described control can also be bypassed by calculating the respective values in advance.
- the desired value can be calculated digitally and set directly.
- FIG. 7 the structure of the invention is shown using an embodiment with three antennas.
- the microcontroller 5_1 outputs the corresponding signal to the antennas Ant_01 to Ant_03, wherein the signals are supplied via the driver 12 to the multiplexer 20, which is designed as a shunt multiplexer.
- the DC voltage represents an image of the current in the antennas or the antenna and thus enables ideal control of the antenna and optimization of the antenna current.
- the first bandpass forms the pre-filter from the first coil L1 and a first capacitor group. It is Ant_01 active and the other two antennas Ant_02 and Ant_03 inactive.
- the multiplexer 20 is configured as a shunt multiplexer, in each case the switching node between the first and second band pass for the respectively inactive antennas Ant_02 and Ant_03 is switched to ground potential via a controllable transistor.
- CMOS semiconductors are used as the transistor, which enable a very fast switching of the transmitting antennas, in particular switching times of less than 400 ⁇ S.
- mechanical switching relays there is an additional advantage in the almost unlimited life and reliability of the multiplexer systems, since only semiconductors are used.
- the capacitors C2_VK, C3_VK of these inactive antennas are alternately connected in parallel to the capacitor C1_VK of the active antenna Ant_01 and thus results in this parallel connection of the capacitors C1 VK, C2 VK, C3 VK the first capacitor group.
- the directly connected in series capacitor C1_VK can therefore be significantly smaller dimensions, which leads to significant cost savings, especially in systems with a larger number of separate antennas.
- the second bandpass consists of the LF antenna Ant_01 as inductance and a second capacitor group of at least one capacitor, here C Ant 01.
- the first bandpass is thus formed by the coil L1 and the coupling capacitors C2_VK, C3_VK of the currently unused antennas Ant_02, Ant_03. These capacitors are grounded through the CMOS multiplexer switches.
- the non-active antennas consist of respectively associated Rs_Ant_xx, L_Ant_xx and C_Ant_xx.
- the impedance for the inactive antennas is shown in Equation 1 b and 1 c. Impedance Evaluation of the Inactive Antenna No .2 description .
- Z_Ant_ 02 _Switched off : RS_Ant_ 02 2 + L_Ant_ 02 • 2 • ⁇ Freq - 1 C_Ant_ 02 • 2 • ⁇ • Freq 2
- Impedance Evaluation of the Inactive Antenna No .3 description .
- Z_Ant_ 03 _Ausgeschalet : Z_Ant_ 03 _Switched off : RS_Ant_ 03 2 + L_Ant_ 03 • 2 • ⁇ Freq - 1 C_Ant_ 03 • 2 • ⁇ • Freq 2
- the second bandpass is the active antenna (in the Fig. 8 Ant_01).
- This antenna is tuned to the transmission frequency, the impedance being determined by RS_Ant_01, C_Ant_01 and C1_VK.
- the impedance calculation of this active antenna is shown under 1 a. Impedance Evaluation of the active antenna No .1 description .
- the two inactive antennas are strongly detuned with respect to the transmission frequency, thus preventing crosstalk by increasing the series impedance at the transmission frequency (see equation 1 b or 1 c above).
- crosstalk is on the order of less than 0.05% (-66dB), i. a transmission current in the 2000mA active antenna produces a crosstalk current of less than 1 mA in the non-active antennas.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Zugangskontrollsystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to an access control system for a motor vehicle according to the preamble of
Aus
Aus
Die
Die Entgegenhaltung
Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es, ein Zugangskontrollsystem für ein Kraftfahrzeug aufzuzeigen, welches insbesondere hinsichtlich der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit verbessert ist, wobei die Anzahl der Komponenten und der Platzbedarf möglichst gering gehalten werden soll.Object of the present invention is to show an access control system for a motor vehicle, which is particularly improved in terms of electromagnetic compatibility, the number of components and space requirements should be kept as low as possible.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale der unabhängigen Patentansprüche gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich anhand der weiteren Beschreibung, der Unteransprüche sowie der zugehörigen Figuren.This object is solved by the features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention will become apparent from the further description, the dependent claims and the accompanying figures.
Dazu weist die die Sendeeinheit zwei gekoppelte LC-Bandpassfilter auf, wobei der erste Bandpass als Vorfilter aus einer ersten Spule und einer ersten Kondensatorgruppe aus zumindest einem Kondensator und der zweite Bandpass aus der LF-Antenne als Induktivität und einer zweiten Kondensatorgruppe aus zumindest einem Kondensator besteht. Diese gekoppelte Bandpassstruktur ermöglicht eine deutliche Reduzierung der Oberwellen und damit eine deutliche Verbesserung der elektromagnetischen Verträglichkeit selbst bei einer rechteck- oder trapezförmigen Anregung, wie dies für Zugangskontrollvorrichtungen bisher nicht üblich war.For this purpose, the LC unit has two coupled LC bandpass filters, the first bandpass as a pre-filter of a first coil and a first capacitor group of at least one capacitor and the second bandpass from the LF antenna as an inductor and a second capacitor group consists of at least one capacitor , This coupled bandpass structure allows a significant reduction of the harmonics and thus a significant improvement of the electromagnetic compatibility even with a rectangular or trapezoidal excitation, as was not usual for access control devices.
Vorzugsweise weist der erste Bandpass eine für alle Antennen gemeinsame Spule auf, wodurch sich die Kosten für den Vorfilter selbst bei einer größeren Anzahl separat anzusteuernder Antennen in Grenzen halten. Für jede Antenne ist ein eigener Kondensator in der Vorfilterstufe vorgesehen.Preferably, the first bandpass has a common coil for all antennas, thereby keeping the cost of the pre-filter even with a larger number to be driven separately antennas in limits. For each antenna, a separate capacitor is provided in the pre-filter stage.
In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung ist ein Multiplexer vorgesehen, über den die Antennen nacheinander im Multiplexverfahren mit der Sendeeinheit verbunden werden, wobei der Multiplexer zwischen dem ersten und zweiten Bandpass angeordnet ist. Erst durch die zwei Bandpassfilter in Folge wird es möglich, einen Multiplexer dazwischenzuschalten und dabei bereits auf der Zuleitung zu den Antennen ein weitgehend oberwellenfreies Signal zu übermitteln.In a preferred embodiment, a multiplexer is provided, via which the antennas are connected successively in multiplexing with the transmitting unit, wherein the multiplexer is arranged between the first and second bandpass. Only through the two bandpass filters in succession, it becomes possible to interpose a multiplexer and thereby already transmit a largely harmonics-free signal on the supply line to the antennas.
Vorzugsweise ist der Multiplexer ein Shunt-Multiplexer, bei dem ein Schaltungsknoten zwischen ersten um zweitem Bandpass für die jeweils inaktiven Antennen über einen steuerbaren Transistor auf Massepotential geschaltet wird, während dieser Schaltungsknoten für die aktive Antenne nicht auf Massepotential geschaltet ist und damit das Signal von der Sendeeinheit über den ersten Bandpass an die aktive Antenne gelangt.Preferably, the multiplexer is a shunt multiplexer in which a circuit node between the first to second bandpass for the respective inactive antenna via a controllable transistor is switched to ground potential, while this circuit node for the active antenna is not connected to ground potential and thus the signal from the Transmitter unit passes via the first bandpass to the active antenna.
Vorzugsweise sind durch das Schalten des Schaltungsknotens der inaktiven Antennen auf Massepotential die Kondensatoren dieser inaktiven Antennen dem Kondensator der aktiven Antenne wechselspannungsmäßig parallelgeschaltet sind und somit diese Zusammenschaltung der Kondensatoren die erste Kondensatorgruppe gibt.Preferably, by switching the circuit node of the inactive antennas to ground potential, the capacitors of these inactive antennas are AC-connected in parallel with the capacitor of the active antenna and thus this interconnection of the capacitors gives the first capacitor group.
Das Zugangskontrollsystem weist in der Regel zudem eine Zugangseinheit, welche vorzugsweise in einem Schlüssel oder in einer Zugangsberechtigungsidentifikationseinheit vorhanden ist.The access control system generally also has an access unit, which is preferably present in a key or in an access authorization identification unit.
Das im Kraftfahrzeug vorzugsweise angeordnete Steuergerät ist mit mindestens einem Sender mit einer niederen Sendefrequenz, im Weiteren mit LF-Sender bezeichnet, welcher vorzugsweise im Bereich von 125 kHz arbeitet, einer Steuereinheit sowie mindestens einem UHF-Empfänger ausgestattet.The preferably arranged in the motor vehicle control unit is equipped with at least one transmitter with a low transmission frequency, hereinafter referred to as LF transmitter, which preferably operates in the range of 125 kHz, a control unit and at least one UHF receiver.
Die Zugangseinheit besteht aus einer Mikrocomputereinheit, mindestens einem zum LF-Sender im Kraftfahrzeug korrespondierenden LF-Empfänger sowie mindestens einem UHF-Sender, welcher wiederum zum UHF-Empfänger im Kraftfahrzeug korrespondiert.The access unit consists of a microcomputer unit, at least one corresponding to the LF transmitter in the motor vehicle LF receiver and at least one UHF transmitter, which in turn corresponds to the UHF receiver in the motor vehicle.
Das im Kraftfahrzeug angeordnete Steuergerät ist als Steuereinheit ausgestaltet, wobei die Steuereinheit auf den LF-Sender zugreift, dessen einzelnen zugehörigen Antennen vorzugsweise in den Türgriffen des Kraftfahrzeuges integriert sind. Im Weiteren ist mindestens eine Antenne im Innenraum des Kraftfahrzeuges sowie im hinteren und vorderen Stoßfänger angeordnet. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, die Antennen des LF-Senders an sieben Stellen am Fahrzeug an jeweils exponierter Stelle anzuordnen.The arranged in the motor vehicle control unit is designed as a control unit, wherein the control unit accesses the LF transmitter whose individual associated antennas are preferably integrated in the door handles of the motor vehicle. In addition, at least one antenna is arranged in the interior of the motor vehicle and in the rear and front bumper. It has proven to be particularly advantageous to arrange the antennas of the LF transmitter at seven points on the vehicle at each exposed point.
Die Zugangseinheit, welche insbesondere als mobile Identifikationseinheit ausgestaltet ist, besteht aus mindestens einem LF-Empfänger, einer Mikrocomputereinheit und mindestens einem UHF-Sender, welcher insbesondere als UHF-Sendermodul ausgestaltet ist.The access unit, which is configured in particular as a mobile identification unit, consists of at least one LF receiver, a microcomputer unit and at least one UHF transmitter, which is designed in particular as a UHF transmitter module.
Das System arbeitet vorzugsweise wie folgt: Betätigt der Anwender den Türgriff oder ein anderes Teil am Kraftfahrzeuges, wird zunächst ein Wecksignal über den LF-Sender an die Zugangseinheit gesendet. Das Aufwecksignal ist notwendig, da sich die Zugangseinheit bei Nichtgebrauch im Ruhezustand, dem sogenannten Sleep-Modus, befindet, um den Energieverbrauch der Zugangseinheit möglichst gering zu halten. Durch das Wecksignal, welches vom LF-Empfänger der Zugangseinheit empfangen wurde, wacht diese nun auf und sendet ihrerseits über den UHF-Sender ihren spezifischen Identifikationscode.The system preferably operates as follows: If the user actuates the door handle or another part on the motor vehicle, a wake-up signal is first sent via the LF transmitter to the access unit. The wake-up signal is necessary because the access unit when not in use at rest, the so-called sleep mode, is located in order to minimize the power consumption of the access unit. The wake-up signal, which was received by the LF receiver of the access unit, now wakes up and in turn transmits its specific identification code via the UHF transmitter.
Stimmt dieser Code nicht mit dem im Steuergerät des Kraftfahrzeugs abgelegten Code überein, bleibt die Tür des Fahrzeuges verriegelt. Wird der Identifikationscode aber erkannt, so wird das Schloss des Kraftfahrzeuges, bzw. das Türschloss des Kraftfahrzeuges, entriegelt, und der Nutzer kann das Fahrzeug öffnen.If this code does not match the code stored in the control unit of the motor vehicle, the door of the vehicle remains locked. However, if the identification code is recognized, the lock of the motor vehicle, or the door lock of the motor vehicle, is unlocked, and the user can open the vehicle.
Das Steuergerät, welches den LF-Sender ansteuert, steht, wie bereits aufgezeigt, vorzugsweise mit der Mikrocomputereinheit in Verbindung, welche wiederum mit einer Treiberschaltung zum Betrieb der Sendeantennen für niederfrequente Signale, angepasst für den LF-Sender, zusammen arbeitet. Die Mikrocomputereinheit steuert aber zugleich auch den UHF-Empfänger, zumal erst nach Empfang des UHF-Signals und dem Empfang der Authentifizierung eine Entriegelung der mindestens einen Zugangsöffnung zum Kraftfahrzeug erfolgt. Die Mikrocomputereinheit und die Treiberschaltung für die LF-Sender und die LF-Antennen erzeugen ein Sendesignal, welches aus einem Hochfrequenzträger im Langwellenbereich mit einer Nennfrequenz von 125 kHz besteht. Der Hochfrequenzträger wird amplitudenmoduliert. Das hierdurch entstehenden AM-Signal beinhaltet eine Bitfolgenübertragung zur Sendung des Wecksignals an die Zugangseinheit. Bei idealer Übertragung wird ein Rechtecksignal auf die Amplitude des Hochfrequenzträgers moduliert. Ein solches Signal über Langwelle zu übertragen bedarf diverser Maßnahmen, insbesondere bezüglich des Frequenzspektrums, da Seitenbänder wie auch Oberwellenanteile des Trägers gewisse vorgegebene Werte aufgrund der Funkzulassung der Funkbestimmung nicht überschreiten dürfen.The control unit which controls the LF transmitter is, as already indicated, preferably in connection with the microcomputer unit, which in turn works together with a driver circuit for operating the transmission antennas for low-frequency signals, adapted for the LF transmitter. At the same time, however, the microcomputer unit also controls the UHF receiver, especially since unlocking of the at least one access opening to the motor vehicle takes place only after receipt of the UHF signal and receipt of the authentication. The microcomputer unit and the driver circuit for the LF transmitters and the LF antennas generate a transmission signal which consists of a high frequency carrier in the long wave range with a nominal frequency of 125 kHz. The high frequency carrier is amplitude modulated. The resulting AM signal includes a bit string transmission for transmitting the wake-up signal to the access unit. With ideal transmission, a square wave signal is modulated to the amplitude of the radio frequency carrier. To transmit such a signal over long wave requires various measures, in particular with regard to the frequency spectrum, since sidebands as well as harmonic components of the carrier must not exceed certain predetermined values due to the radio admission of the radio determination.
Der LF-Sender arbeitet weiterhin mit einem Puls-Weiten-Modulator, einem Treiber, einem Vorfilter, mindestens einer LF-Sendeantenne sowie einem im Rückkoppelbereich befindlichen Gleichrichter- und Regelfilterschaltung zusammen. Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, bei einer Reichweite von 1,5 m des LF-Signals um die Antenne(n) herum einen Antennenstrom von 1,41 A effektiv zu verwenden. Um nunmehr diesen Strom unabhängig von der Batteriespannung des Kraftfahrzeuges und anderen Störfaktoren zu erreichen, wird das von der Mikrocomputereinheit gelieferte Modulationssignal durch die Puls-Weiten-Modulationseinheit derart in den Puls-Weiten-Bereichen verändert, dass der Antennenschwingkreis über eine Verstärkerschaltung gerade mit soviel Energie versorgt bzw. angestoßen wird, damit der o.g. erforderliche Antennenstrom fließt. Durch einen breiten Pulstakt, erhöht sich die Energiezufuhr und der Strom steigt, bei einem schmalen Puls verringert sich die Energiezufuhr und der Strom fällt. Ist der Soll-Strom-Wert erreicht, muss der Antenne nur noch wenig Energie zugeführt werden, damit der Soll-Strom erhalten bleibt. Das pulsbreit modulierte Signal wird über eine Verstärkerschaltung und eine als Überträger fungierenden Doppel-Pi-Bandpassfilter in die Antenne eingespeist. Über einen Spitzengleichwertrichter wird der Strom durch den Bandpassfilter ermittelt. Die gewonnene Spannung ist proportional zum Sendeantennenstrom. Um nunmehr einen kontinuierlichen Antennenstrom zu gewährleisten, wird über die Mikrocomputereinheit die zugeführte Pulsbreitenmodulationsbreite des Signals inkrementell angepasst. Die inkrementelle Anpassung erfolgt in einem Verhältnis 1 zu N, wobei N die Anzahl der laufenden Modulationserhöhungen ist. Es hat sich als vorteilhaft verwiesen, jeweils mindestens vier Impulse unverändert zu belassen. Sobald sich bei der Rückkopplung und Rückmessung ein gewünschter Stromfluss in der Antenne eingestellt hat, wird die Inkrementalregelung von der Mikrocomputereinheit auf den gewünschten Wert fixiert.The LF transmitter further cooperates with a pulse width modulator, a driver, a pre-filter, at least one LF transmission antenna, and a rectifier and control filter circuit located in the feedback region. It has proven advantageous to effectively use an antenna current of 1.41 amps at a range of 1.5 m of the LF signal around the antenna (s). In order now to achieve this current independently of the battery voltage of the motor vehicle and other disturbing factors, the modulation signal supplied by the microcomputer unit is changed by the pulse width modulation unit in the pulse width ranges such that the Antenna resonant circuit is supplied via an amplifier circuit just with so much energy or is triggered, so that the above-mentioned required antenna current flows. By a broad pulse clock, the energy supply increases and the current increases, with a narrow pulse the energy supply decreases and the current falls. Once the setpoint current value has been reached, only little energy needs to be supplied to the antenna so that the setpoint current is maintained. The pulse width modulated signal is fed into the antenna via an amplifier circuit and a double Pi band pass filter acting as a transmitter. The current through the bandpass filter is determined by means of a peak-value rectifier. The recovered voltage is proportional to the transmit antenna current. In order to ensure now a continuous antenna current, the supplied pulse width modulation width of the signal is incrementally adjusted via the microcomputer unit. The incremental adaptation is done in a ratio of 1 to N, where N is the number of modulation increases in progress. It has proven to be advantageous to leave at least four pulses unchanged. As soon as a desired current flow has settled in the antenna during the feedback and return measurement, the incremental control is fixed by the microcomputer unit to the desired value.
Um ein Sendesignal ohne störende Oberwellen zu erzeugen, wird für die Sendeantenne(n) sowie der Vorfilter verwendet. Dieses Vorfilter ist als Doppelkreisvorfilter ausgestaltet und erreicht so, dass schon die dritte Oberwelle beim ersten Kreis um 45 dB abgeschwächt wird. Auf diese Weise ist die Verbindung vom Steuergerät zur Sendeantenne nicht mit unnötigen Oberwellen beaufschlagt. Der zweite Sendekreis besteht aus einer Induktivität und einer Kapazität. Dieser Serienresonanzkreis ist auf die Resonanzfrequenz von 125 kHz abgestimmt, eben der Sendefrequenz.To generate a transmission signal without interfering harmonics, the transmit antenna (s) and the pre-filter are used. This pre-filter is designed as a double-circuit pre-filter and thus achieves that even the third harmonic in the first circuit is attenuated by 45 dB. In this way, the connection from the control unit to the transmitting antenna is not subjected to unnecessary harmonics. The second transmission circuit consists of an inductor and a capacitor. This series resonant circuit is tuned to the resonance frequency of 125 kHz, just the transmission frequency.
Im Weiteren wird nunmehr die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen und Figuren näher beschrieben.In the following, the invention will now be described in more detail with reference to embodiments and figures.
Es zeigt:
- FIG. 1
- einen schematischen Aufbau der wesentlichen Elemente des Zugangskontrollsystems;
- FIG. 2
- einen schematischen Aufbau des Steuergerätes des Zugangskontrollsystems;
- FIG. 3
- einen weiteren schematischen Aufbau des Steuergerätes;
- FIG. 4
- eine schematische Darstellung der Funktionsweise der Pulsweitenmodulations-Regelung; und
- FIG. 5
- einen weiteren schematischen Aufbau des Steuergerätes mit Integration eines digitalen Bausteines;
- FIG. 6
- einen weiteren schematischen Aufbau des Steuergerätes mit Integration eines digitalen Bausteines;
- FIG. 7
- einen weiteren vereinfachten schematischen Aufbau des Steuergerätes mit Integration eines digitalen Bausteines.
- Fig. 8
- Funktionsweise der gekoppelten Bandpassfilter sowie des Shunt- Multiplexers
- FIG. 1
- a schematic structure of the essential elements of the access control system;
- FIG. 2
- a schematic structure of the control unit of the access control system;
- FIG. 3
- a further schematic structure of the control unit;
- FIG. 4
- a schematic representation of the operation of the pulse width modulation control; and
- FIG. 5
- a further schematic structure of the control unit with integration of a digital module;
- FIG. 6
- a further schematic structure of the control unit with integration of a digital module;
- FIG. 7
- another simplified schematic structure of the control unit with integration of a digital block.
- Fig. 8
- Functionality of the coupled bandpass filter and the shunt multiplexer
Bei den Figuren wird für identische Bauteile bzw. Gruppen in allen Figuren das gleiche Bezugszeichen verwendet. Dies dient zur leichteren Verständlichkeit der BeschreibungIn the figures, the same reference numerals are used for identical components or groups in all figures. This is for easier understanding of the description
Das in
Die im Kraftfahrzeug vorzugsweise angeordnete Einheit 1 ist ein Steuergerät 2, welches mit mindestens einem LF-Sender 4 mit einer niederen Sendefrequenz, einem sogenannten LF-Sender, welcher vorzugsweise im Bereich von 125 kHz arbeitet, einer Microcomputereinheit 5, sowie mindestens einem UHF-Empfänger 6 ausgestattet ist. Ein LF-Sender 4 ist jeweils vorzugsweise in jedem der Türgriffe 3 des Kraftfahrzeuges bzw. an diesen angeordnet.The preferably arranged in the
Die Zugangseinheit 7 besteht ihrerseits aus einer Mikrocomputereinheit 10, mindestens einem zum LF-Sender 4 im Kraftfahrzeug korrespondierenden LF-Empfänger 9 sowie mindestens einem UHF-Sender 11, welcher wiederum zum UHF-Empfänger 6 im Kraftfahrzeug korrespondiert, sowie einer aktuell nicht näher zu erläuternden Einheit 8, welche beispielsweise zur Codierung der Sendesignale dient. Der LF-Empfänger 9 ist auf die Sendecharakteristik der LF-Sender 4 optimiert und der UHF-Empfänger 6 auf die Sendecharakteristik de UHF-Senders 11.The
Natürlicherweise ist in der Zugangseinheit 7 eine Energieversorgungseinheit vorhanden, welche die Einheiten und elektrischen Komponenten mit der notwendigen Energie versorgt. Diese Energieversorgungseinheit wird bei jedem Startvorgang des Kraftfahrzeuges über dessen Bordnetz geladen, beispielsweise über die Einheit 8.Of course, there is a power supply unit in the
Im Weiteren ist der Einheit 1 mindestens eine weitere LF-Antenne im Innenraum des Kraftfahrzeuges sowie im hinteren und vorderen Stoßfänger des Kraftfahrzeuges zugeordnet. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich erwiesen, die Antennen 4 an sieben Stellen am Fahrzeug an jeweils exponierter Stelle anzuordnen.In addition, the
Betätigt der Anwender einen der Türgriffe 3 oder ein anderes Teil am Kraftfahrzeuges, wird zunächst ein Wecksignal über alle LF-Sender 4 - nacheinander angesteuert - an die Zugangseinheit 7 gesendet. Das Aufwecksignal ist notwendig, da sich die Zugangseinheit 7 bei Nichtgebrauch im Ruhezustand, dem sogenannten Sleep-Modus, befindet, um den Energieverbrauch der Zugangseinheit 7 möglichst gering zu halten. Durch das Wecksignal, welches vom LF-Empfänger 9 der Zugangseinheit 7 empfangen wurde, wird die Mikrocomputereinheit 10 in der Zugangseinheit 7 geweckt, welche dann wiederum über den UHF-Sender 11 den spezifischen Identifikationscode an das Steuergerät 2 sendet. Stimmt dieser Code nicht mit dem im Steuergerät 2 abgelegten Code überein, bleibt die Tür des Fahrzeuges verriegelt. Wird der Identifikationscode aber erkannt, so wird das Schloss des Kraftfahrzeuges, bzw. das Türschloss des Kraftfahrzeuges, entriegelt, und der Nutzer kann das Fahrzeug öffnen.If the user actuates one of the door handles 3 or another part on the motor vehicle, a wake-up signal is initially sent to the
Anhand von
Die Mikrocomputereinheit 5 und die Treiberschaltung 12 für die LF-Sender 4 und die LF-Antennen 13 erzeugen ein Sendesignal, welches aus einem Hochfrequenzträger im Langwellenbereich mit einer Nennfrequenz von 125 kHz besteht. Der Hochfrequenzträger wird amplitudenmoduliert. Das hierdurch entstehenden AM-Signal beinhaltet eine Bitfolgenübertragung zur Sendung des Wecksignals an die Zugangseinheit 7. Bei idealer Übertragung wird ein Rechtecksignal auf die Amplitude des Hochfrequenzträgers moduliert. Ein solches Signal über Langwelle zu übertragen bedarf diverser Maßnahmen, insbesondere bezüglich des Frequenzspektrums, da Seitenbänder wie auch Oberwellenanteile des Trägers gewisse vorgegebene Werte aufgrund der Funkzulassung der Funkbestimmung nicht überschreiten dürfen.The
Der LF-Sender 4 steht weiterhin mit einem Puls-Weiten-Modulator, einem Vorfilter sowie einer im Rückkoppelbereich befindlichen Gleichrichter- und Regelfilterschaltung in Verbindung.The
In
Die LF-Sendeantenne 13 ist als Langwellenantenne ausgelegt. Die gesamte Sendevorrichtung umfasst eine Verstärkereinrichtung in Form eines zentralen Verstärkers, dessen Betriebsspannung der Energieversorgung 19 geliefert wird. Am Ausgang des Verstärkers ist die LF-Sendeantenne 13 direkt angeschlossen. Die LF-Sendeantennen 13 werden von einer Multiplexereinrichtung bzw. einem Multiplexer, in
In den Massezweig des Multiplexers in
Beim Betrieb der Einheit 1 erzeugt der eingangsseitig mit einem niederfrequenten Triggersignal angesteuerte Treiber 12 ausgangsseitig eine Rechteckspannung, die über den Verstärkerausgang direkt zur gemeinsamen Ansteuerung der LF-Sendeantennen 13 dient. Dabei werden die LF-Sendeantennen 13 mittels des Multiplexers in einer vorgebbaren Zeitabfolge nacheinander dem Treiber 12 zugeschaltet. Dadurch wird eine besonders verlustarme Ansteuerung erzielt. In vorteilhafter Weise ist der Treiber 12 als Gegentaktstufe ausgeführt.During operation of the
Der über die jeweils aktivierte LF-Sendeantenne 13 geführte Sendestrom wird, wie beschrieben, gemessen. Der Überstrom-Komparator vergleicht den Sendestrom mit einem vorgegebenen Referenzwert. Bei Überschreiten des Referenzwertes erfolgt mittels einer Stromregelung eine Strombegrenzung des Sendestroms auf den vorgebbaren Referenzwert, der den Sollwert der Stromregelung darstellt. Hierzu erzeugt der Überstrom-Komparator ausgangsseitig ein Steuer- oder Triggersignal, das dem Eingang des Treibers 12 zur Steuerung der Ausgangsleistung der Endstufe zugeführt wird. Dadurch wird der Istwert des Sendestroms dem Sollwert angepasst.The transmitted current conducted via the respectively activated
Jede LF-Sendeantenne 13 ist als Sendespule Lant ausgeführt, die mittels eines mit dieser in Reihe geschalteten Kondensators C2 auf Serienresonanz abgestimmt ist.Each
Für eine einfache und energiesparende Ansteuerung wird das Pulsweitenmudulations-Ansteuersignal vom Pulsweitenmodulator 15 an den Treiber 12 erzeugt. Um ein Sendesignal ohne störende Oberwellen zu erzeugen, wird der Vorfilter 16 verwendet. Mit diesem Doppelkreisfilter kann erreicht werden, dass schon die dritte Oberwelle beim ersten Kreis um bis zu 45 dB abgeschwächt wird.For a simple and energy-saving control, the pulse width modulation drive signal is generated by the
Es ergibt sich aus dem 1-ten Kreis und dem 2-ten Kreis ein Doppel-Pi-Bandpassfilter (bestehend aus einem Vorkreis 1 mit L1, C1 und aus einem zweiten Filterkreis 2 aus LAnt, C2).The result of the first circle and the second circle is a double-Pi bandpass filter (consisting of a pre-circle 1 with L1, C1 and from a
Am Eingang des Gleichrichters 17 entsteht somit eine Wechsel-Spannung über dem Serienwiderstand R. Diese ist eine Abbildung des Stromes der über die LF-Sendeantenne 13 fließt. Über einen Gleichrichter 17 wird diese Spannung als gleichgerichtet. Die gleichgerichtete Spannung liegt am Ausgang des Gleichrichters 17 an und dient als Eingangsignal des Regelungsfilters 18.At the input of the
Ein Zeitbasisgenerator generiert ein periodisches 125-kHz-Rechteck-Digitalsignal. Über dieses Signal wird wiederum über die positive Flanke eine Rampe erzeugt und an den invertierten Eingang eines Komparators übergeben. Der nicht invertierte Eingang dieses Komparators bekommt vom Regelungsfilter 18 eine von der Amplitude des Antennenstromes abhängige Spannung übermittelt.A timebase generator generates a 125 kHz periodic rectangular digital signal. Via this signal, a ramp is again generated via the positive edge and transferred to the inverted input of a comparator. The non-inverted input of this comparator receives from the control filter 18 a dependent of the amplitude of the antenna current voltage transmitted.
Der Sollwert des Antennenstromes bzw. die Feldstärke ist über den Messpunkt M vorgegeben. Ein Operationsverstärker dient als Regelfilter. Bei der Annahme, dass der Antennenstrom steigt, wird die Wechsel-Spannung am Eingang des Gleichrichters 17 steigen. Somit wird die Gleichspannung am Ausgang des Gleichrichters 17 proportional auch größer werden. Dadurch bekommt der invertierte Eingang des Operationsverstärkers im Regelüngsfilter 18 eine positivere Spannung als der Spannungssollwert am Messpunkt M am nicht invertierten Eingang zu sehen. Diese Spannungsdifferenz wird integriert. Somit sinkt die Ausgangsspannung des Regelungsfilters 18. Die Ausgangsspannung des Regelungsfilters 18 wird dem Pulsweitenmodulator 15 zugeführt. Dadurch wird der positive Impuls schmäler, da die Energie am Doppel-Pl-Bandpassfilter weniger geworden ist. Das hat zur Folge, dass die Spannung am Eingang des Gleichrichters 17 geringer geworden ist. Die Differenz zwischen Istwert und Sollwert wird verkleinert, so dass auf den richtigen Wert geregelt wird.The nominal value of the antenna current or the field strength is predetermined via the measuring point M. An operational amplifier serves as a control filter. Assuming that the antenna current increases, the AC voltage at the input of the
Anhand des Ablaufdiagramms
Damit sich bei einem Neustart oder einem undefinierten Betriebszustand bspw. nach einer gewissen Sendezeit der Istwert U_korrektur so schnell wie möglich auf die Führungsgröße einstellt, wird während der Phase P1 der Integrationsfilter auf einen groben Wert U0 voreingestellt. Dies erfolgt mittels des Signals LF_DC_FILT_VAL_UPO (vgl.
Zum Verlassen der Voreinstellung und der Aktivierung der PWM wird nach der Freigabe durch das Signal LF_MODULATION_UPO und LF_FILT_SETUP_UPO = HIGH durchgeschaltet (FILT_OUT_VAL_HLD_UPO = LOW). d.h. das Regelverhalten in Phase P2 wird wie oben aktiv.To quit the presetting and to activate the PWM, after the enable, the signals LF_MODULATION_UPO and LF_FILT_SETUP_UPO = HIGH are switched through (FILT_OUT_VAL_HLD_UPO = LOW). i.e. the control behavior in phase P2 becomes active as above.
Es wird also in Phase P2.1 das Trägersignal unmoduliert gesendet (PWM out) und der Strom durch die Antenne (I_Antenne) erfasst und nachgeregelt, wie anhand der Schwankungen an U_Korrektur erkennbar ist.Thus, in phase P2.1, the carrier signal is transmitted unmodulated (PWM out) and the current through the antenna (I_antenna) is detected and readjusted, as can be seen from the fluctuations in U_correction.
In der anschließenden Sendephase P3.1 wird Signal FILT_OUT_VAL_HLD_UPO = HIGH und damit das PWM-Verhältnis festgehalten, bis dass der Datenübertragungszyklus abgeschlossen ist.In the subsequent transmission phase P3.1 signal FILT_OUT_VAL_HLD_UPO = HIGH and thus the PWM ratio is held until the data transmission cycle is completed.
Ab diesem Zeitpunkt können Datenbits über 100 % Modulation des Trägers übertragen werden. Da ein Ein- bzw. Ausschalten des Trägers weit über der Zeitkonstante des Trägers liegt wird durch die vorherigen Maßnahmen und eine entsprechend bemessene Dauer eines Datenübertragungszyklus vermieden, dass eine Schwebung von U_Korrektur und damit der Trägeramplitude stattfindet.From this point on data bits can be transmitted via 100% modulation of the carrier. Since turning on or off the carrier is far above the time constant of the carrier is avoided by the previous measures and a correspondingly sized duration of a data transfer cycle that a beating of U_Korrektur and thus the carrier amplitude takes place.
Nach der vorgegebenen Dauer P3 eines Datenübertragungszyklus wird der Regelkreis wiederAfter the predetermined duration P3 of a data transmission cycle, the control loop is restored
Um die Sendeschaltung über einen weiten Bereich von Betriebsspannungen verlustarm zu betreiben, wird ein PWM-Signalerzeuger zur Erzeugung eines pulsweitenmodulierten Signals vorgegebener Taktfrequenz vorgesehen, wobei die Taktfrequenz des PWM-(Grund)-Signals größer, vorzugsweise ein Vielfaches der Frequenz des digitalen Signals ist. Zur Übertragung des digitalen Signals wird das digitale Signal dem PWM-Signal überlagert, d.h. es erfolgt eine entsprechend niederfrequentere Amplitudenmodulation auf dem PWM-Grundsignal. Das PWM-Signal steuert Halbleiterschalter im Schaltbetrieb, wobei der Sendeantenne der Bandpassvorfilter vorgeschaltet ist.In order to operate the transmission circuit with low loss over a wide range of operating voltages, a PWM signal generator is provided for generating a pulse width modulated signal of predetermined clock frequency, wherein the clock frequency of the PWM (ground) signal is greater, preferably a multiple of the frequency of the digital signal. For the transmission of the digital signal, the digital signal is superimposed on the PWM signal, ie there is a correspondingly lower-frequency amplitude modulation on the PWM fundamental signal. The PWM signal controls semiconductor switches in switching operation, the transmit antenna being connected upstream of the bandpass pre-filter.
In
Der LF-Sender ist mit 8 Sendeantennen Ant1 bis Ant8 dargestellt. Die Ansteuerung der Pulsweitenmodulation wird direkt von der Microcomputereinheit 5 über einer deren Ausgangsports QPWM vorgenommen. Über die Microcomputereinheit 5 kann entweder die Pulsweitenmodulation digital geregelt werden, oder aber, bei Kenntnis der Parameter, direkt berechnet und direkt eingestellt werden. Über den Ausgangsport CLK wird ein Clock-Signal ausgegeben, welches den Zeittakt für die gesamte periphere Beschaltung liefert. Bei
Die digitale Regelung erfolgt über die Eingangswerte, welche am Eingangsport COMP anliegen. Dort liegt der Vergleichswert zwischen tatsächlichen Antennenstrom und dem voreingestellten Sollwert vor. In Abhängigkeit dieses Ergebnisses steuert die Microcomputereinheit 5 über den Ausgangsport QPWM den Treiber 12 an und somit die Pulsbreite.The digital control takes place via the input values which are present at the input port COMP. There, the comparison value between the actual antenna current and the preset setpoint is available. Depending on this result, the
Die bereits beschrieben Regelung kann auch umgangen werden, indem die jeweiligen Werte vorab berechnet werden.The already described control can also be bypassed by calculating the respective values in advance.
Dies lässt sich anhand der Gleichungen wie folgt errechnen:This can be calculated from the equations as follows:
Der Effektivwert des Stromes der LF-Sendeantenne 13 lässt sich wie folgt berechnen:
- wobei PWM_nS der Wert der Dauer der Pulsbreite in nsec,
- Linear_Fakt das Produkt des Quadrats des Antennenstromes mit dem elektrischen Widerstand der Antenne und
- U_Batt die Versorgungsspannung ist.
- where PWM_nS is the value of the duration of the pulse width in nsec,
- Linear_Fakt the product of the square of the antenna current with the electrical resistance of the antenna and
- U_Batt is the supply voltage.
Kennt man hingegen den Effektivwert des Antennenstomes, bzw. will man diesen einstellen, so errechnet sich die Pulsbreite in nsec wie folgt:
In
Es ist durch den Aufbau nach
Anhand von
Der erste Bandpass bildet den Vorfilter aus der ersten Spule L1 und einer ersten Kondensatorgruppe. Es ist Ant_01 aktiv und die anderen zwei Antennen Ant_02 und Ant_03 inaktiv.The first bandpass forms the pre-filter from the first coil L1 and a first capacitor group. It is Ant_01 active and the other two antennas Ant_02 and Ant_03 inactive.
Da der Multiplexer 20 als Shunt-Multiplexer ausgestaltet ist, wird jeweils der Schältungsknoten zwischen erstem und zweitem Bandpass für die jeweils inaktiven Antennen Ant_02 und Ant_03 über einen steuerbaren Transistor auf Massepotential geschaltet. Als Transistor kommen dabei vorzugsweise CMOS-Halbleiter zum Einsatz, die ein sehr schnelles Umschalten der Sendeantennen ermöglichen, insbesondere Umschaltzeiten geringer als 400µS. Im Gegensatz zu mechanischen Schaltrelais besteht ein zusätzlicher Vorteil in der nahezu unbegrenzten Lebensdauer und der Zuverlässigkeit der Multiplexer-Systeme, da nur Halbleiter eingesetzt werden.Since the
Durch das Schalten der jeweiligen Schaltungsknoten der inaktiven Antennen Ant_02,Ant_03 auf Massepotential mittels der Schalter S2,S3 werden die Kondensatoren C2_VK, C3_VK dieser inaktiven Antennen dem Kondensator C1_VK der aktiven Antenne Ant_01 wechselspannungsmäßig parallel geschaltet und ergibt somit diese Parallelschaltung der Kondensatoren C1 VK,C2 VK, C3 VK die erste Kondensatorgruppe. Der direkt in Serie geschaltete Kondensator C1_VK kann daher deutlich kleiner dimensioniert werden, was insbesondere bei Systemen mit einer größeren Anzahl von separaten Antennen zu deutlichen Kosteneinsparungen führt.By switching the respective circuit nodes of the inactive antennas Ant_02, Ant_03 to ground potential by means of the switches S2, S3, the capacitors C2_VK, C3_VK of these inactive antennas are alternately connected in parallel to the capacitor C1_VK of the active antenna Ant_01 and thus results in this parallel connection of the capacitors C1 VK, C2 VK, C3 VK the first capacitor group. The directly connected in series capacitor C1_VK can therefore be significantly smaller dimensions, which leads to significant cost savings, especially in systems with a larger number of separate antennas.
Der zweite Bandpass besteht aus der LF-Antenne Ant_01 als Induktivität und einer zweiten Kondensatorgruppe aus zumindest einem Kondensator, hier C Ant 01.The second bandpass consists of the LF antenna Ant_01 as inductance and a second capacitor group of at least one capacitor, here
Der erste Bandpass wird also durch die Spule L1 und die Koppelkondensatoren C2_VK, C3_VK der aktuell nicht benutzten Antennen Ant_02, Ant_03 gebildet. Diese Kondensatoren sind über die CMOS- Multiplexer-Schalter auf Masse gelegt.The first bandpass is thus formed by the coil L1 and the coupling capacitors C2_VK, C3_VK of the currently unused antennas Ant_02, Ant_03. These capacitors are grounded through the CMOS multiplexer switches.
Die nichtaktiven Antennen bestehen aus jeweils zugehörigen Rs_Ant_xx, L_Ant_xx und C_Ant_xx. Die Impedanz für die inaktiven Antennen ist in der Gleichung 1 b und 1 c dargestellt.
Der zweite Bandpass ist die aktive Antenne (in der
Da die Halbleiter -Multiplexer im geschalteten Zustand nicht die theoretischen Null Ohm, sondern einige Milli Ohm aufweisen, entsteht durch den Scheinstrom durch C2_VK und C3_VK an den Multiplexern eine Restspannung von etlichen mV. Da bei den beiden nicht aktiven Antennen die beiden Abstimmkondensatoren durch die Multiplexer parallel geschaltet sind, verdoppelt sich aber die Kapazität des Abstimmkondensators dieser inaktiven Antennen.Since the semiconductor multiplexers in the switched state not the theoretical zero ohms, but some milli ohms have, created by the apparent current through C2_VK and C3_VK at the multiplexers, a residual voltage of several mV. Since the two tuning capacitors are connected in parallel by the multiplexers in the two non-active antennas, but doubles the capacity of the tuning capacitor of these inactive antennas.
Dadurch sind die beiden inaktiven Antennen gegenüber der Sendefrequenz stark verstimmt und somit ein Übersprechen durch die Erhöhung der Serienimpedanz bei der Sendefrequenz (siehe oben Gleichung 1 b oder 1 c) verhindert.As a result, the two inactive antennas are strongly detuned with respect to the transmission frequency, thus preventing crosstalk by increasing the series impedance at the transmission frequency (see equation 1 b or 1 c above).
Die Gleichung für die Übersprechungsunterdrückung ist unter 1e zu finden.
Der tatsächliche Übersprechungsstrom für die inaktiven Antennen ist unter 1f und 1g zu finden.
Praktische Messungen haben ergeben, dass das Übersprechen in der Größenordnung von weniger als 0,05 % ist (-66dB), d.h. ein Sendestrom in der aktiven Antenne von 2000mA erzeugt in den nicht aktiven Antennen ein Übersprechstrom von weniger als 1 mA.Practical measurements have shown that crosstalk is on the order of less than 0.05% (-66dB), i. a transmission current in the 2000mA active antenna produces a crosstalk current of less than 1 mA in the non-active antennas.
Beim Wechseln der aktiven Antenne auf Ant_02 oder Ant_03 bleibt das Berechnungsprinzip gleich.When changing the active antenna to Ant_02 or Ant_03, the calculation principle remains the same.
- 11
- Einheitunit
- 22
- Steuergerätcontrol unit
- 33
- Türgriff(e)Door handle (e)
- 44
- LF-SenderLF-transmitters
- 55
- MicrocomputereinheitMicrocomputer unit
- 66
- UHF-EmpfängerUHF receiver
- 77
- Zugangseinheitaccess unit
- 88th
- Einheitunit
- 99
- LF-EmpfängerLF receiver
- 1010
- MikrocomputereinheitMicrocomputer unit
- 1111
- UHF-SenderUHF Transmitter
- 1212
- Treiberdriver
- 1313
- LF-SendeantenneLF transmission antenna
- 1414
- UHF-EmpfangsantenneUHF receiving antenna
- 1515
- PulsweitenmodulatorPulse width modulator
- 1616
- Vorfilterprefilter
- 1717
- Gleichrichterrectifier
- 1818
- Regelfilterrule filter
- 1919
- Energieversorgungpower supply
- 2020
- Multiplexermultiplexer
- 2121
- Demultiplexerdemultiplexer
- 2222
- Masse (Referenz)Mass (reference)
- 5_15_1
- Rechnereinheitcomputer unit
- 5_25_2
- Peripherieperiphery
- 21 _121 _1
- Bin to 1 of 8 DecoderAm to 1 of 8 decoders
- RM1 bis RM8RM1 to RM8
- Widerstandresistance
- D1 bis D8D1 to D8
- Diodediode
-
Ant1 bis Ant 8Ant1 to
Ant 8 - LF-SendeantennenLF transmission antennae
- Ans_0 bis Ant_03Ans_0 to Ant_03
- LF-SendeantennenLF transmission antennae
- C1_VK bis C3_VKC1_VK to C3_VK
- Kondensatorencapacitors
- C_Ant_01 bis C_Ant_03C_Ant_01 to C_Ant_03
- Kondensatorencapacitors
- U DCU DC
- Spannungtension
- CLKCLK
- ClockClock
-
COMP, COMP 1COMP,
COMP 1 - Eingangsportinput port
- QPWMQPWM
- Ausgangsportoutput port
Claims (10)
- Access control device for a motor vehicle, consisting of at least one transmitting unit (4) for the transmission of low-frequency long-wave signals and a plurality of associated LF antennas (13) that are arranged in exposed places in the vehicle, said transmitting unit (4) being arranged in the motor vehicle, wherein- the transmitting unit (4) has two coupled LC band-pass filters, wherein- the first band-pass filter, as a preliminary filter, consists of a first coil (L1) and a first capacitor group consisting of at least one capacitor (C1 VK, C2 VK, C3 VK,...), and- the second band-pass filter consists of the LF antenna (Lant), as an inductor, and a second capacitor group consisting of at least one capacitor (C2, C Ant 01, C Ant 02,...), and- the first band-pass filter has a coil (L1) common to all antennas and has a separate capacitor (C1 VK, C2 VK,...) for each antenna.
- Access control device according to claim 1, characterized in that a multiplexer (20) is provided via which the antennas (13) are connected to the transmitting unit (4) one after the other by means of the multiplex method, wherein the multiplexer (20) is arranged between the first band-pass filter and the second band-pass filter.
- Access control device according to claim 1, characterized in that the first band-pass filter has a coil (L1) common to all antennas and has a separate capacitor (C1 VK, C2 VK, C3 VK) for each antenna and that, by the switching (S2, S3) of the circuit node of the inactive antennas (Ant_02, Ant_03) to ground potential, the capacitors (C2 VK, C3 VK) of these inactive antennas are connected in a parallel alternating-voltage connection with the capacitor (C1 VK) of the active antenna (and_01) and thus this parallel connection of the capacitors (C1 VK, C2 VK, C3 VK) makes the first capacitor group.
- Access control device according to one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transmitting unit (4) operates at a carrier frequency of 125 kHz.
- Access control device according to one or several of the preceding claims, characterized in that the antenna current in the antennas (13) is controlled by means of a pulse-width modulation.
- Access control device for a motor vehicle, consisting of at least one transmitting unit (4) for the transmission of low-frequency long-wave signals and a plurality of associated LF antennas (13) that are arranged in exposed places in the vehicle, said transmitting unit (4) being arranged in the motor vehicle, wherein the transmitting unit (4) has two coupled LC band-pass filters, wherein- the first band-pass filter, as a preliminary filter, consists of a first coil (L1) and a first capacitor group consisting of at least one capacitor (C1 VK, C2 VK, C3 VK,...), and- the second band-pass filter consists of the LF antenna (Lant), as an inductor, and a second capacitor group consisting of at least one capacitor (C2, C Ant 01, C Ant 02,...), wherein the antenna current in the antennas (13) is controlled by means of a pulse-width modulation and a microcomputer unit (5) controls the pulse durations of the pulse-duration modulator (15) in dependence on the antenna current by increasing the pulse durations when the current is too low and decreasing the pulse durations when the antenna current exceeds a desired value.
- Access control device according to claim 6, characterized in that the microcomputer unit (5) changes the pulse durations incrementally.
- Access control device according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microcomputer unit (5) determines the antenna current by means of a band-pass filter.
- Access control device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the microcomputer unit (5) calculates the root mean square of the current in the LF transmitting antenna (13) according towherein PWM_nS is the value of the pulse duration in nsec,Linear_Fakt is the product of the square of the antenna current with the electrical resistance of the antenna,U_Batt is the supply voltage, andI_Ant_eff is the root mean square of the antenna current.
- Access control device according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the microcomputer unit (5) calculates the pulse durations of the pulse-width modulator (15) in nsec, if the desired root mean square of the antenna current is known, according towherein PWM_nS is the value of the pulse duration in nsec,Linear_Fakt is the product of the square of the antenna current with the electrical resistance of the antenna,U_Batt is the supply voltage, andI_Ant_eff is the root mean square of the antenna current.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005032379A DE102005032379A1 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2005-07-08 | Access control system for a motor vehicle |
PCT/DE2006/000865 WO2007006245A1 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2006-05-18 | Access control system for a motor vehiicle |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1902426A1 EP1902426A1 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
EP1902426B1 true EP1902426B1 (en) | 2010-12-01 |
Family
ID=36917283
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06753181A Expired - Fee Related EP1902426B1 (en) | 2005-07-08 | 2006-05-18 | Access control system for a motor vehicle |
Country Status (6)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20090261946A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1902426B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009500247A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101218608A (en) |
DE (3) | DE102005032379A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2007006245A1 (en) |
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EP1482932B1 (en) | 2002-03-13 | 2009-11-25 | Array Biopharma, Inc. | N3 alkylated benzimidazole derivatives as mek inhibitors |
FR2904493B1 (en) * | 2006-07-31 | 2009-09-18 | Valeo Securite Habitacle Sas | COMMUNICATION MODULE FOR MOTOR VEHICLE |
EP2189598B1 (en) * | 2008-11-18 | 2016-05-11 | Inventio AG | Access system for a building |
DE102009005221A1 (en) * | 2009-01-20 | 2010-07-22 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Arrangement for wireless signal transmission in e.g. motor vehicle, has receiving device comprising resonant circuit for receiving wirelessly transmitted signals with bandwidth at center frequency that is equal to another center frequency |
JP5526833B2 (en) * | 2010-02-05 | 2014-06-18 | ソニー株式会社 | Wireless power transmission device |
US8570147B2 (en) * | 2010-05-26 | 2013-10-29 | Lear Corporation | Debounce strategy for validating switch actuation |
DE102012104955B4 (en) | 2012-06-08 | 2022-02-17 | Kiwi.Ki Gmbh | Method for cryptographically secured proof of the presence of an identity token in the area of an identity sensor, and system for such a method |
EP2775132A1 (en) | 2013-03-07 | 2014-09-10 | Continental Automotive GmbH | Valve body and fluid injector |
DE102013220596A1 (en) | 2013-10-11 | 2015-04-16 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Driver circuit for an inductance, method for operating an inductance and active transmitting device with a driver circuit |
DE102014222603B3 (en) * | 2014-11-05 | 2015-12-24 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Driver circuit for an inductance and active transmitting device with a driver circuit |
DE102015205040A1 (en) * | 2015-03-19 | 2016-09-22 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Antenna driver circuit, in particular antenna multiplexer for a motor vehicle |
DE102016106385A1 (en) * | 2016-04-07 | 2017-10-12 | Huf Hülsbeck & Fürst Gmbh & Co. Kg | Vehicle door handle with control circuit |
DE102020103283A1 (en) | 2020-02-10 | 2021-08-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Transmission device for a motor vehicle for transmitting a radio signal, as well as a radio key system and a motor vehicle |
CN112509203A (en) * | 2020-11-12 | 2021-03-16 | 北京中铁建建筑科技有限公司 | Face identification floodgate machine entrance guard's device |
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WO2006060974A1 (en) * | 2004-12-04 | 2006-06-15 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Transmitting device for a plurality of parallel antenna that are independently fed via respective feed lines |
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2005
- 2005-07-08 DE DE102005032379A patent/DE102005032379A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-05-18 EP EP06753181A patent/EP1902426B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-05-18 CN CNA2006800250180A patent/CN101218608A/en active Pending
- 2006-05-18 DE DE502006008448T patent/DE502006008448D1/en active Active
- 2006-05-18 US US11/988,425 patent/US20090261946A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2006-05-18 JP JP2008521782A patent/JP2009500247A/en active Pending
- 2006-05-18 WO PCT/DE2006/000865 patent/WO2007006245A1/en active Application Filing
- 2006-05-18 DE DE112006000660T patent/DE112006000660A5/en not_active Withdrawn
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WO2006060974A1 (en) * | 2004-12-04 | 2006-06-15 | Conti Temic Microelectronic Gmbh | Transmitting device for a plurality of parallel antenna that are independently fed via respective feed lines |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE112006000660A5 (en) | 2007-12-27 |
DE502006008448D1 (en) | 2011-01-13 |
WO2007006245A1 (en) | 2007-01-18 |
CN101218608A (en) | 2008-07-09 |
EP1902426A1 (en) | 2008-03-26 |
US20090261946A1 (en) | 2009-10-22 |
JP2009500247A (en) | 2009-01-08 |
DE102005032379A1 (en) | 2007-01-11 |
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