EP1897847B1 - Charging device - Google Patents

Charging device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1897847B1
EP1897847B1 EP07115448A EP07115448A EP1897847B1 EP 1897847 B1 EP1897847 B1 EP 1897847B1 EP 07115448 A EP07115448 A EP 07115448A EP 07115448 A EP07115448 A EP 07115448A EP 1897847 B1 EP1897847 B1 EP 1897847B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hydraulic
loader
hydraulic cylinder
supply line
sensor
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP07115448A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1897847A2 (en
EP1897847A3 (en
Inventor
Marcus Bitter
Richard Tudor
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Deere and Co
Original Assignee
Deere and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Deere and Co filed Critical Deere and Co
Publication of EP1897847A2 publication Critical patent/EP1897847A2/en
Publication of EP1897847A3 publication Critical patent/EP1897847A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1897847B1 publication Critical patent/EP1897847B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/20Means for actuating or controlling masts, platforms, or forks
    • B66F9/22Hydraulic devices or systems
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66FHOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F17/00Safety devices, e.g. for limiting or indicating lifting force
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02FDREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F9/00Component parts of dredgers or soil-shifting machines, not restricted to one of the kinds covered by groups E02F3/00 - E02F7/00
    • E02F9/24Safety devices, e.g. for preventing overload
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B11/00Servomotor systems without provision for follow-up action; Circuits therefor
    • F15B11/003Systems with load-holding valves
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F15FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS; HYDRAULICS OR PNEUMATICS IN GENERAL
    • F15BSYSTEMS ACTING BY MEANS OF FLUIDS IN GENERAL; FLUID-PRESSURE ACTUATORS, e.g. SERVOMOTORS; DETAILS OF FLUID-PRESSURE SYSTEMS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F15B2211/00Circuits for servomotor systems
    • F15B2211/50Pressure control
    • F15B2211/505Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50509Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means
    • F15B2211/50545Pressure control characterised by the type of pressure control means the pressure control means controlling a pressure upstream of the pressure control means using braking valves to maintain a back pressure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a charger with a hydraulically actuatable boom, a sensor for monitoring the load condition on the charger and a hydraulic arrangement for actuating the boom and / or a tool mounted on the boom, wherein the hydraulic arrangement comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder with a rod-side and a piston-side supply line , at least one mechanically switchable control unit for controlling the at least one hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic source, a hydraulic tank and an electronic control unit, wherein between the control unit and the hydraulic cylinder volume flow limiting means are provided, which in response to a sensor signal supplied by the sensor, a volume flow in at least one of the rod-side or piston-side supply lines of the hydraulic cylinder can be limited.
  • the WO 2004/007339 A1 discloses such a system.
  • a tilting moment acting on the vehicle is detected by sensors and fed to an electronic control.
  • several hydraulic cylinders for lifting, lowering and telescoping a telescopic boom and an electro-hydraulic control of the hydraulic cylinder are provided.
  • the system provides that, when approaching a predetermined threshold for the stalling torque, the hydraulic functions to operate the hydraulic cylinders are slowed down before the complete stoppage of the hydraulic cylinders occurs.
  • the load signal is further processed electronically and the operating possibilities are reduced by the operator or the actuation is prevented.
  • the more mature the technique is, for. B. by electronic control units, the easier is the intervention by the electronics.
  • valve spools of the control unit are controlled by hoists or levers
  • WO 2004/007339 A1 disclosed doctrine not applicable, since not controlled in such a simple manner in the mechanically performed by the operator functions can be intervened as a suitable electronics is missing.
  • the EP 0 580 007 A discloses a controller for pivoting one with a lifting device Horizontal axis erectable and adjustable in its effective length boom. Sensors are provided which on the one hand generate a force signal acting on the lifting device and, on the other hand, generate an angle signal taking into account the effective lever on the boom, wherein the signals are fed to an electronic control for determining a load moment of the boom about the horizontal axis. It should be prevented that a permissible load torque is exceeded.
  • the proposed control is intended to prevent overturning of a scaffold intended for the boom, chassis or the like, it being assumed that a substantially stationary operation of the boom, even if the application is proposed here on chassis.
  • the application of the control disclosed here for vehicles seems unsuitable, since in particular dynamic aspects of a mobile frame or chassis are not taken into account.
  • the object underlying the invention is seen to provide a charger of the type mentioned, by which the aforementioned disadvantages are overcome.
  • a charger of the type mentioned above is formed such that the sensor is designed and arranged such that a critical load condition on the charger is detectable and that the sensor is arranged on a vehicle axle of the charger.
  • the sensor is therefore arranged on an axis of the vehicle and signals at correspondingly high, one-sided load a critical state of charge.
  • strain gauges or force sensors can be used. It is also conceivable to position the sensor at another suitable location and, for example, to define the inclination of a vehicle frame relative to the vehicle axle as a critical state of charge state.
  • volume flow varying means the operability of the controlled via a mechanically controlled control unit hydraulic cylinder is influenced such that a volume flow of the hydraulic fluid flowing into one of the two chambers of the hydraulic cylinder is limited or reduced, so that the speed at which a certain amount of Hydraulic fluid flows into one of the chambers flows limited or reduced and ultimately thereby the movement of the hydraulic cylinder and the piston is slowed down.
  • the volume flow of the hydraulic fluid flowing into the chamber of the hydraulic cylinder is thereby reduced more strongly, the closer one approaches a critical value for the load state, which is predetermined by the electronic control unit.
  • the functions of the hydraulic cylinder are first slowed down and then finally completely prevented.
  • the volume flow limiting means comprise at least one controllable by the electronic control unit electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve and are arranged in a connecting line extending between the rod-side and piston-side supply line.
  • the electrohydraulic pressure relief valve can be increasingly opened depending on the load signal or overload signal supplied by the sensor. The further you go that is, the preset threshold approaches, the greater the risk that the vehicle tilts, and the lower the pressure relief valves are set or the more the relief valves are opened.
  • more and more volume of hydraulic fluid can flow away from one connecting line into the other connecting line. Due to the resulting decreasing volume flow for the affected, connected to the rod-side or piston-side supply line chamber, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is moved less quickly or is slowing down to a standstill.
  • a check valve is provided in the connection line, so that the hydraulic fluid can flow only in one direction through the pressure relief valve from the rod-side supply line into the piston-side supply line, or vice versa.
  • a check valve is already integrated in the pressure relief valve.
  • the hydraulic cylinder can be operated in the opposite direction of movement as usual.
  • a plurality of hydraulic cylinders are arranged in the hydraulic arrangement and thus a plurality of control devices for controlling the hydraulic cylinders can be used.
  • a plurality of electro-hydraulic pressure relief valves can be used correspondingly, which are adjusted by the electronic control unit in response to the sensor signal.
  • the volume flow limiting means also comprise at least one controllable by the electronic control unit electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve, but they are arranged in a branching from the rod side or piston side supply line to the hydraulic tank discharge line.
  • the branched off via the pressure relief valve from the rod side or piston-side supply line hydraulic fluid is fed directly into the hydraulic tank and not in the piston-side or rod-side supply line.
  • the pressure acting in the previous exemplary embodiment connecting line
  • a pressure relief valve which is arranged in a directly leading into the hydraulic tank drain line, this is not the case.
  • the charger is preferably designed as a telescopic loader, wherein the boom via a first hydraulic cylinder in its angle and a second hydraulic cylinder in its length is variable and wherein a third hydraulic cylinder may be provided with which a tool arranged on the boom is pivotable.
  • a third hydraulic cylinder may be provided with which a tool arranged on the boom is pivotable.
  • the charger comprises a front loader, wherein the boom is designed as a rocker of a front loader, which is variable in its angle of attack via a first or a first and a second hydraulic cylinder.
  • a third hydraulic cylinder may be provided, with which a tool provided on the boom, for example a loading shovel or a loading fork, can be pivoted.
  • FIG. 1 a charger 10 is shown in the form of a telescopic loader.
  • the telescopic loader has a frame 12, on which a boom 14 is articulated.
  • the frame is supported by a front axle 16 and a rear axle 18 with respective front and rear wheels 20, 22.
  • the boom 14 is formed as a telescopic boom and is articulated via a hydraulic cylinder 24 in its angle relative to the frame 12 adjustable.
  • a second hydraulic cylinder is arranged inside the boom 14 (not shown) and allows the extension and retraction (telescoping) of the boom.
  • a third hydraulic cylinder is disposed at the free end of the boom 14 in the interior and allows the pivoting or tilting of a loading tool 26th
  • the charger 10 has a hydraulic source 28 and a hydraulic tank 30, which are arranged below the vehicle body and serve to supply the hydraulic components.
  • the hydraulic components are essentially in FIG. 2 shown.
  • the hydraulic arrangement 36 comprises the hydraulic cylinder 24, and optionally the hydraulic cylinder (not shown) for telescoping the boom and tilting the loading tool.
  • the hydraulic cylinder 24 is connected via a first and second hydraulic supply line 38, 40 with a mechanically controllable control unit 42, via which the connection of the supply lines 38, 40 with the hydraulic pump 28 and the hydraulic tank 30 can be produced.
  • the control unit 42 is mechanically connected to the operating device 34, for example via building trains, so that a displacement of the control device 42 or of the valve slide of the control unit 42 can take place by adjusting the operating device 34.
  • a load-holding valve 44 is arranged in the hub Leten chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 24 associated supply line 40.
  • the load holding valve comprises a pressure relief valve 46 which can be opened in the direction of the control unit 42, which is arranged in the supply line 40 and can be opened via control pressure lines 48, 50, which are connected to both supply lines 38, 40, and in the direction of the hydraulic cylinder, arranged in a bypass line 24 opens check valve 52.
  • the load-holding valve 44 serves to ensure that in the event of a pipe break on the lift side of the hydraulic cylinder 24, no hydraulic fluid can escape and the hydraulic cylinder 24 maintains its position.
  • the control unit 42 comprises three slide positions, one for lifting, one for lowering and another for holding the hydraulic cylinder.
  • the control unit 42 is formed as a mechanically switchable or mechanically controllable proportional valve and can be mechanically controlled or adjusted via an actuating device 54, wherein the actuating device 54 is mechanically coupled to the operating device 34.
  • the mechanically actuatable control device 42 establishes a connection or disconnection of the hydraulic pump 28 with the supply lines 38, 40.
  • an operating lever located on the operating device 34 is pushed forward, whereby the operation of the control unit 42 takes place and this is shifted to its lifting position and the hydraulic cylinder 24 is filled with hydraulic fluid on the stroke side, that is extended.
  • a corresponding opposite actuation of the actuating lever would cause a displacement of the control unit 42 in the lowering position, whereupon the hydraulic cylinder 24 would be drained.
  • a connecting line 56 is provided, which extends between the two supply lines 38, 40.
  • a check valve 58 closing in the direction of the rod-side supply line 38 is arranged, which prevents hydraulic fluid from flowing from the piston-side supply line 40 into the rod-side supply line 38.
  • an electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve 62 is arranged in the connecting line 56.
  • the pressure relief valve 62 is arranged such that hydraulic fluid can flow out of the rod-side supply line 38 in the direction of the piston-side supply line 40.
  • the electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve 62 is connected to an electronic control unit 64.
  • the overpressure valve 62 opens hydraulic fluid into the piston-side supply line and into the piston Hydraulic tank 30 drains, resulting in that the adjustment speed of the hydraulic cylinder 24 is reduced, since the volume flow of the located in the rod-side supply line hydraulic fluid is reduced. That is, the amount of hydraulic fluid flowing into the rod-side chamber of the hydraulic cylinder decreases and thus the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 24, in this case the lowering of the hydraulic cylinder 24, is slowed down.
  • the arrangement of the check valve 58 and the electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve 62 can be made opposite, so that hydraulic fluid from the piston-side supply line 40 can flow into the rod-side supply line 38. In this case, then the lifting of the hydraulic cylinder 24 would be slowed down.
  • the control of the pressure relief valve 62 is performed by the electronic control unit 64, which in turn receives control signals from a load sensor 66. Depending on the load condition, the sensor 66 signals a more or less critical load condition. If one approaches the critical load state, the control signal emitted by the electronic control unit 64 also amplifies to adjust the overpressure valve 62, which is then opened further, so that the outflowing volume flow increases.
  • the adjustment or the gain of the control signal is preferably proportional to the signal supplied by the sensor.
  • the sensor is preferably arranged on the rear axle 18 of the charger 10.
  • the sensor 66 is designed as a strain gauge and registers or detects the deflection of the rear axle 18. From the signal values for the deflection can then be closed to the loading or unloading of the rear axle 18. If the load on the rear axle 18 decreases progressively, this may indicate a critical load condition, namely at the latest when no load on the rear axle 18 is detected or signaled. In this case, the charger 10 begins to tip over. The same is also conceivable for the front axle 16.
  • FIG. 3 an alternative embodiment for a hydraulic arrangement 56 'is shown in which instead of the connecting line 56 from FIG. 2 a drain line 56 'is arranged, in which the electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve 62 is arranged.
  • the drain line 56 ' branches off from the rod-side supply line 38 and leads into the hydraulic tank 30.
  • hydraulic fluid can flow directly into the hydraulic tank 30.
  • the control of the pressure relief valve is analogous to that in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment.
  • hydraulic assembly 36 ' is not provided a check valve 58, since no connection of the piston-side supply line 40 to the drain line 56' is made.
  • Analogous to the in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment is shown in FIG.
  • control pressure line 56 with the lifting position of the control unit 42 and thus the lifting of the hydraulic cylinder 24 can be controlled, provided with an electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve 62 and connected.
  • the piston-side supply line 40 would be connected to a corresponding discharge line 56 'with electro-hydraulic overpressure valve 62.
  • FIG. 4 shows as a further embodiment, a charger 10 in the form of a tractor 68 with front loader 70, wherein the same reference numerals apply to the same components of the charger 10, such as frame 12, front axle 16, rear axle 16, wheels 20, 22, loading tool 26 and cabin 32.
  • the rockers 70 the two sides of the tractor 68th are arranged, a boom, by its operation in certain situations and overloads critical load conditions of the charger 10 can be caused.
  • the arranged to operate the rocker arms 70 hydraulic cylinder 74 and arranged to operate the loader tool 26 hydraulic cylinder 76 are analogous to those in the Figures 2 and 3 operated hydraulic arrangements 36, 36 'operated.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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  • Transportation (AREA)
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  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • Component Parts Of Construction Machinery (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Ladegerät mit einem hydraulisch betätigbaren Ausleger, einem Sensor zur Überwachung des Lastzustands am Ladegerät und einer hydraulischen Anordnung zum Betätigen des Auslegers und/oder eines am Ausleger befestigten Werkzeugs, wobei die hydraulische Anordnung wenigstens einen Hydraulikzylinder mit einer stangenseitigen und einer kolbenseitigen Versorgungsleitung, wenigstens ein mechanisch schaltbares Steuergerät zur Steuerung des wenigstens einen Hydraulikzylinders, eine Hydraulikquelle, einen Hydrauliktank und eine elektronische Steuereinheit aufweist, wobei zwischen dem Steuergerät und dem Hydraulikzylinder Volumenstrom begrenzende Mittel vorgesehen sind, mit denen in Abhängigkeit von einem von dem Sensor gelieferten Sensorsignal ein Volumenstrom in wenigstens einer der stangenseitigen oder kolbenseitigen Versorgungsleitungen des Hydraulikzylinders begrenzbar ist.The invention relates to a charger with a hydraulically actuatable boom, a sensor for monitoring the load condition on the charger and a hydraulic arrangement for actuating the boom and / or a tool mounted on the boom, wherein the hydraulic arrangement comprises at least one hydraulic cylinder with a rod-side and a piston-side supply line , at least one mechanically switchable control unit for controlling the at least one hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic source, a hydraulic tank and an electronic control unit, wherein between the control unit and the hydraulic cylinder volume flow limiting means are provided, which in response to a sensor signal supplied by the sensor, a volume flow in at least one of the rod-side or piston-side supply lines of the hydraulic cylinder can be limited.

Im Bereich von Ladegeräten, wie Laderfahrzeuge oder Teleskoplader und dergleichen, sind Systeme bekannt, die das Fahrzeug davor schützen, in einen unsicheren Ladezustand zu kommen. Unsichere Ladezustände stellen sich beispielsweise dann ein, wenn das Fahrzeug aufgrund einer Schwerpunktverlagerung nach vorne über die Vorderachse hinweg umkippt. Bei diesen Systemen werden die hydraulischen Funktionen abgebremst und angehalten, sobald ein Sensor feststellt, dass das Fahrzeug zu kippen droht. Nachdem die hydraulischen Aktuatoren gestoppt worden sind, können nur noch die Funktionen betätigt werden, welche das Fahrzeug zurück in einen sicheren Zustand bringen, wie z. B. Ausleger anheben, Werkzeug bzw. Last einkippen und Ausleger einfahren.In the field of chargers, such as loaders or telescopic loaders and the like, systems are known which protect the vehicle from getting into an insecure state of charge. Uncertain states of charge occur, for example, when the vehicle overturns due to a shift of emphasis forward over the front axle away. In these systems, the hydraulic functions are slowed down and stopped as soon as a sensor detects that the vehicle is about to tip over. After the hydraulic actuators have been stopped, only the functions can be operated, which bring the vehicle back to a safe state, such. B. raise boom, tilt tool or load and retract boom.

Bei derartigen Systemen ist es sinnvoll, die Bewegungen eines Auslegers nicht abrupt zu unterbinden, da dies aufgrund der Massenträgheit der Last und des Auslegers trotzdem zu einem Umkippen des Fahrzeugs führen kann. Es ist sinnvoll, die Funktionen mit zunehmender Annäherung an einen kritischen Betriebszustand bzw. Lastzustand zunehmend zu verlangsamen.In such systems, it makes sense, the movements of a Jib abruptly to prevent, as this may still lead to a tipping over of the vehicle due to the inertia of the load and the boom. It makes sense to increasingly slow down the functions as they approach a critical operating state or load state.

Die WO 2004/007339 A1 offenbart ein derartiges System. Hierbei wird ein am Fahrzeug wirkendes Kippmoment sensorisch erfasst und einer elektronischen Steuerung zugeführt. Ferner sind mehrere Hydraulkzylinder zum Heben, Senken und Teleskopieren eines Teleskopauslegers sowie eine elektrohydraulische Ansteuerung der Hydraulikzylinder vorgesehen. Das System sieht vor, dass, wenn sich einem vorgegebenen Schwellwert für das Kippmoment genähert wird, die hydraulischen Funktionen zum Betreiben der Hydraulikzylinder verlangsamt werden, bevor der vollständige Stillstand der Hydraulikzylinder eintritt. Hierbei wird beispielsweise das Lastsignal elektronisch weiterverarbeitet und die Betätigungsmöglichkeiten durch den Bediener verringert bzw. die Betätigung unterbunden. Je ausgereifter die Technik ist, z. B. durch elektronische Steuereinheiten, desto einfacher ist der Eingriff durch die Elektronik.The WO 2004/007339 A1 discloses such a system. Here, a tilting moment acting on the vehicle is detected by sensors and fed to an electronic control. Furthermore, several hydraulic cylinders for lifting, lowering and telescoping a telescopic boom and an electro-hydraulic control of the hydraulic cylinder are provided. The system provides that, when approaching a predetermined threshold for the stalling torque, the hydraulic functions to operate the hydraulic cylinders are slowed down before the complete stoppage of the hydraulic cylinders occurs. In this case, for example, the load signal is further processed electronically and the operating possibilities are reduced by the operator or the actuation is prevented. The more mature the technique is, for. B. by electronic control units, the easier is the intervention by the electronics.

Für Systeme mit mechanisch gesteuerten Steuergeräten, bei denen die Ventilschieber des Steuergeräts über Bautenzüge oder Hebel angesteuert werden ist die in der WO 2004/007339 A1 offenbarte Lehre nicht anwendbar, da nicht auf derart einfache Weise kontrolliert in die durch den Bediener mechanisch ausgeführten Funktionen eingegriffen werden kann, da eine geeignete Elektronik fehlt.For systems with mechanically controlled control devices, in which the valve spools of the control unit are controlled by hoists or levers is in the WO 2004/007339 A1 disclosed doctrine not applicable, since not controlled in such a simple manner in the mechanically performed by the operator functions can be intervened as a suitable electronics is missing.

Die EP 0 580 007 A offenbart eine Steuerung für das Verschwenken eines mit einer Hubvorrichtung um eine horizontale Achse aufrichtbaren und in seiner effektiven Länge veränderlichen Auslegers. Es sind Sensoren vorgesehen, welche zum einen ein auf die Hubvorrichtung wirkendes Kraftsignal und zum anderen ein den Wirkhebel am Ausleger berücksichtigendes Winkelsignal generieren, wobei die Signale einer elektronischen Steuerung zur Ermittlung eines Lastmoment des Auslegers um die horizontale Achse zugeführt werden. Es soll verhindert werden, dass ein zulässiges Lastmoment überschritten wird. Die vorgeschlagene Steuerung soll ein Umkippen eines für den Ausleger vorgesehenen Gerüsts, Fahrgestelle oder dergleichen verhindern, wobei von einem im wesentlichen ortsfesten Betrieb des Auslegers ausgegangen wird, auch wenn hier die Anwendung auf Fahrgestelle vorgeschlagen wird. Die Applikation der hier offenbarten Steuerung für Fahrzeuge scheint ungeeignet, da insbesondere dynamische Aspekte eines fahrbaren Gestells bzw. Fahrgestells nicht berücksichtigt werden.The EP 0 580 007 A discloses a controller for pivoting one with a lifting device Horizontal axis erectable and adjustable in its effective length boom. Sensors are provided which on the one hand generate a force signal acting on the lifting device and, on the other hand, generate an angle signal taking into account the effective lever on the boom, wherein the signals are fed to an electronic control for determining a load moment of the boom about the horizontal axis. It should be prevented that a permissible load torque is exceeded. The proposed control is intended to prevent overturning of a scaffold intended for the boom, chassis or the like, it being assumed that a substantially stationary operation of the boom, even if the application is proposed here on chassis. The application of the control disclosed here for vehicles seems unsuitable, since in particular dynamic aspects of a mobile frame or chassis are not taken into account.

Die der Erfindung zugrunde liegende Aufgabe wird darin gesehen, ein Ladegerät der eingangs genannten Art anzugeben, durch welches die vorgenannten Nachteile überwunden werden.The object underlying the invention is seen to provide a charger of the type mentioned, by which the aforementioned disadvantages are overcome.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Lehre des Patentanspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung gehen aus den Unteransprüchen hervor.The object is achieved by the teaching of claim 1. Further advantageous embodiments and modifications of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims.

Erfindungsgemäß wird ein Ladegerät der eingangs genannten Art derart ausgebildet, dass der Sensor derart ausgebildet und angeordnet ist, dass ein kritischer Lastzustand am Ladegerät detektierbar ist und dass der Sensor an einer Fahrzeugachse des Ladegeräts angeordnet ist. Der Sensor ist demnach an einer Achse des Fahrzeugs angeordnet und signalisiert bei entsprechend hoher, einseitiger Last einen kritischen Ladezustand. Dabei können beispielsweise Dehnungsmessstreifen oder Kraftsensoren zum Einsatz kommen. Es ist auch denkbar den Sensor an einer anderen geeigneten Stelle zu positionieren und beispielsweise die Neigung eines Fahrzeugrahmens gegenüber der Fahrzeugachse als kritische Ladezustandsgröße zu definieren. Über die den Volumenstrom variierenden Mittel wird die Bedienbarkeit des über ein mechanisch gesteuertes Steuergerät angesteuerten Hydraulikzylinders derart beeinflusst, dass ein Volumenstrom der in eine der beiden Kammern des Hydraulikzylinders fließenden Hydraulikflüssigkeit begrenzt bzw. reduziert wird, so dass die Geschwindigkeit, mit der eine bestimmte Menge an Hydraulikflüssigkeit in eine der Kammern fließt begrenzt bzw. reduziert wird und letztendlich dadurch die Bewegung des Hydraulikzylinders bzw. des Kolbens verlangsamt wird. Der Volumenstrom der in die Kammer des Hydraulikzylinders fließenden Hydraulikflüssigkeit wird dabei stärker reduziert, je näher man sich einem kritischen Wert für den Lastzustand nähert, welcher der elektronischen Steuereinheit vorgegeben ist. Um zu verhindern, dass eine Bedienperson das Fahrzeug in einen unsicheren Zustand bringen kann, was letztendlich das Umkippen des Fahrzeuges bedeuten könnte, werden somit die Funktionen des Hydraulikzylinders erst verlangsamt und dann schließlich vollständig unterbunden.According to the invention, a charger of the type mentioned above is formed such that the sensor is designed and arranged such that a critical load condition on the charger is detectable and that the sensor is arranged on a vehicle axle of the charger. The sensor is therefore arranged on an axis of the vehicle and signals at correspondingly high, one-sided load a critical state of charge. In this case, for example, strain gauges or force sensors can be used. It is also conceivable to position the sensor at another suitable location and, for example, to define the inclination of a vehicle frame relative to the vehicle axle as a critical state of charge state. About the volume flow varying means the operability of the controlled via a mechanically controlled control unit hydraulic cylinder is influenced such that a volume flow of the hydraulic fluid flowing into one of the two chambers of the hydraulic cylinder is limited or reduced, so that the speed at which a certain amount of Hydraulic fluid flows into one of the chambers flows limited or reduced and ultimately thereby the movement of the hydraulic cylinder and the piston is slowed down. The volume flow of the hydraulic fluid flowing into the chamber of the hydraulic cylinder is thereby reduced more strongly, the closer one approaches a critical value for the load state, which is predetermined by the electronic control unit. In order to prevent an operator from being able to bring the vehicle into an unsafe condition, which could ultimately result in the vehicle tipping over, the functions of the hydraulic cylinder are first slowed down and then finally completely prevented.

Vorzugsweise umfassen die den Volumenstrom begrenzenden Mittel wenigstens ein von der elektronischen Steuereinheit ansteuerbares elektrohydraulisches Überdruckventil und sind in einer sich zwischen der stangenseitigen und kolbenseitigen Versorgungsleitung erstreckenden Verbindungsleitung angeordnet. Das elektrohydraulische Überdruckventil kann in Abhängigkeit von dem vom Sensor gelieferten Lastsignal bzw. Überlastsignal zunehmend geöffnet werden. Je weiter man sich also dem voreingestellten Schwellwert nähert, umso größer ist die Gefahr, dass das Fahrzeug umkippt, und desto geringer werden die Überdruckventile eingestellt bzw. umso mehr werden die Überdruckventile geöffnet. Somit kann bei steigendem Sensorsignal immer mehr Volumen an Hydraulikflüssigkeit von der einen Verbindungsleitung in die andere Verbindungsleitung abfließen. Aufgrund des daraus resultierenden geringer werdenden Volumenstroms für die betroffene, mit der stangenseitigen oder kolbenseitigen Versorgungsleitung verbundenen, Kammer, wird der Kolben des Hydraulikzylinders weniger schnell bewegt bzw. wird bis zum Stillstand immer langsamer.Preferably, the volume flow limiting means comprise at least one controllable by the electronic control unit electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve and are arranged in a connecting line extending between the rod-side and piston-side supply line. The electrohydraulic pressure relief valve can be increasingly opened depending on the load signal or overload signal supplied by the sensor. The further you go that is, the preset threshold approaches, the greater the risk that the vehicle tilts, and the lower the pressure relief valves are set or the more the relief valves are opened. Thus, with increasing sensor signal, more and more volume of hydraulic fluid can flow away from one connecting line into the other connecting line. Due to the resulting decreasing volume flow for the affected, connected to the rod-side or piston-side supply line chamber, the piston of the hydraulic cylinder is moved less quickly or is slowing down to a standstill.

Vorzugsweise ist in der Verbindungsleitung ein Rückschlagventil vorgesehen, so dass die Hydraulikflüssigkeit nur in eine Richtung durch das Überdruckventil von der stangenseitigen Versorgungsleitung in die kolbenseitige Versorgungsleitung, oder umgekehrt, fließen kann. Es ist jedoch auch denkbar, dass ein derartiges Rückschlagventil bereits im Überdruckventil integriert ist. In jedem Fall kann dadurch der Hydraulikzylinder in der entgegengesetzten Bewegungsrichtung wie gewohnt betätigt werden. Es ist natürlich denkbar, dass mehrere Hydraulikzylinder in der hydraulischen Anordnung angeordnet sind und somit mehrere Steuergeräte zur Steuerung der Hydraulikzylinder eingesetzt werden können. Für den Fall, dass mehrere Steuergeräte bzw. mehrere Hydraulikzylinder zum Einsatz kommen, können entsprechend mehrere elektrohydraulische Überdruckventile eingesetzt werden, die von der elektronischen Steuereinheit in Abhängigkeit des Sensorsignals verstellt werden.Preferably, a check valve is provided in the connection line, so that the hydraulic fluid can flow only in one direction through the pressure relief valve from the rod-side supply line into the piston-side supply line, or vice versa. However, it is also conceivable that such a check valve is already integrated in the pressure relief valve. In any case, thereby the hydraulic cylinder can be operated in the opposite direction of movement as usual. It is of course conceivable that a plurality of hydraulic cylinders are arranged in the hydraulic arrangement and thus a plurality of control devices for controlling the hydraulic cylinders can be used. In the event that several control devices or a plurality of hydraulic cylinders are used, a plurality of electro-hydraulic pressure relief valves can be used correspondingly, which are adjusted by the electronic control unit in response to the sensor signal.

Es ist somit möglich, die Auslegerbewegungen so zu begrenzen, dass das Fahrzeug nicht in einen gefährlichen Betriebszustand geraten kann, wobei der Bediener neben den ohnehin in der Kabine des Ladegeräts auftretenden Warnsignalen zusätzlich feststellen wird, dass trotz seiner Verstellvorgabe der Ausleger bis zum Stillstand immer langsamer wird.It is thus possible to limit the boom movements so that the vehicle is not in a dangerous operating condition may be advised, the operator will also notice in addition to the already occurring in the cabin of the charger warning signals that despite its adjustment of the boom is slower to a stop.

In einer anderen Ausführungsform umfassen die Volumenstrom begrenzenden Mittel ebenfalls wenigstens ein von der elektronischen Steuereinheit ansteuerbares elektrohydraulisches Überdruckventil, sie sind jedoch in einer von der stangenseitigen oder kolbenseitigen Versorgungsleitung zum Hydrauliktank abzweigenden Abflussleitung angeordnet. Auf diese Weise wird die über das Überdruckventil aus der stangenseitigen oder kolbenseitigen Versorgungsleitung abgezweigte Hydraulikflüssigkeit direkt in den Hydrauliktank und nicht in die kolbenseitige bzw. stangenseitige Versorgungsleitung geführt. Dadurch können auch kleinere Grenzdruckwerte eingestellt werden, da der im vorherigen Ausführungsbeispiel (Verbindungsleitung) wirkende Druck in der entsprechend anderen Versorgungsleitung dem eigentlichen Öffnungsdruck entgegenwirkt, was sich auf die Empfindlichkeit bzw. auf das Ansprechverhalten des Überdruckventils nachteilig auswirkt. Bei einem Überdruckventil, welches in einer direkt in den Hydrauliktank führenden Abflussleitung angeordnet ist, ist dies nicht der Fall.In another embodiment, the volume flow limiting means also comprise at least one controllable by the electronic control unit electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve, but they are arranged in a branching from the rod side or piston side supply line to the hydraulic tank discharge line. In this way, the branched off via the pressure relief valve from the rod side or piston-side supply line hydraulic fluid is fed directly into the hydraulic tank and not in the piston-side or rod-side supply line. As a result, even smaller limit pressure values can be set, since the pressure acting in the previous exemplary embodiment (connecting line) counteracts the actual opening pressure in the correspondingly different supply line, which has a disadvantageous effect on the sensitivity or on the response of the pressure relief valve. In a pressure relief valve, which is arranged in a directly leading into the hydraulic tank drain line, this is not the case.

Das Ladegerät ist vorzugsweise als Teleskoplader ausgebildet, wobei der Ausleger über einen ersten Hydraulikzylinder in seinem Anstellwinkel und über einen zweiten Hydraulikzylinder in seiner Länge variierbar ist und wobei ein dritter Hydraulikzylinder vorgesehen sein kann, mit dem ein am Ausleger angeordneten Werkzeug verschwenkbar ist. So kann beispielsweise auch das Einkippen einer mit Ladegut gefüllten Ladeschaufel einen kritischen Ladezustand abschwächen, ohne dass der Ausleger bewegt wird. In jedem Fall sorgen die in den Steuerdruckleitungen der Steuergeräte angeordneten Überdruckventile für eine langsame Umsetzung der von der Bedienperson vorgegebenen Bewegungen, so dass keine störenden Trägheitsmasseneffekte des Ladeguts oder des Auslegers auftreten, die dann in der Nähe des Schwellwertbereichs ein Umkippen des Ladegeräts auslösen können.The charger is preferably designed as a telescopic loader, wherein the boom via a first hydraulic cylinder in its angle and a second hydraulic cylinder in its length is variable and wherein a third hydraulic cylinder may be provided with which a tool arranged on the boom is pivotable. Thus, for example, the tipping of a loading bucket filled with load can weaken a critical state of charge, without that the boom is moved. In any case, arranged in the control pressure lines of the control valves overpressure valves provide for a slow implementation of the operator specified movements, so that no disturbing inertial mass effects of the load or the boom occur, which can then trigger a tipping over of the charger in the vicinity of the threshold range.

In einer anderen Ausführungsform umfasst das Ladegerät einen Frontlader, wobei der Ausleger als Schwinge eines Frontladers ausgebildet ist, die über einen ersten oder einen ersten und zweiten Hydraulikzylinder in ihrem Anstellwinkel variierbar ist. Ein dritter Hydraulikzylinder kann vorgesehen sein, mit dem ein am Ausleger vorgesehenes Werkzeug, beispielsweise eine Ladeschaufel oder eine Ladegabel verschwenkbar ist.In another embodiment, the charger comprises a front loader, wherein the boom is designed as a rocker of a front loader, which is variable in its angle of attack via a first or a first and a second hydraulic cylinder. A third hydraulic cylinder may be provided, with which a tool provided on the boom, for example a loading shovel or a loading fork, can be pivoted.

Sowohl für den Teleskoplader als auch für das mit dem Frontlader ausgestattete Ladegerät sind selbstverständlich auch alle anderen üblichen Ladewerkzeuge einsetzbar, wie beispielsweise Kübel, Ballenzange etc.Of course, all other conventional charging tools can also be used for the telescopic loader as well as for the charger equipped with the front loader, such as bucket, bale puller, etc.

Anhand der Zeichnung, die Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung zeigt, werden nachfolgend die Erfindung sowie weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen und Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung näher beschrieben und erläutert.Reference to the drawing, which shows embodiments of the invention, the invention and further advantages and advantageous developments and refinements of the invention are described and explained in more detail below.

Es zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine schematische Seitenansicht eines als Teleskoplader ausgebildeten Ladegeräts mit einer hydraulischen Anordnung gemäß der Figur 2 oder 3,
Fig. 2
einen schematischen Schaltplan einer hydraulischen Anordnung,
Fig. 2
einen schematischen Schaltplan einer alternativen hydraulischen Anordnung und
Fig. 3
eine schematische Seitenansicht eines einen Frontlader aufweisenden Ladegeräts mit einer hydraulischen Anordnung gemäß der Figur 2 oder 3.
It shows:
Fig. 1
a schematic side view of a charger designed as a telescopic loader with a hydraulic arrangement according to the FIG. 2 or 3 .
Fig. 2
a schematic circuit diagram of a hydraulic arrangement,
Fig. 2
a schematic circuit diagram of an alternative hydraulic arrangement and
Fig. 3
a schematic side view of a front loader having charger with a hydraulic arrangement according to the FIG. 2 or 3 ,

In Figur 1 ist ein Ladegerät 10 in Form eines Teleskopladers dargestellt. Der Teleskoplader weist einen Rahmen 12, an dem ein Ausleger 14 angelenkt ist. Der Rahmen wird von einer Vorderachse 16 und von einer Hinterachse 18 mit entsprechenden Vorder- und Hinterrädern 20, 22 getragen.In FIG. 1 a charger 10 is shown in the form of a telescopic loader. The telescopic loader has a frame 12, on which a boom 14 is articulated. The frame is supported by a front axle 16 and a rear axle 18 with respective front and rear wheels 20, 22.

Der Ausleger 14 ist als Teleskopausleger ausgebildet und ist über einen Hydraulikzylinder 24 in seinem Anstellwinkel gegenüber dem Rahmen 12 verstellbar angelenkt. Ein zweiter Hydraulikzylinder ist im Inneren des Auslegers 14 angeordnet (nicht gezeigt) und ermöglicht das Ein- bzw. Ausfahren (Teleskopieren) des Auslegers. Ein dritter Hydraulikzylinder ist am freien Ende des Auslegers 14 im Inneren angeordnet und ermöglicht das Verschwenken bzw. Kippen eines Ladewerkzeugs 26.The boom 14 is formed as a telescopic boom and is articulated via a hydraulic cylinder 24 in its angle relative to the frame 12 adjustable. A second hydraulic cylinder is arranged inside the boom 14 (not shown) and allows the extension and retraction (telescoping) of the boom. A third hydraulic cylinder is disposed at the free end of the boom 14 in the interior and allows the pivoting or tilting of a loading tool 26th

Das Ladegerät 10 verfügt über eine Hydraulikquelle 28 sowie über einen Hydrauliktank 30, die unterhalb der Fahrzeugkarosserie angeordnet sind und zur Versorgung der hydraulischen Komponenten dienen.The charger 10 has a hydraulic source 28 and a hydraulic tank 30, which are arranged below the vehicle body and serve to supply the hydraulic components.

Eine in einer Kabine 32 angeordnete mechanische Bedieneinrichtung 34, dient zur Ansteuerung der hydraulischen Komponenten. Die hydraulischen Komponenten sind im Wesentlichen in Figur 2 dargestellt.A arranged in a cabin 32 mechanical control device 34, serves to control the hydraulic components. The hydraulic components are essentially in FIG. 2 shown.

In Figur 2 ist eine für das Ladegerät 10 vorgesehene hydraulische Anordnung 36 dargestellt. Die hydraulische Anordnung 36 umfasst den Hydraulikzylinder 24, sowie gegebenenfalls den zum Teleskopieren des Auslegers und Kippen des Ladewerkzeugs angeordneten Hydraulikzylinder (nicht gezeigt). Der Hydraulikzylinder 24 ist über eine erste und zweite hydraulische Versorgungsleitung 38, 40 mit einem mechanisch ansteuerbaren Steuergerät 42 verbunden, über welches die Verbindung der Versorgungsleitungen 38, 40 mit der Hydraulikpumpe 28 und dem Hydrauliktank 30 herstellbar ist. Das Steuergerät 42 ist mit der Bedieneinrichtung 34 mechanisch verbunden, beispielsweise über Bautenzüge, so dass durch Verstellen der Bedieneinrichtung 34 ein Verschieben des Steuergerätes 42 bzw. des Ventilschiebers des Steuergerätes 42 erfolgen kann.In FIG. 2 a provided for the charger 10 hydraulic arrangement 36 is shown. The hydraulic arrangement 36 comprises the hydraulic cylinder 24, and optionally the hydraulic cylinder (not shown) for telescoping the boom and tilting the loading tool. The hydraulic cylinder 24 is connected via a first and second hydraulic supply line 38, 40 with a mechanically controllable control unit 42, via which the connection of the supply lines 38, 40 with the hydraulic pump 28 and the hydraulic tank 30 can be produced. The control unit 42 is mechanically connected to the operating device 34, for example via building trains, so that a displacement of the control device 42 or of the valve slide of the control unit 42 can take place by adjusting the operating device 34.

In der der hubseitigen Kammer des Hydraulikzylinders 24 zugeordneten Versorgungsleitung 40 ist ein Lasthalteventil 44 angeordnet. Das Lasthalteventil umfasst ein in Richtung des Steuergeräts 42 öffenbares Druckbegrenzungsventil 46, welches in der Versorgungsleitung 40 angeordnet und über Steuerdruckleitungen 48, 50, die mit beiden Versorgungsleitungen 38, 40 verbunden sind, öffenbar ist, sowie ein in einer Bypassleitung angeordnetes und in Richtung des Hydraulikzylinders 24 öffnendes Rückschlagventil 52. Das Lasthalteventil 44 dient dazu, dass im Falle eines Rohrbruchs auf der Hubseite des Hydraulikzylinders 24, keine Hydraulikflüssigkeit entweichen kann und der Hydraulikzylinder 24 seine Position beibehält.In the hubseitigen chamber of the hydraulic cylinder 24 associated supply line 40, a load-holding valve 44 is arranged. The load holding valve comprises a pressure relief valve 46 which can be opened in the direction of the control unit 42, which is arranged in the supply line 40 and can be opened via control pressure lines 48, 50, which are connected to both supply lines 38, 40, and in the direction of the hydraulic cylinder, arranged in a bypass line 24 opens check valve 52. The load-holding valve 44 serves to ensure that in the event of a pipe break on the lift side of the hydraulic cylinder 24, no hydraulic fluid can escape and the hydraulic cylinder 24 maintains its position.

Das Steuergerät 42 umfasst drei Schieberstellungen, eine zum Heben, eine zum Senken und eine weitere zum Halten des Hydraulikzylinders. Das Steuergerät 42 ist als mechanisch schaltbares bzw. mechanisch ansteuerbares Proportionalventil ausgebildet und kann über eine Betätigungsvorrichtung 54 mechanisch angesteuert bzw. verstellt werden, wobei der Betätigungsvorrichtung 54 mit der Bedieneinrichtung 34 mechanisch gekoppelt ist.The control unit 42 comprises three slide positions, one for lifting, one for lowering and another for holding the hydraulic cylinder. The control unit 42 is formed as a mechanically switchable or mechanically controllable proportional valve and can be mechanically controlled or adjusted via an actuating device 54, wherein the actuating device 54 is mechanically coupled to the operating device 34.

Das mechanisch betätigbare Steuergerät 42 stellt eine Verbindung oder Trennung der Hydraulikpumpe 28 mit den Versorgungsleitungen 38, 40 her. Beispielsweise wird ein an der Bedieneinrichtung 34 befindlicher Betätigungshebel nach vorn gedrückt, wodurch die Betätigung des Steuergeräts 42 erfolgt und dieses in seine Heben-Stellung verschoben wird und der Hydraulikzylinder 24 hubseitig mit Hydraulikflüssigkeit befüllt wird, also ausgefahren wird. Eine entsprechend entgegengesetzte Betätigung des Betätigungshebels würde eine Verschiebung des Steuergeräts 42 in die Senken-Stellung hervorrufen, woraufhin der Hydraulikzylinder 24 abgelassen würde.The mechanically actuatable control device 42 establishes a connection or disconnection of the hydraulic pump 28 with the supply lines 38, 40. For example, an operating lever located on the operating device 34 is pushed forward, whereby the operation of the control unit 42 takes place and this is shifted to its lifting position and the hydraulic cylinder 24 is filled with hydraulic fluid on the stroke side, that is extended. A corresponding opposite actuation of the actuating lever would cause a displacement of the control unit 42 in the lowering position, whereupon the hydraulic cylinder 24 would be drained.

In dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist eine Verbindungsleitung 56 vorgesehen, die sich zwischen den beiden Versorgungsleitungen 38, 40 erstreckt. In der Verbindungsleitung 56 ist ein in Richtung der stangenseitigen Versorgungsleitung 38 schließendes Rückschlagventil 58 angeordnet, welches verhindert, dass Hydraulikflüssigkeit von der kolbenseitigen Versorgungsleitung 40 in die stangenseitige Versorgungsleitung 38 fließen kann. Zwischen dem Rückschlagventil 58 und der stangenseitigen Versorgungsleitung 38 ist in der Verbindungsleitung 56 ein elektrohydraulisches Überdruckventil 62 angeordnet. Das Überdruckventil 62 ist derart angeordnet, dass Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus der stangenseitigen Versorgungsleitung 38 in Richtung der kolbenseitigen Versorgungsleitung 40 abfließen kann. Dazu ist das elektrohydraulische Überdruckventil 62 mit einer elektronischen Steuereinheit 64 verbunden. Sobald ein voreingestellter Grenzdruck von dem sich in der stangenseitigen Versorgungsleitung 38 aufbauenden Druck erreicht wird, öffnet das Überdruckventil 62, so Hydraulikflüssigkeit in die kolbenseitige Versorgungsleitung und darüber in den Hydrauliktank 30 abfließt, was dazu führt, dass die Verstellgeschwindigkeit des Hydraulikzylinders 24 reduziert wird, da der Volumenstrom der sich in der stangenseitigen Versorgungsleitung befindlichen Hydraulikflüssigkeit reduziert wird. Das heißt, dass die Menge an Hydraulikflüssigkeit, die in die stangenseitige Kammer des Hydraulikzylinders fließt, abnimmt und somit die Betätigung des Hydraulikzylinders 24, in diesem Falle das Senken des Hydraulikzylinders 24, verlangsamt wird. Selbstverständlich kann die Anordnung des Rückschlagventils 58 und des elektrohydraulischen Überdruckventils 62 entgegengesetzt erfolgen, so dass Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus der kolbenseitigen Versorgungsleitung 40 in die stangenseitige Versorgungsleitung 38 abfließen kann. In diesem Falle würde dann das Heben des Hydraulikzylinders 24 verlangsamt werden.In the in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment, a connecting line 56 is provided, which extends between the two supply lines 38, 40. In the connecting line 56, a check valve 58 closing in the direction of the rod-side supply line 38 is arranged, which prevents hydraulic fluid from flowing from the piston-side supply line 40 into the rod-side supply line 38. Between the check valve 58 and the rod-side supply line 38, an electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve 62 is arranged in the connecting line 56. The pressure relief valve 62 is arranged such that hydraulic fluid can flow out of the rod-side supply line 38 in the direction of the piston-side supply line 40. For this purpose, the electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve 62 is connected to an electronic control unit 64. As soon as a preset limit pressure is reached by the pressure building up in the rod-side supply line 38, the overpressure valve 62 opens hydraulic fluid into the piston-side supply line and into the piston Hydraulic tank 30 drains, resulting in that the adjustment speed of the hydraulic cylinder 24 is reduced, since the volume flow of the located in the rod-side supply line hydraulic fluid is reduced. That is, the amount of hydraulic fluid flowing into the rod-side chamber of the hydraulic cylinder decreases and thus the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 24, in this case the lowering of the hydraulic cylinder 24, is slowed down. Of course, the arrangement of the check valve 58 and the electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve 62 can be made opposite, so that hydraulic fluid from the piston-side supply line 40 can flow into the rod-side supply line 38. In this case, then the lifting of the hydraulic cylinder 24 would be slowed down.

Die Steuerung des Überdruckventils 62 erfolgt durch die elektronische Steuereinheit 64 welche ihrerseits Steuersignale von einem Lastfallsensor 66 bekommt. Je nach Lastzustand signalisiert der Sensor 66 einen mehr oder weniger kritischen Lastzustand. Nähert man sich dem kritischen Lastzustand so verstärkt sich auch das von der elektronischen Steuereinheit 64 ausgesendete Stellsignal zur Verstellung des Überdruckventils 62, welches daraufhin weiter geöffnet wird, so dass der abfließende Volumenstrom zunimmt. Die Verstellung bzw. die Verstärkung des Stellsignals erfolgt dabei vorzugsweise proportional zu dem vom Sensor gelieferten Signal.The control of the pressure relief valve 62 is performed by the electronic control unit 64, which in turn receives control signals from a load sensor 66. Depending on the load condition, the sensor 66 signals a more or less critical load condition. If one approaches the critical load state, the control signal emitted by the electronic control unit 64 also amplifies to adjust the overpressure valve 62, which is then opened further, so that the outflowing volume flow increases. The adjustment or the gain of the control signal is preferably proportional to the signal supplied by the sensor.

Der Sensor ist vorzugsweise an der Hinterachse 18 des Ladegeräts 10 angeordnet. Beispielsweise ist der Sensor 66 als Dehnungsmessstreifen ausgebildet und registriert bzw. erfasst die Durchbiegung der Hinterachse 18. Aus den Signalwerten für die Durchbiegung kann dann auf die Be- bzw. Entlastung der Hinterachse 18 geschlossen werden. Sollte die Belastung der Hinterachse 18 zunehmend abnehmen, kann dies auf einen kritischen Lastzustand hinweisen, nämlich spätestens dann, wenn keine Last mehr auf der Hinterachse 18 detektiert bzw. signalisiert würde. In diesem Falle beginnt das Ladegerät 10 Umzukippen. Gleiches ist auch für die Vorderachse 16 denkbar.The sensor is preferably arranged on the rear axle 18 of the charger 10. For example, the sensor 66 is designed as a strain gauge and registers or detects the deflection of the rear axle 18. From the signal values for the deflection can then be closed to the loading or unloading of the rear axle 18. If the load on the rear axle 18 decreases progressively, this may indicate a critical load condition, namely at the latest when no load on the rear axle 18 is detected or signaled. In this case, the charger 10 begins to tip over. The same is also conceivable for the front axle 16.

In Figur 3 ist ein alternatives Ausführungsbeispiel für eine hydraulische Anordnung 56' dargestellt, bei dem anstelle der Verbindungsleitung 56 aus Figur 2 eine Abflussleitung 56' angeordnet ist, in der das elektrohydraulische Überdruckventil 62 angeordnet ist. Die Abflussleitung 56' zweigt von der stangenseitigen Versorgungsleitung 38 ab und führt in den Hydrauliktank 30. Somit kann über das Überdruckventil 62 aus der stangenseitigen Versorgungsleitung 38 Hydraulikflüssigkeit direkt in den Hydrauliktank 30 abfließen. Die Steuerung des Überdruckventils erfolgt dabei analog zu dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel. Bei der in Figur 3 dargestellten hydraulischen Anordnung 36' ist kein Rückschlagventil 58 vorgesehen, da keine Verbindung der kolbenseitigen Versorgungsleitung 40 zur Abflussleitung 56' besteht. Analog zu dem in Figur 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel wird in Figur 3 lediglich das Senken des Hydraulikzylinders 24 verlangsamt. Wie bei dem zu Figur 2 beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiel kann auch bei dem in Figur 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel das Abfließen von Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus der kolbenseitigen Versorgungsleitung 40 vorgesehen werden und damit das Heben des Hydraulikzylinders 24 verlangsamt werden. In diesem Falle ist die Abflussleitung 56' mit der kolbenseitigen Versorgungsleitung 40 verbunden, wobei die Steuerung des Überdruckventils auf analoge Weise wie in dem in Figur 3 dargestellten Beispiel erfolgt.In FIG. 3 an alternative embodiment for a hydraulic arrangement 56 'is shown in which instead of the connecting line 56 from FIG. 2 a drain line 56 'is arranged, in which the electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve 62 is arranged. The drain line 56 'branches off from the rod-side supply line 38 and leads into the hydraulic tank 30. Thus, via the pressure relief valve 62 from the rod-side supply line 38 hydraulic fluid can flow directly into the hydraulic tank 30. The control of the pressure relief valve is analogous to that in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment. At the in FIG. 3 shown hydraulic assembly 36 'is not provided a check valve 58, since no connection of the piston-side supply line 40 to the drain line 56' is made. Analogous to the in FIG. 2 illustrated embodiment is shown in FIG. 3 only the lowering of the hydraulic cylinder 24 slows down. As for the too FIG. 2 described embodiment can also in the in FIG. 3 illustrated embodiment, the drainage of hydraulic fluid from the piston-side supply line 40 are provided, and thus the lifting of the hydraulic cylinder 24 are slowed down. In this case, the drain line 56 'is connected to the piston side supply line 40, the control of the Pressure relief valve in an analogous manner as in the in FIG. 3 example is shown.

Die in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele der hydraulischen Anordnungen 36, 36' zeigen stellvertretend die Anordnung von nur einem Hydraulikzylinder 24. Wie oben erwähnt, sind weitere Hydraulikzylinder (nicht gezeigt) parallel einsetzbar, die auf gleiche Weise von einer Betätigungseinrichtung 34 betätigbar sind und ebenfalls in einer hydraulischen Anordnung 36, 36', wie sie in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellt sind, eingebunden sind. Weiterhin ist es, wie bereits erwähnt, nicht nur möglich das Einfahren bzw. Senken des Hydraulikzylinders 24 zu begrenzen bzw. zu verlangsamen. Es ist natürlich auch denkbar das Ausfahren zu begrenzen bzw. zu verlangsamen, wie es zum Beispiel zur Vermeidung eines Ausfahrens des Auslegers 14 erforderlich wäre, um ein Umkippen des Teleskopladers zu verhindern. In diesem Falle wäre für das Ausführungsbeispiel in Figur 2 die Steuerdruckleitung 56, mit der die Heben Stellung des Steuergeräts 42 und damit das Heben des Hydraulikzylinders 24 ansteuerbar ist, mit einem elektrohydraulischen Überdruckventil 62 versehen bzw. verbunden. Für das Ausführungsbeispiel in Figur 3 wäre die kolbenseitige Versorgungsleitung 40 mit einer entsprechenden Abflussleitung 56' mit elektrohydraulischem Überdruckventil 62 verbunden.The in the Figures 2 and 3 As illustrated above, other hydraulic cylinders (not shown) are parallel usable, which are actuated in the same manner by an actuator 34 and also in a hydraulic arrangement 36th , 36 ', as in the Figures 2 and 3 are shown are involved. Furthermore, as already mentioned, not only is it possible to limit or slow down the retraction or lowering of the hydraulic cylinder 24. Of course, it is also conceivable to limit the extension or slow down, as would be necessary, for example, to avoid extension of the boom 14 in order to prevent tipping over of the telescopic loader. In this case would be for the embodiment in FIG. 2 the control pressure line 56, with the lifting position of the control unit 42 and thus the lifting of the hydraulic cylinder 24 can be controlled, provided with an electro-hydraulic pressure relief valve 62 and connected. For the embodiment in FIG. 3 the piston-side supply line 40 would be connected to a corresponding discharge line 56 'with electro-hydraulic overpressure valve 62.

Figur 4 zeigt als weiteres Ausführungsbeispiel ein Ladegerät 10 in Form eines Traktors 68 mit Frontlader 70, wobei für die gleichen Komponenten des Ladegeräts 10, wie Rahmen 12, Vorderachse 16, Hinterachse 16, Räder 20, 22, Ladewerkzeug 26 und Kabine 32 die gleichen Bezugszeichen gelten. Hierbei stellen die Schwingen 70, die beidseitig des Traktors 68 angeordnet sind, einen Ausleger dar, durch dessen Betätigung in bestimmten Situationen und bei Überladung kritische Lastzuständen des Ladegeräts 10 hervorgerufen werden können. Die zum Betätigen der Schwingen 70 angeordneten Hydraulikzylinder 74 bzw. die zum Betätigen des Laderwerkzeugs 26 angeordneten Hydraulikzylinder 76 werden dabei analog zu den in den Figuren 2 und 3 dargestellten hydraulischen Anordnungen 36, 36' betrieben. FIG. 4 shows as a further embodiment, a charger 10 in the form of a tractor 68 with front loader 70, wherein the same reference numerals apply to the same components of the charger 10, such as frame 12, front axle 16, rear axle 16, wheels 20, 22, loading tool 26 and cabin 32. Here are the rockers 70, the two sides of the tractor 68th are arranged, a boom, by its operation in certain situations and overloads critical load conditions of the charger 10 can be caused. The arranged to operate the rocker arms 70 hydraulic cylinder 74 and arranged to operate the loader tool 26 hydraulic cylinder 76 are analogous to those in the Figures 2 and 3 operated hydraulic arrangements 36, 36 'operated.

Auch wenn die Erfindung lediglich anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels beschrieben wurde, erschließen sich für den Fachmann im Lichte der vorstehenden Beschreibung sowie der Zeichnung viele verschiedenartige Alternativen, Modifikationen und Varianten, die unter die vorliegende Erfindung fallen.Although the invention has been described by way of example only, in light of the foregoing description and the drawings, those skilled in the art will recognize many different alternatives, modifications and variations which are within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (6)

  1. Loader with a hydraulically operated extension arm (14, 72), a sensor (66) for monitoring the load condition on the loader (10) and a hydraulic arrangement (36, 36') for actuation of the extension arm (14, 72) and/or an implement (26) attached to the extension arm (14, 72), the hydraulic arrangement (36, 36') exhibiting at least one hydraulic cylinder (24) with one supply line on the piston rod side (38, 40) and one supply line on the piston side, at least one mechanically switchable control device (42) for controlling the at least one hydraulic cylinder (24), a hydraulic source (28), a hydraulic tank (30) and an electronic control unit (64), wherein means (62) for restricting the volumetric flow are provided between the control device (42) and the hydraulic cylinder (24), by which means, depending on a sensor signal supplied by the sensor (66), a volumetric flow in at least one of the supply line on the piston rod side or the supply line on the piston side (38, 40) of the hydraulic cylinder (24) can be restricted, characterized in that the sensor (66) is configured and arranged in such a way that a critical load condition on the loader (10) is detectable and in that the sensor (66) is arranged on a vehicle axle (16, 18) of the loader (10).
  2. Loader according to Claim 1, characterized in that the means (62) for restricting the volumetric flow consist of at least one electrohydraulic overpressure valve capable of actuation by the electronic control unit (64) and are arranged in a connecting line (56) extending between the supply line on the piston rod side and the supply line on the piston side (38, 40).
  3. Loader according to Claim 2, characterized in that the connecting line (56) exhibits a check valve (58), which blocks a volumetric flow in one direction of flow.
  4. Loader according to Claim 1, characterized in that the means (62) for restricting the volumetric flow consist of at least one electrohydraulic overpressure valve capable of actuation by the electronic control unit (64) are arranged in a discharge line (56') branching from the supply line on the piston rod side and the supply line on the piston side (38, 40) to the hydraulic tank (30).
  5. Loader according to one of the foregoing claims, characterized in that the loader (10) is configured as a telescopic loader and the extension arm (14) is capable of being varied via a first hydraulic cylinder (24) in respect of its angle of attack and via a second hydraulic cylinder in respect of its length, in conjunction with which a third hydraulic cylinder may be provided, with which an implement (26) arranged on the extension arm (14) is capable of being caused to pivot.
  6. Loader according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the loader (10) consists of a front loader (70) and the extension arm is configured as a load arm (72) of a front loader (70), which is capable of being varied via a first or a first and a second hydraulic cylinder (24) in respect of its angle of attack, in conjunction with which a third hydraulic cylinder (24) can be provided, by means of which an implement (26) provided on the load arm (72) is capable of being caused to pivot.
EP07115448A 2006-09-08 2007-08-31 Charging device Not-in-force EP1897847B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE102006042372A DE102006042372A1 (en) 2006-09-08 2006-09-08 charger

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EP1897847A2 EP1897847A2 (en) 2008-03-12
EP1897847A3 EP1897847A3 (en) 2009-06-17
EP1897847B1 true EP1897847B1 (en) 2012-06-06

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US (1) US7845896B2 (en)
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JP (1) JP5503103B2 (en)
DE (1) DE102006042372A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2389136T3 (en)

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USD832551S1 (en) 2017-10-12 2018-10-30 Clark Equipment Company Loader
USD832552S1 (en) 2017-10-12 2018-10-30 Clark Equipment Company Lift arm for loader
US10626576B2 (en) 2016-12-16 2020-04-21 Clark Equipment Company Loader with telescopic lift arm

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FR3083536B1 (en) * 2018-07-05 2021-06-11 Guima Palfinger LIFTING DEVICE INCLUDING A PERFECTED HYDRAULIC CIRCUIT TO AUTHORIZE A QUICK DUMP RETURN PHASE

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DE102016205582A1 (en) * 2016-04-05 2017-10-05 Robert Bosch Gmbh Hydraulic drive device with regeneration operation
US10626576B2 (en) 2016-12-16 2020-04-21 Clark Equipment Company Loader with telescopic lift arm
USD832551S1 (en) 2017-10-12 2018-10-30 Clark Equipment Company Loader
USD832552S1 (en) 2017-10-12 2018-10-30 Clark Equipment Company Lift arm for loader

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US20080073155A1 (en) 2008-03-27
JP2008063142A (en) 2008-03-21
JP5503103B2 (en) 2014-05-28
EP1897847A2 (en) 2008-03-12
DE102006042372A1 (en) 2008-03-27
US7845896B2 (en) 2010-12-07
ES2389136T3 (en) 2012-10-23
EP1897847A3 (en) 2009-06-17

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