EP1890214A1 - Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Datensignals in der Steuereinheit eines Moduls eines Elektroenergiesystems - Google Patents

Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Datensignals in der Steuereinheit eines Moduls eines Elektroenergiesystems Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1890214A1
EP1890214A1 EP06118943A EP06118943A EP1890214A1 EP 1890214 A1 EP1890214 A1 EP 1890214A1 EP 06118943 A EP06118943 A EP 06118943A EP 06118943 A EP06118943 A EP 06118943A EP 1890214 A1 EP1890214 A1 EP 1890214A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
relay
transistor switch
signal generation
relay contact
signal
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP06118943A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Lahan Konov
Per Eriksson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Technology AG
Original Assignee
ABB Technology AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Technology AG filed Critical ABB Technology AG
Priority to EP06118943A priority Critical patent/EP1890214A1/de
Priority to CN2007800301505A priority patent/CN101501799B/zh
Priority to DE112007001923T priority patent/DE112007001923T5/de
Priority to PCT/SE2007/050555 priority patent/WO2008020808A1/en
Publication of EP1890214A1 publication Critical patent/EP1890214A1/de
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac
    • G05F1/14—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is ac using tap transformers or tap changing inductors as final control devices
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/0005—Tap change devices
    • H01H9/0027—Operating mechanisms
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H9/00—Details of switching devices, not covered by groups H01H1/00 - H01H7/00
    • H01H9/54—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the switching device and for which no provision exists elsewhere
    • H01H9/541—Contacts shunted by semiconductor devices
    • H01H9/542—Contacts shunted by static switch means

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a signal generation unit and a method to generate a data signal in a control unit of a power system device.
  • the control unit is a drive unit for a tap-changer.
  • the data signals used in the control units of the secondary systems are generated either by contact-type electromechanical and electromagnetic devices or by contactless electronics.
  • This invention relates to control units with contact-type devices and in particular to control units with signal or light-duty relays.
  • a signal relay is used to generate a data signal by performing a switching operation between two different output voltages, where the two output voltages represent the High and Low level of a binary signal.
  • the signal relay simply switches only one output voltage on or off by closing and opening one of its contacts.
  • This operational mode can also be described as switching between a rated voltage and zero volts.
  • the relays may have a different number of output terminals, depending on the number of contacts. For example, they can be classified into relays with one normally closed or normally open contact and relays with two change-over contacts. Since these basic configurations can be multiplied, relays with more than two contacts and corresponding output terminals are on the market.
  • the output voltages of a signal relay used in a control unit of a power system device may be of AC or DC signal form and may vary significantly in their voltage level, i.e. from 24 to 250 V, depending on the actual implementation of the control unit within the power network and depending on regional or local specifications and standards.
  • the electrical specification of the output port of the control unit where the data signal is output is user-dependent.
  • the electrical circuit connected to the output port may be of capacitive or inductive behaviour. If an inductive load, which is often described by the time constance UR in this context, is connected to an output port of the control unit, a counter emf (electromagnetic force) with a high peak is generated when breaking the current by opening one of the contacts of the signal relay. As a result, a spark may be generated between the two contact elements of the contact which may cause material migration between the contact elements as well as evaporation due to high temperatures.
  • the negative effect of the inductive load on the relay contacts is more damaging in a DC circuit than in an AC circuit.
  • the invention is based on the recognition of the fact that if there could be provided a means to effectively protect the signal relay against the maximum possible inductive load at the maximum possible DC voltage level, then the signal generation unit would be suited for all other possible configurations as well.
  • the signal generation unit comprises a signal relay as described above and a protection circuit in parallel with two of the output terminals of the relay, where at least one relay contact corresponds to the output terminals.
  • the protection circuit comprises a transistor switch in parallel with the two output terminals and a switch control unit for closing the transistor switch before opening the at least one relay contact corresponding to the at least two relay terminals and for opening the transistor switch after the at least one relay contact is opened.
  • the transistor switch can be of any possible kind, i.e. a bipolar transistor, a MOSFET or an IGBT. If a relay comprises more than the at least one relay contact, protection circuits can be connected in parallel to each pair or only some of the pairs of relay output terminals corresponding to the relay contacts.
  • the method according to the invention comprises the steps of closing a transistor switch, where the transistor switch is connected in parallel with two output terminals corresponding to at least one relay contact of a signal relay, followed by the opening of the at least one relay contact, thereby performing a switching operation between two different output voltages, and thereafter opening the transistor switch
  • the closing of the transistor switch allows a continuous current flow so that any counter emf is prevented when the relay contact is opened afterwards.
  • the low internal resistance of the transistor switch produces a low voltage across the pair of contact elements of the relay contact. Hence, when the relay contact is opened while the transistor switch is closed, no damaging voltage and no spark occurs across the contact elements.
  • the transistor switch After opening the relay contact the transistor is switched off, so that the emf increases the voltage on the output side of the transistor switch, which in the case of a bipolar transistor is the collector-emitter voltage. Accordingly, when choosing the transistor switch the maximum rating for the collector-emitter voltage or drain-source voltage, respectively, has to be taken into account, in relation to the maximum possible inductive load at the maximum possible DC voltage level. Another aspect of choosing the appropriate transistor is the energy loss in the transistor, which may lead to overheating in case the maximum power dissipation rating is exceeded. But since, according to the invention, the transistor switch is switched off again after the relay contacts have been opened, the transistor switch is not supposed to remain in the switched-on state longer than necessary. Thus, the power dissipation is held at a minimum level, so that it should not reach its maximum rating under normal circumstances.
  • a drive unit for a tap-changer that comprises means to automatically move the tap-changer to a desired position and which is provided with at least one of the signal generation units described above.
  • the switch control unit closes the transistor switch before closing the at least one relay contact and opens the transistor switch after the at least one relay contact is closed. Since it is not known beforehand what kind of load will be connected to the signal generation unit, the use of the transistor switch during the closing of the relay contact prevents mainly the occurrence of a damaging overcurrent caused by a capacitive load.
  • the protection circuit further comprises a rectifier unit in parallel with the at least two relay terminals.
  • the transistor switch is then connected in parallel with the DC output of the rectifier unit so that the DC output of the rectifier unit is short-circuited when the transistor switch is closed by the switch control unit.
  • the switch control unit leaves the transistor switch closed as long as a chatter in the signal relay occurs in order to fully ensure the protection of the at least one relay contact.
  • the signal generation unit further comprises at least one varistor for protecting the signal generation unit against sudden and unpredicted voltage peaks.
  • the at least one varistor is preferably connected in parallel with the AC input of the rectifier unit and/or between one of the terminals of the AC input of the rectifier unit and a protective ground.
  • the conventional drive unit 1 shown in figure 1 is intended for the use with a tap changer. It comprises as main components an electric motor 2 to drive an output drive shaft 4 via a gear unit 5, and a control unit 3 to monitor and control the operation of the motor 2 and thereby of the tap changer.
  • the actual tap changer which is not shown in figure 1, would be mechanically connected to the output drive shaft 4.
  • the control unit 3 receives control instructions from a superordinated control system and sensor signals from the motor 2. The control instructions and the sensor signals are then processed by the control unit 3 to generate output signals. One minor part of the output signals controls the voltage supply to the motor 2 so that the output drive shaft 4 is rotated to a desired angle and the tap changer is moved to the desired position, accordingly. These output signals are internal signals. The other main part of the output signals serves as measurement and monitoring information for external control units as well as for the superordinated control system. The are external output signals.
  • the control unit 3 comprises signal generation units which contain electromechanical relays.
  • the electrical specification of the output signals varies between AC (50/60 Hz) and DC of different voltage levels and the load on the output ports of the control unit 3 may be either capacitive or inductive.
  • the drive unit 1 and especially the signal generation units of the control unit 3 have to be adapted to each application specifically, which results in an extensive and costly production process of drive units for today's tap changers.
  • the present invention suggests to use a signal generation unit which comprises the electrical and electronic components according to figure 2.
  • a signal generation unit which comprises the electrical and electronic components according to figure 2.
  • this signal generation unit one and the same control unit 3 can be utilised for different DC output voltages and up to the maximum rating of the inductive load.
  • the signal generation unit according to figure 2 comprises a signal relay 6 with a relay coil 7.
  • a relay contact corresponding to the relay output terminals 8 is closed.
  • the relay contact comprises two contact elements 19 which are only shown schematically.
  • the output voltage across the output terminals 9 of the signal generation unit becomes zero. If the relay contact is opened again, the output voltage across the output terminals 9 is determined by the external circuitry connected to terminals 9. This output voltage is a DC voltage and it varies from 24 to 250 V.
  • the signal generation unit contains a special protection circuit.
  • a transistor switch 10 In parallel with the relay output terminals 8 or the output terminals 9, respectively, there is connected a transistor switch 10.
  • the transistor switch 10 is in this example an IGBT.
  • the transistor switch 10 is controlled by a switch control unit 11, in this particular case an opto-isolated photovoltaic transistor driver.
  • the switch control unit 11 produces a control signal U G for the gate of the transistor switch 10 according to figure 3.
  • FIG 3 there is depicted the time characteristics of the control signal U G for the gate of the transistor switch 10 as well as the time characteristics of a control signal U R which controls the energizing of the relay coil 7.
  • a high signal level indicates that the transistor switch 10 or the signal relay 6 should be switched on, respectively, where switching the signal relay 6 on means closing the relay contact corresponding to the relay output terminals 8.
  • the transistor switch 10 is controlled to be switched on for a time period t pre,on before the signal relay 6 is switched on, and the transistor switch 10 is controlled to be switched off for a time period t past,on after the signal relay 6 has been switched on.
  • the transistor switch 10 is controlled to be switched on for a time period t pre,off before the signal relay 6 is switched off, and the transistor switch 10 is controlled to be switched off for a time period t past,off after the signal relay 6 has been switched off.
  • the time periods t past,on and t past,off which are applied after the switching operation of the signal relay 6 are each chosen to be long enough to allow a chatter in the signal relay 6 to subside under a predetermined level.
  • a rectifier unit 12 is added to the components of the signal generation unit according figure 4.
  • the rectifier unit 12 in this particular case a single phase rectifier bridge, is connected in parallel with the relay output terminals 8 or the output terminals 9, respectively.
  • the transistor switch 10 is connected directly to the DC output 13 of the rectifier unit 12, so that the transistor switch 10 can fulfil the function of paralleling the relay output terminals 8 and thereby protecting the contact elements 19 regardless of AC or DC across the output terminals 9.
  • three varistors 14, 15 and 16 are included in the signal generation unit to protect the different components 8, 10, 11 and 12 of the signal generation unit against voltage peaks.
  • Two of the varistors, 14 and 15, are between one of the terminals of the AC input 18 of the rectifier unit 12 and a protective ground 17.
  • the third varistor 16 is connected in parallel with the output terminals 9.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Relay Circuits (AREA)
  • Direct Current Feeding And Distribution (AREA)
EP06118943A 2006-08-15 2006-08-15 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Datensignals in der Steuereinheit eines Moduls eines Elektroenergiesystems Ceased EP1890214A1 (de)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06118943A EP1890214A1 (de) 2006-08-15 2006-08-15 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Datensignals in der Steuereinheit eines Moduls eines Elektroenergiesystems
CN2007800301505A CN101501799B (zh) 2006-08-15 2007-08-15 在电力***设备的控制单元中生成数据信号的信号生成单元和方法
DE112007001923T DE112007001923T5 (de) 2006-08-15 2007-08-15 Signalerzeugungseinheit und Verfahren zum Erzeugen eines Datensignals in einer Steuereinheit einer Stromversorgungseinrichtung
PCT/SE2007/050555 WO2008020808A1 (en) 2006-08-15 2007-08-15 Signal generation unit and method to generate a data signal in a control unit of a power system device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06118943A EP1890214A1 (de) 2006-08-15 2006-08-15 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Datensignals in der Steuereinheit eines Moduls eines Elektroenergiesystems

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1890214A1 true EP1890214A1 (de) 2008-02-20

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06118943A Ceased EP1890214A1 (de) 2006-08-15 2006-08-15 Vorrichtung und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Datensignals in der Steuereinheit eines Moduls eines Elektroenergiesystems

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1890214A1 (de)
CN (1) CN101501799B (de)
DE (1) DE112007001923T5 (de)
WO (1) WO2008020808A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012222782A1 (de) * 2012-04-10 2013-10-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Schaltvorrichtung mit Überspannungsschutz

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3639808A (en) * 1970-06-18 1972-02-01 Cutler Hammer Inc Relay contact protecting circuits
US4466038A (en) * 1982-02-01 1984-08-14 Hewlett-Packard Company Hybrid power switch
US6621668B1 (en) * 2000-06-26 2003-09-16 Zytron Control Products, Inc. Relay circuit means for controlling the application of AC power to a load using a relay with arc suppression circuitry

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN2147671Y (zh) * 1993-01-03 1993-11-24 徐行玉 电动机断相过载保护器
SE519492C2 (sv) 2000-05-26 2003-03-04 Abb Ab Manöverdon samt lindningskopplare innefattande ett sådant
CN2622897Y (zh) * 2003-06-03 2004-06-30 余彦中 自控断路保护信号继电器输出电路装置
ITMI20042146A1 (it) * 2004-11-09 2005-02-09 I A C E Di Cristina Adriano Dispositivo di commutazione per rele' elettrici

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3639808A (en) * 1970-06-18 1972-02-01 Cutler Hammer Inc Relay contact protecting circuits
US4466038A (en) * 1982-02-01 1984-08-14 Hewlett-Packard Company Hybrid power switch
US6621668B1 (en) * 2000-06-26 2003-09-16 Zytron Control Products, Inc. Relay circuit means for controlling the application of AC power to a load using a relay with arc suppression circuitry

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN101501799B (zh) 2012-02-15
DE112007001923T5 (de) 2009-06-25
CN101501799A (zh) 2009-08-05
WO2008020808A1 (en) 2008-02-21

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