EP1883934B1 - Surge arrester with a cage embodiment - Google Patents
Surge arrester with a cage embodiment Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1883934B1 EP1883934B1 EP06755259A EP06755259A EP1883934B1 EP 1883934 B1 EP1883934 B1 EP 1883934B1 EP 06755259 A EP06755259 A EP 06755259A EP 06755259 A EP06755259 A EP 06755259A EP 1883934 B1 EP1883934 B1 EP 1883934B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- end fitting
- surge protector
- reinforcing element
- protector according
- anchoring element
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Not-in-force
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
- H01C7/12—Overvoltage protection resistors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01C—RESISTORS
- H01C7/00—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
- H01C7/10—Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
Definitions
- the invention relates to a surge arrester with cage design, as for example from the JP 63 312 602 is known.
- Surge arresters are connected in power supply systems between live lines and ground to derive in the event of an overvoltage in the line this to ground and to protect other components of the power grid.
- Such a surge arrester contains a stack of varistor blocks, which is held between two connection elements. This arrangement is accommodated in a housing.
- GRP rods glass fiber reinforced plastic rods
- a problem with such surge arresters is to securely fasten the reinforcing elements to the end fittings, so that the necessary strength is obtained even in the case of mechanical stresses which occur in the case of surge arresters mounted outdoors.
- this problem is solved in that in the end fittings grooves in the stacking direction of the varistor blocks are provided, in which the reinforcing elements are inserted, and in which the end of the reinforcing elements is provided with a thread on which a nut is screwed, which is larger in diameter than the groove in the end fitting, and so the reinforcing element - essentially by positive engagement - holds.
- reinforcing elements can be anchored to the end fittings of a surge arrester.
- this document proposes to hold the reinforcing elements by a pin or a screw which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing elements and is guided through a through hole by the rods. The pin or the screw are then held in a corresponding recess or a threaded hole in the end fitting.
- the said European patent application also shows the possibility of setting the reinforcing elements with wedges in the end fitting.
- a tapering in the direction of the stacking means of the varistor blocks wedge between each reinforcing element and a corresponding inclined surface of the end fitting is brought and both together held together by an outer part of the end fitting under radial pressure.
- the wedges are dragged by friction and ensure that the reinforcing elements frictionally or frictionally held between the associated wedge and the end fitting.
- the object of the invention is therefore to provide a generic surge arrester with cage design, which is easy to manufacture and ensures a secure anchoring of the reinforcing elements in the end fittings.
- the in Fig. 1 Cage design surge arresters shown include at least one varistor block 1.
- varistor blocks known ceramic disks having a variable resistor can be used. At low voltages they work as near-perfect insulators, while at high voltages they have good conductivity.
- Commercially available varistor blocks are manufactured on the basis of zinc oxide (ZnO). However, the invention is not limited to such zinc oxide surge arresters, and other metal oxides as well as silicon carbide may be used for the varistor block, for example.
- further blocks, such as metal blocks, or spark gap blocks may be included in the stack so as to adapt the length of the surge arrester to the requirements of the particular application.
- Common varistor blocks 1 are formed as circular cylinders with a diameter of for example 5 cm and a height of about 4 cm. On both sides of the varistor blocks 1 aluminum electrodes not shown in detail are applied to ensure a better contact. It is also customary between the Varistorblöcke 1 to further improve the contact also not shown thin aluminum discs.
- FIG Fig. 1 A stack formed by stacking such varistor blocks 1 and any metal blocks is shown in FIG Fig. 1 shown surge arrester between two end fittings 3 held.
- the end fittings 3 are usually formed of aluminum or stainless steel and designed so that they can be easily integrated into existing electrical installations or power grids, for example by a projecting from the surge arrester central screw 4, which makes good contact with the Varistorblöcken 1 well.
- surge arresters are surrounded by an outer housing 5, often made of silicone.
- the housing can be formed by spraying or pouring.
- rods 9 the reinforcing elements will be referred to as rods 9, without any limitation of the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows the "cage" of a surge arrester of a first embodiment of the invention.
- the varistor blocks 1 and other components of the stack have been omitted.
- One of the two end fittings 3 is shown exploded to illustrate the embodiment.
- a sectional view along the line AA is in Fig. 3 shown.
- rods 9 are arranged at regular angular intervals along the circumference of the end fittings 3.
- the end fitting 3 itself contains a first part 3A and a second part 3B.
- the first part 3A has eight through-holes 11 for the glass-fiber reinforced rods 9 and also eight threaded holes 13A for clamping screws 15, wherein the through holes 11 and the threaded holes 13A are alternately arranged along the circumference of the first part 3A of the end fitting.
- the exact number of the clamping screw connections and also the rods 9 should be selected by the person skilled in the art as required. In principle, it is possible to use only one clamping screw and / or only one (central) rod, for example when the varistor blocks 1 are designed as rings. However, arrangements are preferred in which three or more rods are distributed along the circumference of the end fitting, and in which the varistor blocks 1 are present as (circular) cylindrical disks.
- the second part 3B has at the in Fig. 2 and 3 shown embodiment eight corresponding through holes 13 for the clamping screws 15 and eight only one side open recesses 17 for receiving the upper ends of the rods.
- the first part 3A of the end fitting 3 is formed as a ring with a central passage 19.
- the second part 3B has in its center a guide tube 21 which can engage in the ring of the first part 3A.
- the guide tube 21 itself is provided on its inside with an internal thread 23, in which a further large screw 25 and a bolt can be screwed, which after assembly the Stacks of Varistorblöcke 1 firmly pressed, the rods are loaded with train.
- an anchoring element 27 is attached at each end. This anchoring element 27 is firmly connected to the rod 9, and ensures that under tensile load, the rod 9 remains firmly anchored in the end fitting 3.
- Fig. 3 and 4 one of these anchoring elements 27 is shown in section. In addition, it is shown how this anchoring element 27 cooperates in this preferred embodiment with the second part 3B and the first part 3A of the end fitting.
- the through hole 13 in the first part 3A of the end fitting has a first narrow portion on the side of the varistor blocks 1 and a second further portion on the side of the second part 3B, which are interconnected via a conical portion.
- a simple shoulder or step can also be used.
- the through hole 11 is to be formed so as to closely surround the rod 9 in its narrow portion, and to partially receive the anchoring element 27 in its wide portion.
- the conical section or the shoulder is designed to be complementary to the outer contour of the anchoring element 27, in order to allow a firm and secure form-fitting support of the anchoring element 27 in the end fitting 3.
- the recess 17 in the second part 3B of the end fitting is also provided with a wide first portion on the open side facing the first part 3B and with a tapered portion on the closed end.
- the dimensions of the recess 17 and the through hole 11 are such that they can receive the anchoring element 27 in a form-fitting manner. This is below in Fig. 3 shown.
- anchoring element 27 for example, a commercial "Ermeto screw” can be used, as it has been known since the 30s of the last century
- Ermeto fittings are used in the art for connecting hydraulic pipes and are commercially available, inter alia, from the company Parker-Ermeto.
- the anchoring element 27 has at least one edge 29 which rests against the rod 9 and is inclined against the direction of the tensile load.
- Fig. 4 shows a detailed view of an anchoring element 27 according to the invention according to this embodiment.
- the anchoring element 27 consists in the embodiment shown of three parts.
- the two cutting ring elements 27A and 27C are identical in construction in the embodiment shown and consist of a sleeve whose inner diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of the rod 9.
- On the inside of the sleeve of the cutting ring elements 27A, 27C, two cutting rings 29 or edges are formed in the embodiment shown, which cut into the surface of the rod 9 in use. The edges are preferably inclined against the direction of the intended tensile load.
- the material of the cutting ring elements 27A, 27C have a certain elasticity. It is possible to provide the cutting ring with a slot.
- the outer contour of the cutting ring elements 27A, 27C is conical in the region of the cutting rings. wherein the diameter increases in the direction of the intended tensile load.
- the bracing sleeve 27B has a tapered inner shape that is complementary to the outer contour of the cutting ring members 27A, 27C.
- the grommet 27B and a cutting ring member 27A are engaged and pushed together in the axial direction of the rod 9, the cutting rings are driven to be cut into the rod 9 due to the complementary inclinations of the outer contour of the cutting ring member 27A and the inner shape of the grommet 27B. Due to the angular position of the or the cutting rings so creates a positive connection between the rod 9 and the cutting ring, which continues to tighten as the rod is subjected to tension and holds it all the tighter.
- This well-known cutting ring principle used since the thirties for connection of hydraulic pipes, ensures excellent retention of the anchoring element 27 on the rod 9 under tensile load.
- a second cutting ring element 27C is shown. No separate clamping sleeve is provided for this cutting ring element 27C since this task is taken over by the recess 17 of the second part 3B of the end fitting.
- Each cutting ring element 27A, 27C has two cutting rings 29. Designs with only one cutting ring or with three or more cutting rings are also possible.
- the cutting ring element 27A, 27C is formed smooth inside and is closed in the outer contour by a second, relatively steep cone, the diameter decreasing in the direction of the intended tensile load.
- This second cone is assigned a corresponding section of the bracing sleeve 27B or of the through hole 11 of the first part 3A of the end fitting 3.
- the second cone of the cutting ring element 27A, 27C can be dispensed with.
- the Clamping sleeve 27B and the through hole 11 may then be formed without the complementary second cone, for example with a simple shoulder or step.
- a serious damage leading to the weakening of the rod 9 can be avoided since the cutting rings 29 do not cut very deeply into the rod 9.
- a plurality of cutting rings 29 may be arranged one behind the other.
- a stack of varistor blocks 1 and optionally metal blocks between the first annular parts 3A of two end fittings 3 is arranged. Subsequently, the rods 9 are guided through the provided for this purpose in the first parts 3A of the end fittings 3 through holes 11.
- the rods 9 are brought to a uniform length and the anchoring elements 27 are pushed. Subsequently, the second part 3B of the end fitting is applied on this side.
- the first clamping screws 15 which extend through the through holes 13 in the second part 3B of the end fitting and engage in the threaded holes 13A in the first part 3A of the end fitting, the first and second parts 3A, 3B of the end fitting are firmly clamped against each other.
- the two parts of the end fitting are formed so that they receive the anchoring elements 27 completely in the corresponding recesses and enclose them.
- clamping screw 25 is screwed through the central opening of the end fitting, which rests against the Varistorblöcken 1 and a lying between the uppermost Varistorblock 1 and the end fitting 3 control disc made of aluminum or stainless steel.
- the rods 5 are provided with the anchoring elements 27 on the opposite side of the Varistorstapels.
- a second large clamping screw 25 is driven by the central thread of the end fitting 3, so that it rests against a corresponding control disk or the uppermost varistor block. With a torque wrench, the lower and upper middle large clamping screws 25 are tightened, so that the stack of varistor blocks is held together with a defined pressure.
- the cage thus formed is provided with an outer housing.
- This is advantageously done by encapsulation or encapsulation of the stack of Varistorblöcken, the rods 9 and the end fittings 3.
- a low-viscosity silicone has been found suitable. Such low-viscosity silicones are commercially available, and have also been used in the prior art for housing.
- the umbrellas 7 can be cast.
- the screens 7 can then be attached to the housing 5 by mechanical relaxation or by gluing.
- the separate application of the screens 7 is an additional operation, which increases the cost of the surge arrester, but in this way longitudinal seams along the surge arrester can be avoided, where can develop leakage due to contamination creepage.
- Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the surge arrester according to the invention.
- rods 9 are not circular in cross section.
- rods 9 are adapted in shape to the outer contour of the stack of Varistorblöcken 1.
- the outer housing 5 of the surge arrester can be made thinner overall, since the rods 9 at the same Tensile strength have a smaller thickness. This is advantageous insofar as the low-viscosity silicone is expensive.
- Fig. 6 shows in greater detail the end fitting 3 and the anchoring element 27 of this embodiment.
- the end fitting 3 is again formed of two parts.
- An inner part 3C is formed in a ring-shaped or hollow cylindrical shape, and has an internal thread 31, through which the clamping screw 25 can extend.
- Guide grooves are preferably formed along this inner part, which correspond in their contour to the rods 9, as shown in FIG Fig. 6 can be seen.
- the inner part 3C of the end fitting is surrounded by a cup-shaped outer part 3D of the end fitting, wherein the inner diameter of the cup is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner part in the region outside the grooves.
- the cup-shaped outer part 3D is slightly conical, in the direction of the intended tensile load, ie towards the center of the stack of Varistorblöcke 1, runs. Between the rods 9 and the outer part 3D of the end fitting wedges 33 are mounted, which also run towards the center of the stack of the varistor blocks 1.
- one or more cutting blades 29 are formed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rod 9 and are angled at an acute angle against the direction of the intended tensile load towards the center of the stack of the varistor blocks.
- a complementary cutting blade 29A which is also adapted to the shape of the glass fiber reinforced rod 5, may be formed in the guide groove of the inner part 3C of the end fitting, which is not shown in the figures.
- a plurality of cutting blades 29 are formed both on the wedge 33 as well as on the inner part of the end fitting 3.
- the rod 9 When tensile load, the rod 9 is held on the one hand non-positively between the inner part 3C and the outer part 3D of the end fitting by means of the wedge 33. On the other hand, moreover, the rod 9 is held by the cutting blades 29 between the wedge 33 and the rod 9 on the one hand and between the inner part 3 C of the end fitting and the rod 9 on the other hand positively.
- the outer housing 5 is applied made of plastic.
- the inner part 3C of the end fitting is formed with guide grooves 35
- the outer part 3D of the end fitting may be provided with guide grooves, or the guide grooves 35 may be completely omitted. In this case, however, a gap remains between the inner and the outer part of the end fitting, which then has to be filled with the silicone elastomer in forming the housing 5.
- the adhesive may be introduced into the gap between the outer and inner parts of the end fitting until this gap is completely filled with adhesive.
- the invention is not limited to these embodiments.
- the number of cutting blades or cutting rings can be freely adjusted as needed.
- flexible cutting rings in addition to or instead of the positive connection of the cutting ring by cutting into the outer layer of the rods and a frictional connection can be achieved by jamming without damaging the surface of the bars, if no excessive tensile stress is expected.
- the surge arrester is not provided with the directly applied housing 5, but is inserted as a so-called surge arrester with tube design in a tube made of glass fiber reinforced plastic or in a ceramic housing.
- the rods serve only as an additional stabilizing element, so that is to be expected with lower tensile loads.
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Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überspannungsableiter mit Käfig-Design, wie er beispielsweise aus der
Um sicherzustellen, dass auch bei mechanischen Belastungen die Varistorblöcke gut miteinander kontaktieren, ist es erforderlich, den Stapel unter Druck zusammenzuhalten. Bei derartigen Überspannungsableitern mit Käfig-Design erfolgt dies über Verstärkungselemente, in der Regel Stäbe oder Seile, vorzugsweise glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffsstäbe (GFK-Stäbe), die an den beiden Endarmaturen unter Zug gehalten sind.To ensure that the varistor blocks contact each other well even under mechanical loads, it is necessary to hold the stack together under pressure. In such surge arresters with cage design, this is done via reinforcing elements, usually rods or ropes, preferably glass fiber reinforced plastic rods (GRP rods), which are held at the two end fittings under train.
Ein Problem bei derartigen Überspannungsableitern besteht darin, die Verstärkungselemente sicher an den Endarmaturen zu befestigen, so dass auch bei mechanischen Beanspruchungen, wie sie bei im Freien montierten Überspannungsableitern auftreten, die nötige Festigkeit erhalten wird.A problem with such surge arresters is to securely fasten the reinforcing elements to the end fittings, so that the necessary strength is obtained even in the case of mechanical stresses which occur in the case of surge arresters mounted outdoors.
In der genannten japanischen Patentanmeldung wird dieses Problem dadurch gelöst, dass in den Endarmaturen Nuten in Stapelrichtung der Varistorblöcke vorgesehen sind, in die die Verstärkungselemente eingelegt werden, und in dem das Ende der Verstärkungselemente mit einem Gewinde ausgestattet ist, auf das eine Mutter aufgeschraubt wird, die im Durchmesser größer als die Nut in der Endarmatur ist, und so das Verstärkungselement - im wesentlichen durch Formschluss - hält.In the said Japanese patent application, this problem is solved in that in the end fittings grooves in the stacking direction of the varistor blocks are provided, in which the reinforcing elements are inserted, and in which the end of the reinforcing elements is provided with a thread on which a nut is screwed, which is larger in diameter than the groove in the end fitting, and so the reinforcing element - essentially by positive engagement - holds.
Obwohl auf diese Art ein Überspannungsableiter effektiv ausgebildet werden kann, besteht das Problem darin, Gewinde in die als Verstärkungselemente dienenden GFK-Stäbe zu schneiden, ohne diese zu beschädigen. Dies ist aufwendig und teuer.Although a surge arrester can be effectively formed in this way, the problem is to cut threads into the FRP rods used as reinforcing members without damaging them. This is complicated and expensive.
Aus der Druckschrift
Obwohl es wesentlich einfacher ist, ein Loch in der Richtung senkrecht zur Ausdehnungsrichtung der als Verstärkungselemente dienenden GFK-Stäbe auszubilden als ein Gewinde in diese zu schneiden, besteht bei dieser Bauweise die Gefahr, die Verstärkungselemente im Bereich des Loches derart zu schwächen, dass sie reißen.Although it is much easier to form a hole in the direction perpendicular to the direction of expansion of the GFRP rods used as reinforcing elements than to cut a thread therein, there is a risk in this construction of weakening the reinforcing elements in the region of the hole in such a way that they break ,
Die genannte europäische Patentanmeldung zeigt darüber hinaus auch die Möglichkeit, die Verstärkungselemente mit Keilen in der Endarmatur festzulegen. Hierzu wird ein in Richtung der Stapelmittel der Varistorblöcke zulaufender Keil zwischen ein jedes Verstärkungselement und eine entsprechend geneigte Fläche der Endarmatur gebracht und beide zusammen durch einen äußeren Teil der Endarmatur unter radialem Druck zusammengehalten. Bei Zugbeanspruchung auf die Verstärkungselemente werden durch Haftreibung die Keile mitgezogen und sorgen dafür, dass die Verstärkungselemente reib- bzw. kraftschlüssig zwischen dem zugehörigen Keil und der Endarmatur gehalten werden.The said European patent application also shows the possibility of setting the reinforcing elements with wedges in the end fitting. For this purpose, a tapering in the direction of the stacking means of the varistor blocks wedge between each reinforcing element and a corresponding inclined surface of the end fitting is brought and both together held together by an outer part of the end fitting under radial pressure. When tensile stress on the reinforcing elements, the wedges are dragged by friction and ensure that the reinforcing elements frictionally or frictionally held between the associated wedge and the end fitting.
Außerdem zeigt die
Letztlich wird in der
Bei allen vorgenannten Schriften, bei denen die Verstärkungselemente reib- oder kraftschlüssig in der Endarmatur gehalten werden, ist es schwierig, die nötige Zugfestigkeit aufzubringen. Insbesondere bei Biegebelastung des Überspannungsableiters entsteht auf einer Seite des Überspannungsableiters eine sehr starke Zugkraft.In all of the above documents, in which the reinforcing elements frictionally or non-positively held in the end fitting, it is difficult to apply the necessary tensile strength. In particular, when bending load of the surge arrester creates a very strong tensile force on one side of the surge arrester.
Bei den Überspannungsableitern mit Crimphülse gestaltet sich die Herstellung schwierig, da die Crimphülse aufgebracht werden muss, während das Verstärkungselement unter Zug gehalten wird. Auch kann durch das Crimpen der Stab unkontrolliert beschädigt werden.With the crimping surge arresters, manufacturing is difficult because the crimping sleeve must be applied while the reinforcing element is held under tension. Also, crimping can cause uncontrolled damage to the rod.
Bei den Überspannungsableitern, bei denen die Verstärkungselemente durch Schrauben in der Endarmatur gehalten werden, erfordert dies eine beachtliche Schwächung des Verstärkungselementes im Bereich der Schraube.In the surge arresters, in which the reinforcing elements are held by screws in the end fitting, this requires a considerable weakening of the reinforcing element in the region of the screw.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, einen gattungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiter mit Käfig-Design bereitzustellen, der einfach herzustellen ist und ein sicheres Verankern der Verstärkungselemente in den Endarmaturen gewährleistet.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a generic surge arrester with cage design, which is easy to manufacture and ensures a secure anchoring of the reinforcing elements in the end fittings.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche betreffen weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung.This object is achieved by a surge arrester according to claim 1. The dependent claims relate to further advantageous embodiments of the invention.
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung ausführlich unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen beschrieben, in denen zeigt:
- Fig. 1
- eine Gesamtansicht eines gattungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters mit teilweise weggeschnittenem Außengehäuse;
- Fig. 2
- den Käfig eines erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters, mit einer Endarmatur in Explosionsansicht;
- Fig. 3
- eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie A-A in aus
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 4
- das Prinzip eines Verankerungselements mit Schneidring, wie es bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiter nach
Fig. 2 und3 verwendet wird; - Fig. 5
- eine alternative Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters;
- Fig. 6
- eine Detailansicht des Stabs mit Schneidelement nach
Fig. 5 .
- Fig. 1
- an overall view of a generic surge arrester with partially cutaway outer housing;
- Fig. 2
- the cage of a surge arrester according to the invention, with an end fitting in an exploded view;
- Fig. 3
- a sectional view taken along the line AA in
Fig. 2 ; - Fig. 4
- the principle of an anchoring element with cutting ring, as in the surge arrester according to the invention after
Fig. 2 and3 is used; - Fig. 5
- an alternative embodiment of the surge arrester according to the invention;
- Fig. 6
- a detailed view of the rod with cutting element after
Fig. 5 ,
Der in
Gängige Varistorblöcke 1 sind als Kreiszylinder mit einem Durchmesser von beispielsweise 5 cm und einer Höhe von etwa 4 cm ausgebildet. An beiden Seiten der Varistorblöcke 1 sind nicht detailliert gezeigte Aluminiumelektroden aufgebracht, um eine bessere Kontaktierung sicherzustellen. Auch ist es üblich zwischen die Varistorblöcke 1 zur weiteren Verbesserung der Kontaktierung ebenfalls nicht gezeigte dünne Aluminiumscheiben zu legen.Common varistor blocks 1 are formed as circular cylinders with a diameter of for example 5 cm and a height of about 4 cm. On both sides of the varistor blocks 1 aluminum electrodes not shown in detail are applied to ensure a better contact. It is also customary between the Varistorblöcke 1 to further improve the contact also not shown thin aluminum discs.
Ein durch Aufeinanderstapeln derartiger Varistorblöcke 1 und eventueller Metallblöcke gebildeter Stapel ist bei dem in
Zum Schutz gegenüber der Umwelt werden diese Überspannungsableiter mit einem äußeren Gehäuse 5, oft aus Silikon, umgeben. Das Gehäuse kann durch Spritzen oder Gießen gebildet werden.To protect against the environment, these surge arresters are surrounded by an
Zur Vergrößerung des Kriechweges des Stroms sind an der Außenseite des Gehäuses 5 Schirme 7 ausgebildet.To increase the creepage path of the current 5 screens 7 are formed on the outside of the housing.
Wie dargelegt wurde, sind derartige Überspannungsableiter erheblichen Biegemomenten ausgesetzt, wenn sie in der freien Umgebung verwendet werden. Es ist daher erforderlich, sicherzustellen, dass auch bei größeren mechanischen Beanspruchungen die Kontaktierung der Varistorblöcke 1 untereinander und zu den Endarmaturen beibehalten wird. Um dies zu erreichen werden regelmäßig glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffstäbe oder Seile 9 als Verstärkungselemente zwischen den beiden Endarmaturen 3 eingespannt. Diese halten die Varistorblöcke 1 zwischen den beiden Endarmaturen 3 unter Zugbeanspruchung zusammen. Des weiteren werden gelegentlich noch Federelemente in den Stapel der Varistorblöcke 1 eingefügt, um so auch bei Temperaturschwankungen oder ähnlichem die Kontaktierung zu sichern.As stated, such surge arresters are subject to significant bending moments when used in the free environment. It is therefore necessary to ensure that the contacting of the varistor blocks 1 with each other and with the end fittings is maintained even with larger mechanical stresses. To achieve this glass fiber reinforced plastic rods or
Im folgenden werden die Verstärkungselemente als Stäbe 9 bezeichnet, ohne dass hierin eine Beschränkung der Erfindung zu sehen wäre.Hereinafter, the reinforcing elements will be referred to as
In
Die Endarmatur 3 selbst enthält ein erstes Teil 3A und ein zweites Teil 3B. Das erste Teil 3A weist acht Durchgangslöcher 11 für die glasfaserverstärkten Stäbe 9 und ebenfalls acht Gewindelöcher 13A für Spannschrauben 15 auf, wobei die Durchgangslöcher 11 und die Gewindelöcher 13A entlang des Umfangs des ersten Teils 3A der Endarmatur im Wechsel angeordnet sind. Die genaue Zahl der Spannschraubenverbindungen und auch der Stäbe 9 ist nach Bedarf vom Fachmann zu wählen. Prinzipiell ist es möglich mit nur einer Spannschraube und/oder nur einem (zentralen) Stab auszukommen, beispielsweise wenn die Varistorblöcke 1 als Ringe ausgebildet sind. Bevorzugt sind jedoch Anordnungen bei denen drei oder mehr Stäbe entlang des Umfangs der Endarmatur verteilt sind, und bei denen die Varistorblöcke 1 als (kreis-)zylindrische Scheiben vorliegen.The end fitting 3 itself contains a
Das zweite Teil 3B hat bei der in
Das erste Teil 3A der Endarmatur 3 ist als Ring ausgebildet mit einem mittleren Durchgang 19. Das zweite Teil 3B weist in seiner Mittel ein Führungsrohr 21 auf, das in den Ring des ersten Teils 3A eingreifen kann. Das Führungsrohr 21 selbst ist an seiner Innenseite mit einem Innengewinde 23 versehen, in das eine weitere große Schraube 25 bzw. ein Bolzen eingeschraubt werden kann, die nach der Montage den Stapel der Varistorblöcke 1 fest zusammenpresst, wobei die Stäbe mit Zug belastet sind.The
An jedem Stab 9 ist an jedem Ende ein Verankerungselement 27 angebracht. Dieses Verankerungselement 27 ist fest mit dem Stab 9 verbunden, und stellt sicher, dass bei Zugbelastung der Stab 9 fest in der Endarmatur 3 verankert bleibt.On each
In
In
Die Ausnehmung 17 im zweiten Teil 3B der Endarmatur ist ebenfalls mit einem weiten ersten Abschnitt auf der offenen, dem ersten Teils 3B zugewandten Seite und mit einem konisch zulaufenden Abschnitt am geschlossenen Ende ausgestattet. Die Abmessungen der Ausnehmung 17 und des Durchgangslochs 11 sind derart, dass sie das Verankerungselement 27 formschlüssig aufnehmen können. Dies ist unten in
Als Verankerungselement 27 kann beispielsweise eine handelsübliche "Ermeto-Verschraubung" verwendet werden, wie sie seit den 30er Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts bekannt ist Derartige Ermeto-Verschraubungen werden in der Technik zur Verbindung von Hydraulikrohren eingesetzt und sind u.a. von der Firma Parker-Ermeto kommerziell erhältlich.As anchoring
Das Verankerungselement 27 weist dabei mindestens eine Kante 29 auf, die an dem Stab 9 anliegt und entgegen der Richtung der Zugbelastung geneigt ist.The anchoring
Das Verankerungselement 27 besteht in der gezeigten Ausführungsform aus drei Teilen. Einem ersten Schneidringelement 27A, einer Verspannhülse 27B und einem zweiten Schneidringelement 27C. Die beiden Schneidringelemente 27A und 27C sind in der gezeigten Ausführungsform baugleich und bestehen aus einer Hülse, deren Innendurchmesser an den Außendurchmesser des Stabs 9 angepasst ist. An der Innenseite der Hülse der Schneidringelemente 27A, 27C sind bei der gezeigten Ausführungsform jeweils zwei Schneidringe 29 oder Kanten ausgebildet, die im Einsatz in die Oberfläche des Stabs 9 einschneiden. Die Kanten sind vorzugsweise entgegen der Richtung der beabsichtigten Zugbelastung geneigt. Das Material der Schneidringelemente 27A, 27C weißt eine gewisse Elastizität auf. Es ist möglich den Schneidring mit einem Schlitz zu versehen.The anchoring
Die Außenkontur der Schneidringelemente 27A, 27C ist konisch im Bereich der Schneidringe. wobei der Durchmesser in Richtung der beabsichtigten Zugbelastung zunimmt.The outer contour of the cutting
Die Verspannhülse 27B hat eine konisch zulaufende innere Form, die komplementär zur Außenkontur der Schneidringelemente 27A, 27C ist. Wenn die Verspannhülse 27B und ein Schneidringelement 27A in Eingriff gebracht und in axialer Richtung des Stabs 9 zusammengeschoben werden, werden die Schneidringe aufgrund der komplementären Neigungen der Außenkontur des Schneidringelements 27A und der Innenform der Verspannhülse 27B zum Einschneiden in den Stab 9 getrieben. Aufgrund der Winkelstellung des bzw. der Schneidringe entsteht so eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Stab 9 und dem Schneidring, die sich bei Zugbelastung des Stabs immer weiter zuzieht und umso fester hält. Dieses wohlbekannte Schneidringprinzip, dass seit den dreißiger Jahren für Verbindung von Hydraulikrohren verwendet wird, sichert einen ausgezeichneten Halt des Verankerungselementes 27 am Stab 9 unter Zugbelastung.The bracing
In
In
An dem in Richtung der beabsichtigten Zugbelastung zugewandten Ende der Schneidringelemente 27A, 27C ist das Schneidringelement 27A, 27C innen glatt ausgeformt und wird in der Außenkontur durch einen zweiten, relativ steilen Konus abgeschlossen, wobei der Durchmesser in Richtung der beabsichtigten Zugbelastung abnimmt.At the end of the cutting
Diesem zweiten Konus ist ein korrespondierender Abschnitt der Verspannhülse 27B bzw. des Durchgangslochs 11 des ersten Teils 3A der Endarmatur 3 zugeordnet. Durch axiales Verspannen des Schneidringelements 27C und der Verspannhülse 27B bzw. des Schneidringelements 27A und des ersten Teils 3A der Endarmatur 3 entsteht durch diese Formgebung eine Verformung des Schneidringelements 27A, 27C, was zu einer kraftschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen dem Schneidringelement 27A, 27B und dem Stab 9 führt. In der Technik der Schneidring für Rohrverbindungen wird dies zur zusätzlichen Abdichtung gegenüber einer Hydraulikflüssigkeit verwendet.This second cone is assigned a corresponding section of the bracing
Obwohl auch diese kraftschlüssig Verbindung zum Halten des Stab 9 in dem Verankerungselement 27 beiträgt, ist dies für die Erfindung von untergeordneter Bedeutung und kann auch ganz entfallen. Beispielsweise kann auf den zweiten Konus des Schneidringelements 27A, 27C verzichtet werden. Auch die Verspannhülse 27B und das Durchgangsloch 11 können dann ohne den komplementären zweiten Konus ausgebildet sein, beispielsweise mit einer einfachen Schulter bzw. Stufe.Although this non-positively contributes to the holding of the
Mit dieser Schneidringverbindung kann eine zur Schwächung des Stab 9 führende ernsthafte Beschädigung vermieden werden, da die Schneidringe 29 nicht sehr tief in den Stab 9 einschneiden. Darüber hinaus können, wie es in
Zur Montage des erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters, wie er in den
Auf einer Seite des Stapels werden die Stäbe 9 auf eine einheitliche Länge gebracht und die Verankerungselemente 27 aufgeschoben. Anschließend wird auf dieser Seite das zweite Teil 3B der Endarmatur aufgebracht. Mittels der ersten Spannschrauben 15, die sich durch die durchgehenden Löcher 13 in dem zweiten Teil 3B der Endarmatur erstrecken und in die Gewindelöcher 13A in dem ersten Teil 3A der Endarmatur eingreifen, werden die ersten und zweiten Teile 3A, 3B der Endarmatur gegeneinander fest verspannt. Wie es in
Anschließend wird durch die mittlere Öffnung der Endarmatur die Spannschraube 25 geschraubt, die an den Varistorblöcken 1 bzw. einer zwischen dem obersten Varistorblock 1 und der Endarmatur 3 liegenden Steuerscheibe aus Aluminium oder Edelstahl anliegt.Subsequently, the clamping
Darauf folgend werden auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Varistorstapels die Stäbe 5 mit den Verankerungselementen 27 versehen.Subsequently, the
Auch hier wird der zweite Teil 3B der Endarmatur 3 aufgebracht und mit den ersten Spannschrauben 11 gegen den ersten Teil 3A, wie bereits diskutiert, verspannt.Again, the
Eine zweite große Spannschraube 25 wird durch das mittlere Gewinde der Endarmatur 3 getrieben, so dass sie an einer korrespondierenden Steuerscheibe oder dem obersten Varistorblock anliegt. Mit einem Drehmomentschlüssel werden die untere und obere mittlere großen Spannschrauben 25 angezogen, so dass der Stapel Varistorblöcke mit einem definierten Druck zusammengehalten wird.A second large clamping
Anschließend wird der so gebildete Käfig mit einem Außengehäuse versehen. Dies geschieht vorteilhafterweise durch Umspritzen bzw. Umgießen des Stapels von Varistorblöcken, der Stäbe 9 und der Endarmaturen 3. Als Material für das Kunststoffaußengehäuse hat sich ein niederviskoses Silikon als geeignet erwiesen. Derartige niederviskose Silikone sind im Handel erhältlich, und wurden auch bereits beim Stand der Technik für Gehäuse eingesetzt.Subsequently, the cage thus formed is provided with an outer housing. This is advantageously done by encapsulation or encapsulation of the stack of Varistorblöcken, the
Gleichzeitig mit dem Ausbilden des Gehäuses 5 können die Schirme 7 angegossen werden. Alternativ dazu ist es möglich, das Gehäuse zunächst zylindrisch auszugestalten und die Schirme 7 separat herzustellen. Die Schirme 7 können dann durch mechanisches Entspannen bzw. durch Kleben am Gehäuse 5 angebracht werden. Das separate Aufbringen der Schirme 7 stellt zwar einen zusätzlichen Arbeitsgang dar, der die Kosten des Überspannungsableiters erhöht, aber auf diese Art können Längsnähte entlang des Überspannungsableiters vermieden werden, an denen sich aufgrund von Verschmutzungen Kriechströme entwickeln können.Simultaneously with the formation of the
Im Gegensatz zu der Ausführungsform aus den
Bei Verwendung derartiger beispielsweise kreissegmentförmiger glasfaserverstärkter Stäbe 9 muss das Prinzip der Schneidringverbindung allerdings dahingehend abgewandelt werden, dass anstelle eines durchgehenden, den Stab umfassenden, Schneidrings eine oder mehrere Schneidklingen 31, die in ihrer Kontur dem Stab 9 angepasst sind, vorgesehen sind. Dies ist im Schnitt in
Bei der Ausführungsform aus
An der dem Stab 9 zugewandten Seite des Keils 33 ist quer zur Längsrichtung des Stabs 9 eine oder mehrere Schneidklingen 29 ausgebildet, die im spitzen Winkel entgegen der Richtung der beabsichtigten Zugbelastung, hin zur Mitte des Stapels der Varistorblöcke, gewinkelt sind. Eine komplementäre Schneidklinge 29A, die ebenfalls an die Form des glasfaserverstärkten Stabs 5 angepasst ist, kann in der Führungsnut des inneren Teils 3C der Endarmatur ausgebildet sein, wobei dies in den Figuren nicht dargestellt ist.On the side of the
Vorzugsweise sind mehrere Schneidklingen 29 sowohl auf dem Keil 33 wie auch auf dem inneren Teil der Endarmatur 3 ausgebildet.Preferably, a plurality of cutting
Bei Zugbelastung wird der Stab 9 einerseits kraftschlüssig zwischen dem inneren Teil 3C und dem äußeren Teil 3D der Endarmatur mittels des Keils 33 gehalten. Andererseits wird darüber hinaus der Stab 9 durch die Schneidklingen 29 zwischen dem Keil 33 und dem Stab 9 einerseits und zwischen dem inneren Teil 3C der Endarmatur und dem Stab 9 andererseits formschlüssig gehalten.When tensile load, the
Der Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform gegenüber den Ausführungsformen aus den
Wie bei der Ausführungsform aus den
Obwohl bei der Ausführungsform aus
Entsprechend einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist es möglich, zusätzlich einen Kleber zur weiteren Befestigung der Stäbe 9 in den Endarmaturen anzuwenden. Beispielsweise kann bei der zuletzt diskutierten Ausführungsform in den Spalt zwischen dem äußeren und dem inneren Teil der Endarmatur der Klebstoff eingefüllt werden, bis dieser Spalt vollständig mit Klebstoff gefüllt ist.According to a further advantageous embodiment, it is possible to additionally apply an adhesive for further attachment of the
Obwohl die bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung voranstehend beschrieben wurden, ist die Erfindung nicht auf diese Ausführungsformen beschränkt. Insbesondere kann die Zahl der Schneidklingen bzw. Schneidringe nach Bedarf frei eingestellt werden. Durch das Verwenden von biegsamen Schneidringen kann zusätzlich oder anstatt der formschlüssigen Verbindung des Schneidrings durch Einschneiden in die äußere Schicht der Stäbe auch eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung durch Verklemmen ohne Beschädigung der Oberfläche der Stäbe erzielt werden, wenn keine übermäßige Zugbeanspruchung erwartet wird. Dies ist beispielsweise dann gegeben wenn der Überspannungsableiter nicht mit dem direkt aufgebrachten Gehäuse 5 versehen wird, sonder als sogenannter Überspannungsableiter mit Rohr-Design in ein Rohr aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff oder in ein Keramikgehäuse eingeschoben wird. In diesem Fall wird ein wesentlicher Teil der mechanischen Kräfte bereits durch das Rohr aufgenommen, und die Stäbe dienen nur als zusätzliches Stabilisierungselement, so dass mit geringeren Zugbelastungen zu rechnen ist.Although the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described above, the invention is not limited to these embodiments. In particular, the number of cutting blades or cutting rings can be freely adjusted as needed. By using flexible cutting rings in addition to or instead of the positive connection of the cutting ring by cutting into the outer layer of the rods and a frictional connection can be achieved by jamming without damaging the surface of the bars, if no excessive tensile stress is expected. This is for example given when the surge arrester is not provided with the directly applied
Obwohl bei den gezeigten Ausführungsformen die Verankerung der Stäbe an den Endarmaturen auf beiden Seiten des Stapels von Varistorblöcken jeweils auf die gleiche Art erfolgte, ist dies nicht zwingend. Beispielsweise können anstelle von glasfaserverstärkten Stäben auch Seile verwendet werden, wobei diese bei einer der Endarmaturen zur Verankerung über eine Schulter geführt werden, und nur bei der gegenüberliegenden Endarmatur mit erfindungsgemäßen Verankerungselementen befestigt werden.Although in the embodiments shown, the anchoring of the rods to the end fittings on both sides of the stack of Varistorblöcken was done in each case in the same way, this is not mandatory. For example, ropes can be used instead of glass fiber reinforced rods, which are guided in one of the end fittings for anchoring over a shoulder, and are fastened only with the opposite end fitting with anchoring elements according to the invention.
Claims (11)
- Surge protector, comprising: at least one varistor block (1); at least one end fitting (3); at least one reinforcing element (9) which holds the varistor block (1) rigidly on the end fitting (3), said reinforcing element (9) being a glass-fibre-reinforced plastics material rod or a cable; at least one anchoring element (27) which holds the reinforcing element (9) rigidly on the end fitting (3); characterised in that the anchoring element (27) has at least one edge (29) which cuts into the reinforcing element (9).
- Surge protector according to claim 1, characterised in that the varistor block or varistor blocks are formed from a metal oxide, preferably ZnO.
- Surge protector according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the end fitting (3) or end fittings (3) are formed from a metal, preferably aluminium.
- Surge protector according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the surge protector has a housing (5) with screens (7).
- Surge protector according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the reinforcing element (9) holds the end fitting (3) and the varistor block (1) together with a tensile load.
- Surge protector according to claim 5, characterised in that the edge (29) of the anchoring element (27) is a cutting ring, which surrounds the glass-fibre-reinforced plastics material rod or the cable and cuts into the surface thereof.
- Surge protector according to claim 5, characterised in that the anchoring element (27) is a wedge (33) which cooperates with a corresponding inclined surface on the end fitting (3), the edge (29) being formed as a cutting blade on the side of the wedge (33) which faces the reinforcing element (9), and cutting into the reinforcing element (9) when subjected to a tensile load by the wedge (33) and the inclined surface.
- Surge protector according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a plurality of edges (29) are formed on one anchoring element (27) and cooperate with the reinforcing element (9).
- Surge protector according to claim 1, characterised in that the anchoring element (27) is connected in an interlocking manner to the reinforcing element (9) and to the end fitting (3).
- Surge protector according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the edge (29) cuts into the anchoring element (27) in the opposite direction from the tensile load.
- Surge protector according to claim 7, characterised in that the reinforcing element is a tubular segment composed of a glass-fibre-reinforced plastics material.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005024206A DE102005024206B4 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2005-05-25 | Surge arrester with cage design |
PCT/EP2006/062433 WO2006125753A1 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-18 | Surge arrester with a cage embodiment |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1883934A1 EP1883934A1 (en) | 2008-02-06 |
EP1883934B1 true EP1883934B1 (en) | 2009-04-15 |
EP1883934B2 EP1883934B2 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
Family
ID=36790754
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06755259A Not-in-force EP1883934B2 (en) | 2005-05-25 | 2006-05-18 | Surge arrester with a cage embodiment |
Country Status (10)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US8446703B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1883934B2 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2008543036A (en) |
KR (1) | KR100910296B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101208759A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE429019T1 (en) |
BR (1) | BRPI0608130A2 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102005024206B4 (en) |
RU (1) | RU2370842C2 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006125753A1 (en) |
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DE102007048986B4 (en) * | 2007-10-12 | 2011-02-03 | Tridelta Überspannungsableiter Gmbh | Surge arresters |
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DE102008057232A1 (en) * | 2008-11-11 | 2010-05-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Surge arrester with a varistor element and method for producing a surge arrester |
DE102009007067A1 (en) * | 2009-01-29 | 2010-08-05 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Impedance arrangement with a first fitting body |
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DE102011078210A1 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Surge arresters |
DE102011078207A1 (en) * | 2011-06-28 | 2013-01-03 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Surge arresters |
DE102011088072A1 (en) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-13 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Surge arresters |
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JP2013239651A (en) * | 2012-05-16 | 2013-11-28 | Mitsubishi Electric Corp | Arrester |
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DE102015007707B4 (en) * | 2015-06-17 | 2017-03-23 | Tridelta Überspannungsableiter Gmbh | End fitting for a surge arrester and surge arrester with such an end fitting |
EP3144942B1 (en) | 2015-09-18 | 2018-02-21 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Surge arrester |
DE102016206176A1 (en) | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Surge arresters |
DE102016218533A1 (en) * | 2016-09-27 | 2018-03-29 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Clamping device for a surge arrester, manufacturing process and surge arrester |
DE102018203893A1 (en) | 2018-03-14 | 2019-09-19 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Surge arrester and method for mounting a surge arrester |
US11251595B2 (en) | 2018-07-03 | 2022-02-15 | Erico International Corporation | Lightning protection system and method |
RU190603U1 (en) * | 2019-02-18 | 2019-07-04 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Кубанский государственный аграрный университет им. И.Т. Трубилина" | Traverse overhead power lines |
RU200683U1 (en) * | 2020-08-07 | 2020-11-05 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "НИЛЕД" | Overhead power line traverse |
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-
2005
- 2005-05-25 DE DE102005024206A patent/DE102005024206B4/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2006
- 2006-05-18 AT AT06755259T patent/ATE429019T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-05-18 BR BRPI0608130-4A patent/BRPI0608130A2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-05-18 JP JP2008512813A patent/JP2008543036A/en active Pending
- 2006-05-18 RU RU2007148752/09A patent/RU2370842C2/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-05-18 CN CNA2006800157660A patent/CN101208759A/en active Pending
- 2006-05-18 KR KR1020077025895A patent/KR100910296B1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-05-18 EP EP06755259A patent/EP1883934B2/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2006-05-18 DE DE502006003457T patent/DE502006003457D1/en active Active
- 2006-05-18 WO PCT/EP2006/062433 patent/WO2006125753A1/en active Application Filing
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2007
- 2007-11-26 US US11/944,959 patent/US8446703B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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RU2370842C2 (en) | 2009-10-20 |
KR100910296B1 (en) | 2009-08-03 |
ATE429019T1 (en) | 2009-05-15 |
DE102005024206B4 (en) | 2007-03-15 |
EP1883934A1 (en) | 2008-02-06 |
BRPI0608130A2 (en) | 2009-11-17 |
KR20080005411A (en) | 2008-01-11 |
DE502006003457D1 (en) | 2009-05-28 |
CN101208759A (en) | 2008-06-25 |
JP2008543036A (en) | 2008-11-27 |
US8446703B2 (en) | 2013-05-21 |
US20080088406A1 (en) | 2008-04-17 |
RU2007148752A (en) | 2009-07-10 |
WO2006125753A1 (en) | 2006-11-30 |
DE102005024206A1 (en) | 2006-12-07 |
EP1883934B2 (en) | 2012-12-26 |
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