EP1883934B1 - Surge arrester with a cage embodiment - Google Patents

Surge arrester with a cage embodiment Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1883934B1
EP1883934B1 EP06755259A EP06755259A EP1883934B1 EP 1883934 B1 EP1883934 B1 EP 1883934B1 EP 06755259 A EP06755259 A EP 06755259A EP 06755259 A EP06755259 A EP 06755259A EP 1883934 B1 EP1883934 B1 EP 1883934B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
end fitting
surge protector
reinforcing element
protector according
anchoring element
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Not-in-force
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EP06755259A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1883934A1 (en
EP1883934B2 (en
Inventor
Hartmut Klaube
Hubert Lauritsch
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Tridelta Ueberspannungsableiter GmbH
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Tridelta Ueberspannungsableiter GmbH
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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C7/00Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors
    • H01C7/12Overvoltage protection resistors
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01CRESISTORS
    • H01C7/00Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material
    • H01C7/10Non-adjustable resistors formed as one or more layers or coatings; Non-adjustable resistors made from powdered conducting material or powdered semi-conducting material with or without insulating material voltage responsive, i.e. varistors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a surge arrester with cage design, as for example from the JP 63 312 602 is known.
  • Surge arresters are connected in power supply systems between live lines and ground to derive in the event of an overvoltage in the line this to ground and to protect other components of the power grid.
  • Such a surge arrester contains a stack of varistor blocks, which is held between two connection elements. This arrangement is accommodated in a housing.
  • GRP rods glass fiber reinforced plastic rods
  • a problem with such surge arresters is to securely fasten the reinforcing elements to the end fittings, so that the necessary strength is obtained even in the case of mechanical stresses which occur in the case of surge arresters mounted outdoors.
  • this problem is solved in that in the end fittings grooves in the stacking direction of the varistor blocks are provided, in which the reinforcing elements are inserted, and in which the end of the reinforcing elements is provided with a thread on which a nut is screwed, which is larger in diameter than the groove in the end fitting, and so the reinforcing element - essentially by positive engagement - holds.
  • reinforcing elements can be anchored to the end fittings of a surge arrester.
  • this document proposes to hold the reinforcing elements by a pin or a screw which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing elements and is guided through a through hole by the rods. The pin or the screw are then held in a corresponding recess or a threaded hole in the end fitting.
  • the said European patent application also shows the possibility of setting the reinforcing elements with wedges in the end fitting.
  • a tapering in the direction of the stacking means of the varistor blocks wedge between each reinforcing element and a corresponding inclined surface of the end fitting is brought and both together held together by an outer part of the end fitting under radial pressure.
  • the wedges are dragged by friction and ensure that the reinforcing elements frictionally or frictionally held between the associated wedge and the end fitting.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a generic surge arrester with cage design, which is easy to manufacture and ensures a secure anchoring of the reinforcing elements in the end fittings.
  • the in Fig. 1 Cage design surge arresters shown include at least one varistor block 1.
  • varistor blocks known ceramic disks having a variable resistor can be used. At low voltages they work as near-perfect insulators, while at high voltages they have good conductivity.
  • Commercially available varistor blocks are manufactured on the basis of zinc oxide (ZnO). However, the invention is not limited to such zinc oxide surge arresters, and other metal oxides as well as silicon carbide may be used for the varistor block, for example.
  • further blocks, such as metal blocks, or spark gap blocks may be included in the stack so as to adapt the length of the surge arrester to the requirements of the particular application.
  • Common varistor blocks 1 are formed as circular cylinders with a diameter of for example 5 cm and a height of about 4 cm. On both sides of the varistor blocks 1 aluminum electrodes not shown in detail are applied to ensure a better contact. It is also customary between the Varistorblöcke 1 to further improve the contact also not shown thin aluminum discs.
  • FIG Fig. 1 A stack formed by stacking such varistor blocks 1 and any metal blocks is shown in FIG Fig. 1 shown surge arrester between two end fittings 3 held.
  • the end fittings 3 are usually formed of aluminum or stainless steel and designed so that they can be easily integrated into existing electrical installations or power grids, for example by a projecting from the surge arrester central screw 4, which makes good contact with the Varistorblöcken 1 well.
  • surge arresters are surrounded by an outer housing 5, often made of silicone.
  • the housing can be formed by spraying or pouring.
  • rods 9 the reinforcing elements will be referred to as rods 9, without any limitation of the invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows the "cage" of a surge arrester of a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the varistor blocks 1 and other components of the stack have been omitted.
  • One of the two end fittings 3 is shown exploded to illustrate the embodiment.
  • a sectional view along the line AA is in Fig. 3 shown.
  • rods 9 are arranged at regular angular intervals along the circumference of the end fittings 3.
  • the end fitting 3 itself contains a first part 3A and a second part 3B.
  • the first part 3A has eight through-holes 11 for the glass-fiber reinforced rods 9 and also eight threaded holes 13A for clamping screws 15, wherein the through holes 11 and the threaded holes 13A are alternately arranged along the circumference of the first part 3A of the end fitting.
  • the exact number of the clamping screw connections and also the rods 9 should be selected by the person skilled in the art as required. In principle, it is possible to use only one clamping screw and / or only one (central) rod, for example when the varistor blocks 1 are designed as rings. However, arrangements are preferred in which three or more rods are distributed along the circumference of the end fitting, and in which the varistor blocks 1 are present as (circular) cylindrical disks.
  • the second part 3B has at the in Fig. 2 and 3 shown embodiment eight corresponding through holes 13 for the clamping screws 15 and eight only one side open recesses 17 for receiving the upper ends of the rods.
  • the first part 3A of the end fitting 3 is formed as a ring with a central passage 19.
  • the second part 3B has in its center a guide tube 21 which can engage in the ring of the first part 3A.
  • the guide tube 21 itself is provided on its inside with an internal thread 23, in which a further large screw 25 and a bolt can be screwed, which after assembly the Stacks of Varistorblöcke 1 firmly pressed, the rods are loaded with train.
  • an anchoring element 27 is attached at each end. This anchoring element 27 is firmly connected to the rod 9, and ensures that under tensile load, the rod 9 remains firmly anchored in the end fitting 3.
  • Fig. 3 and 4 one of these anchoring elements 27 is shown in section. In addition, it is shown how this anchoring element 27 cooperates in this preferred embodiment with the second part 3B and the first part 3A of the end fitting.
  • the through hole 13 in the first part 3A of the end fitting has a first narrow portion on the side of the varistor blocks 1 and a second further portion on the side of the second part 3B, which are interconnected via a conical portion.
  • a simple shoulder or step can also be used.
  • the through hole 11 is to be formed so as to closely surround the rod 9 in its narrow portion, and to partially receive the anchoring element 27 in its wide portion.
  • the conical section or the shoulder is designed to be complementary to the outer contour of the anchoring element 27, in order to allow a firm and secure form-fitting support of the anchoring element 27 in the end fitting 3.
  • the recess 17 in the second part 3B of the end fitting is also provided with a wide first portion on the open side facing the first part 3B and with a tapered portion on the closed end.
  • the dimensions of the recess 17 and the through hole 11 are such that they can receive the anchoring element 27 in a form-fitting manner. This is below in Fig. 3 shown.
  • anchoring element 27 for example, a commercial "Ermeto screw” can be used, as it has been known since the 30s of the last century
  • Ermeto fittings are used in the art for connecting hydraulic pipes and are commercially available, inter alia, from the company Parker-Ermeto.
  • the anchoring element 27 has at least one edge 29 which rests against the rod 9 and is inclined against the direction of the tensile load.
  • Fig. 4 shows a detailed view of an anchoring element 27 according to the invention according to this embodiment.
  • the anchoring element 27 consists in the embodiment shown of three parts.
  • the two cutting ring elements 27A and 27C are identical in construction in the embodiment shown and consist of a sleeve whose inner diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of the rod 9.
  • On the inside of the sleeve of the cutting ring elements 27A, 27C, two cutting rings 29 or edges are formed in the embodiment shown, which cut into the surface of the rod 9 in use. The edges are preferably inclined against the direction of the intended tensile load.
  • the material of the cutting ring elements 27A, 27C have a certain elasticity. It is possible to provide the cutting ring with a slot.
  • the outer contour of the cutting ring elements 27A, 27C is conical in the region of the cutting rings. wherein the diameter increases in the direction of the intended tensile load.
  • the bracing sleeve 27B has a tapered inner shape that is complementary to the outer contour of the cutting ring members 27A, 27C.
  • the grommet 27B and a cutting ring member 27A are engaged and pushed together in the axial direction of the rod 9, the cutting rings are driven to be cut into the rod 9 due to the complementary inclinations of the outer contour of the cutting ring member 27A and the inner shape of the grommet 27B. Due to the angular position of the or the cutting rings so creates a positive connection between the rod 9 and the cutting ring, which continues to tighten as the rod is subjected to tension and holds it all the tighter.
  • This well-known cutting ring principle used since the thirties for connection of hydraulic pipes, ensures excellent retention of the anchoring element 27 on the rod 9 under tensile load.
  • a second cutting ring element 27C is shown. No separate clamping sleeve is provided for this cutting ring element 27C since this task is taken over by the recess 17 of the second part 3B of the end fitting.
  • Each cutting ring element 27A, 27C has two cutting rings 29. Designs with only one cutting ring or with three or more cutting rings are also possible.
  • the cutting ring element 27A, 27C is formed smooth inside and is closed in the outer contour by a second, relatively steep cone, the diameter decreasing in the direction of the intended tensile load.
  • This second cone is assigned a corresponding section of the bracing sleeve 27B or of the through hole 11 of the first part 3A of the end fitting 3.
  • the second cone of the cutting ring element 27A, 27C can be dispensed with.
  • the Clamping sleeve 27B and the through hole 11 may then be formed without the complementary second cone, for example with a simple shoulder or step.
  • a serious damage leading to the weakening of the rod 9 can be avoided since the cutting rings 29 do not cut very deeply into the rod 9.
  • a plurality of cutting rings 29 may be arranged one behind the other.
  • a stack of varistor blocks 1 and optionally metal blocks between the first annular parts 3A of two end fittings 3 is arranged. Subsequently, the rods 9 are guided through the provided for this purpose in the first parts 3A of the end fittings 3 through holes 11.
  • the rods 9 are brought to a uniform length and the anchoring elements 27 are pushed. Subsequently, the second part 3B of the end fitting is applied on this side.
  • the first clamping screws 15 which extend through the through holes 13 in the second part 3B of the end fitting and engage in the threaded holes 13A in the first part 3A of the end fitting, the first and second parts 3A, 3B of the end fitting are firmly clamped against each other.
  • the two parts of the end fitting are formed so that they receive the anchoring elements 27 completely in the corresponding recesses and enclose them.
  • clamping screw 25 is screwed through the central opening of the end fitting, which rests against the Varistorblöcken 1 and a lying between the uppermost Varistorblock 1 and the end fitting 3 control disc made of aluminum or stainless steel.
  • the rods 5 are provided with the anchoring elements 27 on the opposite side of the Varistorstapels.
  • a second large clamping screw 25 is driven by the central thread of the end fitting 3, so that it rests against a corresponding control disk or the uppermost varistor block. With a torque wrench, the lower and upper middle large clamping screws 25 are tightened, so that the stack of varistor blocks is held together with a defined pressure.
  • the cage thus formed is provided with an outer housing.
  • This is advantageously done by encapsulation or encapsulation of the stack of Varistorblöcken, the rods 9 and the end fittings 3.
  • a low-viscosity silicone has been found suitable. Such low-viscosity silicones are commercially available, and have also been used in the prior art for housing.
  • the umbrellas 7 can be cast.
  • the screens 7 can then be attached to the housing 5 by mechanical relaxation or by gluing.
  • the separate application of the screens 7 is an additional operation, which increases the cost of the surge arrester, but in this way longitudinal seams along the surge arrester can be avoided, where can develop leakage due to contamination creepage.
  • Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the surge arrester according to the invention.
  • rods 9 are not circular in cross section.
  • rods 9 are adapted in shape to the outer contour of the stack of Varistorblöcken 1.
  • the outer housing 5 of the surge arrester can be made thinner overall, since the rods 9 at the same Tensile strength have a smaller thickness. This is advantageous insofar as the low-viscosity silicone is expensive.
  • Fig. 6 shows in greater detail the end fitting 3 and the anchoring element 27 of this embodiment.
  • the end fitting 3 is again formed of two parts.
  • An inner part 3C is formed in a ring-shaped or hollow cylindrical shape, and has an internal thread 31, through which the clamping screw 25 can extend.
  • Guide grooves are preferably formed along this inner part, which correspond in their contour to the rods 9, as shown in FIG Fig. 6 can be seen.
  • the inner part 3C of the end fitting is surrounded by a cup-shaped outer part 3D of the end fitting, wherein the inner diameter of the cup is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner part in the region outside the grooves.
  • the cup-shaped outer part 3D is slightly conical, in the direction of the intended tensile load, ie towards the center of the stack of Varistorblöcke 1, runs. Between the rods 9 and the outer part 3D of the end fitting wedges 33 are mounted, which also run towards the center of the stack of the varistor blocks 1.
  • one or more cutting blades 29 are formed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rod 9 and are angled at an acute angle against the direction of the intended tensile load towards the center of the stack of the varistor blocks.
  • a complementary cutting blade 29A which is also adapted to the shape of the glass fiber reinforced rod 5, may be formed in the guide groove of the inner part 3C of the end fitting, which is not shown in the figures.
  • a plurality of cutting blades 29 are formed both on the wedge 33 as well as on the inner part of the end fitting 3.
  • the rod 9 When tensile load, the rod 9 is held on the one hand non-positively between the inner part 3C and the outer part 3D of the end fitting by means of the wedge 33. On the other hand, moreover, the rod 9 is held by the cutting blades 29 between the wedge 33 and the rod 9 on the one hand and between the inner part 3 C of the end fitting and the rod 9 on the other hand positively.
  • the outer housing 5 is applied made of plastic.
  • the inner part 3C of the end fitting is formed with guide grooves 35
  • the outer part 3D of the end fitting may be provided with guide grooves, or the guide grooves 35 may be completely omitted. In this case, however, a gap remains between the inner and the outer part of the end fitting, which then has to be filled with the silicone elastomer in forming the housing 5.
  • the adhesive may be introduced into the gap between the outer and inner parts of the end fitting until this gap is completely filled with adhesive.
  • the invention is not limited to these embodiments.
  • the number of cutting blades or cutting rings can be freely adjusted as needed.
  • flexible cutting rings in addition to or instead of the positive connection of the cutting ring by cutting into the outer layer of the rods and a frictional connection can be achieved by jamming without damaging the surface of the bars, if no excessive tensile stress is expected.
  • the surge arrester is not provided with the directly applied housing 5, but is inserted as a so-called surge arrester with tube design in a tube made of glass fiber reinforced plastic or in a ceramic housing.
  • the rods serve only as an additional stabilizing element, so that is to be expected with lower tensile loads.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Communication Cables (AREA)
  • Details Of Resistors (AREA)
  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a surge arrester having at least one varistor block 1, one end fitting 3, one reinforcing element 9 which holds the varistor block 1 firmly on the end fitting 3 with a tensile load, and at least one anchoring element 27 which holds the reinforcing element 9 firmly on the end fitting 3 with a tensile load wherein the anchoring element 27 has at least one edge 29 which cuts into the reinforcing element 9. The anchoring element 27 is preferably a cutting-ring screw union.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Überspannungsableiter mit Käfig-Design, wie er beispielsweise aus der JP 63 312 602 bekannt ist. Überspannungsableiter werden bei Stromversorgungssystemen zwischen stromführenden Leitungen und Masse geschaltet, um im Fall einer Überspannung in der Leitung diese zur Masse abzuleiten und so andere Bauteile des Stromnetzes zu schützen. Ein derartiger Überspannungsableiter enthält einen Stapel aus Varistorblöcken, der zwischen zwei Anschlusselementen gehalten ist. Diese Anordnung wird in einem Gehäuse aufgenommen.The invention relates to a surge arrester with cage design, as for example from the JP 63 312 602 is known. Surge arresters are connected in power supply systems between live lines and ground to derive in the event of an overvoltage in the line this to ground and to protect other components of the power grid. Such a surge arrester contains a stack of varistor blocks, which is held between two connection elements. This arrangement is accommodated in a housing.

Um sicherzustellen, dass auch bei mechanischen Belastungen die Varistorblöcke gut miteinander kontaktieren, ist es erforderlich, den Stapel unter Druck zusammenzuhalten. Bei derartigen Überspannungsableitern mit Käfig-Design erfolgt dies über Verstärkungselemente, in der Regel Stäbe oder Seile, vorzugsweise glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffsstäbe (GFK-Stäbe), die an den beiden Endarmaturen unter Zug gehalten sind.To ensure that the varistor blocks contact each other well even under mechanical loads, it is necessary to hold the stack together under pressure. In such surge arresters with cage design, this is done via reinforcing elements, usually rods or ropes, preferably glass fiber reinforced plastic rods (GRP rods), which are held at the two end fittings under train.

Ein Problem bei derartigen Überspannungsableitern besteht darin, die Verstärkungselemente sicher an den Endarmaturen zu befestigen, so dass auch bei mechanischen Beanspruchungen, wie sie bei im Freien montierten Überspannungsableitern auftreten, die nötige Festigkeit erhalten wird.A problem with such surge arresters is to securely fasten the reinforcing elements to the end fittings, so that the necessary strength is obtained even in the case of mechanical stresses which occur in the case of surge arresters mounted outdoors.

In der genannten japanischen Patentanmeldung wird dieses Problem dadurch gelöst, dass in den Endarmaturen Nuten in Stapelrichtung der Varistorblöcke vorgesehen sind, in die die Verstärkungselemente eingelegt werden, und in dem das Ende der Verstärkungselemente mit einem Gewinde ausgestattet ist, auf das eine Mutter aufgeschraubt wird, die im Durchmesser größer als die Nut in der Endarmatur ist, und so das Verstärkungselement - im wesentlichen durch Formschluss - hält.In the said Japanese patent application, this problem is solved in that in the end fittings grooves in the stacking direction of the varistor blocks are provided, in which the reinforcing elements are inserted, and in which the end of the reinforcing elements is provided with a thread on which a nut is screwed, which is larger in diameter than the groove in the end fitting, and so the reinforcing element - essentially by positive engagement - holds.

Obwohl auf diese Art ein Überspannungsableiter effektiv ausgebildet werden kann, besteht das Problem darin, Gewinde in die als Verstärkungselemente dienenden GFK-Stäbe zu schneiden, ohne diese zu beschädigen. Dies ist aufwendig und teuer.Although a surge arrester can be effectively formed in this way, the problem is to cut threads into the FRP rods used as reinforcing members without damaging them. This is complicated and expensive.

Aus der Druckschrift EP 0 646 276 sind weitere Möglichkeiten bekannt, wie Verstärkungselemente an den Endarmaturen eines Überspannungsableiters verankert werden können. Insbesondere schlägt diese Druckschrift vor, die Verstärkungselemente durch einen Stift bzw. eine Schraube festzuhalten, die sich senkrecht zur Längsrichtung der Verstärkungselemente erstreckt und durch ein Durchgangsloch durch die Stäbe geführt wird. Der Stift bzw. die Schraube werden dann in einer entsprechenden Ausnehmung bzw. einem Gewindeloch in der Endarmatur gehalten.From the publication EP 0 646 276 Further possibilities are known, such as reinforcing elements can be anchored to the end fittings of a surge arrester. In particular, this document proposes to hold the reinforcing elements by a pin or a screw which extends perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the reinforcing elements and is guided through a through hole by the rods. The pin or the screw are then held in a corresponding recess or a threaded hole in the end fitting.

Obwohl es wesentlich einfacher ist, ein Loch in der Richtung senkrecht zur Ausdehnungsrichtung der als Verstärkungselemente dienenden GFK-Stäbe auszubilden als ein Gewinde in diese zu schneiden, besteht bei dieser Bauweise die Gefahr, die Verstärkungselemente im Bereich des Loches derart zu schwächen, dass sie reißen.Although it is much easier to form a hole in the direction perpendicular to the direction of expansion of the GFRP rods used as reinforcing elements than to cut a thread therein, there is a risk in this construction of weakening the reinforcing elements in the region of the hole in such a way that they break ,

Die genannte europäische Patentanmeldung zeigt darüber hinaus auch die Möglichkeit, die Verstärkungselemente mit Keilen in der Endarmatur festzulegen. Hierzu wird ein in Richtung der Stapelmittel der Varistorblöcke zulaufender Keil zwischen ein jedes Verstärkungselement und eine entsprechend geneigte Fläche der Endarmatur gebracht und beide zusammen durch einen äußeren Teil der Endarmatur unter radialem Druck zusammengehalten. Bei Zugbeanspruchung auf die Verstärkungselemente werden durch Haftreibung die Keile mitgezogen und sorgen dafür, dass die Verstärkungselemente reib- bzw. kraftschlüssig zwischen dem zugehörigen Keil und der Endarmatur gehalten werden.The said European patent application also shows the possibility of setting the reinforcing elements with wedges in the end fitting. For this purpose, a tapering in the direction of the stacking means of the varistor blocks wedge between each reinforcing element and a corresponding inclined surface of the end fitting is brought and both together held together by an outer part of the end fitting under radial pressure. When tensile stress on the reinforcing elements, the wedges are dragged by friction and ensure that the reinforcing elements frictionally or frictionally held between the associated wedge and the end fitting.

Außerdem zeigt die DE 199 40 939 die Möglichkeit, die Verstärkungselemente in der Endarmatur dadurch zu halten, dass in einer konischen Bohrung der Endarmatur eine in Richtung der Stapelmitte der Varistorblöcke konisch zulaufende Hülse mit beweglichen Seitenwänden eingesetzt wird, die als Klemmhülse, ähnlich dem Keil der vorher genannten europäischen Patentanmeldung, das zugehörige Verstärküngselement unter Zug fest durch reib- bzw. kraftschlüssige Verbindung hält.In addition, the shows DE 199 40 939 the ability to hold the reinforcing elements in the end fitting in that conical in the direction of the stack center of the varistor blocks in a conical bore of the end fitting tapered sleeve is used with movable side walls, which holds as a clamping sleeve, similar to the wedge of the aforementioned European patent application, the associated Verstärküngselement under train firmly by frictional or non-positive connection.

Letztlich wird in der WO 00/55869 vorgeschlagen, die Verstärkungselemente an ihren Enden mit Crimphülsen zu versehen und sie auf diese Art daran zu hindern, durch Führungsnuten in den Endarmatur zu gleiten.Ultimately, in the WO 00/55869 proposed to provide the reinforcing elements at their ends with Crimphülsen and to prevent them in this way to slide through guide grooves in the end fitting.

DE 42 38 877 A1 zeigt eine Schneidring-Verbindung zur gasdichten Verbindung von Rohren mit hohem Innendruck. Die Schneidring-Verbindung weist eine Kante auf, die in das relativ weiche Material des Rohrs einschneidet, wenn sich dieses Aufgrund des Innendrucks ausdehnt. DE 42 38 877 A1 shows a cutting ring connection for the gas-tight connection of pipes with high internal pressure. The cutting ring connection has an edge which cuts into the relatively soft material of the tube as it expands due to internal pressure.

Bei allen vorgenannten Schriften, bei denen die Verstärkungselemente reib- oder kraftschlüssig in der Endarmatur gehalten werden, ist es schwierig, die nötige Zugfestigkeit aufzubringen. Insbesondere bei Biegebelastung des Überspannungsableiters entsteht auf einer Seite des Überspannungsableiters eine sehr starke Zugkraft.In all of the above documents, in which the reinforcing elements frictionally or non-positively held in the end fitting, it is difficult to apply the necessary tensile strength. In particular, when bending load of the surge arrester creates a very strong tensile force on one side of the surge arrester.

Bei den Überspannungsableitern mit Crimphülse gestaltet sich die Herstellung schwierig, da die Crimphülse aufgebracht werden muss, während das Verstärkungselement unter Zug gehalten wird. Auch kann durch das Crimpen der Stab unkontrolliert beschädigt werden.With the crimping surge arresters, manufacturing is difficult because the crimping sleeve must be applied while the reinforcing element is held under tension. Also, crimping can cause uncontrolled damage to the rod.

Bei den Überspannungsableitern, bei denen die Verstärkungselemente durch Schrauben in der Endarmatur gehalten werden, erfordert dies eine beachtliche Schwächung des Verstärkungselementes im Bereich der Schraube.In the surge arresters, in which the reinforcing elements are held by screws in the end fitting, this requires a considerable weakening of the reinforcing element in the region of the screw.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es daher, einen gattungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiter mit Käfig-Design bereitzustellen, der einfach herzustellen ist und ein sicheres Verankern der Verstärkungselemente in den Endarmaturen gewährleistet.The object of the invention is therefore to provide a generic surge arrester with cage design, which is easy to manufacture and ensures a secure anchoring of the reinforcing elements in the end fittings.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen Überspannungsableiter nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Die abhängigen Ansprüche betreffen weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung.This object is achieved by a surge arrester according to claim 1. The dependent claims relate to further advantageous embodiments of the invention.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung ausführlich unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Zeichnungen beschrieben, in denen zeigt:

Fig. 1
eine Gesamtansicht eines gattungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters mit teilweise weggeschnittenem Außengehäuse;
Fig. 2
den Käfig eines erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters, mit einer Endarmatur in Explosionsansicht;
Fig. 3
eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie A-A in aus Fig. 2;
Fig. 4
das Prinzip eines Verankerungselements mit Schneidring, wie es bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiter nach Fig. 2 und 3 verwendet wird;
Fig. 5
eine alternative Ausgestaltung des erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters;
Fig. 6
eine Detailansicht des Stabs mit Schneidelement nach Fig. 5.
In the following, the invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
Fig. 1
an overall view of a generic surge arrester with partially cutaway outer housing;
Fig. 2
the cage of a surge arrester according to the invention, with an end fitting in an exploded view;
Fig. 3
a sectional view taken along the line AA in Fig. 2 ;
Fig. 4
the principle of an anchoring element with cutting ring, as in the surge arrester according to the invention after Fig. 2 and 3 is used;
Fig. 5
an alternative embodiment of the surge arrester according to the invention;
Fig. 6
a detailed view of the rod with cutting element after Fig. 5 ,

Der in Fig. 1 gezeigte Überspannungsableiter mit Käfig-Design enthält mindestens ein Varistorblock 1. Als Varistorblöcke 1 können bekannte Keramikscheiben mit einem spannungsabhängigen Widerstand (variable resistor) verwendet werden. Bei niedrigen Spannungen arbeiten sie als nahezu perfekte Isolatoren, während sie bei hoher Spannung eine gute Leitfähigkeit haben. Handelsübliche Varistorblöcke werden auf Grundlage von Zinkoxid (ZnO) hergestellt. Die Erfindung ist jedoch nicht auf derartige Zinkoxid-Überspannungsableiter beschränkt, und auch andere Metalloxide und auch Siliziumkarbid können beispielsweise für den Varistorblock verwendet werden. Außerdem können zusätzlich zu Varistorblöcken 1 noch weitere Blöcke, etwa Metallblöcke, oder Funkenstreckenblöcke in dem Stapel enthalten sein, um so die Länge des Überspannungsableiters an die Erfordernisse des jeweiligen Einsatzes anzupassen.The in Fig. 1 Cage design surge arresters shown include at least one varistor block 1. As the varistor blocks 1, known ceramic disks having a variable resistor can be used. At low voltages they work as near-perfect insulators, while at high voltages they have good conductivity. Commercially available varistor blocks are manufactured on the basis of zinc oxide (ZnO). However, the invention is not limited to such zinc oxide surge arresters, and other metal oxides as well as silicon carbide may be used for the varistor block, for example. In addition, in addition to varistor blocks 1, further blocks, such as metal blocks, or spark gap blocks may be included in the stack so as to adapt the length of the surge arrester to the requirements of the particular application.

Gängige Varistorblöcke 1 sind als Kreiszylinder mit einem Durchmesser von beispielsweise 5 cm und einer Höhe von etwa 4 cm ausgebildet. An beiden Seiten der Varistorblöcke 1 sind nicht detailliert gezeigte Aluminiumelektroden aufgebracht, um eine bessere Kontaktierung sicherzustellen. Auch ist es üblich zwischen die Varistorblöcke 1 zur weiteren Verbesserung der Kontaktierung ebenfalls nicht gezeigte dünne Aluminiumscheiben zu legen.Common varistor blocks 1 are formed as circular cylinders with a diameter of for example 5 cm and a height of about 4 cm. On both sides of the varistor blocks 1 aluminum electrodes not shown in detail are applied to ensure a better contact. It is also customary between the Varistorblöcke 1 to further improve the contact also not shown thin aluminum discs.

Ein durch Aufeinanderstapeln derartiger Varistorblöcke 1 und eventueller Metallblöcke gebildeter Stapel ist bei dem in Fig. 1 gezeigten Überspannungsableiter zwischen zwei Endarmaturen 3 gehalten. Die Endarmaturen 3 sind üblicherweise aus Aluminium oder Edelstahl gebildet und derart ausgestaltet, dass sie leicht in bestehende elektrische Installationen bzw. Stromversorgungsnetze eingebunden werden können, beispielsweise durch eine aus dem Überspannungsableiter herausragende zentrale Schraube 4, die elektrisch mit den Varistorblöcken 1 gut kontaktiert.A stack formed by stacking such varistor blocks 1 and any metal blocks is shown in FIG Fig. 1 shown surge arrester between two end fittings 3 held. The end fittings 3 are usually formed of aluminum or stainless steel and designed so that they can be easily integrated into existing electrical installations or power grids, for example by a projecting from the surge arrester central screw 4, which makes good contact with the Varistorblöcken 1 well.

Zum Schutz gegenüber der Umwelt werden diese Überspannungsableiter mit einem äußeren Gehäuse 5, oft aus Silikon, umgeben. Das Gehäuse kann durch Spritzen oder Gießen gebildet werden.To protect against the environment, these surge arresters are surrounded by an outer housing 5, often made of silicone. The housing can be formed by spraying or pouring.

Zur Vergrößerung des Kriechweges des Stroms sind an der Außenseite des Gehäuses 5 Schirme 7 ausgebildet.To increase the creepage path of the current 5 screens 7 are formed on the outside of the housing.

Wie dargelegt wurde, sind derartige Überspannungsableiter erheblichen Biegemomenten ausgesetzt, wenn sie in der freien Umgebung verwendet werden. Es ist daher erforderlich, sicherzustellen, dass auch bei größeren mechanischen Beanspruchungen die Kontaktierung der Varistorblöcke 1 untereinander und zu den Endarmaturen beibehalten wird. Um dies zu erreichen werden regelmäßig glasfaserverstärkte Kunststoffstäbe oder Seile 9 als Verstärkungselemente zwischen den beiden Endarmaturen 3 eingespannt. Diese halten die Varistorblöcke 1 zwischen den beiden Endarmaturen 3 unter Zugbeanspruchung zusammen. Des weiteren werden gelegentlich noch Federelemente in den Stapel der Varistorblöcke 1 eingefügt, um so auch bei Temperaturschwankungen oder ähnlichem die Kontaktierung zu sichern.As stated, such surge arresters are subject to significant bending moments when used in the free environment. It is therefore necessary to ensure that the contacting of the varistor blocks 1 with each other and with the end fittings is maintained even with larger mechanical stresses. To achieve this glass fiber reinforced plastic rods or ropes 9 are clamped as reinforcing elements between the two end fittings 3 regularly. These hold the Varistorblöcke 1 between the two end fittings 3 together under tensile stress. Furthermore, occasionally spring elements are inserted into the stack of varistor blocks 1, so as to secure the contact even with temperature fluctuations or the like.

Im folgenden werden die Verstärkungselemente als Stäbe 9 bezeichnet, ohne dass hierin eine Beschränkung der Erfindung zu sehen wäre.Hereinafter, the reinforcing elements will be referred to as rods 9, without any limitation of the invention.

Fig. 2 zeigt den "Käfig" eines Überspannungsableiters einer ersten erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsform. Zur besseren Darstellung sind die Varistorblöcke 1 und übrigen Bestandteile des Stapels weggelassen worden. Eine der beiden Endarmaturen 3 ist zur Verdeutlichung der Ausführungsform explosionsartig dargestellt. Eine Schnittansicht entlang der Linie A-A ist in Fig. 3 gezeigt. Fig. 2 shows the "cage" of a surge arrester of a first embodiment of the invention. For better illustration, the varistor blocks 1 and other components of the stack have been omitted. One of the two end fittings 3 is shown exploded to illustrate the embodiment. A sectional view along the line AA is in Fig. 3 shown.

In Fig. 2 und 3 sind acht Stäbe 9 in regelmäßigen Winkelintervallen entlang des Umfangs der Endarmaturen 3 angeordnet.In Fig. 2 and 3 eight rods 9 are arranged at regular angular intervals along the circumference of the end fittings 3.

Die Endarmatur 3 selbst enthält ein erstes Teil 3A und ein zweites Teil 3B. Das erste Teil 3A weist acht Durchgangslöcher 11 für die glasfaserverstärkten Stäbe 9 und ebenfalls acht Gewindelöcher 13A für Spannschrauben 15 auf, wobei die Durchgangslöcher 11 und die Gewindelöcher 13A entlang des Umfangs des ersten Teils 3A der Endarmatur im Wechsel angeordnet sind. Die genaue Zahl der Spannschraubenverbindungen und auch der Stäbe 9 ist nach Bedarf vom Fachmann zu wählen. Prinzipiell ist es möglich mit nur einer Spannschraube und/oder nur einem (zentralen) Stab auszukommen, beispielsweise wenn die Varistorblöcke 1 als Ringe ausgebildet sind. Bevorzugt sind jedoch Anordnungen bei denen drei oder mehr Stäbe entlang des Umfangs der Endarmatur verteilt sind, und bei denen die Varistorblöcke 1 als (kreis-)zylindrische Scheiben vorliegen.The end fitting 3 itself contains a first part 3A and a second part 3B. The first part 3A has eight through-holes 11 for the glass-fiber reinforced rods 9 and also eight threaded holes 13A for clamping screws 15, wherein the through holes 11 and the threaded holes 13A are alternately arranged along the circumference of the first part 3A of the end fitting. The exact number of the clamping screw connections and also the rods 9 should be selected by the person skilled in the art as required. In principle, it is possible to use only one clamping screw and / or only one (central) rod, for example when the varistor blocks 1 are designed as rings. However, arrangements are preferred in which three or more rods are distributed along the circumference of the end fitting, and in which the varistor blocks 1 are present as (circular) cylindrical disks.

Das zweite Teil 3B hat bei der in Fig. 2 und 3 gezeigten Ausführungsform acht korrespondierende durchgehende Löcher 13 für die Spannschrauben 15 und acht nur einseitig offene Ausnehmungen 17 zur Aufnahme der oberen Enden der Stäbe 9.The second part 3B has at the in Fig. 2 and 3 shown embodiment eight corresponding through holes 13 for the clamping screws 15 and eight only one side open recesses 17 for receiving the upper ends of the rods. 9

Das erste Teil 3A der Endarmatur 3 ist als Ring ausgebildet mit einem mittleren Durchgang 19. Das zweite Teil 3B weist in seiner Mittel ein Führungsrohr 21 auf, das in den Ring des ersten Teils 3A eingreifen kann. Das Führungsrohr 21 selbst ist an seiner Innenseite mit einem Innengewinde 23 versehen, in das eine weitere große Schraube 25 bzw. ein Bolzen eingeschraubt werden kann, die nach der Montage den Stapel der Varistorblöcke 1 fest zusammenpresst, wobei die Stäbe mit Zug belastet sind.The first part 3A of the end fitting 3 is formed as a ring with a central passage 19. The second part 3B has in its center a guide tube 21 which can engage in the ring of the first part 3A. The guide tube 21 itself is provided on its inside with an internal thread 23, in which a further large screw 25 and a bolt can be screwed, which after assembly the Stacks of Varistorblöcke 1 firmly pressed, the rods are loaded with train.

An jedem Stab 9 ist an jedem Ende ein Verankerungselement 27 angebracht. Dieses Verankerungselement 27 ist fest mit dem Stab 9 verbunden, und stellt sicher, dass bei Zugbelastung der Stab 9 fest in der Endarmatur 3 verankert bleibt.On each rod 9, an anchoring element 27 is attached at each end. This anchoring element 27 is firmly connected to the rod 9, and ensures that under tensile load, the rod 9 remains firmly anchored in the end fitting 3.

In Fig. 3 und 4 ist eines dieser Verankerungselemente 27 im Schnitt gezeigt. Außerdem ist dargestellt, wie dieses Verankerungselement 27 bei dieser bevorzugten Ausführungsform mit dem zweiten Teil 3B und dem ersten Teil 3A der Endarmatur zusammenwirkt .In Fig. 3 and 4 one of these anchoring elements 27 is shown in section. In addition, it is shown how this anchoring element 27 cooperates in this preferred embodiment with the second part 3B and the first part 3A of the end fitting.

In Fig. 3 ist zu erkennen, dass das Durchgangsloch 13 in dem ersten Teil 3A der Endarmatur einen ersten engen Abschnitt auf der Seite der Varistorblöcke 1 und einem zweiten weitern Abschnitt auf der Seite des zweiten Teile 3B aufweist, die über einen konischen Abschnitt miteinander verbunden sind. Obwohl Fig. 3 einen konischen Abschnitt zeigt, ist dies nicht zwingend, eine einfache Schulter oder Stufe kann ebenso verwendet werden. Das Durchgangsloch 11 ist so auszugestalten, dass es in seinem engen Abschnitt den Stab 9 eng umgibt, und so dass es in seinem weiten Abschnitt das Verankerungselement 27 teilweise aufnimmt. Der konische Abschnitt bzw. die Schulter ist komplementär zu der Außenkontur des Verankerungselementes 27 gestaltet, um eine feste und sichere formschlüssige Auflage des Verankerungselementes 27 in der Endarmatur 3 zu ermöglichen.In Fig. 3 It can be seen that the through hole 13 in the first part 3A of the end fitting has a first narrow portion on the side of the varistor blocks 1 and a second further portion on the side of the second part 3B, which are interconnected via a conical portion. Even though Fig. 3 showing a conical section, this is not mandatory, a simple shoulder or step can also be used. The through hole 11 is to be formed so as to closely surround the rod 9 in its narrow portion, and to partially receive the anchoring element 27 in its wide portion. The conical section or the shoulder is designed to be complementary to the outer contour of the anchoring element 27, in order to allow a firm and secure form-fitting support of the anchoring element 27 in the end fitting 3.

Die Ausnehmung 17 im zweiten Teil 3B der Endarmatur ist ebenfalls mit einem weiten ersten Abschnitt auf der offenen, dem ersten Teils 3B zugewandten Seite und mit einem konisch zulaufenden Abschnitt am geschlossenen Ende ausgestattet. Die Abmessungen der Ausnehmung 17 und des Durchgangslochs 11 sind derart, dass sie das Verankerungselement 27 formschlüssig aufnehmen können. Dies ist unten in Fig. 3 gezeigt.The recess 17 in the second part 3B of the end fitting is also provided with a wide first portion on the open side facing the first part 3B and with a tapered portion on the closed end. The dimensions of the recess 17 and the through hole 11 are such that they can receive the anchoring element 27 in a form-fitting manner. This is below in Fig. 3 shown.

Als Verankerungselement 27 kann beispielsweise eine handelsübliche "Ermeto-Verschraubung" verwendet werden, wie sie seit den 30er Jahren des letzten Jahrhunderts bekannt ist Derartige Ermeto-Verschraubungen werden in der Technik zur Verbindung von Hydraulikrohren eingesetzt und sind u.a. von der Firma Parker-Ermeto kommerziell erhältlich.As anchoring element 27, for example, a commercial "Ermeto screw" can be used, as it has been known since the 30s of the last century Such Ermeto fittings are used in the art for connecting hydraulic pipes and are commercially available, inter alia, from the company Parker-Ermeto.

Das Verankerungselement 27 weist dabei mindestens eine Kante 29 auf, die an dem Stab 9 anliegt und entgegen der Richtung der Zugbelastung geneigt ist.The anchoring element 27 has at least one edge 29 which rests against the rod 9 and is inclined against the direction of the tensile load.

Fig. 4 zeigt eine Detailansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen Verankerungselements 27 entsprechend dieser Ausführungsform. Fig. 4 shows a detailed view of an anchoring element 27 according to the invention according to this embodiment.

Das Verankerungselement 27 besteht in der gezeigten Ausführungsform aus drei Teilen. Einem ersten Schneidringelement 27A, einer Verspannhülse 27B und einem zweiten Schneidringelement 27C. Die beiden Schneidringelemente 27A und 27C sind in der gezeigten Ausführungsform baugleich und bestehen aus einer Hülse, deren Innendurchmesser an den Außendurchmesser des Stabs 9 angepasst ist. An der Innenseite der Hülse der Schneidringelemente 27A, 27C sind bei der gezeigten Ausführungsform jeweils zwei Schneidringe 29 oder Kanten ausgebildet, die im Einsatz in die Oberfläche des Stabs 9 einschneiden. Die Kanten sind vorzugsweise entgegen der Richtung der beabsichtigten Zugbelastung geneigt. Das Material der Schneidringelemente 27A, 27C weißt eine gewisse Elastizität auf. Es ist möglich den Schneidring mit einem Schlitz zu versehen.The anchoring element 27 consists in the embodiment shown of three parts. A first cutting ring element 27A, a clamping sleeve 27B and a second cutting ring element 27C. The two cutting ring elements 27A and 27C are identical in construction in the embodiment shown and consist of a sleeve whose inner diameter is adapted to the outer diameter of the rod 9. On the inside of the sleeve of the cutting ring elements 27A, 27C, two cutting rings 29 or edges are formed in the embodiment shown, which cut into the surface of the rod 9 in use. The edges are preferably inclined against the direction of the intended tensile load. The material of the cutting ring elements 27A, 27C have a certain elasticity. It is possible to provide the cutting ring with a slot.

Die Außenkontur der Schneidringelemente 27A, 27C ist konisch im Bereich der Schneidringe. wobei der Durchmesser in Richtung der beabsichtigten Zugbelastung zunimmt.The outer contour of the cutting ring elements 27A, 27C is conical in the region of the cutting rings. wherein the diameter increases in the direction of the intended tensile load.

Die Verspannhülse 27B hat eine konisch zulaufende innere Form, die komplementär zur Außenkontur der Schneidringelemente 27A, 27C ist. Wenn die Verspannhülse 27B und ein Schneidringelement 27A in Eingriff gebracht und in axialer Richtung des Stabs 9 zusammengeschoben werden, werden die Schneidringe aufgrund der komplementären Neigungen der Außenkontur des Schneidringelements 27A und der Innenform der Verspannhülse 27B zum Einschneiden in den Stab 9 getrieben. Aufgrund der Winkelstellung des bzw. der Schneidringe entsteht so eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem Stab 9 und dem Schneidring, die sich bei Zugbelastung des Stabs immer weiter zuzieht und umso fester hält. Dieses wohlbekannte Schneidringprinzip, dass seit den dreißiger Jahren für Verbindung von Hydraulikrohren verwendet wird, sichert einen ausgezeichneten Halt des Verankerungselementes 27 am Stab 9 unter Zugbelastung.The bracing sleeve 27B has a tapered inner shape that is complementary to the outer contour of the cutting ring members 27A, 27C. When the grommet 27B and a cutting ring member 27A are engaged and pushed together in the axial direction of the rod 9, the cutting rings are driven to be cut into the rod 9 due to the complementary inclinations of the outer contour of the cutting ring member 27A and the inner shape of the grommet 27B. Due to the angular position of the or the cutting rings so creates a positive connection between the rod 9 and the cutting ring, which continues to tighten as the rod is subjected to tension and holds it all the tighter. This well-known cutting ring principle, used since the thirties for connection of hydraulic pipes, ensures excellent retention of the anchoring element 27 on the rod 9 under tensile load.

In Fig. 4 ist, wie angesprochen, ein zweites Schneidringelement 27C gezeigt. Für dieses Schneidringelement 27C ist keine eigene Verspannhülse vorgesehen, da diese Aufgabe von der Ausnehmung 17 des zweiten Teils 3B der Endarmatur übernommen wird.In Fig. 4 As mentioned, a second cutting ring element 27C is shown. No separate clamping sleeve is provided for this cutting ring element 27C since this task is taken over by the recess 17 of the second part 3B of the end fitting.

In Fig. 4 hat jedes Schneidringelement 27A, 27C zwei Schneidringe 29. Bauweisen mit nur einem Schneidring oder mit drei bzw. mehr Schneidringen sind ebenfalls möglich.In Fig. 4 Each cutting ring element 27A, 27C has two cutting rings 29. Designs with only one cutting ring or with three or more cutting rings are also possible.

An dem in Richtung der beabsichtigten Zugbelastung zugewandten Ende der Schneidringelemente 27A, 27C ist das Schneidringelement 27A, 27C innen glatt ausgeformt und wird in der Außenkontur durch einen zweiten, relativ steilen Konus abgeschlossen, wobei der Durchmesser in Richtung der beabsichtigten Zugbelastung abnimmt.At the end of the cutting ring elements 27A, 27C facing the intended tensile load, the cutting ring element 27A, 27C is formed smooth inside and is closed in the outer contour by a second, relatively steep cone, the diameter decreasing in the direction of the intended tensile load.

Diesem zweiten Konus ist ein korrespondierender Abschnitt der Verspannhülse 27B bzw. des Durchgangslochs 11 des ersten Teils 3A der Endarmatur 3 zugeordnet. Durch axiales Verspannen des Schneidringelements 27C und der Verspannhülse 27B bzw. des Schneidringelements 27A und des ersten Teils 3A der Endarmatur 3 entsteht durch diese Formgebung eine Verformung des Schneidringelements 27A, 27C, was zu einer kraftschlüssigen Verbindung zwischen dem Schneidringelement 27A, 27B und dem Stab 9 führt. In der Technik der Schneidring für Rohrverbindungen wird dies zur zusätzlichen Abdichtung gegenüber einer Hydraulikflüssigkeit verwendet.This second cone is assigned a corresponding section of the bracing sleeve 27B or of the through hole 11 of the first part 3A of the end fitting 3. By axial clamping of the cutting ring member 27C and the clamping sleeve 27B and the cutting ring member 27A and the first part 3A of the end fitting 3 is formed by this shaping a deformation of the cutting ring member 27A, 27C, resulting in a frictional connection between the cutting ring member 27A, 27B and the rod leads. In the art, the pipe joint cutting ring is used for additional sealing against hydraulic fluid.

Obwohl auch diese kraftschlüssig Verbindung zum Halten des Stab 9 in dem Verankerungselement 27 beiträgt, ist dies für die Erfindung von untergeordneter Bedeutung und kann auch ganz entfallen. Beispielsweise kann auf den zweiten Konus des Schneidringelements 27A, 27C verzichtet werden. Auch die Verspannhülse 27B und das Durchgangsloch 11 können dann ohne den komplementären zweiten Konus ausgebildet sein, beispielsweise mit einer einfachen Schulter bzw. Stufe.Although this non-positively contributes to the holding of the rod 9 in the anchoring element 27, this is of minor importance to the invention and can also be dispensed with altogether. For example, the second cone of the cutting ring element 27A, 27C can be dispensed with. Also the Clamping sleeve 27B and the through hole 11 may then be formed without the complementary second cone, for example with a simple shoulder or step.

Mit dieser Schneidringverbindung kann eine zur Schwächung des Stab 9 führende ernsthafte Beschädigung vermieden werden, da die Schneidringe 29 nicht sehr tief in den Stab 9 einschneiden. Darüber hinaus können, wie es in Fig. 4 gezeigt ist, mehrere Schneidringe 29 hintereinander angeordnet sein.With this cutting ring connection, a serious damage leading to the weakening of the rod 9 can be avoided since the cutting rings 29 do not cut very deeply into the rod 9. In addition, as it can in Fig. 4 is shown, a plurality of cutting rings 29 may be arranged one behind the other.

Zur Montage des erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters, wie er in den Fig. 1 bis 4 gezeigt ist, wird ein Stapel von Varistorblöcken 1 und wahlweise Metallblöcke zwischen den ersten ringförmigen Teilen 3A zweier Endarmaturen 3 angeordnet. Anschließend werden die Stäbe 9 durch die hierfür in den ersten Teilen 3A der Endarmaturen 3 vorgesehenen Durchgangslöcher 11 geführt.For mounting the surge arrester according to the invention, as in the Fig. 1 to 4 is shown, a stack of varistor blocks 1 and optionally metal blocks between the first annular parts 3A of two end fittings 3 is arranged. Subsequently, the rods 9 are guided through the provided for this purpose in the first parts 3A of the end fittings 3 through holes 11.

Auf einer Seite des Stapels werden die Stäbe 9 auf eine einheitliche Länge gebracht und die Verankerungselemente 27 aufgeschoben. Anschließend wird auf dieser Seite das zweite Teil 3B der Endarmatur aufgebracht. Mittels der ersten Spannschrauben 15, die sich durch die durchgehenden Löcher 13 in dem zweiten Teil 3B der Endarmatur erstrecken und in die Gewindelöcher 13A in dem ersten Teil 3A der Endarmatur eingreifen, werden die ersten und zweiten Teile 3A, 3B der Endarmatur gegeneinander fest verspannt. Wie es in Fig. 2 gezeigt ist, sind die beiden Teile der Endarmatur so ausgebildet, dass sie die Verankerungselemente 27 vollständig in den entsprechenden Ausnehmungen aufnehmen und diese umschließen.On one side of the stack, the rods 9 are brought to a uniform length and the anchoring elements 27 are pushed. Subsequently, the second part 3B of the end fitting is applied on this side. By means of the first clamping screws 15, which extend through the through holes 13 in the second part 3B of the end fitting and engage in the threaded holes 13A in the first part 3A of the end fitting, the first and second parts 3A, 3B of the end fitting are firmly clamped against each other. As it is in Fig. 2 is shown, the two parts of the end fitting are formed so that they receive the anchoring elements 27 completely in the corresponding recesses and enclose them.

Anschließend wird durch die mittlere Öffnung der Endarmatur die Spannschraube 25 geschraubt, die an den Varistorblöcken 1 bzw. einer zwischen dem obersten Varistorblock 1 und der Endarmatur 3 liegenden Steuerscheibe aus Aluminium oder Edelstahl anliegt.Subsequently, the clamping screw 25 is screwed through the central opening of the end fitting, which rests against the Varistorblöcken 1 and a lying between the uppermost Varistorblock 1 and the end fitting 3 control disc made of aluminum or stainless steel.

Darauf folgend werden auf der gegenüberliegenden Seite des Varistorstapels die Stäbe 5 mit den Verankerungselementen 27 versehen.Subsequently, the rods 5 are provided with the anchoring elements 27 on the opposite side of the Varistorstapels.

Auch hier wird der zweite Teil 3B der Endarmatur 3 aufgebracht und mit den ersten Spannschrauben 11 gegen den ersten Teil 3A, wie bereits diskutiert, verspannt.Again, the second part 3B of the end fitting 3 is applied and braced with the first clamping screws 11 against the first part 3A, as already discussed.

Eine zweite große Spannschraube 25 wird durch das mittlere Gewinde der Endarmatur 3 getrieben, so dass sie an einer korrespondierenden Steuerscheibe oder dem obersten Varistorblock anliegt. Mit einem Drehmomentschlüssel werden die untere und obere mittlere großen Spannschrauben 25 angezogen, so dass der Stapel Varistorblöcke mit einem definierten Druck zusammengehalten wird.A second large clamping screw 25 is driven by the central thread of the end fitting 3, so that it rests against a corresponding control disk or the uppermost varistor block. With a torque wrench, the lower and upper middle large clamping screws 25 are tightened, so that the stack of varistor blocks is held together with a defined pressure.

Anschließend wird der so gebildete Käfig mit einem Außengehäuse versehen. Dies geschieht vorteilhafterweise durch Umspritzen bzw. Umgießen des Stapels von Varistorblöcken, der Stäbe 9 und der Endarmaturen 3. Als Material für das Kunststoffaußengehäuse hat sich ein niederviskoses Silikon als geeignet erwiesen. Derartige niederviskose Silikone sind im Handel erhältlich, und wurden auch bereits beim Stand der Technik für Gehäuse eingesetzt.Subsequently, the cage thus formed is provided with an outer housing. This is advantageously done by encapsulation or encapsulation of the stack of Varistorblöcken, the rods 9 and the end fittings 3. As a material for the plastic outer housing, a low-viscosity silicone has been found suitable. Such low-viscosity silicones are commercially available, and have also been used in the prior art for housing.

Gleichzeitig mit dem Ausbilden des Gehäuses 5 können die Schirme 7 angegossen werden. Alternativ dazu ist es möglich, das Gehäuse zunächst zylindrisch auszugestalten und die Schirme 7 separat herzustellen. Die Schirme 7 können dann durch mechanisches Entspannen bzw. durch Kleben am Gehäuse 5 angebracht werden. Das separate Aufbringen der Schirme 7 stellt zwar einen zusätzlichen Arbeitsgang dar, der die Kosten des Überspannungsableiters erhöht, aber auf diese Art können Längsnähte entlang des Überspannungsableiters vermieden werden, an denen sich aufgrund von Verschmutzungen Kriechströme entwickeln können.Simultaneously with the formation of the housing 5, the umbrellas 7 can be cast. Alternatively, it is possible to initially design the housing cylindrical and produce the screens 7 separately. The screens 7 can then be attached to the housing 5 by mechanical relaxation or by gluing. Although the separate application of the screens 7 is an additional operation, which increases the cost of the surge arrester, but in this way longitudinal seams along the surge arrester can be avoided, where can develop leakage due to contamination creepage.

Fig. 5 zeigt eine alternative Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Überspannungsableiters. Fig. 5 shows an alternative embodiment of the surge arrester according to the invention.

Im Gegensatz zu der Ausführungsform aus den Fig. 2 bis 4 sind die Stäbe 9 im Querschnitt nicht kreisförmig. Die in Fig. 5 gezeigten Stäbe 9 sind in ihrer Form der Außenkontur des Stapels von Varistorblöcken 1 angepasst. So kann das äußere Gehäuse 5 des Überspannungsableiters insgesamt dünner ausgestaltet werden, da die Stäbe 9 bei gleicher Zugfestigkeit eine geringere Dicke aufweisen. Dies ist insoweit vorteilhaft, als dass das niederviskose Silikon teuer ist.In contrast to the embodiment of the Fig. 2 to 4 the rods 9 are not circular in cross section. In the Fig. 5 shown rods 9 are adapted in shape to the outer contour of the stack of Varistorblöcken 1. Thus, the outer housing 5 of the surge arrester can be made thinner overall, since the rods 9 at the same Tensile strength have a smaller thickness. This is advantageous insofar as the low-viscosity silicone is expensive.

Bei Verwendung derartiger beispielsweise kreissegmentförmiger glasfaserverstärkter Stäbe 9 muss das Prinzip der Schneidringverbindung allerdings dahingehend abgewandelt werden, dass anstelle eines durchgehenden, den Stab umfassenden, Schneidrings eine oder mehrere Schneidklingen 31, die in ihrer Kontur dem Stab 9 angepasst sind, vorgesehen sind. Dies ist im Schnitt in Fig. 5 gezeigt.When using such example, circular-segment-shaped glass fiber reinforced rods 9, the principle of the cutting ring connection, however, must be modified so that instead of a continuous, the rod comprehensive, cutting ring one or more cutting blades 31, which are adapted to the rod 9 in its contour, are provided. This is on average in Fig. 5 shown.

Fig. 6 zeigt im Detail weitere Einzelheiten der Endarmatur 3 und des Verankerungselementes 27 dieser Ausführungsform. Fig. 6 shows in greater detail the end fitting 3 and the anchoring element 27 of this embodiment.

Bei der Ausführungsform aus Fig. 5 und 6 ist die Endarmatur 3 wiederum aus zwei Teilen gebildet. Ein inneres Teil 3C ist ring- bzw. hohlzylinderförmig ausgebildet, und weist ein Innengewinde 31 auf, durch das sich die Spannschraube 25 erstrecken kann. Vorzugsweise sind entlang dieses inneren Teils Führungsnuten ausgebildet, die in ihrer Kontur den Stäben 9 entsprechen, wie dies in Fig. 6 zu erkennen ist. Das innere Teil 3C der Endarmatur wird durch ein tassenförmiges äußeres Teil 3D der Endarmatur umgeben, wobei der Innendurchmesser der Tasse an den Außendurchmesser des inneren Teils im Bereich außerhalb der Nuten angepasst ist. Das tassenförmige äußere Teil 3D ist leicht konisch ausgebildet, wobei es in Richtung der beabsichtigten Zugbelastung, also hin zur Mitte des Stapels der Varistorblöcke 1, zuläuft. Zwischen den Stäben 9 und dem äußeren Teil 3D der Endarmatur sind Keile 33 angebracht, die ebenfalls hin zu der Mitte des Stapels der Varistorblöcke 1 zulaufen.In the embodiment of Fig. 5 and 6 the end fitting 3 is again formed of two parts. An inner part 3C is formed in a ring-shaped or hollow cylindrical shape, and has an internal thread 31, through which the clamping screw 25 can extend. Guide grooves are preferably formed along this inner part, which correspond in their contour to the rods 9, as shown in FIG Fig. 6 can be seen. The inner part 3C of the end fitting is surrounded by a cup-shaped outer part 3D of the end fitting, wherein the inner diameter of the cup is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner part in the region outside the grooves. The cup-shaped outer part 3D is slightly conical, in the direction of the intended tensile load, ie towards the center of the stack of Varistorblöcke 1, runs. Between the rods 9 and the outer part 3D of the end fitting wedges 33 are mounted, which also run towards the center of the stack of the varistor blocks 1.

An der dem Stab 9 zugewandten Seite des Keils 33 ist quer zur Längsrichtung des Stabs 9 eine oder mehrere Schneidklingen 29 ausgebildet, die im spitzen Winkel entgegen der Richtung der beabsichtigten Zugbelastung, hin zur Mitte des Stapels der Varistorblöcke, gewinkelt sind. Eine komplementäre Schneidklinge 29A, die ebenfalls an die Form des glasfaserverstärkten Stabs 5 angepasst ist, kann in der Führungsnut des inneren Teils 3C der Endarmatur ausgebildet sein, wobei dies in den Figuren nicht dargestellt ist.On the side of the wedge 33 facing the rod 9, one or more cutting blades 29 are formed transversely to the longitudinal direction of the rod 9 and are angled at an acute angle against the direction of the intended tensile load towards the center of the stack of the varistor blocks. A complementary cutting blade 29A, which is also adapted to the shape of the glass fiber reinforced rod 5, may be formed in the guide groove of the inner part 3C of the end fitting, which is not shown in the figures.

Vorzugsweise sind mehrere Schneidklingen 29 sowohl auf dem Keil 33 wie auch auf dem inneren Teil der Endarmatur 3 ausgebildet.Preferably, a plurality of cutting blades 29 are formed both on the wedge 33 as well as on the inner part of the end fitting 3.

Bei Zugbelastung wird der Stab 9 einerseits kraftschlüssig zwischen dem inneren Teil 3C und dem äußeren Teil 3D der Endarmatur mittels des Keils 33 gehalten. Andererseits wird darüber hinaus der Stab 9 durch die Schneidklingen 29 zwischen dem Keil 33 und dem Stab 9 einerseits und zwischen dem inneren Teil 3C der Endarmatur und dem Stab 9 andererseits formschlüssig gehalten.When tensile load, the rod 9 is held on the one hand non-positively between the inner part 3C and the outer part 3D of the end fitting by means of the wedge 33. On the other hand, moreover, the rod 9 is held by the cutting blades 29 between the wedge 33 and the rod 9 on the one hand and between the inner part 3 C of the end fitting and the rod 9 on the other hand positively.

Der Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform gegenüber den Ausführungsformen aus den Fig. 2 bis 4 besteht darin, dass die Montage vereinfacht wird. Durch geeignete Öffnungen 37 auf der Bodenseite des tassenförmigen äußeren Teils 3D der Endarmatur können die Keile 33 getrieben werden, nachdem die beiden Endarmaturen 3 mit den Stäben 5 versehen und um den Stapel von Varistorblöcke herum angeordnet sind. Nach dem Reintreiben der Keile 33 kann die Gesamtkonstruktion durch die Spannschrauben 25 durch die Mitte des inneren Teils 3C der Endarmatur mit dem nötigen Druck beaufschlagt werden.The advantage of this embodiment over the embodiments of the Fig. 2 to 4 is that the assembly is simplified. By appropriate openings 37 on the bottom side of the cup-shaped outer part 3D of the end fitting, the wedges 33 can be driven after the two end fittings 3 are provided with the bars 5 and arranged around the stack of varistor blocks. After the driving of the wedges 33, the entire construction can be acted upon by the clamping screws 25 through the middle of the inner part 3 C of the end fitting with the necessary pressure.

Wie bei der Ausführungsform aus den Fig. 2 bis 4 wird anschließend das äußere Gehäuse 5 aus Kunststoff aufgebracht.As in the embodiment of the Fig. 2 to 4 Subsequently, the outer housing 5 is applied made of plastic.

Obwohl bei der Ausführungsform aus Fig. 5 und 6 gezeigt ist, dass das innere Teil 3C der Endarmatur mit Führungsnuten 35 ausgebildet ist, ist dies nicht zwingend. Stattdessen, oder zusätzlich, kann auch das äußere Teil 3D der Endarmatur mit Führungsnuten ausgestattet sein, oder die Führungsnuten 35 können vollständig weggelassen werden. In diesem Fall verbleibt allerdings ein Spalt zwischen dem inneren und dem äußeren Teil der Endarmatur, der dann mit dem Silikonelastomer beim Ausbilden des Gehäuses 5 aufgefüllt werden muss.Although in the embodiment of Fig. 5 and 6 is shown that the inner part 3C of the end fitting is formed with guide grooves 35, this is not mandatory. Instead, or in addition, the outer part 3D of the end fitting may be provided with guide grooves, or the guide grooves 35 may be completely omitted. In this case, however, a gap remains between the inner and the outer part of the end fitting, which then has to be filled with the silicone elastomer in forming the housing 5.

Entsprechend einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung ist es möglich, zusätzlich einen Kleber zur weiteren Befestigung der Stäbe 9 in den Endarmaturen anzuwenden. Beispielsweise kann bei der zuletzt diskutierten Ausführungsform in den Spalt zwischen dem äußeren und dem inneren Teil der Endarmatur der Klebstoff eingefüllt werden, bis dieser Spalt vollständig mit Klebstoff gefüllt ist.According to a further advantageous embodiment, it is possible to additionally apply an adhesive for further attachment of the rods 9 in the end fittings. For example, in the last-discussed embodiment, the adhesive may be introduced into the gap between the outer and inner parts of the end fitting until this gap is completely filled with adhesive.

Obwohl die bevorzugten Ausführungsformen der Erfindung voranstehend beschrieben wurden, ist die Erfindung nicht auf diese Ausführungsformen beschränkt. Insbesondere kann die Zahl der Schneidklingen bzw. Schneidringe nach Bedarf frei eingestellt werden. Durch das Verwenden von biegsamen Schneidringen kann zusätzlich oder anstatt der formschlüssigen Verbindung des Schneidrings durch Einschneiden in die äußere Schicht der Stäbe auch eine kraftschlüssige Verbindung durch Verklemmen ohne Beschädigung der Oberfläche der Stäbe erzielt werden, wenn keine übermäßige Zugbeanspruchung erwartet wird. Dies ist beispielsweise dann gegeben wenn der Überspannungsableiter nicht mit dem direkt aufgebrachten Gehäuse 5 versehen wird, sonder als sogenannter Überspannungsableiter mit Rohr-Design in ein Rohr aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoff oder in ein Keramikgehäuse eingeschoben wird. In diesem Fall wird ein wesentlicher Teil der mechanischen Kräfte bereits durch das Rohr aufgenommen, und die Stäbe dienen nur als zusätzliches Stabilisierungselement, so dass mit geringeren Zugbelastungen zu rechnen ist.Although the preferred embodiments of the invention have been described above, the invention is not limited to these embodiments. In particular, the number of cutting blades or cutting rings can be freely adjusted as needed. By using flexible cutting rings in addition to or instead of the positive connection of the cutting ring by cutting into the outer layer of the rods and a frictional connection can be achieved by jamming without damaging the surface of the bars, if no excessive tensile stress is expected. This is for example given when the surge arrester is not provided with the directly applied housing 5, but is inserted as a so-called surge arrester with tube design in a tube made of glass fiber reinforced plastic or in a ceramic housing. In this case, a substantial part of the mechanical forces is already absorbed by the pipe, and the rods serve only as an additional stabilizing element, so that is to be expected with lower tensile loads.

Obwohl bei den gezeigten Ausführungsformen die Verankerung der Stäbe an den Endarmaturen auf beiden Seiten des Stapels von Varistorblöcken jeweils auf die gleiche Art erfolgte, ist dies nicht zwingend. Beispielsweise können anstelle von glasfaserverstärkten Stäben auch Seile verwendet werden, wobei diese bei einer der Endarmaturen zur Verankerung über eine Schulter geführt werden, und nur bei der gegenüberliegenden Endarmatur mit erfindungsgemäßen Verankerungselementen befestigt werden.Although in the embodiments shown, the anchoring of the rods to the end fittings on both sides of the stack of Varistorblöcken was done in each case in the same way, this is not mandatory. For example, ropes can be used instead of glass fiber reinforced rods, which are guided in one of the end fittings for anchoring over a shoulder, and are fastened only with the opposite end fitting with anchoring elements according to the invention.

Claims (11)

  1. Surge protector, comprising: at least one varistor block (1); at least one end fitting (3); at least one reinforcing element (9) which holds the varistor block (1) rigidly on the end fitting (3), said reinforcing element (9) being a glass-fibre-reinforced plastics material rod or a cable; at least one anchoring element (27) which holds the reinforcing element (9) rigidly on the end fitting (3); characterised in that the anchoring element (27) has at least one edge (29) which cuts into the reinforcing element (9).
  2. Surge protector according to claim 1, characterised in that the varistor block or varistor blocks are formed from a metal oxide, preferably ZnO.
  3. Surge protector according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the end fitting (3) or end fittings (3) are formed from a metal, preferably aluminium.
  4. Surge protector according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the surge protector has a housing (5) with screens (7).
  5. Surge protector according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the reinforcing element (9) holds the end fitting (3) and the varistor block (1) together with a tensile load.
  6. Surge protector according to claim 5, characterised in that the edge (29) of the anchoring element (27) is a cutting ring, which surrounds the glass-fibre-reinforced plastics material rod or the cable and cuts into the surface thereof.
  7. Surge protector according to claim 5, characterised in that the anchoring element (27) is a wedge (33) which cooperates with a corresponding inclined surface on the end fitting (3), the edge (29) being formed as a cutting blade on the side of the wedge (33) which faces the reinforcing element (9), and cutting into the reinforcing element (9) when subjected to a tensile load by the wedge (33) and the inclined surface.
  8. Surge protector according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a plurality of edges (29) are formed on one anchoring element (27) and cooperate with the reinforcing element (9).
  9. Surge protector according to claim 1, characterised in that the anchoring element (27) is connected in an interlocking manner to the reinforcing element (9) and to the end fitting (3).
  10. Surge protector according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the edge (29) cuts into the anchoring element (27) in the opposite direction from the tensile load.
  11. Surge protector according to claim 7, characterised in that the reinforcing element is a tubular segment composed of a glass-fibre-reinforced plastics material.
EP06755259A 2005-05-25 2006-05-18 Surge arrester with a cage embodiment Not-in-force EP1883934B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102005024206A DE102005024206B4 (en) 2005-05-25 2005-05-25 Surge arrester with cage design
PCT/EP2006/062433 WO2006125753A1 (en) 2005-05-25 2006-05-18 Surge arrester with a cage embodiment

Publications (3)

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EP1883934A1 EP1883934A1 (en) 2008-02-06
EP1883934B1 true EP1883934B1 (en) 2009-04-15
EP1883934B2 EP1883934B2 (en) 2012-12-26

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US (1) US8446703B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1883934B2 (en)
JP (1) JP2008543036A (en)
KR (1) KR100910296B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101208759A (en)
AT (1) ATE429019T1 (en)
BR (1) BRPI0608130A2 (en)
DE (2) DE102005024206B4 (en)
RU (1) RU2370842C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2006125753A1 (en)

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RU2370842C2 (en) 2009-10-20
KR100910296B1 (en) 2009-08-03
ATE429019T1 (en) 2009-05-15
DE102005024206B4 (en) 2007-03-15
EP1883934A1 (en) 2008-02-06
BRPI0608130A2 (en) 2009-11-17
KR20080005411A (en) 2008-01-11
DE502006003457D1 (en) 2009-05-28
CN101208759A (en) 2008-06-25
JP2008543036A (en) 2008-11-27
US8446703B2 (en) 2013-05-21
US20080088406A1 (en) 2008-04-17
RU2007148752A (en) 2009-07-10
WO2006125753A1 (en) 2006-11-30
DE102005024206A1 (en) 2006-12-07
EP1883934B2 (en) 2012-12-26

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