EP1872864B1 - Device and method for applying a liquid coating to a surface - Google Patents

Device and method for applying a liquid coating to a surface Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1872864B1
EP1872864B1 EP20070012411 EP07012411A EP1872864B1 EP 1872864 B1 EP1872864 B1 EP 1872864B1 EP 20070012411 EP20070012411 EP 20070012411 EP 07012411 A EP07012411 A EP 07012411A EP 1872864 B1 EP1872864 B1 EP 1872864B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
application
nozzle
coating composition
gas flow
coating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP20070012411
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1872864A3 (en
EP1872864A2 (en
Inventor
Walter Mendelin
Michael Palenberg
Jörg Dobberschütz
Steffen Balack
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mankiewicz Gebr and Co GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Mankiewicz Gebr and Co GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102006029764A external-priority patent/DE102006029764A1/en
Priority claimed from DE200610060397 external-priority patent/DE102006060397A1/en
Priority claimed from DE102006060398A external-priority patent/DE102006060398A1/en
Application filed by Mankiewicz Gebr and Co GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Mankiewicz Gebr and Co GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1872864A2 publication Critical patent/EP1872864A2/en
Publication of EP1872864A3 publication Critical patent/EP1872864A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1872864B1 publication Critical patent/EP1872864B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/04—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases
    • B05D3/0406—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by exposure to gases the gas being air
    • B05D3/042—Directing or stopping the fluid to be coated with air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B13/00—Machines or plants for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces of objects or other work by spraying, not covered by groups B05B1/00 - B05B11/00
    • B05B13/02—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work
    • B05B13/04—Means for supporting work; Arrangement or mounting of spray heads; Adaptation or arrangement of means for feeding work the spray heads being moved during spraying operation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0807—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets
    • B05B7/0815—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point to form intersecting jets with at least one gas jet intersecting a jet constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid for controlling the shape of the latter
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/02—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge
    • B05B7/08—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point
    • B05B7/0884—Spray pistols; Apparatus for discharge with separate outlet orifices, e.g. to form parallel jets, i.e. the axis of the jets being parallel, to form intersecting jets, i.e. the axis of the jets converging but not necessarily intersecting at a point the outlet orifices for jets constituted by a liquid or a mixture containing a liquid being aligned
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying

Definitions

  • the present invention initially relates to a device with an application nozzle.
  • Such devices are known. They may include a robot that can move a nozzle to deliver the liquid to the surface to be coated. This nozzle can apply the liquid to the surface, for example, by means of an air jet called horn air.
  • the devices are used for example for applying paint or release agents on a surface, in particular a body of a motor vehicle.
  • protective coverings such as an underbody protection, or adhesive can be applied to a surface.
  • the problem underlying the present invention is thus to provide a device of the type mentioned, the one can prevent disturbing dripping.
  • the generated air flow can prevent the droplets formed at the end of the application process from reaching the surface in an uncontrolled manner.
  • the air flow can direct the drops on the already applied coating.
  • the air flow can also direct the drops into a separate collecting container or into the collecting area for paint provided in the painting booths.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows the state of the art. From the known device, which may be arranged on a robot, only a part is shown, which includes a nozzle 2. From this nozzle 2, for example, liquid 3 can emerge, which can produce a coating on the schematically indicated workpiece 4. This nozzle 2 can apply the liquid to the surface of the workpiece 4, for example by means of an air flow.
  • Fig. 3 shows the state after the stopping of the robot or after the termination of the actual application process. Liquid 3 drips out of the nozzle in small quantities. These drops of the liquid 3 can fall uncontrollably next to or on the workpiece 4, which is to be coated. This suggested dripping can thus cause the disadvantages already described.
  • a slightly larger part is indicated.
  • This device 1 also comprises a nozzle 2 or a plurality of nozzles 2.
  • the nozzle 2 can emit a liquid 3, which can produce a coating on the workpiece 4.
  • the robot carrying the device 1 can be moved along the arrow 6 relative to the workpiece.
  • the apparatus 1 further comprises means for generating an additional air jet 5 different from the air jet used by the nozzle 2 for applying the coating.
  • These means comprise a compressed air connection 7 and a nozzle, from which the air jet 5 can emerge.
  • the air jet 5 is turned on when the robot stops, that is, when the application process is terminated.
  • the drops of the liquid 3 no longer fall down in an uncontrolled manner, but are deflected by the air jet 5 in a targeted manner. This can, as in Fig. 2 imaged, carried out such that the drops are performed directly on the coating already produced on the surface of the workpiece 4. Alternatively, the drops can also be specifically directed into appropriate collecting means.
  • Another invention relates to a method of making a removable surface protection.
  • This further invention which is sought for protection alone and in combination with the invention set forth above, relates to a process for producing a removable surface protection by applying a liquid, curable coating composition (liquid film) to painted surfaces wherein the liquid coating composition is applied through an application die, the relative over a predetermined, to be protected surface area in an application direction is moved and the liquid coating composition is supplied under pressure, sprayed distributed across the application surface across an application width on the surface, the application by starting and stopping the supply of coating composition to the application nozzle in coordination with their relative movement in the application direction to the predetermined surface area in Application is limited.
  • the movement of the application nozzle is referred to here as relative, since the surface to be coated can be moved when the application nozzle is stationary.
  • Such a procedure is over DE 198 54 760 A1 which describes a method for producing a removable surface protection (liquid film) on a painted motor vehicle body.
  • a liquid is sprayed onto the painted body surface. This liquid solidifies into a peelable film.
  • the application of the liquid via an application nozzle in the form of a fan nozzle to avoid so-called overspray and to achieve edge-sharp application.
  • the application nozzle is moved by a robot arm over the predetermined surface area to be protected in an application direction.
  • the application is limited by starting and terminating the supply of coating composition to the application nozzle in coordination with their movement in the application direction to the given surface area in the application direction, so that only the predefined surface areas are coated.
  • a disadvantage of the method described is the uneven layer thickness of the applied liquid film.
  • the layer thickness at the edges of the applied liquid web is higher than in the middle of the web.
  • the width of the liquid web applied with a fan nozzle varies as a function of the material pressure under which the liquid is discharged from the nozzle.
  • the liquid paths discharged from the fan nozzle must be applied overlapping.
  • the layer thickness of the applied film is additionally increased in the overlapping areas.
  • Uneven layer thicknesses of the applied film lead to uneven drying behavior of the liquid film.
  • DE 10 2004 018 597 B3 describes the application of a liquid film along a web direction with an application head, which consists of a plurality of chambers, which are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction, and one or more in the application direction arranged behind one another rows of adjacent round jet nozzles has (multi-jet).
  • the use of the multi-jet nozzle in liquid roll application has the following advantages: a multiplicity of liquid beads are simultaneously discharged side by side. These liquid beads flow into each other immediately after application and form a fluid path.
  • the layer thicknesses of the caterpillars deposited within the liquid web and the caterpillars deposited at the edge of the liquid web are the same. Ie. the layer thickness of the liquid web thus applied is more uniform across the width of the web than when using a fan nozzle.
  • the width of the applied liquid web is less dependent on the material pressure than when using a fan nozzle. Therefore, it is not necessary to overlap the individual liquid webs to coat larger areas with a closed film. The layer thickness distribution is therefore more uniform than when using a fan nozzle.
  • a common disadvantage of both of the previously described methods is the following: Before the start of the application process, the application nozzle is separated from the line supplying the liquid coating composition by a closed valve. The material is already below the pressure required for the application in the line. The dead volumes of the nozzle are at this time either not yet filled with material or contain material that is under lower pressure than the pressure selected for the application.
  • the valve is opened.
  • the liquid coating composition flows into the nozzle of the application head and there is an increase in the material pressure within the dead volume of the nozzle. Depending on the shape of the flow paths within the nozzle structure, this can result in an abruptly increased material pressure in the dead volume of the nozzle. Only in the course of the application, then under constant flow conditions, a constant material pressure.
  • the flying material droplets contaminate the vehicle surface outside the predetermined surface area to be protected which is to be coated. These impurities must be removed by hand after drying the liquid foil.
  • the overpressure prevailing in the dead volume of the nozzle in comparison with the ambient pressure generates the material flow through the outlet openings of the nozzle.
  • the material pressure in the dead volume of the nozzle remains constant.
  • the speed of the material discharged from the nozzle is proportional to the material overpressure prevailing in the dead volume of the nozzle in the jet direction.
  • the speed of the material discharged from the nozzle is in the direction of application, i. parallel to the plane of the surface to be coated (horizontal), proportional to the speed of movement of the robot arm, which guides the application head with the nozzle over the surface to be coated.
  • the valve which separates the material supply from the dead volume of the nozzle, is closed. Thereafter, the material pressure in the dead volume of the nozzle decreases due to the still ongoing material discharge from the nozzle to ambient pressure.
  • the vertical speed of the material discharged from the nozzle is lower than during the application.
  • the material flies longer through the air until it hits the surface to be coated.
  • the horizontal speed of the discharged material is unchanged by the feed speed of the robot arm.
  • the material discharged from the nozzle flies farther in the feed direction of the robot arm than during the application. This leads especially at high application speed, i. high feed rate of the robot arm, to impurities beyond the specified surface area on surfaces that are not supposed to be coated.
  • the application rate which was previously limited by the occurrence of impurities at high speeds when using the multi-jet nozzle, should be increased.
  • nozzle devices in the application direction in front of and behind the application nozzle which are designed to direct a gas flow over the application width when starting the application, to be directed from the back at an angle to the spray jet of the application nozzle in the direction of application, and on termination the application a gas flow distributed over the application width, in the application direction from the front at an angle to the spray jet of the application nozzle to each to prevent overspraying of coating composition beyond the predetermined surface area and to direct the spray jet in the predetermined surface area.
  • the respective nozzle device with compressed gas, e.g. Compressed air, applied.
  • compressed gas e.g. Compressed air
  • the air flowing out of the nozzle openings forms an "air curtain" which blows the liquid emerging from the spray nozzle onto the surface to be coated or already coated.
  • the supply of compressed air to the rear nozzle device is terminated.
  • the compressed air supply to the front nozzle device is started at a predetermined time with respect to the closing of the valve in the material supply.
  • a significant advantage of this embodiment with pre-wetting compared to application methods without pre-wetting is the material savings of 15 to 20% per unit area, which is achieved in the preferred method.
  • washing surfaces to be coated with water or aqueous cleaning agents is known as pretreatment prior to coating. It removes impurities that could interfere with the adhesion of the coating to the surface. The water or the aqueous cleaning agent but before the application of the Coating material completely removed from the surface.
  • the surface is treated in step a) with water, which can optionally be condensed by condensation on the surface of water supersaturated air.
  • the pretreatment by condensation has the advantage that the generated water layer thicknesses are uniform and low.
  • it can be dispensed with application technology for the spraying of water.
  • the treatment with water or the aqueous solution of surface-active substances takes place on the surface by spraying.
  • the temperature of the surface in step a) is 1 ° C to 50 ° C, preferably 5 ° C to 40 ° C, more preferably 10 ° C to 30 ° C, especially 15 ° C to 25 ° C.
  • the coating structure on the vehicle surface is preferably a typical car body painting, which consists for example of a cathodic dip coating, optionally a filler, a basecoat and additionally a clearcoat as topcoat. But it is also possible that a pigmented topcoat is used instead of basecoat and transparent clearcoat.
  • the used as a final topcoat transparent or pigmented lacquer may be a lacquer based on, for example, a one- or two-component polyurethane system, or a melamine resin / polyol system.
  • the polyols used to formulate the topcoat lacquer can be polyester, polyacrylate or polycarbonate polyols.
  • the coating composition is applied less than 25 minutes after step a), more preferably 0.1 second to 25 minutes, especially 0.1 second to 15 minutes, such as 0.1 second to 10 minutes, or 1 second to 1 minute, for example 1 second to 45 seconds, or 1 second to 30 seconds after step a).
  • the coating composition is preferably a water-dilutable coating material based on e.g. As polymer dispersions, in particular polyurethane dispersions and more preferably dispersions of polyesterurethanes.
  • a multi-jet nozzle having 1 to 6 rows of 5 to 500 nozzles each, more preferably 10 to 320 nozzles, particularly 20 to 160 nozzles, such as 40 to 80 nozzles.
  • higher viscosity coating compositions can be used as compared to the non-wetting process.
  • Preferred viscosity ranges are 5 to 40, preferably 10 to 35, in particular 15 to 30 Pa ⁇ s.
  • the layer thickness of the cured coating composition is preferably 40 to 170 ⁇ m, more preferably 50 to 160 ⁇ m, especially 60 to 130 ⁇ m, for example 70 to 120 ⁇ m, such as 80 to 110 ⁇ m or 90 to 100 ⁇ m.
  • the curing in step c) can be carried out at elevated temperature, for example at 10 ° C to 90 ° C, preferably 15 ° C to 80 ° C, especially 15 ° C to 60 ° C, such as 20 ° C to 50 ° C.
  • FIG. 4 an application nozzle with attached nozzle devices in a side view (in the illustration above) and in plan view from below (in the illustration below), and
  • FIG. 5 a side view of the assembly of application nozzle and nozzle devices with indicated spray jet and gas flows shows.
  • FIG. 4 shows the application nozzle 2a, on whose sides in each case a nozzle device 10 and 20 is mounted.
  • the application nozzle 2a may have a tube closed at one end and substantially rectangular in cross section; alternatively, the tube may also be open on both sides and provided with a coating composition port.
  • On the underside of the tubular body are in a row along the longitudinal axis of the tubular body, a plurality of holes. The diameter of the holes can be up to 2 mm.
  • the nozzle device 10 (20) also has an elongated tubular hollow body, which comprises on its underside a fan nozzle in the form of an elongated slot 12 (22) which extends parallel to the application nozzle row.
  • the nozzle devices 10, 20 are each mounted inclined to the application nozzle 2a in that the gas streams emerging from the slots 12, 22 of the nozzle devices 10, 20 are inclined to the spray jet 4a emerging from the application nozzle, this angle of inclination preferably being in the range of 25 to 35 °.
  • the nozzle devices 10, 20 are supplied with compressed air by supply lines (not shown) which are connected to the hollow bodies at both ends.
  • the slots 12, 22 for discharging the gas streams it is also possible to provide rows of individual nozzles instead of the slots on the nozzle devices, these nozzle rows then being approximately Overall size and arrangement as the fan slots 12, 22 have.
  • FIG. 5 schematically shows the arrangement of the application nozzle 2 with the nozzle devices 10, 20 mounted thereon in a side view.
  • the application direction ie the direction in which the application nozzle is moved over the surface to be coated, is indicated by the horizontal arrow.
  • the spray jet of the application nozzle 2a is denoted by 4a.
  • the nozzle device 20 is supplied with compressed air, so that the air flow indicated by dashed lines impinges on the spray jet 4 of the application nozzle 2a and deflects it into the jet 4 '.
  • the nozzle device 10 is actuated and generates an air flow indicated by dashed lines, which is emitted at an angle b to the spray jet 4a of the application nozzle 2a and deflects the spray jet 4a into the spray jet 4 ", thus overspraying at the end of the application of material to avoid the coating surface.
  • the control of the movement of the application nozzle 2a in Apptikationscardi, the coating material supply to the application nozzle 2a and coordinated with the control of compressed air supply to the nozzle means is carried out by a programmed control device, in the control parameters on the coating material supply, compressed air supply to the nozzle devices and information about the to be coated, predetermined surface can be entered.
  • the coating composition is conveyed by means of a suitable metering device (pump) and discharged through a nozzle consisting of a plurality of holes.
  • the individual beads forming on exit from the nozzle combine to form a closed film upon impact with the surface.
  • a certain overpressure is required, which allows the merging of the individual tracks and tracks into a film.
  • FIG. 7 illustrates the advantages of the method according to the invention and correspondingly produced coatings.
  • the aim of the invention is inter alia the reduction of the applied amount of coating composition per unit area.
  • the applied caterpillars and webs of coating composition do not form a closed film (left). Only the pre-wetting leads by running the individual tracks to a film (right).
  • the surface to be protected is pre-wetted, which leads to its uniform flow in the subsequent application of the liquid film, namely at lower application pressures and thus also amounts of coating composition.
  • FIG. 8 Figure 12 illustrates the peeling of a coating made according to the invention according to an embodiment of the invention, showing the step of peeling off of a bonnet.
  • a water-dilutable one-component coating composition based on a polyurethane dispersion was applied for the preservation of surfaces such as, for example, automobile bodies.
  • the composition forms after drying (even at room temperature) a mechanically and chemically highly resistant protective layer (dried remplissigfofie). This can be removed by hand (peel off), as it is only connected by relatively weak adhesion forces with the surface to be protected.
  • the dried composition is typically removed from the surface by simply peeling it off immediately prior to delivery of the automobile, exposing the underlying topcoat.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft zunächst eine Vorrichtung mit einer Applikationsdüse.The present invention initially relates to a device with an application nozzle.

Derartige Vorrichtungen sind bekannt. Sie können einen Roboter umfassen, der eine Düse zur Abgabe der Flüssigkeit gegenüber der zu beschichtenden Oberfläche bewegen kann. Diese Düse kann die Flüssigkeit beispielsweise mittels eines Luftstrahls, der als Hornluft bezeichnet wird, auf die Oberfläche aufbringen. Die Vorrichtungen dienen beispielsweise zum Aufbringen von Lack oder Trennmitteln auf eine Oberfläche, insbesondere eine Karosserie eines Kraftfahrzeugs. Weiterhin können mit einer derartigen Vorrichtung auch Schutzbeläge, wie beispielsweise ein Unterbodenschutz, oder auch Kleber auf eine Oberfläche aufgebracht werden.Such devices are known. They may include a robot that can move a nozzle to deliver the liquid to the surface to be coated. This nozzle can apply the liquid to the surface, for example, by means of an air jet called horn air. The devices are used for example for applying paint or release agents on a surface, in particular a body of a motor vehicle. Furthermore, with such a device also protective coverings, such as an underbody protection, or adhesive can be applied to a surface.

Problematisch ist bei aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Vorrichtungen das Nachtropfen der beispielsweise als Düse ausgeführten Abgabemittel nach dem Beendigen des Aufbringvorgangs. Beispielsweise bei dem Aufbringen von Lack erweist sich das Nachtropfen als ausgesprochen störend, weil die bereits lackierte Oberfläche durch nachträglich aufgebrachte Tropfen optisch beeinträchtigt wird.The problem with devices known from the prior art is the dripping of, for example, the nozzle discharge means after the completion of the application process. For example, in the application of paint, dripping turns out to be extremely disturbing, because the already painted surface is visually impaired by subsequently applied drops.

Aus der US 4,857,367 ist eine Verfahren und ein System zum Beschichten eines knappen Bereichs einer Oberfläche beschrieben, bei dem mittels eines Luftvorhangs verhindert wird, dass ein anderer Bereich der Oberfläche beschichtet wird. In der EP 0 578 119 A1 wird ein Verfahren zum Auftragen einer einzelnen Haftmittelbeschichtung auf ein Substrat, welches durch Vorder- und Hinterrändern begrenzt ist, beschrieben. Bei dem Verfahren wird ein extrudierendes Beschichtungsmaterial mit Luft in einem Winkel beaufschlagt wird, um eine einzelne Haftmittelbschichtung mit gleichmäßigen Vorder- und Hinterrändern auf dem Substrat zu erzeugen.From the US 4,857,367 For example, a method and system for coating a short portion of a surface is described in which an air curtain prevents a different area of the surface from being coated. In the EP 0 578 119 A1 For example, a method of applying a single adhesive coating to a substrate bounded by leading and trailing edges will be described. In the method, air is applied to an extruding coating material at an angle to produce a single adhesive coating having uniform leading and trailing edges on the substrate.

Das der vorliegenden Erfindung zugrunde liegende Problem ist somit die Schaffung einer Vorrichtung der eingangs genannten Art, die ein störendes Nachtropfen verhindern kann.The problem underlying the present invention is thus to provide a device of the type mentioned, the one can prevent disturbing dripping.

Dies wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Vorrichtung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 erreicht. Die Unteransprüche betreffen bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung.This is inventively achieved by a device having the features of claim 1. The subclaims relate to preferred embodiments of the invention.

Zwar ist aus anderen Bereichen eine Zerstäubung von kleinen Flüssigkeitsmengen bekannt, bspw. aus der DE 3809517 A1 . Die dort gewünschte Zerstäubung ist jedoch für die hier erforderliche Präzision ungeeignet. Der erzeugte Luftstrom kann verhindern, dass die bei Beendigung des Aufbringvorgangs entstehenden Tropfen unkontrolliert auf die Oberfläche gelangen. Beispielsweise kann der Luftstrom die Tropfen auf den bereits aufgebrachten Belag lenken. Alternativ kann der Luftstrom die Tropfen auch in einen gesonderten Auffangbehälter oder in den in Lackierkabinen vorgesehenen Auffangbereich für Lack lenken.Although from other areas an atomization of small amounts of liquid is known, for example. From the DE 3809517 A1 , The atomization desired there, however, is unsuitable for the precision required here. The generated air flow can prevent the droplets formed at the end of the application process from reaching the surface in an uncontrolled manner. For example, the air flow can direct the drops on the already applied coating. Alternatively, the air flow can also direct the drops into a separate collecting container or into the collecting area for paint provided in the painting booths.

Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung werden deutlich anhand der nachfolgenden Beschreibung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele unter Bezugnahme auf die beiliegenden Abbildungen. Darin zeigen

Fig. 1
eine schematische Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;
Fig. 2
eine um 90° gedrehte schematische Seitenansicht der Vorrichtung gemäß Fig. 1;
Fig. 3
eine schematische Seitenansicht einer Vorrichtung gemäß dem Stand der Technik.
Further features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following description of preferred embodiments with reference to the accompanying drawings. Show in it
Fig. 1
a schematic side view of a device according to the invention;
Fig. 2
a rotated by 90 ° schematic side view of the device according to Fig. 1 ;
Fig. 3
a schematic side view of a device according to the prior art.

Aus Fig. 3 ist schematisch der Stand der Technik ersichtlich. Von der bekannten Vorrichtung, die an einem Roboter angeordnet sein kann, ist lediglich ein Teil abgebildet, der eine Düse 2 umfasst. Aus dieser Düse 2 kann beispielsweise Flüssigkeit 3 austreten, die auf dem schematisch angedeuteten Werkstück 4 einen Belag erzeugen kann. Diese Düse 2 kann die Flüssigkeit beispielsweise mittels eines Luftstroms auf die Oberfläche des Werkstücks 4 aufbringen. Fig. 3 zeigt den Zustand nach dem Abstoppen des Roboters beziehungsweise nach dem Beenden des eigentlichen Aufbringvorgangs. Aus der Düse tropft noch Flüssigkeit 3 In kleinen Mengen heraus. Diese Tropfen der Flüssigkeit 3 können unkontrolliert neben oder auf das Werkstück 4 fallen, das beschichtet werden soll. Dieses angedeutete Nachtropfen kann also die bereits geschilderten Nachteile bewirken.Out Fig. 3 schematically shows the state of the art. From the known device, which may be arranged on a robot, only a part is shown, which includes a nozzle 2. From this nozzle 2, for example, liquid 3 can emerge, which can produce a coating on the schematically indicated workpiece 4. This nozzle 2 can apply the liquid to the surface of the workpiece 4, for example by means of an air flow. Fig. 3 shows the state after the stopping of the robot or after the termination of the actual application process. Liquid 3 drips out of the nozzle in small quantities. These drops of the liquid 3 can fall uncontrollably next to or on the workpiece 4, which is to be coated. This suggested dripping can thus cause the disadvantages already described.

Von der in Fig. 1 und Fig. 2 abgebildeten Ausführungsform einer erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung 1, die ebenfalls an einem Roboter angeordnet sein kann, ist ein etwas größerer Teil angedeutet. Auch diese Vorrichtung 1 umfasst eine Düse 2 oder auch eine Mehrzahl von Düsen 2. Die Düse 2 kann eine Flüssigkeit 3 abgeben, die auf dem Werkstück 4 einen Belag erzeugen kann. Dabei kann der die Vorrichtung 1 tragende Roboter längs des Pfeils 6 relativ zu dem Werkstück bewegt werden.From the in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 shown embodiment of a device 1 according to the invention, which may also be arranged on a robot, a slightly larger part is indicated. This device 1 also comprises a nozzle 2 or a plurality of nozzles 2. The nozzle 2 can emit a liquid 3, which can produce a coating on the workpiece 4. In this case, the robot carrying the device 1 can be moved along the arrow 6 relative to the workpiece.

Die Vorrichtung 1 umfasst weiterhin Mittel zur Erzeugung eines zusätzlichen Luftstrahls 5, der von dem von der Düse 2 zur Aufbringung des Belages verwendeten Luftstrahl verschieden ist. Diese Mittel umfassen einen Druckluftanschluss 7 sowie eine Düse, aus der der Luftstrahl 5 austreten kann. Der Luftstrahl 5 wird eingeschaltet, wenn der Roboter stoppt, wenn also der Aufbringvorgang beendet wird. Im Gegensatz zum in Fig. 3 abgebildeten Stand der Technik fallen nun die Tropfen der Flüssigkeit 3 nicht mehr unkontrolliert herab, sondern werden von dem Luftstrahl 5 gezielt abgelenkt. Dies kann, wie in Fig. 2 abgebildet, derart erfolgen, dass die Tropfen direkt auf den bereits auf der Oberfläche des Werkstücks 4 erzeugten Belag geführt werden. Alternativ können die Tropfen auch gezielt in entsprechende Auffangmittel gelenkt werden.The apparatus 1 further comprises means for generating an additional air jet 5 different from the air jet used by the nozzle 2 for applying the coating. These means comprise a compressed air connection 7 and a nozzle, from which the air jet 5 can emerge. The air jet 5 is turned on when the robot stops, that is, when the application process is terminated. Unlike in Fig. 3 As shown in the prior art, the drops of the liquid 3 no longer fall down in an uncontrolled manner, but are deflected by the air jet 5 in a targeted manner. This can, as in Fig. 2 imaged, carried out such that the drops are performed directly on the coating already produced on the surface of the workpiece 4. Alternatively, the drops can also be specifically directed into appropriate collecting means.

Eine weitere Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines entfernbaren Oberflächenschutzes. Diese weitere Erfindung, für die alleine und in Kombination mit der oben dargestellten Erfindung Schutz begehrt wird, betrifft ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines entfernbaren Oberflächenschutzes durch Applikation einer flüssigen, härtbaren Beschichtungszusammensetzung (Flüssigfolie) auf lackierte Oberflächen, bei dem die flüssige Beschichtungszusammensetzung durch eine Applikationsdüse, die über einen vorgegebenen, zu schützenden Oberflächenbereich in einer Applikationsrichtung relativ bewegt und der flüssige Beschichtungszusammensetzung unter Druck zugeführt wird, quer zur Applikationsrichtung über eine Applikationsbreite verteilt auf die Oberfläche gespritzt wird, wobei die Applikation durch Starten und Beenden der Zufuhr von Beschichtungszusammensetzung zu der Applikationsdüse in Koordination mit deren relativer Bewegung in Applikationsrichtung auf den vorgegebenen Oberflächenbereich in Applikationsrichtung beschränkt wird. Die Bewegung der Applikationsdüse wird hier als relativ bezeichnet, da bei ruhender Applikationsdüse auch die zu beschichtende Oberfläche bewegt werden kann.Another invention relates to a method of making a removable surface protection. This further invention, which is sought for protection alone and in combination with the invention set forth above, relates to a process for producing a removable surface protection by applying a liquid, curable coating composition (liquid film) to painted surfaces wherein the liquid coating composition is applied through an application die, the relative over a predetermined, to be protected surface area in an application direction is moved and the liquid coating composition is supplied under pressure, sprayed distributed across the application surface across an application width on the surface, the application by starting and stopping the supply of coating composition to the application nozzle in coordination with their relative movement in the application direction to the predetermined surface area in Application is limited. The movement of the application nozzle is referred to here as relative, since the surface to be coated can be moved when the application nozzle is stationary.

Ein derartiges Verfahren ist aus DE 198 54 760 A1 bekannt, die ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines entfernbaren Oberflächenschutzes (Flüssigfolie) auf einer lackierten Kraftfahrzeugkarosserie beschreibt. Dabei wird eine Flüssigkeit auf die lackierte Karosseriefläche gesprüht. Diese Flüssigkeit verfestigt sich zu einer abziehbaren Folie. Die Applikation der Flüssigkeit erfolgt über eine Applikationsdüse in Form einer Fächerdüse, um sogenanntes Overspray zu vermeiden und eine kanten-scharfe Applikation zu erreichen. Die Applikationsdüse wird durch einen Roboterarm über den vorgegebenen, zu schützenden Oberflächenbereich in einer Applikationsrichtung bewegt. Die Applikation wird durch Starten und Beenden der Zufuhr von Beschichtungszusammensetzung zu der Applikationsdüse in Koordination mit deren Bewegung in Applikationsrichtung auf den vor gegebenen Oberflächenbereich in Applikationsrichtung beschränkt, so dass nur die vordefinierten Oberflächebereiche beschichtet werden.Such a procedure is over DE 198 54 760 A1 which describes a method for producing a removable surface protection (liquid film) on a painted motor vehicle body. A liquid is sprayed onto the painted body surface. This liquid solidifies into a peelable film. The application of the liquid via an application nozzle in the form of a fan nozzle to avoid so-called overspray and to achieve edge-sharp application. The application nozzle is moved by a robot arm over the predetermined surface area to be protected in an application direction. The application is limited by starting and terminating the supply of coating composition to the application nozzle in coordination with their movement in the application direction to the given surface area in the application direction, so that only the predefined surface areas are coated.

Ein Nachteil des beschriebenen Verfahrens ist die ungleichmäßige Schichtdicke des applizierten Flüssigkeitsfilmes. So ist die Schichtdicke an den Rändern der applizierten Flüssigkeitsbahn höher als in der Mitte der Bahn. Die Breite der mit einer Fächerdüse applizierten Flüssigkeitsbahn schwankt in Abhängigkeit vom Materialdruck unter dem die Flüssigkeit aus der Düse ausgetragen wird. Um größere Flächen mit einem geschlossenen Flüssigkeitsfilm zu belegen, müssen die aus der Fächerdüse ausgetragenen Flüssigkeitsbahnen überlappend appliziert werden. Dabei wird die Schichtdicke des applizierten Filmes in den Überlappungsbereichen zusätzlich erhöht.A disadvantage of the method described is the uneven layer thickness of the applied liquid film. Thus, the layer thickness at the edges of the applied liquid web is higher than in the middle of the web. The width of the liquid web applied with a fan nozzle varies as a function of the material pressure under which the liquid is discharged from the nozzle. In order to cover larger surfaces with a closed liquid film, the liquid paths discharged from the fan nozzle must be applied overlapping. The layer thickness of the applied film is additionally increased in the overlapping areas.

Ungleichmäßige Schichtdicken des applizierten Filmes führen zu ungleichmäßigem Trocknungsverhalten des Flüssigkeitsfilmes. Um an allen Stellen der beschichteten Fläche einen vollständig durchgetrockneten Film zu erhalten ist es notwendig die Trocknungsbedingungen an der größtmöglichen auftretenden Schichtdicke zu orientieren. Das führt entweder zu hohen Trocknungstemperaturen oder zu längeren Trocknungszeiten.Uneven layer thicknesses of the applied film lead to uneven drying behavior of the liquid film. In order to obtain a completely through-dried film at all points of the coated surface, it is necessary to orient the drying conditions at the greatest possible layer thickness. This leads either to high drying temperatures or to longer drying times.

DE 10 2004 018 597 B3 beschreibt die Applikation einer Flüssigfolie entlang einer Bahnrichtung mit einem Applikationskopf, der aus mehreren Kammern besteht, die in Fließrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind, und der eine oder mehrere in Applikationsrichtung hintereinander angeordnete Reihen nebeneinander liegender Rundstrahldüsen aufweist (Multistrahldüse). Die Verwendung der Multistrahldüse bei der Flüssigfollenapplikation hat folgende Vorteile: Es werden gleichzeitig eine Vielzahl von Flüssigkeitsraupen nebeneinander ausgetragen. Diese Flüssigkeitsraupen verfließen unmittelbar nach der Applikation ineinander und bilden eine Flüssigkeitsbahn. Die Schichtdicken der innerhalb der Flüssigkeitsbahn abgelegten Raupen und der am Rand der Flüssigkeitsbahn abgelegten Raupen ist gleich. D. h. die Schichtdicke der so applizierten Flüssigkeitsbahn ist über die Bahnbreite gleichmäßiger als bei Verwendung einer Fächerdüse. DE 10 2004 018 597 B3 describes the application of a liquid film along a web direction with an application head, which consists of a plurality of chambers, which are arranged one behind the other in the flow direction, and one or more in the application direction arranged behind one another rows of adjacent round jet nozzles has (multi-jet). The use of the multi-jet nozzle in liquid roll application has the following advantages: a multiplicity of liquid beads are simultaneously discharged side by side. These liquid beads flow into each other immediately after application and form a fluid path. The layer thicknesses of the caterpillars deposited within the liquid web and the caterpillars deposited at the edge of the liquid web are the same. Ie. the layer thickness of the liquid web thus applied is more uniform across the width of the web than when using a fan nozzle.

Bei Verwendung einer Multistrahldüse ist die Breite der applizierten Flüssigkeitsbahn weniger stark vom Materialdruck abhängig als bei Verwendung einer Fächerdüse. Deshalb ist es zur Beschichtung größerer Flächen mit einem geschlossenen Film nicht notwendig die einzelnen Flüssigkeitsbahnen überlappend aufzutragen. Die Schichtdickenverteilung ist deshalb gleichmäßiger als bei Verwendung einer Fächerdüse.When using a multi-jet nozzle, the width of the applied liquid web is less dependent on the material pressure than when using a fan nozzle. Therefore, it is not necessary to overlap the individual liquid webs to coat larger areas with a closed film. The layer thickness distribution is therefore more uniform than when using a fan nozzle.

Ein gemeinsamer Nachteil beider zuvor beschriebener Verfahren ist folgender: Vor Beginn des Applikationsprozesses, ist die Applikationsdüse durch ein geschlossenes Ventil von der die flüssige Beschichtungszusammensetzung zuführenden Leitung getrennt. In der Leitung steht das Material bereits unter dem für die Applikation notwendigen Druck. Die Totvolumina der Düse sind zu diesem Zeitpunkt entweder noch nicht mit Material gefüllt oder enthalten Material, das unter geringerem Druck als dem zur Applikation gewählten Druck steht.A common disadvantage of both of the previously described methods is the following: Before the start of the application process, the application nozzle is separated from the line supplying the liquid coating composition by a closed valve. The material is already below the pressure required for the application in the line. The dead volumes of the nozzle are at this time either not yet filled with material or contain material that is under lower pressure than the pressure selected for the application.

Zu Beginn der Applikation wird das Ventil geöffnet. Die flüssige Beschichtungszusammensetzung strömt in die Düse des Applikationskopfes und es kommt es zu einem Ansteigen des Materialdruckes innerhalb des Totvolumens der Düse. Dabei kann es je nach Ausformung der Fließwege Innerhalb der Düsenkonstruktlon zu stoßartig erhöhtem Materialdruck im Totvolumen der Düse kommen. Erst im Lauf der Applikation stellt sich unter dann konstanten Fließverhältnissen ein konstanter Materialdruck ein.At the beginning of the application, the valve is opened. The liquid coating composition flows into the nozzle of the application head and there is an increase in the material pressure within the dead volume of the nozzle. Depending on the shape of the flow paths within the nozzle structure, this can result in an abruptly increased material pressure in the dead volume of the nozzle. Only in the course of the application, then under constant flow conditions, a constant material pressure.

Die am Beginn der Applikation auftretenden Druckstöße könne dazu führen, dass das Material mit unerwünscht hoher Geschwindigkeit aus der Düse ausgetragen wird und nach dem Auftreffen auf die zu beschichtende Oberfläche zurückspritzt.The pressure surges occurring at the beginning of the application could lead to the material being discharged from the nozzle at an undesirably high speed and to splash back after being hit on the surface to be coated.

Die herumfliegenden Materialtröpfchen verunreinigen die Fahrzeugoberfläche außerhalb des vorgegebenen, zu schützenden Oberflächenbereichs, der beschichtet werden soll. Diese Verunreinigungen müssen nach der Trocknung der Flüssigfolie aufwendig händisch entfernt werden.The flying material droplets contaminate the vehicle surface outside the predetermined surface area to be protected which is to be coated. These impurities must be removed by hand after drying the liquid foil.

Darüber hinaus ist es möglich, dass beim Auftreffen des Materials auf die zu beschichtende Fläche Luft in den applizierten Film eingeschlossen wird, und zu Filmdefekten wie z. B. Schaum und Blasen führt.Moreover, it is possible that upon impact of the material on the surface to be coated air is trapped in the applied film, and film defects such. As foam and bubbles leads.

Während der Applikation erzeugt der im Totvolumen der Düse im Vergleich zum Umgebungsdruck herrschende Überdruck den Materialfluss durch die Austrittsöffnungen der Düse. Dabei bleibt der Materialdruckruck im Totvolumen der Düse konstant.During application, the overpressure prevailing in the dead volume of the nozzle in comparison with the ambient pressure generates the material flow through the outlet openings of the nozzle. The material pressure in the dead volume of the nozzle remains constant.

Die Geschwindigkeit des aus der Düse ausgetragenen Materials ist in Strahlrichtung proportional zu dem im Totvolumen der Düse herrschenden Materialüberdruck.The speed of the material discharged from the nozzle is proportional to the material overpressure prevailing in the dead volume of the nozzle in the jet direction.

Die Geschwindigkeit des aus der Düse ausgetragenen Materials ist in Applikationsrichtung, d.h. parallel zur Ebene der zu beschichtenden Fläche (horizontal), proportional zur Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit des Roboterarmes, der den Applikationskopf mit der Düse über die zu beschichtende Fläche führt.The speed of the material discharged from the nozzle is in the direction of application, i. parallel to the plane of the surface to be coated (horizontal), proportional to the speed of movement of the robot arm, which guides the application head with the nozzle over the surface to be coated.

Am Ende der Applikation wird das Ventil, das die Materialzuführung vom Totvolumen der Düse trennt, geschlossen. Danach sinkt der Materialdruck im Totvolumen der Düse bedingt durch den noch andauernden Materialaustrag aus der Düse bis auf Umgebungsdruck ab.At the end of the application, the valve, which separates the material supply from the dead volume of the nozzle, is closed. Thereafter, the material pressure in the dead volume of the nozzle decreases due to the still ongoing material discharge from the nozzle to ambient pressure.

Das führt dazu, dass die vertikale Geschwindigkeit des aus der Düse ausgetragenen Materials geringer ist als während der Applikation. Das Material fliegt länger durch die Luft, bis es auf die zu beschichtende Fläche auftrifft. Die Horizontale Geschwindigkeit des ausgetragenen Materials ist aber unverändert durch die Vorschubgeschwindigkeit des Roboterarmes gegeben.As a result, the vertical speed of the material discharged from the nozzle is lower than during the application. The material flies longer through the air until it hits the surface to be coated. However, the horizontal speed of the discharged material is unchanged by the feed speed of the robot arm.

Deshalb fliegt am Ende der Applikation das aus der Düse ausgetragene Material weiter in Vorschubrichtung des Roboterarmes als während der Applikation. Das führt vor allem bei hoher Applikationsgeschwindigkeit, d.h. hoher Vorschubgeschwindigkeit des Roboterarmes, zu Verunreinigungen über den vorgegebenen Oberflächenbereich hinaus auf Flächen, die eigentlich nicht beschichtet werden sollen.Therefore, at the end of the application, the material discharged from the nozzle flies farther in the feed direction of the robot arm than during the application. This leads especially at high application speed, i. high feed rate of the robot arm, to impurities beyond the specified surface area on surfaces that are not supposed to be coated.

Diese Verunreinigungen treten zwar überwiegend bei der Verwendung von Multistrahldüsen auf, sind aber auch durch die Verwendung von Fächerdüsen nicht vollständig zu vermeiden.Although these impurities occur predominantly in the use of multi-jet nozzles, but can not be completely avoided by the use of fan nozzles.

Das Entfernen dieser Verunreinigungen kann nur händisch nach dem Trocknen der Flüssigfolie erfolgen, und ist deshalb sehr aufwändig.The removal of these impurities can only be done manually after drying the liquid film, and is therefore very expensive.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, Verunreinigungen entgegenzuwirken, die bei der roboterunterstützten Applikation von Flüssigfolie mit Spritzdüsen unterschiedlicher Bauweise bisher zu Beginn und am Ende der Applikation nicht zu vermeiden waren.It is an object of the present invention to counteract impurities that were previously unavoidable in the robot-assisted application of liquid film with spray nozzles of different construction at the beginning and at the end of the application.

Darüber hinaus sollte eine Möglichkeit gefunden werden, die Vorteile der Applikation von Flüssigfolie mit der Multistrahldüse nutzen zu können, ohne gleichzeitig einen gegenüber der Applikation mit der Fächerdüse erhöhten Aufwand zur Reinigung der beschichteten KFZ-Karossierie in Kauf zu nehmen zu müssen.In addition, a possibility should be found to be able to use the advantages of the application of liquid film with the multi-jet without having to take at the same time an increased compared to the application with the fan nozzle effort to clean the coated car body.

Außerdem soll die Applikationsgeschwindigkeit, die bei Verwendung der Multistrahldüse bisher durch das Auftreten von Verunreinigungen bei hohen Geschwindigkeiten begrenzt wurde, erhöht werden.In addition, the application rate, which was previously limited by the occurrence of impurities at high speeds when using the multi-jet nozzle, should be increased.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe dienen die kennzeichnenden Merkmale der unabhängigen Ansprüche. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den Unteransprüchen aufgeführt.To solve this problem, the characterizing features of the independent claims. Advantageous embodiments of the invention are listed in the subclaims.

Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, dass Düseneinrichtungen in Applikationsrichtung vor und hinter der Applikationsdüse vorhanden sind, die dazu ausgestaltet sind, beim Starten der Applikation einen Gasstrom verteilt über die Applikationsbreite, in Applikationsrichtung von hinten unter einem Winkel auf den Spritzstrahl der Applikationsdüse zu richten, und beim Beenden der Applikation einen Gasstrom verteilt über die Applikationsbreite, in Applikationsrichtung von vorne unter einem Winkel auf den Spritzstrahl der Applikationsdüse zu richten, um jeweils einem Überspritzen (Overspraying) von Beschichtungszusammensetzung über den vorgegebenen Oberflächenbereich hinaus entgegenzuwirken und den Spritzstrahl in den vorgegebenen Oberflächenbereich zu lenken.According to the invention, provision is made for nozzle devices in the application direction in front of and behind the application nozzle, which are designed to direct a gas flow over the application width when starting the application, to be directed from the back at an angle to the spray jet of the application nozzle in the direction of application, and on termination the application a gas flow distributed over the application width, in the application direction from the front at an angle to the spray jet of the application nozzle to each to prevent overspraying of coating composition beyond the predetermined surface area and to direct the spray jet in the predetermined surface area.

Durch jeweils eine Düseneinrichtung, die in Applikationsrichtung (= Vorschubrichtung des Roboterarmes, falls die relative Bewegung dadurch bewirkt wird) vor und hinter der Applikationsdüse angeordnet ist und zu Beginn der Applikation in Vorschubrichtung und am Ende der Applikation entgegen der Vorschubrichtung einen, vorzugsweise laminaren, Gasstrom erzeugt, können Verunreinigungen vermieden werden. Dabei ist es vorteilhaft, wenn der durch die Düseneinrichtung erzeugte Gasstrom in einem Winkel von 25 bis 35 Grad auf den Spritzstrahl gerichtet ist.By a respective nozzle device which is in the application direction (= feed direction of the robot arm, if the relative movement is effected) in front of and behind the application nozzle and at the beginning of the application in the feed direction and at the end of the application against the feed direction, a preferably laminar, gas flow produced, impurities can be avoided. It is advantageous if the gas flow generated by the nozzle device is directed at an angle of 25 to 35 degrees to the spray jet.

Zum Zeitpunkt des Schaltens (auf oder zu) des Ventils in derAt the time of switching (on or off) of the valve in the

Materialzuführung zu der Applikationsdüse wird die jeweilige Düseneinrichtung mit Druckgas, z.B. Druckluft, beaufschlagt. Die aus den Düsenöffnungen ausströmende Luft bildet einen "Luftvorhang", der die aus der Spritzdüse austretende Flüssigkeit auf die zu beschichtenden oder bereits beschichtete Fläche bläst. Zu Beginn der Applikation wird nach dem Erreichen eines konstanten Materialstromes durch die Applikationsdüsen die Zufuhr an Pressluft zu der hinteren Düseneinrichtung beendet. Am Ende der Applikation wird zu einer im Voraus festgelegten Zeit in Bezug auf das Schließen des Ventils in der Materialzuführung die Pressluftzufuhr zu vorderen Düseneinrichtung gestartet.Material supply to the application nozzle, the respective nozzle device with compressed gas, e.g. Compressed air, applied. The air flowing out of the nozzle openings forms an "air curtain" which blows the liquid emerging from the spray nozzle onto the surface to be coated or already coated. At the beginning of the application, after reaching a constant flow of material through the application nozzles, the supply of compressed air to the rear nozzle device is terminated. At the end of the application, the compressed air supply to the front nozzle device is started at a predetermined time with respect to the closing of the valve in the material supply.

Es hat sich ferner überraschend herausgestellt, dass sich viele Vorteile erzielen lassen, indem die zu beschichtende Oberfläche mit Wasser oder einer wässrigen Lösung einer oder mehrerer grenzflächenaktiver Substanzen behandelt und daraufhin die Beschichtungszusammensetzung aufgebracht wird. Durch Behandlung der Oberfläche, beispielsweise einer lackierten Fahrzeugkarosserie, mit Wasser oder wässrigen Lösungen grenzflächenaktiver Substanzen und Applikation der Flüssigfolie auf die vorbehandelten Flächen erhält man bereits bei geringeren Schichtdicken eine geschlossen verlaufene Bahn und einen entsprechenden Film als bei Applikation der Flüssigfolie auf trockene Flächen. Damit wird der Materialverbrauch pro Flächeneinheit reduziert, und trotzdem wird ein geschlossener Film erzeugt. Darüber hinaus kann der Materialdruck soweit reduziert werden, dass das Zurückspritzen des Beschichtungsstoffes vermieden werden kann.It has also surprisingly been found that many advantages can be achieved by treating the surface to be coated with water or an aqueous solution of one or more surface-active substances and then applying the coating composition. By treating the surface, for example a painted vehicle body, with water or aqueous solutions of surface-active substances and applying the liquid film to the pretreated surfaces, a closed course and a corresponding film are obtained even at lower layer thicknesses than when the liquid film is applied to dry surfaces. This reduces the material consumption per unit area and still creates a closed film. In addition, the material pressure can be reduced so far that the back-spraying of the coating material can be avoided.

Ein wesentlicher Vorteil dieser Ausführungsform mit Vorbenetzung gegenüber Applikationsverfahren ohne Vorbenetzung ist die Materialersparnis von 15 bis 20 % pro Flächeneinheit, die beim bevorzugten Verfahren erzielt wird.A significant advantage of this embodiment with pre-wetting compared to application methods without pre-wetting is the material savings of 15 to 20% per unit area, which is achieved in the preferred method.

Zwar ist das Waschen zu beschichtender Oberflächen mit Wasser oder wässrigen Reinigungsmitteln als Vorbehandlung vor einer Beschichtung bekannt. Dabei werden Verunreinigungen entfernt, die die Haftung der Beschichtung auf der Oberfläche stören könnten. Das Wasser oder das wässrige Reinigungsmittel wird aber vor Beginn der Applikation des Beschichtungsstoffes von der Oberfläche vollständig entfernt.Although washing surfaces to be coated with water or aqueous cleaning agents is known as pretreatment prior to coating. It removes impurities that could interfere with the adhesion of the coating to the surface. The water or the aqueous cleaning agent but before the application of the Coating material completely removed from the surface.

Dementsprechend wird in der bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines Verfahren zur Herstellung eines entfernbaren Oberflächenschutzes

  1. a) die Oberfläche zunächst mit Wasser oder einer wässrigen Lösung einer oder mehrerer grenzflächenaktiver Substanzen behandelt,
  2. b) eine Beschichtungszusammensetzung auf die behandelte Oberfläche mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren aufgebracht, bevor das Wasser vollständig von der behandelten Oberfläche abgetrocknet ist, und
  3. c) die Beschichtungszusammensetzung gehärtet, um eine gehärtete Beschichtung mit einer Schichtdicke von höchstens 200 pm zu bilden.
Accordingly, in the preferred embodiment, a method of making a removable surface protection
  1. a) first treating the surface with water or an aqueous solution of one or more surface-active substances,
  2. b) a coating composition is applied to the treated surface by the method of the invention before the water has completely dried from the treated surface, and
  3. c) curing the coating composition to form a cured coating having a layer thickness of at most 200 μm.

In einer weiter bevorzugten Ausführungsform wird die Oberfläche in Schritt a) mit Wasser behandelt, das gegebenenfalls durch Kondensation auf die Oberfläche aus mit Wasser übersättigter Luft aufkondensiert werden kann. Die Vorbehandlung durch Kondensation hat den Vorteil, dass die erzeugten Wasser-Schichtdicken gleichmäßig und gering sind. Darüber hinaus kann dabei auf Applikationstechnik für das Versprühen von Wasser verzichtet werden. In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform erfolgt die Behandlung mit Wasser oder der wässrigen Lösung grenzflächenaktiver Substanzen auf die Oberfläche durch Aufsprühen.In a further preferred embodiment, the surface is treated in step a) with water, which can optionally be condensed by condensation on the surface of water supersaturated air. The pretreatment by condensation has the advantage that the generated water layer thicknesses are uniform and low. In addition, it can be dispensed with application technology for the spraying of water. In a further preferred embodiment, the treatment with water or the aqueous solution of surface-active substances takes place on the surface by spraying.

In einer weiteren bevorzugten Ausführungsform beträgt die Temperatur der Oberfläche bei Schritt a) 1°C bis 50°C, vorzugsweise 5°C bis 40°C, bevorzugter 10°C bis 30°C, insbesondere 15°C bis 25°C.In a further preferred embodiment, the temperature of the surface in step a) is 1 ° C to 50 ° C, preferably 5 ° C to 40 ° C, more preferably 10 ° C to 30 ° C, especially 15 ° C to 25 ° C.

Der Beschichtungsaufbau auf der Fahrzeugoberfläche ist vorzugsweise eine typische PKW-Karossenlackierung, die z.B. aus einer kathodischen Tauchlackierung, optional einem Füller, einem Basecoat und zusätzlich einem Clearcoat als Decklack besteht. Es ist aber auch möglich, dass an Stelle von Basecoat und transparentem Clearcoat ein pigmentierter Decklack eingesetzt wird. Der als abschließender Decklack eingesetzte transparente oder pigmentierte Lack kann ein Lack auf Basis von z.B. einem ein- oder zweikomponentigen Polyurethansystem, oder einem Melaminharz/Polyol-System sein. Die zur Formulierung des als Decklack eingesetzten Lacks verwendeten Polyole können Polyester-, Polyacrylat- oder Polycarbonatpolyole sein.The coating structure on the vehicle surface is preferably a typical car body painting, which consists for example of a cathodic dip coating, optionally a filler, a basecoat and additionally a clearcoat as topcoat. But it is also possible that a pigmented topcoat is used instead of basecoat and transparent clearcoat. The used as a final topcoat transparent or pigmented lacquer may be a lacquer based on, for example, a one- or two-component polyurethane system, or a melamine resin / polyol system. The polyols used to formulate the topcoat lacquer can be polyester, polyacrylate or polycarbonate polyols.

Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Aufbringung der Beschichtungszusammensetzung weniger als 25 Minuten nach Schritt a), bevorzugter 0,1 Sekunden bis 25 Minuten, insbesondere 0,1 Sekunden bis 15 Minuten, wie 0,1 Sekunde bis 10 Minuten, oder 1 Sekunde bis 1 Minute, beispielsweise 1 Sekunde bis 45 Sekunden, oder 1 Sekunde bis 30 Sekunden nach Schritt a).Preferably, the coating composition is applied less than 25 minutes after step a), more preferably 0.1 second to 25 minutes, especially 0.1 second to 15 minutes, such as 0.1 second to 10 minutes, or 1 second to 1 minute, for example 1 second to 45 seconds, or 1 second to 30 seconds after step a).

Die Beschichtungszusammensetzung ist vorzugsweise ein wasserverdünnbarer Beschichtungsstoff auf Basis von z. B. Polymerdispersionen, insbesondere Polyurethandispersionen und besonders bevorzugt Dispersionen von Polyesterurethanen.The coating composition is preferably a water-dilutable coating material based on e.g. As polymer dispersions, in particular polyurethane dispersions and more preferably dispersions of polyesterurethanes.

Bei der Aufbringung der Beschichtungszusammensetzung wird vorzugsweise eine Multistrahldüse mit 1 bis 6 Reihen von jeweils 5 bis 500 Düsen, bevorzugter 10 bis 320 Düsen, insbesondere 20 bis 160 Düsen, wie 40 bis 80 Düsen eingesetzt.In applying the coating composition, it is preferable to use a multi-jet nozzle having 1 to 6 rows of 5 to 500 nozzles each, more preferably 10 to 320 nozzles, particularly 20 to 160 nozzles, such as 40 to 80 nozzles.

Bei bevorzugten Verfahren mit Vorbenetzung können, im Vergleich mit dem Verfahren ohne Vorbenetzung, höher viskose Beschichtungszusammensetzungen eingesetzt werden. Bevorzugte Viskositätsbereiche sind 5 bis 40, vorzugsweise 10 bis 35, insbesondere 15 bis 30 Pa·s.In preferred pre-wetting processes, higher viscosity coating compositions can be used as compared to the non-wetting process. Preferred viscosity ranges are 5 to 40, preferably 10 to 35, in particular 15 to 30 Pa · s.

Die Schichtdicke der gehärteten Beschichtungszusammensetzung beträgt vorzugsweise 40 bis 170 µm, bevorzugter 50 bis 160 µm, insbesondere 60 bis 130 µm, beispielsweise 70 bis 120 µm, wie 80 bis 110 µm oder 90 bis 100 µm.The layer thickness of the cured coating composition is preferably 40 to 170 μm, more preferably 50 to 160 μm, especially 60 to 130 μm, for example 70 to 120 μm, such as 80 to 110 μm or 90 to 100 μm.

Das Härten in Schritt c) kann bei erhöhter Temperatur erfolgen, beispielsweise bei 10°C bis 90°C, vorzugsweise 15°C bis 80°C, insbesondere 15°C bis 60°C, wie 20°C bis 50°C.The curing in step c) can be carried out at elevated temperature, for example at 10 ° C to 90 ° C, preferably 15 ° C to 80 ° C, especially 15 ° C to 60 ° C, such as 20 ° C to 50 ° C.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen in den Zeichnungen näher beschrieben, in denen:The invention will be described in more detail below with reference to exemplary embodiments in the drawings, in which:

Figur 4 eine Applikationsdüse mit daran angebrachten Düseneinrichtungen in seitlicher Ansicht (in der Darstellung oben) und in Draufsicht von unten (in der Darstellung unten) zeigt, und FIG. 4 an application nozzle with attached nozzle devices in a side view (in the illustration above) and in plan view from below (in the illustration below), and

Figur 5 eine seitliche Ansicht der Baueinheit aus Applikationsdüse und Düseneinrichtungen mit angedeutetem Spritzstrahl und Gasströmen zeigt. FIG. 5 a side view of the assembly of application nozzle and nozzle devices with indicated spray jet and gas flows shows.

Figur 4 zeigt die Applikationsdüse 2a, an deren Seiten jeweils eine Düseneinrichtung 10 und 20 montiert ist. Die Applikationsdüse 2a kann ein an einem Ende verschlossenes, im Querschnitt im Wesentlichen rechteckiges Rohr aufweisen; alternativ kann das Rohr auch an beiden Seiten offen und mit einer Anschlussöffnung für Beschichtungszusammensetzung versehen sein. An der Unterseite des Rohrkörpers befinden sich in einer Reihe entlang der Längsachse des Rohrkörpers eine Vielzahl von Bohrungen. Der Durchmesser der Bohrungen kann bis zu 2 mm betragen. FIG. 4 shows the application nozzle 2a, on whose sides in each case a nozzle device 10 and 20 is mounted. The application nozzle 2a may have a tube closed at one end and substantially rectangular in cross section; alternatively, the tube may also be open on both sides and provided with a coating composition port. On the underside of the tubular body are in a row along the longitudinal axis of the tubular body, a plurality of holes. The diameter of the holes can be up to 2 mm.

Die Düseneinrichtung 10 (20) weist ebenfalls einen länglichen rohrartigen Hohlkörper auf, der an seiner Unterseite eine Gebläsedüse in Form eines länglichen Schlitzes 12 (22) umfasst, der parallel zu der Applikationsdüsenreihe verläuft. Die Düseneinrichtungen 10, 20 sind jeweils so zu der Applikationsdüse 2a geneigt montiert, dass die aus den Schlitzen 12, 22 der Düseneinrichtungen 10, 20 austretenden Gasströme zu dem aus der Applikationsdüse austretenden Spritzstrahl 4a geneigt sind, wobei dieser Neigungswinkel vorzugsweise im Bereich von 25 bis 35° liegt.The nozzle device 10 (20) also has an elongated tubular hollow body, which comprises on its underside a fan nozzle in the form of an elongated slot 12 (22) which extends parallel to the application nozzle row. The nozzle devices 10, 20 are each mounted inclined to the application nozzle 2a in that the gas streams emerging from the slots 12, 22 of the nozzle devices 10, 20 are inclined to the spray jet 4a emerging from the application nozzle, this angle of inclination preferably being in the range of 25 to 35 °.

Die Düseneinrichtungen 10, 20 werden durch Versorgungsleitungen (nicht gezeigt), die an beiden Enden an die Hohlkörper angeschlossen sind, mit Druckluft versorgt.The nozzle devices 10, 20 are supplied with compressed air by supply lines (not shown) which are connected to the hollow bodies at both ends.

Alternativ zu den Schlitzen 12, 22 zur Abgabe der Gasströme können an den Düseneinrichtungen auch Reihen von Einzeldüsen anstelle der Schlitze vorgesehen werden, wobei diese Düsenreihen dann etwa Gesamtausdehnung und Anordnung wie die Gebläseschlitze 12, 22 haben. Im Falle einer solchen Ausbildung der Düseneinrichtung mit einer Reihe von Einzeldüsen kann es sinnvoll sein, die Durchmesser der einzelnen Düsen in der Reihe von den Enden mit Luftzuführung ausgehend zur Mitte des Rohrkörpers zunehmend kleiner zu wählen, um so einen möglichst laminaren Luftstrom zu erhalten. Entsprechend kann es sinnvoll sein, bei Ausbildung der Düseneinrichtungen 10, 20 mit durchgängigen Schlitzen 12, 22 die Breite der Schlitze von den Luftzuführungsenden aus zur Mitte des Rohrkörpers der Düseneinrichtung hin abnehmen zu lassen, um einen laminaren und homogenen Luftstrom zu erhalten.As an alternative to the slots 12, 22 for discharging the gas streams, it is also possible to provide rows of individual nozzles instead of the slots on the nozzle devices, these nozzle rows then being approximately Overall size and arrangement as the fan slots 12, 22 have. In the case of such a design of the nozzle device with a series of individual nozzles, it may be useful to select the diameter of the individual nozzles in the row from the ends with air supply starting to the center of the tubular body progressively smaller, so as to obtain a most laminar air flow. Accordingly, it can be useful, when forming the nozzle devices 10, 20 with continuous slots 12, 22, to decrease the width of the slots from the air supply ends to the center of the tubular body of the nozzle device in order to obtain a laminar and homogeneous air flow.

Figur 5 zeigt schematisch die Anordnung der Applikationsdüse 2 mit den daran montierten Düseneinrichtungen 10, 20 in seitlicher Ansicht. Die Applikationsrichtung, d.h. die Richtung, in der die Applikationsdüse über die zu beschichtende Oberfläche bewegt wird, ist durch den horizontalen Pfeil angedeutet. Der Spritzstrahl der Applikationsdüse 2a ist mit 4a bezeichnet. Zu Beginn der Applikation wird die Düseneinrichtung 20 mit Druckluft versorgt, so dass der gestrichelt angedeutete Luftstrom auf den Spritzstrahl 4 der Applikationsdüse 2a trifft und diesen in den Strahl 4' ablenkt. Umgekehrt wird kurz vor Ende des Materialaustrags aus der Applikationsdüse 2a die Düseneinrichtung 10 betätigt und ein gestrichelt angedeuteter Luftstrom erzeugt, der unter dem Winkel b zum Spritzstrahl 4a der Applikationsdüse 2a abgegeben wird und den Spritzstrahl 4a in den Spritzstrahl 4" ablenkt, um so ein Overspraying am Ende des Materialauftrags auf die Beschichtungsoberfläche zu vermeiden. FIG. 5 schematically shows the arrangement of the application nozzle 2 with the nozzle devices 10, 20 mounted thereon in a side view. The application direction, ie the direction in which the application nozzle is moved over the surface to be coated, is indicated by the horizontal arrow. The spray jet of the application nozzle 2a is denoted by 4a. At the beginning of the application, the nozzle device 20 is supplied with compressed air, so that the air flow indicated by dashed lines impinges on the spray jet 4 of the application nozzle 2a and deflects it into the jet 4 '. Conversely, shortly before the end of the material discharge from the application nozzle 2a, the nozzle device 10 is actuated and generates an air flow indicated by dashed lines, which is emitted at an angle b to the spray jet 4a of the application nozzle 2a and deflects the spray jet 4a into the spray jet 4 ", thus overspraying at the end of the application of material to avoid the coating surface.

Die Steuerung der Bewegung der Applikationsdüse 2a in Apptikationsrichtung, der Beschichtungsmaterialzuführung zu der Applikationsdüse 2a und damit koordiniert die Steuerung der Druckluftzufuhr zu den Düseneinrichtungen wird von ein programmierten Steuereinrichtung vorgenommen, in die Steuerparameter über die Beschichtungsmaterialzufuhr, Druckluftbeaufschlagung der Düseneinrichtungen und Angaben über die zu beschichtende, vorgegebene Oberfläche eingebbar sind.The control of the movement of the application nozzle 2a in Apptikationsrichtung, the coating material supply to the application nozzle 2a and coordinated with the control of compressed air supply to the nozzle means is carried out by a programmed control device, in the control parameters on the coating material supply, compressed air supply to the nozzle devices and information about the to be coated, predetermined surface can be entered.

Beispiele bevorzugter Ausführungsformen mit Vorbenetzung der Lackoberfläche werden im folgenden beschrieben.Examples of preferred embodiments with pre-wetting of the paint surface are described below.

Die Vorteile der oben ausgeführten Erfindungen sind auch aus den Figuren 6 und 7 ersichtlich, wobei in

Figur 6
das Aufbringen der Beschichtungszusammensetzung gemäß Schritt b) zeigt,
Figur 7
zwei gehärtete Beschichtungen zeigt, wobei rechts eine erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Beschichtung gezeigt ist und links eine Beschichtung gezeigt ist, die gemäß einem Verfahren ohne Schritt a) erzeugt wurde, und
Figur 8
das Entfernen einer erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Beschichtung gezeigt ist.
The advantages of the above-mentioned inventions are also from the FIGS. 6 and 7 can be seen, in
FIG. 6
the application of the coating composition according to step b) shows,
FIG. 7
shows two cured coatings, wherein on the right a coating produced according to the invention is shown and on the left a coating is shown, which was produced according to a process without step a), and
FIG. 8
the removal of a coating produced according to the invention is shown.

In Figur 6 ist veranschaulicht, dass die Beschichtungszusammensetzung mittels einer geeigneten Dosiereinrichtung (Pumpe) gefördert und durch eine Düse, die aus einer Vielzahl von Löchern besteht, ausgetragen wird. Die sich nach dem Austritt aus der Düse bildenden einzelnen Raupen vereinigen sich beim Auftreffen auf die Oberfläche zu einem geschlossenen Film. Hierbei ist ein bestimmter Überdruck erforderlich, der das Zusammenfließen der einzelnen Raupen und Bahnen zu einem Film ermöglicht.In FIG. 6 It is illustrated that the coating composition is conveyed by means of a suitable metering device (pump) and discharged through a nozzle consisting of a plurality of holes. The individual beads forming on exit from the nozzle combine to form a closed film upon impact with the surface. In this case, a certain overpressure is required, which allows the merging of the individual tracks and tracks into a film.

Figur 7 veranschaulicht die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens und entsprechend hergestellter Beschichtungen. Ziel der Erfindung ist u.a. die Reduzierung der aufgetragenen Menge von Beschichtungszusammensetzung pro Flächeneinheit. Die aufgetragenen Raupen und Bahnen aus Beschichtungszusammensetzung bilden dabei keinen geschlossenen Film aus (links). Erst die Vorbenetzung führt durch Verlaufen der einzelnen Bahnen zu einem Film (rechts). Die zu schützende Oberfläche wird erfindungsgemäß vorbenetzt, was bei der darauffolgenden Applikation der Flüssigfolie zu deren gleichmäßigem Verlaufen führt, und zwar bei geringeren Applikationsdrücken und somit auch Mengen von Beschichtungszusammensetzung. FIG. 7 illustrates the advantages of the method according to the invention and correspondingly produced coatings. The aim of the invention is inter alia the reduction of the applied amount of coating composition per unit area. The applied caterpillars and webs of coating composition do not form a closed film (left). Only the pre-wetting leads by running the individual tracks to a film (right). According to the invention, the surface to be protected is pre-wetted, which leads to its uniform flow in the subsequent application of the liquid film, namely at lower application pressures and thus also amounts of coating composition.

Figur 8 veranschaulicht das Abziehen einer erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Beschichtung gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung, wobei die Stufe des Abziehens von einer Motorhaube gezeigt ist. Es wurde eine wasserverdünnbare Einkomponentenbeschichtungszusammensetzung auf Basis einer Polyurethandispersion zur Konservierung von Oberflächen wie z.B, Automobilkarossen aufgebracht. Die Zusammensetzung bildet nach erfolgter Trocknung (auch bei Raumtemperatur) eine mechanisch und chemisch hochbeständige Schutzschicht (getrocknete Flüssigfofie). Diese läßt sich von Hand entfernen (abziehen), da sie nur durch relativ schwache Adhäsionskräfte mit der zu schützenden Oberfläche verbunden ist. Die getrocknete Zusammensetzung wird im üblicherweise unmittelbar vor Auslieferung des Automobils an den Kunden durch einfaches Abziehen von der Oberfläche entfernt, was den darunter liegenden Decklack freilegt. FIG. 8 Figure 12 illustrates the peeling of a coating made according to the invention according to an embodiment of the invention, showing the step of peeling off of a bonnet. A water-dilutable one-component coating composition based on a polyurethane dispersion was applied for the preservation of surfaces such as, for example, automobile bodies. The composition forms after drying (even at room temperature) a mechanically and chemically highly resistant protective layer (dried Flüssigfofie). This can be removed by hand (peel off), as it is only connected by relatively weak adhesion forces with the surface to be protected. The dried composition is typically removed from the surface by simply peeling it off immediately prior to delivery of the automobile, exposing the underlying topcoat.

Claims (20)

  1. An apparatus with an application nozzle (2a), a robot which is set up to move the application nozzle in an application direction over a pre-set surface area to be protected, a supply device which supplies the liquid coating composition under pressure to the application nozzle, wherein the application nozzle sprays the coating composition - distributed over an application width transversely to the application direction - substantially perpendicularly onto the surface, wherein the control means of the robot is set up to limit the application by starting and terminating the supply of coating composition to the application nozzle in co-ordination with the movement thereof in the application direction to the pre-set surface area in the application direction, nozzles devices (10, 20) which are present upstream and downstream of the application nozzle (2a) in the application direction and which are operated by the robot control means in order, when starting the application, to direct a gas flow distributed over the application width at an angle (c) to the spray jet of the application nozzle (2a) from the rear in the application direction, and, when terminating the application, to direct a gas flow distributed over the application width at an angle (b) to the spray jet of the application nozzle from the front in the application direction, in order to counteract over-spraying of coating composition beyond the pre-set surface area in each case.
  2. A method of producing a removable surface protection by the application of a liquid, curable coating composition to lacquered surfaces, in which the liquid coating composition is sprayed - distributed over an application width transversely to the application direction - substantially perpendicularly onto the surface by an application nozzle which is moved in a relative manner in an application direction over a pre-set surface area to be protected and to which liquid coating composition is supplied under pressure, wherein the application is limited by starting and terminating the supply of coating composition to the application nozzle in co-ordination with the relative movement thereof in the application direction to the pre-set surface area in the application direction, wherein nozzle devices (10, 20) are present upstream and downstream of the application nozzle (2a) in the application direction and are set up in order, when starting the application, to direct a gas flow distributed over the application width at an angle (c) to the spray jet of the application nozzle (2a) from the rear in the application direction, and, when terminating the application, to direct a gas flow distributed over the application width at an angle (b) to the spray jet of the application nozzle (2a) from the front in the application direction, in order to counteract over-spraying of coating composition beyond the pre-set surface area in each case.
  3. A method according to Claim 2, characterized in that the gas flow of the nozzle devices is directed at an angle (b, c) of from 25 to 35 degrees in each case to the spray jet of the application nozzle.
  4. A method according to one of the preceding Claims 2 or 3, characterized in that the nozzle devices (10, 20) are supplied with compressed air in order to produce an air flow as the gas flow in this way.
  5. A method according to Claim 4, characterized in that the nozzle devices (10, 20) are supplied with compxessed air at an over-pressure of from 0.01 to 6 bar.
  6. A method according to any one of the preceding Claims 2 to 5, characterized in that the nozzle devices (10, 20) are designed in the pre-set pressure range, with which the nozzle devices are stressed, to produce a laminar gas flow.
  7. A method according to any one of the preceding Claims 2 to 6, characterized in that an elongate tube body, which as well as a gas supply socket has an elongate slot-shaped nozzle outlet opening (12, 22) extending in the longitudinal direction of the tube body for the discharge of the gas flow, is used as the nozzle device (10, 20).
  8. A method according to any one of Claims 2 to 7, characterized in that an elongate tube body, which as well as a gas supply socket has a plurality of individual nozzles which are arranged in rows in the longitudinal direction of the tubular body and which together discharge the gas flow, is used as the nozzle device.
  9. A method according to one of the preceding Claims 2 to 8, in which
    a) before the application of the coating composition, the surface is treated with water or an aqueous solution of one or more surface-active substances,
    b) the coating composition is then applied with a method according to any one of the preceding Claims to the treated surface, before the water has dried completely from the treated surface, and
    c) the coating composition is cured in order to form a cured coating with a layer thickness of at most 200 pm.
  10. A method according to Claim 9, in which the surface is treated with water in step a).
  11. A method according to Claim 9 or 10, in which the water is condensed.
  12. A method according to Claim 9, in which the water or the aqueous solution of surface-active substances is sprayed onto the surface.
  13. A method according to any one of Claims 9 to 12, characterized in that the temperature of the surface in step a) amounts to up to 50°C.
  14. A method according to any one of Claims 2 to 13, characterized in that the surface is a surface of a motor vehicle lacquered with a topcoat.
  15. A method according to any one of Claims 9 to 14, characterized in that step b) is carried out less than 25 minutes after step a).
  16. A method according to Claim 14, characterized in that the topcoat is selected from the topcoats based on a one- or two-component polyurethane system or a melamine resin / polyol system.
  17. A method according to any one of Claims 2 to 16, characterized in that the coating composition is selected from water-dilutable coating substances.
  18. A method according to any one of Claims 2 to 17, characterized in that the coating composition is applied from a multiple-jet nozzle with from 1 to 6 rows of from 5 to 500 nozzles in each case.
  19. A method according to any one of Claims 9 to 18, characterized in that the coating thickness of the cured coating amounts to from 40 to 170 pm.
  20. A method according to any one of Claims 9 to 19, characterized in that the curing in step c) is carried out at increased temperature.
EP20070012411 2006-06-27 2007-06-25 Device and method for applying a liquid coating to a surface Not-in-force EP1872864B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006029764A DE102006029764A1 (en) 2006-06-27 2006-06-27 Fluid coating e.g. finish paint, applying device for surface of body of e.g. passenger car, has nozzle applying fluid on surface by air flow, and unit producing air flow, which deflects fluid between nozzle and surface
DE200610060397 DE102006060397A1 (en) 2006-12-20 2006-12-20 Fluid coating e.g. finish paint, applying device for surface of body of e.g. passenger car, has nozzle applying fluid on surface by air flow, and unit producing air flow, which deflects fluid between nozzle and surface
DE102006060398A DE102006060398A1 (en) 2006-12-20 2006-12-20 Fluid coating e.g. finish paint, applying device for surface of body of e.g. passenger car, has nozzle applying fluid on surface by air flow, and unit producing air flow, which deflects fluid between nozzle and surface

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1872864A2 EP1872864A2 (en) 2008-01-02
EP1872864A3 EP1872864A3 (en) 2008-09-10
EP1872864B1 true EP1872864B1 (en) 2013-09-11

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IT202000024976A1 (en) * 2020-10-22 2022-04-22 Vincenzo Penati SYSTEM FOR WETTING PAPER SHEETS

Family Cites Families (8)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4857367A (en) 1987-10-16 1989-08-15 Thorn Brent A Method of and apparatus for spraying
DE3809517A1 (en) 1988-03-22 1989-10-05 Walter Swoboda Atomising device for liquids
JP2992760B2 (en) * 1990-02-15 1999-12-20 ノードソン株式会社 Method for deflecting and distributing liquid or melt flowing out of a nozzle hole by gas jet from surrounding area
US5418009A (en) 1992-07-08 1995-05-23 Nordson Corporation Apparatus and methods for intermittently applying discrete adhesive coatings
DE19736452C2 (en) * 1997-08-21 2003-08-28 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Protective polymer film, process for its production, its use and process for protecting surfaces
DE19854760C2 (en) 1998-11-27 2002-06-13 Audi Ag Method for producing a removable surface protection on a painted motor vehicle body
ES2229573T3 (en) * 1999-02-10 2005-04-16 Tufty Gmbh PROTECTIVE AND BRIGHT COAT FORMED BY HYDROSOLUBLE POLYMERS TO AVOID DIRT.
DE102004018597B3 (en) 2004-04-16 2005-12-01 Dürr Systems GmbH Application head for producing a liquid film

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PT1872864E (en) 2013-10-08
EP1872864A2 (en) 2008-01-02
ES2438567T3 (en) 2014-01-17

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