EP1866261A1 - Improved ceramic slab for facings, and method for its manufacture - Google Patents
Improved ceramic slab for facings, and method for its manufactureInfo
- Publication number
- EP1866261A1 EP1866261A1 EP05807609A EP05807609A EP1866261A1 EP 1866261 A1 EP1866261 A1 EP 1866261A1 EP 05807609 A EP05807609 A EP 05807609A EP 05807609 A EP05807609 A EP 05807609A EP 1866261 A1 EP1866261 A1 EP 1866261A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- slab
- ceramic
- fibres
- reinforced
- layer
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 12
- 230000002787 reinforcement Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 238000010304 firing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000011226 reinforced ceramic Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920003235 aromatic polyamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000004026 adhesive bonding Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009408 flooring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910010293 ceramic material Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003292 glue Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003252 repetitive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009966 trimming Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B13/00—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles; Discharging shaped articles from such moulds or apparatus
- B28B13/02—Feeding the unshaped material to moulds or apparatus for producing shaped articles
- B28B13/0215—Feeding the moulding material in measured quantities from a container or silo
- B28B13/022—Feeding several successive layers, optionally of different materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
- B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
- B28B23/18—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members for the production of elongated articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B3/00—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor
- B28B3/12—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material
- B28B3/123—Producing shaped articles from the material by using presses; Presses specially adapted therefor wherein one or more rollers exert pressure on the material on material in moulds or on moulding surfaces moving continuously underneath or between the rollers, e.g. on an endless belt
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
- B28B5/00—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping
- B28B5/02—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type
- B28B5/026—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length
- B28B5/027—Producing shaped articles from the material in moulds or on moulding surfaces, carried or formed by, in or on conveyors irrespective of the manner of shaping on conveyors of the endless-belt or chain type the shaped articles being of indefinite length the moulding surfaces being of the indefinite length type, e.g. belts, and being continuously fed
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F13/00—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings
- E04F13/07—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor
- E04F13/08—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements
- E04F13/14—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass
- E04F13/142—Coverings or linings, e.g. for walls or ceilings composed of covering or lining elements; Sub-structures therefor; Fastening means therefor composed of a plurality of similar covering or lining elements stone or stone-like materials, e.g. ceramics concrete; of glass or with an outer layer of stone or stone-like materials or glass with an outer layer of ceramics or clays
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04F—FINISHING WORK ON BUILDINGS, e.g. STAIRS, FLOORS
- E04F15/00—Flooring
- E04F15/02—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements
- E04F15/08—Flooring or floor layers composed of a number of similar elements only of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete; of glass or with a top layer of stone or stone-like material, e.g. ceramics, concrete or glass
Definitions
- the present invention relates generally to ceramic slabs or tiles for facings and floorings, and to a method for their manufacture.
- Ceramic slabs usually used for facings and floorings are known to present high compression resistance, surface hardness and abrasion resistance characteristics, which are provided by the constituent materials of the ceramic mix and the high temperature firing process to which the mix is subjected.
- said ceramic slabs present low tensile strength and generally a fragile behaviour, which has always limited their use under conditions in which a state of tensile or bending stress is present. Under such conditions, as the result of a knock or a particularly intense stress, a small crack can form within the ceramic slab, and because of the fragile ceramic behaviour can propagate progressively throughout the entire slab, until it breaks.
- a widely used first solution consists of applying a net of synthetic or metallic material to the rear face of the ceramic slab by gluing with epoxy resin.
- a recently introduced second solution consists of producing the slab by superposing two or more thin slabs and interposing a resin layer therebetween, which by gluing them together provides mechanical continuity to the assembly. In this manner a composite ceramic slab is obtained, in which each individual constituent slab acts as a support for the others.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a reinforced ceramic slab presenting resistance characteristics superior to usual slabs, within the framework of a simple, rational and low-cost solution.
- a reinforced ceramic slab comprising a continuous ceramic matrix internally incorporating reinforcement fibres, i.e. filiform bodies not necessarily rectilinear, having resistance characteristics superior to those of the ceramic matrix itself.
- the reinforcement fibres possess greater tensile strength than said ceramic matrix.
- the reinforcement fibres are distributed within said ceramic matrix in such a manner as to form at least one composite layer of ceramic and fibres lying between two purely ceramic layers.
- the reinforcement fibres lie separated and spaced apart from each other substantially in one and the same plane, which can be parallel to the faces of the ceramic slab or inclined to them.
- the reinforcement fibres can be distributed in random manner, or preferably can be distributed in an ordered manner to form a discontinuous net, the meshes of which are defined by the reinforcement fibres.
- a ceramic slab according to the invention is substantially provided with an inner reinforcement, which makes it less fragile than the usual completely ceramic slabs.
- the meshes of the net must have their sides of length less than the length of the reinforcement fibres which define them, to prevent substantially rectilinear preferential directions existing within the ceramic slab along which a crack can propagate without encountering any reinforcement fibre.
- the reinforcement fibres are distributed in an ordered repetitive pattern, so that the meshes of the discontinuous net are in the form of a parallelogram, typically rectangular or square, and are all equal to each other.
- the reinforcement fibres are metal fibres, typically rectilinear pieces of steel wire, preferably having a diameter between 0.3 and 0.7 mm, and a length between 20 and 200 mm, preferably between 40 and 100 mm.
- said reinforcement fibres can be glass fibres, carbon fibres or aramid fibres.
- the invention also comprises a method for manufacturing said reinforced ceramic slab, comprising the following steps: a) creating, on a support surface, a first layer of ceramic powder; b) distributing an assembly of reinforcement fibres over at least an area of the top surface of said first layer of powder; c) covering the reinforcement fibres, to create at least a second layer of ceramic powder on said first layer, in order to obtain a soft ceramic blank of desired thickness, containing the reinforcement fibres; d) pressing said soft blank to compact the powders and obtain an unfired ceramic slab; and finally e) subjecting said unfired ceramic slab to firing, to obtain a reinforced slab comprising a continuous ceramic matrix within which the reinforcement fibres are incorporated.
- said step c) of covering the reinforcement fibres can be implemented by repeating steps a) and b) a desired number of times, so that the soft blank comprises a plurality of ceramic powder layers, between which the reinforcement fibres are interposed.
- the reinforced ceramic slab can be manufactured very simply, rationally and economically, both by a discontinuous forming process using usual ceramic moulds, and by a continuous forming process, of the type described in European patent application EP 1283097 in the name of the same Applicant.
- said support surface is a vertically translating surface, defined by the upper surface of the lower die of a ceramic mould, whereas in the second case it is a horizontally translating surface, defined by the conveyor belt of a continuous forming plant.
- the reinforcement fibres are distributed over the entire top surface of the first layer of ceramic powder created, this preferably being a flat surface which can be parallel to the support surface or inclined to it.
- the reinforcement fibres are distributed separated and spaced apart over said top surface in such a manner as to reduce to a minimum the region of ceramic mass within which possible cracks can propagate.
- said reinforcement fibres can be distributed in random manner, but they are preferably distributed in an ordered manner to form a discontinuous net, the meshes of which are defined by the reinforcement fibres themselves; said meshes preferably having sides of dimensions less than the length of the fibres which define them.
- the method of the invention can be easily adapted to changes in ceramic slab format.
- said reinforced fibres advantageously enable natural linear expansion of the ceramic mass immediately after the pressing step, and its shrinkage during firing, during which in particular, notwithstanding the high temperatures, the reinforced fibres (especially those of metal or carbon) maintain their mechanical properties unaltered, they being embedded in the ceramic mass and not in contact with the oxygen of the air.
- the reinforced fibres are distributed as a plurality of longitudinal parallel rows and as a plurality of transverse parallel rows which intersect to form said discontinuous net, this hence presenting meshes of parallelogram shape.
- the reinforced fibres of each longitudinal row are preferably offset from those pertaining to the adjacent longitudinal rows, the reinforced fibres of each transverse row likewise being offset from those pertaining to the adjacent transverse rows, so that the net meshes can have any desired dimension without involving superposing and mutual contact of the reinforced fibres.
- the distance separating the longitudinal rows and the distance separating the transverse rows are both constant and are preferably equal, to hence obtain a discontinuous net with its meshes all identical.
- said longitudinal and transverse rows are inclined to the sides of the ceramic slab, preferably at an angle of about 45°.
- the cutting lines which are generally parallel to the sides of the slab, intersect the reinforced fibres only within a limited region, to ensure good finishing of the resultant edge, and avoiding ceramic slab stability problems.
- Figure 1 is a partially cut-away view of a reinforced ceramic slab according to the invention
- Figure 2 is a side view of the slab of Figure 1 ;
- Figures 3a to 3c show schematically a succession of steps in the method for manufacturing the slab of Figure 1 ;
- Figure 4 is a plan view of Figure 3b;
- Figure 4' is the same as Figure 4 but showing an alternative embodiment of the slab of Figure 1 ;
- Figure 5 is a side view of a continuous plant for forming reinforced ceramic slabs according to the invention
- Figure 6 is a plan view of the forming plant shown in Figure 5
- Figures 7a to 7d show a ceramic mould during a succession of steps in the discontinuous forming process for the slab of Figure 1
- Figure 8 is an enlarged detail of Figure 5.
- the reinforced ceramic slab 1 shown in Figure 1 , comprises a continuous ceramic matrix 2, within which reinforcement fibres 3 are incorporated.
- said reinforced fibres are rectilinear pieces of steel wire, preferably stainless steel; however, in general they can be filiform bodies, not necessarily rectilinear, of a material having resistance characteristics superior to those of the ceramic matrix 2, for example carbon fibres, glass fibres or aramid fibres.
- the reinforced fibres 3 are distributed in the interior of the ceramic matrix in such a manner as to define a composite layer 20 of ceramic and fibres lying between two purely ceramic layers 20 and 21 (see also Figure 2), within said layer the reinforced fibres 3 lying substantially on one and the same surface, separated and spaced apart, to form a discontinuous net.
- a crack forms in the ceramic slab 1
- its propagation is interrupted on encountering the reinforced fibres 3, which have greater tensile strength than the ceramic matrix 2, and hence prevent the ceramic slab 1 from breaking into fragments.
- the reinforced fibres 3 are all of the same length, preferably between 40 mm and 100 mm, and the same diameter, preferably between 0.3 mm and 0.7 mm; in addition, the meshes of the discontinuous net, which are defined by the reinforced fibres 3, are substantially square.
- the side dimension of said meshes is less than the length of the reinforced fibres 3, so that no substantially rectilinear preferential directions exist along which a crack can propagate without encountering any reinforced fibre 3.
- a preferred method for manufacturing reinforced ceramic slabs 1 of the aforedescribed type is described hereinafter with the aid of Figures 3a-3c.
- Said manufacturing method comprises the following steps: - creating, on a support surface 11 , a first layer 5 of ceramic powders having a thickness substantially one half of the thickness of the soft ceramic mass which is to form the slab 1 (see Figure 3a);
- said manufacturing method comprises distributing the reinforced fibres 3 over the surface 50 of the first layer 5 in an ordered manner, separated and spaced from each other, to form said discontinuous net.
- the reinforced fibres 3 are aligned along a plurality of longitudinal parallel lines 30 and along a plurality of transverse parallel lines 31 parallel to the former.
- the reinforced fibres 3 of each longitudinal row 30 are offset from the fibres 3 pertaining to the adjacent rows 30, and likewise the fibres 3 of each transverse row 31 are offset from those pertaining to the adjacent rows 31.
- the distance P between the longitudinal rows 30 and the distance P' between the transverse rows 31 are both constant, equal to each other and less than the length of the individual reinforced fibres 3, to obtain a discontinuous net with square meshes, all equal, having the length of their side less than said length of the reinforced fibres 3.
- the longitudinal rows 30 and the transverse rows 31 are parallel respectively to the edges of the first ceramic layer 5, and hence to the edges of the reinforced slab 1 being manufactured.
- these rows 30 and 31 can also be inclined to the edges of the slab 1 and in particular, as shown in Figure 4', can be inclined by an angle substantially of 45°, for the reasons which will become clear hereinafter.
- the reinforced ceramic slabs 1 are manufactured by a continuous forming plant 8.
- Said forming plant 8 comprises schematically: a conveyor belt 80; first ceramic powder dispensing means 81 ; a distributor device 82 for reinforced fibres 3; second ceramic powder dispensing means 83; continuous powder compacting means 84; and finally cutting means 85 downstream of said compacting means 84.
- the first dispensing means 81 are arranged to deposit a first continuous layer of ceramic powder onto the upper surface 11 of the advancing belt 80; the distributor device 82, which is positioned downstream of the means 81 , then distributes the reinforced fibres 3, which are all identical, over the top surface 50 of the first powder layer 5, in such a manner as to form the discontinuous net in accordance with the aforedescribed modality,
- the longitudinal rows 30 and the transverse rows 31 are inclined to the sides of the first ceramic powder layer 5 by an angle substantially equal to 45°.
- the second dispensing means 83 deposit a second continuous layer 6 of ceramic powder onto the surface 50 of the first layer 5, to cover the reinforced fibres 3; said second layer 6 being able to present graphic effects within the powder mass or on its top surface.
- the compact strip T is fed to the cutting means 85, which trim its edge and divide it into an assembly of separate unfired slabs 9.
- said step of dividing the strip T into unfired slabs 9 takes place along cutting lines A perpendicular to the sides of the strip 7'; consequently, because of the already described distribution of reinforced fibres 3 along longitudinal lines 30 and transverse lines 31 inclined to the sides of the compact strip T, said cutting lines A intersect the reinforced fibres 3 within limited regions, to obtain a good edge finish on the resultant unfired slab 9, without compromising its stability.
- the unfired slabs 9 can finally be decorated, and may be subjected to a further pressing step using ceramic moulds, before being subjected to the traditional drying and firing steps, which enable the finished reinforced slab 1 to be obtained.
- the edges of the slab 1 may be smoothed and ground.
- the manufacture of the reinforced ceramic slabs 1 takes place by a discontinuous process using a usual ceramic mould 10.
- Said mould 10 comprises a die plate 100 provided with a forming cavity 101 , the base of which is closed by a lower movable die 102, with which an upper movable die 103 is vertically aligned.
- a usual movable loading tray (not shown) can be associated with the mould 10 to release powdered ceramic material into the interior of the forming cavity 101.
- the manufacturing cycle conventionally begins when the upper surface 11 of the lower die 102 of the mould 10 is coplanar with the top of the die plate 100. At this point the loading tray advances to above the forming cavity 101 ; then, as shown in Figure 7a, the lower die 102 is lowered by an amount substantially equal to one half the thickness of the soft ceramic mass intended to form the slab 1 , so that a first layer 5 of ceramic powder descends to fill the forming cavity 101 , in contact with the surface 11 of the lower die 102.
- the loading tray withdraws, and reinforced fibres 3 are distributed over the top surface 50 of the first layer 5 (see Figure 7b), in a manner similar to that described for the preceding embodiment.
- the loading tray again advances and, as shown in Figure 7c, the lower die 102 is again lowered, enabling a second layer 6 of ceramic powders to descend to cover the reinforced fibres 3.
- the upper die 103 is lowered to compact the soft ceramic mass, and hence obtain an unfired slab 9 which can then be subjected to the usual accessory steps, such as decoration or trimming, before being subjected to drying and firing in a kiln.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Insulating Bodies (AREA)
- Inorganic Insulating Materials (AREA)
- Producing Shaped Articles From Materials (AREA)
- Panels For Use In Building Construction (AREA)
- Devices For Post-Treatments, Processing, Supply, Discharge, And Other Processes (AREA)
- Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
IT000030A ITRE20050030A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2005-03-24 | CERAMIC SHEET PERFORMED FOR COVERINGS AND METHOD FOR ITS MANUFACTURE |
PCT/EP2005/012364 WO2006099894A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2005-11-16 | Improved ceramic slab for facings, and method for its manufacture |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1866261A1 true EP1866261A1 (en) | 2007-12-19 |
EP1866261B1 EP1866261B1 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
Family
ID=35709214
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP05807609A Not-in-force EP1866261B1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2005-11-16 | Improved ceramic slab for facings, and method for its manufacture |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1866261B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101142153A (en) |
AT (1) | ATE406339T1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE602005009407D1 (en) |
IT (1) | ITRE20050030A1 (en) |
PT (1) | PT1866261E (en) |
RU (1) | RU2007134248A (en) |
WO (1) | WO2006099894A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (14)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
ITMO20070231A1 (en) * | 2007-07-10 | 2009-01-11 | System Spa | PROCESS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF SOLAR PANELS. |
ES2343995B1 (en) * | 2008-10-17 | 2011-06-20 | Bsh Electrodomesticos España, S.A. | PLATE MATERIAL AND PROCEDURE FOR MANUFACTURING A PLATE MATERIAL. |
CN101717268B (en) * | 2009-11-06 | 2014-01-01 | 上海美标陶瓷有限公司 | Blank for mending ceramic paste preforms and preparation method and mending process thereof |
CN102001124A (en) * | 2010-09-20 | 2011-04-06 | 徐平 | Ceramic sheet cascading, dry-pressing and forming device and use method thereof |
ITPD20110104A1 (en) * | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-08 | Cooperativa Ceramica D Imola S C | PROCEDURE FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF CERAMIC SHEETS OF LARGE SIZE |
ITRE20110081A1 (en) * | 2011-10-07 | 2013-04-08 | Sacmi | DEVICE AND METHOD FOR THE TREATMENT OF A LAYER OF MATERIAL POWDER |
ITUB20153786A1 (en) | 2015-09-22 | 2017-03-22 | System Spa | POWER SUPPLY FOR A PRESS |
CN105818256B (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2019-01-04 | 佛山市东鹏陶瓷有限公司 | Ceramic press powder grid and the tile forming system and production line for using it |
ITUA20164307A1 (en) * | 2016-06-13 | 2017-12-13 | Sacmi | MACHINE AND METHOD FOR THE COMPACTION OF CERAMIC POWDER |
DE102016118754A1 (en) * | 2016-10-04 | 2018-04-05 | Christoph Theißen | Ceramic composite panel |
IT201600105117A1 (en) * | 2016-10-19 | 2018-04-19 | Sacmi | MACHINE FOR THE COMPACTION OF MATERIAL POWDER |
IT201900008238A1 (en) * | 2019-06-06 | 2020-12-06 | System Ceramics S P A | Method for making ceramic slabs or tiles |
CN112358227A (en) * | 2020-10-30 | 2021-02-12 | 佛山市山有海科技有限公司 | Rock plate reinforcing agent and preparation method thereof |
IT202100011354A1 (en) * | 2021-05-04 | 2022-11-04 | Sacmi Tech S P A | METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR FINISHING PRODUCTS OF COMPACTED CERAMIC POWDER |
Family Cites Families (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1536663A (en) * | 1975-10-28 | 1978-12-20 | Cape Boards & Panels Ltd | Fibre-reinforced articles |
EP0024360A1 (en) * | 1979-08-16 | 1981-03-04 | Rütgerswerke Aktiengesellschaft | Cladding element for façade surfaces |
BE896126A (en) * | 1983-03-10 | 1983-07-01 | Eurosteel Sa | Reinforced industrial floors made of concrete - which contains reinforcing fibres, so continuous floors can be laid free from shrinkage grooves |
DE4002601C2 (en) * | 1990-01-30 | 2002-08-29 | Krueger & Schuette Kerapid | Prefabricated, transportable, self-supporting component such as plate, wall or molded part |
JP2736374B2 (en) * | 1991-10-07 | 1998-04-02 | 三重アサノコンクリート株式会社 | Method for joining and integrating dissimilar materials and method for producing concrete with surface finishing layer using the same |
BE1009314A3 (en) * | 1995-04-10 | 1997-02-04 | Bekaert Sa Nv | Making a continuous floor construction. |
JPH11100939A (en) * | 1997-09-26 | 1999-04-13 | Yoshikawa Kaiji Kogyo Kk | Reinforced concrete or reinforced concrete slab and fiber strip to be used therefor |
CA2494853C (en) * | 2002-09-04 | 2010-05-25 | Toncelli, Dario | Process for the manufacture of slabs and panels of ceramic material and product obtained therefrom |
ITRE20030015A1 (en) * | 2003-02-17 | 2004-08-18 | Sacmi | "METHOD AND PLANT FOR THE FORMING OF CERAMIC TILES OR SLABS" |
-
2005
- 2005-03-24 IT IT000030A patent/ITRE20050030A1/en unknown
- 2005-11-16 CN CNA2005800491144A patent/CN101142153A/en active Pending
- 2005-11-16 RU RU2007134248/04A patent/RU2007134248A/en unknown
- 2005-11-16 PT PT05807609T patent/PT1866261E/en unknown
- 2005-11-16 WO PCT/EP2005/012364 patent/WO2006099894A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2005-11-16 EP EP05807609A patent/EP1866261B1/en not_active Not-in-force
- 2005-11-16 DE DE602005009407T patent/DE602005009407D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2005-11-16 AT AT05807609T patent/ATE406339T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO2006099894A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE406339T1 (en) | 2008-09-15 |
PT1866261E (en) | 2008-10-28 |
RU2007134248A (en) | 2009-04-27 |
EP1866261B1 (en) | 2008-08-27 |
WO2006099894A1 (en) | 2006-09-28 |
DE602005009407D1 (en) | 2008-10-09 |
ITRE20050030A1 (en) | 2006-09-25 |
CN101142153A (en) | 2008-03-12 |
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