EP1855300A2 - Circuit-breaker disconnecting switch of an alternator activated by a servomotor - Google Patents
Circuit-breaker disconnecting switch of an alternator activated by a servomotor Download PDFInfo
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- EP1855300A2 EP1855300A2 EP20070107906 EP07107906A EP1855300A2 EP 1855300 A2 EP1855300 A2 EP 1855300A2 EP 20070107906 EP20070107906 EP 20070107906 EP 07107906 A EP07107906 A EP 07107906A EP 1855300 A2 EP1855300 A2 EP 1855300A2
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- Prior art keywords
- switch
- contacts
- circuit breaker
- axis
- breaker according
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- 229960000909 sulfur hexafluoride Drugs 0.000 abstract description 2
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- 230000008033 biological extinction Effects 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
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- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
- H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
- H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
- H01H33/6661—Combination with other type of switch, e.g. for load break switches
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/28—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism
- H01H33/36—Power arrangements internal to the switch for operating the driving mechanism using dynamo-electric motor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/002—Very heavy-current switches
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
- H01H33/02—Details
- H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
- H01H33/12—Auxiliary contacts on to which the arc is transferred from the main contacts
- H01H33/121—Load break switches
- H01H33/125—Load break switches comprising a separate circuit breaker
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an alternator disconnect circuit breaker that overcomes these disadvantages. These objects are achieved by the fact that the synchronization means are actuated by a servomotor.
- the servo motor actuates the synchronization means so as to obtain a contact opening speed of the first switch between 1.5m / s and 2.5m / s for approximately the first half of the opening stroke of these contacts and a speed between 0.5m / s and 0.8m / s during the second half of the opening stroke of these contacts.
- the synchronization means are designed so that the second switch opens substantially when the first switch has made half of its travel and at an opening speed between 1.5m / s and 2.5m / s.
- the third switch opens when the first switch has traveled substantially two-thirds of its opening stroke.
- the synchronization means are designed in such a way that the opening speed of the third switch is between 1.5m / s and 2.5m / s.
- FIG. 1 The operating principle of a circuit breaker, and in particular of an alternator circuit breaker according to the invention, is shown schematically in FIG. FIG. 1, with a main circuit in which an intensity I 0 close to the nominal current I flows in operation, and an auxiliary circuit biased for the short-circuit cutoff.
- the passage of a current I with a rated current greater than several thousand amperes requires the use on the main circuit of a switch 10 whose contacts are particularly conductive, for example copper ; their breaking capacity is however limited because of the generation of electric arcs.
- a second switch 20 is connected in parallel with the first 10 in order to perform the actual cutoff function, the opening of the first switch 10 actually switching the current I of the main circuit on this auxiliary circuit; the contacts of this second switch 20, for example tungsten, are of limited performance with respect to the passage of the rated current I, but have a high breaking capacity.
- the functions of transmission of the permanent current and short circuit break are separated: in case of bias, the first switch 10 is first activated, the current I then completely passes through the auxiliary circuit and causes the opening the second switch 20 to obtain the cutoff function.
- a third switch 30 is then open: its function is mainly a safety function, its association on the auxiliary circuit to avoid a dielectric strength drop of the second switch 20 which could accidentally allow the passage of current in the associated branch.
- the disconnector 30 is first closed, then the cut-off switch 20, and finally the first switch 10.
- Each of the switches 10, 20, 30 comprises a pair of movable contacts with respect to each other; advantageously, the first contact 12, 22, 32 of each pair is fixed, and the second contact 14, 24, 34 is movable relative to the first. According to a first embodiment illustrated in FIG. 2, each of the movable contacts moves in translation along a respective axis AA, BB, CC.
- the first switch 10 may be of the gas type; it can also, especially if the nominal current is very high, itself be a switching device comprising two switches in parallel with each other.
- the first switch 10 is a switch in the air comprising a first tubular contact 12 in which can be inserted a second tubular contact 14 as well.
- the second switch 20 may be a gas circuit breaker SF 6 type; preferably, since the current I - I 0 passing through it is weak in normal operation, it is a vacuum interrupter: this makes it possible to avoid the use of sulfur hexafluoride which does not fulfill all the criteria ecological, and reduces costs.
- the mobile contact 24 the second switch 20 is moved by means of an actuating bar 44 movable along the axis BB.
- the third switch 30 may, according to one embodiment, comprise a fixed contact 32 in which can be inserted another movable contact 34 along the axis CC opening / closing, the rod type.
- the rod 34 can be moved by means of a bar 46 in translation.
- a servo motor 40 allows the displacement of the first 14, second 24 and third 34 movable contacts.
- the servomotor 40 is operatively connected to each of the actuators 42, 44, 46.
- Synchronization means 50 enable the relative openings of the switches 10, 20, 30 to be deferred.
- the servomotor 40 first opens the first switch 10. This opening is, in a first part of the contact opening stroke at a relatively fast speed, between 1.5m / s and 2.5m / s and preferably equal to 2m / s. This first portion extends over substantially half of the opening stroke of the first switch 10.
- the synchronization means 50 control the opening of the second switch 20.
- This sufficient distance is a function of the voltage. For example, an opening distance of 70mm can be sufficient for a voltage of 61kV.
- the second switch opens at the latest when the first switch has traveled halfway. For example, if the couse of the first switch is 170mm, the second switch will open at the latest when the movable contacts of the first switch have traveled 85mm. Its speed of opening and relatively fast, about 2m / s.
- the first switch having traveled half of its travel, the servomotor slows down its speed of actuation of the synchronization mechanism 50 so that the second half of the opening of the contacts 12, 14 is relatively slow. Relatively slowly, it must be understood that the opening speed, expressed in m / s is about three times slower than the relatively fast speed. Thus, the relatively slow opening speed of the first switch will be between 0.5 and 0.8m / s.
- the synchronization means cause a certain time to be expected for the extinction of the circuit breaker arc 20 before moving the third contact 34 of the disconnector 30.
- the disconnector having reached a disconnection distance sufficient, the servo motor moves a position indicator (not shown) whose function is to indicate if the circuit breaker is open or closed.
- each actuating bar 42, 44, 46 of this embodiment moves in translation and is integral with the same control means 40, the three axes AA, BB, CC of opening / closing are not necessarily parallel, at least one being intersecting the first axis AA for example.
- the synchronization means 50 may thus for example comprise, on the actuating bar 42 of the first switch 10, a generally longitudinal groove 52 along the axis AA of the bar but comprising an oblique part, the groove being associated with a element of the lug type 54 secured to the second actuating bar 44, so that, at first, during the movement of the first movable contact 14, the position of the lug 54 remains stable, then, in a second step, the lug 54 is displaced so as to move the second mobile contact 24 away from the second fixed contact 22.
- the synchronization means 50 may comprise a system similar to the previous one 52, 54 to delay the opening of the disconnector 30 with respect to the breaking switch 20; it is however preferable that the synchronization means 50 are directly associated between the first and third switches 10, 30.
- the synchronization means 50 comprise a lever arm 56 coupled to an end portion at the third movable contact 34 and whose pivot axis is associated with a groove 58 located in the actuating bar 46 of the third switch 30: the actuating rods 42, 46 of the first and third switches 10, 30 are jointly moved by the actuating means 40, but a delay in the displacement of the third contact 34 is generated by the latency before the pivoting of the lever 56.
- the section switch 30 ' can operate on another principle of the "knife disconnector" type.
- the main switch 10 ' comprises two relatively translational movable contacts 12', 14 'disposed in an envelope such as a 200 mm diameter tube; in an operating position illustrated in FIG. 3A, the alternator current I 0 flows in this main circuit (see arrow).
- the servomotor 60 separates relatively quickly the two contacts 12 ', 14': the operation is performed by means of a bar 42 '.
- the current I retains its main path, but an arc is formed, covering the distance between the two contacts 12 ', 14' of the switch 10 '; then, the interruption on the main circuit is completed ( Figure 3C), and the current flows only on the auxiliary circuit, the delay means 50 'having delayed the opening of the contacts 22', 24 'of the switch 20'.
- the dielectric distance on the main circuit makes it possible to hold the transient recovery voltage, that is to say that the actuating bar 42 'moves about half of its total stroke before opening the chamber at 20 'vacuum.
- the servomotor 60 moves in translation the two relatively movable contacts 22', 24 'of the breaking chamber 20' along an axis orthogonal to the translation axis of the first switch 10 ': 3D figure.
- the displacement of the two contacts 22 ', 24' is effected by means of an actuating bar 44 'orthogonal to the bar 42', integral with the latter via the delay means 50 ', for example by means of a lug 54 'moving in a groove 52' of the first actuating bar 42 '.
- the switch 30 'section is not solicited by the delay means 50'. From this point, the servo motor 60 'operates the contacts relatively slowly.
- the fixed contact 32 'of the disconnector 30' is integral with the fixed contact 12 'of the first switch; the second contact 34 'of the disconnector 30' is relatively movable by pivoting about an axis 36 '.
- the actuating means 46 'of the contacts 32', 34 'of this switch 30' are integral with the first bar 42 '; moreover, at the pivot 36 ', the movable contact 34' comprises delay means 56 'in the form of a groove complementary to a lug of the actuating bar 46' but allowing relative movement before driving by the bar 46 'of the contact 34' rotating about its axis 36 ': finally, as shown in Figure 3F, the section is completed.
- the disconnector 30 ' can also move in a "horizontal" plane, that is to say, in the frame shown, by pivoting about a parallel axis 36' at one of the translation axes of the contacts of the other two switches 10 ', 20'.
- the reference 110 represents the curve of the opening stroke of the first contact 10
- the reference 120 represents the opening stroke of the second switch 20
- the reference 130 the opening curve of the third switch 30.
- the curve 110 has a steep slope portion 132 and a portion 134 of a relatively smaller slope.
- the part 132 corresponds to the part of the cycle during which the servomotor 40 or 60 'actuates the synchronization means relatively quickly and the part 134 corresponds to the second part of the opening cycle of the isolating circuit-breaker during which the servo-motor actuates relatively slowly these same means of synchronization.
- the part 132 of the curve 110 corresponds to an opening speed of 2 m / s while the part 134 of this same curve corresponds to an opening speed of 0.6m / s.
- the opening speed is more than three times greater during the relatively fast opening cycle portion than during the relatively slow opening cycle portion.
- the transition point 135 between the two parts of the curve is located substantially at half the opening stroke of the first switch 10.
- the opening 136 of the cut-off switch 20 is made substantially towards the end of the fast opening period and the slope of the portion 136 is substantially equal to the slope of the portion 132, that is to say that it corresponds to a speed of approximately two s, in the example.
- a certain delay is expected, for example about ten milliseconds as represented by the line segment 138 before the opening of the third isolating switch 30.
- the first switch traveled substantially two-thirds of its opening stroke.
- the opening of the disconnector switch 30 is then performed relatively quickly, as shown by the slope 140 of the curve 120, that is to say at a speed of about 2m / s and this although at this time the servo motor actuates relatively slowly the opening of the first contact.
- the relatively rapid opening of the third switch is obtained by the construction of the synchronization means, for example by the ratio of the lever arms 42 and 56 (see Figure 2).
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- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
- Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
- Motor And Converter Starters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
L'invention concerne un disjoncteur sectionneur d'alternateur comprenant :
- un premier interrupteur comprenant une première paire de contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre en translation selon un premier axe ;
- un deuxième interrupteur de coupure comprenant une deuxième paire de contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre en translation selon un deuxième axe, le deuxième interrupteur étant mis en parallèle du premier interrupteur ;
- un troisième interrupteur sectionneur comprenant une troisième paire de contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre ;
- des moyens de synchronisation permettant, lors d'une interruption, la séparation des contacts du premier interrupteur avant la séparation des contacts du deuxième interrupteur, qui eux-mêmes se séparent avant que les troisièmes contacts ne se séparent entièrement.
- a first switch comprising a first pair of movable contacts relative to each other in translation along a first axis;
- a second breaking switch comprising a second pair of movable contacts relative to each other in translation along a second axis, the second switch being placed in parallel with the first switch;
- a third isolator switch comprising a third pair of movable contacts with respect to each other;
- synchronization means allowing, during an interruption, the separation of the contacts of the first switch before the separation of the contacts of the second switch, which themselves separate before the third contacts do not separate entirely.
On connaît déjà (
On connaît également (
La présente invention a pour objet un disjoncteur sectionneur d'alternateur qui remédie à ces inconvénients. Ces buts sont atteints par le fait que les moyens de synchronisation sont actionnés par un servo-moteur.The present invention relates to an alternator disconnect circuit breaker that overcomes these disadvantages. These objects are achieved by the fact that the synchronization means are actuated by a servomotor.
Grâce à cette caractéristique on peut maîtriser les caractéristiques de déplacement des contacts en fonction du temps par un procédé électronique. Cela permet d'ajuster l'énergie de la commande aux besoins exacts du mouvement à réaliser.With this characteristic it is possible to control the characteristics of displacement of the contacts as a function of time by an electronic method. This makes it possible to adjust the energy of the control to the exact needs of the movement to be made.
Avantageusement le servo-moteur actionne les moyens de synchronisation de manière à obtenir une vitesse d'ouverture des contacts du premier interrupteur compris entre 1,5m/s et 2,5m/s pendant environ la première moitié de la course d'ouverture de ces contacts et une vitesse comprise entre 0,5m/s et 0,8m/s pendant la seconde moitié de la course d'ouverture de ces contacts.Advantageously, the servo motor actuates the synchronization means so as to obtain a contact opening speed of the first switch between 1.5m / s and 2.5m / s for approximately the first half of the opening stroke of these contacts and a speed between 0.5m / s and 0.8m / s during the second half of the opening stroke of these contacts.
Grâce à cette caractéristique on génère un mouvement rapide en début de cycle qui se ralentit fortement en une partie du cycle pour attendre l'extinction de l'arc et le mouvement du sectionneur.Thanks to this characteristic, a fast movement is generated at the beginning of the cycle which slows down strongly during a part of the cycle to wait for the extinction of the arc and the movement of the disconnector.
De préférence les moyens de synchronisation sont conçue de manière que le deuxième interrupteur s'ouvre sensiblement lorsque le premier interrupteur a effectué la moitié de sa course et à une vitesse d'ouverture comprise entre 1,5m/s et 2,5m/s.Preferably the synchronization means are designed so that the second switch opens substantially when the first switch has made half of its travel and at an opening speed between 1.5m / s and 2.5m / s.
De préférence le troisième interrupteur s'ouvre lorsque la premier interrupteur a parcouru sensiblement les deux tiers de sa course d'ouverture. Avantageusement les moyens de synchronisation sont conçus de telle manière que la vitesse d'ouverture du troisième interrupteur soit comprise entre 1,5m/s et 2,5m/s.Preferably the third switch opens when the first switch has traveled substantially two-thirds of its opening stroke. Advantageously, the synchronization means are designed in such a way that the opening speed of the third switch is between 1.5m / s and 2.5m / s.
Des caractéristiques complémentaires optionnelles ou alternatives sont énumérées ci-après :
- les contacts de la troisième paire du troisième interrupteur sont mobiles l'un par rapport en translation selon un troisième axe et l'un au moins des deuxième ou troisième axes est sécant du premier axe ;
- le troisième axe est sensiblement parallèle au premier axe ;
- le deuxième axe est sécant du premier axe ;
- les contacts de la troisième paire sont mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre par pivotement autour d'un axe ;
- le troisième interrupteur est en série avec le deuxième interrupteur est leur ensemble étant parallèle avec le premier interrupteur ;
- le deuxième axe fait un angle sensiblement égal à 90 degrés par rapport au premier axe ;
- chaque paire de contacts est associée à l'actionnement mobile sous l'action de moyens de commande ;
- le disjoncteur comprend des moyens de synchronisation adaptés pour séparer dans cet ordre les contacts du premier interrupteur puis du deuxième interrupteur puis du troisième interrupteur.
- the contacts of the third pair of the third switch are movable relative to one another in translation along a third axis and at least one of the second or third axes is secant of the first axis;
- the third axis is substantially parallel to the first axis;
- the second axis is secant of the first axis;
- the contacts of the third pair are movable relative to each other by pivoting about an axis;
- the third switch is in series with the second switch is their set being parallel with the first switch;
- the second axis is at an angle substantially equal to 90 degrees with respect to the first axis;
- each pair of contacts is associated with the mobile actuation under the action of control means;
- the circuit breaker comprises synchronization means adapted to separate in this order the contacts of the first switch then the second switch and the third switch.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront encore à la lecture de la description qui suit d'exemples de réalisations donnés à titre illustratif en référence aux figures annexées. Sur ces figures :
- la figure 1 illustre schématiquement le principe de coupure d'un disjoncteur sectionneur selon l'invention ;
- la figure 2 montre un mode de réalisation préféré du disjoncteur selon l'invention ;
- les figures 3A à 3F illustrent une séquence de coupure pour un disjoncteur d'alternateur selon un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
- la figure 4 représente trois courbes qui représentent la course des trois interrupteurs en fonction du temps.
- Figure 1 schematically illustrates the principle of breaking a circuit breaker according to the invention;
- Figure 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the circuit breaker according to the invention;
- FIGS. 3A to 3F illustrate a break sequence for an alternator circuit breaker according to another embodiment of the invention;
- FIG. 4 represents three curves representing the travel of the three switches as a function of time.
Le principe de fonctionnement d'un disjoncteur, et en particulier d'un disjoncteur d'alternateur selon l'invention, est schématisé en figure 1, avec un circuit principal dans lequel circule en fonctionnement une intensité I0 proche de l'intensité nominale I, et un circuit auxiliaire sollicité pour la coupure de court-circuit.The operating principle of a circuit breaker, and in particular of an alternator circuit breaker according to the invention, is shown schematically in FIG. FIG. 1, with a main circuit in which an intensity I 0 close to the nominal current I flows in operation, and an auxiliary circuit biased for the short-circuit cutoff.
Pour un disjoncteur d'alternateur, le passage d'un courant I d'une intensité nominale supérieure à plusieurs milliers d'ampères nécessite l'utilisation sur le circuit principal d'un interrupteur 10 dont les contacts sont particulièrement conducteurs, par exemple en cuivre ; leur pouvoir de coupure est cependant limité en raison de la génération d'arcs électriques. Un deuxième interrupteur 20 de coupure est mis en parallèle avec le premier 10 afin d'effectuer la fonction de coupure proprement dite, l'ouverture du premier interrupteur 10 commutant de fait le courant I du circuit principal sur ce circuit auxiliaire ; les contacts de ce deuxième interrupteur 20, par exemple en tungstène, sont de performance limitée en ce qui concerne le passage du courant nominal I, mais possèdent un fort pouvoir de coupure.For an alternator circuit breaker, the passage of a current I with a rated current greater than several thousand amperes requires the use on the main circuit of a
Ainsi, les fonctions de transmission du courant permanent et de coupure de court-circuit sont séparées : en cas de sollicitation, le premier interrupteur 10 est tout d'abord activé, le courant I passe alors totalement dans le circuit auxiliaire et entraîne l'ouverture du deuxième interrupteur 20 pour obtenir la fonction de coupure. En outre, un troisième interrupteur 30 est ensuite ouvert : sa fonction est principalement une fonction de sécurité, son association sur le circuit auxiliaire permettant d'éviter une baisse de tenue diélectrique du deuxième interrupteur 20 qui pourrait accidentellement permettre le passage de courant dans la branche associée.Thus, the functions of transmission of the permanent current and short circuit break are separated: in case of bias, the
Pour refermer un tel disjoncteur, l'ordre est inversé : le sectionneur 30 est d'abord refermé, puis l'interrupteur de coupure 20, et enfin le premier interrupteur 10.To close such a circuit breaker, the order is inverted: the
Chacun des interrupteurs 10, 20, 30 comprend une paire de contacts mobiles l'un par rapport à l'autre ; avantageusement, le premier contact 12, 22, 32 de chaque paire est fixe, et le deuxième contact 14, 24, 34 est mobile par rapport au premier. Selon un premier mode de réalisation illustré en figure 2, chacun des contacts mobiles se déplace par translation le long d'un axe AA, BB, CC respectif.Each of the
En particulier, le premier interrupteur 10 peut être du type à gaz ; il peut aussi, notamment si le courant nominal est très élevé, s'agir lui-même d'un appareil de commutation comprenant deux interrupteurs mis en parallèle l'un par rapport à l'autre. De préférence cependant, tel qu'illustré, le premier interrupteur 10 est un interrupteur dans l'air comprenant un premier contact 12 tubulaire dans lequel peut s'insérer un deuxième contact 14 tubulaire également.In particular, the
Le deuxième interrupteur 20 peut être un disjoncteur à gaz, du type SF6 ; de préférence, comme le courant I - I0 le traversant est faible en fonctionnement normal, il s'agit d'une ampoule à vide : ceci permet d'éviter l'utilisation de l'hexafluorure de soufre qui ne remplit pas tous les critères écologiques, et réduit les coûts. Le contact mobile 24 du deuxième interrupteur 20 est déplacé au moyen d'une barre d'actionnement 44 mobile le long de l'axe BB.The
Enfin, le troisième interrupteur 30 peut, selon un mode de réalisation, comprendre un contact fixe 32 dans lequel peut s'insérer un autre contact mobile 34 le long de l'axe CC d'ouverture/fermeture, du type tige. La tige 34 peut être déplacée par l'intermédiaire d'une barre 46 en translation.Finally, the
Un servo-moteur 40 permet le déplacement des premier 14, deuxième 24 et troisième 34 contacts mobiles. A cette fin, le servo-moteur 40 est relié de façon fonctionnelle à chacun des actuateurs 42, 44, 46. Des moyens de synchronisation 50 permettent de différer les ouvertures relatives des interrupteurs 10, 20, 30.A
Le servo-moteur 40 ouvre d'abors le premier interrupteur 10. Cette ouverture se fait, dans une première partie de la course d'ouverture des contacts à une vitesse relativement rapide, comprise entre 1,5m/s et 2,5m/s et de préférence égale à 2m/s. Cette première partie s'étend sur, sensiblement, la moitié de la course d'ouverture du premier interrupteur 10.The
Lorsque le premier interrupteur a atteint une distance d'ouverture suffisante, les moyens de synchronisation 50 commandent l'ouverture du deuxième interrupteur 20. Cette distance suffisante est fonction du voltage. A titre d'exemple une distance d'ouverture de 70mm peut être suffisante pour une tension de 61kV. En tout état de cause, le deuxième interrupteur s'ouvre au plus tard lorsque le premier interrupteur a parcouru la moitié de sa course. Par exemple, si la couse du premier interrupteur est de 170mm, le deuxième interrupteur s'ouvrira au plus tard lorsque les contacts mobiles du premier interrupteur auront parcouru 85mm. Sa vitesse d'ouverture et relativement rapide, environ 2m/s.When the first switch has reached a sufficient opening distance, the synchronization means 50 control the opening of the
Le premier interrupteur ayant parcouru la moitié de sa course, le servo-moteur ralentit sa vitesse d'actionnement du mécanisme de synchronisation 50 de telle sorte que la seconde moitié de l'ouverture des contacts 12, 14 s'effectue relativement lentement. Par relativement lentement, il faut entendre que la vitesse d'ouverture,exprimée en m/s est environ trois fois plus lente que la vitesse relativement rapide. Ainsi, la vitesse d'ouverture relativement lente du premier interrupteur sera comprise entre 0,5 et 0,8m/s.The first switch having traveled half of its travel, the servomotor slows down its speed of actuation of the
Le disjoncteur 20 étant ouvert, les moyens de synchronisation font que l'on attend un certain temps nécessaire pour l'extinction de l'arc du disjoncteur 20 avant de déplacer le troisième contact 34 du sectionneur 30. Le sectionneur ayant atteint une distance de sectionnement suffisante, le servo-moteur déplace un indicateur de position (non représenté) dont la fonction est d'indiquer si le disjoncteur est ouvert ou fermé.The
Bien que chaque barre d'actionnement 42, 44, 46 de ce mode de réalisation se déplace en translation et soit solidaire des mêmes moyens de commande 40, les trois axes AA, BB, CC d'ouverture/fermeture ne sont pas nécessairement parallèles, l'un au moins étant sécant au premier axe AA par exemple. Pour des raisons de compacité, il est préférable de disposer au moins un axe BB selon un angle d'environ 90° par rapport au premier axe AA. Bien que cette configuration nécessite des agencements différents des paires de contacts 12, 14 ; 22, 24 ; 32, 34 et de leurs moyens de mise en mouvement 42, 44, 46, il apparaît que cette géométrie, a priori écartée pour des raisons de complexité de la synchronisation, puisse être retenue.Although each actuating
Les moyens de synchronisation 50 peuvent ainsi par exemple comprendre, sur la barre d'actionnement 42 du premier interrupteur 10, une rainure 52 généralement longitudinale le long de l'axe AA de la barre mais comprenant une partie oblique, la rainure étant associée à un élément de type ergot 54 solidaire de la deuxième barre 44 d'actionnement, de sorte que, dans un premier temps, lors du mouvement du premier contact 14 mobile, la position de l'ergot 54 reste stable, puis, dans un deuxième temps, l'ergot 54 est déplacé de façon à écarter le deuxième contact 24 mobile du deuxième contact fixe 22.The synchronization means 50 may thus for example comprise, on the
Il peut être avantageux que les axes AA, CC de l'interrupteur de commutation 10 et du sectionneur 30 soient parallèles, comme illustré sur la figure 2, mais d'autres options sont possibles, tel que décrit plus loin. Les moyens de synchronisation 50 peuvent comprendre un système similaire au précédent 52, 54 pour différer l'ouverture du sectionneur 30 par rapport à l'interrupteur de coupure 20 ; il est cependant préférable que les moyens de synchronisation 50 soient associés directement entre premier et troisième interrupteurs 10, 30. Par exemple, les moyens de synchronisation 50 comprennent un bras de levier 56 couplé à une partie d'extrémité au troisième contact mobile 34 et dont l'axe de pivotement est associé à une rainure 58 localisée dans la barre d'actionnement 46 du troisième interrupteur 30 : les barres d'actionnement 42, 46 des premier et troisième interrupteurs 10, 30 sont déplacées conjointement par les moyens d'actionnement 40, mais un retard au déplacement du troisième contact 34 est généré par la latence avant le pivotement du levier 56.It may be advantageous for the axes AA, CC of the switching
D'autres solutions d'actionnement et de synchronisation sont bien entendu envisageables.Other actuation and synchronization solutions are of course conceivable.
En particulier, tel qu'illustré en figure 3, l'interrupteur de section 30' peut fonctionner sur un autre principe du type « sectionneur à couteau ». Dans le disjoncteur d'alternateur illustré, l'interrupteur principal 10' comprend deux contacts 12' , 14' mobiles relativement en translation, disposés dans une enveloppe comme un tube de diamètre 200 mm ; dans une position de fonctionnement illustrée en figure 3A, le courant I0 d'alternateur circule dans ce circuit principal (voir flèche).In particular, as illustrated in FIG. 3, the section switch 30 'can operate on another principle of the "knife disconnector" type. In the illustrated alternator circuit breaker, the main switch 10 'comprises two relatively translational movable contacts 12', 14 'disposed in an envelope such as a 200 mm diameter tube; in an operating position illustrated in FIG. 3A, the alternator current I 0 flows in this main circuit (see arrow).
Lorsqu'une coupure est requise, le servo-moteur 60 sépare relativement rapidement les deux contacts 12', 14' : l'actionnement est effectué au moyen d'une barre 42' . Dans un premier temps illustré en figure 3B, le courant I conserve son chemin principal, mais un arc est formé, couvrant la distance entre les deux contacts 12', 14' de l'interrupteur 10' ; puis, l'interruption sur le circuit principal est achevée (figure 3C), et le courant circule uniquement sur le circuit auxiliaire, les moyens de retardement 50' ayant différé l'ouverture des contacts 22', 24' de l'interrupteur de coupure 20'. Par exemple, la distance diélectrique sur le circuit principal permet de tenir la tension transitoire de rétablissement, c'est-à-dire que la barre d'actionnement 42' se déplace d'environ la moitié de sa course totale avant ouverture de la chambre à vide 20'.When a break is required, the
Pour réaliser la coupure du courant de court-circuit, le servo-moteur 60' déplace en translation les deux contacts 22', 24' mobiles relativement de la chambre de coupure 20' selon un axe orthogonal à l'axe de translation du premier interrupteur 10' : figure 3D. Le déplacement des deux contacts 22', 24' est effectué au moyen d'une barre d'actionnement 44' orthogonale à la barre 42', solidaire de cette dernière par l'intermédiaire des moyens de retardement 50', par exemple au moyen d'un ergot 54' se déplaçant dans une rainure 52' de la première barre d'actionnement 42'. Lors de l'écartement des contacts 22', 24', un arc se crée, puis, très rapidement, la coupure est achevée : figure 3E.To cut off the short-circuit current, the servomotor 60 'moves in translation the two relatively movable contacts 22', 24 'of the breaking chamber 20' along an axis orthogonal to the translation axis of the first switch 10 ': 3D figure. The displacement of the two contacts 22 ', 24' is effected by means of an actuating bar 44 'orthogonal to the bar 42', integral with the latter via the delay means 50 ', for example by means of a lug 54 'moving in a groove 52' of the first actuating bar 42 '. When spacing the contacts 22 ', 24', an arc is created, then, very quickly, the cut is completed: Figure 3E.
Pendant ces étapes, l'interrupteur 30' de section n'est pas sollicité grâce aux moyens de retardement 50'. A partir de ce point, le servo-moteur 60' manoeuvre les contacts relativement lentement. Le contact fixe 32' du sectionneur 30' est solidaire du contact fixe 12' du premier interrupteur ; le deuxième contact 34' du sectionneur 30' est mobile relativement par pivotement autour d'un axe 36'. Les moyens d'actionnement 46' des contacts 32', 34' de cet interrupteur 30' sont solidaires de la première barre 42' ; par ailleurs, au niveau du pivot 36', le contact mobile 34' comprend des moyens de retardement 56' sous la forme d'une gorge complémentaire d'un ergot de la barre d'actionnement 46' mais permettant un déplacement relatif avant entraînement par la barre 46' du contact 34' en rotation autour de son axe 36' : enfin, tel qu'illustré en figure 3F, la section est achevée.During these steps, the switch 30 'section is not solicited by the delay means 50'. From this point, the servo motor 60 'operates the contacts relatively slowly. The fixed contact 32 'of the disconnector 30' is integral with the fixed contact 12 'of the first switch; the second contact 34 'of the disconnector 30' is relatively movable by pivoting about an axis 36 '. The actuating means 46 'of the contacts 32', 34 'of this switch 30' are integral with the first bar 42 '; moreover, at the pivot 36 ', the movable contact 34' comprises delay means 56 'in the form of a groove complementary to a lug of the actuating bar 46' but allowing relative movement before driving by the bar 46 'of the contact 34' rotating about its axis 36 ': finally, as shown in Figure 3F, the section is completed.
Naturellement, d'autres actionnements sont possibles : par exemple, le sectionneur 30' peut également se déplacer dans un plan « horizontal », c'est-à-dire, dans le cadre représenté, par pivotement autour d'un axe 36' parallèle à l'un des axes de translation des contacts des deux autres interrupteurs 10', 20'.Naturally, other operations are possible: for example, the disconnector 30 'can also move in a "horizontal" plane, that is to say, in the frame shown, by pivoting about a parallel axis 36' at one of the translation axes of the contacts of the other two switches 10 ', 20'.
Sur la figure 4 la référence 110 représente la courbe de la course d'ouverture du premier contact 10, la référence 120 représente la course d'ouverture du deuxième interrupteur 20 et la référence 130 la courbe d'ouverture du troisième interrupteur 30. Comme on le constate, la courbe 110 présente une partie de forte pente 132 et une partie 134 d'une pente relativement plus faible. La partie 132 correspond à la partie du cycle pendant laquelle le servo-moteur 40 ou 60' actionne relativement rapidement les moyens de synchronisation et la partie 134 correspond à la seconde partie du cycle d'ouverture du disjoncteur sectionneur durant laquelle le servo-moteur actionne relativement lentement ces mêmes moyens de synchronisation. A titre d'exemple, la partie 132 de la courbe 110 correspond à une vitesse d'ouverture de 2 m/s tandis que la partie 134 de cette même courbe correspond à une vitesse d'ouverture de 0,6m/s. En d'autres termes, la vitesse d'ouverture est plus de trois fois supérieure durant la partie de cycle d'ouverture relativement rapide que durant la partie du cycle d'ouverture relativement lente. Le point 135 de transition entre les deux parties de la courbe est situé sensiblement à la moitié de la course d'ouverture du premier interrupteur 10. Comme on peut le voir sur la figure 4, l'ouverture 136 de l'interrupteur de coupure 20 s'effectue sensiblement vers la fin de la période d'ouverture rapide et la pente de la partie 136 est sensiblement égale à la pente de la partie 132 c'est-à-dire qu'elle correspond à une vitesse approximativement de deux m/s, dans l'exemple. Après la fin de l'ouverture de l'interrupteur de coupure 20 on attend un certain délai, par exemple une dizaine de millisecondes comme représenté par le segment de droite 138 avant l'ouverture du troisième interrupteur sectionneur 30. A ce point, le premier interrupteur a parcouru sensiblement les deux tiers de sa course d'ouverture. L'ouverture de l'interrupteur sectionneur 30 s'effectue alors relativement rapidement, comme le montre la pente 140 de la courbe 120, c'est-à-dire à une vitesse de 2m/s environ et cela bien qu'à ce moment le servo-moteur actionne relativement lentement l'ouverture du premier contact. L'ouverture relativement rapide du troisième interrupteur est obtenue par la construction des moyens de synchronisation, par exemple par le rapport des bras de levier 42 et 56 (voir figure 2).In FIG. 4 the reference 110 represents the curve of the opening stroke of the
Claims (13)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0651709A FR2901055B1 (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2006-05-12 | ALTERNATOR DISCONNECT CIRCUIT BREAKER ACTUATED BY A MOTOR SERVO |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1855300A2 true EP1855300A2 (en) | 2007-11-14 |
EP1855300A3 EP1855300A3 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
EP1855300B1 EP1855300B1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP07107906.5A Active EP1855300B1 (en) | 2006-05-12 | 2007-05-10 | Circuit-breaker disconnecting switch of an alternator activated by a servomotor |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US7705262B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP1855300B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP5038016B2 (en) |
CN (1) | CN101086924B (en) |
FR (1) | FR2901055B1 (en) |
Cited By (2)
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EP2546851A1 (en) * | 2011-07-12 | 2013-01-16 | Alstom Technology Ltd | High-voltage switching device in an electric grid |
CN103489696A (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2014-01-01 | 宁波鑫鑫鑫寅电气有限公司 | 10kV box type double-break vacuum circuit beaker of built-in disconnector structure |
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FR2950729B1 (en) * | 2009-09-29 | 2016-08-19 | Areva T&D Sas | WINDING FOR CONTACT OF MEDIUM-VOLTAGE VACUUM BULB WITH IMPROVED ARC CUTOUT, VACUUM BULB AND CIRCUIT BREAKER, SUCH AS AN ALTERNATOR DISCONNECT CIRCUIT BREAKER |
FR2957450B1 (en) * | 2010-03-09 | 2012-04-20 | Areva T & D Sas | HYBRID CIRCUIT BREAKER USING A CLOSED RETURN SWITCH |
JP4684374B1 (en) * | 2010-06-03 | 2011-05-18 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Switchgear |
FR2985081B1 (en) | 2011-12-21 | 2015-03-06 | Alstom Technology Ltd | DEVICE FOR PROTECTION AGAINST PARTICLES GENERATED BY AN ELECTRIC SWITCHING ARC |
FR2996352B1 (en) | 2012-10-02 | 2014-10-31 | Alstom Technology Ltd | ELECTRIC CONTACT DEVICE OF CONTACT TYPE WITH STRONG CURRENT CURRENT |
FR2999331B1 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2019-05-31 | Alstom Technology Ltd | IMPROVED CURRENT CUTTING APPARATUS |
CN104319166B (en) * | 2014-11-12 | 2016-05-18 | 沈阳华德海泰电器有限公司 | A kind of three station vacuum switches that adopt connection busbar to realize load-side external ground |
US11017967B2 (en) * | 2019-06-27 | 2021-05-25 | EMA Electromechanics, Inc. | Distribution grounding switch to support distributed energy resources |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1855300A3 (en) | 2009-03-04 |
JP2007305590A (en) | 2007-11-22 |
FR2901055A1 (en) | 2007-11-16 |
FR2901055B1 (en) | 2008-07-04 |
CN101086924B (en) | 2011-08-10 |
CN101086924A (en) | 2007-12-12 |
US20070262055A1 (en) | 2007-11-15 |
US7705262B2 (en) | 2010-04-27 |
EP1855300B1 (en) | 2015-08-19 |
JP5038016B2 (en) | 2012-10-03 |
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