EP2682970B1 - Switchgear apparatus comprising means for keeping the contacts closed - Google Patents

Switchgear apparatus comprising means for keeping the contacts closed Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2682970B1
EP2682970B1 EP20130305746 EP13305746A EP2682970B1 EP 2682970 B1 EP2682970 B1 EP 2682970B1 EP 20130305746 EP20130305746 EP 20130305746 EP 13305746 A EP13305746 A EP 13305746A EP 2682970 B1 EP2682970 B1 EP 2682970B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
solenoid
rod
contact
switching apparatus
contacts
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EP20130305746
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2682970A1 (en
Inventor
M. Daniel Piccoz
M. Bruno Colin
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Schneider Electric Industries SAS
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Publication of EP2682970A1 publication Critical patent/EP2682970A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/50—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position
    • H01H1/54—Means for increasing contact pressure, preventing vibration of contacts, holding contacts together after engagement, or biasing contacts to the open position by magnetic force
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/60—Switches wherein the means for extinguishing or preventing the arc do not include separate means for obtaining or increasing flow of arc-extinguishing fluid
    • H01H33/66—Vacuum switches
    • H01H33/666—Operating arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H31/00—Air-break switches for high tension without arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H31/003—Earthing switches

Definitions

  • the invention relates to electrical switching devices, including vacuum bulbs, comprising means that maintain the contacts in the closed position.
  • the holding means use the electrodynamic forces associated with the passage of current to oppose the repulsive forces between the contacts.
  • the invention finds particular application for combination switches in which the switchgear provided with holding means is located on a branch of the main line of current.
  • the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the closed position holding devices of existing vacuum bulbs.
  • the invention relates to switches comprising a vacuum interrupter placed in branch of the main line of current.
  • the invention relates to a cutting apparatus in which two contacts coupled to conductive rods extending from one another and relatively movable to one another are housed in an enclosure; advantageously, one of the contacts and its rod are fixed relative to the enclosure, which may in particular be a vacuum bulb.
  • a first rod, integral with a first contact, is associated with means for actuating in translation for a movement in the direction it defines. According to the invention, this first rod further comprises means for maintaining contact with closed position using electrodynamic forces to exert a contact pressure.
  • the holding means comprise a solenoid, preferably a helical coil spring, in electrical continuity with the first rod and the surrounding.
  • the first end of the solenoid located between the second end of the solenoid and the enclosure, is rigidly coupled to the enclosure and in direct electrical connection with the circuit on which is placed in place the switchgear; the second end of the solenoid is electrically connected to the rod.
  • An insulating screen may surround the rod, at least partially, within the solenoid; preferably, the insulating screen extends towards the enclosure so as to isolate the enclosure of the solenoid.
  • the holding means also comprise pressure means which are rigidly coupled to the rod and capable of moving in the direction of movement of the rod according to the current flowing in the solenoid.
  • the increase in the intensity of the current in the solenoid causes a displacement of the pressure means which generates a compressive force assisting in maintaining the contacts in the closed position.
  • the pressure means involve the solenoid itself, the second end of which is rigidly coupled with the rod, so that the passage of the current causes compression of the solenoid and therefore force maintaining the contacts closed.
  • the pressure means may further comprise a ferromagnetic core within the solenoid reinforcing this compressive force.
  • the invention also relates to a current switch comprising a vacuum interrupter according to the invention placed on a branch of a main switch line.
  • a disconnector can take two positions of opening or closing of the conductive line between the two terminals of the switch; a shunt between the two terminals comprises said bulb and a third contact.
  • the third contact is isolated from the rest of the line; between the closing and opening positions, the disconnector passes through an intermediate and temporary closing position the third contact, the fault current then being diverted to the vacuum interrupter for breaking the line.
  • an electric breaking device 10 comprises two relatively movable contacts 12, 14 housed in an enclosure 16 which can be gastight, and in particular a vacuum interrupter.
  • the two contacts 12, 14 are associated with rigid rod-type conductors 22, 24 which make it possible to bring the current between the contacts 12, 14, and which are relatively mobile; in particular, the rods 22, 24 are in the extension of one another to allow movement in translation along their axis.
  • the vacuum interrupter 10 is integrated in an electrical energy distribution circuit: a control mechanism for opening or closing the bulb 26 is coupled to a first rod 22 to mobilize it in translation, the second rod 24 being fixed relative to the enclosure 16.
  • the first rod 22 is further associated with holding means 30 in the closed position, which use the electrodynamic forces due to the flow of current to exert a contact pressure.
  • the holding means comprise a solenoid 32 partially surrounding the first rod 22, to which it is electrically connected.
  • the first end 34 of the solenoid is connected to the electrical distribution circuit, and the second end 36 of the solenoid is connected to the rod 22.
  • an insulating screen 38 for example a sheath surrounding the rod 22, in order to isolate the latter; advantageously, the sheath 38 extends beyond the solenoid 32 and / or towards the enclosure 16 to also form a screen separating the chamber 16 from the solenoid 32, for example by a disk.
  • the solenoid 32 exerts a compressive force on the first contact 12 via the Lorentz forces which cause it to be compressed.
  • the first end 34 of the solenoid 32 is rigidly coupled to the chamber 16 of the vacuum bottle 10, in particular by an insulating member 40 integral with the bulb 16 and now fixedly fixed the first turns 34 solenoid 32.
  • the second end 36 of the solenoid 32 is rigidly secured to it, in particular by means of a mechanical conductive support 42 forming a pressure medium; the two functions of mechanical and electrical coupling are advantageously filled by the same element, for example a sleeve 42 for holding the last turns 36 of the solenoid 32 associated with a mechanical attachment of screw / nut type.
  • the compression of the solenoid 32 causes a displacement of the rod 22 connected to its second end 36, with respect to the enclosure 16 which is coupled to the first 34, by pressure via the link 42: the first end 34 of the solenoid 32 is therefore placed between the second end 36 and the enclosure 16 / the contacts 12, 14.
  • the electric current is conveyed via the second rod 24 through the contacts 14, 12 to the first rod 22 and then the link 42 to pass through the solenoid 32 and leave it at its first end 34.
  • the current can also be routed to the first end 34 of the solenoid 32 that it passes through to then move in the link 42 to the first rod 22 through the two contacts 12, 14, to exit the bulb 16 by the second rod 24.
  • the solenoid 32 is formed by a helically wound conductor of a compression spring 2.
  • the spring 32 thus formed can be cylindrical ( figures 2 ), but also prismatic or elliptical, etc. ; the pitch between the turns may be constant or variable, in particular to allow easy attachment to the connecting means 40, 42 to the rod 22 and the enclosure 16; similarly, the propeller may be of constant radius 32A or variable 32B, in particular depending on the available space and the chosen method of attachment.
  • the solenoid 32A is composed of 6 mm diameter wire, for example bronze , which may comprise five turns separated from each other by a distance of the order of 14.5 mm, for a mean diameter of 40 mm from the solenoid 32A: the overall size of the holding device 30 remains therefore very limited, less than 4 ⁇ 10 cm, with in addition a simple and inexpensive construction.
  • a compression force of 1640 N can be developed by this device 30.
  • a ferromagnetic core 44 is coupled to the rod 22 at within the solenoid 32; the coupling can be separated, but it is advantageous to use the same mechanical coupling means 46 for the second end 36 of the solenoid 32 and the core 44, in which case an additional electrical connection 48 is placed between said second end 36 and the rod 22, the mechanical coupling means 46 being made of insulating material, in particular by a cylindrical pin.
  • the holding means 50 thus formed then use two electrodynamic forces to exert a pressure between the movable contact 12 and the fixed contact 14: the compression generated by the attraction between them of the turns of the solenoid 32, and the displacement of the ferromagnetic core 42 generated by the passage of current in the solenoid 32 acting for this part as an induction coil.
  • the preceding vacuum bulb 10 can in particular be used in a switch as described in the document EP 2 182 536 and illustrated schematically in figure 4 .
  • the switch 100 comprises a main conductive line 102 to be connected to the electrical circuit, and provided with a disconnector 104 which can pass from the closed position to the open position of two main contacts 106, 108; the open position preferably corresponds to a grounding 110 by the disconnector 104.
  • the main line 102 is provided with a bypass 112 comprising a switchgear device 10 as previously described, but usually remains off: the first end of the branch 112 is certainly connected to the main line, but the second end forms a contact 114 which remains open.
  • the vacuum interrupter 10 does not see current flowing, and its contacts are closed.
  • the disconnector 104 During its passage from the closed position to the open position, the disconnector 104 passes through an intermediate position of closure of the contact 114 of the branch, the main line remaining closed, then opening the main line 102 while maintaining the contact 114 of the bypass 112 closed: the vacuum bulb 10 then sees all the current for a few milliseconds, and it is she who, thanks to the continued movement of the disconnector 104, ensures the breaking of the current and the opening of the circuit electric.
  • this switch 100 can be used for particular applications with high currents during switching (tilting phase between the main circuit 102 and the secondary circuit 112 through the bulb 10): with the architecture of the switch EP 2 182 536 , the holding means 30, 50 make it possible, in addition to keeping the contacts 12, 14 of the vacuum bottle 10 in pressure, to maintain contact between the contact 114 and the knife 108 until the current is cut through Vacuum bulb and opening of the circuit.

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  • High-Tension Arc-Extinguishing Switches Without Spraying Means (AREA)
  • Mechanisms For Operating Contacts (AREA)

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUETECHNICAL AREA

L'invention concerne les appareils de coupure électrique, notamment les ampoules à vide, comprenant des moyens qui maintiennent les contacts en position fermée. En particulier, les moyens de maintien utilisent les efforts électrodynamiques liés au passage du courant pour s'opposer aux efforts de répulsion entre les contacts.The invention relates to electrical switching devices, including vacuum bulbs, comprising means that maintain the contacts in the closed position. In particular, the holding means use the electrodynamic forces associated with the passage of current to oppose the repulsive forces between the contacts.

L'invention trouve une application particulière pour les interrupteurs combinés dans lesquels l'appareil de coupure muni de moyens de maintien est localisé sur une dérivation de la ligne principale de courant.The invention finds particular application for combination switches in which the switchgear provided with holding means is located on a branch of the main line of current.

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUESTATE OF THE ART

Pour tout appareil de coupure électrique, en particulier dans le cas des ampoules à vide, il importe de s'assurer qu'une pression suffisante est exercée entre le contact mobile et le contact fixe pour garantir le passage du courant en position fermée. De fait, un courant de défaut intempestif crée une force électromagnétique qui tend à écarter les contacts pouvant aller à la coupure inopinée, avec possible génération d'arc électrique ; dans tous les cas, une pression insuffisante augmente la résistance entre les contacts et donc la température locale, ce qui peut entraîner la détérioration voire la soudure des pastilles de contact.For any electrical switchgear, especially in the case of vacuum interrupters, it is important to ensure that sufficient pressure is exerted between the movable contact and the fixed contact to ensure that the current flows in the closed position. In fact, an inadvertent fault current creates an electromagnetic force that tends to spread the contacts that can go to the unexpected cut, with possible generation of electric arc; in any case, insufficient pressure increases the resistance between the contacts and therefore the local temperature, which can lead to the deterioration or even the welding of the contact pads.

Classiquement, afin de s'opposer aux efforts de répulsion des contacts, une pression additionnelle est fournie par un système mécanique de type ressort de compression, dont la force est dimensionnée pour le courant de défaut (jusqu'à 1500 N pour une ampoule à vide tolérant un courant de défaut élevé). Le ressort étant alors intégré à la chaine cinématique de commande de l'ampoule à vide, une sollicitation élevée permanente pénalise le mécanisme alors que le ressort n'est nécessaire que lors d'un défaut et principalement lors d'un court-circuit ; la vitesse de fermeture de l'ampoule est elle aussi altérée en raison de l'énergie à fournir pour comprimer le ressort en plus de l'énergie nécessaire pour fermer l'ampoule.Conventionally, in order to oppose the repulsion efforts of the contacts, additional pressure is provided by a mechanical compression spring type system, whose force is dimensioned for the fault current (up to 1500 N for a vacuum interrupter). tolerant of a high fault current). The spring then being integrated into the control kinematic chain of the vacuum interrupter, a permanent high stress penalizes the mechanism whereas the spring is only necessary during a fault and mainly during a short circuit; the closing speed of the bulb is also altered because of the energy to be supplied to compress the spring in addition to the energy required to close the bulb.

Pour remédier partiellement à ces problèmes, des ressorts de compression dont la raideur est ajustable ont été proposés : voir EP 2 037 475 . Cette solution est cependant lourde à mettre en oeuvre mécaniquement et coûteuse.To partially remedy these problems, compression springs whose stiffness is adjustable have been proposed: see EP 2,037,475 . This solution is however cumbersome to implement mechanically and costly.

Alternativement, des dispositifs ont été développés dans lesquels l'intensité du courant circulant entre les contacts ajuste elle-même la force de maintien en position fermée le document US 4 030 055 concerne un tel dispositif. Notamment, on connaît les dispositifs appelés « main de fer », tels que décrits par exemple dans FR 1 529 018 ; une modification de la ligne conductrice de courant, avec mise en place d'une boucle permettant de mettre en oeuvre des forces de répulsion électrodynamique, a également été envisagée : voir WO 98/01883 . La chaîne cinématique de commande de l'ampoule à vide se trouve ainsi simplifiée et moins sollicitée lors de la fermeture ; cependant, ces solutions alourdissent la mise en forme des conducteurs d'amenée du courant et impliquent la mise en place d'une protection pour garantir leur intégrité, ce qui augmente l'encombrement et le coût de l'interrupteur final.Alternatively, devices have been developed in which the intensity of the current flowing between the contacts itself adjusts the holding force in the closed position. US 4,030,055 relates to such a device. In particular, we know the devices called "iron hand", as described for example in FR 1 529 018 ; a modification of the current-conducting line, with the introduction of a loop making it possible to implement electrodynamic repulsion forces, has also been envisaged: see WO 98/01883 . The control kinematic chain of the vacuum bulb is thus simplified and less stressed during closure; however, these solutions increase the shaping of the current supply conductors and involve the establishment of a protection to ensure their integrity, which increases the size and cost of the final switch.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Parmi autres avantages, l'invention vise à pallier des inconvénients des dispositifs de maintien en position fermée des ampoules à vide existant. En particulier, l'invention concerne les interrupteurs comprenant une ampoule à vide placée en dérivation de la ligne principale de courant.Among other advantages, the invention aims to overcome the disadvantages of the closed position holding devices of existing vacuum bulbs. In particular, the invention relates to switches comprising a vacuum interrupter placed in branch of the main line of current.

Plus généralement, l'invention est relative à un appareil de coupure dans lequel deux contacts couplés à des tiges conductrices en prolongement l'une de l'autre et mobiles relativement l'un à l'autre sont logés dans une enceinte ; avantageusement, l'un des contacts et sa tige sont fixes par rapport à l'enceinte, qui peut notamment être une ampoule à vide. Une première tige, solidaire d'un premier contact, est associée à des moyens d'actionnement en translation pour un mouvement dans la direction qu'elle définit. Selon l'invention, cette première tige comprend en outre des moyens de maintien des contacts en position fermée utilisant les efforts électrodynamiques pour exercer une pression de contact.More generally, the invention relates to a cutting apparatus in which two contacts coupled to conductive rods extending from one another and relatively movable to one another are housed in an enclosure; advantageously, one of the contacts and its rod are fixed relative to the enclosure, which may in particular be a vacuum bulb. A first rod, integral with a first contact, is associated with means for actuating in translation for a movement in the direction it defines. According to the invention, this first rod further comprises means for maintaining contact with closed position using electrodynamic forces to exert a contact pressure.

En particulier, les moyens de maintien comprennent un solénoïde, de préférence un ressort hélicoïdal conducteur, en continuité électrique avec la première tige et l'entourant. La première extrémité du solénoïde, localisée entre la deuxième extrémité du solénoïde et l'enceinte, est couplée de façon rigide à l'enceinte et en liaison électrique directe avec le circuit sur lequel est mis en place l'appareil de coupure ; la deuxième extrémité du solénoïde est raccordée électriquement à la tige. Un écran isolant peut entourer la tige, au moins partiellement, au sein du solénoïde ; de préférence, l'écran isolant se prolonge en direction de l'enceinte de façon à isoler l'enceinte du solénoïde.In particular, the holding means comprise a solenoid, preferably a helical coil spring, in electrical continuity with the first rod and the surrounding. The first end of the solenoid, located between the second end of the solenoid and the enclosure, is rigidly coupled to the enclosure and in direct electrical connection with the circuit on which is placed in place the switchgear; the second end of the solenoid is electrically connected to the rod. An insulating screen may surround the rod, at least partially, within the solenoid; preferably, the insulating screen extends towards the enclosure so as to isolate the enclosure of the solenoid.

Les moyens de maintien comprennent par ailleurs des moyens de pression qui sont couplés de façon rigide à la tige et susceptible de se déplacer dans la direction de déplacement de la tige suivant le courant circulant dans le solénoïde. En particulier, l'augmentation de l'intensité du courant dans le solénoïde entraîne un déplacement des moyens de pression qui génère une force de compression assistant au maintien des contacts en position fermée.The holding means also comprise pressure means which are rigidly coupled to the rod and capable of moving in the direction of movement of the rod according to the current flowing in the solenoid. In particular, the increase in the intensity of the current in the solenoid causes a displacement of the pressure means which generates a compressive force assisting in maintaining the contacts in the closed position.

Les moyens de pression impliquent le solénoïde lui-même, dont la deuxième extrémité est couplée de façon rigide avec la tige, de sorte que le passage du courant entraîne une compression du solénoïde et donc une force maintenant les contacts fermés. Les moyens de pression peuvent comprendre en outre un noyau ferromagnétique au sein du solénoïde renforçant cette force de compression.The pressure means involve the solenoid itself, the second end of which is rigidly coupled with the rod, so that the passage of the current causes compression of the solenoid and therefore force maintaining the contacts closed. The pressure means may further comprise a ferromagnetic core within the solenoid reinforcing this compressive force.

L'invention se rapporte également à un interrupteur de courant comprenant une ampoule à vide selon l'invention mise en place sur une dérivation d'une ligne principale d'interrupteur. En particulier, un sectionneur peut prendre deux positions d'ouverture ou de fermeture de la ligne conductrice entre les deux bornes de l'interrupteur ; une dérivation entre les deux bornes comprend ladite ampoule et un troisième contact. En régime normal, le troisième contact est isolé du reste de la ligne ; entre les positions de fermeture et d'ouverture, le sectionneur passe par une position intermédiaire et temporaire de fermeture du troisième contact, le courant de défaut étant alors dévié vers l'ampoule à vide pour coupure de la ligne.The invention also relates to a current switch comprising a vacuum interrupter according to the invention placed on a branch of a main switch line. In particular, a disconnector can take two positions of opening or closing of the conductive line between the two terminals of the switch; a shunt between the two terminals comprises said bulb and a third contact. In normal operation, the third contact is isolated from the rest of the line; between the closing and opening positions, the disconnector passes through an intermediate and temporary closing position the third contact, the fault current then being diverted to the vacuum interrupter for breaking the line.

BREVE DESCRIPTION DES FIGURESBRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui suit de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre illustratif et nullement limitatifs, représentés dans les figures annexées.

  • La figure 1 illustre une ampoule à vide selon un mode de réalisation préféré selon l'invention.
  • Les figures 2A et 2B montrent des modes de réalisation des solénoïdes des moyens de maintien selon l'invention.
  • La figure 3 illustre un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention.
  • La figure 4 représente un interrupteur selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
Other advantages and features will emerge more clearly from the following description of particular embodiments of the invention, given by way of illustration and in no way limiting, represented in the appended figures.
  • The figure 1 illustrates a vacuum interrupter according to a preferred embodiment according to the invention.
  • The Figures 2A and 2B show embodiments of the solenoids of the holding means according to the invention.
  • The figure 3 illustrates another embodiment of the invention.
  • The figure 4 represents a switch according to one embodiment of the invention.

DESCRIPTION DETAILLEE D'UN MODE DE REALISATION PREFEREDETAILED DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Tel qu'illustré schématiquement en figure 1, un appareil de coupure électrique 10 selon l'invention comprend deux contacts 12, 14 mobiles relativement logés dans une enceinte 16 qui peut être étanche aux gaz, et notamment une ampoule à vide. Les deux contacts 12, 14 sont associés à des conducteurs rigides de type tiges 22, 24 qui permettent d'amener le courant entre les contacts 12, 14, et qui sont mobiles relativement ; en particulier, les tiges 22, 24 sont dans le prolongement l'une de l'autre pour permettre un mouvement en translation le long de leur axe. L'ampoule à vide 10 est intégrée à un circuit de distribution d'énergie électrique : un mécanisme de commande d'ouverture ou de fermeture de l'ampoule 26 est couplé à une première tige 22 pour la mobiliser en translation, la deuxième tige 24 étant fixe par rapport à l'enceinte 16.As schematically illustrated in figure 1 , an electric breaking device 10 according to the invention comprises two relatively movable contacts 12, 14 housed in an enclosure 16 which can be gastight, and in particular a vacuum interrupter. The two contacts 12, 14 are associated with rigid rod-type conductors 22, 24 which make it possible to bring the current between the contacts 12, 14, and which are relatively mobile; in particular, the rods 22, 24 are in the extension of one another to allow movement in translation along their axis. The vacuum interrupter 10 is integrated in an electrical energy distribution circuit: a control mechanism for opening or closing the bulb 26 is coupled to a first rod 22 to mobilize it in translation, the second rod 24 being fixed relative to the enclosure 16.

Selon l'invention, la première tige 22 est en outre associée à des moyens de maintien 30 en position fermée, qui utilisent les efforts électrodynamiques dus à la circulation du courant pour exercer une pression de contact. En particulier, dans le mode de réalisation illustré en figure 1, les moyens de maintien comprennent un solénoïde 32 entourant partiellement la première tige 22, à laquelle il est relié électriquement. Notamment, la première extrémité 34 du solénoïde est raccordée au circuit de distribution électrique, et la deuxième extrémité 36 du solénoïde est reliée à la tige 22. Entre la tige 22 et le solénoïde 32 est de préférence placé un écran isolant 38, par exemple une gaine entourant la tige 22, afin d'isoler cette dernière ; avantageusement, la gaine 38 se prolonge au-delà du solénoïde 32 et/ou en direction de l'enceinte 16 pour former également un écran séparant l'enceinte 16 du solénoïde 32, par exemple par un disque.According to the invention, the first rod 22 is further associated with holding means 30 in the closed position, which use the electrodynamic forces due to the flow of current to exert a contact pressure. In particular, in the embodiment illustrated in figure 1 , the holding means comprise a solenoid 32 partially surrounding the first rod 22, to which it is electrically connected. In particular, the first end 34 of the solenoid is connected to the electrical distribution circuit, and the second end 36 of the solenoid is connected to the rod 22. Between the rod 22 and the solenoid 32 is preferably placed an insulating screen 38, for example a sheath surrounding the rod 22, in order to isolate the latter; advantageously, the sheath 38 extends beyond the solenoid 32 and / or towards the enclosure 16 to also form a screen separating the chamber 16 from the solenoid 32, for example by a disk.

Le solénoïde 32 exerce une force de compression sur le premier contact 12 par l'intermédiaire des forces de Lorentz qui entraînent sa compression. A cette fin, la première extrémité 34 du solénoïde 32 est couplée de façon rigide à l'enceinte 16 de l'ampoule à vide 10, notamment par un élément isolant 40 solidaire de l'ampoule 16 et maintenant de façon fixe les premières spires 34 du solénoïde 32. La deuxième extrémité 36 du solénoïde 32, déjà reliée électriquement à la tige 22, lui est solidarisée de façon rigide, notamment par l'intermédiaire d'un support mécanique conducteur 42 formant moyen de pression ; les deux fonctions de couplages mécanique et électrique sont avantageusement remplies par le même élément, par exemple un manchon 42 de maintien des dernières spires 36 du solénoïde 32 associé par une fixation mécanique de type vis / écrou. La compression du solénoïde 32 entraîne un déplacement de la tige 22 reliée à sa deuxième extrémité 36, par rapport à l'enceinte 16 qui est couplée à la première 34, par pression via la liaison 42 : la première extrémité 34 du solénoïde 32 est donc placée entre la deuxième extrémité 36 et l'enceinte 16 / les contacts 12, 14.The solenoid 32 exerts a compressive force on the first contact 12 via the Lorentz forces which cause it to be compressed. To this end, the first end 34 of the solenoid 32 is rigidly coupled to the chamber 16 of the vacuum bottle 10, in particular by an insulating member 40 integral with the bulb 16 and now fixedly fixed the first turns 34 solenoid 32. The second end 36 of the solenoid 32, already electrically connected to the rod 22, is rigidly secured to it, in particular by means of a mechanical conductive support 42 forming a pressure medium; the two functions of mechanical and electrical coupling are advantageously filled by the same element, for example a sleeve 42 for holding the last turns 36 of the solenoid 32 associated with a mechanical attachment of screw / nut type. The compression of the solenoid 32 causes a displacement of the rod 22 connected to its second end 36, with respect to the enclosure 16 which is coupled to the first 34, by pressure via the link 42: the first end 34 of the solenoid 32 is therefore placed between the second end 36 and the enclosure 16 / the contacts 12, 14.

En particulier, en position fermée « normale », le courant électrique est acheminé via la seconde tige 24 à travers les contacts 14, 12 vers la première tige 22 puis la liaison 42 pour traverser le solénoïde 32 et en sortir par sa première extrémité 34. Inversement, le courant peut aussi être acheminé à la première extrémité 34 du solénoïde 32 qu'il traverse pour ensuite circuler dans la liaison 42 vers la première tige 22 à travers les deux contacts 12, 14, pour sortir de l'ampoule 16 par la deuxième tige 24.In particular, in the "normal" closed position, the electric current is conveyed via the second rod 24 through the contacts 14, 12 to the first rod 22 and then the link 42 to pass through the solenoid 32 and leave it at its first end 34. Conversely, the current can also be routed to the first end 34 of the solenoid 32 that it passes through to then move in the link 42 to the first rod 22 through the two contacts 12, 14, to exit the bulb 16 by the second rod 24.

Lors du passage d'un fort courant, par exemple lors d'un défaut de court-circuit de plusieurs kilo-ampères, les efforts électrodynamiques proportionnels au carré de l'intensité du courant à l'instant t, engendrent des efforts de répulsion importants entre les contacts 12, 14 de l'ampoule à vide 16 qui tendent à l'ouvrir alors que cette séparation des contacts 12, 14, liée à un phénomène physique, est non désirée. Or, le courant de défaut génère également des efforts électrodynamiques entre les spires du solénoïde 32, qui tendent à s'attirer et à comprimer le solénoïde 32, créant ainsi une contre-réaction qui annule les efforts de répulsion des contacts 12, 14, voire même maintient les contacts 12, 14 fermés avec une pression.During the passage of a strong current, for example in the event of a short-circuit fault of several kilo-amperes, the electrodynamic forces proportional to the square of the intensity of the current at the moment t, generate repulsive efforts important between the contacts 12, 14 of the vacuum interrupter 16 which tend to open it while this separation of the contacts 12, 14, linked to a physical phenomenon, is undesired. However, the fault current also generates electrodynamic forces between the turns of the solenoid 32, which tend to attract and compress the solenoid 32, thus creating a negative feedback which cancels the repulsive forces of the contacts 12, 14 or even keeps the contacts 12, 14 closed with pressure.

En particulier, pour une ampoule à vide 16, le solénoïde 32 est formé par un conducteur enroulé sous forme hélicoïdale d'un ressort de compression 2. Le ressort 32 ainsi formé peut être cylindrique (figures 2), mais aussi prismatique ou elliptique, etc. ; le pas entre les spires peut être constant ou variable, notamment pour permettre un accrochage aisé sur les moyens de liaison 40, 42 à la tige 22 et à l'enceinte 16 ; similairement, l'hélice peut être de rayon constant 32A ou variable 32B, notamment selon la place disponible et le mode de fixation choisi. En particulier, pour une ampoule à vide 16 dont la force de répulsion entre les contacts 12, 14 avoisine les 1430 N pour 28 kA avec une asymétrie de 30 %, le solénoïde 32A est composé de fil de diamètre 6 mm, en bronze par exemple, qui peut comprendre de cinq spires séparées l'une de l'autre d'une distance de l'ordre de 14,5 mm, pour un diamètre moyen de 40 mm du solénoïde 32A : l'encombrement global du dispositif de maintien 30 reste donc très limité, inférieur à 4 × 10 cm, avec en outre une construction simple et peu coûteuse. Lors d'un défaut de court-circuit de quelques millisecondes, par exemple avec un courant instantané maximum de 28000 A (√2 × 20 kA), une force de compression de 1640 N peut être développée par ce dispositif 30.In particular, for a vacuum interrupter 16, the solenoid 32 is formed by a helically wound conductor of a compression spring 2. The spring 32 thus formed can be cylindrical ( figures 2 ), but also prismatic or elliptical, etc. ; the pitch between the turns may be constant or variable, in particular to allow easy attachment to the connecting means 40, 42 to the rod 22 and the enclosure 16; similarly, the propeller may be of constant radius 32A or variable 32B, in particular depending on the available space and the chosen method of attachment. In particular, for a vacuum interrupter 16 whose repulsive force between the contacts 12, 14 is close to 1430 N for 28 kA with an asymmetry of 30%, the solenoid 32A is composed of 6 mm diameter wire, for example bronze , which may comprise five turns separated from each other by a distance of the order of 14.5 mm, for a mean diameter of 40 mm from the solenoid 32A: the overall size of the holding device 30 remains therefore very limited, less than 4 × 10 cm, with in addition a simple and inexpensive construction. During a short-circuit fault of a few milliseconds, for example with a maximum instantaneous current of 28000 A (√2 × 20 kA), a compression force of 1640 N can be developed by this device 30.

Afin de renforcer la force de maintien et également de permettre un ajustement plus précis, il est possible d'ajouter des moyens de pression moins puissants au solénoïde précédent 32 : voir figure 3. En particulier, un noyau ferromagnétique 44 est couplé à la tige 22 au sein du solénoïde 32 ; le couplage peut être séparé, mais il est avantageux d'utiliser les mêmes moyens de couplage 46 mécanique pour la deuxième extrémité 36 du solénoïde 32 et le noyau 44, auquel cas une liaison électrique additionnelle 48 est mise en place entre ladite deuxième extrémité 36 et la tige 22, les moyens de couplage mécanique 46 étant réalisés en matériau isolant, notamment par une goupille cylindrique.In order to reinforce the holding force and also to allow a more precise adjustment, it is possible to add less powerful pressure means to the previous solenoid 32: see figure 3 . In particular, a ferromagnetic core 44 is coupled to the rod 22 at within the solenoid 32; the coupling can be separated, but it is advantageous to use the same mechanical coupling means 46 for the second end 36 of the solenoid 32 and the core 44, in which case an additional electrical connection 48 is placed between said second end 36 and the rod 22, the mechanical coupling means 46 being made of insulating material, in particular by a cylindrical pin.

Les moyens de maintien 50 ainsi formés utilisent alors deux forces électrodynamiques pour exercer une pression entre le contact mobile 12 et le contact fixe 14 : la compression générée par l'attirance entre elles des spires du solénoïde 32, et le déplacement du noyau ferromagnétique 42 généré par le passage de courant au sein du solénoïde 32 agissant pour cette part comme une bobine d'induction.The holding means 50 thus formed then use two electrodynamic forces to exert a pressure between the movable contact 12 and the fixed contact 14: the compression generated by the attraction between them of the turns of the solenoid 32, and the displacement of the ferromagnetic core 42 generated by the passage of current in the solenoid 32 acting for this part as an induction coil.

L'ampoule à vide 10 précédente peut notamment être utilisée dans un interrupteur tel que décrit dans le document EP 2 182 536 et illustré schématiquement en figure 4. Notamment, l'interrupteur 100 comprend une ligne conductrice principale 102 à raccorder au circuit électrique, et munie d'un sectionneur 104 qui peut passer de la position fermée à la position ouverte de deux contacts principaux 106, 108 ; la position ouverte correspond de préférence à une mise à la terre 110 par le sectionneur 104. La ligne principale 102 est munie d'une dérivation 112 comprenant un appareil de coupure 10 tel que précédemment décrit, mais reste usuellement hors tension : la première extrémité de la dérivation 112 est certes reliée à la ligne principale, mais la deuxième extrémité forme un contact 114 qui reste ouvert. Ainsi, en régime usuel, l'ampoule à vide 10 ne voit pas de courant circuler, et ses contacts sont fermés.The preceding vacuum bulb 10 can in particular be used in a switch as described in the document EP 2 182 536 and illustrated schematically in figure 4 . In particular, the switch 100 comprises a main conductive line 102 to be connected to the electrical circuit, and provided with a disconnector 104 which can pass from the closed position to the open position of two main contacts 106, 108; the open position preferably corresponds to a grounding 110 by the disconnector 104. The main line 102 is provided with a bypass 112 comprising a switchgear device 10 as previously described, but usually remains off: the first end of the branch 112 is certainly connected to the main line, but the second end forms a contact 114 which remains open. Thus, under usual conditions, the vacuum interrupter 10 does not see current flowing, and its contacts are closed.

Lors de son passage de la position fermée à la position ouverte, le sectionneur 104 passe par une position intermédiaire de fermeture du contact 114 de la dérivation, la ligne principale restant fermée, puis d'ouverture de la ligne principale 102 en maintenant le contact 114 de la dérivation 112 fermée : l'ampoule à vide 10 voit alors passer tout le courant pendant quelques millisecondes, et c'est elle qui, grâce à la poursuite du mouvement du sectionneur 104, assure la coupure du courant et l'ouverture du circuit électrique.During its passage from the closed position to the open position, the disconnector 104 passes through an intermediate position of closure of the contact 114 of the branch, the main line remaining closed, then opening the main line 102 while maintaining the contact 114 of the bypass 112 closed: the vacuum bulb 10 then sees all the current for a few milliseconds, and it is she who, thanks to the continued movement of the disconnector 104, ensures the breaking of the current and the opening of the circuit electric.

Grâce aux moyens de maintien 30, 50 selon l'invention, cet interrupteur 100 peut être utilisé pour des applications particulières avec des courants élevés lors de la commutation (phase de basculement entre le circuit principal 102 et le circuit secondaire 112 à travers l'ampoule à vide 10) : avec l'architecture de l'interrupteur de EP 2 182 536 , les moyens de maintien 30, 50 permettent, outre le maintien en pression des contacts 12, 14 de l'ampoule à vide 10, de conserver le contact entre le contact 114 et le couteau 108 jusqu'à la coupure du courant à travers l'ampoule à vide et l'ouverture du circuit.With the holding means 30, 50 according to the invention, this switch 100 can be used for particular applications with high currents during switching (tilting phase between the main circuit 102 and the secondary circuit 112 through the bulb 10): with the architecture of the switch EP 2 182 536 , the holding means 30, 50 make it possible, in addition to keeping the contacts 12, 14 of the vacuum bottle 10 in pressure, to maintain contact between the contact 114 and the knife 108 until the current is cut through Vacuum bulb and opening of the circuit.

Bien que l'invention ait été décrite en référence à une ampoule à vide, elle ne s'y limite pas : d'autres appareils de coupure peuvent être concernés par l'invention pour autant qu'ils soient réalisés selon les revendications.Although the invention has been described with reference to a vacuum interrupter, it is not limited thereto: other switching devices may be concerned by the invention as far as they are made according to the claims.

Claims (8)

  1. Electrical switching apparatus (10) comprising a chamber (16) housing two contacts (12, 14) that can move relative to one another, each contact (12, 14) being coupled to a current-conveying conductive rod (22, 24), the two rods (22, 24) being an extension of one another and the relative movement of the contacts (12, 14) being a translation along the rods (22, 24), in which a first rod (22) is associated with actuation means to displace the first contact (12) and means (30, 50) for keeping the contacts (12, 14) in the closed position, characterized in that the keeping means (30, 50) comprise:
    - a solenoid (32) surrounding the first rod (22) and extending between a first end (34) connected to the electrical circuit and a second end (36) linked electrically to the first rod (22) to convey the current therein, the first end (34) of the solenoid (32) being located between the second end (36) and the first contact (12) and rigidly coupled to the chamber (16), and
    - pressure means (42, 44) comprising a rigid link (42) between the solenoid (32) and the first rod (22),
    such that the closed position of the contacts (12, 14) and the passage of the current that it implies in the solenoid (32) lead to the displacement of the pressure means (42, 44) towards the second contact (14) and a convergence of the two ends (34, 36) of the solenoid (32) whose force assists in keeping the closed position.
  2. Switching apparatus according to Claim 1, in which the second rod (24) and the second contact (14) are fixed relative to the chamber (16).
  3. Switching apparatus according to one of Claims 1 and 2, in which the solenoid (32) is a helically wound conductor in the form of a spring.
  4. Switching apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 3 further comprising an insulating screen (38) around at least a part of the first rod (22) in the solenoid (32).
  5. Switching apparatus according to Claim 4, in which the insulating screen (38) is extended to insulate the chamber (16) from the solenoid (32).
  6. Switching apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 5, in which said pressure means further comprise a ferromagnetic core (44) associated with the first rod (22) within the solenoid (32).
  7. Switching apparatus according to one of Claims 1 to 6, in which the chamber is a vacuum bottle (16).
  8. Current interrupter (100) comprising a conductive line (102) to be connected to an electrical circuit and provided with a disconnector (104) that can assume a position of opening of the line (102) and a position of closure of the line (102), said line (102) being equipped with a tapping (112) comprising a switching apparatus (10) according to Claim 7 between a first end linked to the main line (102) and a second end bearing an open contact (114), the disconnector (104) being able to assume an intermediate position of closure of the contact (114) of the tapping (112) between its closed position and its open position.
EP20130305746 2012-07-03 2013-06-04 Switchgear apparatus comprising means for keeping the contacts closed Active EP2682970B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1256356A FR2993092B1 (en) 2012-07-03 2012-07-03 CUTTING APPARATUS COMPRISING MEANS FOR MAINTAINING CLOSURE OF CONTACTS

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2682970A1 EP2682970A1 (en) 2014-01-08
EP2682970B1 true EP2682970B1 (en) 2014-10-22

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20130305746 Active EP2682970B1 (en) 2012-07-03 2013-06-04 Switchgear apparatus comprising means for keeping the contacts closed

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EP (1) EP2682970B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2525136T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2993092B1 (en)

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE398478C (en) * 1922-11-07 1924-07-09 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie Switch for large instantaneous currents
FR789153A (en) * 1934-03-31 1935-10-24 Delle Atel Const Electr Contact compensated for opening on short-circuit
US3366900A (en) 1966-06-16 1968-01-30 Gen Electric Electric circuit breaker with electromagnetic means for opposing contactrepulsion forces
US4030055A (en) * 1976-02-27 1977-06-14 General Electric Company Electric circuit breaker with electro-magnetic means for opposing magnetic contact-repulsion forces
GB9614169D0 (en) 1996-07-05 1996-09-04 Whipp & Bourne Ltd Electrical circuit breakers
DK2037475T3 (en) 2007-09-13 2012-05-14 Eaton Ind Netherlands Bv Operating mechanism with adjustment of contact force
FR2937786B1 (en) 2008-10-29 2010-12-24 Areva T & D Sa CURRENT SWITCH ON AN ELECTRIC LINE COMPRISING A VACUUM BULB

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2993092A1 (en) 2014-01-10
EP2682970A1 (en) 2014-01-08
ES2525136T3 (en) 2014-12-17
FR2993092B1 (en) 2015-04-17

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