EP1852366B1 - Locking device for freight container - Google Patents

Locking device for freight container Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1852366B1
EP1852366B1 EP06113404A EP06113404A EP1852366B1 EP 1852366 B1 EP1852366 B1 EP 1852366B1 EP 06113404 A EP06113404 A EP 06113404A EP 06113404 A EP06113404 A EP 06113404A EP 1852366 B1 EP1852366 B1 EP 1852366B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
locking
container
opening
heads
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP06113404A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1852366A1 (en
Inventor
Jochen Wader
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WILLI WADER GmbH
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WILLI WADER GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WILLI WADER GmbH filed Critical WILLI WADER GmbH
Priority to DK06113404.5T priority Critical patent/DK1852366T3/en
Priority to DE502006007031T priority patent/DE502006007031D1/en
Priority to AT06113404T priority patent/ATE469062T1/en
Priority to EP06113404A priority patent/EP1852366B1/en
Priority to CN2007100977401A priority patent/CN101066724B/en
Publication of EP1852366A1 publication Critical patent/EP1852366A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1852366B1 publication Critical patent/EP1852366B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D90/00Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D90/0006Coupling devices between containers, e.g. ISO-containers
    • B65D90/0013Twist lock
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65DCONTAINERS FOR STORAGE OR TRANSPORT OF ARTICLES OR MATERIALS, e.g. BAGS, BARRELS, BOTTLES, BOXES, CANS, CARTONS, CRATES, DRUMS, JARS, TANKS, HOPPERS, FORWARDING CONTAINERS; ACCESSORIES, CLOSURES, OR FITTINGS THEREFOR; PACKAGING ELEMENTS; PACKAGES
    • B65D2590/00Component parts, details or accessories for large containers
    • B65D2590/0008Coupling device between containers
    • B65D2590/0025Twist lock
    • B65D2590/0033Semi or fully automatic twist lock, i.e. semi or fully automatic locking/unlocking

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a locking device for interconnecting cargo containers on these present in the region of container corners, traversing locking openings, with two pointing in opposite directions locking heads, which are shaped and connected via a common shaft and in a housing about a rotation axis such are rotatably guided, that each locking head in a release position in the respective locking opening insertable or removable therefrom and in a relation to the release position twisted locking position for engaging behind the locking hole - with respect to its axial projection - partially outside the opening cross section of the locking hole is arranged laterally protruding the locking heads are rotatable via an actuating device.
  • twistlock Such devices are also known by the name “Twistlock”. They are used, in particular on container ships, to connect the stacked containers to one another in such a way that vertical and horizontal forces are absorbed and the stacks are held together. Between two containers standing on top of each other, four twistlocks are required, in the area of each corner of the container (so-called “corner fittings", in particular according to ISO 1161) a twistlock, several thousand twistlocks are required for a container ship of conventional size. It is therefore a mass product, which is why the costs play an important role. For cost reasons, very simple, exclusively manually operated versions are often used.
  • SATL S emi a utomatic T wist l ock
  • the document DE 93 17 501 U1 describes a locking device of the type described above, generic type, which allows either a manual or semi-automatic operation.
  • an actuating device in the form of a connected to the shaft, radially projecting hand lever is provided for the locking heads.
  • certain locking positions of the locking heads are defined by a locking device.
  • This known device does not allow automatic release for unloading the container, because the locking heads must always be unlocked manually via the hand lever.
  • a fully automatic locking device is in different embodiments in the document DE 203 15 713 U1 described.
  • this device has two rigid, immovable locking projections or in other embodiments a rigid, immovable locking projection and in the upper region a rotary cone.
  • four such devices must be pre-assembled in a precisely defined orientation on each container in order to put the container with automatic locking on a lower container can.
  • Through oblique Ein Anlagens vom in the region of the lower, immovable locking projection of the entire lowered container is moved together with the locking devices during the lowering so horizontally or twisted that the lower locking projection of all locking devices is moved to the locking position.
  • document DE 101 21 988 A1 discloses a locking device according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention has for its object to provide a locking device of the type described above (ie a so-called twist lock), which allows a structurally simple and economical means when loading and unloading containers fully automatic locking and unlocking, and a high security against unwanted Solve and ensure container losses.
  • a locking device of the type described above ie a so-called twist lock
  • the actuating device has at least one actuating element, which is arranged in such a manner in the region of an engagement opening provided in the respective locking opening of the container engagement portion of the housing, and so cooperates via drive means with the locking heads, that a relative displacement of the engagement portion of the housing within the locking hole of a Middle position horizontally in a direction along a Lisseschulsachse via the acting against an inner hole edge of the locking opening actuator causes a rotation of the locking heads until at least one of the locking heads is in its release position.
  • the housing has two facing in opposite directions, each adjacent to one of the locking heads in the axial direction engaging portions for rotationally engaging in each one of the locking openings of two containers to be connected.
  • the housing is formed in the region of the engagement portions such that in use, ie when placed between two vertically stacked containers, the upper container fixed by its weight against a horizontal displacement relative to the lower container and thereby only after a slight lifting to one vertical release stroke is horizontally movable in the direction of the release movement axis.
  • Actuator automatic release by twisting the locking heads is effected.
  • the housing in the region of each engagement portion has a circumferential, bead-like approach to the positive or frictional engagement in a present in the outer mouth region of the respective locking opening, chamfered opening extension for the weight-based displacement protection.
  • opening extensions are usually available at the container corners according to ISO 1161.
  • the locking device is formed with the actuating element so that the release movement axis is aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container.
  • a release can be achieved only by a longitudinal displacement of the container. This is a particular advantage for loading safety on container ships. This will be explained in more detail below.
  • a locking device 1 according to the invention - hereinafter always called “twist lock” for the sake of simplicity - serves for the mutual connection of two containers 2 (cf. Fig. 17 to 21 ).
  • Usual cargo containers have at their container corners fittings 4 (so-called “corner fittings") with locking openings 6.
  • these locking openings 6 have a non-circular, oblong, approximately rectangular opening cross-section with an outer mouth-side, chamfer-like opening extension 8, and they can be engaged behind for connecting the container 2 of locking elements.
  • the twistlock 1 has two locking heads 10 and 12 pointing in opposite directions; in normal use, the first locking head 10 are vertically upward and the second locking head 12 to point vertically downwards.
  • the two locking heads 10, 12 are connected via a common shaft 14 (see Fig. 2 . 5 . 12 and 15 ) rigidly connected to each other and via the shaft 14 in a stable housing 16 about an axis of rotation 18 between a release position (see. Fig. 1 to 3 ) and a bolt position (see. 4 to 6 ) rotatably mounted.
  • Each locking head 10, 12 has such a, preferably approximately rectangular cross-sectional shape that on the one hand in the twisted against the locking position release position in the respective Verriegelungsfö réelle 6 inserted or removable and on the other hand in the relation to the release position twisted locking position for engaging behind an inner opening edge 20 (see eg. Fig. 7 ) of the locking opening 6 - with respect to its axial projection surface - partially with locking portions 22 (see. Fig. 4, 6 and 7 ) is arranged above the opening cross-section of the respective locking opening 6 protruding (see also Fig. 10 and 14 ).
  • the locking heads 10, 12 in a relative to the latch portions 22 so staggered arrangement rigidly connected to the rotatable shaft 14 that in a full locking position ( Fig. 6 . 16 ) Both locking heads 10, 12 in the locked position or in a partial locking position of the first locking head 10 in the locked position and the second locking head 12 are in the release position.
  • a spring force F as arrow in each case in Fig. 2 . 5 . 12, and 15 plotted, acted upon that the bolt position or the full locking position is automatically reached by the spring force F and the rotation takes place in the release position or in the partial locking position against the spring force F.
  • the twistlock 1 can initially be used manually with the first, upper locking head 10 in a lower locking opening 6 of a container 2 to be loaded.
  • the locking head 10 by means of the lower locking head 12 manually rotated relative to the housing 16 against the spring force F in its release position and are introduced into the locking opening 6. After releasing the rotation takes place automatically in the locking position by the spring force F.
  • four twist locks 1 are pre-assembled on the container to be loaded 2.
  • the container 2 is then placed on another lower container 2.
  • At least the lower locking head 12 has such conically shaped inclined surfaces 23, that on the locking head 12 when inserted into the locking opening 6 in cooperation with the opening edge, an automatic insertion and locking takes place.
  • both locking heads 10, 12 are rotated with the shaft 14 for a short time in the partial locking position in which the upper locking head 10 is still locked in the locking hole 6, the lower locking head 12 but is in its release position and thereby in the locking hole 6 is inserted until it is automatically rotated by the spring force F in the locking position or full locking position and the opening edge 20 engages behind a positive fit.
  • the container 2 are thus fully automatically locked.
  • a novel actuator 24 for automatically rotating the locking heads 10, 12 is provided during the unloading process.
  • the actuating device 24 has at least one actuating element 26, which is arranged in the region of an engaging portion 28 of the housing 16 for engaging in the locking opening 6 of the lower container 2 on the side of the lower locking head 12, and thus via the drive means 30 with the locking heads 10 , 12 cooperates such that a relative displacement of the engaging portion 28 within the locking hole 6 from a central position in a direction along a release movement axis X - X via the against an inner hole edge 32 of Locking opening 6 (see 8 and 9 ) acting actuator 26 causes a rotation of the locking heads 10, 12 until the second, lower locking head 12 is in its release position.
  • This is preferably the partial locking position in which the first, upper locking head 10 still remains locked in the lower locking opening 6 of the upper container 2.
  • the upper container 2 can be lifted together with the twistlocks 1.
  • the housing 16 also has on the side of the first, upper locking head 10 axially adjacent thereto an engagement portion 34, wherein both engagement portions 34 and 28 are formed for rotationally fixed engagement in the respective locking opening 6.
  • the first engagement section 34 adjoining the first upper locking head 10 has a cross-sectional contour adapted to the associated locking opening 6 in such a way that it engages in the locking opening 6 substantially non-displaceably and non-rotatably, viewed transversely to the axis of rotation 18.
  • the adjacent to the second, lower locking head 12 second engagement portion 28 according to the invention but has such a cross-sectional contour that on the one hand also non-rotatable, on the other hand - again transverse to the axis of rotation 18 - along the Lisseschulsachse XX movable into the locking hole 6 engages. This means that it is formed shorter than the locking opening 6 in the direction of the release movement axis XX. This is in particular on 8 and 9 directed.
  • the housing 16 is now further formed in the region of the engagement sections 28, 34 in such a way that the upper container 2 is fixed by its weight against horizontal displacement relative to the lower container 2 in the use state for connecting two vertically standing containers 2.
  • the lower engaging portion 28 can not be moved in the locking hole 6. Consequently, a weight-related fixation is achieved against the automatic unlocking according to the invention.
  • the upper container 2 is only after a slight lifting (by means of a crane) to a vertical release stroke Z (see Fig. 9 and 19 ) horizontally in the direction of the release movement axis XX movable.
  • the housing 16 in the region of each engagement portion 28, 34 has a circumferential, bead-like projection 36 for positive or at least frictionally engaged engagement in the chamfer-like opening extension 8 present in the outer, peripheral mouth region of the respective locking opening 6.
  • the second, lower locking head 12 engages in its locked position, the associated locking opening 6 with a release stroke Z creating distance.
  • the release stroke Z is in the FIGS. 7 and 10 each drawn.
  • each actuator 26 is formed as an elongated actuating pin 38 and slidably mounted within the housing 16 tangentially to the shaft 14 in the region of the second engagement portion 28.
  • the longitudinal axis of the Betchan Trentsstife 38 defining the direction of displacement run parallel to the release movement axis XX.
  • Each actuating pin 38 is connected to the shaft 14 via a non-positively and / or positively acting transmission connection 40 and from a, the engaging portion 28 of the housing 16 with one end superior starting position (US Pat. Fig. 5 and 15 ) for rotation of the shaft 14 in the housing 16 inserted until its end is flush with the outer surface of the engaging portion 28 (see Fig. 2 and 12 ).
  • each gear connection 40 is formed as a positive toothed gear.
  • each actuating pin 38 has a spline 42 in the manner of a rack, while the shaft 14 has corresponding gear portions 44.
  • each compression spring element 46 is arranged together with the associated actuating pin 38 in an elongated housing transverse opening, wherein the compression spring element 46 is seated between the actuating pin 38 and a closed end of the housing opening under bias.
  • the housing 16 is formed in the region of the bead-like projection 36 such that two connected containers 2 in the region of their container corners 4 directly on each other. This is in particular on FIGS. 7 and 8 hung reported.
  • the housing 16 in its approximately centrally disposed between the locking heads 10, 12 area a flansch- or plate-like, transverse to the axis of rotation 18 projecting support portion 48 such that two connected containers 2 indirectly via a respective support portion 48 of the four twistlocks 1 on each other.
  • the lugs 36 are arranged on both sides of the support section 48 in each case in the transition region to the adjacent housing engagement section 28 or 34 ( Fig. 10 . 11 and 14 ).
  • the release movement axis X-X of the twistlock 1 according to the invention is preferably oriented such that it is aligned in the use state parallel to a container longitudinal axis 50.
  • twistlock 1 Due to the inventive design of the twistlock 1, it is almost impossible that can occur during use at sea forces that have an unintentional release of the compounds result, because only a displacement of the entire container with all four twist locks 1 unlocking all twist locks 1 causes , The following forces can occur:
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated and described embodiments, but also includes all the same in the context of the invention embodiments.
  • any other suitable, for. B. also frictional transmission connection in the region of the actuators 2b and the shaft 14 may be provided.
  • the spring force F can also be generated in other ways or with other spring elements.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Load-Engaging Elements For Cranes (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Packages (AREA)
  • Fittings On The Vehicle Exterior For Carrying Loads, And Devices For Holding Or Mounting Articles (AREA)

Abstract

The lock (1) has two locking heads (10, 12) pointing in opposite directions and an actuating device (24) with an actuating unit (26). The actuating unit is arranged in an area of a contact section (28) of a housing (16). The actuating unit cooperates with the heads by a drive unit such that a relative adjustment of the section causes rotation of the heads within locking openings from an initial position in a direction along a releasing movement axis, until the head (12) stays in its release position. The section is provided for torque-proof engagement in the openings. An independent claim is also included for a method of loading and unloading freight-containers using locking devices.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Verriegelungsvorrichtung zum gegenseitigen Verbinden von Fracht-Containern über an diesen im Bereich von Containerecken vorhandene, hintergreifbare Verriegelungsöffnungen, mit zwei in entgegengesetzte Richtungen weisenden Verriegelungsköpfen, die derart geformt sowie über eine gemeinsame Welle verbunden und in einem Gehäuse um eine Drehachse derart verdrehbar geführt sind, dass jeder Verriegelungskopf in einer Lösestellung in die jeweilige Verriegelungsöffnung einführbar bzw. aus dieser entnehmbar sowie in einer gegenüber der Lösestellung verdrehten Riegelstellung zum Hintergreifen der Verriegelungsöffnung - bezüglich seiner axialen Projektion - bereichsweise außerhalb des Öffnungsquerschnittes der Verriegelungsöffnung seitlich vorstehend angeordnet ist, wobei die Verriegelungsköpfe über eine Betätigungseinrichtung verdrehbar sind.The present invention relates to a locking device for interconnecting cargo containers on these present in the region of container corners, traversing locking openings, with two pointing in opposite directions locking heads, which are shaped and connected via a common shaft and in a housing about a rotation axis such are rotatably guided, that each locking head in a release position in the respective locking opening insertable or removable therefrom and in a relation to the release position twisted locking position for engaging behind the locking hole - with respect to its axial projection - partially outside the opening cross section of the locking hole is arranged laterally protruding the locking heads are rotatable via an actuating device.

Derartige Vorrichtungen sind auch unter der Bezeichnung "Twistlock" bekannt. Sie dienen dazu, vor allem auf Containerschiffen die als Stapel aufeinander stehenden Container so miteinander zu verbinden, dass vertikale und horizontale Kräfte aufgenommen und die Stapel so zusammengehalten werden. Zwischen jeweils zwei aufeinander stehenden Containern sind vier Twistlocks erforderlich, im Bereich jeder Containerecke (sogenannte "Corner Fittings", insbesondere gemäß ISO 1161) ein Twistlock, werden für ein Containerschiff üblicher Größe mehrere Tausend Twistlocks benötigt. Es handelt sich somit um ein Massenprodukt, weshalb die Kosten eine wichtige Rolle spielen. So werden aus Kostengründen häufig sehr einfache, ausschließlich manuell zu betätigende Ausführungen eingesetzt.Such devices are also known by the name "Twistlock". They are used, in particular on container ships, to connect the stacked containers to one another in such a way that vertical and horizontal forces are absorbed and the stacks are held together. Between two containers standing on top of each other, four twistlocks are required, in the area of each corner of the container (so-called "corner fittings", in particular according to ISO 1161) a twistlock, several thousand twistlocks are required for a container ship of conventional size. It is therefore a mass product, which is why the costs play an important role. For cost reasons, very simple, exclusively manually operated versions are often used.

In Abhängigkeit von den jeweils zu beachtenden Hafen-Bestimmung gibt es jedoch auch Fälle, in denen halbautomatische Twistlocks (sogenannte SATL=SemiautomaticTwistlock) verlangt werden, die jeweils manuell an einem Container vormontiert werden und dann beim Aufsetzen eines oberen Containers auf einen unteren Container ein automatisches Verriegeln gestatten. Zum Lösen ist dann jedoch eine manuelle Betätigung erforderlich.Depending on the to be observed each port determination, however, there are also cases in which semi-automatic twistlocks (so-called SATL = S emi a utomatic T wist l ock) are required, which are respectively manually assembled on a container and then when placing an upper Container on a lower container to allow automatic locking. However, a manual operation is then required to release.

Das Dokument DE 93 17 501 U1 beschreibt eine Verriegelungsvorrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen, gattungsgemäßen Art, die wahlweise eine manuelle oder eine halbautomatische Betätigung ermöglicht. Dazu ist für die Verriegelungsköpfe eine Betätigungseinrichtung in Form eines mit der Welle verbundenen, radial vorstehenden Handhebels vorgesehen. Dabei werden über eine Rasteinrichtung bestimmte Verriegelungsstellungen der Verriegelungsköpfe definiert. Diese bekannte Vorrichtung ermöglicht kein automatisches Lösen zum Entladen der Container, weil die Verriegelungsköpfe stets manuell über den Handhebel entriegelt werden müssen.The document DE 93 17 501 U1 describes a locking device of the type described above, generic type, which allows either a manual or semi-automatic operation. For this purpose, an actuating device in the form of a connected to the shaft, radially projecting hand lever is provided for the locking heads. In this case, certain locking positions of the locking heads are defined by a locking device. This known device does not allow automatic release for unloading the container, because the locking heads must always be unlocked manually via the hand lever.

Eine vollautomatische Verriegelungsvorrichtung ist in unterschiedlichen Ausführungsformen in dem Dokument DE 203 15 713 U1 beschrieben. Diese Vorrichtung weist in einigen Ausführungen zwei starre, unbewegliche Verriegelungsvorsprünge oder in anderen Ausführungen einen starren, unbeweglichen Verriegelungsvorsprung und im oberen Bereich einen Drehkonus auf. Dadurch müssen an jedem Container vier solcher Vorrichtungen in einer genau definierten Ausrichtung vormontiert werden, um den Container mit automatischer Verriegelung auf einen unteren Container aufsetzen zu können. Über schräge Einweisungsflächen im Bereich des unteren, unbeweglichen Verriegelungsvorsprungs wird der gesamte abgesenkte Container zusammen mit den Verriegelungsvorrichtungen während der Absenkbewegung so horizontal bewegt oder verdreht, dass der untere Verriegelungsvorsprung aller Verriegelungsvorrichtungen in die Verriegelungsstellung bewegt wird. Dies ist allerdings nur dann sichergestellt, wenn das Ladepersonal genau angewiesen ist, alle Verriegelungsvorrichtungen gleich auszurichten, und wenn das Personal dies auch wirklich beachtet; anderenfalls kann beim Laden keine automatische Verriegelung sichergestellt werden. Beim Entladen der Container sorgt zum Lösen jeder Verriegelungsvorrichtung eine weitere Einweisungsfläche für eine horizontale Verschiebung des Containers, so dass der untere Vorsprung von der Containerecke freikommt. Diese bekannten Vorrichtungen haben sich im Einsatz auf See als nicht sicher erwiesen. So kann es unter bestimmten Bedingungen, insbesondere bei schwerem Seegang und daraus resultierenden Bewegungen des Containerschiffes, zu einem Lösen der Verriegelungen und dadurch sogar zu einem Verlust von Containern kommen.A fully automatic locking device is in different embodiments in the document DE 203 15 713 U1 described. In some embodiments, this device has two rigid, immovable locking projections or in other embodiments a rigid, immovable locking projection and in the upper region a rotary cone. As a result, four such devices must be pre-assembled in a precisely defined orientation on each container in order to put the container with automatic locking on a lower container can. Through oblique Einweisungsflächen in the region of the lower, immovable locking projection of the entire lowered container is moved together with the locking devices during the lowering so horizontally or twisted that the lower locking projection of all locking devices is moved to the locking position. However, this is only guaranteed if the loading staff is instructed to align all interlocking devices in the same way, and if the staff really takes care of that; otherwise, no automatic locking can be ensured when loading. When unloading the container to release each locking device provides another Einweisungsfläche for a horizontal displacement of the container, so that the lower projection of the container corner is released. These known devices have proven unsafe in use at sea. Thus, under certain conditions, especially in heavy seas and resulting movements of the container ship, it may lead to a release of the locks and thereby even to a loss of containers.

Ähnliches gilt auch für Vorrichtungen, die beispielsweise in der DE 102 38 895 B4 , der WO 99/15438 oder der EP 0 477 887 A1 beschrieben sind.The same applies to devices that, for example, in the DE 102 38 895 B4 , of the WO 99/15438 or the EP 0 477 887 A1 are described.

Dokument DE 101 21 988 A1 offenbart eine Verriegelungsvorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.document DE 101 21 988 A1 discloses a locking device according to the preamble of claim 1.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Verriegelungsvorrichtung der eingangs beschriebenen Art (d. h. einen sogenannten Twistlock) zu schaffen, die mit konstruktiv einfachen und wirtschaftlichen Mitteln beim Laden und Entladen von Containern ein vollautomatisches Verriegeln und Entriegeln ermöglicht, und die eine hohe Sicherheit gegen ungewolltes Lösen und Container-Verluste gewährleistet.The present invention has for its object to provide a locking device of the type described above (ie a so-called twist lock), which allows a structurally simple and economical means when loading and unloading containers fully automatic locking and unlocking, and a high security against unwanted Solve and ensure container losses.

Erfindungsgemäß wird dies durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 erreicht. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungsmerkmale der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen enthalten.This is achieved by the features of claim 1 according to the invention. Advantageous design features of the invention are contained in the dependent claims.

Durch die Erfindung wird ein vollautomatischer Twistlock (FATL=Full Automatic Twistlock) mit hoher Sicherheit und dennoch geringen Herstellungskosten geschaffen. Die Betätigungseinrichtung weist mindestens ein Betätigungselement auf, das derart im Bereich eines zum Eingreifen in die jeweilige Verriegelungsöffnung des Containers vorgesehen Eingriffsabschnittes des Gehäuses angeordnet ist, sowie derart über Antriebsmittel mit den Verriegelungsköpfen zusammenwirkt, dass eine relative Verschiebung des Eingriffsabschnittes des Gehäuses innerhalb der Verriegelungsöffnung aus einer Mittelstellung horizontal in einer Richtung längs einer Lösebewegungsachse über das gegen einen inneren Lochrand der Verriegelungsöffnung wirkende Betätigungselement eine Verdrehung der Verriegelungsköpfe bewirkt, bis zumindest einer der Verriegelungsköpfe in seiner Lösestellung steht. In zweckmäßiger Ausgestaltung weist das Gehäuse zwei in entgegengesetzte Richtungen weisende, jeweils an einen der Verriegelungsköpfe in axialer Richtung angrenzende Eingriffsabschnitte zum verdrehfesten Eingreifen in je eine der Verriegelungsöffnungen zweier zu verbindender Container auf. Dabei ist das Gehäuse im Bereich der Eingriffsabschnitte derart ausgebildet, dass im Gebrauchszustand, d. h. bei Anordnung zwischen zwei vertikal aufeinander stehenden Containern, der obere Container durch sein Gewicht gegen ein horizontales Verschieben relativ zu dem unteren Container fixiert und dadurch erst nach einem geringfügigen Anheben um einen vertikalen Lösehub horizontal in Richtung der Lösebewegungsachse bewegbar ist. Dadurch muss für die horizontale Lösebewegung der Container erst geringfügig mittels eines Krans angehoben werden. Erst dann kann er horizontal so weit verschoben werden, dass über das erfindungsgemäße Betätigungselement das automatische Lösen durch Verdrehen der Verriegelungsköpfe bewirkt wird. In bevorzugter Ausgestaltung weist für die gewichtsbedingte Verschiebesicherung das Gehäuse im Bereich jedes Eingriffsabschnittes einen umlaufenden, wulstartigen Ansatz zum form- oder kraftformschlüssigen Eingriff in eine im äußeren Mündungsbereich der jeweiligen Verriegelungsöffnung vorhandene, fasenartige Öffnungserweiterung auf. Solche Öffnungserweiterungen sind üblicherweise bei den Containerecken gemäß ISO 1161 vorhanden.The invention provides a fully automatic twistlock (FATL = F ull A utomatic T wist l ock) with high reliability and yet a low manufacturing cost is provided. The actuating device has at least one actuating element, which is arranged in such a manner in the region of an engagement opening provided in the respective locking opening of the container engagement portion of the housing, and so cooperates via drive means with the locking heads, that a relative displacement of the engagement portion of the housing within the locking hole of a Middle position horizontally in a direction along a Lösebewegungsachse via the acting against an inner hole edge of the locking opening actuator causes a rotation of the locking heads until at least one of the locking heads is in its release position. In an advantageous embodiment, the housing has two facing in opposite directions, each adjacent to one of the locking heads in the axial direction engaging portions for rotationally engaging in each one of the locking openings of two containers to be connected. In this case, the housing is formed in the region of the engagement portions such that in use, ie when placed between two vertically stacked containers, the upper container fixed by its weight against a horizontal displacement relative to the lower container and thereby only after a slight lifting to one vertical release stroke is horizontally movable in the direction of the release movement axis. As a result, for the horizontal release movement of the container must first be slightly raised by means of a crane. Only then can it be moved horizontally so far that over the invention Actuator automatic release by twisting the locking heads is effected. In a preferred embodiment, the housing in the region of each engagement portion has a circumferential, bead-like approach to the positive or frictional engagement in a present in the outer mouth region of the respective locking opening, chamfered opening extension for the weight-based displacement protection. Such opening extensions are usually available at the container corners according to ISO 1161.

Weiterhin ist die Verriegelungsvorrichtung mit dem Betätigungselement so ausgebildet, dass die Lösebewegungsachse parallel zur Längsachse des Containers ausgerichtet ist. Dadurch kann ausschließlich durch eine Längsverschiebung des Containers ein Lösen erreicht werden. Dies ist ein besonderer Vorteil für die Ladesicherheit auf Containerschiffen. Dies wird im Folgenden noch genauer erläutert werden.Furthermore, the locking device is formed with the actuating element so that the release movement axis is aligned parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container. As a result, a release can be achieved only by a longitudinal displacement of the container. This is a particular advantage for loading safety on container ships. This will be explained in more detail below.

Anhand von in der Zeichnung veranschaulichten, bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen soll die Erfindung genauer erläutert werden. Dabei zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine Seitenansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Verriegelungsvorrichtung in einer ersten Ausführungsform und in einer Entriegelstellung,
Fig. 2
einen Querschnitt in der Ebene A-A gemäß Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
eine Draufsicht in Pfeilrichtung III gemäß Fig. 1,
Fig. 4
eine Seitenansicht der Verriegelungsvorrichtung in Pfeilrichtung IV gemäß Fig. 1 in einer Verriegelungsstellung,
Fig. 5
eine Ansicht wie in Fig. 2, jedoch in der Verriegelungsstellung (Schnitt A-A gemäß Fig. 4 um 90° gedreht),
Fig. 6
eine Ansicht wie in Fig. 3 in der Verriegelungsstellung (Draufsicht VI gemäß Fig. 4 um 90° gedreht),
Fig. 7
eine Ansicht wie in Fig. 4 im Anwendungsfall, wobei zusätzlich Containerecken von zwei verbundenen Containern mit ihren Verriegelungsöffnungen angedeutet sind,
Fig. 8
eine Ansicht analog zu Fig. 1 im Anwendungsfall analog zu Fig. 7,
Fig. 9
eine Darstellung analog zu Fig. 8 während des Lösens der Verriegelung,
Fig. 10
eine Ansicht wie in Fig. 7 mit einer zweiten Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Verriegelungsvorrichtung,
Fig. 11
die Verriegelungsvorrichtung in der Ausführung gemäß Fig. 10 in einer Darstellung analog zu Fig. 1,
Fig. 12
einen Querschnitt A-A gemäß Fig. 11 (analog zu Fig. 2),
Fig. 13
eine Draufsicht XIII gemäß Fig. 11,
Fig. 14 bis 16
Ansichten der Ausführung gemäß Fig. 11 bis 13 in Darstellungen analog zu Fig. 4 bis 6,
Fig. 17a) bis d)
schematische Seitenansichten von zwei vertikal verbundenen Containern in unterschiedlichen Situationen,
Fig. 18a) und b)
je eine vergrößerte Ansicht von Containerecken im Zustand nach Fig. 17a),
Fig. 19a) und b)
je eine vergrößerte Ansicht von Containerecken im Zustand beim Entladen gemäß Fig. 17d),
Fig. 20b) und b)
je eine Frontansicht zweier Container in unterschiedlichen Situationen,
Fig. 21a) und b)
je eine vergrößerte Ansicht von Containerecken im Zustand gemäß Fig. 20b).
Reference to illustrated in the drawing, preferred embodiments of the invention will be explained in more detail. Showing:
Fig. 1
a side view of a locking device according to the invention in a first embodiment and in an unlocking position,
Fig. 2
a cross section in the plane AA according to Fig. 1 .
Fig. 3
a plan view in the direction of arrow III according to Fig. 1 .
Fig. 4
a side view of the locking device in the direction of arrow IV according to Fig. 1 in a locking position,
Fig. 5
a view like in Fig. 2 , but in the locking position (section AA according to Fig. 4 turned by 90 degrees),
Fig. 6
a view like in Fig. 3 in the locking position (top view VI according to FIG Fig. 4 turned by 90 degrees),
Fig. 7
a view like in Fig. 4 in the case of application, wherein in addition container corners of two connected containers are indicated with their locking openings,
Fig. 8
a view analogous to Fig. 1 in the case of use, analogous to Fig. 7 .
Fig. 9
a representation analogous to Fig. 8 while unlocking the latch,
Fig. 10
a view like in Fig. 7 with a second embodiment of the locking device according to the invention,
Fig. 11
the locking device in the embodiment according to Fig. 10 in a representation analogous to Fig. 1 .
Fig. 12
a cross section AA according to Fig. 11 (analogous to Fig. 2 )
Fig. 13
a plan view XIII according to Fig. 11 .
Fig. 14 to 16
Views of the execution according to Fig. 11 to 13 in representations analogous to 4 to 6 .
Fig. 17a) to d)
schematic side views of two vertically connected containers in different situations,
Fig. 18a) and b)
depending on an enlarged view of container corners in the state after Fig. 17a )
Fig. 19a) and b)
depending on an enlarged view of container corners in the state when unloading according to Fig. 17d )
Fig. 20b) and b)
one front view of two containers in different situations,
Fig. 21a) and b)
depending on an enlarged view of container corners in the state according to Fig. 20b ).

In den verschiedenen Figuren der Zeichnung sind gleiche Teile stets mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen.In the various figures of the drawing, like parts are always provided with the same reference numerals.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Verriegelungsvorrichtung 1 - im Folgenden der Einfachheit halber stets "Twistlock" genannt - dient zum gegenseitigen Verbinden von je zwei Containern 2 (vgl. hierzu Fig. 17 bis 21). Übliche Fracht-Container weisen an ihren Containerecken Beschläge 4 (sogenannte "Corner Fittings") mit Verriegelungsöffnungen 6 auf. Gemäß ISO 1161 besitzen diese Verriegelungsöffnungen 6 einen nichtkreisförmigen, länglichen, etwa rechteckigen Öffnungsquerschnitt mit einer äußeren mündungsseitigen, fasenartigen Öffnungserweiterung 8, und sie können zum Verbinden der Container 2 von Riegelelementen hintergriffen werden.A locking device 1 according to the invention - hereinafter always called "twist lock" for the sake of simplicity - serves for the mutual connection of two containers 2 (cf. Fig. 17 to 21 ). Usual cargo containers have at their container corners fittings 4 (so-called "corner fittings") with locking openings 6. According to ISO 1161, these locking openings 6 have a non-circular, oblong, approximately rectangular opening cross-section with an outer mouth-side, chamfer-like opening extension 8, and they can be engaged behind for connecting the container 2 of locking elements.

Dazu weist der erfindungsgemäße Twistlock 1 zwei in entgegengesetze Richtungen weisende Verriegelungsköpfe 10 und 12 auf; im bestimmungsgemäßen Gebrauch sind der erste Verriegelungskopf 10 vertikal nach oben und der zweite Verriegelungskopf 12 vertikal nach unten weisend auszurichten. Die beiden Verriegelungsköpfe 10, 12 sind über eine gemeinsame Welle 14 (siehe Fig. 2, 5, 12 und 15) starr miteinander verbunden und über die Welle 14 in einem stabilen Gehäuse 16 um eine Drehachse 18 zwischen einer Lösestellung (vgl. Fig. 1 bis 3) und einer Riegelstellung (vgl. Fig. 4 bis 6) verdrehbar gelagert. Jeder Verriegelungskopf 10, 12 weist eine derartige, vorzugsweise etwa rechteckige Querschnittsform auf, dass er einerseits in der gegenüber der Riegelstellung verdrehten Lösestellung in die jeweilige Verriegelungsföffnung 6 einführbar bzw. aus dieser entnehmbar und andererseits in der gegenüber der Lösestellung verdrehten Riegelstellung zum Hintergreifen eines inneren Öffnungsrandes 20 (vgl. z. B. Fig. 7) der Verriegelungsöffnung 6 - bezüglich seiner axialen Projektionsfläche - bereichsweise mit Riegelabschnitten 22 (vgl. Fig. 4, 6 und 7) außerhalb des Öffnungsquerschnittes der jeweiligen Verriegelungsöffnung 6 vorstehend angeordnet ist (siehe auch Fig. 10 und 14).For this purpose, the twistlock 1 according to the invention has two locking heads 10 and 12 pointing in opposite directions; in normal use, the first locking head 10 are vertically upward and the second locking head 12 to point vertically downwards. The two locking heads 10, 12 are connected via a common shaft 14 (see Fig. 2 . 5 . 12 and 15 ) rigidly connected to each other and via the shaft 14 in a stable housing 16 about an axis of rotation 18 between a release position (see. Fig. 1 to 3 ) and a bolt position (see. 4 to 6 ) rotatably mounted. Each locking head 10, 12 has such a, preferably approximately rectangular cross-sectional shape that on the one hand in the twisted against the locking position release position in the respective Verriegelungsföffnung 6 inserted or removable and on the other hand in the relation to the release position twisted locking position for engaging behind an inner opening edge 20 (see eg. Fig. 7 ) of the locking opening 6 - with respect to its axial projection surface - partially with locking portions 22 (see. Fig. 4, 6 and 7 ) is arranged above the opening cross-section of the respective locking opening 6 protruding (see also Fig. 10 and 14 ).

Wie sich beispielsweise aus Fig. 3 und 6 sowie Fig. 13 und 16 ergibt, sind die Verriegelungsköpfe 10, 12 in einer bezüglich der Riegelabschnitte 22 derart gegeneinander versetzten Anordnung starr mit der drehbaren Welle 14 verbunden, dass in einer Vollverriegelungsstellung (Fig. 6, 16) beide Verriegelungsköpfe 10, 12 in Riegelstellung oder in einer Teilverriegelungsstellung der erste Verriegelungskopf 10 in Riegelstellung und der zweite Verriegelungskopf 12 in Lösestellung stehen. Dabei sind die Verriegelungsköpfe 10, 12 derart in einer Drehrichtung mit einer Federkraft F (als Pfeil jeweils in Fig. 2, 5, 12, und 15 eingezeichnet, beaufschlagt, dass die Riegelstellung bzw. die Vollverriegelungsstellung selbsttätig durch die Federkraft F erreichbar ist und die Verdrehung in die Lösestellung bzw. in die Teilverriegelungsstellung gegen die Federkraft F erfolgt. Durch diese Ausgestaltung kann der Twistlock 1 zunächst manuell mit dem ersten, oberen Verriegelungskopf 10 in eine untere Verriegelungsöffnung 6 eines zu ladenden Containers 2 eingesetzt werden. Dazu kann der Verriegelungskopf 10 mittels des unteren Verriegelungskopfes 12 manuell relativ zu dem Gehäuse 16 gegen die Federkraft F in seine Lösestellung verdreht und so in die Verriegelungsöffnung 6 eingeführt werden. Nach Loslassen erfolgt die Verdrehung in die Riegelstellung selbsttätig durch die Federkraft F. Auf diese Weise werden vier Twistlocks 1 an dem zu ladenden Container 2 vormontiert. Der Container 2 wird dann auf einen anderen, unteren Container 2 aufgesetzt. Zumindest der untere Verriegelungskopf 12 weist derart konusartig geformte Schrägflächen 23 auf, dass über den Verriegelungskopf 12 beim Einführen in die Verriegelungsöffnung 6 im Zusammenwirken mit dem Öffnungsrand ein automatisches Einführen und Verriegeln erfolgt. Dies bedeutet, dass beim Einführen über den unteren Verriegelungskopf 12 beide Verriegelungsköpfe 10, 12 mit der Welle 14 kurzzeitig in die Teilverriegelungsstellung gedreht werden, in der der obere Verriegelungskopf 10 noch in der Verriegelungsöffnung 6 verriegelt bleibt, der untere Verriegelungskopf 12 aber in seiner Lösestellung steht und dadurch in die Verriegelungsöffnung 6 einführbar ist, bis er durch die Federkraft F automatisch in die Riegelstellung bzw. Vollverriegelungsstellung gedreht wird und den Öffnungsrand 20 formschlüssig hintergreift. Die Container 2 werden somit vollautomatisch verriegelt.As can be seen for example Fig. 3 and 6 such as FIGS. 13 and 16 results, the locking heads 10, 12 in a relative to the latch portions 22 so staggered arrangement rigidly connected to the rotatable shaft 14 that in a full locking position ( Fig. 6 . 16 ) Both locking heads 10, 12 in the locked position or in a partial locking position of the first locking head 10 in the locked position and the second locking head 12 are in the release position. There are the locking heads 10, 12 in such a direction of rotation with a spring force F (as arrow in each case in Fig. 2 . 5 . 12, and 15 plotted, acted upon that the bolt position or the full locking position is automatically reached by the spring force F and the rotation takes place in the release position or in the partial locking position against the spring force F. As a result of this embodiment, the twistlock 1 can initially be used manually with the first, upper locking head 10 in a lower locking opening 6 of a container 2 to be loaded. For this purpose, the locking head 10 by means of the lower locking head 12 manually rotated relative to the housing 16 against the spring force F in its release position and are introduced into the locking opening 6. After releasing the rotation takes place automatically in the locking position by the spring force F. In this way, four twist locks 1 are pre-assembled on the container to be loaded 2. The container 2 is then placed on another lower container 2. At least the lower locking head 12 has such conically shaped inclined surfaces 23, that on the locking head 12 when inserted into the locking opening 6 in cooperation with the opening edge, an automatic insertion and locking takes place. This means that when inserting the lower locking head 12 both locking heads 10, 12 are rotated with the shaft 14 for a short time in the partial locking position in which the upper locking head 10 is still locked in the locking hole 6, the lower locking head 12 but is in its release position and thereby in the locking hole 6 is inserted until it is automatically rotated by the spring force F in the locking position or full locking position and the opening edge 20 engages behind a positive fit. The container 2 are thus fully automatically locked.

Um nun auch ein vollautomatisches Entriegeln zum Entladen der Container 2 zu ermöglichen, ist erfindungsgemäß eine neuartige Betätigungseinrichtung 24 zum automatischen Verdrehen der Verriegelungsköpfe 10, 12 beim Entladevorgang vorgesehen. Dazu weist die Betätigungseinrichtung 24 mindestens ein Betätigungselement 26 auf, welches derart im Bereich eines zum Eingreifen in die Verriegelungsöffnung 6 des unteren Containers 2 auf der Seite des unteren Verriegelungskopfes 12 vorgesehenen Eingriffsabschnittes 28 des Gehäuses 16 angeordnet ist sowie derart über Antriebsmittel 30 mit den Verriegelungsköpfen 10 ,12 zusammenwirkt, dass eine relative Verschiebung des Eingriffsabschnittes 28 innerhalb der Verriegelungsöffnung 6 aus einer Mittelstellung in einer Richtung längs einer Lösebewegungsachse X - X über das gegen einen inneren Lochrand 32 der Verriegelungsöffnung 6 (siehe hierzu Fig. 8 und 9) wirkende Betätigungselement 26 eine Verdrehung der Verriegelungsköpfe 10, 12 bewirkt, bis der zweite, untere Verriegelungskopf 12 in seiner Lösestellung steht. Bevorzugt handelt es sich hier um die Teilverriegelungsstellung, in der der erste, obere Verriegelungskopf 10 noch in der unteren Verriegelungsöffnung 6 des oberen Containers 2 verriegelt bleibt. Dadurch kann der obere Container 2 zusammen mit den Twistlocks 1 abgehoben werden.In order to enable a fully automatic unlocking for unloading the container 2, according to the invention a novel actuator 24 for automatically rotating the locking heads 10, 12 is provided during the unloading process. For this purpose, the actuating device 24 has at least one actuating element 26, which is arranged in the region of an engaging portion 28 of the housing 16 for engaging in the locking opening 6 of the lower container 2 on the side of the lower locking head 12, and thus via the drive means 30 with the locking heads 10 , 12 cooperates such that a relative displacement of the engaging portion 28 within the locking hole 6 from a central position in a direction along a release movement axis X - X via the against an inner hole edge 32 of Locking opening 6 (see 8 and 9 ) acting actuator 26 causes a rotation of the locking heads 10, 12 until the second, lower locking head 12 is in its release position. This is preferably the partial locking position in which the first, upper locking head 10 still remains locked in the lower locking opening 6 of the upper container 2. As a result, the upper container 2 can be lifted together with the twistlocks 1.

Das Gehäuse 16 weist auch auf der Seite des ersten, oberen Verriegelungskopfes 10 axial an diesen angrenzend einen Eingriffsabschnitt 34 auf, wobei beide Eingriffsabschnitte 34 und 28 zum verdrehfesten Eingreifen in die jeweilige Verriegelungsöffnung 6 ausgebildet sind. Der an den ersten, oberen Verriegelungskopf 10 angrenzende erste Eingriffsabschnitt 34 weist eine derart an die zugehörige Verriegelungsöffnung 6 angepasste Querschnittskontur auf, dass er - quer zur Drehachse 18 gesehen - im Wesentlichen unverschiebbar und unverdrehbar in die Verriegelungsöffnung 6 eingreift. Der an den zweiten, unteren Verriegelungskopf 12 angrenzende zweite Eingriffsabschnitt 28 weist erfindungsgemäß aber eine derartige Querschnittskontur auf, dass er einerseits ebenfalls unverdrehbar, andererseits aber - wiederum quer zur Drehachse 18 gesehen - längs der Lösebewegungsachse X-X bewegbar in die Verriegelungsöffnung 6 eingreift. Dies bedeutet, dass er in Richtung der Lösebewegungsachse X-X kürzer als die Verriegelungsöffnung 6 ausgebildet ist. Hierzu wird insbesondere auf Fig. 8 und 9 verwiesen.The housing 16 also has on the side of the first, upper locking head 10 axially adjacent thereto an engagement portion 34, wherein both engagement portions 34 and 28 are formed for rotationally fixed engagement in the respective locking opening 6. The first engagement section 34 adjoining the first upper locking head 10 has a cross-sectional contour adapted to the associated locking opening 6 in such a way that it engages in the locking opening 6 substantially non-displaceably and non-rotatably, viewed transversely to the axis of rotation 18. The adjacent to the second, lower locking head 12 second engagement portion 28 according to the invention but has such a cross-sectional contour that on the one hand also non-rotatable, on the other hand - again transverse to the axis of rotation 18 - along the Lösebewegungsachse XX movable into the locking hole 6 engages. This means that it is formed shorter than the locking opening 6 in the direction of the release movement axis XX. This is in particular on 8 and 9 directed.

Erfindungsgemäß ist nun weiterhin das Gehäuse 16 im Bereich der Eingriffsabschnitte 28, 34 derart ausgebildet, dass im Gebrauchszustand zum Verbinden zweier vertikal aufeinander stehender Container 2 der obere Container 2 durch sein Gewicht gegen horizontales Verschieben relativ zu dem unteren Container 2 fixiert ist. Hierdurch kann auch der untere Eingriffsabschnitt 28 nicht in der Verriegelungsöffnung 6 verschoben werden. Folglich wird eine gewichtsbedingte Fixierung gegen das erfindungsgemäße automatische Entriegeln erreicht. Der obere Container 2 ist erst nach einem geringfügigen Anheben (mittels eines Krans) um einen vertikalen Lösehub Z (siehe Fig. 9 und 19) horizontal in Richtung der Lösebewegungsachse X-X bewegbar. Bevorzugt ist für die gewichtsbedingte Fixierung vorgesehen, dass das Gehäuse 16 im Bereich jedes Eingriffsabschnittes 28, 34 einen umlaufenden, wulstartigen Ansatz 36 zum formschlüssigen oder zumindest kraftformschlüssigen Eingriff in die im äußeren, randlichen Mündungsbereich der jeweiligen Verriegelungsöffnung 6 vorhandene, fasenartige Öffnungserweiterung 8 aufweist. Wie sich aus Fig. 7 und 8 ergibt, sitzt der wulstartige Ansatz 36 über den gesamten Umfang so in den Öffnungserweiterungen 8, dass ein horizontales Verschieben in diesem Zustand ausgeschlossen ist.According to the invention, the housing 16 is now further formed in the region of the engagement sections 28, 34 in such a way that the upper container 2 is fixed by its weight against horizontal displacement relative to the lower container 2 in the use state for connecting two vertically standing containers 2. As a result, the lower engaging portion 28 can not be moved in the locking hole 6. Consequently, a weight-related fixation is achieved against the automatic unlocking according to the invention. The upper container 2 is only after a slight lifting (by means of a crane) to a vertical release stroke Z (see Fig. 9 and 19 ) horizontally in the direction of the release movement axis XX movable. Preferably, it is provided for the weight-related fixing that the housing 16 in the region of each engagement portion 28, 34 has a circumferential, bead-like projection 36 for positive or at least frictionally engaged engagement in the chamfer-like opening extension 8 present in the outer, peripheral mouth region of the respective locking opening 6. As it turned out FIGS. 7 and 8 results, the sits bead-like projection 36 over the entire circumference so in the opening extensions 8 that a horizontal displacement is excluded in this state.

Wie sich insbesondere aus Fig. 7 und 10 ergibt, hintergreift der zweite, untere Verriegelungskopf 12 in seiner Riegelstellung die zugehörige Verriegelungsöffnung 6 mit einem den Lösehub Z schaffenden Abstand. Um dies zu verdeutlichen, ist der Lösehub Z in den Fig. 7 und 10 jeweils eingezeichnet.As can be seen in particular FIGS. 7 and 10 results, the second, lower locking head 12 engages in its locked position, the associated locking opening 6 with a release stroke Z creating distance. To illustrate this, the release stroke Z is in the FIGS. 7 and 10 each drawn.

In weiterer bevorzugter Ausgestaltung der Erfindung - siehe hierzu insbesondere Fig. 2, 5, 12 und 15 - sind zwei gleichartige, in entgegengesetzten Richtungen entsprechend der Achse X-X wirkende Betätigungselemente 26 vorhanden. Hierdurch ist vorteilhafterweise die Ausrichtung des Twistlocks 1 beim Einsetzen beliebig, und zum Entladen kann der Container 2 wahlweise in beiden Richtungen längs der Achse X-X verschoben werden (vgl. Fig. 17c und d). Jedes Betätigungselement 26 ist als länglicher Betätigungsstift 38 ausgebildet und im Bereich des zweiten Eingriffsabschnittes 28 innerhalb des Gehäuses 16 tangential zur Welle 14 verschiebbar gelagert. Die die Verschieberichtung definierenden Längsachsen der Betätigungsstife 38 verlaufen parallel zur Lösebewegungsachse X-X. Die beiden Betätigungsstifte 38 liegen diametral gegenüberliegend beidseitig der Welle 14. Jeder Betätigungsstift 38 ist mit der Welle 14 über eine kraft- und/oder formschlüssig wirkende Getriebeverbindung 40 verbunden und aus einer, den Eingriffsabschnitt 28 des Gehäuses 16 mit einem Ende überragenden Ausgangsstellung (Fig. 5 und 15) zur Drehung der Welle 14 in das Gehäuse 16 einschiebbar, bis sein Ende bündig mit der äußeren Oberfläche des Eingriffsabschnittes 28 abschließt (siehe Fig. 2 und 12). In den bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispielen ist jede Getriebeverbindung 40 als formschlüssiges Zahngetriebe ausgebildet. Dazu weist jeder Betätigungsstift 38 eine Längsverzahnung 42 nach Art einer Zahnstange auf, während die Welle 14 korrespondierende Zahnradabschnitte 44 aufweist.In a further preferred embodiment of the invention - see in particular Fig. 2 . 5 . 12 and 15 - There are two similar, acting in opposite directions along the axis XX actuators 26 available. As a result, advantageously, the alignment of the twistlock 1 during insertion is arbitrary, and for unloading the container 2 can be selectively moved in both directions along the axis XX (see. Fig. 17c and d ). Each actuator 26 is formed as an elongated actuating pin 38 and slidably mounted within the housing 16 tangentially to the shaft 14 in the region of the second engagement portion 28. The longitudinal axis of the Betätigungsstife 38 defining the direction of displacement run parallel to the release movement axis XX. Each actuating pin 38 is connected to the shaft 14 via a non-positively and / or positively acting transmission connection 40 and from a, the engaging portion 28 of the housing 16 with one end superior starting position (US Pat. Fig. 5 and 15 ) for rotation of the shaft 14 in the housing 16 inserted until its end is flush with the outer surface of the engaging portion 28 (see Fig. 2 and 12 ). In the preferred embodiments, each gear connection 40 is formed as a positive toothed gear. For this purpose, each actuating pin 38 has a spline 42 in the manner of a rack, while the shaft 14 has corresponding gear portions 44.

Durch die beschriebene, bevorzugte Ausgestaltung der Betätigungseinrichtung 24 ergibt sich die vorteilhafte Möglichkeit, zur Erzeugung der in Drehrichtung der Welle 14 wirkenden Federkraft F mindestens einen der Betätigungsstifte 38, vorzugsweise aber beide Betätigungsstifte 38 mit der Kraft je eines Druckfederelementes 46 zu beaufschlagen. Dabei ist es weiterhin vorteilhaft, Schraubendruckfedern zu verwenden. Dies ist im Vergleich zu bekannten Ausführungen mit die Welle umschließenden Torsionsfedern ein wesentlicher Vorteil, der sich vor allem auf die Haltbarkeit positiv auswirkt. Wie sich aus Fig. 2, 5, 12 und 15 ergibt, ist jedes Druckfederelement 46 zusammen mit dem zugehörigen Betätigungsstift 38 in einer länglichen Gehäusequeröffnung angeordnet, wobei das Druckfederelement 46 zwischen dem Betätigungsstift 38 und einem geschlossenen Ende der Gehäuseöffnung unter Vorspannung sitzt.The described, preferred embodiment of the actuator 24 results in the advantageous possibility, for generating the acting in the direction of rotation of the shaft 14 spring force F at least one of the actuating pins 38, but preferably both actuation pins 38 to act upon the force of a respective compression spring element 46. It is also advantageous to use helical compression springs. This is in comparison to known designs with the shaft enclosing torsion springs a significant advantage, which is mainly due to the Durability has a positive effect. As it turned out Fig. 2 . 5 . 12 and 15 shows, each compression spring element 46 is arranged together with the associated actuating pin 38 in an elongated housing transverse opening, wherein the compression spring element 46 is seated between the actuating pin 38 and a closed end of the housing opening under bias.

Bei der ersten Ausführungsform gemäß Fig. 1 bis 9 ist das Gehäuse 16 im Bereich des wulstartigen Ansatzes 36 derart ausgebildet, dass zwei verbundene Container 2 im Bereich ihrer Containerecken 4 unmittelbar aufeinanderstehen. Hierzu wird insbesondere auf Fig. 7 und 8 hingwiesen.In the first embodiment according to Fig. 1 to 9 the housing 16 is formed in the region of the bead-like projection 36 such that two connected containers 2 in the region of their container corners 4 directly on each other. This is in particular on FIGS. 7 and 8 hung reported.

In der alternativen Ausführung des Twistlocks 1 gemäß Fig. 10 bis 16 weist das Gehäuse 16 in seinem etwa mittig zwischen den Verriegelungsköpfen 10, 12 angeordneten Bereich einen flansch- bzw. plattenartigen, quer zur Drehachse 18 vorspringenden Auflageabschnitt 48 derart auf, dass zwei verbundene Container 2 mittelbar über jeweils einen Auflageabschnitt 48 der vier Twistlocks 1 aufeinanderstehen. Dabei sind die Ansätze 36 beidseitig des Auflageabschnittes 48 jeweils im Übergangsbereich zu dem angrenzenden Gehäuse-Eingriffsabschnitt 28 bzw. 34 angeordnet (Fig. 10, 11 und 14).In the alternative embodiment of the twistlock 1 according to 10 to 16 the housing 16 in its approximately centrally disposed between the locking heads 10, 12 area a flansch- or plate-like, transverse to the axis of rotation 18 projecting support portion 48 such that two connected containers 2 indirectly via a respective support portion 48 of the four twistlocks 1 on each other. The lugs 36 are arranged on both sides of the support section 48 in each case in the transition region to the adjacent housing engagement section 28 or 34 ( Fig. 10 . 11 and 14 ).

Wie oben bereits erwähnt wurde, ist die Lösebewegungachse X-X des erfindungsgemäßen Twistlocks 1 vorzugsweise so ausgerichtet, dass sie im Verwendungszustand parallel zu einer Container-Längsachse 50 ausgerichtet ist.As already mentioned above, the release movement axis X-X of the twistlock 1 according to the invention is preferably oriented such that it is aligned in the use state parallel to a container longitudinal axis 50.

Anhand der Fig. 17 bis 21 sollen noch wichtige Vorteile des erfindugnsgemäßen Twistlocks 1 in bestimmten Anwendungsfällen erläutert werden. Das automatische Verriegeln beim Laden der Container 2 wurde oben bereits erläutert. Der verriegelte Ladezustand ist in Fig. 17b dargestellt.Based on Fig. 17 to 21 should still be explained important advantages of the erfindungnsgemäßen twistlock 1 in certain applications. The automatic locking when loading the container 2 has already been explained above. The locked state of charge is in Fig. 17b shown.

Zum Entladen des oberen Containers 2 muss dieser gemäß Fig. 17d) und Fig. 19 zunächst leicht um den Lösehub Z angehoben und dann in Pfeilrichtung X insbesondere in seiner Längsrichtung bewegt werden, wobei gemäß Fig. 17c und d die Verschieberichtung auf der Achse X-X beliebig ist. Dadurch wird der untere Eingriffsabschnitt 28 jedes Twistlocks 1 innerhalb der Verriegelungsöffnung 6 des unteren Containers verschoben, so dass über einen der Betätigungsstifte 38 durch Anlage am inneren Lochrand die Welle 14 soweit gedreht wird, bis der untere Verriegelungskopf 12 in seiner Lösestellung steht. Anschließend kann der Container gänzlich abgehoben werden.To unload the upper container 2 this must be in accordance with Fig. 17d) and Fig. 19 first slightly raised by the release stroke Z and then moved in the direction of arrow X, in particular in its longitudinal direction, according to Fig. 17c and d the direction of displacement on the axis XX is arbitrary. Thereby, the lower engaging portion 28 of each twistlock 1 is displaced within the locking opening 6 of the lower container, so that via one of the actuating pins 38 through Plant on the inner edge of the hole, the shaft 14 is rotated until the lower locking head 12 is in its release position. Then the container can be lifted completely.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung des Twistlocks 1 ist es nahezu ausgeschlossen, dass während des Einsatzes auf See Kräfte auftreten können, die ein unbeabsichtigtes Lösen der Verbindungen zur Folge haben, weil ausschließlich ein Verschieben des gesamten Containers mit allen vier Twistlocks 1 eine Entriegelung aller Twistlocks 1 bewirkt. Folgende Kräfte können auftreten:Due to the inventive design of the twistlock 1, it is almost impossible that can occur during use at sea forces that have an unintentional release of the compounds result, because only a displacement of the entire container with all four twist locks 1 unlocking all twist locks 1 causes , The following forces can occur:

Rollbewegungenrolling movements

Durch Rollbewegung eines Schiffes (Drehung um die Schiffslängsachse), Wellenschlag oder Windlasten) entstehen Kräfte, die ein Kippen eines Containerstapels in Querrichtung zur Folge haben. Dadurch kommt es gemäß Fig. 20 und 21 auf einer Containerseite zu einer Druckbelastung und auf der anderen Seite zu einer Abhebekraft. Durch die Druckbelastung auf der einen Seite bleiben aber auch die Twistlocks 1 auf der abhebenden Seite sicher verriegelt, weil die zum Lösen erforderliche Längsverschiebung ausgeschlossen ist.By rolling movement of a ship (rotation about the ship's longitudinal axis), wave or wind loads) forces that result in a tilting of a container stack in the transverse direction result. That's how it works FIGS. 20 and 21 on one side of the container to a pressure load and on the other side to a lifting force. By the pressure load on the one hand but also the twistlocks 1 remain securely locked on the lifting side, because the time required for loosening longitudinal displacement is excluded.

Stampfbewegungenpitching

Bei Stampfbewegungen (Drehung in Längsrichtung um die Schiffsquerachse) sind die Kippwinkel der Containerstapel wesentlich kleiner als bei Rollbewegungen. Sollten dennoch - wie in Fig. 17a) und Fig. 18) veranschaulicht - an einer Stirnseite eines Containers Abhebekräfte auftreten, ist dies mit einer entsprechenden Druckbelastung auf der anderen Stirnseite verbunden. Auch in diesem Fall kann es nicht zu einem unbeabsichtigen Entriegeln aller Twistlocks 1 kommen, weil die dazu notwenige Verschiebung des Containers nicht möglich ist.In pitching movements (rotation in the longitudinal direction around the ship's transverse axis), the tilt angles of the container stacks are significantly smaller than during rolling movements. Should still - as in 17a) and FIG. 18 ) - Abhebekräfte occur on one end face of a container, this is associated with a corresponding pressure load on the other end face. Also in this case, it can not come to an unintentional unlocking of all Twistlocks 1, because the necessary for this displacement of the container is not possible.

Negativbeschleunigungennegative accelerations

Unter gewissen Voraussetzungen kann es zu Negativbeschleunigungen (Bremskräften) und zu Abhebekräften kommen, die einen Container in allen vier Eckpunkten gleichzeitig abheben lassen. Auch bei dieser Belastungssituation bleiben aber die erfindungsgemäßen Twistlocks 1 sicher verriegelt. Bei einer durch Negativbeschleunigung verursachten Abhebung entsteht in aller Regel nicht gleichzeitig auch eine Kraftkomponente, die einen zuvor über die Ansätze 36 gewichtsbedingt zentrierten Container während des Abhebens in Längsrichtung bewegen könnte.Under certain conditions, negative acceleration (braking forces) and lift-off forces can occur, which allow a container to be lifted simultaneously in all four corners. Even with this loading situation, however, the twistlocks 1 according to the invention remain securely locked. At one through Negative acceleration caused withdrawal usually creates not at the same time also a force component that could previously move over the approaches 36 weight-based centered container during take-off in the longitudinal direction.

Kombinierte KräfteCombined forces

Es ist nicht denkbar, dass aus den vorliegenden Belastungszuständen kombinierte Kräfte entstehen können, die ein unbeabsichtigtes Entriegeln der erfindungsgemäßen Twistlocks 1 möglich machen.It is not conceivable that combined forces can arise from the present load conditions which make unintentional unlocking of the twistlocks 1 according to the invention possible.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten und beschriebenen Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt, sondern umfasst auch alle im Sinne der Erfindung gleichwirkenden Ausführungen. So kann anstelle des Zahngetriebes 42, 44 auch jede andere geeignete, z. B. auch kraftschlüssige Getriebeverbindung im Bereich der Betätigungselemente 2b und der Welle 14 vorgesehen sein. Zudem kann die Federkraft F auch auf andere Weise bzw. mit anderen Federelementen erzeugt werden.The invention is not limited to the illustrated and described embodiments, but also includes all the same in the context of the invention embodiments. Thus, instead of the toothed gear 42, 44, any other suitable, for. B. also frictional transmission connection in the region of the actuators 2b and the shaft 14 may be provided. In addition, the spring force F can also be generated in other ways or with other spring elements.

Claims (18)

  1. A locking device (1) for the mutual connection of freight containers (2) via locking openings (6) which are present therein in the region of container corners and which can be engaged behind, having two locking heads (10, 12), directed in opposite directions, which are formed and connected via a common shaft (14) in such a manner, and guided in a housing (16) so as to be rotatable about a rotational axis (18) in such a manner that each locking head (10, 12) is, on the one hand, in a release position, able to be introduced into or removed from the respective locking opening (6) and is, on the other hand, in a locked position, which is rotated with respect to the release position, arranged so that portions thereof project outside of the opening cross-section of the locking opening (6) for the purpose of engaging behind the locking opening (6), wherein the locking heads (10, 12) can be rotated via an actuating device (24), characterised in that the actuating device (24) has at least one actuating element (26) which is arranged in the region of an engagement portion (28), provided for rotationally-fixed engagement in the respective locking opening (6), of the housing (16) in such a manner that, and cooperates with the locking heads (10, 12) via drive means (30) in such a manner that a relative displacement of the engagement portion (28) of the housing (16) within the locking opening (6) from an initial position in a direction along a releasing motion axis (X-X) directed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the container brings about, via the actuating element (26) acting against an inner hole edge (32) of the locking opening (6), a rotation of the locking heads (10, 12) until at least one (12) of the locking heads (10, 12) is in its release position.
  2. A locking device according to claim 1, characterised in that the locking heads (10, 12) are rigidly connected to the rotatable shaft (14) in an arrangement offset relative to one another in such a manner that both locking heads (10, 12) are in a locked position in a full locking position or the first locking head (10) is in a locked position and the second locking head (12) in a release position in a partial locking position.
  3. A locking device according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the locking heads (10, 12) are acted upon by a spring force (F) in the rotational direction in such a manner that the locked position can be achieved automatically by the spring force (F) and the rotation into the release position takes place against the spring force (F).
  4. A locking device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the housing (16) has two engagement portions, directed in opposite directions and each adjoining one of the locking heads (10, 12) in an axial direction, for rotationally fixed engagement in a respective locking opening (6) of two containers (2) to be connected.
  5. A locking device according to claim 4, characterised in that the housing (16) is in the region of the engagement portions (28, 34) such that in the utilisation state for the connection of two containers (2) standing vertically on top of one another, the upper container (2) is fixed by its weight against horizontal displacement relative to the lower container (2) and is only moveable horizontally in the direction of the releasing motion axis (X-X) after a slight lifting by a vertical releasing distance (Z).
  6. A locking device according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that in the region of each engagement portion (28, 34), the housing (16) has a circumferential, collar-like projection (36) for engagement in a bevel-like opening flaring (8) present in the outer mouth-region of the respective locking opening (6).
  7. A locking device according to any one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that the engagement portion (34) adjoining the first locking head (10) has a cross-sectional contour adapted to the associated locking opening (6) in such a manner that - viewed transversely to the rotational axis (18) - it engages in the locking opening (6) in a substantially non-displaceable manner.
  8. A locking device according to any one of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the second engagement portion (28) adjoining the second locking head (12) has a cross-sectional contour such that it engages in the locking opening (6) in a manner so as to be non-rotatable yet - viewed transversely to the rotational axis (18) - movable along the releasing motion axis (X-X).
  9. A locking device according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterised in that in the locked position, the second locking head (12) engages behind the associated locking opening (6) with a clearance creating the releasing distance (Z).
  10. A locking device according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the actuating element (26) is in the form of an actuating pin (38), displaceably mounted within the housing (16), arranged tangentially to the shaft (14) and connected to the latter via a non-positive locking and/or positive-locking gear connection (40), which actuating pin (38) can for rotation of the shaft (16[sic]) be pushed into the housing (16) from an initial position in which one of its ends projects beyond the housing (16).
  11. A locking device according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that two actuating elements (26) which are of the same kind and which act in opposite directions are present.
  12. A locking device according to claim 10 or 11, characterised in that the/each gear connection (40) is in the form of a toothed gear.
  13. A locking device according to any one of claims 3 to 12, characterised in that the/each actuating element (26) is acted upon by a pressure spring element (46) in order to generate the spring force (F).
  14. A locking device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the housing (16) is such that two connected containers (2) stand directly on top of one another in the region of their container corners (4).
  15. A locking device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that in its region arranged substantially centrally between the locking heads (10, 12), the housing (16) has a flange-like support portion (48), projecting transversely to the rotational axis (18), in such a manner that two connected containers (2) stand directly on top of one another via a support portion (48) in each case.
  16. A locking device according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that at least one of the locking heads (10, 12) has tapered, inclined surfaces (23) in such a manner that automatic insertion and locking takes place via the locking head (10, 12) in cooperation with the opening edge upon insertion of the locking head (10, 12) into the locking opening (6).
  17. A locking device according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterised in that the releasing motion axis (X-X) is directed parallel to a container longitudinal axis (50).
  18. A method of loading and unloading freight containers (2) using locking devices (1) according to any one of claims 1 to 17, wherein for loading purposes, first of all the first, upper locking heads (10) of four locking devices (1) are inserted into four, lower locking openings (6) on a first, upper container (4) and then the container (2) is placed on a second, lower container (2), wherein the second, lower locking heads (12) engage in upper locking openings (6) of the second container (2) and are locked automatically, characterised in that for unloading, the upper container (2) is, after being lifted slightly by the vertical releasing distance (Z), displaced horizontally in the direction of the releasing motion axis (X-X) - in particular corresponding to its longitudinal axis (50) - and then lifted off vertically by means of a lifting device in order to unlock the second locking heads (12).
EP06113404A 2006-05-02 2006-05-02 Locking device for freight container Not-in-force EP1852366B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK06113404.5T DK1852366T3 (en) 2006-05-02 2006-05-02 Shipping container for freight container
DE502006007031T DE502006007031D1 (en) 2006-05-02 2006-05-02 Locking device for freight containers
AT06113404T ATE469062T1 (en) 2006-05-02 2006-05-02 LOCKING DEVICE FOR FREIGHT CONTAINER
EP06113404A EP1852366B1 (en) 2006-05-02 2006-05-02 Locking device for freight container
CN2007100977401A CN101066724B (en) 2006-05-02 2007-04-28 Locking device for freight container, loading and unloading method for freight container

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06113404A EP1852366B1 (en) 2006-05-02 2006-05-02 Locking device for freight container

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1852366A1 EP1852366A1 (en) 2007-11-07
EP1852366B1 true EP1852366B1 (en) 2010-05-26

Family

ID=37023004

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP06113404A Not-in-force EP1852366B1 (en) 2006-05-02 2006-05-02 Locking device for freight container

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1852366B1 (en)
CN (1) CN101066724B (en)
AT (1) ATE469062T1 (en)
DE (1) DE502006007031D1 (en)
DK (1) DK1852366T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR101472028B1 (en) * 2013-01-29 2014-12-15 (주)밴플러스 Cargo container with a locking unit built in corner castings
CN103241487A (en) * 2013-04-27 2013-08-14 汪伟 Connecting lock of container
WO2021031058A1 (en) * 2019-08-19 2021-02-25 Abb Schweiz Ag Gripper for handling twistlock

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4277212A (en) * 1979-03-16 1981-07-07 Peck & Hale, Inc. Connector interconnecting freight devices
DE3940881A1 (en) * 1989-07-04 1991-01-17 Conver Osr Ozean Service Repar COUPLING PIECE FOR DETACHABLE CONNECTION OF CONTAINERS
DE4042710C2 (en) 1990-09-25 2002-11-28 Macgregor Conver Gmbh Coupling piece for connecting containers
DE9317501U1 (en) 1993-11-16 1994-02-10 Wader Willi Gmbh Device for interconnecting containers
DE29723812U1 (en) 1997-09-19 1999-02-25 German Lashing Robert Boeck Gm Locking device for connecting containers
DE10121988B4 (en) * 2001-05-05 2009-07-09 Heinrich Helms Device for automatic fastening locking for containers
DE10238895C5 (en) * 2002-08-24 2009-04-30 Sec Ship's Equipment Centre Bremen Gmbh Coupling piece for connecting two stacked containers, arrangement of stacked containers and method for connecting stacked containers with such dome pieces
DE20315713U1 (en) 2003-07-01 2004-12-02 German Lashing Robert Böck GmbH Locking device for securing of containers on board ships has base component from which extend upper and lower locking protrusions engaging in bottom corner of one container's corner fitting and in top corner fitting of another
CN2688656Y (en) * 2004-04-23 2005-03-30 宜兴胜狮金属制品有限公司 Safety intermediate torsional lock of container

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE469062T1 (en) 2010-06-15
EP1852366A1 (en) 2007-11-07
CN101066724A (en) 2007-11-07
DK1852366T3 (en) 2010-09-27
DE502006007031D1 (en) 2010-07-08
CN101066724B (en) 2010-09-08

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