EP1851036A1 - Faserverbund-bauelement und verfahren zur herstellung eines faserverbund-bauelements - Google Patents
Faserverbund-bauelement und verfahren zur herstellung eines faserverbund-bauelementsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1851036A1 EP1851036A1 EP06722521A EP06722521A EP1851036A1 EP 1851036 A1 EP1851036 A1 EP 1851036A1 EP 06722521 A EP06722521 A EP 06722521A EP 06722521 A EP06722521 A EP 06722521A EP 1851036 A1 EP1851036 A1 EP 1851036A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- sub
- matrix
- matrix system
- subelement
- fiber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
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- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 31
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 11
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 114
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 36
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 57
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 57
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 22
- 238000007596 consolidation process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009958 sewing Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 17
- 229920000049 Carbon (fiber) Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 6
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000012815 thermoplastic material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000010992 reflux Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
- B29C66/1122—Single lap to lap joints, i.e. overlap joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C65/00—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor
- B29C65/02—Joining or sealing of preformed parts, e.g. welding of plastics materials; Apparatus therefor by heating, with or without pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/11—Joint cross-sections comprising a single joint-segment, i.e. one of the parts to be joined comprising a single joint-segment in the joint cross-section
- B29C66/112—Single lapped joints
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/10—Particular design of joint configurations particular design of the joint cross-sections
- B29C66/13—Single flanged joints; Fin-type joints; Single hem joints; Edge joints; Interpenetrating fingered joints; Other specific particular designs of joint cross-sections not provided for in groups B29C66/11 - B29C66/12
- B29C66/131—Single flanged joints, i.e. one of the parts to be joined being rigid and flanged in the joint area
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
- B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/30321—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of protrusions belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
- B29C66/3032—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/30325—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect making use of protrusions or cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined making use of cavities belonging to at least one of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/341—Measures for intermixing the material of the joint interlayer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/472—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially flat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/47—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/474—Joining single elements to sheets, plates or other substantially flat surfaces said single elements being substantially non-flat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/50—General aspects of joining tubular articles; General aspects of joining long products, i.e. bars or profiled elements; General aspects of joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; General aspects of joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/51—Joining tubular articles, profiled elements or bars; Joining single elements to tubular articles, hollow articles or bars; Joining several hollow-preforms to form hollow or tubular articles
- B29C66/52—Joining tubular articles, bars or profiled elements
- B29C66/524—Joining profiled elements
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/737—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/7375—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured
- B29C66/73755—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the state of the material of the parts to be joined uncured, partially cured or fully cured the to-be-joined area of at least one of the parts to be joined being fully cured, i.e. fully cross-linked, fully vulcanized
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7392—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoplastic
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/73—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/739—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset
- B29C66/7394—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the intensive physical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the optical properties of the material of the parts to be joined, by the extensive physical properties of the parts to be joined, by the state of the material of the parts to be joined or by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of the parts to be joined being a thermoplastic or a thermoset characterised by the material of at least one of the parts being a thermoset
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/80—General aspects of machine operations or constructions and parts thereof
- B29C66/81—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/814—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/8145—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps
- B29C66/81455—General aspects of the pressing elements, i.e. the elements applying pressure on the parts to be joined in the area to be joined, e.g. the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the design of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps characterised by the constructional aspects of the pressing elements, e.g. of the welding jaws or clamps being a fluid inflatable bag or bladder, a diaphragm or a vacuum bag for applying isostatic pressure
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/01—General aspects dealing with the joint area or with the area to be joined
- B29C66/05—Particular design of joint configurations
- B29C66/303—Particular design of joint configurations the joint involving an anchoring effect
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/40—General aspects of joining substantially flat articles, e.g. plates, sheets or web-like materials; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles; Joining single elements to substantially flat surfaces
- B29C66/41—Joining substantially flat articles ; Making flat seams in tubular or hollow articles
- B29C66/43—Joining a relatively small portion of the surface of said articles
- B29C66/434—Joining substantially flat articles for forming corner connections, fork connections or cross connections
- B29C66/4344—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces
- B29C66/43441—Joining substantially flat articles for forming fork connections, e.g. for making Y-shaped pieces with two right angles, e.g. for making T-shaped pieces, H-shaped pieces
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/71—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the composition of the plastics material of the parts to be joined
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7212—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the composition of the fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C66/00—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts
- B29C66/70—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material
- B29C66/72—General aspects of processes or apparatus for joining preformed parts characterised by the composition, physical properties or the structure of the material of the parts to be joined; Joining with non-plastics material characterised by the structure of the material of the parts to be joined
- B29C66/721—Fibre-reinforced materials
- B29C66/7214—Fibre-reinforced materials characterised by the length of the fibres
- B29C66/72141—Fibres of continuous length
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/06—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped containing reinforcements, fillers or inserts
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/19—Sheets or webs edge spliced or joined
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a fiber composite component having at least two adjoining first and second sub-elements each having a fiber structure and the fibrous structure each embedding different matrix systems that cure differently from a liquid state.
- the invention further relates to a fiber composite component with at least adjoining first and second sub-elements each having a fiber structure and the fibrous structure each embedding, differently cured matrix systems.
- US 5,667,881 discloses a connection between a thermoplastic and a thermosetting plastic, which is produced by the fact that at the interface between the two plastics in the liquid or plasticized Condition can mix something, so as to form a kind of dispersion together. Such a method is limited to the use of miscible plastics and therefore has only a limited scope.
- the present invention has for its object to enable the production of a fiber composite component of the type mentioned above, which has an increased stability of the connection of the sub-elements, is inexpensive to produce and is not limited to certain plastic combinations.
- a fiber composite component of the type mentioned in the introduction which is characterized in that the matrix system of the first partial element with irregular boundary surfaces extends into the region of the second partial element and the matrix system of the second partial element within the second partial element with complementary boundary surfaces connects to the matrix system of the first sub-element.
- an inventive fiber composite component of the kind mentioned in the opening paragraph is characterized in that the matrix system of the first subelement with irregular boundary surfaces extends into the region of the second subelement and forms a mixing region with the irregular boundary surfaces and the matrix system of the second subelement connects within the second sub-element with complementary interfaces to the mixing area.
- the above-mentioned object is further achieved in a first embodiment with a method of the type mentioned above in that first the matrix system of the first sub-element is liquefied and irregularly penetrates in the region of the adjacent second sub-element, that then the matrix system of the second sub-element is liquefied and that the matrix systems are cured.
- the inventive method thus provides that the matrix system of the first sub-element is first liquefied, while the fiber structure of the second sub-element is still dry, ie, any existing matrix system of the second sub-element is not yet liquefied or the fiber structure of the second sub-element has not yet been provided with a matrix system.
- the matrix system of the first subelement in liquid form can penetrate irregularly in the region of the second subelement, so that an irregular interface between the matrix systems is formed during subsequent liquefaction of the matrix system of the second subelement (by heating or by injection of the liquid binder) the hardened matrix systems are "interlocked" or "hooked” together.
- the sub-elements on a matrix system made of a thermosetting plastic and a matrix system made of a thermoplastic may be present in the fiber structure of the first sub-element, which may thus be formed as a thermoplastic prepreg or the fiber structure may contain thermoplastic fibers.
- the thermoplastic can be liquefied and thus penetrate into the region of the second partial element, preferably into the fiber structure of the second partial element.
- the thermosetting binder may then be injected, for example, into the fiber structure of the second subelement.
- An irregular boundary surface forms between the two liquid binders so that the later hardened matrix structures with an irregular interface abut one another and partially penetrate one another.
- the curing is preferably carried out by a corresponding temperature control, wherein, for example, the thermosetting binder by a temperature increase - and possibly by an overpressure - is brought to cure, while the thermoplastic binder then hardens on cooling.
- a thermoset may be present, which liquefies at a relatively low temperature (for example, 80 0 C) and in the region of an adjacent interstitial thermoplastic prepreg or thermoplastic Comminglinghybrids extends.
- thermoplastic Upon further increase in temperature, the thermoplastic liquefies, forming a mixing region in the partial region of the thermoplastic in which the thermoplastic fibers of the commingling hybrid or the thermoplastic part of the prepreg are liquefied within the penetrated thermosets and thus form thermoplastic inclusions during the curing of the thermoset.
- the mixing zone is located exclusively in the second subarea of the arrangement, whereby “exclusively” also here means that at most a slight reflux of thermoplastic material takes place into the first subarea of the thermoset, which accounts for less than 2% by volume, preferably less than 1%.
- the method steps for producing the fiber composite component are carried out until the curing of the matrix systems in the once closed mold, resulting in a considerable rationalization of the manufacturing process.
- the method of the type mentioned in the introduction is characterized in that the first subelement is consolidated, leaving a transition region provided for connection to the second subelement with the fiber structure unwetted by the matrix system, and then subsequently to the second subelement after intrusion of the matrix system of FIG second sub-element is consolidated in the transition region of the first sub-element.
- the first subelement or component of an assembly is thus consolidated separately so that a dry fiber region without matrix material remains in the transition to the later subassembly, ie the second subelement.
- the consolidation for example by matrix liquefaction or matrix injection and curing, can also take place before assembly with the second subelement. This will make the later transitional Zone defined by a matrix system of the first sub-element to the other matrix system of the second sub-element within the first sub-element.
- the second component is thus not thermally stressed when the matrix of the first sub-element is liquefied, since the transition region is already generated before assembly of the first and second sub-element to form an assembly in the first sub-element.
- the consolidation of the first and / or second sub-element can be carried out, for example, by liquefaction and subsequent curing of the respective matrix system.
- the transition region is designed with an irregular thickness distribution over the surface of the transition region. This is achieved because the fiber layers of the transition region have in their surface both dry fiber regions, as well as on interspersed by matrix material of the first sub-element areas.
- the irregular boundary layer which thereby forms nonuniformly through the fiber layers of the transition region has the advantage that an improved entanglement and toothing of the two partial elements in the transition region is achieved. A cohesive connection of the two matrix regions over the fiber is produced.
- the first sub-element is constructed from at least two layers, which are connected to each other, for example by sewing.
- a first layer of the first subelement is a fiber structure provided with matrix systems
- a second layer is a fiber structure connected to the first layer and provided without a matrix system and forming the transition region.
- thermoplastic commingling hybrid or a thermoplastic prepeg can be used as a first layer of this two-layer first sub-element.
- the matrix system of the first sub-element is consolidated leaving the transition region, for example, by liquefying a thermoplastic of the first layer, so that it flows into the second layer.
- a boundary layer then forms in the second layer of the first subelement.
- thermoplastic film is inserted between the first and second layer of the first sub-element prior to consolidation of the matrix system of the first sub-element and curing of the matrix system by means of heat input.
- the thermoplastic film melts and partially penetrates the second layer to form a non-uniform transition region.
- thermoplastic film may be perforated or perforated, for example.
- thermoplastic film remains as far as possible in the second layer and it forms a boundary layer with holes.
- the matrix system of the second sub-element can flow into these holes and, when it hardens, additionally interlock with the matrix system of the first sub-element.
- both matrix systems produce a non-uniform interface.
- a fiber composite component produced by the described method can be used, for example, for stringer stiffened fuselage or wing shells of an aircraft.
- the shell elements are made of epoxy carbon fiber Pregeg, while the stringers made of carbon fiber with thermoplastic matrix with be prepared by the method described above.
- the stringer are then completely consolidated except for the contact areas of the stringer base to the prepreg shell and can be fine-tuned by hot forming to, for example, spherical contours of the shell.
- the still dry area of the stringer feet is impregnated with excess resin of the prepeg, thus forming a strong bond between the stringer and the shell.
- Figure 1 shows an adjacent arrangement of fiber structures of two adjacent
- FIG. 2 schematically shows the application of temperature and pressure to the arrangement according to FIG. 1 for melting a thermoplastic component in the fiber structure of the first partial element
- FIG. 3 schematically shows the penetration of thermoplastic material of the first subelement into the second subelement
- FIG. 4 schematically shows a subsequent injection of thermosetting resin
- Figure 5 shows the curing of the injected thermosetting resin
- FIG. 6 shows the cured component produced according to the method of FIGS. 1 to 5
- FIG. 7 shows a method step for producing a component according to a further embodiment of the invention, forming a mixing zone
- FIG. 9 shows a schematic illustration of the component according to FIG. 8
- FIG. 13 Sketch of a second other embodiment of the first sub-element as a cross-sectional view
- Figure 15 sketch of a third embodiment of the first sub-element as a cross-sectional view
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a first subelement 1 and a second subelement 2 of a fiber composite component to be produced.
- the first sub-element 1 has a fiber structure 3 and the second sub-element 2 a fiber structure 4, which are shown schematically in the form of superimposed layers of fabric.
- the two sub-elements are arranged overlapping each other and thus form a common interface. 5
- the fiber structure 3 of the first partial element 1 contains thermoplastic fibers (commingling hybrid).
- FIG. 2 schematically shows, by means of a closure 6 surrounding the arrangement, that the arrangement according to FIG. 1 is inserted into a mold and closed towards the outside, so that an increased temperature and a modified pressure (increased pressure or negative pressure) are applied to the arrangement within the mold 6. can be exercised.
- thermoplastic fibers in the fiber structure 3 of the first partial element 1 formed by carbon fibers can be melted to form a thermoplastic liquid binder. Since the fiber structure 4 of the second partial element 2 is formed as a dry carbon fiber semi-finished product, the binder penetrates by capillary action and possibly by an overpressure effect within the mold 6 in the region of the second sub-element 2, preferably in the fiber structure 4 of the second sub-element 2, irregular, as illustrated in FIG.
- thermosetting binder for example, epoxy resin
- the two binders thus form an irregular boundary line 7 with respect to one another, which runs only in the area of the second subelement 2 due to the binder penetrated into the fiber structure 4 of the second subelement 2.
- thermosetting binder By a further increase in temperature in the arrangement of Figure 5, the injected thermosetting binder is cured.
- the thermoplastic binder of the first sub-element 1 By subsequent cooling of the arrangement, preferably within the mold 6, and the thermoplastic binder of the first sub-element 1 is cured, so that after removal from the mold 6 is a fiber composite component shown in Figure 4, the interlocked at its interface 5 matrix systems of the two sub-elements 1, 2 and thus has a high resistance against schematically indicated in Figure 6 by arrows shear loads.
- the first sub-element 1 has a fiber structure 3, which is in the form of a prepreg with a thermosetting plastic is coated in an excess, so that when increasing the temperature in a mold or an autoclave 6, the thermosetting material in the region of the second sub-element 2 irregularly penetrates and the irregular boundary line 7 forms.
- the fiber structure 4 of the second partial element can be mixed, for example, with thermoplastic fibers as a commingling hybrid. As the temperature increases, the thermoset material begins to cure as the thermoplastic fibers begin to melt. As a result, the thermoplastic composite material is formed in the second sub-element.
- an irregular mixing region 8 has formed in the region of the second partial element 2, which consists of hardened thermosetting material with likewise hardened thermoplastic inclusions.
- binders can be used in adjacent sub-elements 1, 2, which are both thermosetting or both thermoplastic. Furthermore, it is not necessary to use a commingling hybrid, since it is equally possible to use prepregs or dry fiber structures into which the corresponding matrix material is injected.
- the binder of the first sub-element 1 it is possible to allow the binder of the first sub-element 1 to harden already after liquefaction, before the binder of the second sub-element 2 is activated by liquefaction or injection.
- the inventive desired mechanical toothing of the matrix systems of the two sub-elements 1, 2 in the second sub-element 2 can be realized.
- FIGS. 10 a) to f) show the various method steps for producing a fiber composite component consisting of two adjoining partial elements.
- FIG. 10 a) shows a cross-sectional view of a first subelement 101 consisting of a fiber structure 102 and a matrix system 103 embedded in the fiber structure 102.
- the matrix system 103 of the first subelement 101 is liquefied by temperature and pressure in order subsequently to consolidate the first subelement 101 by hardening the matrix material 103. Due to the fact that the fiber structure 102 is unwetted in a transition region 104 of the first subelement 101 of the matrix system 103, the matrix system 103 only incompletely penetrates into the transition region 104 during consolidation, ie. into the matrix-free transition region 104. After hardening, there arises a transition region 104 with an irregular thickness distribution over the surface of the transition region 104, as can be seen in FIG. 10c).
- the separately consolidated first subelement 101 is placed flat on a second subelement 105.
- a matrix system (injection resin) 106 is injected into the second sub-element 105 and achieved by temperature and pressure, that the matrix system 106 of the second sub-element 105 flows through this into the transition region 104 of the first sub-element.
- the matrix system 106 hooks or interlocks with the transition region and is cured ( Figures 10e) and f)).
- the matrix system 103 of the first subelement 101 is liquefied and due to its high viscosity incompletely penetrates the transition region 104 of the first subelement 101, so that an irregular boundary layer is formed upon curing of the matrix system 103.
- the matrix system 106 of the second subelement 105 is not yet present during the curing of the first subelement 101 or the matrix system 103 of the first subelement 101 is liquefied and cured without the presence of the second subelement 105. Subsequently, the matrix system 106 is injected into the second subelement 105 or a matrix system 106 already contained in the second subelement 105 is heated.
- the matrix system 106 of the second subelement 105 penetrates into the transition region 104 of the first subelement 101, which has not yet been wetted with a matrix system 106.
- the matrix system of the second component element flows 105 approaches the boundary layer of the first matrix system 103, hooks or interlocks with it and is cured.
- FIG. 11 shows a second embodiment of the first subelement 101, which is constructed from two layers 107a, 107b.
- the first layer 107a is a thermoplastic commingling hybrid bonded to the second layer 107b.
- the second layer 107b may consist of one or more dry or matrix-free fiber layers.
- the connection of the first and second layers 107a, 7b with each other can be done for example by sewing.
- the thermoplastic contained in the first layer 107a it partially flows into the second layer 107b, so that when the thermoplastic is cured as a matrix system, an interface layer forms in the second layer 107b as a transition region 104.
- the first subelement 101 formed from the two layers 107 a, 107 b is consolidated by means of temperature and pressure.
- FIG. 12b) shows the completely consolidated first subelement 101 with the transition region 104.
- a third embodiment of the first subelement 101 sketched in FIG. 13 is likewise constructed from two layers 108a, 108b.
- the first layer 108a is thermoplastic commingling hybrid or thermoplastic prepreg.
- the second layer 108b consists of several fiber layers sewn together, of a fiber fabric or of a preform fiber layer.
- FIG. 15 shows a fourth embodiment of the first subelement 101, in which a perforated or perforated thermoplastic film 110 is placed between the first and second layer 109a, 109b prior to the consolidation of the thermoplastic contained in a first layer 109a as a matrix system.
- thermoplastic film 110 begins to melt and flows partially into the second layer 109b. During the curing of the first partial element 101, both layers 109a, 109b are thus connected to one another. In addition, the perforation of the thermoplastic film 110 remains largely intact in the second layer 109b and forms a barrier layer with holes. This is sketched in FIG. 107b). There, the corresponding holes having transition region 104 can be seen. The matrix system of the second subelement 105 can then flow into these holes of the transition region 104 and, when hardened, additionally interlock with the matrix system of the first subelement 101 or produce an increasingly nonuniform interface.
- FIGS. 17a) to c) show the application of the above-described method for the production of stringerverrigifter fuselage or wing shells for aircraft.
- the first subelement 101 is, for example, a stringer made of carbon fiber material with a thermoplastic matrix, which, with the exception of the transition region 104 on the stringer base to the shell element, is finally consolidated as the second subelement 105.
- the stringers may also be formed by hot working to, for example, spherical contours of the shell, i. the second sub-element 105 are fine adjusted.
- the shell elements, i. the second sub-element 105 is made of epoxy carbon fiber prepreg, for example.
- the sealed cup component, i. of the second subelement 105 with the stringers, i. the first subelement 101, the still dry region of the stringer feet is impregnated with excess resin of the prepeg, thus forming a load-bearing connection of the stringer to the shell.
- This is outlined in Figures 108b) and c).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
- Casting Or Compression Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
- Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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DE102005008252.1A DE102005008252B4 (de) | 2005-02-21 | 2005-02-21 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserverbund-Bauelements |
DE102006002198A DE102006002198B4 (de) | 2006-01-16 | 2006-01-16 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserverbund-Bauelements |
PCT/DE2006/000337 WO2006089534A1 (de) | 2005-02-21 | 2006-02-21 | Faserverbund-bauelement und verfahren zur herstellung eines faserverbund-bauelements |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1851036A1 true EP1851036A1 (de) | 2007-11-07 |
EP1851036B1 EP1851036B1 (de) | 2012-10-03 |
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Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP06722521A Active EP1851036B1 (de) | 2005-02-21 | 2006-02-21 | Faserverbund-Bauelement und Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Faserverbund-Bauelements |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US8551381B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1851036B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2008529849A (de) |
BR (1) | BRPI0606371A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2597232A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2419542C2 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2006089534A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (11)
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US7402269B2 (en) * | 2005-10-25 | 2008-07-22 | The Boeing Company | Environmentally stable hybrid fabric system for exterior protection of an aircraft |
EP2257421B1 (de) * | 2008-04-02 | 2012-01-25 | DSM IP Assets B.V. | Verbessertes verfahren zur herstellung eines antiballistischen artikels und antiballistischer artikel |
GB0806921D0 (en) * | 2008-04-16 | 2008-05-21 | Airbus Uk Ltd | Composite laminate with self-healing layer |
ES2383668B1 (es) * | 2009-11-26 | 2013-05-03 | Airbus Operations, S.L. | Union de elementos de estructuras aeronauticas con otros elementos termoplasticos |
DE102011120636A1 (de) * | 2011-12-09 | 2013-06-13 | Airbus Operations Gmbh | Faserverbundbauteilanordnung mit mindestens zwei plattenförmigen Faserverbundbauteilen sowie Verfahren zur Herstellung derselben |
US9169351B2 (en) * | 2011-12-22 | 2015-10-27 | Johns Manville | Methods for making reinforced thermoplastic composites |
FR3009515B1 (fr) * | 2013-08-07 | 2015-09-04 | Faurecia Bloc Avant | Structure composite thermoformee et son procede de fabrication |
US9945389B2 (en) | 2014-05-05 | 2018-04-17 | Horton, Inc. | Composite fan |
EP3513942B1 (de) * | 2016-09-14 | 2021-07-28 | Nissan Motor Co., Ltd. | Verfahren zum giessen eines verbundstoffes und verbundstoff |
JP7390144B2 (ja) * | 2019-09-24 | 2023-12-01 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 複合材の継手部材及び継手構造体 |
JP7474070B2 (ja) | 2020-02-28 | 2024-04-24 | 株式会社Subaru | 複合材の製造方法、および、複合材 |
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JPS57207057A (en) * | 1981-06-15 | 1982-12-18 | Shinko Chem | Porous composite material |
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2006
- 2006-02-21 EP EP06722521A patent/EP1851036B1/de active Active
- 2006-02-21 US US11/909,733 patent/US8551381B2/en active Active
- 2006-02-21 JP JP2007555452A patent/JP2008529849A/ja active Pending
- 2006-02-21 RU RU2007131691/12A patent/RU2419542C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-02-21 WO PCT/DE2006/000337 patent/WO2006089534A1/de active Application Filing
- 2006-02-21 BR BRPI0606371-3A patent/BRPI0606371A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-02-21 CA CA002597232A patent/CA2597232A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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RU2007131691A (ru) | 2009-02-27 |
RU2419542C2 (ru) | 2011-05-27 |
EP1851036B1 (de) | 2012-10-03 |
BRPI0606371A2 (pt) | 2009-06-23 |
US20080274322A1 (en) | 2008-11-06 |
WO2006089534A1 (de) | 2006-08-31 |
CA2597232A1 (en) | 2006-08-31 |
US8551381B2 (en) | 2013-10-08 |
JP2008529849A (ja) | 2008-08-07 |
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