EP1840315B1 - Frame construction - Google Patents

Frame construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1840315B1
EP1840315B1 EP07104322.8A EP07104322A EP1840315B1 EP 1840315 B1 EP1840315 B1 EP 1840315B1 EP 07104322 A EP07104322 A EP 07104322A EP 1840315 B1 EP1840315 B1 EP 1840315B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
angle
angle element
webs
frame member
locking
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Application number
EP07104322.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1840315B2 (en
EP1840315A2 (en
EP1840315A3 (en
Inventor
Klaus Zielke
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Schueco International KG
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Schueco International KG
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Application filed by Schueco International KG filed Critical Schueco International KG
Priority to PL17155066T priority Critical patent/PL3196396T3/en
Priority to EP17155066.8A priority patent/EP3196396B1/en
Publication of EP1840315A2 publication Critical patent/EP1840315A2/en
Publication of EP1840315A3 publication Critical patent/EP1840315A3/en
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/54—Fixing of glass panes or like plates
    • E06B3/5481—Fixing of glass panes or like plates by means of discrete fixing elements, e.g. glazing clips, glaziers points
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/04—Wing frames not characterised by the manner of movement
    • E06B3/263—Frames with special provision for insulation
    • E06B2003/26394—Strengthening arrangements in case of fire

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a structural element in fire protection execution comprising a frame construction with frame spars, which has a surface element and in which the frame spars are provided with locking grooves are inserted into the holder for fixing the surface element, each holder consists of at least one such designed angle element that two transverse to the plane formed from the frame members level leg of each holder engage around the surface element.
  • the eligible frame construction is preferably used for windows, doors and facades.
  • the frame members are made in a preferred embodiment of aluminum hollow sections, which were manufactured by extrusion.
  • the surface element may be a filling plate or a glass sheet.
  • the holders are usually made of metal, as in a fire-proof design in case of fire, a relatively long time should pass until the frame construction coincides.
  • each holder In a known frame construction, each holder consists of two angle elements, the frame spar facing legs are bolted to the frame rail.
  • the assembly work for this frame construction is relatively high, due to the drilling of the screw holes and the screwing of the screws.
  • the required accuracy today is not achieved because the screw holes are drilled by hand by means of a drill.
  • the DE 695 29 594 T2 discloses a facade in which anchors are hooked in a profile to keep the panels in position even in case of fire. For this purpose, a plate overlapping the arm is provided.
  • the EP 1 327 739 discloses a building element with frame profiles in which glass elements are held.
  • fasteners are provided which engage around an edge of the glass elements.
  • the fasteners are latchingly fixed in a screw groove of a frame profile.
  • the invention has for its object, starting from a frame construction with two-part holders to make the holder of the frame structure of the type described in more detail so that can be dispensed with the drilling of screw holes in the frame spars, so that minimizes the time for mounting the frame structure is and that in addition the holder relative to the frame spars can be accurately or extremely accurately and safely positioned.
  • the frame members are provided with preferably undercut locking grooves anyway. These can now be used to fix the facing angle element on the frame rail by the latching web or the locking webs have a corresponding shape. This eliminates the need to drill bolt holes in the frame spars and screw in screws. Since the angle elements are produced by means of suitable tools, the manufacturing tolerances are negligible, so that the mounting accuracy is extremely high.
  • the locking webs of the angle element are positively and / or non-positively fixed in the respective locking groove.
  • each holder consists of a first, the respective frame spar of the component facing angle element and a second angle element, and that the frame spar facing leg of the first angle element forms a guide for the opposite the first angle element adjustable second angle element.
  • the same holder can be used by the adjustability of the second angle element for different thicknesses of the surface elements.
  • the distance between the transverse to the plane of the component leg can be adjusted in distance to the inner surface of the surface element.
  • the webs encompassing the surface element of each holder are at a certain distance from the outer and the inner surface, so that the surface element is movable by the seals inserted into the outer shell and the retaining strip.
  • the second angle element is adjustable within the adjustment infinitely variable with respect to the first angle element and can be locked in any position. Due to the stepless adjustment not only the different thicknesses of the surface elements can be considered, but also on different seals.
  • the second adjustment is designed so that it can be locked in any position without holes must be drilled in the frame spar.
  • a bore is provided, into which a locking screw is screwed.
  • the bore can be introduced during the manufacture of the angle element, it being possible that this is stamped, and that the locking screw is equipped with self-tapping threads.
  • the second angle element is locked by latching.
  • the first angle element is equipped with a spring tongue which is formed by incisions and in the second angle element a slot is incorporated, the lateral edges are toothed. In this slot or in this toothing engages the arcuate end of the spring tongue. Once the arcuate end of the spring tongue is pushed out of the slot, the second angle element can be adjusted. Depending on the pitch of the teeth, the adjustment of the second angle element takes place in correspondingly small steps.
  • the leg of the first angle element facing the frame spar rests against the frame spar with its central area, and that the side areas are bent to form the guide of the second angle element, so that the outer edges of the bent area are spaced apart Stand frame frame.
  • this design can be dispensed with spacers between the first angle element and the frame member, whereby the assembly would only be difficult.
  • To guide the second angle element is provided that this has lateral guide pockets which engage around the outer edges of the cranked portion of the first angle element. This also creates a positive connection between the two angle elements. It is sufficient if the guide pockets of the second angle element extend beyond the surface element facing away from the end region. This also achieves a material-saving design. The same applies if the laterally bent portion of the frame spar associated leg of the first angle element extends over an end portion which faces away from the surface element. This cranked region extends approximately over half the length of the frame spar facing leg.
  • the first angle element is positively and / or non-positively fixed in at least one longitudinal groove of the frame Holmes.
  • this angle element is provided on the frame spar associated side with four rectangular squares descriptive locking webs, which are aligned in the direction of the locking grooves of the frame Holmes and equidistant from each other. The distance between these locking webs is adapted to the distance of two locking grooves.
  • the locking webs are arranged so that a quadrangle is formed by the connections of the individual locking webs with each other.
  • the locking webs are arranged so that two diagonally opposite webs are formed in a straight line, and that the other two diagonally opposite locking webs are formed as Kröpfstege or angle webs.
  • the first angle member relative to the frame spar is brought into a first inclined position, wherein the Kröpfstege or angle webs and the rectilinear locking webs dive into the locking grooves of the frame spar, that then the angle element is rotated, so that whose longitudinal edges are perpendicular to the locking grooves.
  • the Kröpfstege be levered under bias over the rectilinear locking webs in the locking grooves, whereby the final position of the angle element is fixed.
  • levering the Kröpfstege be powerfully clamped under the Nutstege, so that a secure positive and non-positive connection is made.
  • the second angle element is positionally mounted to the first according to the thickness of the surface element mounted so that after attachment of all holders this is exactly fixed. Since the locking grooves are arranged in their cross-sections mirror images of each other, it is provided that the angled or cranked end portions of the angle or the Kröpfstege are aligned with each other.
  • the composite profile 1 consists of an outer shell 2 and an inner shell 3, which are connected to each other via two insulating bars 4 for thermal insulation.
  • the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 3 are, for example, extruded aluminum.
  • the insulating bars 4 are usually made of a plastic.
  • the outer shell 2 and the inner shell 3 are provided with a plurality of grooves 5 - 7, which are undercut at least on one side, ie it extends a web into the groove 5, 6, 7. In the grooves 5, for example, a glass retaining strip, not shown, are used.
  • the grooves 6 are provided for receiving seals, not shown, and finally the locking grooves 7 are designed to receive the holder described above.
  • a surface element 10 for example, used in the form of a fire-resistant insulating glass.
  • This surface element 10 is encompassed by still further explained holder 8 in the frame construction.
  • the glass retaining strip 9 is latched into the groove 5.
  • the glass retaining strip 9 also carries a seal 11, which is associated with the inside of the surface element 10.
  • a further seal 12 is inserted, which bears against the outside of the surface element 10.
  • FIG. 3 shows a fixed to the outer shell 2 and a fixed to the inner shell 3 holder 8 in a perspective view. So that the holder 8 is visible, the glass retaining strip 9 is not drawn. In a manner not shown, a plurality of holders 8 are used at intervals in the shells 2 and 3 to secure the surface element 10. As will be described in more detail, this is done without screws by each holder 8 is engaged in two parallel and spaced locking grooves of the shells 2 and 3.
  • each holder 8 consists of a first angle member 16 and a second angle member 23, wherein the first angle member 16 forms a guide for the second angle member 23.
  • This is in accordance with the FIGS. 4a and 4b the surface of the element 10 facing away from the area first angle element 16 provided in the lateral areas with cranks.
  • these cranked edge regions 22 are at a distance from the facing surface of a frame spar, not shown, when the central region is applied thereto. So that the second angle element 23 is guided, the areas facing away from the surface element 10 are angled so that guide pockets 25 are formed.
  • the first angle element 16 is associated with two holding legs 14, which are associated with the outside of the surface element 10.
  • the second angle member 23 is provided with a bore 30 into which a locking screw 24 is screwed to prevent in this embodiment, the second angle member 23 against displacement relative to the first angle member 16. It results in particular from the Figures 4g and 4h in that, within the adjustment range, the second angle element 23 is infinitely variable with respect to the first angle element 16.
  • the first angle member 16 is equipped with four locking webs 17, 18 which describe a quadrangle, ie, the distances between the locking webs 17 and 18 correspond to the distance between two the locking grooves 7 of the frame Holmes.
  • the diagonally opposite latching pins 17 are formed in a straight line, while the likewise diagonally opposite latching webs 18 are angled or cranked.
  • the locking webs 17 and 18 then enter into the grooves 7 a. Subsequently, as shown in FIG. 4d the first angle member 16 is rotated counterclockwise, so that the rectilinear locking webs 17 are supported in the locking grooves 7 and the locking webs 18 are levered under the Nutstege 32, so that the holder 8 is clamped positively and non-positively fixed.
  • FIGS. 5a-5c show a variant of the holder.
  • the basic structure is the same, but the locking of the second angle element 28 takes place by latching.
  • the first angle member 26 is provided with a spring tongue 27 which is formed by incisions.
  • the movable end of the spring tongue 27 is arcuate.
  • a slot 29 is incorporated in a correct position, the lateral edges are toothed. In this toothing engages the arcuate end of the spring tongue 27, as shown in FIG. 5c seen.
  • the pitch of the toothing adjustment of the second angle element 28 is now in accordance with small steps.
  • To adjust the bent end of the spring tongue 27 must be disengaged from the teeth.
  • the advantage of this design is that it can be dispensed with a screw 24.
  • the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. It is advantageous, however, if the holder 8 is formed from two angle elements 16, 23, 26, 28, and that the first, the frame spar facing angle element 16, 26 is provided with locking webs 17, 18, so that this form in locking grooves 7 of the frame profile - And / or non-positively fixed. In addition, it is important that the second angle element 23, 28 is infinitely variable or in relatively small steps relative to the first angle element 16, 26 adjustable.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Special Wing (AREA)
  • Mutual Connection Of Rods And Tubes (AREA)
  • Blinds (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Bauelement in Brandschutzausführung umfassend eine Rahmenkonstruktion mit Rahmenholmen, welches ein Flächenelement aufweist und bei der die Rahmenholme mit Rastnuten versehen sind, in die Halter zur Festlegung des Flächenelementes eingesetzt sind, wobei jeder Halter aus mindestens einem derartig gestalteten Winkelelement besteht, dass zwei quer zu der aus den Rahmenholmen gebildeten Ebene stehende Schenkel jedes Halters das Flächenelement umgreifen.The invention relates to a structural element in fire protection execution comprising a frame construction with frame spars, which has a surface element and in which the frame spars are provided with locking grooves are inserted into the holder for fixing the surface element, each holder consists of at least one such designed angle element that two transverse to the plane formed from the frame members level leg of each holder engage around the surface element.

Die infrage kommende Rahmenkonstruktion wird bevorzugt für Fenster, Türen und Fassaden verwendet. Die Rahmenholme bestehen in bevorzugter Ausführung aus Aluminiumhohlprofilen, die im Strangpressverfahren gefertigt wurden. Das Flächenelement kann eine Füllungsplatte oder auch eine Glasscheibe sein. Die Halter sind üblicherweise aus Metall gefertigt, da bei einer brandgeschützten Ausführung im Brandfalle eine relativ lange Zeit vergehen soll, bis dass die Rahmenkonstruktion zusammenfällt.The eligible frame construction is preferably used for windows, doors and facades. The frame members are made in a preferred embodiment of aluminum hollow sections, which were manufactured by extrusion. The surface element may be a filling plate or a glass sheet. The holders are usually made of metal, as in a fire-proof design in case of fire, a relatively long time should pass until the frame construction coincides.

Bei einer bekannten Rahmenkonstruktion besteht jeder Halter aus zwei Winkelelementen, deren dem Rahmenholm zugewandte Schenkel mit dem Rahmenholm verschraubt sind. Der Montageaufwand für diese Rahmenkonstruktion ist relativ hoch, bedingt durch das Bohren der Schraubenlöcher und das Eindrehen der Schrauben. Darüber hinaus wird die heutzutage geforderte Genauigkeit nicht erreicht, da die Schraubenlöcher von Hand mittels einer Bohrmaschine gebohrt werden.In a known frame construction, each holder consists of two angle elements, the frame spar facing legs are bolted to the frame rail. The assembly work for this frame construction is relatively high, due to the drilling of the screw holes and the screwing of the screws. In addition, the required accuracy today is not achieved because the screw holes are drilled by hand by means of a drill.

Es ist deshalb auch schon ein einteiliger Halter bekannt, der das Flächenelement umgreift und der mittels in Bohrungen eingesetzten Stegen an der Rahmenkonstruktion festgelegt wird. Auch der Aufwand für die Montage dieser Rahmenkonstruktion ist verhältnismäßig hoch, ebenfalls bedingt durch das Bohren der Löcher in die Rahmenholme. Darüber hinaus ist es notwendig, dass die Halter an die verschiedenen Dicken der verwendeten Flächenelemente angepasst werden. Es sind demzufolge vom Hersteller solcher Rahmenkonstruktionen unterschiedliche Halter zu liefern, so dass die Herstellung und auch die Lagerung nicht wirtschaftlich sind.It is therefore already known a one-piece holder which engages around the surface element and which is fixed by means of webs inserted in bores on the frame construction. The effort for the assembly of this frame construction is relatively high, also due to the drilling of the holes in the frame spars. In addition, it is necessary that the holders are adapted to the different thicknesses of the surface elements used. There are Consequently, from the manufacturer of such frame structures to provide different holders, so that the production and storage are not economical.

Die DE 695 29 594 T2 offenbart eine Fassade, bei der Verankerungen in einem Profil eingehakt werden, um die Platten auch im Brandfall in Position zu halten. Hierfür ist ein die Platte überlappender Arm vorgesehen.The DE 695 29 594 T2 discloses a facade in which anchors are hooked in a profile to keep the panels in position even in case of fire. For this purpose, a plate overlapping the arm is provided.

Die EP 1 327 739 offenbart ein Gebäudeelement mit Rahmenprofilen, in denen Glaselemente gehalten sind. Um die Glaselemente auch im Brandfall zu sichern, sind Befestigungselemente vorgesehen, die einen Rand der Glaselemente umgreifen. Die Befestigungselemente werden rastend in einer Schraubnut eines Rahmenprofils fixiert.The EP 1 327 739 discloses a building element with frame profiles in which glass elements are held. In order to secure the glass elements in case of fire, fasteners are provided which engage around an edge of the glass elements. The fasteners are latchingly fixed in a screw groove of a frame profile.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ausgehend von einer Rahmenkonstruktion mit zweiteiligen Haltern die Halter der Rahmenkonstruktion der eingangs näher beschriebenen Art so zu gestalten, dass auf das Bohren von Schraubenlöchern in den Rahmenholmen verzichtet werden kann, so dass die Zeit für die Montage der Rahmenkonstruktion minimiert ist und dass darüber hinaus die Halter gegenüber den Rahmenholmen exakt bzw. äußerst genau und sicher positioniert werden können.The invention has for its object, starting from a frame construction with two-part holders to make the holder of the frame structure of the type described in more detail so that can be dispensed with the drilling of screw holes in the frame spars, so that minimizes the time for mounting the frame structure is and that in addition the holder relative to the frame spars can be accurately or extremely accurately and safely positioned.

Die gestellte Aufgabe wird durch ein Bauelement mit den Merkmalen des Anspruches 1 gelöst.The stated object is achieved by a component having the features of claim 1.

Die Rahmenholme sind ohnehin mit vorzugsweise hinterschnittenen Rastnuten versehen. Diese können nun benutzt werden, um das zugewandte Winkelelement an dem Rahmenholm festzusetzen, indem der Raststeg bzw. die Raststege eine entsprechende Form aufweisen. Dadurch entfällt das Bohren von Schraubenlöchern in die Rahmenholme und auch das Eindrehen von Schrauben. Da die Winkelelemente mittels geeigneter Werkzeuge hergestellt werden, sind die fertigungsbedingten Toleranzen vernachlässigbar, so dass die Montagegenauigkeit äußerst hoch ist.The frame members are provided with preferably undercut locking grooves anyway. These can now be used to fix the facing angle element on the frame rail by the latching web or the locking webs have a corresponding shape. This eliminates the need to drill bolt holes in the frame spars and screw in screws. Since the angle elements are produced by means of suitable tools, the manufacturing tolerances are negligible, so that the mounting accuracy is extremely high.

Zur sicheren Festlegung jedes Halters ist vorgesehen, dass die Raststege des Winkelelementes form- und/oder kraftschlüssig in der jeweiligen Rastnut festgelegt sind.For secure fixing of each holder is provided that the locking webs of the angle element are positively and / or non-positively fixed in the respective locking groove.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist vorgesehen, dass jeder Halter aus einem ersten, dem jeweiligen Rahmenholm des Bauelementes zugewandten Winkelelement und einem zweiten Winkelelement besteht, und dass der dem Rahmenholm zugewandte Schenkel des ersten Winkelelementes eine Führung für das gegenüber dem ersten Winkelelement verstellbare zweite Winkelelement bildet.In a preferred embodiment, it is provided that each holder consists of a first, the respective frame spar of the component facing angle element and a second angle element, and that the frame spar facing leg of the first angle element forms a guide for the opposite the first angle element adjustable second angle element.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist bei dieser Ausführung, dass durch die Verstellbarkeit des zweiten Winkelelementes für unterschiedliche Dicken der Flächenelemente die gleichen Halter verwendet werden können. Darüber hinaus lässt sich der Abstand zwischen dem quer zu der Ebene des Bauelementes stehenden Schenkel abstandsmäßig zur Innenfläche des Flächenelementes einstellen. Die das Flächenelement umgreifenden Stege jedes Halters stehen in einem bestimmten Abstand zu der Außen- und der Innenfläche, so dass das Flächenelement durch die in die Außenschale und die Halteleiste eingesetzten Dichtungen beweglich ist.It is particularly advantageous in this embodiment that the same holder can be used by the adjustability of the second angle element for different thicknesses of the surface elements. In addition, the distance between the transverse to the plane of the component leg can be adjusted in distance to the inner surface of the surface element. The webs encompassing the surface element of each holder are at a certain distance from the outer and the inner surface, so that the surface element is movable by the seals inserted into the outer shell and the retaining strip.

Zur Anpassung an die größte und die kleinste Dicke der Flächenelemente ist vorgesehen, dass das zweite Winkelelement innerhalb des Verstellbereiches stufenlos gegenüber dem ersten Winkelelement verstellbar und in jeder Stellung arretierbar ist. Durch die stufenlose Verstellung kann nicht nur auf die unterschiedlichen Dicken der Flächenelemente Rücksicht genommen werden, sondern auch noch auf unterschiedliche Dichtungen. Das zweite Verstellelement ist so ausgelegt, dass es in jeder Stellung arretiert werden kann, ohne dass Löcher in den Rahmenholm gebohrt werden müssen.To adapt to the largest and the smallest thickness of the surface elements is provided that the second angle element is adjustable within the adjustment infinitely variable with respect to the first angle element and can be locked in any position. Due to the stepless adjustment not only the different thicknesses of the surface elements can be considered, but also on different seals. The second adjustment is designed so that it can be locked in any position without holes must be drilled in the frame spar.

Zur Arretierung des zweiten Winkelelementes ist vorgesehen, dass in dem dem Rahmenholm zugeordneten Schenkel dieses Winkelelementes eine Bohrung vorgesehen ist, in die eine Arretierschraube eingedreht ist. Die Bohrung kann im Zuge der Fertigung des Winkelelementes eingebracht werden, wobei es möglich ist, dass diese eingestanzt wird, und dass die Arretierschraube mit selbstschneidenden Gewindegängen ausgestattet ist.To lock the second angle element is provided that in the frame spar associated leg of this angle element, a bore is provided, into which a locking screw is screwed. The bore can be introduced during the manufacture of the angle element, it being possible that this is stamped, and that the locking screw is equipped with self-tapping threads.

Gemäß einer zweiten Lösung ist vorgesehen, dass das zweite Winkelelement durch Rastung arretiert ist. Dazu ist das erste Winkelelement mit einer Federzunge ausgestattet, die durch Einschnitte gebildet ist und in dem zweiten Winkelelement ist ein Langloch eingearbeitet, dessen seitliche Ränder gezahnt sind. In dieses Langloch bzw. in diese Zahnung greift das bogenförmige Ende der Federzunge ein. Sobald das bogenförmige Ende der Federzunge aus dem Langloch herausgedrückt wird, kann das zweite Winkelelement verstellt werden. Je nach der Teilung der Zahnung erfolgt die Verstellung des zweiten Winkelelementes in entsprechend kleinen Schritten.According to a second solution it is provided that the second angle element is locked by latching. For this purpose, the first angle element is equipped with a spring tongue which is formed by incisions and in the second angle element a slot is incorporated, the lateral edges are toothed. In this slot or in this toothing engages the arcuate end of the spring tongue. Once the arcuate end of the spring tongue is pushed out of the slot, the second angle element can be adjusted. Depending on the pitch of the teeth, the adjustment of the second angle element takes place in correspondingly small steps.

In vorteilhafter Weise ist vorgesehen, dass der dem Rahmenholm zugewandte Schenkel des ersten Winkelelementes mit seinem mittleren Bereich an dem Rahmenholm anliegt, und dass zur Bildung der Führung des zweiten Winkelelementes die seitlichen Bereiche gekröpft sind, so dass die äußeren Ränder des gekröpften Bereiches im Abstand zum Rahmenholm stehen. Durch diese Ausführung kann auf Distanzstücke zwischen dem ersten Winkelelement und dem Rahmenholm verzichtet werden, wodurch die Montage nur erschwert würde. Zur Führung des zweiten Winkelelementes ist vorgesehen, dass dieses seitliche Führungstaschen aufweist, die die äußeren Ränder des gekröpften Bereiches des ersten Winkelelementes umgreifen. Dadurch entsteht außerdem noch eine formschlüssige Verbindung zwischen den beiden Winkelelementen. Dabei ist es ausreichend, wenn die Führungstaschen des zweiten Winkelelementes sich über den dem Flächenelement abgewandten Endbereich erstrecken. Dadurch wird auch eine materialsparende Ausführung erreicht. Gleiches gilt, wenn der seitlich gekröpfte Bereich des dem Rahmenholm zugeordneten Schenkels des ersten Winkelelementes sich über einen Endbereich erstreckt, der dem dem Flächenelement abgewandt liegt. Dieser gekröpfte Bereich erstreckt sich etwa über die halbe Länge des dem Rahmenholm zugewandten Schenkels.In an advantageous manner, it is provided that the leg of the first angle element facing the frame spar rests against the frame spar with its central area, and that the side areas are bent to form the guide of the second angle element, so that the outer edges of the bent area are spaced apart Stand frame frame. By this design can be dispensed with spacers between the first angle element and the frame member, whereby the assembly would only be difficult. To guide the second angle element is provided that this has lateral guide pockets which engage around the outer edges of the cranked portion of the first angle element. This also creates a positive connection between the two angle elements. It is sufficient if the guide pockets of the second angle element extend beyond the surface element facing away from the end region. This also achieves a material-saving design. The same applies if the laterally bent portion of the frame spar associated leg of the first angle element extends over an end portion which faces away from the surface element. This cranked region extends approximately over half the length of the frame spar facing leg.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführung ist vorgesehen, dass das erste Winkelelement form- und/oder kraftschlüssig in wenigstens einer Längsnut des Rahmenholmes festgelegt ist. Dazu ist dieses Winkelelement an der dem Rahmenholm zugeordneten Seite mit vier ein rechtwinkliges Viereck beschreibenden Raststegen ausgestattet, die in Richtung der Rastnuten des Rahmenholmes fluchtend sowie abstandsgleich zueinander angeordnet sind. Der Abstand dieser Raststege ist an den Abstand von zwei Rastnuten angepasst. Die Raststege sind so angeordnet, dass durch die Verbindungen der einzelnen Raststege untereinander ein Viereck gebildet wird. In besonders vorteilhafter Weise sind die Raststege so angeordnet, dass zwei sich diagonal gegenüberliegende Stege geradlinig ausgebildet sind, und dass die beiden anderen sich diagonal gegenüberliegenden Raststege als Kröpfstege oder Winkelstege ausgebildet sind. Durch diese Anordnung und Gestaltung der Raststege wird erreicht, dass zunächst das erste Winkelelement gegenüber dem Rahmenholm in eine erste Schräglage gebracht wird, wobei die Kröpfstege oder Winkelstege und die geradlinigen Raststege in die Rastnuten des Rahmenholms eintauchen, dass anschließend das Winkelelement gedreht wird, so dass deren Längskanten rechtwinklig zu den Rastnuten stehen. Dabei werden die Kröpfstege unter Vorspannung über die geradlinigen Raststege in die Rastnuten gehebelt, wodurch die endgültige Stellung des Winkelelementes fixiert ist. Durch das Hebeln werden die Kröpfstege kraftvoll unter die Nutstege geklemmt, so dass eine sichere form- und kraftschlüssige Verbindung hergestellt ist. Nach dem Einsetzen der Flächenelemente wird dann das zweite Winkelelement lagegerecht zum ersten entsprechend der Dicke des Flächenelementes montiert, so dass nach Anbringung aller Halter dieses exakt fixiert ist. Da die Rastnuten in ihren Querschnitten spiegelbildlich zueinander angeordnet sind, ist vorgesehen, dass die abgewinkelten oder gekröpften Endbereiche der Winkel- oder der Kröpfstege aufeinander zugerichtet sind.In a preferred embodiment it is provided that the first angle element is positively and / or non-positively fixed in at least one longitudinal groove of the frame Holmes. For this purpose, this angle element is provided on the frame spar associated side with four rectangular squares descriptive locking webs, which are aligned in the direction of the locking grooves of the frame Holmes and equidistant from each other. The distance between these locking webs is adapted to the distance of two locking grooves. The locking webs are arranged so that a quadrangle is formed by the connections of the individual locking webs with each other. In a particularly advantageous manner, the locking webs are arranged so that two diagonally opposite webs are formed in a straight line, and that the other two diagonally opposite locking webs are formed as Kröpfstege or angle webs. By this arrangement and design of the locking webs is achieved that first the first angle member relative to the frame spar is brought into a first inclined position, wherein the Kröpfstege or angle webs and the rectilinear locking webs dive into the locking grooves of the frame spar, that then the angle element is rotated, so that whose longitudinal edges are perpendicular to the locking grooves. The Kröpfstege be levered under bias over the rectilinear locking webs in the locking grooves, whereby the final position of the angle element is fixed. By levering the Kröpfstege be powerfully clamped under the Nutstege, so that a secure positive and non-positive connection is made. After inserting the surface elements then the second angle element is positionally mounted to the first according to the thickness of the surface element mounted so that after attachment of all holders this is exactly fixed. Since the locking grooves are arranged in their cross-sections mirror images of each other, it is provided that the angled or cranked end portions of the angle or the Kröpfstege are aligned with each other.

Anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen wird die Erfindung noch näher erläutert.Reference to the accompanying drawings, the invention will be explained in more detail.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine mögliche Ausführung eines Rahmenprofils,
Figur 2
das Rahmenprofil gemäß der Figur 1 mit einem eingesetzten Flächenprofil und den Haltern,
Figur 3
eine der Figur 2 entsprechende Darstellung, jedoch in einer isometrischen Darstellung,
Figur 4a
das dem Rahmenprofil zugewandte erste Winkelelement in einer Ansicht,
Figur 4b
das Winkelelement gemäß der Figur 4a in einer isometrischen Darstellung,
Figur 4c
das Winkelelement gemäß den Figuren 4a und 4b mit Blick auf die dem Rahmenprofil zugewandte Fläche,
Figur 4d
das in zwei Rastnuten des Längsholmes eingesetzte erste Winkelelement in einer Draufsicht,
Figur 4e
das in die Rastnuten einzusetzende erste Winkelelement in einer Anfangsstellung,
Figur 4f
das zweite Winkelelement in einer isometrischen Darstellung,
Figur 4g
den aus den beiden Winkelelementen gebildeten Halter in einer isometrischen Darstellung,
Figur 4h
den aus den beiden Winkelelementen gebildeten Halter in einer Vorderansicht
Figur 5a
eine zweite Ausführung des ersten Winkelelementes in isometrischer Darstellung,
Figur 5b
eine zweite Ausführungsform des zweiten Winkelelementes in isometrischer Darstellung und
Figur 5c
den aus den beiden Winkelelementen gemäß den Figuren 5a und 5b zusammengesetzten Halter in isometrischer Darstellung.
Show it:
FIG. 1
a possible embodiment of a frame profile,
FIG. 2
the frame profile according to FIG. 1 with an inserted surface profile and the holders,
FIG. 3
one of the FIG. 2 corresponding representation, but in an isometric representation,
FIG. 4a
the frame profile facing first angle element in a view
FIG. 4b
the angle element according to the FIG. 4a in an isometric view,
Figure 4c
the angle element according to the FIGS. 4a and 4b with a view of the surface facing the frame profile,
FIG. 4d
the first angle element used in two locking grooves of the longitudinal beam in a plan view,
Figure 4e
the first angle element to be inserted into the latching grooves in an initial position,
FIG. 4f
the second angle element in an isometric view,
Figure 4g
the holder formed from the two angle elements in an isometric view,
Figure 4h
the holder formed from the two angle elements in a front view
FIG. 5a
a second embodiment of the first angle element in isometric view,
FIG. 5b
a second embodiment of the second angle element in isometric view and
FIG. 5c
from the two angle elements according to the FIGS. 5a and 5b composite holder in isometric view.

Das in der Figur 1 dargestellte Hohlprofil ist als Verbundprofil 1 ausgebildet aus dem eine Rahmenkonstruktion für Brandschutzelemente, wie beispielsweise Fenster, Türen oder Fassadenelemente gefertigt werden. Das Verbundprofil 1 besteht aus einer Außenschale 2 und einer Innenschale 3, die über zwei Isolierstege 4 zur Wärmedämmung miteinander verbunden sind. Die Außenschale 2 und die Innenschale 3 sind beispielsweise Strangpressprofile aus Aluminium. Die Isolierstege 4 bestehen üblicherweise aus einem Kunststoff. Die Außenschale 2 und die Innenschale 3 sind mit mehreren Nuten 5 - 7 versehen, die zumindest einseitig hinterschnitten sind, d.h. es erstreckt sich ein Steg in die Nut 5, 6, 7. In die Nuten 5 kann beispielsweise eine nicht dargestellte Glashalteleiste eingesetzt werden. Die Nuten 6 sind zur Aufnahme von nicht dargestellten Dichtungen vorgesehen und schließlich sind die Rastnuten 7 zur Aufnahme der noch beschriebenen Halter ausgelegt.That in the FIG. 1 illustrated hollow section is formed as a composite profile 1 from which a frame construction for fire protection elements, such as windows, doors or façade elements are made. The composite profile 1 consists of an outer shell 2 and an inner shell 3, which are connected to each other via two insulating bars 4 for thermal insulation. The outer shell 2 and the inner shell 3 are, for example, extruded aluminum. The insulating bars 4 are usually made of a plastic. The outer shell 2 and the inner shell 3 are provided with a plurality of grooves 5 - 7, which are undercut at least on one side, ie it extends a web into the groove 5, 6, 7. In the grooves 5, for example, a glass retaining strip, not shown, are used. The grooves 6 are provided for receiving seals, not shown, and finally the locking grooves 7 are designed to receive the holder described above.

Wie die Figur 2 zeigt, ist in die Außenschale 2 ein Flächenelement 10, beispielsweise in Form einer Brandschutz-Isolierglasscheibe eingesetzt. Dieses Flächenelement 10 wird durch noch näher erläuterte Halter 8 in der Rahmenkonstruktion umgriffen. Zum Halten des Flächenelementes 10 ist in die Nut 5 die Glashalteleiste 9 eingerastet. Die Glashalteleiste 9 trägt außerdem eine Dichtung 11, die der Innenseite des Flächenelementes 10 zugeordnet ist. In die Nut 6 der Außenschale 2 ist eine weitere Dichtung 12 eingesetzt, die an der Außenseite des Flächenelementes 10 anliegt.As the FIG. 2 shows, in the outer shell 2, a surface element 10, for example, used in the form of a fire-resistant insulating glass. This surface element 10 is encompassed by still further explained holder 8 in the frame construction. To hold the surface element 10, the glass retaining strip 9 is latched into the groove 5. The glass retaining strip 9 also carries a seal 11, which is associated with the inside of the surface element 10. In the groove 6 of the outer shell 2, a further seal 12 is inserted, which bears against the outside of the surface element 10.

Die Figur 3 zeigt einen an der Außenschale 2 und einen an der Innenschale 3 festgelegten Halter 8 in einer perspektivischen Darstellung. Damit der Halter 8 sichtbar wird, ist die Glashalteleiste 9 nicht gezeichnet. In nicht dargestellter Weise werden zur Sicherung des Flächenelementes 10 mehrere Halter 8 in Abständen in die Schalen 2 und 3 eingesetzt. Wie noch näher beschrieben wird, erfolgt dies schraubenlos, indem jeder Halter 8 in zwei parallel und im Abstand verlaufende Rastnuten der Schalen 2 und 3 eingerastet wird.The FIG. 3 shows a fixed to the outer shell 2 and a fixed to the inner shell 3 holder 8 in a perspective view. So that the holder 8 is visible, the glass retaining strip 9 is not drawn. In a manner not shown, a plurality of holders 8 are used at intervals in the shells 2 and 3 to secure the surface element 10. As will be described in more detail, this is done without screws by each holder 8 is engaged in two parallel and spaced locking grooves of the shells 2 and 3.

Wie die Figuren 4g und 4h zeigen, besteht jeder Halter 8 aus einem ersten Winkelelement 16 und einem zweiten Winkelelement 23, wobei das erste Winkelelement 16 eine Führung für das zweite Winkelelement 23 bildet. Dazu ist gemäß den Figuren 4a und 4b der dem Flächenelement 10 abgewandt liegende Bereich des ersten Winkelelementes 16 in den seitlichen Bereichen mit Kröpfungen versehen. Wie die Figur 4h zeigt, stehen diese gekröpften Randbereiche 22 im Abstand zu der zugewandten Fläche eines nicht dargestellten Rahmenholmes, wenn der mittlere Bereich daran anliegt. Damit das zweite Winkelelement 23 geführt wird, sind die dem Flächenelement 10 abgewandt liegenden Bereiche abgewinkelt, so dass Führungstaschen 25 entstehen. Dem ersten Winkelelement 16 sind zwei Halteschenkel 14 zugeordnet, die der Außenseite des Flächenelementes 10 zugeordnet sind. Zwischen den beiden Halteschenkeln 14 liegt eine Ausnehmung 19. Wie die Figuren 4f und 4g zeigen, ist das zweite Winkelelement 23 mit einer Bohrung 30 ausgestattet, in die eine Arretierschraube 24 eingedreht wird, um bei dieser Ausführung das zweite Winkelelement 23 gegen eine Verschiebung gegenüber dem ersten Winkelelement 16 zu verhindern. Es ergibt sich insbesondere aus der Figuren 4g und 4h, dass innerhalb des Verstellbereiches das zweite Winkelelement 23 gegenüber dem ersten Winkelelement 16 stufenlos verstellbar ist.As the Figures 4g and 4h show, each holder 8 consists of a first angle member 16 and a second angle member 23, wherein the first angle member 16 forms a guide for the second angle member 23. This is in accordance with the FIGS. 4a and 4b the surface of the element 10 facing away from the area first angle element 16 provided in the lateral areas with cranks. As the Figure 4h shows, these cranked edge regions 22 are at a distance from the facing surface of a frame spar, not shown, when the central region is applied thereto. So that the second angle element 23 is guided, the areas facing away from the surface element 10 are angled so that guide pockets 25 are formed. The first angle element 16 is associated with two holding legs 14, which are associated with the outside of the surface element 10. Between the two retaining legs 14 is a recess 19. Like the Figures 4f and 4g show, the second angle member 23 is provided with a bore 30 into which a locking screw 24 is screwed to prevent in this embodiment, the second angle member 23 against displacement relative to the first angle member 16. It results in particular from the Figures 4g and 4h in that, within the adjustment range, the second angle element 23 is infinitely variable with respect to the first angle element 16.

Um die Wärmeleitung des Halters 8 zu minimieren, sind Aussparungen 20 und Bohrungen 21 zur Querschnittsverringerung vorgesehen.
Wie die Figuren 4b und 4c zeigen, ist das erste Winkelelement 16 mit vier Raststegen 17, 18 ausgestattet, die ein Viereck beschreiben, d.h., die Abstände zwischen den Raststegen 17 und 18 entsprechen dem Abstand zwischen zwei den Rastnuten 7 des Rahmenholmes. Wie insbesondere die Figur 4c zeigt, sind die sich diagonal gegenüberliegenden Rastzapfen 17 geradlinig ausgebildet, während die sich ebenfalls diagonal gegenüberliegenden Raststege 18 abgewinkelt oder gekröpft sind. Nachdem das zweite Winkelelement 23 auf das erste Winkelelement 16 aufgeschoben wurde, wird gemäß der Figur 4e das erste Winkelelement 16 in eine Schräglage zu den beiden parallel und im Abstand zueinander verlaufenden Rastnuten 7 gebracht. Die Raststege 17 und 18 treten dann in die Nuten 7 ein. Anschließend wird gemäß der Darstellung nach der Figur 4d das erste Winkelelement 16 entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn gedreht, so dass sich die geradlinigen Raststege 17 in den Rastnuten 7 abstützen und die Raststege 18 unter die Nutstege 32 gehebelt werden, so dass der Halter 8 klemmend form- und kraftschlüssig fixiert ist.In order to minimize the heat conduction of the holder 8, recesses 20 and holes 21 for reducing the cross-section are provided.
As the Figures 4b and 4c show, the first angle member 16 is equipped with four locking webs 17, 18 which describe a quadrangle, ie, the distances between the locking webs 17 and 18 correspond to the distance between two the locking grooves 7 of the frame Holmes. How the particular Figure 4c shows, the diagonally opposite latching pins 17 are formed in a straight line, while the likewise diagonally opposite latching webs 18 are angled or cranked. After the second angle element 23 has been pushed onto the first angle element 16, according to the Figure 4e brought the first angle member 16 in an inclined position to the two parallel and spaced locking grooves 7. The locking webs 17 and 18 then enter into the grooves 7 a. Subsequently, as shown in FIG FIG. 4d the first angle member 16 is rotated counterclockwise, so that the rectilinear locking webs 17 are supported in the locking grooves 7 and the locking webs 18 are levered under the Nutstege 32, so that the holder 8 is clamped positively and non-positively fixed.

Die Figuren 5a - 5c zeigen eine Variante des Halters. Der Grundaufbau ist gleich, jedoch erfolgt die Arretierung des zweiten Winkelelementes 28 durch Rastung. Danach ist das erste Winkelelement 26 mit einer Federzunge 27 ausgestattet, die durch Einschnitte gebildet ist. Das bewegliche Ende der Federzunge 27 ist bogenförmig ausgebildet. In dem zweiten Winkelelement 28 ist ein Langloch 29 lagegerecht eingearbeitet, dessen seitliche Ränder gezahnt sind. In diese Zahnung greift das bogenförmige Ende der Federzunge 27 ein, wie aus der Figur 5c ersichtlich. Je nach der Teilung der Zahnung erfolgt die Verstellung des zweiten Winkelelementes 28 nunmehr in entsprechend kleinen Stufen. Zum Verstellen muss das abgebogene Ende der Federzunge 27 außer Eingriff mit der Verzahnung gebracht werden. Der Vorteil dieser Ausführung liegt darin, dass auf eine Schraube 24 verzichtet werden kann.The FIGS. 5a-5c show a variant of the holder. The basic structure is the same, but the locking of the second angle element 28 takes place by latching. Thereafter, the first angle member 26 is provided with a spring tongue 27 which is formed by incisions. The movable end of the spring tongue 27 is arcuate. In the second angle element 28 a slot 29 is incorporated in a correct position, the lateral edges are toothed. In this toothing engages the arcuate end of the spring tongue 27, as shown in FIG. 5c seen. Depending on the pitch of the toothing adjustment of the second angle element 28 is now in accordance with small steps. To adjust the bent end of the spring tongue 27 must be disengaged from the teeth. The advantage of this design is that it can be dispensed with a screw 24.

Die Erfindung ist nicht auf die dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiele beschränkt. Vorteilhaft ist aber, wenn der Halter 8 aus zwei Winkelementen 16, 23, 26, 28 gebildet ist, und dass das erste, dem Rahmenholm zugewandte Winkelelement 16, 26 mit Raststegen 17, 18 versehen ist, so dass dieses in Rastnuten 7 des Rahmenprofils form- und/oder kraftschlüssig festlegbar ist. Darüber hinaus ist von Bedeutung, dass das zweite Winkelelement 23, 28 stufenlos oder in relativ kleinen Stufen gegenüber dem ersten Winkelelement 16, 26 verstellbar ist.The invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. It is advantageous, however, if the holder 8 is formed from two angle elements 16, 23, 26, 28, and that the first, the frame spar facing angle element 16, 26 is provided with locking webs 17, 18, so that this form in locking grooves 7 of the frame profile - And / or non-positively fixed. In addition, it is important that the second angle element 23, 28 is infinitely variable or in relatively small steps relative to the first angle element 16, 26 adjustable.

Claims (12)

  1. Structural element of fire-resistant design, comprising a frame construction with frame members and having a planar element (10), wherein the frame members are provided with locking grooves (7) in which holders (8) are inserted for securing the planar element (10), wherein each holder (8) is composed of at least one angle element (16, 26) formed in such a way that two limbs of the holder (8) engage around the planar element (10), and the limbs of the angle elements (16, 26) directed towards the frame members have at least one angled locking web (18) engaging in at least one locking groove (7) of the frame member, characterized in that the angle element (16) can be brought to an inclined position with respect to two parallel locking grooves (7) extending at a distance from each other and is rotatable such that the locking webs (18) are levered under groove webs (32), and the holder (8) is fixed by form-fit and force-fit clamping.
  2. Structural element according to Claim 1, characterized in that each holder (8) is composed of a first angle element (16), directed towards the respective frame member of the structural element, and of a second angle element (23), and in that the limb of the first angle element (16) directed towards the frame member forms a guide for the second angle element (23) adjustable with respect to the first angle element (16).
  3. Structural element according to Claim 2, characterized in that the second angle element (23) is steplessly adjustable, within the adjustment range, in relation to the first angle element (16) and is lockable in each position.
  4. Structural element according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that a bore (30) is provided in the limb of the second angle element (23) assigned to the frame member, into which bore (30) a locking screw (24) is turned.
  5. Structural element according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the first angle element (26) is equipped with a spring tongue (27) formed by incisions, and in that an oblong hole (29), of which the lateral edges are toothed, is worked into the second angle element (28) at a suitable position.
  6. Structural element according to one or more of Claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the limb of the first angle element (16, 26) directed towards the frame member bears with its middle area on the frame member, and in that, in order to form the guide for the second angle element (23, 28), the lateral areas (22) are flanged such that their outer edges are spaced apart from the frame member.
  7. Structural element according to Claim 6, characterized in that the second angle element (23, 28) has lateral guide pockets (25), which engage around the outer edges of the flanged areas (22) of the first angle element (16, 26).
  8. Structural element according to Claim 7, characterized in that the guide pockets (25) extend across the end area directed away from the planar element (10).
  9. Structural element according to one or more of Claims 6 to 8, characterized in that each laterally flanged edge area (22) of the limb of the first angle element (16, 26) assigned to the frame member extends across an end area that lies away from the planar element (10).
  10. Structural element according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the first angle element (16, 26), on the side assigned to the frame member, is equipped with four locking webs (17, 18), which describe a right-angled polygon and which are arranged in the locking grooves (7) of the frame member so as to be aligned with and at a uniform distance from one another.
  11. Structural element according to Claim 10, characterized in that two diagonally opposite webs (17) are formed rectilinearly, and in that the two other diagonally opposite locking webs are designed as flanged webs or angled webs (18).
  12. Structural element according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the end areas of the flanged webs or of the angled webs (18) are directed towards each other.
EP07104322.8A 2006-03-21 2007-03-16 Frame construction Active EP1840315B2 (en)

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PL17155066T PL3196396T3 (en) 2006-03-21 2007-03-16 Construction element with fire protection
EP17155066.8A EP3196396B1 (en) 2006-03-21 2007-03-16 Construction element with fire protection

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE202006004606U DE202006004606U1 (en) 2006-03-21 2006-03-21 frame construction

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EP17155066.8A Division EP3196396B1 (en) 2006-03-21 2007-03-16 Construction element with fire protection

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EP1840315A2 EP1840315A2 (en) 2007-10-03
EP1840315A3 EP1840315A3 (en) 2014-03-12
EP1840315B1 true EP1840315B1 (en) 2017-04-19
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DE102012004297B4 (en) 2012-03-01 2019-01-10 Hueck Gmbh & Co. Kg Profile arrangement and frame construction
GB2563898A (en) * 2017-06-29 2019-01-02 Vkr Holding As Window mounting
CN107905704A (en) * 2017-12-16 2018-04-13 重庆美心贝斯特门业股份有限公司 One kind fire prevention sash
DE102018107687A1 (en) 2018-03-29 2019-10-24 SCHÜCO International KG Component in fire protection design and method for mounting a component in fire protection design
DE102018007897A1 (en) * 2018-10-06 2020-04-09 Hydro Extruded Solutions As Frame element
BE1027713B1 (en) * 2019-10-25 2021-05-27 Reynaers Aluminium Nv Fire-resistant panel construction for buildings and fire-resistant glass clamp applied
DE102019133839A1 (en) * 2019-12-10 2021-06-10 SCHÜCO International KG Building element in fire protection design and method for assembling a building element

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PL1840315T3 (en) 2017-09-29
EP1840315B2 (en) 2023-02-15
EP3196396A1 (en) 2017-07-26
DE202006004606U1 (en) 2006-06-08
EP1840315A2 (en) 2007-10-03
EP3196396B1 (en) 2018-08-15
PL3196396T3 (en) 2019-01-31
EP1840315A3 (en) 2014-03-12
PL1840315T5 (en) 2023-05-29

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