EP1833661A1 - Method of producing a rough composite elongated element and rough composite elongated element thus produced - Google Patents

Method of producing a rough composite elongated element and rough composite elongated element thus produced

Info

Publication number
EP1833661A1
EP1833661A1 EP05819003A EP05819003A EP1833661A1 EP 1833661 A1 EP1833661 A1 EP 1833661A1 EP 05819003 A EP05819003 A EP 05819003A EP 05819003 A EP05819003 A EP 05819003A EP 1833661 A1 EP1833661 A1 EP 1833661A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
rough
composite
rod
mixture
filaments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05819003A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Christophe Ducret
Gérard Tardy
Gilbert Dufayard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Saint Gobain Adfors SAS
Original Assignee
Saint Gobain Vetrotex France SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Saint Gobain Vetrotex France SA filed Critical Saint Gobain Vetrotex France SA
Publication of EP1833661A1 publication Critical patent/EP1833661A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C48/00—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor
    • B29C48/15—Extrusion moulding, i.e. expressing the moulding material through a die or nozzle which imparts the desired form; Apparatus therefor incorporating preformed parts or layers, e.g. extrusion moulding around inserts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
    • B29C70/525—Component parts, details or accessories; Auxiliary operations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
    • B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
    • B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
    • B29C70/40—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied
    • B29C70/50—Shaping or impregnating by compression not applied for producing articles of indefinite length, e.g. prepregs, sheet moulding compounds [SMC] or cross moulding compounds [XMC]
    • B29C70/52—Pultrusion, i.e. forming and compressing by continuously pulling through a die
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
    • C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
    • C04B32/00—Artificial stone not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • C04B32/02—Artificial stone not provided for in other groups of this subclass with reinforcements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/07—Reinforcing elements of material other than metal, e.g. of glass, of plastics, or not exclusively made of metal
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2915—Rod, strand, filament or fiber including textile, cloth or fabric

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of reinforcement and more particularly relates to a method of manufacturing a rough composite elongated element and to a rough elongated composite element that can be obtained by such a method.
  • a reinforcement element (rebar in English) known from concrete is steel and in the form of a bar used as reinforcement or in the form of rods to limit the propagation of microcracks likely to form in case of solicitations and bring additional ductility.
  • a composite rebar is an economic asset due to the absence of deterioration of mixing and dosing facilities, with the increasing cost of traditionally used metal rebars.
  • a composite rebar also has a lower density, closer to that of concrete.
  • JP2003335559 discloses a composite rod combining a thermoplastic polymeric matrix and glass son. This rod also has an irregular surface to promote attachment in the concrete.
  • This irregular surface is obtained by passing a composite rod in a die having a suitable pattern for this purpose.
  • This manufacturing process lacks flexibility in that it requires the use of as many dies of complex shapes as desired types of roughness.
  • the invention aims to provide composite reinforcement elements of any size, any profile, and in particular of modular surface roughness and whose manufacture is easy and / or fast as well as economically industrial.
  • the invention will be described more particularly for the reinforcement of hydraulic setting matrices or cementitious materials (cement, concrete, mortar, gypsum, compounds formed by reacting lime, silica and water, etc.), and especially concretes. , but the invention is not limited to this type of material, for example one can envisage a reinforcement of organic material.
  • the invention proposes a method for manufacturing a rough composite elongate element in which:
  • a substantially solid rod based on an organic material and reinforcing threads and a mixture comprising a molten thermoplastic and at least one of the following constituents are introduced simultaneously into a sheathing device; a reinforcement and a load, the rod being pulled by a traction means downstream of the cladding device,
  • the rod is sheathed by forming a layer of the adhesive adhering to the rod, the roughness of the sheath thus formed being created by the output of the wrapped ring of the cladding device.
  • the method according to the invention thus provides a simple method of obtaining roughness by a suitable cladding of a rod.
  • the importance and the regularity of the roughness are influenced by the choice of the mixture and in particular by the following parameters:
  • Some reinforcements or fillers for example fibers and / or individual filaments, can contribute alone (that is to say whatever the formation conditions of the layer according to the invention) to obtain the roughness.
  • thermoplastic material in the present invention is meant by reinforcement any product neither soluble nor miscible which, mixed with the thermoplastic material, makes it possible to improve one or more properties or characteristics (electrical, mechanical, chemical properties, etc.).
  • the reinforcements can be of variable chemical nature (organic or mineral). Their geometry can also be variable:
  • lamellar for example talc with a ratio of form equal to 10,
  • - acicular for example a wollastonite with a ratio of form equal to 10 - 20.
  • Charge is a relatively inert solid material for modifying its stability, or reducing its cost.
  • reinforcement yarn is meant any yarn or fiber capable of improving the mechanical properties of the element.
  • the sheath may have smooth or slightly rough areas alternating with very rough areas.
  • the method according to the invention is suitable for rods of any shape for example circular, elliptical, triangular, square, star, multilobe, regular or irregular polygon.
  • the ring may also be of rectangular shape, and more generally form a profile (T, U ).
  • the ring can also be twisted which allows if necessary is to more easily conform the ring (for example formation of a composite frame for example).
  • the ring is for example pultruded.
  • the roughness can be carried out according to the method according to the invention for any shape and any size of composite element.
  • the production of the sheath and the formation of the ring are for example carried out continuously.
  • the layer covers the whole of the ring but it is also possible to design a partial cladding, the ring being exposed on one or more or even asymmetrical lengths, the ring being exposed over part of the circumference.
  • said mixture being in pressure during the formation of said layer, the pressure is adjusted according to said constituents and from at least one of the following parameters: the feed rate of said mixture, the pulling speed of said rod, the dimensioning of the formation area of the cladding layer, the size of the outlet opening of the cladding device.
  • the relaxation of the layer causes its burst, contributing or sufficient to give a rough appearance to the layer.
  • a sufficient pressure level is particularly important to obtain an optimal roughness when the form factor of the constituents (reinforcements and / or loads) is low.
  • the constituents are of filamentary type, such as glass filaments, the surface roughness is obtained for any pressure value, even a small one.
  • the relaxation can be obtained by choosing the operating conditions. By adjusting the traction speed, the degree of entrainment of the mixture by the ring is chosen.
  • the amount of mixture deposited on the rod is mainly influenced by the flow rate given at the feed means - typically an extruder - for a given cladding device. We play for example on the rotation of the screw. It is also possible to choose the characteristics of the sheathing device, in particular the geometry and the dimensions of the supply channel or channels.
  • the size of the outlet opening of the device is preferably chosen slightly greater than the transverse dimension of the ring.
  • the difference is to be adjusted according to the level of desired roughness and / or the desired thickness. For example we choose an opening having between one tenth to five tenths of an mm more.
  • the sheath may have smooth or slightly rough areas alternating with very rough areas.
  • the roughness can vary by modifying the operating conditions, for example by simple manual adjustment or by automatic control of flow rates and the pulling speed of the rod.
  • the inlet opening of the cladding device - which is for example a die - is shaped to fit the shape of the rod.
  • the layer adheres to the rod.
  • the same or similar organic materials for the rod and the layer are preferably chosen, or at least made chemically compatible, so as to be intimately linked to form a continuous interface guaranteeing perennial mechanical properties.
  • the rod can be a rigid rod made of a thermosetting organic material having undergone a surface treatment to promote adhesion (flaming, microabrasion ...) on the rod or a rod during polymerization. It is possible to choose, for example, vinylesters which are particularly resistant to corrosion, or polyesters, phenolics, epoxides and acrylics.
  • thermoplastic organic material is selected for the rod because of its ease of implementation, the absence of solvent emission or chemical reaction, and the competitive production rate.
  • the viscosity is "fixed" (due to the choice of sheathing material) and can be modified to a certain extent depending on the setting of the temperature profile. If this viscosity is too high, the ring will have difficulty in driving the sheath, and conversely, if the material is too fluid, it will have trouble staying on the ring, so to keep a sheath of "constant geometry" (the product flowing by gravity).
  • the temperatures of the rod and the cladding material are adjusted so that there is a chemical grip (polyfusion of the two components resulting in continuity of the interface) in addition to the mechanical grip .
  • the rough sheath can freeze in the open air.
  • the rough wrapped ring can preferably be cooled to speed up the production.
  • a polyolefin in particular polyethylene or polypropylene, or polyamide, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, ABS, polybutylene terephthalate or ethylene (PET), polycarbonate, polyurethane or polyureas ( TPU).
  • the organic materials are based on polyolefin such as polyprolylene which has multiple advantages including resistance to the alkaline medium - due to its chemical inertness -, ease of implementation and low cost.
  • polyolefin such as polyprolylene which has multiple advantages including resistance to the alkaline medium - due to its chemical inertness -, ease of implementation and low cost.
  • the reinforcement may comprise filaments dispersed in the melt.
  • the reinforcement may be mineral and / or organic for example glass, aramid, graphite, carbon or combinations of these types of reinforcements.
  • the filaments comprise alkali resistant glass filaments.
  • the alkali-resistant glass (commonly called AR glass) is particularly advantageous to give the guarantee of durability of performance in environments to reinforce very alkaline such as concrete. Indeed, the characteristics of the glasses conventionally used (glass E for example) or glass S, for the reinforcement of organic resin degrade quite rapidly by diffusion of the corrosive solution into the medium to be reinforced.
  • AR glass usually contains zirconium oxide ZrO 2 .
  • These yarns may be chosen from all existing "alkali-resistant" glass yarns (such as those described in patents GB 1,290,528, US Pat. No. 4,345,037, US Pat. No. 4,036,654, US Pat. No. 4,014,705 and US Pat. etc.) and preferably comprise at least 5 mol% ZrO 2 .
  • the constituent glass of the son comprises SiO 2 , ZrO 2 and at least one alkaline oxide, preferably Na 2 O, as main constituents.
  • An alkali-resistant glass composition particularly used to produce the glass strands according to the invention is the composition described in GB Patent 1,290,528, mainly composed of the following components in the proportions expressed in molar percentages: 62-75% SiO 2 ; 7-1% ZrO 2 ; 13-23% R 2 O; 1 -10% R'O; 0-4% AI 2 O 3 ; 0-6% B 2 O 3 ; 0-5% Fe 2 O 3 ; 0-2% CaF 2 ; 0-4% TiO 2 ; R 2 O representing one or more alkaline oxide (s), preferably Na 2 O and optionally Li 2 O and / or K 2 O, and R 1 O being one or more components selected from alkaline earth oxides, ZnO and MnO.
  • alkaline oxide preferably Na 2 O and optionally Li 2 O and / or K 2 O
  • R 1 O being one or more components selected from alkaline earth oxides, ZnO and MnO.
  • the composite elongated element is likely to be used in another corrosive medium humid environment, acid medium, saline, ...
  • the reinforcing threads used may be of mineral and / or organic material, for example glass, aramid, graphite, carbon or combinations of these fibers.
  • the reinforcing threads are, for example, multifilament glass threads.
  • manufacture of glass threads is as follows: molten glass threads are stretched mechanically (at speeds of several meters to tens of meters per second) in the form of one or more plies of filaments continuous - for example 800 to 4000 filaments- from the orifices of one or more dies, then the filaments (with a diameter of between 10 to 30 ⁇ m) are coated with a sizing composition before being collected in one or more several sons.
  • This size allows optimum coupling between the thermoplastic or thermosetting organic matrix and the AR glass wire and ensures mechanical performance over time. It is possible to use a size combining silanes and polymers that are compatible with the matrix to be reinforced, and for example one of the sizes described in the patent application FR2837818.
  • the ring can be made of glass E and the rough glass sheath AR.
  • the reinforcing yarns comprise strong alkali glass filaments and / or resistant alkali glass yarns.
  • reinforcements - for example individual filaments and / or fibers - and / or fillers as well as solid organic material can be inserted simultaneously into an extruder.
  • At least a portion of said mixture may be prepared by unwinding coiled multifilament yarns, cutting said yarns to form fibers, and dispersing said fibers in said thermoplastic material in an extruder feeding the cladding device.
  • This process can be carried out continuously, and using one or more coils or cakes carrying separate or unassembled son or not, and preferably glass.
  • the filaments of each fiber disintegrate. You can choose a bi-screw extruder (rotary, co-rotating).
  • At least a part of said mixture can be prepared by incorporating into an extruder feeding the sheathing device, at least one compound comprising filaments and said thermoplastic material (granulate, ready-to-use compound, multi-strength components
  • Short filaments can be used, preferably between 5 and 50% by weight of the filament mixture, more preferably between 20 and 30%.
  • short filaments are understood to mean filaments of average length less than or equal to 0.5 mm. They are found, for example, in commercial composite granules, their length generally being between 0.2 and 0.3 mm in these granules. The distribution of these filaments in the organic material is generally isotropic.
  • these short filaments dispersed in the melt may have an average length similar to the starting filaments even if the mixing is performed by an extruder. It is also possible to use long filaments, preferably between 5 and 40% of filaments by weight of the mixture, more preferably between 10 and 30%.
  • long filaments are understood to mean filaments of average length greater than 0.5 mm. They are found for example in commercial long fiber composite granules (GFL type), their length is for example equal to 12 mm in these granules. The distribution of these filaments in the organic material is unidirectional.
  • the length distribution is for example between 0.5 and 5 mm (measurable after calcination of the product).
  • a coupling agent for example a polypropylene grafted with polar groups, for example maleic anhydride.
  • the filaments of the sheath are not necessarily oriented substantially perpendicular to the axis of the ring.
  • Talc can also be used (alternately or in combination with filaments). This type of element gives a "bulleted” or bloated appearance.
  • fillers preferably mineral, and between 5 and 50% by weight of the mixture, in particular crushed glass or glass flakes.
  • the method may comprise a step of forming the rod including the introduction of a sheet of reinforcing son associated with the organic material in a shaping device so as to obtain said ring constituted by the contiguous approach of the son forming a transverse continuity .
  • the ring forming step can contain the following operations:
  • composite yarns formed of continuous filaments of glass and of the thermoplastic chosen organic material co-mixed with each other in the form of at least one sheet are drawn and gathered together in parallel,
  • the sheet is penetrated into an area where it is heated to a temperature reaching at least that of melting the thermoplastic organic material
  • the web is passed through an impregnation device, while maintaining its temperature at a temperature of malleability of the thermoplastic organic material, so as to distribute in a homogeneous manner the molten thermoplastic organic material and impregnating the filaments therewith.
  • thermoplastic content
  • the manufacturing device may comprise in line termination, a cutting tool, such as a shear, for cutting the stiffened rigid sheathed rod.
  • the invention also proposes a rough composite elongated element comprising a core based on an organic material and reinforcing threads and which is coated with a rough sheath based on a thermoplastic material and at least one of the constituents following: a reinforcement and a load, said element being obtainable by the method as defined above.
  • the products according to the invention in fact have sheaths with novel reliefs especially particularly effective for reinforcement.
  • the rough sheath according to the invention may be substantially homogeneous in its thickness, and in particular be obtained from a substantially uniform mixture of the thermoplastic material and the other reinforcing component (s) and / or filler (s). ).
  • the element according to the invention may be a rod, typically of length between 10 to 80 mm, of total diameter less than or equal to 3 mm. Such a stick makes it possible to avoid a sudden collapse of cracked reinforced concrete by favoring local and progressive breaks.
  • the element according to the invention may also be a reinforcement typically having a total diameter of between 6 and 20 mm.
  • Its section may be substantially bone-shaped i.e. a flat central portion and two rounded lateral ends to enhance rigidity in the desired directions.
  • This reinforcement can also be curved, of variable section along its axis, with distorted longitudinal ends (hooks ).
  • the element can also be used to repair existing structures.
  • the roughness of the sheath can represent up to 25% of the thickness of the rod (diameter in the case of a cylindrical symmetry). It is preferably less than 3 mm, to keep a sufficient grip between the rod and the concrete and even more preferably between 0.2 mm and 1 mm.
  • the glass content by weight in the core may be greater than or equal to 30%, preferably greater than or equal to 60%.
  • the glass content by weight in the sheath can be between 5 and 50%, for example between 15 and 35%.
  • the rough sheath may have a fluffy appearance while remaining rough to the touch.
  • the maximum amplitude of the roughness may preferably be from 0.2 m to 1 mm.
  • the reinforcement may comprise filaments with a length distribution of between 0.5 and 5 mm, centered for example on 2 mm.
  • the reinforcement may comprise filaments with an average length of between 0.2 and 0.5 mm.
  • the appearance is then granular: the surface seems covered with small grains, these grains being in reality filaments.
  • the surface is rough to the touch.
  • the maximum amplitude of the roughness is then from 0.05 mm to 1 mm, preferably from 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
  • the reinforcement may also include talc.
  • the rough sheath may have beads, thus presenting a puffy appearance.
  • Each bead can be an elongated bulge of smooth aspect of the width of the order of mm and height of up to a few mm.
  • the invention further provides a hydraulic binder matrix incorporating the element obtainable by the method as described above.
  • Suitable hydraulic setting binders are to be understood as materials which contain an inorganic cement and / or an inorganic binder or adhesive which hardens by hydration.
  • Particularly suitable binders which cure by hydration include, for example, Portland cement, high alumina cement, iron Portland cement, trass cement, slag cement, plaster, calcium silicates formed by autoclave treatment and particular binder combinations.
  • the quantity of elements according to the invention can be for example between 5 and 50 kg / m 3 of concrete.
  • the incorporation can be carried out in shotcrete installations (slabs, walls, etc.) containing for example a mixture of the elements according to the invention with fibers and / or filaments of resistant alkali glass and / or anti-corrosion fibers.
  • cracking including high performance type (HP) or high dispersion (HD) - which are sold by the company VETROTEX - or polypropylene fibers or phenolic fibers.
  • the invention also relates to any element based on a matrix with hydraulic binder reinforced with the rough composite element as defined above.
  • It may be an element used in the structure or decoration of a building, or for slabs, walls, overhanging structures, cornices.
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic profile view of a device for manufacturing a rough composite elongated element in a first embodiment of the invention
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 are views of the shaping and cladding devices of the device of FIG. 1,
  • FIGS. 5 to 8b show three elongate rough composite elements according to the invention obtained from the implementation of the method according to the invention, with the aid of the device of FIG.
  • FIG. 9 shows the evolution of the force (in N) as a function of the displacement of the cross member for beams with a smooth composite elongated element or a rough composite elongated element according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 represents a schematic side view of a device for manufacturing a rough composite elongated element in a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the device 1 visible in FIG. 1 allows the manufacture of a rough composite elongated element 10 according to the invention which comprises:
  • a core for example of circular shape, based on reinforcing threads arranged in parallel and contiguous manner against each other and joined together by an organic material preferably thermoplastic,
  • thermoplastic material preferably polyprolylene
  • reinforcements glass filaments AR preferably and / or talc and / or fillers
  • the core can be obtained from composite yarns consisting of continuous glass filaments (preferably AR) and continuous filaments of a thermoplastic organic material, preferably polypropylene, intimately intertwined with each other.
  • Each composite yarn is for example manufactured according to the process described in patent EP0599695.
  • the composite yarns preferably comprise at least 60% glass by weight, for example 75%.
  • the manufacturing device 1 comprises, in the form of a line and upstream downstream, a creel 20 provided with a plurality of coils 2 constituted by winding of wire 11, a eyelet plate 30, a device for regulating the tension of the yarns 40, a comb 50, possibly an anti-static electricity device 60, a furnace 70, an impregnating device 80, a shaping device 100, in particular a die, a sheathing device, in particular a die 200, an extruder, a 110 cooling tank and a tracked draw bench 120.
  • the creel 20 is intended to unwind or unwind the wire 11 of each coil 2. It may be for example of the unwinding type and consist of a frame provided with horizontal rotary axes 21 which each support a coil 2.
  • the eyelet plate 30 is located in a vertical plane and parallel to the rotary axes 21 of the creel. It allows to group the son 1 1, each through an eyelet to be guided to the voltage regulator 40 at an angle adapted to the desired voltage.
  • the eyelets are in a known manner ceramic material to prevent damage to the son during their passage through them.
  • the voltage regulating device 40 is associated with the eyelet plate 30. It comprises a series of cylindrical rods 41 staggered one above the other and on and under which the threads 1 1 come from the plate eyelets 30 so as to draw identical sinusoids whose amplitude affects the tension of the son.
  • the bars are adjustable in height in order to be able to modify the amplitude of the sinusoids which, by its increase, imposes an additional tension on the wires.
  • the bars are advantageously made of brass or ceramic material to limit the static electricity phenomena induced by the friction of the son.
  • a comb 50 At the outlet of the device 40 is arranged a comb 50 whose teeth group and parallel align the son 1 1 in a regular space to obtain a web 12 in the manner of son bundles.
  • an electrical device 60 used to annihilate any static electricity which could be charged the son 11 so as to avoid the expansion of said son that could otherwise cause their degradation in the furnace 70.
  • the oven 70 is an infrared oven. It could as well be a furnace operating by convection hot air.
  • the heating of the sheet 12 by passing through the furnace 70 takes place at a temperature such that, when it leaves the furnace, the sheet has a temperature sufficient to reach the melting point of the thermoplastic of the wires 1 1. , sticks and drowns in the continuous glass filaments of the entire web 12.
  • the oven 70 may consist of two successive furnaces (or more): a first furnace, upstream of the second with respect to the direction of travel.
  • the first furnace serves to heat the web 12 as described above
  • the second furnace has the function of keeping the temperature above the melting temperature and increasing the production speed.
  • an impregnating device 80 which flattens the ply 12, to distribute homogeneously over the width of the ply the molten thermoplastic, and to ensure the complete impregnation of the glass filaments by the thermoplastic.
  • the impregnating device 80 consists of three members arranged in a triangle between which the web 12 circulates.
  • the members may be constituted by fixed bars whose spacing is adjusted to adjust the pressure required for impregnation. The bars are heated.
  • the upper cylinder is adjustable in height to establish a sufficient pressure on the sheet 12 so as to ensure the impregnation of the glass by the thermoplastic.
  • a shaping device 100 which may comprise a die of calibrated cross-section suitable for shaping the web to the desired shape and dimensions for the core. Several channels can also be used.
  • the orifice of the die may be substantially circular to form a core rod, or more complex shape to form a core shaped according to a particular profile.
  • the orifice of the die may be of any other shape, for example rectangular to form a ribbon.
  • the orifice of the die is advantageously made in a removable part which is fixed on a fixed support, which allows easy cleaning and replacement.
  • the die is advantageously heated to maintain the shaping surfaces at a temperature close to the melting point or the malleable temperature of the thermoplastic of the web.
  • heating is used by one or more electric resistance heating collars enclosing one or more zones of the die.
  • Figures 2 and 3 show the shaping device 100 consisting of a die.
  • the latter comprises a substantially cylindrical body 105 comprising a wide opening 107 upstream, through which is introduced the ply 12, a conical cavity 106 and whose height decreases to the desired diameter of the rod (rod) to form, and downstream , a circular opening cavity 108 for example 5 to 20 mm in length through which the rod 13 formed.
  • a portion of the substantially cylindrical body 105 is disposed in a heating body 109.
  • the heating may in particular be provided by electrical resistances in the form of heating belts arranged around of the heating body 109.
  • the purpose of the device 100 is to transform the sheet 12 into a rod 13 of constant diameter (rod) constituted by the contiguous approach of the wires 1 1 to achieve a transverse continuity of said ring.
  • the device 100 concentrates the web around the central axis of the line to reduce its width which has been increased during its passage in the impregnating device 80, and the refocused with respect to the central axis of the line of manufacture to guide the rod suitably downstream.
  • This cladding device 200 is a die fed on the one hand by the rod 13 obtained as described above, and on the other hand by means 300, in particular an extruder known to those skilled in the art, which brings under pressure a mixture based on a molten thermoplastic organic material (for example polypropylene) and fillers and / or reinforcements, for example cut filaments of AR glass.
  • a molten thermoplastic organic material for example polypropylene
  • fillers and / or reinforcements for example cut filaments of AR glass.
  • Figure 4 shows a partially exploded section of this cladding device 200, shown in perspective. The cut is made perpendicularly to the central plane of the rod 13, and in the direction of the scrolling rod 13. The exploded portion allows to display the means 300 to bring the mixture 15 and the course of the latter 15 in the cladding device 200.
  • the cladding device 200 comprises an inlet 201 for a rod 13, introduced in the direction of the arrow F1 and an inlet 211 for the mixture 15 introduced in the direction of the arrow F2.
  • the rod 13 runs in a cavity 202 to end in a through cavity 203, typically of length between 5 and 20 mm leading to the outlet 204.
  • the mixture travels through channels 212, 213 located away from cavity 202. These channels are intended to feed mixture 203 into cavity 203 from several sides.
  • the channels 212, 213 comprise for example shrinks 214, 215 to open into channels 216, 217 with a lower section than the channels 212, 213 and open into the cavity 203. This creates overpressures of the mixture 15 promoting an intimate contact between the mixture 15 and the rod 13, while avoiding upstream displacement of the mixture at the inlet of cladding die. The overpressure of such a mixture further contributes to the creation of the roughness of the sheath 141 right out of the device.
  • the cavity 203 can be designed so that the mixture 15 converges homogeneously in all directions around the rod 13. To obtain this function, it is possible to use a frustoconical guide 220 comprising inclined walls 218, 219 located around the cavity 202.
  • the supply can be made by a single side when an asymmetrical element is desired.
  • the position of the extrusion device 300 represented here at the head of a square is in no way limiting: in fact it can be located in any position around the axis of travel of the rod 13.
  • the final cooling of the rough sheathed rod 14 is achieved by means of the cooling tank 1 10, in particular water, in which passes the wrapped rush ring 14 during its scrolling.
  • the tank 1 10 may include means for spraying the cooling liquid on the rough wrapped rod 14.
  • thermoplastic sheath material 141 freezes the desired rough sheath 16 and the thermoplastic material of the core for joining the fibers together and the connection of the fibrous reinforcements to the sheath.
  • a crawler draw bench 120 which constitutes in a known manner a means for driving the son and the rod, exerting a tensile force along the line. It imposes the speed of feeding and traction of the web then the rod 13.
  • the manufacturing device can comprise in line termination, a shear or saw (not shown) for cutting the stiffened stiffened rod to form the elongated composite element 10 suitable for cement matrix reinforcement.
  • the start of the process is carried out first by pulling and manually feeding each wire 11 of the coils 2 to the draw bench 120 where each wire is then held pinched, all of the son passing through the various devices described above.
  • the oven 70 and the heating elements of the device 1 are mounted in temperature to reach a temperature significantly higher than the melting temperature and chosen according to the speed of traction.
  • the other means operate at the following temperatures:
  • impregnation device members 80 200 to 250 ° C .;
  • the draw bench 120 is put into operation, the reeling of the reels 2 begins.
  • the traction speed is for example 5 to 10 m / min but can reach 50 m / min without difficulties.
  • the son 1 1 pass through the eyelets, then riding bars in the device 40, and are collected through the teeth of the comb 50 to form the sheet 12 of parallel fibers.
  • the ply 12 then enters the furnace 70 so that the thermoplastic material of the composite yarn reaches its melting temperature. At the outlet, it passes between the heating cylinders of the device 80 which allow it to be laminated, and to uniformly distribute the thermoplastic material which thus coats the glass filaments.
  • thermoplastic material is not to be assayed since it is directly integrated with the raw material of the rod by its drawing with the glass filaments.
  • the temperature of the web reaches after passing through this device 80 a temperature of 180 ° C to 200 ° C.
  • the web 12 passes through the die of the shaping device 100 to transform it into a rod 13, shaped rod by tightening the son against each other and arranging them contiguously.
  • the rod 13 has a temperature below 160 ° C.
  • the diameter of the die 100 as well as the input diameter of the sheathing device 200 are a function of the type and the number of coils.
  • the rod 13 enters the cladding device 200 after a course that cools it somewhat. This device 200 is fed simultaneously with the mixture 15.
  • the pressure threshold is adjusted in the sheathing device 200 as a function of the choice of reinforcements and / or loads in order to obtain a particularly wrapped rod. at the outlet 204 of the cladding device 200.
  • the reinforcements are glass filaments, the surface roughness is obtained for any pressure value.
  • the diameter of the die 100 is equal to 2.2 mm and the inlet diameter of the cladding die 200 is equal to 2.1 mm the diameter of the output 204 is equal to 2.4 mm, and the temperature in cavity 203 is 175 ° C.
  • the flow rate of the extruder is for example 5 rpm and the pulling speed of 10 m / min.
  • a third example of manufacture of a rough mini rebar is also chosen 3 coils of composite son rovings (rovings) of individual title equal to 1800 tex. It is furthermore decided to produce a mixture which contains 60% by weight of polypropylene (PP) in the molten state and 40% of AR glass filaments more or less ground and individualized. This mixture is obtained by pouring into the extruder PP granules and granules with 75% glass and comprising glass filaments 12 mm long.
  • PP polypropylene
  • Table 1 below sets forth the manufacturing conditions of 2 mini rebars with smooth sheath no 3a and 3b and 5 mini rebars with 3c sheath at 3g, at different temperatures and pressures.
  • 285 composite wound yarns are selected from 57 * 5 assembled rovings, the individual title being equal to 400 tex. It is furthermore decided to make a mixture which contains 70% by weight of PP in the molten state and 30% of cut AR glass filaments. This mixture is obtained by pouring granules containing short glass filaments into the extruder.
  • 285 composite wound yarns are chosen from 57 * 5 assembled rovings, the individual title being equal to 400 tex. It is furthermore chosen to produce a mixture which contains 70% by weight of PP in the molten state and 30% of AR glass filaments more or less ground and individualized. This mixture is obtained by pouring into the extruder PP granules and granules with 75% glass and comprising glass filaments 12 mm long.
  • the diameter of the die 100 is equal to 10.1 mm
  • the inlet diameter of the cladding die 200 is equal to 10 mm
  • the diameter of the outlet 204 is equal to 10.2 mm
  • the temperature in the cavity 203 is equal to 210 ° C.
  • the flow rate of the extruder is for example 5 rpm and the pulling speed of 10 m / min.
  • FIGS. 5 and 6 show photos (which are not to scale) of rods or mini rebars 10A, 10B respectively obtained from the method described above and with the aid of the device of FIG.
  • the first mini-rebar 10A (FIG. 5) has a rough surface 9OA of granular appearance.
  • the AR glass filaments are dispersed in the sheath and are oriented or not along the longitudinal axis. The filaments mostly retain their initial length of about 0.2 mm. The maximum amplitude of the roughness is estimated at about 0.2 mm.
  • the second minirebar 10B ( Figure 6) has a corrugated surface 9OB.
  • the rough sheath is provided with beads 91 B, conferring this blistered appearance.
  • Each bead 91 B is a relatively smooth elongated bulge of width of the order of mm and height (with respect to a hollow) equal to 1.5 mm.
  • the minirebar length 10 A, 10B is equal to 50 mm.
  • Figure 7a is a photo (not scaled) of rebar 10C.
  • This rebar 10C has a rough surface 9OC of granular appearance similar to that of the mini-rebar 10A.
  • Figures 8a to 8b show photos (not scaled) of the rebar 10D.
  • the sheath 9OD has a marked roughness in the form of a succession of "collars" 91 D surrounding the core.
  • the maximum amplitude of the roughness is of the order of mm.
  • the length of the rough rebars 10C, 10D is equal to 50 mm.
  • thermosetting resin by adapting the pultrusion and the sheathing accordingly.
  • the tensile strength of the (mini) rebars 10A to 10D was tested. To do this, we drown one end of the rebar 10A to 10D in a pavement of cementitious composition.
  • the encased length is 40 mm and the cement composition comprises:
  • the cement block thus reinforced is then aged according to the following cycle: - 1 hour in the open air,
  • the force required to tear the rebar is measured in tension. This test is based on the "SIC” or "Strand in Cernent” test.
  • the tear resistance is greater than the breaking force of the rebar. Rather than a sudden and fragile break, we observe for each of the rough rebars 1 OA to 1 OD a gradual release by a succession of "elementary pull out” that is to say, successive stalls of the "spikes” roughness of rebars. These rebars thus give the reinforced cement the desired “ductility" in case of damage due to excessive load.
  • Table 2 shows the maximum wear - in N / cm - of the mini rebars before breakage, by sliding of the rod (with cement). It is observed that the rough sheathing of mini-rebars n ° 3c to 3f makes it possible to significantly increase the grip of the rod in the cement.
  • cement beams of dimensions 2 cm x 2 cm x 16 cm are manufactured.
  • the cement matrix used is a conventional matrix composed of 57% cement of 19% LA32 sand and 24% water.
  • a beam A is reinforced with the reference mini rebar No. 3a and a beam B is reinforced with the mini rebar No. 3f according to the invention.
  • the beams A and B are broken in flexion "3 points".
  • the test is performed with a distance between supports of 10 cm (to obtain a bending stress) and with a movement speed of 1 mm / min.
  • the rebars Nos. 3a and 3f are placed 1/3 of the thickness of the beams A, B during the loading.
  • the displacement of the cross is constant and we note the force (in N) and the displacement (in mm).
  • FIG. 9 thus shows two curves 1000A and 1000B respectively giving the evolution of the force (in N) as a function of the displacement of the crossbar (in mm) for the beams A and B.
  • the beam B shows a better resistance in stress after rupture.
  • the cladding present on the mini rebar 3f used in the beam B plays its role of maintaining after cracking of the beam.
  • the cladding is firmly attached to the rod, there is no slip phenomenon of the cladding on the rod.
  • the reference beam A allows a recovery of very low forces, well below the breaking strength of the beam.
  • the reinforced beam B also allows a recovery of efforts after breakage of the cement beam. This recovery is much larger and even exceeds the initial breaking force of the beam.
  • the steep slope highlights the phenomena of friction and energy absorption during the gradual removal of the rough mini rebars in the cement matrix. Mini-rebar sheathed rough No. 3f therefore has an effect in a cement matrix, it allows to maintain a structure of the structure after cracking it.

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Abstract

The invention relates to a method of producing a rough composite elongated element (10). According to the invention, the following elements are introduced simultaneously into a coating device (200), namely: an essentially-solid rod (13) which is based on an organic material and reinforcing yarns (11) as well as a mixture (15) containing a molten thermoplastic material and a reinforcement and/or a filler, with the rod being pulled by a traction means (120) downstream of the coating device. Subsequently, the rod is coated, by forming a layer of the adhesive mixture thereon, and the roughness of the coat (141) thus formed is created as the coated rod leaves the coating device. The invention also relates to a rough elongated element thus produced.

Description

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION D'UN ELEMENT ALLONGE COMPOSITE RUGUEUX, ELEMENT ALLONGE COMPOSITE RUGUEUX METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING ROUGH COMPOSITE RODY ELEMENT, ROUGH COMPOSITE ROUND ELEMENT
La présente invention se rapporte au domaine du renforcement et plus particulièrement se rapporte à un procédé de fabrication d'un élément allongé composite rugueux ainsi qu'à un élément allongé composite rugueux susceptible d'être obtenu par un tel procédé.The present invention relates to the field of reinforcement and more particularly relates to a method of manufacturing a rough composite elongated element and to a rough elongated composite element that can be obtained by such a method.
Un élément de renforcement (rebar en anglais) connu du béton est en acier et sous forme d'une barre utilisée comme armature ou encore sous forme de bâtonnets permettant de limiter la propagation des microfissures susceptibles de se former en cas de sollicitations et d'apporter une ductilité supplémentaire.A reinforcement element (rebar in English) known from concrete is steel and in the form of a bar used as reinforcement or in the form of rods to limit the propagation of microcracks likely to form in case of solicitations and bring additional ductility.
Alors qu'à pH très basique, l'oxydation du fer est nulle, elle devient non négligeable lorsque le pH diminue et tend vers la neutralité. Ceci intervient lorsque l'alcalinité du béton est neutralisée par les chlorures résultant, soit du salage des routes en hiver, soit provenant de l'eau de mer dans les applications marines.While at a very basic pH, the oxidation of iron is zero, it becomes non-negligible when the pH decreases and tends towards neutrality. This occurs when the alkalinity of the concrete is neutralized by the resulting chlorides, either salting roads in winter, or from seawater in marine applications.
Pour répondre à ce problème, plusieurs solutions existent, telles que l'addition d'additifs dans le béton qui consomment les chlorures, en protégeant le fer de la corrosion par des revêtements époxy, en utilisant des aciers spéciaux (galvanisés à chaud), ou l'application d'une protection cathodique.To address this problem, several solutions exist, such as the addition of additives in concrete that consume chlorides, protecting iron from corrosion by epoxy coatings, using special steels (hot-dip galvanized), or the application of cathodic protection.
Toutes ces solutions étant onéreuses, de nouvelles voies technologiques se développent et notamment des éléments de renforcement composites à base de résine thermodurcissable ou thermoplastique renforcée par des fils généralement de verre.All these solutions being expensive, new technological paths are developing and in particular composite reinforcement elements based on thermosetting or thermoplastic resin reinforced by generally glass wires.
Un rebar composite est un atout économique grâce à l'absence de détérioration des installations de mélanges et de dosages, au coût croissant des rebars métalliques traditionnellement utilisés. Un rebar composite présente en outre une densité plus faible, plus proche de celle du béton.A composite rebar is an economic asset due to the absence of deterioration of mixing and dosing facilities, with the increasing cost of traditionally used metal rebars. A composite rebar also has a lower density, closer to that of concrete.
Le document JP2003335559 divulgue un bâtonnet composite associant une matrice polymérique thermoplastique et des fils de verre. Ce bâtonnet présente en outre une surface irrégulière afin de favoriser l'accrochage dans le béton.JP2003335559 discloses a composite rod combining a thermoplastic polymeric matrix and glass son. This rod also has an irregular surface to promote attachment in the concrete.
Cette surface irrégulière est obtenue par passage d'un jonc composite dans une filière ayant un motif adapté à cet effet. Ce procédé de fabrication manque de souplesse en ce qu'il nécessite de recourir à autant de filières de formes complexes que des types de rugosités souhaitées.This irregular surface is obtained by passing a composite rod in a die having a suitable pattern for this purpose. This manufacturing process lacks flexibility in that it requires the use of as many dies of complex shapes as desired types of roughness.
L'invention a pour objet de fournir des éléments de renforcement composites de toute taille, tout profil, et en particulier de rugosité de surface modulable et dont la fabrication est aisée et/ou rapide ainsi qu'économique sur le plan industriel.The invention aims to provide composite reinforcement elements of any size, any profile, and in particular of modular surface roughness and whose manufacture is easy and / or fast as well as economically industrial.
L'invention sera décrite plus particulièrement pour le renforcement des matrices à prise hydraulique ou matières cimentaires (ciment, béton, mortier, gypse, composés formés par réaction de chaux, de silice et d'eau, ...), et notamment les bétons, mais l'invention ne se limite pas à ce type de matériau, par exemple on peut envisager un renfort de matière organique.The invention will be described more particularly for the reinforcement of hydraulic setting matrices or cementitious materials (cement, concrete, mortar, gypsum, compounds formed by reacting lime, silica and water, etc.), and especially concretes. , but the invention is not limited to this type of material, for example one can envisage a reinforcement of organic material.
A cet effet, l'invention propose un procédé de fabrication d'un élément allongé composite rugueux dans lequel :For this purpose, the invention proposes a method for manufacturing a rough composite elongate element in which:
- on introduit simultanément, dans un dispositif de gainage, un jonc essentiellement plein à base d'une matière organique et de fils de renforcement ainsi qu'un mélange comprenant une matière thermoplastique fondue et l'un au moins des constituants suivants : un renfort et une charge, le jonc étant tiré par un moyen de traction en aval du dispositif de gainage,a substantially solid rod based on an organic material and reinforcing threads and a mixture comprising a molten thermoplastic and at least one of the following constituents are introduced simultaneously into a sheathing device; a reinforcement and a load, the rod being pulled by a traction means downstream of the cladding device,
- on gaine le jonc en formant une couche du mélange adhérant sur le jonc, la rugosité de la gaine ainsi formée étant créée par la sortie du jonc gainé du dispositif de gainage.- The rod is sheathed by forming a layer of the adhesive adhering to the rod, the roughness of the sheath thus formed being created by the output of the wrapped ring of the cladding device.
Le procédé selon l'invention fournit ainsi une méthode simple d'obtention de rugosité par un gainage approprié d'un jonc. L'importance et la régularité de la rugosité sont influencés par le choix du mélange et notamment par les paramètres suivants :The method according to the invention thus provides a simple method of obtaining roughness by a suitable cladding of a rod. The importance and the regularity of the roughness are influenced by the choice of the mixture and in particular by the following parameters:
- la viscosité du mélange,the viscosity of the mixture,
- la viscosité intrinsèque de la matière thermoplastique,the intrinsic viscosity of the thermoplastic material,
- le taux et le rapport de forme des renforts ou des charges (quotient de la plus grande dimension sur la plus petite des dimensions),- the rate and the aspect ratio of reinforcements or loads (quotient of the largest dimension on the smallest dimension),
- la capacité d'expansion des renforts ou des charges dans la matière thermoplastique. Certains renforts ou charges, par exemple des fibres et/ou des filaments individuels, peuvent contribuer seuls (c'est-à-dire quelles que soient des conditions de formation de la couche selon l'invention) à obtenir la rugosité.the expansion capacity of the reinforcements or fillers in the thermoplastic material. Some reinforcements or fillers, for example fibers and / or individual filaments, can contribute alone (that is to say whatever the formation conditions of the layer according to the invention) to obtain the roughness.
On désigne dans la présente invention par renfort tout produit ni soluble ni miscible qui, mélangé à la matière thermoplastique, permet d'améliorer une ou plusieurs propriétés ou caractéristiques (propriétés électriques, mécaniques, chimiques..).In the present invention is meant by reinforcement any product neither soluble nor miscible which, mixed with the thermoplastic material, makes it possible to improve one or more properties or characteristics (electrical, mechanical, chemical properties, etc.).
Les renforts peuvent être de nature chimique variable (organique ou minérale). Leur géométrie peut aussi être variable :The reinforcements can be of variable chemical nature (organic or mineral). Their geometry can also be variable:
- granulaire ou sphérique (par exemple des billes de verre, du CaCO3, de rapport de forme égal à 1 ),granular or spherical (for example glass beads, CaCO 3, with a ratio of form equal to 1),
- lamellaire par exemple du talc de rapport de forme égal à 10,lamellar, for example talc with a ratio of form equal to 10,
- aciculaire par exemple une wollastonite de rapport de forme égal à 10 - 20.- acicular for example a wollastonite with a ratio of form equal to 10 - 20.
- fibrillaire ou filamentaire.- fibrillar or filamentary.
On désigne par charge une matière solide relativement inerte destinée à modifier sa stabilité, ou à en réduire le coût.Charge is a relatively inert solid material for modifying its stability, or reducing its cost.
On désigne par fil de renforcement, tout fil ou toute fibre susceptible d'améliorer les propriétés mécaniques de l'élément.By reinforcement yarn is meant any yarn or fiber capable of improving the mechanical properties of the element.
La gaine peut présenter des zones lisses ou peu rugueuses en alternance avec des zones très rugueuses.The sheath may have smooth or slightly rough areas alternating with very rough areas.
Le procédé selon l'invention convient pour des joncs de toute forme par exemple circulaire, elliptique, triangulaire, carrée, en étoile, multilobes, en polygone régulier ou irrégulier. Le jonc peut aussi être de forme rectangulaire, et plus généralement former un profilé (en T, en U...). Le jonc peut aussi être torsadé ce qui permet si besoin est de conformer plus aisément le jonc (par exemple formation d'une armature composite par exemple). Le jonc est par exemple pultrudé.The method according to the invention is suitable for rods of any shape for example circular, elliptical, triangular, square, star, multilobe, regular or irregular polygon. The ring may also be of rectangular shape, and more generally form a profile (T, U ...). The ring can also be twisted which allows if necessary is to more easily conform the ring (for example formation of a composite frame for example). The ring is for example pultruded.
La rugosité peut être réalisée selon le procédé selon l'invention pour toute forme et toute taille d'élément composite.The roughness can be carried out according to the method according to the invention for any shape and any size of composite element.
Par ailleurs, la réalisation de la gaine et la formation du jonc sont par exemple réalisées en continu. De préférence, la couche recouvre l'ensemble du jonc mais on peut aussi concevoir un gainage partiel le jonc étant à nu sur une ou des longueurs données voire asymétrique, le jonc étant à nu sur une partie de la circonférence.Furthermore, the production of the sheath and the formation of the ring are for example carried out continuously. Preferably, the layer covers the whole of the ring but it is also possible to design a partial cladding, the ring being exposed on one or more or even asymmetrical lengths, the ring being exposed over part of the circumference.
Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, ledit mélange étant en pression lors de la formation de ladite couche, la pression est ajustée en fonction desdits constituants et à partir de l'un au moins des paramètres suivants : le débit d'alimentation dudit mélange, la vitesse de traction dudit jonc, le dimensionnement de la zone de formation de la couche du dispositif de gainage, la taille de l'ouverture de sortie du dispositif de gainage.In an advantageous embodiment, said mixture being in pressure during the formation of said layer, the pressure is adjusted according to said constituents and from at least one of the following parameters: the feed rate of said mixture, the pulling speed of said rod, the dimensioning of the formation area of the cladding layer, the size of the outlet opening of the cladding device.
La détente de la couche provoque son éclatement, contribuant ou suffisant à donner un aspect rugueux à la couche.The relaxation of the layer causes its burst, contributing or sufficient to give a rough appearance to the layer.
Un niveau de pression suffisant est particulièrement important pour obtenir une rugosité optimale lorsque le facteur de forme des constituants (renforts et/ou charges) est bas. A titre d'exemple, lorsque les constituants sont de type filamentaire, - tels que des filaments de verre - la rugosité de surface est obtenue pour toute valeur de pression, même faible.A sufficient pressure level is particularly important to obtain an optimal roughness when the form factor of the constituents (reinforcements and / or loads) is low. By way of example, when the constituents are of filamentary type, such as glass filaments, the surface roughness is obtained for any pressure value, even a small one.
La détente peut être obtenue en choisissant les conditions opératoires. En jouant sur la vitesse de traction, on choisit le degré d'entraînement du mélange par le jonc.The relaxation can be obtained by choosing the operating conditions. By adjusting the traction speed, the degree of entrainment of the mixture by the ring is chosen.
La quantité de mélange déposée sur le jonc est principalement influencée par le débit donné au niveau des moyens d'alimentation - typiquement une extrudeuse -, pour un dispositif de gainage donné. On joue par exemple sur la rotation de la vis. On peut aussi choisir les caractéristiques du dispositif de gainage notamment la géométrie et les dimensions du ou des canaux d'alimentation.The amount of mixture deposited on the rod is mainly influenced by the flow rate given at the feed means - typically an extruder - for a given cladding device. We play for example on the rotation of the screw. It is also possible to choose the characteristics of the sheathing device, in particular the geometry and the dimensions of the supply channel or channels.
On peut aussi régler le débit relatif du mélange par rapport au jonc ou vice versa et/ou ajuster la pression et la température dans la zone de formation de la couche.It is also possible to regulate the relative flow of the mixture relative to the rod or vice versa and / or to adjust the pressure and the temperature in the zone of formation of the layer.
La taille de l'ouverture de sortie du dispositif (par exemple facilement interchangeable) est de préférence choisie légèrement supérieure à la dimension transversale du jonc. La différence est à ajuster en fonction du niveau de rugosité désiré et/ou de l'épaisseur souhaitée. Par exemple on choisit une ouverture ayant entre un dixième à cinq dixièmes de mm de plus. La gaine peut présenter des zones lisses ou peu rugueuses en alternance avec des zones très rugueuses. La rugosité peut varier en modifiant les conditions opératoires, par exemple par simple réglage manuel ou par pilotage automatique des débits et de la vitesse de traction du jonc.The size of the outlet opening of the device (for example easily interchangeable) is preferably chosen slightly greater than the transverse dimension of the ring. The difference is to be adjusted according to the level of desired roughness and / or the desired thickness. For example we choose an opening having between one tenth to five tenths of an mm more. The sheath may have smooth or slightly rough areas alternating with very rough areas. The roughness can vary by modifying the operating conditions, for example by simple manual adjustment or by automatic control of flow rates and the pulling speed of the rod.
L'ouverture d'entrée du dispositif de gainage - qui est par exemple une filière - est de forme adaptée à la forme du jonc.The inlet opening of the cladding device - which is for example a die - is shaped to fit the shape of the rod.
Dans le procédé selon l'invention on veille à ce que la couche adhère sur le jonc. Naturellement, on choisit de préférence des matières organiques identiques ou similaires pour le jonc et la couche, ou au moins rendues compatibles chimiquement, de façon à être intimement liées pour former une interface continue garantissant des propriétés mécaniques pérennes.In the process according to the invention care is taken that the layer adheres to the rod. Naturally, the same or similar organic materials for the rod and the layer are preferably chosen, or at least made chemically compatible, so as to be intimately linked to form a continuous interface guaranteeing perennial mechanical properties.
Le jonc peut être un jonc rigide en une matière organique thermodurcissable ayant subi un traitement de surface pour favoriser l'adhésion (flammage, microabrasion...) sur le jonc ou encore un jonc en cours de polymérisation. On peut choisir par exemple des vinylesters particulièrement résistants à la corrosion, ou des polyesters, des phénoliques, des époxydes, des acryliques.The rod can be a rigid rod made of a thermosetting organic material having undergone a surface treatment to promote adhesion (flaming, microabrasion ...) on the rod or a rod during polymerization. It is possible to choose, for example, vinylesters which are particularly resistant to corrosion, or polyesters, phenolics, epoxides and acrylics.
Dans un mode de réalisation préféré, on choisit une matière organique thermoplastique pour le jonc du fait de sa facilité de mise en œuvre, de l'absence d'émission de solvant ou de réaction chimique, et de la vitesse de production compétitive.In a preferred embodiment, a thermoplastic organic material is selected for the rod because of its ease of implementation, the absence of solvent emission or chemical reaction, and the competitive production rate.
Dans le dispositif de gainage, la viscosité est "fixée" (de part le choix de la matière de gainage) et modifiable dans une certaine mesure en fonction du réglage du profil de températures. Si cette viscosité est trop importante, le jonc aura du mal à entraîner la gaine, et à l'inverse, si la matière est trop fluide, elle aura du mal à rester sur le jonc, donc à garder une gaine de "géométrie constante" (le produit coulant par gravité).In the sheathing device, the viscosity is "fixed" (due to the choice of sheathing material) and can be modified to a certain extent depending on the setting of the temperature profile. If this viscosity is too high, the ring will have difficulty in driving the sheath, and conversely, if the material is too fluid, it will have trouble staying on the ring, so to keep a sheath of "constant geometry" (the product flowing by gravity).
Dans le dispositif de gainage, les températures du jonc et de la matière de gainage sont réglées de manière à ce que l'on ait une accroche chimique (polyfusion des deux composants entraînant une continuité de l'interface) en plus de l'accroche mécanique.In the cladding device, the temperatures of the rod and the cladding material are adjusted so that there is a chemical grip (polyfusion of the two components resulting in continuity of the interface) in addition to the mechanical grip .
La gaine rugueuse peut se figer à l'air libre. On peut de préférence refroidir le jonc gainé rugueux pour accélérer la fabrication. On peut choisir une polyoléfine, notamment le polyéthylène ou le polypropylène, ou du polyamide, du polystyrène, du polychlorure de vinyle, de l'ABS, le polytéréphtalate de butylène ou d'éthylène (PET), du polycarbonate, du polyuréthane ou polyurées (TPU).The rough sheath can freeze in the open air. The rough wrapped ring can preferably be cooled to speed up the production. It is possible to choose a polyolefin, in particular polyethylene or polypropylene, or polyamide, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, ABS, polybutylene terephthalate or ethylene (PET), polycarbonate, polyurethane or polyureas ( TPU).
De préférence, les matières organiques (jonc et gaine) sont à base de polyoléfine comme le polyprolylène qui présente de multiples avantages dont la résistance au milieu alcalin -du fait de son inertie chimique -, une facilité de mise en œuvre et un bas coût.Preferably, the organic materials (ring and sheath) are based on polyolefin such as polyprolylene which has multiple advantages including resistance to the alkaline medium - due to its chemical inertness -, ease of implementation and low cost.
De préférence, le renfort peut comprendre des filaments dispersés dans la matière fondue.Preferably, the reinforcement may comprise filaments dispersed in the melt.
Le renfort peut être minéral et/ou organique par exemple en verre, aramide, graphite, carbone ou des combinaisons de ces types de renforts.The reinforcement may be mineral and / or organic for example glass, aramid, graphite, carbon or combinations of these types of reinforcements.
Encore plus préférentiellement, les filaments comprennent des filaments de verre alcali résistant.Even more preferably, the filaments comprise alkali resistant glass filaments.
Le verre alcali-résistant (couramment appelé verre AR) est particulièrement avantageux pour donner la garantie de durabilité des performances dans des milieux à renforcer très alcalins comme les bétons. En effet, les caractéristiques des verres utilisés classiquement (verre E par exemple) ou verre S, pour le renfort de résine organique se dégradent assez rapidement par diffusion de la solution corrosive dans le milieu à renforcer.The alkali-resistant glass (commonly called AR glass) is particularly advantageous to give the guarantee of durability of performance in environments to reinforce very alkaline such as concrete. Indeed, the characteristics of the glasses conventionally used (glass E for example) or glass S, for the reinforcement of organic resin degrade quite rapidly by diffusion of the corrosive solution into the medium to be reinforced.
Le verre AR renferme généralement de l'oxyde de zirconium ZrO2. Ces fils peuvent être choisis parmi tous les fils de verre « alcali-résistant » existants (tels que ceux décrits dans les brevets GB 1 290 528, US 4 345 037, US 4 036 654, US 4 014 705, US 3 859 106, etc..) et comprennent, de préférence, au moins 5 % en moles de ZrO2. Selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention, le verre constitutif des fils comprend SiO2, ZrO2 et au moins un oxyde alcalin, de préférence Na2O, comme principaux constituants.AR glass usually contains zirconium oxide ZrO 2 . These yarns may be chosen from all existing "alkali-resistant" glass yarns (such as those described in patents GB 1,290,528, US Pat. No. 4,345,037, US Pat. No. 4,036,654, US Pat. No. 4,014,705 and US Pat. etc.) and preferably comprise at least 5 mol% ZrO 2 . According to one embodiment of the invention, the constituent glass of the son comprises SiO 2 , ZrO 2 and at least one alkaline oxide, preferably Na 2 O, as main constituents.
Une composition de verre alcali-résistant particulièrement utilisée pour réaliser les fils de verre selon l'invention est la composition décrite dans le brevet GB 1 290 528, composée principalement des composants suivants dans les proportions exprimées en pourcentages molaires : 62-75 % SiO2 ; 7-1 1 % ZrO2 ; 13-23 % R2O ; 1 -10 % R'O ; 0-4 % AI2O3 ; 0-6 % B2O3 ; 0-5 % Fe2O3 ; 0-2 % CaF2 ; 0-4 % TiO2 ; R2O représentant un ou des oxyde(s) alcalin(s), de préférence Na2O et, éventuellement Li2O et/ou K2O, et R1O étant un ou des composants choisis parmi les oxydes alcalino-terreux, ZnO et MnO.An alkali-resistant glass composition particularly used to produce the glass strands according to the invention is the composition described in GB Patent 1,290,528, mainly composed of the following components in the proportions expressed in molar percentages: 62-75% SiO 2 ; 7-1% ZrO 2 ; 13-23% R 2 O; 1 -10% R'O; 0-4% AI 2 O 3 ; 0-6% B 2 O 3 ; 0-5% Fe 2 O 3 ; 0-2% CaF 2 ; 0-4% TiO 2 ; R 2 O representing one or more alkaline oxide (s), preferably Na 2 O and optionally Li 2 O and / or K 2 O, and R 1 O being one or more components selected from alkaline earth oxides, ZnO and MnO.
En outre, avec du verre AR, l'élément allongé composite est susceptible d'être utilisé dans un autre milieu corrosif milieu humide, milieu acide, salin, ...In addition, with AR glass, the composite elongated element is likely to be used in another corrosive medium humid environment, acid medium, saline, ...
Par ailleurs, les fils de renforcement utilisés peuvent être en matériau minéral et/ou organique par exemple en verre, aramide, graphite, carbone ou des combinaisons de ces fibres.Moreover, the reinforcing threads used may be of mineral and / or organic material, for example glass, aramid, graphite, carbon or combinations of these fibers.
Les fils de renforcement sont par exemple des fils multifilamentaires de verre. De façon générale, la fabrication des fils de verre se fait de la façon suivante : des filets de verre fondu sont étirés mécaniquement (à des vitesses de plusieurs mètres à dizaines de mètres par seconde) sous la forme d'une ou plusieurs nappes de filaments continus - par exemple 800 à 4000 filaments- à partir des orifices d'une ou plusieurs filières, puis les filaments (de diamètre compris entre 10 à 30 μm) sont revêtus d'une composition d'ensimage avant d'être rassemblés en un ou plusieurs fils.The reinforcing threads are, for example, multifilament glass threads. In general, the manufacture of glass threads is as follows: molten glass threads are stretched mechanically (at speeds of several meters to tens of meters per second) in the form of one or more plies of filaments continuous - for example 800 to 4000 filaments- from the orifices of one or more dies, then the filaments (with a diameter of between 10 to 30 μm) are coated with a sizing composition before being collected in one or more several sons.
Cet ensimage permet un couplage optimum entre la matrice organique thermoplastique ou thermodurcissable et le fil de verre AR et assure les performances mécaniques dans la durée. On peut utiliser un ensimage associant des silanes et des polymères compatibles avec la matrice à renforcer, et par exemple un des ensimages décrits dans la demande de brevet FR2837818.This size allows optimum coupling between the thermoplastic or thermosetting organic matrix and the AR glass wire and ensures mechanical performance over time. It is possible to use a size combining silanes and polymers that are compatible with the matrix to be reinforced, and for example one of the sizes described in the patent application FR2837818.
Le jonc peut être en verre E et la gaine rugueuse en verre AR.The ring can be made of glass E and the rough glass sheath AR.
De préférence, les fils de renforcement comprennent des filaments de verre alcali résistant et/ou des fils de verre alcali résistant.Preferably, the reinforcing yarns comprise strong alkali glass filaments and / or resistant alkali glass yarns.
Par ailleurs, les renforts - par exemple des filaments individuels et/ou des fibres - et/ou les charges ainsi que la matière organique solide peuvent être insérés simultanément dans une extrudeuse.On the other hand, reinforcements - for example individual filaments and / or fibers - and / or fillers as well as solid organic material can be inserted simultaneously into an extruder.
Avant l'introduction du mélange, on peut préparer au moins une partie dudit mélange en déroulant des fils multifilamentaires bobinés, en coupant lesdits fils pour former des fibres et en dispersant dans une extrudeuse alimentant le dispositif de gainage lesdites fibres dans ladite matière thermoplastique.Prior to the introduction of the mixture, at least a portion of said mixture may be prepared by unwinding coiled multifilament yarns, cutting said yarns to form fibers, and dispersing said fibers in said thermoplastic material in an extruder feeding the cladding device.
Ce procédé peut être réalisé en continu, et en utilisant une ou plusieurs bobines ou gâteaux porteurs de fils distincts ou non assemblés ou non, et de préférence de verre. Lors de la dispersion, les filaments de chaque fibre se désunissent. On peut choisir une extrudeuse bi -vis (rotative, co-rotative).This process can be carried out continuously, and using one or more coils or cakes carrying separate or unassembled son or not, and preferably glass. During the dispersion, the filaments of each fiber disintegrate. You can choose a bi-screw extruder (rotary, co-rotating).
Avant ladite introduction du mélange, on peut préparer au moins une partie dudit mélange en incorporant dans une extrudeuse alimentant le dispositif de gainage, au moins un composé comprenant des filaments et ladite matière thermoplastique (granulé, compound prêt à l'emploi, dosage multi-composantsBefore said introduction of the mixture, at least a part of said mixture can be prepared by incorporating into an extruder feeding the sheathing device, at least one compound comprising filaments and said thermoplastic material (granulate, ready-to-use compound, multi-strength components
On peut choisir une extrudeuse monovis.One can choose a single screw extruder.
On peut aussi combiner les méthodes de formation du mélange précitées.The aforementioned mixture forming methods can also be combined.
On peut utiliser des filaments courts, de préférence entre 5 et 50% en poids du mélange de filaments, encore plus préférentiellement entre 20 et 30%.Short filaments can be used, preferably between 5 and 50% by weight of the filament mixture, more preferably between 20 and 30%.
Dans la présente invention, on entend par filaments courts des filaments de longueur moyenne inférieure ou égale à 0,5 mm. On en trouve par exemple dans des granulés composites commerciaux, leur longueur étant généralement entre 0,2-0,3 mm dans ces granulés. La répartition de ces filaments dans la matière organique est généralement isotropique.In the present invention, short filaments are understood to mean filaments of average length less than or equal to 0.5 mm. They are found, for example, in commercial composite granules, their length generally being between 0.2 and 0.3 mm in these granules. The distribution of these filaments in the organic material is generally isotropic.
Après préparation du mélange, ces courts filaments dispersés dans la matière fondue peuvent présenter une longueur moyenne similaire aux filaments de départ même si le mélange est réalisé par une extrudeuse. On peut aussi utiliser des longs filaments, de préférence entre 5 et 40% de filaments en poids du mélange, encore plus préférentiellement entre 10 et 30%.After preparation of the mixture, these short filaments dispersed in the melt may have an average length similar to the starting filaments even if the mixing is performed by an extruder. It is also possible to use long filaments, preferably between 5 and 40% of filaments by weight of the mixture, more preferably between 10 and 30%.
Dans la présente invention, on entend par filaments longs des filaments de longueur moyenne supérieure à 0,5 mm. On en trouve par exemple dans des granulés composites fibres longues commerciaux (type GFL), leur longueur est par exemple égale à 12 mm dans ces granulés. La distribution de ces filaments dans la matière organique est unidirectionnelle.In the present invention, long filaments are understood to mean filaments of average length greater than 0.5 mm. They are found for example in commercial long fiber composite granules (GFL type), their length is for example equal to 12 mm in these granules. The distribution of these filaments in the organic material is unidirectional.
Sous l'effet du mélange (température, cisaillement), ces longs filaments sont coupés et présentent alors une longueur moyenne résiduelle inférieure qui varie en fonction de l'outillage de l'unité de plastification de l'extrudeuse (profil vis, dimensionnement...), la distribution de longueurs est par exemple comprise entre 0,5 et 5 mm environ (mesurable après calcination du produit).Under the effect of mixing (temperature, shear), these long filaments are cut and then have a lower residual average length which varies according to the tooling of the extruder plasticizing unit (screw profile, sizing). .), the length distribution is for example between 0.5 and 5 mm (measurable after calcination of the product).
On peut utiliser à la fois des filaments longs et courts, et/ou partir de fibres multifilamentaires comêlées ou non, par exemple un fil commercialisé par la société VETROTEX sous la dénomination commerciale TWINTEX®. En outre, pour favoriser la compatibilité chimique couche/jonc, par exemple entre deux polypropylènes, on peut prévoir dans le mélange un agent de couplage, par exemple un polypropylène greffé avec des groupements polaires par exemple anhydride maléïque.One can use both long and short filaments, and / or from comêlées multifilament fibers or not, eg a wire marketed by Vetrotex under the trade name Twintex ®. In addition, to promote the chemical compatibility layer / ring, for example between two polypropylenes, can be provided in the mixture of a coupling agent, for example a polypropylene grafted with polar groups, for example maleic anhydride.
Toutes choses égales par ailleurs, la rugosité est plus accentuée avec des filaments longs coupés qu'avec des filaments courts. Les filaments longs coupés donnent un aspect pelucheux ou foisonnant.Other things being equal, roughness is more pronounced with long filaments cut than with short filaments. The long cut filaments give a fluffy or abundant appearance.
Les filaments de la gaine ne sont pas forcément orientés sensiblement perpendiculairement par rapport à l'axe du jonc.The filaments of the sheath are not necessarily oriented substantially perpendicular to the axis of the ring.
On peut aussi utiliser du talc (en alternance ou en combinaison avec des filaments). Ce type d'élément donne un aspect « boudiné » ou boursouflé.Talc can also be used (alternately or in combination with filaments). This type of element gives a "bulleted" or bloated appearance.
On peut choisir des charges, de préférence minérales et entre 5 et 50% en poids du mélange, notamment du verre broyé ou des écailles de verre dites 'flakes'.It is possible to choose fillers, preferably mineral, and between 5 and 50% by weight of the mixture, in particular crushed glass or glass flakes.
Le procédé peut comprendre une étape de formation du jonc incluant l'introduction d'une nappe des fils de renforcement associés à la matière organique dans un dispositif de conformation de manière à obtenir ledit jonc constitué par le rapprochement en contigu des fils formant une continuité transversale.The method may comprise a step of forming the rod including the introduction of a sheet of reinforcing son associated with the organic material in a shaping device so as to obtain said ring constituted by the contiguous approach of the son forming a transverse continuity .
Pour former le jonc, on peut entraîner et rassembler des fils de renforcement, par exemple en verre, et plonger ces fils dans un bain de résine organique ou encore les imprégner dans une filière de gainage alimentée par une matrice thermoplastique fluide.To form the rod, we can drive and collect reinforcing son, for example glass, and dip these son in an organic resin bath or impregnate in a cladding die fed by a fluid thermoplastic matrix.
L'étape de formation du jonc peut contenir les opérations suivantes :The ring forming step can contain the following operations:
- on entraîne et on rassemble de manière parallèle des fils composites formés de filaments continus de verre et de la matière organique choisie thermoplastique co-mêlés entre eux sous la forme d'au moins une nappe,composite yarns formed of continuous filaments of glass and of the thermoplastic chosen organic material co-mixed with each other in the form of at least one sheet are drawn and gathered together in parallel,
- on fait pénétrer la nappe dans une zone où elle est chauffée à une température atteignant au moins celle de fusion de la matière organique thermoplastique,the sheet is penetrated into an area where it is heated to a temperature reaching at least that of melting the thermoplastic organic material,
- on fait passer la nappe dans un dispositif d'imprégnation, tout en maintenant sa température à une température de malléabilité de la matière organique thermoplastique, pour répartir de manière homogène la matière organique thermoplastique fondue et imprégner les filaments par celle-ci.the web is passed through an impregnation device, while maintaining its temperature at a temperature of malleability of the thermoplastic organic material, so as to distribute in a homogeneous manner the molten thermoplastic organic material and impregnating the filaments therewith.
Grâce à l'utilisation d'un fil composite, le procédé selon l'invention présente de nombreux avantages :Thanks to the use of a composite yarn, the process according to the invention has many advantages:
- pas d'ajout de matière.- no addition of material.
- facilité de réalisation d'un jonc pultrudé,- ease of realization of a pultruded ring,
- meilleure imprégnation et répartition des fils dans le thermoplastique, donnant une grande cohésion et une durabilité accrue dans le béton,better impregnation and distribution of the yarns in the thermoplastic, giving great cohesion and durability in the concrete,
- ajustement possible de taux de matière thermoplastique.- possible adjustment of thermoplastic content.
On peut choisir par exemple un fil commercialisé par la société VETROTEX sous la dénomination commerciale TWINTEX® et fabriqué de préférence selon le procédé décrit dans le brevet EP 0 599 695, qui est constitué par des filaments de verre et des filaments d'une matière organique thermoplastique, de type polyoléfine ou polyester, intimement mêlés entre eux.One may choose for example a yarn, sold by Vetrotex under the Twintex ® tradename and produced preferably by the process described in EP 0599695, which consists of glass filaments and filaments of an organic material thermoplastic, polyolefin or polyester type intimately mixed together.
Enfin, le dispositif de fabrication peut comprendre en terminaison de ligne, un outil de coupe, comme par exemple une cisaille, pou découper le jonc gainé rugueux rigidifié.Finally, the manufacturing device may comprise in line termination, a cutting tool, such as a shear, for cutting the stiffened rigid sheathed rod.
L'invention propose également un élément allongé composite rugueux comprenant une âme à base d'une matière organique et de fils de renforcement et qui est revêtue d'une gaine rugueuse à base d'une matière thermoplastique et de l'un au moins des constituants suivants : un renfort et une charge, ledit élément étant susceptible d'être obtenu par le procédé tel que défini précédemment.The invention also proposes a rough composite elongated element comprising a core based on an organic material and reinforcing threads and which is coated with a rough sheath based on a thermoplastic material and at least one of the constituents following: a reinforcement and a load, said element being obtainable by the method as defined above.
Les produits selon l'invention présentent en effet des gaines avec des reliefs inédits notamment particulièrement performants pour un renforcement.The products according to the invention in fact have sheaths with novel reliefs especially particularly effective for reinforcement.
Ces reliefs augmentent la surface de contact rebar/béton, l'ancrage de l'élément dans le béton ainsi que la ténacité de la liaison rebar/béton et favorisent le transfert de charge entre le béton et l'élément rugueux.These reliefs increase the rebar / concrete contact surface, the anchoring of the element in the concrete as well as the tenacity of the rebar / concrete connection and promote the transfer of charge between the concrete and the rough element.
De préférence, la gaine rugueuse selon l'invention peut être sensiblement homogène dans son épaisseur, et notamment être obtenue à partir d'un mélange sensiblement uniforme de la matière thermoplastique et du ou des autres constituants renfort(s) et/ou charge(s).Preferably, the rough sheath according to the invention may be substantially homogeneous in its thickness, and in particular be obtained from a substantially uniform mixture of the thermoplastic material and the other reinforcing component (s) and / or filler (s). ).
L'élément selon l'invention peut être un bâtonnet, typiquement de longueur entre 10 à 80 mm, de diamètre total inférieur ou égal à 3 mm. Un tel bâtonnet permet d'éviter un effondrement brutal du béton renforcé fissuré en privilégiant des ruptures locales et progressives.The element according to the invention may be a rod, typically of length between 10 to 80 mm, of total diameter less than or equal to 3 mm. Such a stick makes it possible to avoid a sudden collapse of cracked reinforced concrete by favoring local and progressive breaks.
L'élément selon l'invention peut être aussi une armature présentant typiquement de diamètre total entre 6 à 20 mm. Sa section peut être sensiblement en forme d'os c'est-à-dire une partie centrale plane et deux extrémités latérales arrondies afin de renforcer la rigidité dans les directions désirées. Cette armature peut en outre être courbée, de section variable le long de son axe, avec des extrémités longitudinales déformées (en crochets...).The element according to the invention may also be a reinforcement typically having a total diameter of between 6 and 20 mm. Its section may be substantially bone-shaped i.e. a flat central portion and two rounded lateral ends to enhance rigidity in the desired directions. This reinforcement can also be curved, of variable section along its axis, with distorted longitudinal ends (hooks ...).
L'élément peut aussi servir pour réparer des structures existantes. La rugosité de la gaine peut représenter jusqu'à 25% de l'épaisseur du jonc (diamètre dans le cas d'une symétrie cylindrique). Elle est préférentiellement inférieure à 3 mm, pour garder une accroche suffisante entre le jonc et le béton et encore plus préférentiellement entre 0,2 mm et 1 mm.The element can also be used to repair existing structures. The roughness of the sheath can represent up to 25% of the thickness of the rod (diameter in the case of a cylindrical symmetry). It is preferably less than 3 mm, to keep a sufficient grip between the rod and the concrete and even more preferably between 0.2 mm and 1 mm.
Le taux de verre en poids dans l'âme peut être supérieur ou égal à 30%, de préférence supérieur ou égal à 60%. Le taux de verre en poids dans la gaine peut être entre 5 et 50%, par exemple entre 15 et 35%.The glass content by weight in the core may be greater than or equal to 30%, preferably greater than or equal to 60%. The glass content by weight in the sheath can be between 5 and 50%, for example between 15 and 35%.
La gaine rugueuse peut présenter un aspect pelucheux tout en restant âpre au toucher. Dans cette configuration, l'amplitude maximale de la rugosité peut être de préférence de 0,2 m à 1 mm.The rough sheath may have a fluffy appearance while remaining rough to the touch. In this configuration, the maximum amplitude of the roughness may preferably be from 0.2 m to 1 mm.
Le renfort peut comprendre des filaments avec une distribution de longueurs comprise entre 0,5 et 5 mm, centrée par exemple sur 2 mm.The reinforcement may comprise filaments with a length distribution of between 0.5 and 5 mm, centered for example on 2 mm.
Le renfort peut comprendre des filaments de longueur moyenne comprise entre 0,2 et 0,5 mm.The reinforcement may comprise filaments with an average length of between 0.2 and 0.5 mm.
L'aspect est alors granuleux : la surface semble couverte de petits grains, ces grains étant en réalité des filaments. La surface est rugueuse au toucher. L'amplitude maximale de la rugosité est alors de 0,05 mm à 1 mm, de préférence entre 0,1 à 0,5 mm.The appearance is then granular: the surface seems covered with small grains, these grains being in reality filaments. The surface is rough to the touch. The maximum amplitude of the roughness is then from 0.05 mm to 1 mm, preferably from 0.1 to 0.5 mm.
Le renfort peut aussi comprendre du talc.The reinforcement may also include talc.
La gaine rugueuse peut être dotée de bourrelets, présente ainsi un aspect boursouflé.The rough sheath may have beads, thus presenting a puffy appearance.
Chaque bourrelet peut être un renflement allongé d'aspect lisse de largeur de l'ordre du mm et de hauteur allant jusqu'à quelques mm.Each bead can be an elongated bulge of smooth aspect of the width of the order of mm and height of up to a few mm.
L'invention propose en outre une matrice à liant hydraulique incorporant l'élément susceptible d'être obtenu par le procédé tel que décrit précédemment. Les liants à prise hydraulique appropriés sont à entendre comme étant des matériaux qui contiennent un ciment inorganique et/ou un liant ou adhésif inorganique qui durcit par hydratation. Des liants particulièrement appropriés qui durcissent par hydratation sont notamment, par exemple, le ciment Portland, le ciment à haute teneur en alumine, le ciment Portland de fer, le ciment de trass, le ciment de laitier, le plâtre, les silicates de calcium formés par traitement à l'autoclave et les combinaisons de liants particuliers.The invention further provides a hydraulic binder matrix incorporating the element obtainable by the method as described above. Suitable hydraulic setting binders are to be understood as materials which contain an inorganic cement and / or an inorganic binder or adhesive which hardens by hydration. Particularly suitable binders which cure by hydration include, for example, Portland cement, high alumina cement, iron Portland cement, trass cement, slag cement, plaster, calcium silicates formed by autoclave treatment and particular binder combinations.
La quantité d'éléments selon l'invention peut être par exemple entre 5 et 50 kg/m3 de béton.The quantity of elements according to the invention can be for example between 5 and 50 kg / m 3 of concrete.
On peut réaliser l'incorporation dans des installations de béton projetés (dalles, parois...) contenant par exemple en mélange les éléments selon l'invention avec des fibres et/ou des filaments de verre alcali résistant et/ou des fibres anti-fissuration (AntiCrak®) notamment de type haute performance (HP) ou de haute dispersion (HD) - lesquelles sont vendues par la société VETROTEX - ou encore des fibres de polypropylène ou des fibres phénoliques.The incorporation can be carried out in shotcrete installations (slabs, walls, etc.) containing for example a mixture of the elements according to the invention with fibers and / or filaments of resistant alkali glass and / or anti-corrosion fibers. cracking (AntiCrak®) including high performance type (HP) or high dispersion (HD) - which are sold by the company VETROTEX - or polypropylene fibers or phenolic fibers.
Naturellement, l'invention concerne également tout élément à base d'une matrice à liant hydraulique renforcée avec l'élément composite rugueux tel que définie précédemment.Naturally, the invention also relates to any element based on a matrix with hydraulic binder reinforced with the rough composite element as defined above.
Il peut s'agir d'un élément utilisé dans la structure ou la décoration d'un édifice, ou pour les dalles, parois, structures en surplomb, corniches.It may be an element used in the structure or decoration of a building, or for slabs, walls, overhanging structures, cornices.
D'autres détails et caractéristiques avantageuses de l'invention apparaissent à la lecture des exemples illustrés par les figures suivantes :Other details and advantageous features of the invention appear on reading the examples illustrated by the following figures:
• La figure 1 représente une vue schématique de profil d'un dispositif de fabrication d'un élément allongé composite rugueux dans un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention,FIG. 1 represents a schematic profile view of a device for manufacturing a rough composite elongated element in a first embodiment of the invention,
• les figures 2 à 4 sont des vues des dispositifs de conformation et de gainage du dispositif de la figure 1 ,FIGS. 2 to 4 are views of the shaping and cladding devices of the device of FIG. 1,
• Les figures 5 à 8b montrent trois éléments allongés composites rugueux selon l'invention obtenus à partir de la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon l'invention, à l'aide du dispositif de la figure 1.FIGS. 5 to 8b show three elongate rough composite elements according to the invention obtained from the implementation of the method according to the invention, with the aid of the device of FIG.
• La figure 9 montre l'évolution de la force (en N) en fonction du déplacement de la traverse pour des poutres avec un élément allongé composite lisse ou un élément allongé composite rugueux selon l'invention. La figure 1 représente une vue schématique de profil d'un dispositif de fabrication d'un élément allongé composite rugueux dans un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention.FIG. 9 shows the evolution of the force (in N) as a function of the displacement of the cross member for beams with a smooth composite elongated element or a rough composite elongated element according to the invention. FIG. 1 represents a schematic side view of a device for manufacturing a rough composite elongated element in a first embodiment of the invention.
Le dispositif 1 visible à la figure 1 permet la fabrication d'un élément allongé composite rugueux 10 conforme à l'invention qui comprend :The device 1 visible in FIG. 1 allows the manufacture of a rough composite elongated element 10 according to the invention which comprises:
- une âme, par exemple de forme circulaire, à base de fils de renforcement agencés de manière parallèle et contiguë les uns contre les autres et solidarisés entre eux par une matière organique de préférence thermoplastique,a core, for example of circular shape, based on reinforcing threads arranged in parallel and contiguous manner against each other and joined together by an organic material preferably thermoplastic,
- une gaine rugueuse en contact intime avec l'âme et à base d'une matière thermoplastique (polyprolylène de préférence) mélangée à des renforts (filaments de verre AR de préférence et/ou talc et/ou des charges).a rough sheath in intimate contact with the core and based on a thermoplastic material (preferably polyprolylene) mixed with reinforcements (glass filaments AR preferably and / or talc and / or fillers).
L'âme peut être obtenue à partir de fils composites constitués par des filaments de verre continus (de préférence AR) et des filaments continus d'une matière organique thermoplastique, de préférence polypropylène, intimement mêlés entre eux. Chaque fil composite est par exemple fabriqué selon le procédé décrit dans le brevet EP0599695. Les fils composites comprennent de préférence au moins 60% de verre en poids, par exemple 75%.The core can be obtained from composite yarns consisting of continuous glass filaments (preferably AR) and continuous filaments of a thermoplastic organic material, preferably polypropylene, intimately intertwined with each other. Each composite yarn is for example manufactured according to the process described in patent EP0599695. The composite yarns preferably comprise at least 60% glass by weight, for example 75%.
Le dispositif de fabrication 1 comprend, sous forme d'une ligne et d'amont en aval, un cantre 20 muni de plusieurs bobines 2 constituées d'enroulement de fil 11 , une plaque à œillets 30, un dispositif de régulation de tension des fils 40, un peigne 50, éventuellement un dispositif anti-électricité statique 60, un four 70, un dispositif d'imprégnation 80, un dispositif de conformation 100, notamment une filière, un dispositif de gainage, notamment une filière 200, une extrudeuse, un bac de refroidissement 110 et un banc de tirage à chenilles 120.The manufacturing device 1 comprises, in the form of a line and upstream downstream, a creel 20 provided with a plurality of coils 2 constituted by winding of wire 11, a eyelet plate 30, a device for regulating the tension of the yarns 40, a comb 50, possibly an anti-static electricity device 60, a furnace 70, an impregnating device 80, a shaping device 100, in particular a die, a sheathing device, in particular a die 200, an extruder, a 110 cooling tank and a tracked draw bench 120.
Le cantre 20 a pour but de dévider ou dérouler le fil 11 de chaque bobine 2. Il peut être par exemple du type à déroulement et se composer d'un châssis muni d'axes rotatifs horizontaux 21 qui supportent chacun une bobine 2.The creel 20 is intended to unwind or unwind the wire 11 of each coil 2. It may be for example of the unwinding type and consist of a frame provided with horizontal rotary axes 21 which each support a coil 2.
La plaque à œillets 30 est située dans un plan vertical et parallèle aux axes rotatifs 21 du cantre. Elle permet de regrouper les fils 1 1 , qui traversent chacun un œillet pour être guidés vers le dispositif de régulation de tension 40 sous un angle adapté à la tension désirée. Les œillets sont de manière connue en matériau céramique pour éviter d'endommager les fils lors de leur passage au travers de ceux-ci. Le dispositif de régulation de tension 40 est associé à la plaque à œillets 30. Il comporte une série de barreaux cylindriques 41 disposés en quinconce les uns au-dessus des autres et, sur et sous lesquels cheminent les fils 1 1 en provenance de la plaque à œillets 30 de manière à dessiner des sinusoïdes identiques dont l'amplitude influe sur la tension des fils. Les barreaux sont réglables en hauteur afin de pouvoir modifier l'amplitude des sinusoïdes qui, par son augmentation, impose une tension supplémentaire aux fils.The eyelet plate 30 is located in a vertical plane and parallel to the rotary axes 21 of the creel. It allows to group the son 1 1, each through an eyelet to be guided to the voltage regulator 40 at an angle adapted to the desired voltage. The eyelets are in a known manner ceramic material to prevent damage to the son during their passage through them. The voltage regulating device 40 is associated with the eyelet plate 30. It comprises a series of cylindrical rods 41 staggered one above the other and on and under which the threads 1 1 come from the plate eyelets 30 so as to draw identical sinusoids whose amplitude affects the tension of the son. The bars are adjustable in height in order to be able to modify the amplitude of the sinusoids which, by its increase, imposes an additional tension on the wires.
Les barreaux sont avantageusement en laiton ou en matériau céramique pour limiter les phénomènes d'électricité statique induits par le frottement des fils.The bars are advantageously made of brass or ceramic material to limit the static electricity phenomena induced by the friction of the son.
A la sortie du dispositif 40 est disposé un peigne 50 dont les dents regroupent et alignent parallèlement les fils 1 1 selon un espace régulier pour obtenir une nappe 12 à la manière de faisceaux de fils.At the outlet of the device 40 is arranged a comb 50 whose teeth group and parallel align the son 1 1 in a regular space to obtain a web 12 in the manner of son bundles.
Entre le peigne 50 et l'entrée du premier four 70 est implanté un dispositif électrique 60 servant à annihiler toute électricité statique dont pourraient être chargés les fils 11 de façon à éviter le foisonnement desdits fils qui pourrait sinon engendrer leur dégradation dans le four 70.Between the comb 50 and the inlet of the first furnace 70 is implanted an electrical device 60 used to annihilate any static electricity which could be charged the son 11 so as to avoid the expansion of said son that could otherwise cause their degradation in the furnace 70.
Le four 70 est un four à infra-rouge. Il pourrait tout aussi bien s'agir d'un four fonctionnant par convection à air chaud.The oven 70 is an infrared oven. It could as well be a furnace operating by convection hot air.
Le chauffage de la nappe 12 par son passage dans le four 70 s'effectue à une température telle qu'à sa sortie du four la nappe ait une température suffisante pour atteindre la température de fusion du thermoplastique des fils 1 1. Ce dernier, fondu, se colle et se noie dans les filaments continus de verre de l'ensemble de la nappe 12.The heating of the sheet 12 by passing through the furnace 70 takes place at a temperature such that, when it leaves the furnace, the sheet has a temperature sufficient to reach the melting point of the thermoplastic of the wires 1 1. , sticks and drowns in the continuous glass filaments of the entire web 12.
Le four 70 peut être constitué de deux fours successifs (voire plus): un premier four, en amont du second par rapport au sens de défilement. Le premier four a pour fonction de chauffer la nappe 12 comme décrit ci-dessus, le second four a pour fonction de conserver la température au-dessus de la température de fusion et d'augmenter la vitesse de production.The oven 70 may consist of two successive furnaces (or more): a first furnace, upstream of the second with respect to the direction of travel. The first furnace serves to heat the web 12 as described above, the second furnace has the function of keeping the temperature above the melting temperature and increasing the production speed.
Après le four 70 est situé un dispositif d'imprégnation 80 qui aplatit la nappe 12, à répartir de manière homogène sur la largeur de la nappe le thermoplastique fondu, et à garantir la totale imprégnation des filaments de verre par le thermoplastique.After the oven 70 is located an impregnating device 80 which flattens the ply 12, to distribute homogeneously over the width of the ply the molten thermoplastic, and to ensure the complete impregnation of the glass filaments by the thermoplastic.
Le dispositif d'imprégnation 80 est constitué de trois organes disposés en triangle entre lesquels circule la nappe 12. Dans un premier mode de réalisation, les organes peuvent être constitués par des barreaux fixes dont l'écartement est ajusté pour régler la pression nécessaire à l'imprégnation. Les barreaux sont chauffants.The impregnating device 80 consists of three members arranged in a triangle between which the web 12 circulates. In a first embodiment, the members may be constituted by fixed bars whose spacing is adjusted to adjust the pressure required for impregnation. The bars are heated.
Le cylindre supérieur est réglable en hauteur pour établir une pression suffisante sur la nappe 12 de façon à assurer l'imprégnation du verre par le thermoplastique.The upper cylinder is adjustable in height to establish a sufficient pressure on the sheet 12 so as to ensure the impregnation of the glass by the thermoplastic.
A noter qu'il serait possible d'imaginer un four dans lequel serait logé le dispositif d'imprégnation 80 apte à résister à la température du four.Note that it would be possible to imagine an oven in which the impregnating device 80 would be housed, able to withstand the temperature of the oven.
A la sortie du four est placé un dispositif de conformation 100 qui peut comprendre une filière de section calibrée appropriée pour conformer la nappe à la forme et aux dimensions souhaitées pour l'âme. On peut aussi utiliser plusieurs filières.At the outlet of the furnace is placed a shaping device 100 which may comprise a die of calibrated cross-section suitable for shaping the web to the desired shape and dimensions for the core. Several channels can also be used.
Suivant différents modes de réalisation, l'orifice de la filière peut être sensiblement circulaire pour former une âme en tige, ou de forme plus complexe pour former une âme conformée suivant un profil particulier.According to various embodiments, the orifice of the die may be substantially circular to form a core rod, or more complex shape to form a core shaped according to a particular profile.
L'orifice de la filière peut être de toute autre forme par exemple rectangulaire pour former un ruban.The orifice of the die may be of any other shape, for example rectangular to form a ribbon.
L'orifice de la filière est avantageusement réalisé dans une pièce amovible qui se fixe sur un support fixe, ce qui permet un nettoyage et un remplacement aisés.The orifice of the die is advantageously made in a removable part which is fixed on a fixed support, which allows easy cleaning and replacement.
La filière est avantageusement chauffante pour maintenir les surfaces de conformation à une température voisine du point de fusion ou de la température de malléabilité du thermoplastique de la nappe. On utilise par exemple un chauffage par un ou plusieurs colliers chauffants à résistance électrique enserrant une ou plusieurs zones de la filière.The die is advantageously heated to maintain the shaping surfaces at a temperature close to the melting point or the malleable temperature of the thermoplastic of the web. For example, heating is used by one or more electric resistance heating collars enclosing one or more zones of the die.
Les figures 2 et 3 représentent le dispositif de conformation 100 constitué d'une filière. Cette dernière comprend un corps sensiblement cylindrique 105 comprenant une ouverture large 107 en amont, par laquelle est introduite la nappe 12, une cavité 106 conique et dont la hauteur décroît jusqu'au diamètre désiré du jonc (en tige) à former, et en aval, une cavité circulaire débouchante 108 par exemple de 5 à 20 mm de longueur par laquelle sort le jonc 13 formé.Figures 2 and 3 show the shaping device 100 consisting of a die. The latter comprises a substantially cylindrical body 105 comprising a wide opening 107 upstream, through which is introduced the ply 12, a conical cavity 106 and whose height decreases to the desired diameter of the rod (rod) to form, and downstream , a circular opening cavity 108 for example 5 to 20 mm in length through which the rod 13 formed.
Une partie du corps sensiblement cylindrique 105 est disposé dans un corps de chauffe 109. Le chauffage peut notamment être assuré par des résistances électriques sous la forme de ceintures chauffantes disposées autour du corps de chauffe 109.A portion of the substantially cylindrical body 105 is disposed in a heating body 109. The heating may in particular be provided by electrical resistances in the form of heating belts arranged around of the heating body 109.
Le dispositif 100 a pour but de transformer la nappe 12 en un jonc 13 de diamètre constant (tige) constitué par le rapprochement en contigu des fils 1 1 pour réaliser une continuité transversale dudit jonc. Ainsi, le dispositif 100 concentre la nappe autour de l'axe central de la ligne pour diminuer sa largeur qui avait été augmentée lors de son passage dans le dispositif d'imprégnation 80, et la recentre par rapport à l'axe central de la ligne de fabrication pour guider le jonc convenablement en aval.The purpose of the device 100 is to transform the sheet 12 into a rod 13 of constant diameter (rod) constituted by the contiguous approach of the wires 1 1 to achieve a transverse continuity of said ring. Thus, the device 100 concentrates the web around the central axis of the line to reduce its width which has been increased during its passage in the impregnating device 80, and the refocused with respect to the central axis of the line of manufacture to guide the rod suitably downstream.
Après le dispositif de conformation 100 est situé le dispositif de gainage 200, visible à la figure 4. Ce dispositif de gainage 200 est une filière alimentée d'une part par le jonc 13 obtenu comme décrit ci-dessus, et d'autre part par un moyen 300, notamment une extrudeuse connue de l'homme du métier, qui apporte sous pression un mélange 15 à base d'une matière organique thermoplastique fondue (par exemple polypropylène) et des charges et/ou des renforts par exemple des filaments coupés de verre AR.After the shaping device 100 is located the cladding device 200, visible in Figure 4. This cladding device 200 is a die fed on the one hand by the rod 13 obtained as described above, and on the other hand by means 300, in particular an extruder known to those skilled in the art, which brings under pressure a mixture based on a molten thermoplastic organic material (for example polypropylene) and fillers and / or reinforcements, for example cut filaments of AR glass.
La figure 4 représente une coupe partiellement éclatée de ce dispositif de gainage 200, représenté en perspective. La coupe est effectuée perpendiculairement au plan central du jonc 13, et au sens du défilement du jonc 13. La partie éclatée permet de visualiser les moyens 300 pour apporter le mélange 15 et le parcours de ce dernier 15 dans le dispositif de gainage 200.Figure 4 shows a partially exploded section of this cladding device 200, shown in perspective. The cut is made perpendicularly to the central plane of the rod 13, and in the direction of the scrolling rod 13. The exploded portion allows to display the means 300 to bring the mixture 15 and the course of the latter 15 in the cladding device 200.
Le dispositif de gainage 200 comprend une entrée 201 pour un jonc 13, introduit dans le sens de la flèche F1 et une entrée 211 pour le mélange 15 introduit dans le sens de la flèche F2.The cladding device 200 comprises an inlet 201 for a rod 13, introduced in the direction of the arrow F1 and an inlet 211 for the mixture 15 introduced in the direction of the arrow F2.
Le jonc 13 défile dans une cavité 202 pour aboutir dans une cavité débouchante 203, typiquement de longueur entre 5 et 20 mm donnant sur la sortie 204.The rod 13 runs in a cavity 202 to end in a through cavity 203, typically of length between 5 and 20 mm leading to the outlet 204.
Le mélange parcourt des canaux 212, 213 situés à l'écart de la cavité 202. Ces canaux sont destinés à alimenter en mélange 15 la cavité 203 par plusieurs côtés.The mixture travels through channels 212, 213 located away from cavity 202. These channels are intended to feed mixture 203 into cavity 203 from several sides.
Les canaux 212, 213 comportent par exemple des rétrécissements 214, 215 pour déboucher dans des canaux 216, 217 à section inférieure à celle des canaux 212, 213 et débouchent dans la cavité 203. On crée ainsi des surpressions du mélange 15 favorisant un contact intime entre le mélange 15 et le jonc 13, tout en évitant un refoulement vers l'amont du mélange en entrée de filière de gainage. La surpression d'un tel mélange contribue en outre à la création de la rugosité de la gaine 141 dès la sortie du dispositif.The channels 212, 213 comprise for example shrinks 214, 215 to open into channels 216, 217 with a lower section than the channels 212, 213 and open into the cavity 203. This creates overpressures of the mixture 15 promoting an intimate contact between the mixture 15 and the rod 13, while avoiding upstream displacement of the mixture at the inlet of cladding die. The overpressure of such a mixture further contributes to the creation of the roughness of the sheath 141 right out of the device.
La cavité 203 peut être dessinée de manière à ce que le mélange 15 converge de manière homogène dans toutes les directions autour du jonc 13. Pour obtenir cette fonction on peut notamment utiliser un guide tronconique 220 comportant des parois inclinées 218, 219 situé autour de la cavité 202.The cavity 203 can be designed so that the mixture 15 converges homogeneously in all directions around the rod 13. To obtain this function, it is possible to use a frustoconical guide 220 comprising inclined walls 218, 219 located around the cavity 202.
Dans une variante, l'alimentation peut se faire par un seul côté lorsqu'un élément asymétrique est souhaité.In a variant, the supply can be made by a single side when an asymmetrical element is desired.
Il faut noter que la position du dispositif d'extrusion 300 représentée ici en tête d'équerre n'est nullement limitative : en effet il peut être situé en toute position autour de l'axe de parcours du jonc 13.It should be noted that the position of the extrusion device 300 represented here at the head of a square is in no way limiting: in fact it can be located in any position around the axis of travel of the rod 13.
Le refroidissement final du jonc gainé rugueux 14 est réalisé au moyen du bac de refroidissement 1 10, notamment à eau, dans lequel passe le jonc gainé rugueux 14 lors de son défilement. Le bac 1 10 peut comprendre des moyens de projection du liquide de refroidissement sur le jonc gainé rugueux 14.The final cooling of the rough sheathed rod 14 is achieved by means of the cooling tank 1 10, in particular water, in which passes the wrapped rush ring 14 during its scrolling. The tank 1 10 may include means for spraying the cooling liquid on the rough wrapped rod 14.
Au cours de tous ses refroidissements, toute la masse de la matière thermoplastique de gaine 141 fige donnant la gaine rugueuse 16 souhaitée ainsi que la matière thermoplastique de l'âme permettant la solidarisation des fibres entre eux et la liaison des renforts fibreux à la gaine.During all its cooling, the entire mass of the thermoplastic sheath material 141 freezes the desired rough sheath 16 and the thermoplastic material of the core for joining the fibers together and the connection of the fibrous reinforcements to the sheath.
Postérieurement au bac de refroidissement est implanté un banc de tirage à chenilles 120 qui constitue de manière connue un moyen d'entraînement des fils et du jonc, exerçant un effort de traction tout au long de la ligne. Il impose la vitesse de dévidage et de traction de la nappe puis du jonc 13.Subsequent to the cooling tank is implanted a crawler draw bench 120 which constitutes in a known manner a means for driving the son and the rod, exerting a tensile force along the line. It imposes the speed of feeding and traction of the web then the rod 13.
Enfin, le dispositif de fabrication peut comprendre en terminaison de ligne, une cisaille ou une scie (non représentée) destinée à découper le jonc rugueux rigidifié de manière à former l'élément composite allongé rugueux 10 convenant pour le renforcement de matrice cimentaire.Finally, the manufacturing device can comprise in line termination, a shear or saw (not shown) for cutting the stiffened stiffened rod to form the elongated composite element 10 suitable for cement matrix reinforcement.
MISE EN OEUVRE DU PROCEDEIMPLEMENTATION OF THE PROCESS
La mise en œuvre du procédé peut s'effectuer de la manière suivante.The implementation of the method can be carried out as follows.
La mise en route du procédé s'effectue d'abord en tirant et en amenant manuellement chaque fil 11 des bobines 2 jusqu'au banc de tirage 120 où chaque fil est alors maintenu pincée, l'ensemble des fils passant au travers les divers dispositifs décrits plus haut. Le four 70 ainsi que les éléments chauffants du dispositif 1 sont montés en température pour atteindre une température nettement supérieure à la température de fusion et choisie en fonction de la vitesse de traction.The start of the process is carried out first by pulling and manually feeding each wire 11 of the coils 2 to the draw bench 120 where each wire is then held pinched, all of the son passing through the various devices described above. The oven 70 and the heating elements of the device 1 are mounted in temperature to reach a temperature significantly higher than the melting temperature and chosen according to the speed of traction.
Les autres moyens fonctionnent aux températures suivantes :The other means operate at the following temperatures:
- organes du dispositif imprégnation 80 : 200 à 250 °C;impregnation device members 80: 200 to 250 ° C .;
- dispositif de conformation 100: 200°C.- Shaping device 100: 200 ° C.
Le banc de tirage 120 est mis en fonctionnement, le dévidage des bobines 2 commence.The draw bench 120 is put into operation, the reeling of the reels 2 begins.
La vitesse de traction est par exemple de 5 à 10 m/min mais peut atteindre 50 m/min sans difficultés.The traction speed is for example 5 to 10 m / min but can reach 50 m / min without difficulties.
Les fils 1 1 passent au travers des œillets, puis à cheval des barreaux dans le dispositif 40, et sont rassemblés au travers des dents du peigne 50 pour former en sortie la nappe 12 de fibres parallèles.The son 1 1 pass through the eyelets, then riding bars in the device 40, and are collected through the teeth of the comb 50 to form the sheet 12 of parallel fibers.
La nappe 12 rentre ensuite dans le four 70 de façon que la matière thermoplastique du fil composite atteigne sa température de fusion. En sortie, elle passe entre les cylindres chauffants du dispositif 80 qui permettent de la laminer, et de répartir uniformément la matière thermoplastique qui enrobe ainsi les filaments de verre.The ply 12 then enters the furnace 70 so that the thermoplastic material of the composite yarn reaches its melting temperature. At the outlet, it passes between the heating cylinders of the device 80 which allow it to be laminated, and to uniformly distribute the thermoplastic material which thus coats the glass filaments.
Remarquons que la quantité de matière thermoplastique n'est pas à doser puisque celle-ci est directement intégrée à la matière première du jonc par son comêlage avec les filaments de verre.Note that the amount of thermoplastic material is not to be assayed since it is directly integrated with the raw material of the rod by its drawing with the glass filaments.
La température de la nappe atteint après le passage dans ce dispositif 80 une température de 180°C à 200°C.The temperature of the web reaches after passing through this device 80 a temperature of 180 ° C to 200 ° C.
Puis la nappe 12 défile à travers la filière du dispositif de conformation 100 pour la transformer en un jonc 13, conformé en tige en resserrant les fils les uns contre les autres et en les disposant de manière contiguë. Après conformation, le jonc 13 présente une température inférieure à 160°C.Then the web 12 passes through the die of the shaping device 100 to transform it into a rod 13, shaped rod by tightening the son against each other and arranging them contiguously. After shaping, the rod 13 has a temperature below 160 ° C.
Le diamètre de la filière 100 ainsi que le diamètre d'entrée du dispositif de gainage 200 sont fonction du type et du nombre de bobines.The diameter of the die 100 as well as the input diameter of the sheathing device 200 are a function of the type and the number of coils.
Le jonc 13 pénètre dans le dispositif de gainage 200 après un parcours qui le refroidit quelque peu. Ce dispositif 200 est alimenté simultanément par le mélange 15.The rod 13 enters the cladding device 200 after a course that cools it somewhat. This device 200 is fed simultaneously with the mixture 15.
On ajuste le seuil de pression dans le dispositif de gainage 200 en fonction du choix des renforts et/ou des charges afin obtenir un jonc gainé particulièrement rugueux 14 en sortie 204 du dispositif de gainage 200. Lorsque les renforts sont des filaments de verre, la rugosité de surface est obtenue pour toute valeur de pression.The pressure threshold is adjusted in the sheathing device 200 as a function of the choice of reinforcements and / or loads in order to obtain a particularly wrapped rod. at the outlet 204 of the cladding device 200. When the reinforcements are glass filaments, the surface roughness is obtained for any pressure value.
Dans un premier exemple de fabrication d'un bâtonnet ou mini rebar rugueux (voir figure 5) on choisit 14 bobines de fils composites bobinés (rovings), de titre individuel égal à 399 tex. On choisit en outre de réaliser un mélange qui contient 70% en poids de polypropylène (PP) à l'étant fondu et 30% de filaments coupés de verre AR. Ce mélange est obtenu en versant dans l'extrudeuse des granulés avec des filaments de verre courts.In a first example of manufacture of a rod or mini rebar rough (see Figure 5) we choose 14 coils son composite rovings (rovings), individual title equal to 399 tex. It is furthermore decided to make a mixture which contains 70% by weight of polypropylene (PP) to the melt and 30% of cut AR glass filaments. This mixture is obtained by pouring into the extruder granules with short glass filaments.
Dans un deuxième exemple de fabrication d'un mini rebar rugueux (voir figure 6), on choisit également 14 bobines de fils composites bobinés (rovings) de titre individuel égal à 399 tex. On choisit en outre de réaliser un mélange qui contient 70% en poids de polypropylène (PP) à l'étant fondu et 30% de talc. Ce mélange est obtenu en versant dans l'extrudeuse des granulés à base de talc.In a second example of manufacture of a rough mini rebar (see FIG. 6), one also chooses 14 coils of composite wound yarns (rovings) of individual title equal to 399 tex. It is furthermore decided to make a mixture which contains 70% by weight of polypropylene (PP) to the melt and 30% of talc. This mixture is obtained by pouring into the extruder talc-based granules.
Dans ces deux exemples de fabrication d'un mini-rebar rugueux, le diamètre de la filière 100 est égal à 2,2 mm et le diamètre d'entrée de la filière de gainage 200 est égal à 2,1 mm le diamètre de la sortie 204 est égal à 2,4 mm, et la température dans la cavité 203 est égale à 175°C. Le débit de l'extrudeuse est par exemple de 5 tr/min et la vitesse de traction de 10 m/min.In these two examples of manufacturing a rough mini-rebar, the diameter of the die 100 is equal to 2.2 mm and the inlet diameter of the cladding die 200 is equal to 2.1 mm the diameter of the output 204 is equal to 2.4 mm, and the temperature in cavity 203 is 175 ° C. The flow rate of the extruder is for example 5 rpm and the pulling speed of 10 m / min.
Dans un troisième exemple de fabrication d'un mini rebar rugueux on choisit également 3 bobines de fils composites bobinés (rovings) de titre individuel égal à 1800 tex. On choisit en outre de réaliser un mélange qui contient 60% en poids de polypropylène (PP) à l'état fondu et 40% de filaments de verre AR plus ou moins broyés et individualisés. Ce mélange est obtenu en versant dans l'extrudeuse des granulés de PP et des granulés à 75% de verre et comprenant des filaments de verre longs de 12 mm.In a third example of manufacture of a rough mini rebar is also chosen 3 coils of composite son rovings (rovings) of individual title equal to 1800 tex. It is furthermore decided to produce a mixture which contains 60% by weight of polypropylene (PP) in the molten state and 40% of AR glass filaments more or less ground and individualized. This mixture is obtained by pouring into the extruder PP granules and granules with 75% glass and comprising glass filaments 12 mm long.
Le tableau 1 ci -après dresse les conditions de fabrications de 2 mini rebars à gaine lisse n°3a et 3b et de 5 mini rebars à gaine rugueuse n°3c à 3g, à différentes températures et pression. Table 1 below sets forth the manufacturing conditions of 2 mini rebars with smooth sheath no 3a and 3b and 5 mini rebars with 3c sheath at 3g, at different temperatures and pressures.
Tableau 1Table 1
Dans un exemple de fabrication d'un rebar rugueux (voir figures 7a et 7b) on choisit 285 fils composites bobinés (rovings) à partir de 57*5 rovings assemblés, le titre individuel étant égal à 400 tex. On choisit en outre de réaliser un mélange qui contient 70% en poids de PP à l'état fondu et 30% de filaments de verre AR coupés. Ce mélange est obtenu en versant dans l'extrudeuse des granulés contenant des filaments de verre courts.In an example of manufacturing a rough rebar (see FIGS. 7a and 7b), 285 composite wound yarns (rovings) are selected from 57 * 5 assembled rovings, the individual title being equal to 400 tex. It is furthermore decided to make a mixture which contains 70% by weight of PP in the molten state and 30% of cut AR glass filaments. This mixture is obtained by pouring granules containing short glass filaments into the extruder.
Dans un deuxième exemple de fabrication d'un rebar rugueux (voir figures 8a et 8b), on choisit 285 fils composites bobinés (rovings) à partir de 57*5 rovings assemblés, le titre individuel étant égal à 400 tex. On choisit en outre de réaliser un mélange qui contient 70% en poids de PP à l'état fondu et 30% de filaments de verre AR plus ou moins broyés et individualisés. Ce mélange est obtenu en versant dans l'extrudeuse des granulés de PP et des granulés à 75% de verre et comprenant des filaments de verre longs de 12 mm.In a second example of making a rough rebar (see FIGS. 8a and 8b), 285 composite wound yarns (rovings) are chosen from 57 * 5 assembled rovings, the individual title being equal to 400 tex. It is furthermore chosen to produce a mixture which contains 70% by weight of PP in the molten state and 30% of AR glass filaments more or less ground and individualized. This mixture is obtained by pouring into the extruder PP granules and granules with 75% glass and comprising glass filaments 12 mm long.
Dans ces deux exemples de fabrication d'un rebar rugueux, le diamètre de la filière 100 est égal à 10,1 mm, le diamètre d'entrée de la filière de gainage 200 est égal à 10 mm, le diamètre de la sortie 204 est égal à 10,2 mm et la température dans la cavité 203 est égale à 210°C. Le débit de l'extrudeuse est par exemple de 5 tr/min et la vitesse de traction de 10 m/min.In these two examples of manufacturing a rough rebar, the diameter of the die 100 is equal to 10.1 mm, the inlet diameter of the cladding die 200 is equal to 10 mm, the diameter of the outlet 204 is equal to 10.2 mm and the temperature in the cavity 203 is equal to 210 ° C. The flow rate of the extruder is for example 5 rpm and the pulling speed of 10 m / min.
Les figures 5 et 6 montrent des photos (qui ne sont pas à l'échelle) des bâtonnets ou mini rebars 10A, 10B respectivement obtenus à partir du procédé décrit ci-dessus et à l'aide du dispositif de la figure 1.FIGS. 5 and 6 show photos (which are not to scale) of rods or mini rebars 10A, 10B respectively obtained from the method described above and with the aid of the device of FIG.
Le premier mini-rebar 10A (figure 5) présente une surface rugueuse 9OA d'aspect granuleux. Les filaments de verre AR sont dispersés dans la gaine et sont orientés ou non suivant l'axe longitudinal. Les filaments conservent pour la plupart leur longueur initiale de 0,2 mm environ. L'amplitude maximale de la rugosité est estimée à 0,2 mm environ.The first mini-rebar 10A (FIG. 5) has a rough surface 9OA of granular appearance. The AR glass filaments are dispersed in the sheath and are oriented or not along the longitudinal axis. The filaments mostly retain their initial length of about 0.2 mm. The maximum amplitude of the roughness is estimated at about 0.2 mm.
Le deuxième minirebar 10B (figure 6) présente une surface boudinée 9OB. La gaine rugueuse est dotée de bourrelets 91 B, conférant cet aspect boursouflé. Chaque bourrelet 91 B est un renflement allongé relativement lisse de largeur de l'ordre du mm et de hauteur (par rapport à un creux) égale à 1 ,5 mm.The second minirebar 10B (Figure 6) has a corrugated surface 9OB. The rough sheath is provided with beads 91 B, conferring this blistered appearance. Each bead 91 B is a relatively smooth elongated bulge of width of the order of mm and height (with respect to a hollow) equal to 1.5 mm.
La longueur des minirebars 10 A, 10B est égale à 50 mm.The minirebar length 10 A, 10B is equal to 50 mm.
La figure 7a est une photo (qui n'est pas à l'échelle) du rebar 10C.Figure 7a is a photo (not scaled) of rebar 10C.
Ce rebar 10C présente une surface rugueuse 9OC d'aspect granuleux similaire à celui du mini-rebar 10A.This rebar 10C has a rough surface 9OC of granular appearance similar to that of the mini-rebar 10A.
Les figures 8a à 8b montrent des photos (qui ne sont pas à l'échelle) du rebar 10D.Figures 8a to 8b show photos (not scaled) of the rebar 10D.
La gaine 9OD présente une rugosité marquée sous forme d'une succession de « collerettes » 91 D entourant l'âme. L'amplitude maximale de la rugosité est de l'ordre du mm.The sheath 9OD has a marked roughness in the form of a succession of "collars" 91 D surrounding the core. The maximum amplitude of the roughness is of the order of mm.
La longueur des rebars rugueux 10C, 10D est égale à 50 mm.The length of the rough rebars 10C, 10D is equal to 50 mm.
Par ailleurs, on peut aussi bien réaliser des armatures composites voire des grilles composites résultant de l'assemblage de rebars rugueux selon l'invention.Furthermore, it is also possible to produce composite reinforcement or composite grids resulting from the assembly of rough rebars according to the invention.
On peut en outre remplacer au moins la matière thermoplastique de l'âme d'un (mini) rebar rugueux selon l'invention par une résine thermodurcissable en adaptant la pultrusion et le gainage en conséquence.It is also possible to replace at least the thermoplastic material of the core of a rough (mini) rebar according to the invention with a thermosetting resin by adapting the pultrusion and the sheathing accordingly.
ESSAIS EPROUVETTES CIMENTTESTING TESTS CEMENT
La résistance en traction des (mini) rebars 10A à 10D a été testée. Pour ce faire, on noie une extrémité du rebar 10A à 10D dans un pavé de composition cimentaire. La longueur enchâssée est de 40 mm et la composition cimentaire comprend :The tensile strength of the (mini) rebars 10A to 10D was tested. To do this, we drown one end of the rebar 10A to 10D in a pavement of cementitious composition. The encased length is 40 mm and the cement composition comprises:
- du ciment PORTLAND CPA52.5: 75 parties en poids,PORTLAND CPA52.5 cement: 75 parts by weight,
- du sable : 25 parties en poids, - de l'eau : 32 parties en poids.sand: 25 parts by weight, water: 32 parts by weight.
Le bloc de ciment ainsi renforcé est ensuite vieilli selon le cycle suivant : - 1 heure à l'air air libre,The cement block thus reinforced is then aged according to the following cycle: - 1 hour in the open air,
- 4 jours dans l'eau à température ambiante,- 4 days in water at room temperature,
- 24 heures à l'air libre.- 24 hours in the open air.
On mesure en traction la force nécessaire à l'arrachement du rebar. Ce test s'inspire du test « SIC » ou « Strand in Cernent ».The force required to tear the rebar is measured in tension. This test is based on the "SIC" or "Strand in Cernent" test.
La résistance à l'arrachement est supérieure à la force de rupture du rebar. Plutôt qu'une rupture brutale et fragile, on observe pour chacun des rebars rugueux 1 OA à 1 OD un déchaussement progressif par une succession de « pull out élémentaires » c'est-à-dire de décrochages successifs des « pointes » de rugosités des rebars. Ces rebars confèrent ainsi au ciment renforcé la « ductilité » souhaitée en cas d'endommagement par excès de charge.The tear resistance is greater than the breaking force of the rebar. Rather than a sudden and fragile break, we observe for each of the rough rebars 1 OA to 1 OD a gradual release by a succession of "elementary pull out" that is to say, successive stalls of the "spikes" roughness of rebars. These rebars thus give the reinforced cement the desired "ductility" in case of damage due to excessive load.
Pour comparer les différents types de gainages des mini rebars n°3a à n°3f on choisit de réduire la force d'accroché du jonc dans la matrice cimentaire en coupant le cube de ciment à 2 cm afin de diminuer la longueur d'accroché du jonc dans le ciment et ainsi de bien faire glisser le jonc dans le bloc de ciment.To compare the different types of sheathing of the mini rebars n ° 3a to n ° 3f one chooses to reduce the force of hooking of the rod in the cement matrix by cutting the cube of cement to 2 cm in order to decrease the length of hanging of the rush in the cement and thus to slide the ring well into the cement block.
Le tableau 2 indique les tenues maximales - en N/cm - des mini rebars avant casse, par glissement du jonc (avec du ciment). On observe que le gainage rugueux des mini-rebars n°3c à 3f permet d'augmenter significativement l'accroche du jonc dans le ciment.Table 2 shows the maximum wear - in N / cm - of the mini rebars before breakage, by sliding of the rod (with cement). It is observed that the rough sheathing of mini-rebars n ° 3c to 3f makes it possible to significantly increase the grip of the rod in the cement.
Tableau 2 ESSAIS POUTRES CIMENTTable 2 TESTING CEMENT BEAMS
On fabrique des poutres en ciment de dimensions 2 cm x 2 cm x 16 cm. La matrice cimentaire utilisée est une matrice classique composée de 57% ciment de 19% de sable LA32 et de 24% d'eau.Cement beams of dimensions 2 cm x 2 cm x 16 cm are manufactured. The cement matrix used is a conventional matrix composed of 57% cement of 19% LA32 sand and 24% water.
Une poutre A est renforcée avec le mini rebar n° 3a de référence et une poutre B est renforcée avec le mini rebar n° 3f selon l'invention.A beam A is reinforced with the reference mini rebar No. 3a and a beam B is reinforced with the mini rebar No. 3f according to the invention.
Après 24h dans l'eau puis 13 jours à température ambiante, les poutres A et B sont cassées en flexion « 3 points ». Le test est réalisé avec une distance entre appuis de 10 cm (pour obtenir une contrainte à la flexion) et avec une vitesse de déplacement de 1 mm/min. Les rebars n° 3a et n°3f sont placés à 1/3 de l'épaisseur des poutres A, B lors de la sollicitation. Le déplacement de la traverse est constant et on note la force (en N) et le déplacement (en mm).After 24 hours in the water and then 13 days at room temperature, the beams A and B are broken in flexion "3 points". The test is performed with a distance between supports of 10 cm (to obtain a bending stress) and with a movement speed of 1 mm / min. The rebars Nos. 3a and 3f are placed 1/3 of the thickness of the beams A, B during the loading. The displacement of the cross is constant and we note the force (in N) and the displacement (in mm).
La figure 9 montre ainsi deux courbes 1000A et 1000B donnant respectivement l'évolution de la force (en N) en fonction du déplacement de la traverse (en mm) pour les poutres A et B.FIG. 9 thus shows two curves 1000A and 1000B respectively giving the evolution of the force (in N) as a function of the displacement of the crossbar (in mm) for the beams A and B.
On note deux comportements différents entre les poutres A et B. La poutre B montre une meilleure tenue en sollicitation après rupture. Le gainage présent sur le mini rebar 3f utilisé dans la poutre B joue son rôle de maintien après fissuration de la poutre.Two different behaviors are noted between the beams A and B. The beam B shows a better resistance in stress after rupture. The cladding present on the mini rebar 3f used in the beam B plays its role of maintaining after cracking of the beam.
Deux zones des courbes 1000A, 1000B sont remarquables :Two areas of the 1000A, 1000B curves are remarkable:
- les points X, X' qui traduisent la rupture de la poutre de cimentthe points X, X 'which translate the rupture of the cement beam
- les pentes, prises justes après les points X, X', symbolisant la reprise de force des rebars après fissuration du ciment.- the slopes, taken just after the points X, X ', symbolizing the rebound force rebars after cracking of the cement.
Le gainage est bien solidaire du jonc, il n'y a pas de phénomène de glissement du gainage sur le jonc.The cladding is firmly attached to the rod, there is no slip phenomenon of the cladding on the rod.
Après rupture du ciment, on voit que la poutre A de référence permet une reprise des efforts très faible, bien inférieure à la force de rupture de la poutre. La poutre B renforcée permet également une reprise des efforts après casse de la poutre de ciment. Cette reprise est beaucoup plus importante et permet même de dépasser la force de rupture initiale de la poutre. La forte pente met en avant les phénomènes de frottement et d'absorption d'énergie lors du déchaussement progressif des mini rebars rugueux dans la matrice cimentaire. Le mini-rebar à gaine rugueuse n°3f a donc bien un effet dans une matrice cimentaire, il permet de conserver une tenue de la structure après fissuration de celle-ci. After breaking the cement, we see that the reference beam A allows a recovery of very low forces, well below the breaking strength of the beam. The reinforced beam B also allows a recovery of efforts after breakage of the cement beam. This recovery is much larger and even exceeds the initial breaking force of the beam. The steep slope highlights the phenomena of friction and energy absorption during the gradual removal of the rough mini rebars in the cement matrix. Mini-rebar sheathed rough No. 3f therefore has an effect in a cement matrix, it allows to maintain a structure of the structure after cracking it.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Procédé de fabrication d'un élément allongé composite rugueux (10, 1 OA, 1 OB, 1 OC, 1 OD, 14), dans lequel : on introduit simultanément, dans un dispositif de gainage (200), un jonc (13) essentiellement plein à base d'une matière organique et de fils de renforcement (1 1 ) ainsi qu'un mélange (15) comprenant une matière thermoplastique fondue et l'un au moins des constituants suivants : un renfort et une charge, le jonc étant tiré par un moyen de traction (120) en aval du dispositif de gainage, on gaine le jonc en formant une couche du mélange adhérant sur le jonc, la rugosité de la gaine (141 , 90 A à 90 D) ainsi formée étant créée par la sortie du jonc gainé du dispositif de gainage.1. A method of manufacturing a rough composite elongate element (10, 1 OA, 1 OB, 1 OC, 1 OD, 14), wherein: a rod (13) is introduced simultaneously into a cladding device (200). ) substantially solid based on an organic material and reinforcement son (1 1) and a mixture (15) comprising a molten thermoplastic material and at least one of the following constituents: a reinforcement and a load, the rush being pulled by a traction means (120) downstream of the cladding device, the rod is sheathed by forming a layer of the mixture adhering to the rod, the roughness of the sheath (141, 90 A to 90 D) thus formed being created by the outlet of the wrapped ring of the cladding device.
2. Procédé de fabrication de l'élément allongé composite rugueux (10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 14) selon la revendication 1 caractérisé en ce que ledit mélange (15) étant en pression lors de la formation de ladite couche, la pression est ajustée en fonction des constituants et à partir de l'un au moins des paramètres suivants : le débit d'alimentation dudit mélange (15), la vitesse de traction dudit jonc (13), le dimensionnement de la zone de formation de la couche (203) du dispositif de gainage, la taille de l'ouverture de sortie (204) du dispositif de gainage.2. A method of manufacturing the rough composite elongated element (10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 14) according to claim 1 characterized in that said mixture (15) being in pressure during the formation of said layer, the pressure is adjusted according to the constituents and from at least one of the following parameters: the feed rate of said mixture (15), the pulling speed of said rod (13), the dimensioning of the formation zone of the layer (203) of the cladding device, the size of the outlet opening (204) of the cladding device.
3. Procédé de fabrication de l'élément allongé composite rugueux (10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 14) selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2 caractérisé en ce que la matière organique est thermoplastique.3. A method of manufacturing the elongate composite element rough (10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 14) according to one of claims 1 or 2 characterized in that the organic material is thermoplastic.
4. Procédé de fabrication de l'élément allongé composite rugueux (10, 10A, 10C, 10D, 14) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3 caractérisé en ce que le renfort comprend des filaments.4. The method of manufacturing the composite elongate rough element (10, 10A, 10C, 10D, 14) according to one of claims 1 to 3 characterized in that the reinforcement comprises filaments.
5. Procédé de fabrication de l'élément allongé composite rugueux (10, 10A, 10C, 10D, 14) selon la revendication 4 caractérisé en ce que les filaments comprennent des filaments de verre alcali résistant.5. A method of manufacturing the elongate composite element rough (10, 10A, 10C, 10D, 14) according to claim 4 characterized in that the filaments comprise filaments of alkali resistant glass.
6. Procédé de fabrication de l'élément allongé composite rugueux (10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 14) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5 caractérisé en ce que les fils de renforcement (1 1 ) comprennent des filaments de verre alcali résistant. 6. Process for manufacturing the rough composite elongated element (10, 10A, 10B, 10C, 10D, 14) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the reinforcing threads (1 1) comprise filaments of resistant alkali glass.
7. Procédé de fabrication de l'élément allongé composite rugueux selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6 caractérisé en ce qu'avant l'introduction du mélange, on prépare au moins une partie dudit mélange en déroulant des fils multifilamentaires bobinés, en coupant lesdits fils pour former des fibres et en dispersant dans une extrudeuse alimentant le dispositif de gainage lesdites fibres dans ladite matière thermoplastique.7. A method of manufacturing the composite elongate rough element according to one of claims 1 to 6 characterized in that before the introduction of the mixture, at least a portion of said mixture is prepared by unwinding coiled multifilament son, by cutting said yarns for forming fibers and dispersing in an extruder feeding the cladding device said fibers into said thermoplastic material.
8. Procédé de fabrication de l'élément allongé composite rugueux (10, 1 OA, 1 OB, 1 OC, 1 OD, 14) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7 caractérisé en ce qu'avant ladite introduction du mélange (15), on prépare au moins une partie dudit mélange (15) en incorporant dans une extrudeuse (300) alimentant le dispositif de gainage (200), au moins un composé comprenant des filaments et ladite matière thermoplastique.8. A method of manufacturing the composite elongate rough element (10, 1 OA, 1 OB, 1 OC, 1 OD, 14) according to one of claims 1 to 7 characterized in that before said introduction of the mixture (15 at least a portion of said mixture (15) is prepared by incorporating into an extruder (300) feeding the sheathing device (200) at least one compound comprising filaments and said thermoplastic material.
9. Procédé de fabrication de l'élément allongé composite rugueux (10, 1 OA, 1 OB, 1 OC, 1 OD, 14) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8 caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une étape de formation du jonc (13) incluant l'introduction d'une nappe desdits fils de renforcement associés à la matière organique (12) dans un dispositif de conformation (100), de manière à obtenir ledit jonc (13) constitué par le rapprochement en contigu des fils de renforcement (11 ) formant une continuité transversale.9. A method of manufacturing the elongated composite element rough (10, 1 OA, 1 OB, 1 OC, 1 OD, 14) according to one of claims 1 to 8 characterized in that it comprises a step of forming the rod (13) including the introduction of a web of said reinforcing son associated with the organic material (12) in a shaping device (100), so as to obtain said rod (13) constituted by the contiguous approximation of the yarns reinforcement (11) forming transverse continuity.
10. Elément allongé composite rugueux (10, 1 OA, 1 OB, 1 OC, 1 OD, 14) comprenant une âme à base d'une matière organique et de fils de renforcement et qui est revêtue d'une gaine rugueuse (141 , 16, 9OA à 90D) à base d'une matière thermoplastique et de l'un au moins des constituants suivants : un renfort et une charge, ledit élément étant susceptible d'être obtenu par le procédé de fabrication selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9.A rough composite elongated member (10, 1 OA, 1 OB, 1 OC, 1 OD, 14) comprising a core of organic material and reinforcing threads and which is coated with a rough sheath (141, 16, 90A to 90D) based on a thermoplastic material and at least one of the following constituents: a reinforcement and a filler, said element being capable of being obtained by the manufacturing method according to one of claims 1 to 9.
11. Elément allongé composite rugueux (10D) selon la revendication 10 caractérisé en ce que la gaine (90D) présente un aspect pelucheux.11. Elongate composite element rough (10D) according to claim 10 characterized in that the sheath (90D) has a fluffy appearance.
12. Elément allongé composite rugueux (10D) selon l'une des revendications 10 ou 1 1 caractérisé en ce que le renfort comprend des filaments avec une distribution de longueurs comprise entre 0,5 et 5 mm.12. elongated composite element rough (10D) according to one of claims 10 or 1 1 characterized in that the reinforcement comprises filaments with a length distribution between 0.5 and 5 mm.
13. Elément allongé composite rugueux (1 OA, 10D) selon l'une des revendications 10 à 12 caractérisé en ce que le renfort comprend des filaments de longueur moyenne comprise entre 0,2 et 0,5 mm. 13. elongated composite element rough (1 OA, 10D) according to one of claims 10 to 12 characterized in that the reinforcement comprises filaments of average length between 0.2 and 0.5 mm.
14. Elément allongé composite rugueux (10B) selon l'une des revendications 10 à 13 caractérisé en ce que le renfort comprend du talc.14. elongated composite element rough (10B) according to one of claims 10 to 13 characterized in that the reinforcement comprises talc.
15. Elément allongé composite rugueux (10B) selon l'une des revendications 12 à 14 caractérisé en ce que la gaine rugueuse (90B) est dotée de bourrelets (91 B), présentant ainsi un aspect boursouflé.15. elongated rough composite element (10B) according to one of claims 12 to 14 characterized in that the rough sheath (90B) is provided with beads (91 B), thus having a blistered appearance.
16. Matrice à liant hydraulique incorporant ledit élément allongé composite rugueux selon l'une des revendications 10 à 15.Hydraulic binder matrix incorporating said rough composite elongated member according to one of claims 10 to 15.
17. Elément à base d'une matrice à liant hydraulique renforcée avec l'élément allongé composite rugueux selon l'une des revendications 10 à 15. 17. Element based on a hydraulic binder matrix reinforced with the rough composite elongated element according to one of claims 10 to 15.
EP05819003A 2004-12-01 2005-11-30 Method of producing a rough composite elongated element and rough composite elongated element thus produced Withdrawn EP1833661A1 (en)

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PCT/FR2005/051015 WO2006059041A1 (en) 2004-12-01 2005-11-30 Method of producing a rough composite elongated element and rough composite elongated element thus produced

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MX2007006448A (en) 2007-07-19
CN101111363B (en) 2011-11-30
EA200701193A1 (en) 2007-10-26
WO2006059041A1 (en) 2006-06-08
NO20073268L (en) 2007-06-25
CN101111363A (en) 2008-01-23
CA2589492A1 (en) 2006-06-08
FR2878465A1 (en) 2006-06-02
US20090169881A1 (en) 2009-07-02
FR2878465B1 (en) 2007-02-09
JP2008522051A (en) 2008-06-26
BRPI0518788A2 (en) 2008-12-09
KR20070094737A (en) 2007-09-21

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