EP1830126B1 - Boiler for solid bio fuel - Google Patents

Boiler for solid bio fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1830126B1
EP1830126B1 EP07003972A EP07003972A EP1830126B1 EP 1830126 B1 EP1830126 B1 EP 1830126B1 EP 07003972 A EP07003972 A EP 07003972A EP 07003972 A EP07003972 A EP 07003972A EP 1830126 B1 EP1830126 B1 EP 1830126B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
draught
chute
heating boiler
duct
air supply
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EP07003972A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1830126A1 (en
Inventor
Leo Dworiankin
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Viessmann Werke GmbH and Co KG
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Viessmann Werke GmbH and Co KG
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Priority to PL07003972T priority Critical patent/PL1830126T3/en
Publication of EP1830126A1 publication Critical patent/EP1830126A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B50/00—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone
    • F23B50/02—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom
    • F23B50/06—Combustion apparatus in which the fuel is fed into or through the combustion zone by gravity, e.g. from a fuel storage situated above the combustion zone the fuel forming a column, stack or thick layer with the combustion zone at its bottom the flue gases being removed downwards through one or more openings in the fuel-supporting surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B5/00—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion
    • F23B5/04—Combustion apparatus with arrangements for burning uncombusted material from primary combustion in separate combustion chamber; on separate grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B7/00—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus
    • F23B7/002—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements
    • F23B7/005—Combustion techniques; Other solid-fuel combustion apparatus characterised by gas flow arrangements with downdraught through fuel bed and grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING ONLY SOLID FUEL
    • F23B80/00—Combustion apparatus characterised by means creating a distinct flow path for flue gases or for non-combusted gases given off by the fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24B—DOMESTIC STOVES OR RANGES FOR SOLID FUELS; IMPLEMENTS FOR USE IN CONNECTION WITH STOVES OR RANGES
    • F24B5/00—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges
    • F24B5/02—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves
    • F24B5/04—Combustion-air or flue-gas circulation in or around stoves or ranges in or around stoves the air or gas passing downwards through the bottom of the stove of fire grate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a boiler for bio-solid fuels according to the preamble of patent claim 1.
  • a boiler for bio-solid fuels of the type mentioned is according to the DE 196 12 045 A1 known.
  • This consists of a housing having a primary air supply having fuel filling space, under which, divided by an intermediate bottom, an ash collection chamber is arranged, wherein arranged in the intermediate floor provided with a secondary air supply, leading to the ash collection chamber and formed in the form of a downcomer gasification and combustion zone is, from the lower end of the downdraft shaft from a transversely oriented to the axis of the downdraft shaft, going off into the ash collection chamber Ausbrandkanal goes off.
  • Another boiler of the type mentioned further is according to DE 37 37 661 A1 known.
  • the filling chamber is separated from the downstream combustion chamber by a floor plate made of fireclay which is flat towards the filling space and has a slot which extends over the entire filling space depth and leads into a so-called hot combustion chamber shaped like a heart-shaped cross-section in the base plate. in the center extends a secondary air supply pipe.
  • the burnout channel is curved in the main flow direction.
  • the essence of the invention consists in providing the combustion channel from the downflow channel to the ash collection chamber not directly radially (ie rectilinearly), but at least with a curvature which has the consequence that the burnout zone, despite the compact design of the housing, is comparatively long.
  • main flow direction is to understand the direction of the flow, which covers the gas from the end of the downcomer shaft to the mouth of the burnout channel.
  • Possible turbulence-caused flow components in the transverse direction to the main flow direction are conducive to combustion, but irrelevant for the definition of the main flow direction.
  • the filling space side is covered with a rust downdraft shaft, on the one hand in contrast to a longitudinal slot-like gas introduction from the filling ago ever for a targeted radially oriented and thus uniformed gas inlet provided in the gasification and combustion zone, wherein
  • the wall of the downcomer shaft contains the secondary air supply, the cross section of the downcomer shaft is not reduced by an internal secondary air supply.
  • burnout channel is to be understood in the sense of a gas line.
  • the outgoing from the end of the downcomer outbreak channel is in a particularly preferred embodiment spirally or approximately spirally extending to its mouth in the ash collection.
  • spirally or approximately spirally is to be understood, for example, a more or less long circular arc guide the Ausbrandkanales, this being dimensioned in its length at least the length of the downdraft shaft accordingly.
  • this filling space side is preferably designed in the form of a funnel.
  • the intermediate bottom taking into account production engineering aspects, from a funnel with its mouth containing the first bottom part formed, to which a downdraft shaft, the secondary air supply ducts and the Ausbrandkanal containing another, arranged in the ash collection chamber, second bottom part is connected, in turn, the second bottom part of an upper part and a lower part is formed.
  • the upper and lower parts are forming their parting plane in each case open halves of the Ausbrandkanales.
  • the second bottom part is provided to the overlying first bottom part out with a loop-like manner containing the air supply channels connecting web.
  • the second bottom part on the upper side and the first bottom part are arranged on the underside of a housing the Aschfallsammelraum from the filling space, provided with Fallstromschacht tillgriffsö réelle housing wall, which will be explained in more detail.
  • the housing is at least above the Aschfallsammelraumes water-leading and provided in a known manner with flow and return connections, in which case one or more leading to an exhaust connection, from the ash collection space upwards outgoing, the flue gas outlet forming flues the water-bearing part of the housing succeed.
  • the boiler for bio-solid fuels consists of a housing having an upper, a primary air supply 4 having fuel filling chamber 2, under which, divided by an intermediate bottom 9, an ash collection chamber 6 is arranged with flue 7, wherein in the intermediate bottom 9 provided with a secondary air supply 5, leading to ash collection room 6 and in the form of a downdraft 8 formed gasification and combustion zone 3 is arranged, wherein from the lower end 12 of the downcomer 8 from a transversely to the axis of the downdraft 8 oriented, in the ash collection chamber 6 ausmündender burnout channel 13 goes off.
  • the filling space 2 is accessible through a closable filling opening 28 and the ash collecting space 6 through a closable maintenance and removal opening 29.
  • the burnout channel 13 is curved in the main flow direction.
  • This burnout channel 13 which starts from the end of the downcomer 8, extends as in FIG. 2 and 3 clarifies, spirally or approximately helical or spiral up to its orifice 14 in the ash collection chamber 6. Under spirally extending is any continuous, arcuate or circular arc-shaped leadership of the burnout 13, which does not extend directly from the centric downflow duct 8 radially to the ash collecting space 6.
  • the burnout channel 13 is longer than the downdraft shaft 8, preferably more than twice as long as the downdraft shaft 8 is formed. This requirement leads to a very long burn-out with a compact design of the boiler.
  • the intermediate bottom 9 is with reference to the FIGS. 1 and 2
  • the intermediate bottom 9 is formed from a funnel 10 with its mouth containing bottom part 15, to which a downdraft 8, the secondary air supply 5 and the air supply ducts 17 and the burnout 13 containing further, arranged in the ash collection chamber 6, second bottom part 16 is connected , wherein advantageously the second bottom part 16 is in turn formed from an upper part 32 and a lower part 18.
  • These upper 32 and lower parts 18 form in this case to their parting plane E open towards halves of the burnout channel 13, which form in the assembled state the up to the inlet and outlet opening (orifice 14) all around closed line-like burnout channel 13.
  • the design of the falling current shaft upper part in the bottom part 15 of the intermediate bottom 9 may be preferred, but does not necessarily have to, as in FIG. 1 shown, executed, ie with a separately insertable nozzle block 31 or support ring for the grate eleventh
  • the second bottom part 16 to the first bottom part 15 is provided with a loop-like manner containing the air supply channels 17 connecting web 19 which is surrounded by a further web 33 which forms with its ends the junction 25 of the secondary air and thus to an opening (not shown) is connected in the wall of the ash collection room 6.
  • FIG. 1 For the arrangement of the intermediate bottom 9 to the lower boundary of the filling space 2, are as out FIG. 1 can be seen, the first bottom part 15 on the underside and the second bottom part 16 on the upper side at a the ash collecting space 6 from the fuel filling chamber 2 separating, provided with falling current passage opening 21 housing wall 20 is arranged.
  • thermally insulated matterssockelt on a support 27.
  • the housing may be provided with an outer heat insulation and in particular in the ash collection chamber 6 arranged heat exchanger elements, the housing is preferably at least above the ash collection chamber 6 doppelwanding formed water leading and provided with flow and return ports 22, 34, in which case to an exhaust port 23rd leading outgoing from the ash collection chamber 6, the flue gas outlet 7 forming hot gas trains 24 pass through the water-bearing part of the housing.
  • corresponding channels 26 penetrating the water-bearing space are provided for the primary air supply to the primary air openings 30.
  • the secondary air supply 5 to the loop-like, in the upper region of the downcomer 8 outflowing air supply channels 17 takes place from the outside directly through the junction 25 (see FIG. 4 ). Not particularly shown is the preferably sensor-controlled controllability of the secondary air supply in order to ensure optimum combustion under all load conditions.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Cereal-Derived Products (AREA)
  • Beans For Foods Or Fodder (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Sludge (AREA)

Abstract

The boiler has a housing (1) with a fuel filling chamber (2) including a primary air supply (4), and an ash collecting chamber (6) arranged under the filling chamber, where the collecting chamber is divided by an intermediate base (9). A gasification and firing zone (3) in the base is designed in the form of a falling flow duct (8), and is guided to the collecting chamber. A burnout channel (13) leading into the collecting chamber and oriented transverse to an axis of the duct is detached from a lower end of the duct, where the channel is designed in a main flow direction in a curved manner.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Heizkessel für Bio-Festbrennstoffe gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a boiler for bio-solid fuels according to the preamble of patent claim 1.

Ein Heizkessel für Bio-Festbrennstoffe der eingangs genannten Art ist nach der DE 196 12 045 A1 bekannt. Dieser besteht aus einem Gehäuse mit einem eine Primärluftzufuhr aufweisenden Brennstoff-Füllraum, unter dem, durch einen Zwischenboden abgeteilt, ein Aschfallsammelraum angeordnet ist, wobei im Zwischenboden eine mit einer Sekundärluftzufuhr versehene, zum Aschfallsammelraum führende und in Form eines Fallstromschachtes ausgebildete Vergasungs- und Brennzone angeordnet ist, wobei vom unteren Ende des Fallstromschachtes aus ein quer zur Achse des Fallstromschachtes orientierter, in den Aschfallsammelraum ausmündender Ausbrandkanal abgeht.A boiler for bio-solid fuels of the type mentioned is according to the DE 196 12 045 A1 known. This consists of a housing having a primary air supply having fuel filling space, under which, divided by an intermediate bottom, an ash collection chamber is arranged, wherein arranged in the intermediate floor provided with a secondary air supply, leading to the ash collection chamber and formed in the form of a downcomer gasification and combustion zone is, from the lower end of the downdraft shaft from a transversely oriented to the axis of the downdraft shaft, going off into the ash collection chamber Ausbrandkanal goes off.

Ein weiterer Heizkessel der genannten Art ferner ist nach der DE 37 37 661 A1 bekannt. Bei diesem Heizkessel ist der Füllraum durch eine zum Füllraum hin ebene Bodenplatte aus Schamott vom nachgeordneten Brennraum getrennt und weist einen sich über die ganze Füllraumtiefe erstreckenden Schlitz auf, der in eine so genannte heiße, im Querschnitt etwa herzförmige, in der Bodenplatte ausgeformte Brennkammer führt, in der sich mittig ein Sekundärluftzufuhrrohr erstreckt. Vertikal unter dem oberen Schlitz befindet sich ein etwas querschnittskleinerer, in einen Nachschaltbrennraum führender Schlitz, unter dem eine Auffangschale angeordnet ist, die die anfallende Asche aufnimmt und die aus der heißen Brennkammer abströmenden Heiz- bzw. Rauchgase umlenkt und zum Rauchgasabzug des Kesselgehäuses führt. Es mag dahingestellt bleiben, inwieweit sich im Betrieb die durch das Sekundärluftzufuhrrohr zusätzlich verengte heiße, nur durch einen Spalt zugängliche Brennkammer verstopft, nach Verlassen der heißen Brennkammer steht den abströmenden Heizgasen aber praktisch der ganze Aschesammelraum zur Verfügung, der einer gebündelten Heizgasführung und damit gezielten Nachverbrennung entgegensteht. Außerdem läßt dieser Heizkessel nach der DE 37 37 661 A1 eine wünschenswert kompakte Bauweise vermissen, da dieser, im Horizontalschnitt gesehen, einen länglichen, relativ tiefen Zuschnitt hat und außerdem wegen der Anordnung der Auffang- und Gasführungsleitschale einen nahezu gleich großen Raum verlangt wie der Füllschacht.Another boiler of the type mentioned further is according to DE 37 37 661 A1 known. In this boiler, the filling chamber is separated from the downstream combustion chamber by a floor plate made of fireclay which is flat towards the filling space and has a slot which extends over the entire filling space depth and leads into a so-called hot combustion chamber shaped like a heart-shaped cross-section in the base plate. in the center extends a secondary air supply pipe. Vertically below the upper slot is a slightly cross-section smaller, leading into a Nachschaltbrennraum slot under which a collecting tray is arranged, which receives the resulting ash and deflects the effluent from the hot combustion chamber heating or flue gases and leads to the flue gas outlet of the boiler housing. It may be left undecided to what extent in the operation, the additionally narrowed by the secondary air supply pipe hot, clogged only by a gap combustion chamber, after leaving the hot combustion chamber is the outflowing hot gases but virtually all the ash collection available, the bundled Heizgasführung and thus targeted afterburning opposes. In addition, this boiler leaves after the DE 37 37 661 A1 a desirable compact Missing construction, as seen in horizontal section, has an elongated, relatively deep blank and also because of the arrangement of the collecting and Gasführungsleitschale requires a nearly equal space as the hopper.

Ausgehend von einem Heizkessel nach der DE 196 12 045 A1 liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen solchen Kessel möglichst kompakt auszubilden, und zwar unter der Maßgabe einer weiterhin guten Verbrennung.Starting from a boiler after the DE 196 12 045 A1 the invention has for its object to form such a boiler as compact as possible, under the proviso of a continued good combustion.

Diese Aufgabe ist mit einem Heizkessel für Bio-Festbrennstoffe der eingangs genannten Art nach der Erfindung durch die im Kennzeichen des Patentanspruchs 1 angeführten Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved with a boiler for bio-solid fuels of the type mentioned according to the invention by the features cited in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

Nach der Erfindung ist also vorgesehen, dass der Ausbrandkanal in Hauptströmungsrichtung gekrümmt ausgebildet ist.According to the invention, it is thus provided that the burnout channel is curved in the main flow direction.

Mit anderen Worten ausgedrückt, besteht die Erfindung im Kern darin, den Ausbrandkanal vom Fallstromschacht ausgehend zum Aschfallsammelraum nicht direkt radial (also geradlinig), sondern mindestens mit einer Krümmung zu versehen, die zur Folge hat, dass die Ausbrandstrecke - trotz kompakter Bauweise des Gehäuses - vergleichsweise lang ist. Unter Hauptströmungsrichtung ist dabei die Richtung der Strömung zu verstehen, die das Gas vom Ende des Fallstromschachtes bis zur Ausmündung des Ausbrandkanals zurücklegt. Mögliche, durch Turbulenz verursachte Strömungskomponenten in Querrichtung zur Hauptströmungsrichtung sind dabei für die Verbrennung förderlich, für die Definition der Hauptströmungsrichtung aber unbeachtlich.In other words, the essence of the invention consists in providing the combustion channel from the downflow channel to the ash collection chamber not directly radially (ie rectilinearly), but at least with a curvature which has the consequence that the burnout zone, despite the compact design of the housing, is comparatively long. Under main flow direction is to understand the direction of the flow, which covers the gas from the end of the downcomer shaft to the mouth of the burnout channel. Possible turbulence-caused flow components in the transverse direction to the main flow direction are conducive to combustion, but irrelevant for the definition of the main flow direction.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausbildung des Heizkessels, wonach ferner die im Zwischenboden befindliche Vergasungs- und Brennzone in Form eines zentrisch im Zwischenboden angeordneten, füllraumseitig mit einem Rost abgedeckten Fallstromschachtes ausgebildet ist, wird zum Einen im Gegensatz zu einer längsschlitzartigen Gaseinführung vom Füllraum her schon einmal für eine gezielt radial orientierte und damit vergleichmäßigte Gaseinleitung in die Vergasungs- und Brennzone gesorgt, wobei außerdem, da die Wandung des Fallstromschachtes die Sekundärluftzufuhr enthält, der Querschnitt des Fallstromschachtes nicht durch eine innere Sekundärluftzufuhr reduziert wird. Zum Anderen ist dann noch, da, wie gesagt, vom unterem Ende des Fallstromschachtes aus ein im Wesentlichen quer zur Achse des Fallstromschachtes orientierter, in den Aschfallsammelraum ausmündender, gekrümmter Ausbrandkanal abgeht, für eine gebündelte Abgasführung bis zum Aschfallsammelraum gesorgt, die einen guten Ausbrand gewährleistet. Der Begriff Ausbrandkanal ist dabei im Sinne einer Gasleitung zu verstehen.The inventive design of the boiler, which further arranged in the intermediate bottom gasification and combustion zone in the form of a centric arranged in the intermediate floor, the filling space side is covered with a rust downdraft shaft, on the one hand in contrast to a longitudinal slot-like gas introduction from the filling ago ever for a targeted radially oriented and thus uniformed gas inlet provided in the gasification and combustion zone, wherein In addition, since the wall of the downcomer shaft contains the secondary air supply, the cross section of the downcomer shaft is not reduced by an internal secondary air supply. On the other hand, then, as I said, from the lower end of the downdraft shaft oriented essentially transversely to the axis of the downdraft shaft, the Aschfallsammelraum ausmündender, curved Ausbrandkanal goes, provided for a bundled exhaust system to the ash collection room, which ensures a good burnout , The term burnout channel is to be understood in the sense of a gas line.

Um dabei trotz kompakter Bauweise eine möglichst langen Ausbrandkanal unterbringen zu können, ist der vom Ende des Fallstromschachtes ausgehende Ausbrandkanal nach einer besonders bevorzugten Ausführungsform spiralförmig oder angenähert spiralförmig bis zu seiner Ausmündung in den Aschesammelraum erstreckt. Unter spiralförmig oder angenähert spiralförmig ist beispielsweise auch eine mehr oder weniger lange Kreisbogenführung des Ausbrandkanales zu verstehen, wobei dieser in seiner Länge mindestens der Länge des Fallstromschachtes entsprechend bemessen ist.In order to be able to accommodate as long as possible Ausbrandkanal despite compact design, the outgoing from the end of the downcomer outbreak channel is in a particularly preferred embodiment spirally or approximately spirally extending to its mouth in the ash collection. Under spirally or approximately spirally is to be understood, for example, a more or less long circular arc guide the Ausbrandkanales, this being dimensioned in its length at least the length of the downdraft shaft accordingly.

Bezüglich vorteilhafter Ausführungsformen wird auf die abhängigen Patentansprüche verwiesen, die sich u. a. auf Folgendes beziehen:With regard to advantageous embodiments, reference is made to the dependent claims, which u. a. refer to the following:

Mit Rücksicht auf die zentrische Gaseinleitung in den Zwischenboden, ist dieser füllraumseitig bevorzugt in Form eines Trichters ausgebildet.With regard to the centric gas inlet into the intermediate floor, this filling space side is preferably designed in the form of a funnel.

Ferner ist der Zwischenboden, und zwar unter Berücksichtung fertigungstechnischer Aspekte, aus einem den Trichter mit seiner Ausmündung enthaltendem ersten Bodenteil gebildet, an das ein den Fallstromschacht, die Sekundärluft-Zufuhrkanäle und den Ausbrandkanal enthaltendes weiteres, im Aschfallsammelraum angeordnetes, zweites Bodenteil angeschlossen ist, wobei wiederum das zweite Bodenteil aus einem Oberteil und einem Unterteil gebildet ist. Das Ober- und das Unterteil bilden dabei zu ihrer Trennebene hin jeweils offene Hälften des Ausbrandkanales.Further, the intermediate bottom, taking into account production engineering aspects, from a funnel with its mouth containing the first bottom part formed, to which a downdraft shaft, the secondary air supply ducts and the Ausbrandkanal containing another, arranged in the ash collection chamber, second bottom part is connected, in turn, the second bottom part of an upper part and a lower part is formed. The upper and lower parts are forming their parting plane in each case open halves of the Ausbrandkanales.

Um die Zufuhrkanäle für die Sekundärluft günstig ausformen zu können, ist außerdem das zweite Bodenteil zum darüber befindlichen ersten Bodenteil hin mit einem die Luftzufuhrkanäle schießschartenartig enthaltenden Anschlußsteg versehen.In order to be able to form the supply channels for the secondary air favorably, also the second bottom part is provided to the overlying first bottom part out with a loop-like manner containing the air supply channels connecting web.

Da der Zwischenboden bzw. dessen Teile im Gesamtgehäuse auf zweckmäßige Weise gehaltert werden müssen, sind das zweite Bodenteil oberseitig und das erste Bodenteil unterseitig an einer den Aschfallsammelraum vom Füllraum trennenden, mit Fallstromschachtdurchgriffsöffnung versehenen Gehäusewand angeordnet, was noch näher erläutert wird.Since the intermediate floor or its parts must be supported in an appropriate manner in the overall housing, the second bottom part on the upper side and the first bottom part are arranged on the underside of a housing the Aschfallsammelraum from the filling space, provided with Fallstromschachtdurchgriffsöffnung housing wall, which will be explained in more detail.

Um keine separaten Wärmetauscher am bzw. im Heizkessel vorsehen zu müssen, wie dies beispielsweise beim Kessel nach der genannten DE 37 37 661 A1 der Fall ist, ist das Gehäuse mindestens oberhalb des Aschfallsammelraumes wasserführend ausgebildet und dafür in bekannter Weise mit Vor-und Rücklaufanschlüssen versehen, wobei dann ein oder mehrere zu einem Abgasanschluss führende, vom Aschfallsammelraum nach oben abgehende, den Rauchgasabzug bildende Heizgaszüge den wasserführenden Teil des Gehäuses durchgreifen.To have to provide no separate heat exchanger on or in the boiler, as for example in the boiler after said DE 37 37 661 A1 the case, the housing is at least above the Aschfallsammelraumes water-leading and provided in a known manner with flow and return connections, in which case one or more leading to an exhaust connection, from the ash collection space upwards outgoing, the flue gas outlet forming flues the water-bearing part of the housing succeed.

Der erfindungsgemäße Heizkessel mit seinen vorteilhaften Ausführungsformen gemäß der abhängigen Patentansprüche wird nachfolgend anhand der zeichnerischen Darstellung von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert.The boiler according to the invention with its advantageous embodiments according to the dependent claims will be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing of exemplary embodiments.

Es zeigt

Figur 1
einen Längsschnitt durch eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemäßen Heizkessels;
Figur 2
einen Schnitt längs Linie II-II in Figur 1;
Figur 3
eine Draufsicht auf den Zwischenboden mit der Sekundärluftzufuhr; und
Figur 4
eine Draufsicht auf das Oberteil von der Teilungsebene her gesehen.
It shows
FIG. 1
a longitudinal section through a preferred embodiment of the boiler according to the invention;
FIG. 2
a section along line II-II in FIG. 1 ;
FIG. 3
a plan view of the intermediate floor with the secondary air supply; and
FIG. 4
a plan view of the upper part seen from the parting plane ago.

Der Heizkessel für Bio-Festbrennstoffe gemäß den Figuren 1 bis 4 besteht aus einem Gehäuse mit einem oberen, eine Primärluftzufuhr 4 aufweisenden Brennstoff-Füllraum 2, unter dem, durch einen Zwischenboden 9 abgeteilt, ein Aschfallsammelraum 6 mit Rauchgasabzug 7 angeordnet ist, wobei im Zwischenboden 9 eine mit einer Sekundärluftzufuhr 5 versehene, zum Aschfallsammelraum 6 führende und in Form eines Fallstromschachtes 8 ausgebildete Vergasungs- und Brennzone 3 angeordnet ist, wobei vom unteren Ende 12 des Fallstromschachtes 8 aus ein quer zur Achse des Fallstromschachtes 8 orientierter, in den Aschfallsammelraum 6 ausmündender Ausbrandkanal 13 abgeht.The boiler for bio-solid fuels according to FIGS. 1 to 4 consists of a housing having an upper, a primary air supply 4 having fuel filling chamber 2, under which, divided by an intermediate bottom 9, an ash collection chamber 6 is arranged with flue 7, wherein in the intermediate bottom 9 provided with a secondary air supply 5, leading to ash collection room 6 and in the form of a downdraft 8 formed gasification and combustion zone 3 is arranged, wherein from the lower end 12 of the downcomer 8 from a transversely to the axis of the downdraft 8 oriented, in the ash collection chamber 6 ausmündender burnout channel 13 goes off.

Der Füllraum 2 ist durch eine verschließbare Füllöffnung 28 und der Aschfallsammelraum 6 durch eine verschließbare Wartungs- und Entnahmeöffnung 29 zugänglich.The filling space 2 is accessible through a closable filling opening 28 and the ash collecting space 6 through a closable maintenance and removal opening 29.

Für einen solchen Heizkessel ist nun unter Verweis auf Figuren 1 bis 4 erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, dass der Ausbrandkanal 13 in Hauptströmungsrichtung gekrümmt ausgebildet ist.For such a boiler is now referring to FIGS. 1 to 4 According to the invention provided that the burnout channel 13 is curved in the main flow direction.

Ferner ist die im Zwischenboden 9 befindliche Vergasungs- und Brennzone 3 in Form eines füllraumseitig mit einem Rost 11 abgedeckten, zentrisch im Zwischenboden angeordneten Fallstromschachtes 8 ausgebildet, dessen Wandung die Sekundärluftzufuhr 5 enthält, und von dessen unterem Ende aus ein im Wesentlichen quer zur Achse A des Fallstromschachtes 8 orientierter, in den Aschfallsammelraum 6 ausmündender Ausbrandkanal 13 abgeht.Furthermore, located in the intermediate bottom 9 gasification and combustion zone 3 in the form of a filling chamber side covered with a grate 11, centrally disposed in the intermediate bottom downfall duct 8 is formed, the wall of which contains the secondary air supply 5, and from the lower end of a substantially transverse to the axis A. the downdraft shaft 8 oriented, in the ash collection chamber 6 ausmündender burnout channel 13 goes off.

Dieser Ausbrandkanal 13, der vom Ende des Fallstromschachtes 8 ausgeht, erstreckt sich, wie in Figur 2 und 3 verdeutlicht, spiralförmig oder angenähert schnecken- bzw. spiralförmig bis zu seiner Ausmündung 14 in den Aschfallsammelraum 6. Unter spiralförmig erstreckt ist dabei jede stetig verlaufende, bogenförmige bzw. kreisbogenförmige Führung des Ausbrandkanales 13 zu verstehen, die sich vom zentrischen Fallstromschacht 8 aus nicht direkt radial zum Aschfallsammelraum 6 erstreckt. Der Ausbrandkanal 13 ist dabei länger als der Fallstromschacht 8, vorzugsweise mehr als doppelt so lang wie der Fallstromschacht 8 ausgebildet. Diese Maßgabe führt zu einer sehr langen Ausbrandstrecke bei gleichzeitig kompakter Bauweise des Heizkessels.This burnout channel 13, which starts from the end of the downcomer 8, extends as in FIG FIG. 2 and 3 clarifies, spirally or approximately helical or spiral up to its orifice 14 in the ash collection chamber 6. Under spirally extending is any continuous, arcuate or circular arc-shaped leadership of the burnout 13, which does not extend directly from the centric downflow duct 8 radially to the ash collecting space 6. The burnout channel 13 is longer than the downdraft shaft 8, preferably more than twice as long as the downdraft shaft 8 is formed. This requirement leads to a very long burn-out with a compact design of the boiler.

Der Zwischenboden 9 ist unter Verweis auf die Figuren 1 und 2 füllraumseitig in Form eines flachen Trichters 10 ausgebildet, um im unteren Randbereich des Füllschachtes 2 keinen umlaufenden Todraumzwickel entstehen zu lassen.The intermediate bottom 9 is with reference to the FIGS. 1 and 2 Füllraumseitig formed in the form of a flat funnel 10, in order not to let arise in the lower edge region of the hopper 2, no circumferential Todraumzwickel.

Außerdem ist der Zwischenboden 9 aus einem den Trichter 10 mit seiner Ausmündung enthaltendem Bodenteil 15 gebildet, an das ein den Fallstromschacht 8, die Sekundärluftzufuhr 5 bzw. die Luftzufuhrkanäle 17 und den Ausbrandkanal 13 enthaltendes weiteres, im Aschfallsammelraum 6 angeordnetes, zweites Bodenteil 16 angeschlossen ist, wobei vorteilhaft das zweite Bodenteil 16 wiederum aus einem Oberteil 32 und einem Unterteil 18 gebildet ist. Diese Ober- 32 und Unterteile 18 (siehe Figur 3 und 4) bilden dabei zu ihrer Trennebene E hin offene Hälften des Ausbrandkanales 13, die im zusammengefügten Zustand den bis auf die Ein- und Ausströmöffnung (Ausmündung 14) ringsum geschlossenen leitungsartigen Ausbrandkanal 13 bilden. Die Gestaltung des Fallstromschachtoberteiles im Bodenteil 15 des Zwischenbodens 9 kann zwar bevorzugt, aber muss nicht zwingend, wie in Figur 1 dargestellt, ausgeführt sein, d. h. mit einem separat einsetzbaren Düsenstein 31 bzw. Tragring für den Rost 11.In addition, the intermediate bottom 9 is formed from a funnel 10 with its mouth containing bottom part 15, to which a downdraft 8, the secondary air supply 5 and the air supply ducts 17 and the burnout 13 containing further, arranged in the ash collection chamber 6, second bottom part 16 is connected , wherein advantageously the second bottom part 16 is in turn formed from an upper part 32 and a lower part 18. These upper 32 and lower parts 18 (see FIGS. 3 and 4 ) form in this case to their parting plane E open towards halves of the burnout channel 13, which form in the assembled state the up to the inlet and outlet opening (orifice 14) all around closed line-like burnout channel 13. The design of the falling current shaft upper part in the bottom part 15 of the intermediate bottom 9 may be preferred, but does not necessarily have to, as in FIG. 1 shown, executed, ie with a separately insertable nozzle block 31 or support ring for the grate eleventh

Zur Ausbildung der Sekundärluftzufuhr 5 ist unter Verweis auf Figur 1 und 2 das zweite Bodenteil 16 zum ersten Bodenteil 15 hin mit einem die Luftzufuhrkanäle 17 schießschartenartig enthaltenden Anschlußsteg 19 versehen, der von einem weiteren Steg 33 umgeben ist, der mit seinen Enden die Einmündung 25 der Sekundärluft bildet und damit an eine Öffnung (nicht dargestellt) in der Wandung des Aschfallsammelraumes 6 angeschlossen ist.For the formation of the secondary air supply 5 is with reference to FIG. 1 and 2 the second bottom part 16 to the first bottom part 15 is provided with a loop-like manner containing the air supply channels 17 connecting web 19 which is surrounded by a further web 33 which forms with its ends the junction 25 of the secondary air and thus to an opening (not shown) is connected in the wall of the ash collection room 6.

Für die Anordnung des Zwischenbodens 9 zur unteren Begrenzung des Füllraumes 2, sind, wie aus Figur 1 ersichtlich, das erste Bodenteil 15 unterseitig und das zweite Bodenteil 16 oberseitig an einer den Aschfallsammelraum 6 vom Brennstoff-Füllraum 2 trennenden, mit Fallstromschachtdurchgriffsöffnung 21 versehenen Gehäusewand 20 angeordnet. Um das blockartige, zweite Bodenteil 16 mit seinem inneren Ausbrandkanal 13 im Aschfallsammelraum 6 zu fixieren, ist dieses, wie beispielsweise in den Figuren 1 und 2 dargestellt, wärmeisoliert auf einen Träger 27 aufgesockelt.For the arrangement of the intermediate bottom 9 to the lower boundary of the filling space 2, are as out FIG. 1 can be seen, the first bottom part 15 on the underside and the second bottom part 16 on the upper side at a the ash collecting space 6 from the fuel filling chamber 2 separating, provided with falling current passage opening 21 housing wall 20 is arranged. To fix the block-like, second bottom part 16 with its inner burn-out channel 13 in the ash collection chamber 6, this is, for example, in the FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrated, thermally insulated aufgesockelt on a support 27.

Abgesehen davon, dass das Gehäuse mit einer äußeren Wärmeisolierung und insbesondere im Aschfallsammelraum 6 angeordneten Wärmetauscherelementen versehen sein kann, ist das Gehäuse bevorzugt mindestens oberhalb des Aschfallsammelraumes 6 doppelwanding wasserführend ausgebildet und mit Vor- und Rücklaufanschlüssen 22, 34 versehen, wobei dann zu einem Abgasanschluss 23 führende, vom Aschfallsammelraum 6 abgehende, den Rauchgasabzug 7 bildende Heizgaszüge 24 den wasserführenden Teil des Gehäuses durchgreifen. Bei dieser bevorzugten Ausführungsform sind entsprechende, den wasserführenden Raum durchgreifende Kanäle 26 für die Primärluftzufuhr zu den Primärluftöffnungen 30 vorhanden. Die Sekundärluftzufuhr 5 zu den schießschartenartigen, im oberen Bereich des Fallstromschachtes 8 ausmündenden Luftzufuhrkanälen 17 erfolgt von außen direkt durch die Einmündung 25 (siehe Figur 4). Nicht besonders dargestellt ist die vorzugsweise sensorgesteuerte Regelbarkeit der Sekundärluftzufuhr, um eine optimale Verbrennung bei allen Lastzuständen zu gewährleisten.Apart from the fact that the housing may be provided with an outer heat insulation and in particular in the ash collection chamber 6 arranged heat exchanger elements, the housing is preferably at least above the ash collection chamber 6 doppelwanding formed water leading and provided with flow and return ports 22, 34, in which case to an exhaust port 23rd leading outgoing from the ash collection chamber 6, the flue gas outlet 7 forming hot gas trains 24 pass through the water-bearing part of the housing. In this preferred embodiment, corresponding channels 26 penetrating the water-bearing space are provided for the primary air supply to the primary air openings 30. The secondary air supply 5 to the loop-like, in the upper region of the downcomer 8 outflowing air supply channels 17 takes place from the outside directly through the junction 25 (see FIG. 4 ). Not particularly shown is the preferably sensor-controlled controllability of the secondary air supply in order to ensure optimum combustion under all load conditions.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

22
Brennstoff-FüllraumFuel hopper
33
Vergasungs- und NachbrennzoneGasification and afterburning zone
44
PrimärluftzufuhrPrimary air supply
55
SekundärluftzufuhrSecondary air supply
66
AschfallsammelraumAschfallsammelraum
77
RauchgasabzugFlue gas exhaust
88th
FallstromschachtDowndraft shaft
99
Zwischenbodenfalse floor
1010
Trichterfunnel
1111
Rostrust
1313
Ausbrandkanalburnout channel
1414
Ausmündungorifice
1515
erster Bodenteilfirst floor part
1616
zweiter Bodenteilsecond floor part
1717
LuftzufuhrkanäleAir supply channels
1818
Unterteillower part
1919
Anschlußstegconnection bridge
2020
Gehäusewandhousing wall
2121
FallstromschachtdurchgriffsöffnungDowndraft shaft through opening
2222
VorlaufanschlussFlow connection
2323
Abgasanschlussexhaust port
2424
Heizgaszügeflues
2525
Einmündungjunction
2626
Kanalchannel
2727
Trägercarrier
2828
Füllöffnungfill opening
2929
Wartungs- und EntnahmeöffnungMaintenance and removal opening
3030
PrimärluftöffnungPrimary air opening
3131
Düsensteinnozzle block
3232
Oberteiltop
3333
Stegweb
3434
RücklaufanschlussReturn connection

Claims (10)

  1. A heating boiler for solid biofuels consisting of a housing comprising a fuel filling chamber (2) having a primary air supply (4) below which, separated by an intermediate floor (9), is an ash collecting chamber (6), wherein a gasification and combustion zone (3) provided with a secondary air supply (5), leading to the ash collecting chamber (6) and configured in the form of a down-draught chute (8) is disposed in the intermediate floor (9), wherein a burn-up duct (13) oriented transversely to the axis of the down-draught chute (8) and discharging into the ash collecting chamber (6) leads from the lower end of the down-draught chute (8),
    characterised in
    that the burn-up duct (13) is configured as curved in the main direction of flow.
  2. The heating boiler according to claim 1,
    characterised in
    that the burn-up duct (13) is configured as extended in an arc shape, preferably in a circular-arc shape.
  3. The heating boiler according to claim 1 or 2,
    characterised in
    that the burn-up duct (13) is configured to be longer than the down-draught chute (8), preferably more than twice as long as the down-draught chute (8).
  4. The heating boiler according to one of claims 1 to 3,
    characterised in
    that the burn-up duct (13) starting from the end of the down-draught chute (8) is configured to be extended in a spiral or approximately spiral shape as far as its outlet (14).
  5. The heating boiler according to one of claims 1 to 4,
    characterised in
    that the intermediate floor (9) is formed from a first floor part (15) on the filling chamber side to which is connected a second floor part (16) containing the down-draught chute (8), the secondary air supply (5) and the burn-up duct (13) which is located in the ash collecting chamber (6).
  6. The heating boiler according to claim 5,
    characterised in
    that the second floor part (16) is formed from an upper (32) and a lower part (18).
  7. The heating boiler according to claim 6,
    characterised in
    that the upper (32) and the lower part (18) form halves of the burn-up duct (13) which are open towards their dividing plane (E).
  8. The heating boiler according to one of claims 5 to 7,
    characterised in
    that the second floor part (16) is provided with a connecting web (19) towards the first floor part (15) which comprises the secondary air supply (5) formed from air supply ducts (17) arranged in a crenellated manner.
  9. The heating boiler according to one of claims 5 to 8,
    characterised in
    that the first floor part (15) is disposed with its underside and the second floor part (16) is disposed with its upper side on a housing wall (20) separating the ash collecting chamber (6) from the fuel filling chamber (2), and provided with a down-draught chute access opening (21).
  10. The heating boiler according to one of claims 1 to 9,
    characterised in
    that on the filling chamber side the down-draught chute (8) is covered with a grate (11) and located below the grate (11) is a burner block (31) forming an inflow region of the down-draught chute (8).
EP07003972A 2006-03-01 2007-02-27 Boiler for solid bio fuel Active EP1830126B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL07003972T PL1830126T3 (en) 2006-03-01 2007-02-27 Boiler for solid bio fuel

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102006009335A DE102006009335A1 (en) 2006-03-01 2006-03-01 Heating boilers, in particular for solid biomass

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1830126A1 EP1830126A1 (en) 2007-09-05
EP1830126B1 true EP1830126B1 (en) 2008-10-08

Family

ID=38007595

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP07003972A Active EP1830126B1 (en) 2006-03-01 2007-02-27 Boiler for solid bio fuel

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1830126B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE410643T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102006009335A1 (en)
DK (1) DK1830126T3 (en)
PL (1) PL1830126T3 (en)
RU (1) RU2007133013A (en)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE202007009295U1 (en) * 2007-07-03 2007-10-18 Robert Bosch Gmbh Solid fuel boiler
DE202008000034U1 (en) 2008-04-08 2008-07-03 Dörl, Bernd Boiler for bio-solid fuels
AT507680B1 (en) * 2009-02-24 2010-07-15 Ligno Heizsysteme Gmbh FILLING FACILITY FOR BRAND BOILER
CN101813327B (en) * 2010-04-22 2011-09-14 哈尔滨工业大学 Family-size updraught tar-free biomass gasification direct burn type furnace
DE202014101757U1 (en) * 2014-04-14 2014-06-13 Ludwig Bräutigam Burning insert for lintel burners
DE202014103421U1 (en) 2014-07-24 2014-08-06 Bernd Dörl Boiler for solid fuels
MD1128Z (en) * 2016-07-25 2017-09-30 Виктор МАНАСТЫРЛЫ Heating boiler

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3737661A1 (en) * 1987-11-06 1989-05-24 Karl Ackermann Heating boiler with forced combustion-air supply
AT400180B (en) * 1990-01-10 1995-10-25 Froeling Heizkessel Und Behael SOLID FUEL HEATED UNDERBURNING BOILER
DE19612045A1 (en) * 1996-03-27 1997-10-02 Hoval Interliz Ag Boiler and process for its operation
DE19646525C1 (en) * 1996-10-29 1998-06-10 Christian Dipl Ing Herlt Gasification boilers for solid fuels, especially for wood

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK1830126T3 (en) 2009-01-19
DE502007000148D1 (en) 2008-11-20
DE102006009335A1 (en) 2007-09-06
ATE410643T1 (en) 2008-10-15
EP1830126A1 (en) 2007-09-05
RU2007133013A (en) 2009-03-10
PL1830126T3 (en) 2009-01-30

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