EP1819926A1 - Vertical-axis wind turbine - Google Patents

Vertical-axis wind turbine

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Publication number
EP1819926A1
EP1819926A1 EP05818201A EP05818201A EP1819926A1 EP 1819926 A1 EP1819926 A1 EP 1819926A1 EP 05818201 A EP05818201 A EP 05818201A EP 05818201 A EP05818201 A EP 05818201A EP 1819926 A1 EP1819926 A1 EP 1819926A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mast
wind turbine
blades
rotary bearing
height
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP05818201A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Alain Burlot
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP1819926A1 publication Critical patent/EP1819926A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D5/00—Other wind motors
    • F03D5/005—Wind motors having a single vane which axis generate a conus or like surface
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D3/00—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor 
    • F03D3/005—Wind motors with rotation axis substantially perpendicular to the air flow entering the rotor  the axis being vertical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/20—Rotors
    • F05B2240/21—Rotors for wind turbines
    • F05B2240/211—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis
    • F05B2240/212—Rotors for wind turbines with vertical axis of the Darrieus type
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
    • F05B2250/23—Geometry three-dimensional prismatic
    • F05B2250/232—Geometry three-dimensional prismatic conical
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2250/00—Geometry
    • F05B2250/20—Geometry three-dimensional
    • F05B2250/24—Geometry three-dimensional ellipsoidal
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/30—Retaining components in desired mutual position
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2260/00—Function
    • F05B2260/90—Braking
    • F05B2260/903—Braking using electrical or magnetic forces
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/74—Wind turbines with rotation axis perpendicular to the wind direction
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/10—Efficient use of energy, e.g. using compressed air or pressurized fluid as energy carrier

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine and finds particular application to the supply of electricity, the pumping of water or the storage of potential energy.
  • Wind turbines are generally classified into two main families: vertical axis wind turbines and horizontal axis wind turbines.
  • the horizontal axis wind turbine is probably the most well known and widespread type of wind turbine.
  • This type of wind turbine generally comprises three blades 1, 2, 3 fastened by one of them 1a, 2a, 3a at their two ends at the same single point 5 of a mast, or of a tower, vertical 4. These blades 1, 2, 3 cause a horizontal axis in rotation, which is connected to an alternator or generator in a drive device 12, or nacelle.
  • This type of wind turbine is considered the direct descendant of windmills, which can be said to have been replaced by airplane wings.
  • the height H of the mast 4 has an influence on the power since the fast winds are in height.
  • the length of the blades 1, 2,3 also influences the power, since these blades delimit the surface S of the swept air disk and that the power supplied is proportional to this surface S.
  • a second major disadvantage is that a horizontal axis wind turbine is unidirectional. It therefore requires an orientation device, with a motor, so as to change this orientation according to the direction of the wind. This orientation device is generally integrated inside the nacelle 12, or associated with it, and thus at the top of the mast 4. Moreover, this type of wind turbine generates a noise nuisance, essentially related to the speed of the engine. attack of the air disk by the blades and the coaxial thrust.
  • the vertical axis wind turbine an example of which is shown in the figure
  • FIG. 1b better known as a "Darrieus" wind turbine, comprises two (or three) blades 1, 2 fixed at their ends 1a, 2a and 1b, 2b respectively in the same manner. single low point and the same single high point of the mast, or tower, vertical 4.
  • the rotor thus formed is parabolic, but it can also be cylindrical or frustoconical.
  • the height H of the mast 4 has, here again, an influence on the power since the fast winds are in height and the upper ends 1b, 2b of the blades 1, 2 can not climb higher than the top of the mast 4.
  • constant height H, the length of the blades 1, 2 and their curvature also influence the power, since these blades delimit the surface S of the cylinder or the air duct swept and the power is proportional to this surface S.
  • This type of wind turbine has, in particular, compared to horizontal axis wind turbines, the advantage of allowing easier maintenance, since all the engines are on the ground, or close to the ground, in the drive device 12 which comprises between other the generator energy. Moreover, at equal power, the noise pollution is reduced. In addition, this type of wind turbine is omnidirectional, and therefore does not require electronic orientation control.
  • this type of wind turbine requires the use of struts or stays 6.7, from the top of the mast to keep the assembly on the ground.
  • the surface area occupied by the guying becomes very substantial. Indeed, the 6,7 shrouds considerably limit the equatorial diameter, so the swept surface, therefore the power.
  • H at a constant mast height H, to obtain a swept surface substantially equivalent to that swept by the horizontal axis wind turbine of FIG. 1a, it is necessary to increase the length and the curvature of the blades 1, 2 in order to 'increase the equatorial diameter so that it goes from D to D'. But to do this, we must separate the guying in the way represented by the guys 6 ', 7', resulting in a floor occupied area that becomes huge.
  • the vertical axis wind turbine of the invention comprises blades which are connected to the mast only at a single low point.
  • the blades can climb much higher than with a wind turbine of the state of the art, with the consequence of capturing even faster winds, a larger swept surface, and therefore a better yield.
  • each upper end of the blades is connected to the same single low point of the mast, via a rigid lever. These levers are supported on the mast, allowing to take the force applied by the fast winds at the top of the blades to transmit down at a rotary bearing. This makes it possible to reduce the shearing effect, to eliminate the use of struts or shrouds, and to get rid of a starting mechanism since the wind turbine starts alone.
  • the invention thus relates to a vertical axis wind turbine comprising at least two blades connected by their respective lower ends to a rotary bearing of a mast.
  • the wind turbine is characterized in that each of the blades is also connected by its upper end to the rotary bearing of the mast by means of a rigid lever which bears on this mast and is connected to this rotary bearing.
  • the link between the rigid lever and the rotary bearing is formed by the top of this rotary bearing.
  • connection between the lever rigid and the rotary bearing is made from below this rotating bearing.
  • the length of the blades is greater than the length of the levers.
  • the distance between the rotary bearing and the top of the mast is less than the distance between the top of the mast and the projection of the upper ends of the blades on the vertical axis of the mast. Preferably, this distance is less than one third of the distance between the top of the mast and the projection of the upper ends of the blades on the vertical axis of the mast.
  • the distance between the rotary bearing and the projection of the upper ends of the blades on the vertical axis of the mast is greater than twice the height of the mast.
  • the equatorial diameter is greater than the height of the mast.
  • this equatorial diameter is greater than three times the height of the mast.
  • the wind turbine of the invention comprises a first and a second electromagnetic element located respectively above and below the rotary bearing, and a means of adjustable power supply in polarity and intensity for electrically powering these electromagnetic elements.
  • the vertical axis wind turbine of the invention advantageously makes it possible to obtain in particular a high efficiency, thanks in particular to the swept surface and the omnidirectional character. It also allows greater safety, thanks in particular to the double point of attachment of the blades and to the maintenance of the machines which can be carried out on the ground.
  • the wind turbine of the invention is also quieter and thus reduces the noise.
  • Figures 1a, 1b schematically and respectively represent two wind turbines of the prior art
  • Figures 2a, 2b schematically show an example of a wind embodiment of the invention in two respective views in three dimensions and projected in two dimensions
  • Figure 3 shows schematically a portion of the drive device of the wind turbine of the invention.
  • Figures 1a and 1b show schematically and respectively a horizontal axis wind turbine of the state of the art and a vertical axis wind turbine of the state of the art, and have been described previously.
  • Figures 2a and 2b show schematically an embodiment of the wind turbine of the invention.
  • the wind turbine is shown in a three-dimensional view. It comprises a mast, or tower, vertical 4, a height H, and a rotary bearing 5. At this rotary bearing 5 are connected three blades 1, 2,3 at their respective lower ends 1a, 2a, 3a.
  • the rotary bearing 5 also supports three rigid levers 8, 9, 10, preferably metal, which are respectively connected to the three upper ends 1b, 2b, 3b of the three blades 1, 2, 3.
  • the levers 8, 9, 10 rest on the mast 4, thus making it possible to take up the force applied by the fast winds at the top of the blades to transmit it downwards.
  • the wind turbine can start alone.
  • the wind turbine therefore has three blades, but it could just as well include two or more than three.
  • they are in the same plane which also contains the vertical axis of rotation.
  • connection between each lever 8,9,10 with the rotary bearing 5 is from above this bearing.
  • this connection can be made from below.
  • This figure 2b also shows the drive device 12, a part of which will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG.
  • the wind turbine shown in FIG. 2b or more precisely its rotor, therefore has an equatorial diameter D and a corresponding scanning surface S.
  • the scanned surface S is much larger.
  • the ratio between the surface swept by the wind turbine of the invention, and the surface swept by one of the wind turbines of the prior art (FIGS. 1a and 1b), constant height H of the mast is at least seven.
  • the length of the blades 1, 2 is much greater than the length of the levers 8, 9.
  • the curvature of the blades thus obtained makes it possible to achieve a high value for the equatorial diameter, without increasing the height H of the mast.
  • the equatorial diameter D is greater than the height of the mast 4.
  • the equatorial diameter D is greater than three times the height of the mast 4.
  • the rotary bearing 5 is located near the top of the mast 4.
  • the lower ends 1a, 2a blades 1, 2 are also located near the top of the mast 4, and the upper ends
  • the distance between the rotary bearing 5 and the top of the mast 4 is less than the distance between the top of the mast
  • this distance between the rotary bearing 5 and the top of the mast 4 is less than one third of the distance between the top of the mast 4 and the projection of the upper ends 1b, 2b of the blades 1, 2 on the vertical axis of the mast 4 (or axis of rotation).
  • the rotor at a constant mast height H, the rotor reaches a height at least three times greater than the height reached by the rotor of any of the wind turbines of the prior art (FIGS. 1a and 1b). ).
  • Figure 3 schematically shows a portion of the device 12 for driving the wind turbine of the invention.
  • the rotary bearing 5, which rotates around the mast 4 to which it is connected by bearings 15, is connected to a multiplier 16 via a primary shaft 19.
  • This multiplier 16 is connected to a generator, or alternator, 17 via a secondary shaft 20.
  • a brake 18 Between the multiplier 16 and the generator 17 is disposed a brake 18.
  • two electromagnetic elements 13, 14 are arranged around the mast 4, respectively above and below the rotary bearing 5. It may be, for example, electromagnetic coils which act as a speed regulator. rotation of the slow shaft as well as additional brake for increased safety.
  • electromagnetic elements 13, 14 are electrically powered by a power supply means 11 adjustable in polarity and intensity.
  • a power supply means 11 adjustable in polarity and intensity.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)
  • Hydraulic Turbines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention concerns a vertical-axis wind turbine useful in particular for supplying electricity, pumping water or storing potential energy. More precisely, the inventive wind turbine comprises two blades linked through their respective lower ends to a rotary bearing of a mast (4). Typically, each of the blades is likewise linked through its upper end to the rotary bearing of the mast via a rigid lever which is supported on said mast and which is linked to said rotary bearing.

Description

EOLIENNE A AXE VERTICAL VERTICAL AXLE WIND
La présente invention a pour objet une éolienne à axe vertical et trouve notamment son application à la fourniture d'électricité, au pompage de l'eau ou encore au stockage d'énergie potentielle.The present invention relates to a vertical axis wind turbine and finds particular application to the supply of electricity, the pumping of water or the storage of potential energy.
De nos jours, l'énergie éolienne apparaît comme une alternative importante aux sources traditionnelles d'énergie. Contrairement à ces sources traditionnelles, elle est renouvelable et non polluante en terme d'émission gazeuse et de rejet dans l'atmosphère ou sur terre. Le développement de cette énergie s'est récemment accéléré.Today, wind energy is emerging as an important alternative to traditional sources of energy. Unlike these traditional sources, it is renewable and non-polluting in terms of gaseous emissions and release into the atmosphere or on land. The development of this energy has recently accelerated.
Cette progression s'est accompagnée d'une évolution de la fiabilité, de la taille et du rendement des éoliennes, engendrant une baisse progressive du coût de production du kilowattheure jusqu'à un niveau compétitif par rapport aux autres sources d'énergie. On classe généralement les éoliennes dans deux grandes familles : les éoliennes à axe vertical, et les éoliennes à axe horizontal.This progression has been accompanied by a change in the reliability, size and yield of wind turbines, resulting in a gradual decline in the production cost per kilowatt-hour to a competitive level compared to other energy sources. Wind turbines are generally classified into two main families: vertical axis wind turbines and horizontal axis wind turbines.
L'éolienne à axe horizontal, dont un exemple est représenté à la figure 1a, est probablement le type d'éolienne le plus connu et le plus répandu. Ce type d'éolienne comporte généralement trois pales 1 ,2,3, fixées par l'une 1 a,2a,3a de leurs deux extrémités en le même point unique 5 d'un mât, ou d'une tour, vertical 4. Ces pales 1 ,2,3 entraînent un axe horizontal en rotation, qui est relié à un alternateur ou générateur dans un dispositif 12 d'entraînement, ou nacelle. Ce type d'éolienne est considéré comme le descendant direct des moulins à vent, dont on peut dire que les ailes en bois sont remplacées par des ailes d'avion.The horizontal axis wind turbine, an example of which is shown in Figure 1a, is probably the most well known and widespread type of wind turbine. This type of wind turbine generally comprises three blades 1, 2, 3 fastened by one of them 1a, 2a, 3a at their two ends at the same single point 5 of a mast, or of a tower, vertical 4. These blades 1, 2, 3 cause a horizontal axis in rotation, which is connected to an alternator or generator in a drive device 12, or nacelle. This type of wind turbine is considered the direct descendant of windmills, which can be said to have been replaced by airplane wings.
La hauteur H du mât 4 a une influence sur la puissance puisque les vents rapides se trouvent en hauteur. La longueur des pales 1 ,2,3 influence également la puissance, puisque ces pales délimitent la surface S du disque d'air balayé et que la puissance fournie est proportionnel à cette surface S.The height H of the mast 4 has an influence on the power since the fast winds are in height. The length of the blades 1, 2,3 also influences the power, since these blades delimit the surface S of the swept air disk and that the power supplied is proportional to this surface S.
Un des inconvénients de ce type d'éolienne est que la maintenance est rendue compliquée et dangereuse, puisque la nacelle 12 se trouve au sommet du mât 4. Un deuxième inconvénient important est qu'une éolienne à axe horizontal est unidirectionnelle. Elle nécessite donc un dispositif d'orientation, avec un moteur, de façon à modifier cette orientation en fonction de la direction du vent. Ce dispositif d'orientation est généralement intégré à l'intérieur de la nacelle 12, ou associé à celle- ci, donc au sommet du mât 4. Par ailleurs, ce type d'éolienne génère une nuisance sonore, essentiellement liée à la vitesse d'attaque du disque d'air par les pales et à la poussée coaxiale. L'éolienne à axe vertical, dont un exemple est représenté à la figureOne of the disadvantages of this type of wind turbine is that maintenance is made complicated and dangerous, since the nacelle 12 is at the top of the mast 4. A second major disadvantage is that a horizontal axis wind turbine is unidirectional. It therefore requires an orientation device, with a motor, so as to change this orientation according to the direction of the wind. This orientation device is generally integrated inside the nacelle 12, or associated with it, and thus at the top of the mast 4. Moreover, this type of wind turbine generates a noise nuisance, essentially related to the speed of the engine. attack of the air disk by the blades and the coaxial thrust. The vertical axis wind turbine, an example of which is shown in the figure
1 b, est restée jusqu'à ce jour beaucoup moins répandue. Son principe de mise en mouvement est similaire à celui d'un anémomètre : utilisation d'un couple moteur pour entraîner un générateur électrique ou un dispositif mécanique tel qu'une pompe. L'exemple représenté à la figure 1 b, plus connu sous le nom d'éolienne de type « Darrieus », comporte deux (ou trois) pales 1 ,2 fixées par leurs extrémités 1a,2a et 1 b,2b respectivement en le même point bas unique et le même point haut unique du mât, ou tour, vertical 4. Le rotor ainsi formé est parabolique, mais il peut également être cylindrique ou tronconique.1b, has remained to this day much less widespread. Its principle of setting in motion is similar to that of an anemometer: use of a motor torque to drive an electric generator or a mechanical device such as a pump. The example shown in FIG. 1b, better known as a "Darrieus" wind turbine, comprises two (or three) blades 1, 2 fixed at their ends 1a, 2a and 1b, 2b respectively in the same manner. single low point and the same single high point of the mast, or tower, vertical 4. The rotor thus formed is parabolic, but it can also be cylindrical or frustoconical.
La hauteur H du mât 4 a, ici encore, une influence sur la puissance puisque les vents rapides se trouvent en hauteur et les extrémités supérieures 1b,2b des pales 1 ,2 ne peuvent monter plus haut que le sommet du mât 4.. A hauteur H constante, la longueur des pales 1 ,2 et leur courbure influencent également la puissance, puisque ces pales délimitent la surface S du cylindre ou de la veine d'air balayé et que la puissance est proportionnelle à cette surface S.The height H of the mast 4 has, here again, an influence on the power since the fast winds are in height and the upper ends 1b, 2b of the blades 1, 2 can not climb higher than the top of the mast 4. constant height H, the length of the blades 1, 2 and their curvature also influence the power, since these blades delimit the surface S of the cylinder or the air duct swept and the power is proportional to this surface S.
Ce type d'éolienne présente notamment, par rapport aux éoliennes à axe horizontal, l'avantage de permettre une maintenance plus facile, puisque tous les moteurs sont au sol, ou à proximité du sol, dans le dispositif 12 d'entraînement qui comprend entre autre le générateur d'énergie. Par ailleurs, à puissance égale, la nuisance sonore est réduite. De plus, ce type d'éolienne est omnidirectionnel, et ne nécessite donc pas d'électronique de contrôle de l'orientation.This type of wind turbine has, in particular, compared to horizontal axis wind turbines, the advantage of allowing easier maintenance, since all the engines are on the ground, or close to the ground, in the drive device 12 which comprises between other the generator energy. Moreover, at equal power, the noise pollution is reduced. In addition, this type of wind turbine is omnidirectional, and therefore does not require electronic orientation control.
De telles éoliennes à axe vertical présentent cependant un certain nombre d'inconvénients importants, qui sont en partie à l'origine du fait que ces éoliennes sont moins répandues que les éoliennes à axe horizontal. En particulier, ce type d'éolienne ne démarre pas seul puisque son fonctionnement intrinsèque fait appel à la rotation des pales 1 ,2. Un système de lancement s'avère donc nécessaire, qui complique l'installation, le fonctionnement, et la maintenance de ce type d'éolienne.Such vertical axis turbines, however, have a number of significant disadvantages, which are partly responsible for the fact that these wind turbines are less widespread than horizontal axis wind turbines. In particular, this type of wind turbine does not start alone since its intrinsic operation involves the rotation of the blades 1, 2. A launch system is therefore necessary, which complicates the installation, operation, and maintenance of this type of wind turbine.
Par ailleurs ce type d'éolienne nécessite l'utilisation d'étais ou haubans 6,7, partant du haut du mât pour maintenir l'ensemble au sol. Pour des éoliennes de grande puissance, la surface occupée au sol par le haubanage devient donc très conséquente. En effet, les haubans 6,7 limitent considérablement le diamètre équatorial, donc la surface balayée, donc la puissance. Or, à hauteur H de mât constante, pour obtenir une surface balayée sensiblement équivalente à celle balayée par l'éolienne à axe horizontal de la figure 1a, il est nécessaire d'augmenter la longueur et la courbure des pales 1 ,2, afin d'augmenter le diamètre équatorial pour qu'il passe de D à D'. Mais pour ce faire, il faut écarter le haubanage de la façon représentée par les haubans 6',7', d'où une surface occupée au sol qui devient énorme.In addition, this type of wind turbine requires the use of struts or stays 6.7, from the top of the mast to keep the assembly on the ground. For large wind turbines, the surface area occupied by the guying becomes very substantial. Indeed, the 6,7 shrouds considerably limit the equatorial diameter, so the swept surface, therefore the power. However, at a constant mast height H, to obtain a swept surface substantially equivalent to that swept by the horizontal axis wind turbine of FIG. 1a, it is necessary to increase the length and the curvature of the blades 1, 2 in order to 'increase the equatorial diameter so that it goes from D to D'. But to do this, we must separate the guying in the way represented by the guys 6 ', 7', resulting in a floor occupied area that becomes huge.
Également, le fait que le rotor d'une telle éolienne soit installé près du sol, où, par nature, la vitesse du vent est plus faible qu'en hauteur et les perturbations et variations plus fréquentes, signifie que le captage d'énergie est effectué dans une zone peu favorable. Cela réduit significativement l'efficacité du dispositif.Also, the fact that the rotor of such a wind turbine is installed near the ground, where, by nature, the wind speed is lower than in height and the more frequent disturbances and variations, means that the energy capture is carried out in an unfavorable area. This significantly reduces the effectiveness of the device.
Enfin, comme déjà mentionné plus haut, la surface balayée, et donc la puissance, restent limités puisque cette surface dépend entre autre de la hauteur des pales. Or, la hauteur des pales est limitée par la hauteur du mât, et la hauteur du mât est limitée par la réglementation. !! existe donc un besoin d'une solution fiable et simple qui permette de pallier les inconvénients précités. Ainsi, c'est l'objet de la présente invention que de proposer une éolienne à axe vertical, dérivée du typeFinally, as already mentioned above, the swept surface, and therefore the power, remain limited since this surface depends inter alia on the height of the blades. However, the height of the blades is limited by the height of the mast, and the height of the mast is limited by the regulations. !! There is therefore a need for a reliable and simple solution that overcomes the aforementioned drawbacks. Thus, it is the object of the present invention to provide a vertical axis wind turbine, derived from the type
« Darrieus », qui présente un rendement plus élevé, notamment par l'augmentation de la hauteur des pales sans augmentation de la hauteur du mât, avec une surface d'implantation au sol réduite, ne nécessitant pas d'électronique de lancement, le tout avec une maintenance aisée à réaliser."Darrieus", which has a higher efficiency, in particular by increasing the height of the blades without increasing the height of the mast, with a reduced floor area, not requiring launch electronics, all with easy maintenance to achieve.
A cette fin, l'éolienne à axe vertical de l'invention comporte des pales qui ne sont reliées au mât qu'en un point bas unique. Ainsi, à hauteur de mât égale, les pales peuvent monter beaucoup plus haut qu'avec une éolienne de l'état de la technique, avec pour conséquence un captage des vents encore plus rapides, une surface balayée plus importante, donc un rendement meilleur. Par ailleurs, chaque extrémité haute des pales est reliée en le même point bas unique du mât, par l'intermédiaire d'un levier rigide. Ces leviers prennent appui sur le mât, permettant ainsi de reprendre la force appliquée par les vents rapides en haut des pales pour la transmettre en bas, au niveau d'un palier rotatif. Ceci permet de réduire l'effet de cisaillement, de supprimer l'utilisation des étais ou haubans, et de s'affranchir d'un mécanisme de démarrage puisque l'éolienne démarre seule.For this purpose, the vertical axis wind turbine of the invention comprises blades which are connected to the mast only at a single low point. Thus, at equal mast height, the blades can climb much higher than with a wind turbine of the state of the art, with the consequence of capturing even faster winds, a larger swept surface, and therefore a better yield. In addition, each upper end of the blades is connected to the same single low point of the mast, via a rigid lever. These levers are supported on the mast, allowing to take the force applied by the fast winds at the top of the blades to transmit down at a rotary bearing. This makes it possible to reduce the shearing effect, to eliminate the use of struts or shrouds, and to get rid of a starting mechanism since the wind turbine starts alone.
L'invention se rapporte donc à une éolienne à axe vertical comprenant au moins deux pales reliées par leurs extrémités inférieures respectives à un palier rotatif d'un mât. L'éolienne est caractéristique en ce que chacune des pales est également reliée par son extrémité supérieure au palier rotatif du mât par l'intermédiaire d'un levier rigide qui prend appui sur ce mât et est relié à ce palier rotatif.The invention thus relates to a vertical axis wind turbine comprising at least two blades connected by their respective lower ends to a rotary bearing of a mast. The wind turbine is characterized in that each of the blades is also connected by its upper end to the rotary bearing of the mast by means of a rigid lever which bears on this mast and is connected to this rotary bearing.
Dans une première variante de réalisation, la liaison entre le levier rigide et le palier rotatif est réalisée par le dessus de ce palier rotatif.In a first variant embodiment, the link between the rigid lever and the rotary bearing is formed by the top of this rotary bearing.
Dans une deuxième variante de réalisation, la liaison entre le levier rigide et le palier rotatif est réalisée par le dessous de ce palier rotatif.In a second variant embodiment, the connection between the lever rigid and the rotary bearing is made from below this rotating bearing.
Dans une autre variante de réalisation, éventuellement en combinaison avec l'une quelconque des précédentes, la longueur des pales est supérieure à la longueur des leviers. Dans une autre variante de réalisation, éventuellement en combinaison avec l'une quelconque des précédentes, la distance entre le palier rotatif et le sommet du mât est inférieure à la distance entre le sommet du mât et la projection des extrémités supérieures des pales sur l'axe vertical du mât. De préférence, cette distance est inférieure au tiers de la distance entre le sommet du mât et la projection des extrémités supérieures des pales sur l'axe vertical du mât.In another variant embodiment, possibly in combination with any one of the preceding, the length of the blades is greater than the length of the levers. In another variant embodiment, possibly in combination with any one of the preceding, the distance between the rotary bearing and the top of the mast is less than the distance between the top of the mast and the projection of the upper ends of the blades on the vertical axis of the mast. Preferably, this distance is less than one third of the distance between the top of the mast and the projection of the upper ends of the blades on the vertical axis of the mast.
Dans une autre variante de réalisation, éventuellement en combinaison avec l'une quelconque des précédentes, la distance entre le palier rotatif et la projection des extrémités supérieures des pales sur l'axe vertical du mât est supérieure au double de la hauteur du mât.In another variant embodiment, possibly in combination with any one of the preceding, the distance between the rotary bearing and the projection of the upper ends of the blades on the vertical axis of the mast is greater than twice the height of the mast.
Eventuellement, le diamètre équatorial est supérieur à la hauteur du mât. De préférence, ce diamètre équatorial est supérieur à trois fois la hauteur du mât. Dans une autre variante de réalisation, éventuellement en combinaison avec l'une quelconque des précédentes, l'éolienne de l'invention comprend un premier et un deuxième éléments électromagnétiques situés respectivement au-dessus et en-dessous du palier rotatif, et un moyen d'alimentation électrique réglable en polarité et en intensité pour alimenter électriquement ces éléments électromagnétiques.Optionally, the equatorial diameter is greater than the height of the mast. Preferably, this equatorial diameter is greater than three times the height of the mast. In another variant embodiment, possibly in combination with any one of the preceding embodiments, the wind turbine of the invention comprises a first and a second electromagnetic element located respectively above and below the rotary bearing, and a means of adjustable power supply in polarity and intensity for electrically powering these electromagnetic elements.
Ainsi l'éolienne à axe vertical de l'invention permet avantageusement d'obtenir en particulier un rendement élevé, grâce notamment à la surface balayée et au caractère omnidirectionnel. Elle permet également une plus grande sécurité, grâce notamment au double point de fixation des pales et à la maintenance des machines qui peut être réalisée au sol. L'éolienne de l'invention est par ailleurs plus silencieuse et réduit donc ainsi les nuisances sonores.Thus the vertical axis wind turbine of the invention advantageously makes it possible to obtain in particular a high efficiency, thanks in particular to the swept surface and the omnidirectional character. It also allows greater safety, thanks in particular to the double point of attachment of the blades and to the maintenance of the machines which can be carried out on the ground. The wind turbine of the invention is also quieter and thus reduces the noise.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront plus clairement et de manière complète à la lecture de la description ci- après des variantes préférées de réalisation du dispositif, lesquelles sont données à titres d'exemples non limitatifs et en référence aux dessins annexés suivants : figures 1a,1 b : représentent schématiquement et respectivement deux éoliennes de l'art antérieur, - figures 2a, 2b : représentent schématiquement un exemple de réalisation éolienne de l'invention dans deux vues respectives en trois dimensions et projetée en deux dimensions, figure 3 : représente schématiquement une partie du dispositif d'entraînement de l'éolienne de l'invention.Other features and advantages of the invention will appear more clearly and completely on reading the following description of the preferred embodiments of the device, which are given by way of non-limiting examples and with reference to the accompanying drawings. following: Figures 1a, 1b: schematically and respectively represent two wind turbines of the prior art, - Figures 2a, 2b: schematically show an example of a wind embodiment of the invention in two respective views in three dimensions and projected in two dimensions, Figure 3 shows schematically a portion of the drive device of the wind turbine of the invention.
Les figures 1 a et 1 b représentent schématiquement et respectivement une éolienne à axe horizontal de l'état de la technique et une éolienne à axe vertical de l'état de la technique, et ont été décrites précédemment. Les figures 2a et 2b représentent schématiquement un exemple de réalisation de l'éolienne de l'invention.Figures 1a and 1b show schematically and respectively a horizontal axis wind turbine of the state of the art and a vertical axis wind turbine of the state of the art, and have been described previously. Figures 2a and 2b show schematically an embodiment of the wind turbine of the invention.
A la figure 2a, l'éolienne est représentée dans une vue en trois dimensions. Elle comporte un mât, ou tour, vertical 4, d'une hauteur H, et un palier rotatif 5. A ce palier rotatif 5 sont reliées trois pales 1 ,2,3 par leurs extrémités inférieures respectives 1a,2a,3a.In Figure 2a, the wind turbine is shown in a three-dimensional view. It comprises a mast, or tower, vertical 4, a height H, and a rotary bearing 5. At this rotary bearing 5 are connected three blades 1, 2,3 at their respective lower ends 1a, 2a, 3a.
Le palier rotatif 5 supporte par ailleurs trois leviers rigides 8,9,10, de préférence métalliques, qui sont reliés respectivement aux trois extrémités supérieures 1 b, 2b, 3b des trois pales 1 ,2,3.The rotary bearing 5 also supports three rigid levers 8, 9, 10, preferably metal, which are respectively connected to the three upper ends 1b, 2b, 3b of the three blades 1, 2, 3.
Les leviers 8,9,10 appuient sur le mât 4, permettant ainsi de reprendre la force appliquée par les vents rapides en haut des pales pour la transmettre en bas. L'éolienne peut donc démarrer seule. Dans cet exemple de réalisation, l'éolienne comporte donc trois pales, mais elle pourrait tout aussi bien n'en comporter que deux, ou encore plus de trois. Bien sûr, dans le cas d'une éolienne à deux pales, celles-ci se trouvent dans un même plan qui contient également l'axe de rotation vertical.The levers 8, 9, 10 rest on the mast 4, thus making it possible to take up the force applied by the fast winds at the top of the blades to transmit it downwards. The wind turbine can start alone. In this embodiment, the wind turbine therefore has three blades, but it could just as well include two or more than three. Of course, in the case of a wind turbine with two blades, they are in the same plane which also contains the vertical axis of rotation.
A la figure 2b, l'éolienne de la figure 2a est représentée en vue projetée en deux dimensions. Ainsi, la troisième pales 3 n'apparaît pas, par souci de simplification et pour faciliter la compréhension du schéma.In Figure 2b, the wind turbine of Figure 2a is shown in two-dimensional projected view. Thus, the third blade 3 does not appear, for the sake of simplification and to facilitate the understanding of the diagram.
On retrouve donc sur la figure 2b les mêmes éléments que ceux présents sur la figure 2a, à l'exception de la pale 3 et du levier 10 qui lui est associé.Thus we find in Figure 2b the same elements as those present in Figure 2a, with the exception of the blade 3 and the lever 10 associated therewith.
Dans cette variante de réalisation (figures 2a ou 2b), la liaison entre chaque levier 8,9,10 avec le palier rotatif 5 se fait par le dessus de ce palier. Alternativement, cette liaison peut être réalisée par le dessous. Dans cette figure 2b est également représenté le dispositif 12 d'entraînement, dont une partie sera expliquée plus en détail en référence à la figure 3.In this embodiment (Figures 2a or 2b), the connection between each lever 8,9,10 with the rotary bearing 5 is from above this bearing. Alternatively, this connection can be made from below. This figure 2b also shows the drive device 12, a part of which will be explained in more detail with reference to FIG.
L'éolienne représentée à la figure 2b, ou plus précisément son rotor, possède donc un diamètre équatorial D et une surface de balayage S conséquents.The wind turbine shown in FIG. 2b, or more precisely its rotor, therefore has an equatorial diameter D and a corresponding scanning surface S.
On peut en effet constater, par comparaison avec les figure 1 a et 1 b, qu'à hauteur H de mât constante, la surface S balayée est beaucoup plus importante. Dans un exemple de réalisation, le rapport entre la surface balayée par l'éolienne de l'invention, et la surface balayée par l'une des éoliennes de l'art antérieur (figures 1a et 1 b), hauteur H de mât constante, est au moins égal à sept.It can indeed be seen, by comparison with FIGS. 1a and 1b, that at constant mast height H, the scanned surface S is much larger. In an exemplary embodiment, the ratio between the surface swept by the wind turbine of the invention, and the surface swept by one of the wind turbines of the prior art (FIGS. 1a and 1b), constant height H of the mast, is at least seven.
On voit que la longueur des pales 1 ,2 est bien supérieure à la longueur des leviers 8,9. La courbure des pales ainsi obtenue permet d'atteindre une valeur élevée pour le diamètre équatorial, sans augmenter la hauteur H du mât.It can be seen that the length of the blades 1, 2 is much greater than the length of the levers 8, 9. The curvature of the blades thus obtained makes it possible to achieve a high value for the equatorial diameter, without increasing the height H of the mast.
De préférence, le diamètre équatorial D est supérieur à la hauteur du mât 4.Preferably, the equatorial diameter D is greater than the height of the mast 4.
Dans une variante de réalisation, le diamètre équatorial D est supérieur à trois fois la hauteur du mât 4.In an alternative embodiment, the equatorial diameter D is greater than three times the height of the mast 4.
De préférence encore, pour permettre au rotor d'atteindre une hauteur importante dans le but de capter des vents plus rapides en hauteur, le palier rotatif 5 est situé à proximité du sommet du mât 4. De la sorte, les extrémités inférieures 1a,2a des pales 1 ,2 sont également situées à proximité du sommet du mât 4, et les extrémités supérieuresMore preferably, to allow the rotor to reach a high height for the purpose of capturing faster winds in height, the rotary bearing 5 is located near the top of the mast 4. In this way, the lower ends 1a, 2a blades 1, 2 are also located near the top of the mast 4, and the upper ends
1 b, 2b de ces pales 1 ,2 peuvent monter jusqu'à une hauteur importante. Dans une variante de réalisation, la distance entre le palier rotatif 5 et le sommet du mât 4 est inférieure à la distance entre le sommet du mât1 b, 2b of these blades 1, 2 can rise to a high height. In an alternative embodiment, the distance between the rotary bearing 5 and the top of the mast 4 is less than the distance between the top of the mast
4 et la projection des extrémités supérieures 1 b, 2b des pales 1 ,2 sur l'axe vertical du mât 4 (ou axe de rotation).4 and the projection of the upper ends 1b, 2b of the blades 1, 2 on the vertical axis of the mast 4 (or axis of rotation).
Dans une autre variante de réalisation, cette distance entre le palier rotatif 5 et le sommet du mât 4 est inférieure au tiers de la distance entre le sommet du mât 4 et la projection des extrémités supérieures 1b,2b des pales 1 ,2 sur l'axe vertical du mât 4 (ou axe de rotation).In another embodiment, this distance between the rotary bearing 5 and the top of the mast 4 is less than one third of the distance between the top of the mast 4 and the projection of the upper ends 1b, 2b of the blades 1, 2 on the vertical axis of the mast 4 (or axis of rotation).
Dans une autre variante de réalisation, éventuellement en combinaison avec l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des précédentes, la distance entre le palier rotatif 5 et la projection des extrémités supérieuresIn another variant embodiment, possibly in combination with any one or more of the preceding embodiments, the distance between the rotary bearing 5 and the projection of the upper ends
1 b, 2b des pales 1 ,2 sur l'axe vertical du mât 4, ou axe de rotation, est supérieure au double de la hauteur du mât 4.1 b, 2b of the blades 1, 2 on the vertical axis of the mast 4, or axis of rotation, is greater than twice the height of the mast 4.
Ainsi, dans un exemple de réalisation, à hauteur H de mât constante, le rotor atteint une hauteur au moins trois fois supérieure à la hauteur atteinte par le rotor de l'une quelconque des éoliennes de l'art antérieur (figures 1a et 1 b).Thus, in an exemplary embodiment, at a constant mast height H, the rotor reaches a height at least three times greater than the height reached by the rotor of any of the wind turbines of the prior art (FIGS. 1a and 1b). ).
La figure 3 représente schématiquement une partie du dispositif 12 d'entraînement de l'éolienne de l'invention.Figure 3 schematically shows a portion of the device 12 for driving the wind turbine of the invention.
De façon classique, le palier rotatif 5, qui tourne autour du mât 4 auquel il est lié par des roulements 15, est relié à un multiplicateur 16 par l'intermédiaire d'un arbre primaire 19. Ce multiplicateur 16 est relié à un générateur, ou alternateur, 17 par l'intermédiaire d'un arbre secondaire 20. Entre le multiplicateur 16 et le générateur 17 est disposé un frein 18.Conventionally, the rotary bearing 5, which rotates around the mast 4 to which it is connected by bearings 15, is connected to a multiplier 16 via a primary shaft 19. This multiplier 16 is connected to a generator, or alternator, 17 via a secondary shaft 20. Between the multiplier 16 and the generator 17 is disposed a brake 18.
Cette description avec la séparation des différents éléments du dispositif 12 d'entraînement est purement fonctionnelle et est donnée à titre indicatif. Par exemple, le multiplicateur 16 pourrait très bien être intégré au générateur ou alternateur 17, comme c'est la cas dans certains types de dispositif d'entraînement connus.This description with the separation of the different elements of the drive device 12 is purely functional and is given as an indication. For example, the multiplier 16 could very well be integrated in the generator or alternator 17, as is the case in certain types of known drive device.
De façon caractéristique, deux éléments électromagnétiques 13,14 sont disposés autour du mât 4, respectivement au-dessus et au-dessous du palier rotatif 5. Il peut s'agir par exemple de bobines électromagnétiques qui jouent le rôle de régulateur.de vitesse de rotation de l'arbre lent ainsi que de frein complémentaire pour une sécurité accrue.Characteristically, two electromagnetic elements 13, 14 are arranged around the mast 4, respectively above and below the rotary bearing 5. It may be, for example, electromagnetic coils which act as a speed regulator. rotation of the slow shaft as well as additional brake for increased safety.
Ces éléments électromagnétiques 13,14 sont alimentés électriquement par un moyen 11 d'alimentation électrique réglable en polarité et en intensité. Ainsi, un réglage et/ou contrôle approprié permet d'attirer progressivement l'un ou l'autre des éléments électromagnétiquesThese electromagnetic elements 13, 14 are electrically powered by a power supply means 11 adjustable in polarity and intensity. Thus, an appropriate setting and / or control makes it possible to gradually attract one or the other of the electromagnetic elements
13,14 vers le palier rotatif 5.13,14 to the rotary bearing 5.
Ces éléments 13,14, pourvus par exemple d'un disque de freinage, permettent la mise en œuvre d'un freinage électromagnétique, qui vient en complément du freinage classique sur l'arbre secondaire 20 tel que décrit ci-dessus. Ces éléments permettent donc la mise en œuvre d'un mécanisme de sécurité supplémentaire.These elements 13, 14, provided for example with a braking disc, allow the implementation of an electromagnetic braking, which comes in addition to conventional braking on the secondary shaft 20 as described above. These elements therefore allow the implementation of an additional security mechanism.
L'ensemble de la description ci-dessus est donné à titre d'exemple et est non limitatif de l'invention. The whole of the description above is given by way of example and is not limiting of the invention.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Eolienne à axe vertical comprenant au moins deux pales (1 ,2) reliées par leurs extrémités inférieures respectives (1 a, 2a) à un palier rotatif (5) d'un mât (4), caractérisée en ce que chacune desdites pales (1 ,2) est également reliée par son extrémité supérieure (1 b, 2b) audit palier rotatif (5) dudit mât (4) par l'intermédiaire d'un levier (8,9) rigide prenant appui sur ce dit mât (4) et relié à ce dit palier rotatif (5).1. Vertical axis wind turbine comprising at least two blades (1, 2) connected by their respective lower ends (1 a, 2a) to a rotary bearing (5) of a mast (4), characterized in that each of said blades (1, 2) is also connected by its upper end (1b, 2b) to said rotary bearing (5) of said mast (4) via a lever (8,9) rigid bearing on said mast ( 4) and connected to said rotary bearing (5).
2. Eolienne selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que la liaison entre ledit levier (8,9) rigide et ledit palier rotatif (5) est réalisée par le dessus de ce dit palier rotatif (5).2. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection between said rigid lever (8,9) and said rotary bearing (5) is formed by the top of said rotary bearing (5).
3. Eolienne selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que la liaison entre ledit levier (8,9) rigide et ledit palier rotatif (5) est réalisée par le dessous de ce dit palier rotatif (5).3. Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the connection between said rigid lever (8,9) and said rotary bearing (5) is formed by the underside of said rotary bearing (5).
4. Eolienne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisée en ce que la longueur desdites pales (1 ,2) est supérieure à la longueur desdits leviers (8,9). 4. Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the length of said blades (1, 2) is greater than the length of said levers (8.9).
5. Eolienne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisée en ce que la distance entre ledit palier rotatif (5) et le sommet dudit mât (4) est inférieure à la distance entre le sommet dudit mât (4) et la projection desdites extrémités supérieures (1 b,2b) desdites pales (1 ,2) sur l'axe vertical dudit mât (4). 5. Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the distance between said rotary bearing (5) and the top of said mast (4) is less than the distance between the top of said mast (4) and the projecting said upper ends (1b, 2b) of said blades (1, 2) on the vertical axis of said mast (4).
6. Eolienne selon la revendication 5, caractérisée en ce que la distance entre ledit palier rotatif (5) et le sommet dudit mât (4) est inférieure au tiers de la distance entre le sommet dudit mât (4) et la projection desdites extrémités supérieures (1 b,2b) desdites pales (1 ,2) sur l'axe vertical dudit mât (4). 6. Wind turbine according to claim 5, characterized in that the distance between said rotary bearing (5) and the top of said mast (4) is less than one third of the distance between the top of said mast (4) and the projection of said upper ends (1b, 2b) of said blades (1, 2) on the vertical axis of said mast (4).
7. Eolienne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisée en ce que la distance entre ledit palier rotatif (5) et la projection desdites extrémités supérieures (1 b,2b) desdites pales (1 ,2) sur l'axe vertical dudit mât (4) est supérieure au double de la hauteur dudit mât (4).Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the distance between said rotary bearing (5) and the projecting said upper ends (1b, 2b) of said blades (1, 2) on the vertical axis of said mast (4) is greater than twice the height of said mast (4).
8. Eolienne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisée en ce son diamètre équatorial est supérieur à la hauteur dudit mât (4).8. Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that its equatorial diameter is greater than the height of said mast (4).
9. Eolienne selon la revendication 8, caractérisée en ce que son diamètre équatorial est supérieur ou à trois fois la hauteur dudit mâtWind turbine according to claim 8, characterized in that its equatorial diameter is greater than or three times the height of said mast.
(4). (4).
10. Eolienne selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comprend un dispositif (12) d'entraînement, lui-même comprenant un premier et un deuxième éléments électromagnétiques (13,14) situés respectivement au- dessus et au-dessous dudit palier rotatif (5), et un moyen (11) d'alimentation électrique réglable en polarité et en intensité pour alimenter électriquement lesdits éléments électromagnétiques (13,14). 10. Wind turbine according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises a drive device (12), itself comprising a first and a second electromagnetic elements (13,14) respectively located above and below said rotary bearing (5), and polarity and intensity adjustable power supply means (11) for electrically supplying said electromagnetic elements (13, 14).
EP05818201A 2004-11-18 2005-11-17 Vertical-axis wind turbine Withdrawn EP1819926A1 (en)

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WO2006053987A1 (en) 2006-05-26
CN100575697C (en) 2009-12-30
BRPI0518442A2 (en) 2008-11-18
CN101061311A (en) 2007-10-24
RU2007122489A (en) 2008-12-27
AU2005305704A1 (en) 2006-05-26
FR2878001B1 (en) 2007-03-16
RU2382233C2 (en) 2010-02-20
CA2628592A1 (en) 2006-05-26
FR2878001A1 (en) 2006-05-19
US20090074581A1 (en) 2009-03-19

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