EP1618300A2 - Self-adjustable shrouded wind turbine - Google Patents

Self-adjustable shrouded wind turbine

Info

Publication number
EP1618300A2
EP1618300A2 EP04742616A EP04742616A EP1618300A2 EP 1618300 A2 EP1618300 A2 EP 1618300A2 EP 04742616 A EP04742616 A EP 04742616A EP 04742616 A EP04742616 A EP 04742616A EP 1618300 A2 EP1618300 A2 EP 1618300A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wind
wind turbine
blades
hub
fairing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04742616A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Hervé KUHLMANN
Francis G.L. Poullain
Jean-Charles Poullain
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gestion Service Enterprise Financiere - GSEF
Original Assignee
Gestion Service Enterprise Financiere - GSEF
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gestion Service Enterprise Financiere - GSEF filed Critical Gestion Service Enterprise Financiere - GSEF
Publication of EP1618300A2 publication Critical patent/EP1618300A2/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/022—Adjusting aerodynamic properties of the blades
    • F03D7/0224—Adjusting blade pitch
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D7/00—Controlling wind motors 
    • F03D7/02—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor
    • F03D7/0204—Controlling wind motors  the wind motors having rotation axis substantially parallel to the air flow entering the rotor for orientation in relation to wind direction
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2240/00—Components
    • F05B2240/10—Stators
    • F05B2240/13—Stators to collect or cause flow towards or away from turbines
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a wind turbine mounted freely pivoting about a vertical axis of rotation so as to allow its natural self-orientation facing the wind and comprising a propeller actuated by the wind and cooperating with a alternator to supply electrical energy.
  • Such propellers conventionally cooperate with dynamos or industrial alternators equipped with speed multiplier drives, which makes them heavy, expensive, and of low efficiency.
  • the oblique blades are longer than radial blades of the same working diameter and are active over their entire length. without aerodynamic end loss, which again increases efficiency.
  • This wind turbine has proven to be more robust, less bulky at equal power and less noisy than conventional wind turbines.
  • This fairing in fact makes it possible to suppress the turbulence at the origin of the noise and to create, in cooperation with the hub, a diverging convergent diffuser assembly making it possible to obtain optimal conditions for acceleration of the air flow in its most section. close and therefore the optimal rotation of the blades.
  • These bodies are, for example, constituted by “yaw” motors which make it possible to orient the wind turbine according to the wind, by “yaw sensor” which indicate the direction of rotation of the wind turbine as well as by devices for adapted management.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a self-rotating wind turbine which overcomes this difficulty.
  • To design such a wind turbine we had the idea of using the fairing as a fin.
  • Such a self-rotating wind turbine according to the invention can thus be of any type, and have a small, medium or a large span provided that it is equipped with a divergent fairing.
  • this wind turbine is pivotally mounted about a vertical axis of rotation so as to allow its orientation facing the wind and comprises a propeller actuated by the wind, which is equipped with blades carried by a hub with a horizontal axis as well as 'an alternator cooperating with the propeller to supply electrical energy, and a diverging circular fairing of relatively short length mounted concentrically with the hub and surrounding the blades.
  • This wind turbine is characterized in that its axis of rotation is located upstream of the focus of the resulting aerodynamic forces generated on the fairing by an axial wind, in the direction of this wind.
  • Such a self-orienting wind turbine can however have the drawback of risking getting carried away when the wind power is too great, thus endangering the various elements of its structure.
  • this difficulty has been overcome by adding to the hub of the wind turbine members making it possible to modify the orientation of the blades relative to the wind.
  • the blades can thus be "erased” from the wind in the presence of strong wind.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic section of a wind turbine according to the invention by a vertical plane
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic section of a wind turbine according to the invention oriented facing the wind V by the horizontal median plane of the fairing;
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic section corresponding to Figure 2, but in which the wind turbine is oriented obliquely to the wind V.
  • the wind turbine is equipped with a hub 10 with a horizontal axis xx 'equipped with blades 1 1 as well as an alternator 12 and a divergent circular fairing 1 mounted concentrically with the hub 10 via of support arms 13 and surrounding the blades 11.
  • This wind turbine is pivotally mounted on a vertical mast 2 shown diagrammatically by a circle in FIGS. 2 and 3 by means of a pivot 14.
  • the fairing 1 has a particular aerodynamic profile defined by a rounded leading edge 3 followed by an upper / lower surface 4 and diverging trailing edges 5.
  • the internal cord C has a relatively short length whereas the mean radius R essentially corresponds to the length of the blades 11.
  • the angle of the cord C and the axis x-x 'of the fairing 1 is from 5 to 30 °.
  • the set of aerodynamic forces Frtotal generated by the wind V can be summed up in two forces, namely a resultant Frd on the right side of the fairing 1 and a resultant Frg on the left side of the fairing 1.
  • the angle of incidence of the wind V on the right chord C is equal to the angle of incidence of the wind on the left chord C and therefore the resultant Frd is equal to the resultant Frg.
  • the focal point Fc of these two forces is located at a distance d from the axis of rotation 2 of the wind turbine, behind this axis.
  • such a configuration therefore allows, in fact, to use the fairing as a drift so as to allow self-orientation of the wind turbine, facing the wind.
  • the distance d between the focal point Fc and the axis of rotation 2 of the wind turbine and consequently the position of this axis of rotation play an essential role in the temporal dynamics of the system: in fact, the greater the distance d is large, the shorter the response time to variations in wind direction.
  • Various factors must however be taken into account when choosing the position of the axis of rotation 2 of the wind turbine, in particular:

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a wind turbine that is pivotably mounted about a vertical rotational axis (2) in such a way as to be oriented towards the wind (V), and comprises a propeller which is driven by the wind and provided with blades (11) carried by a hub (10) with a horizontal axis, an alternator (2) which co-operates with the propeller in order to supply electrical energy, and a relatively short diffusing circular shroud (1) which is concentrically mounted on the hub (10) and surrounds the blades (11). The inventive wind turbine is characterised in that the rotational axis (2) is located upstream of the centre (Fc) of the resulting aerodynamic forces (Frd, Frg) generated on the shroud (1) by an axial wind (V), in the direction of said wind.

Description

« Eolienne carénée auto-orientable » La présente invention concerne une eolienne montée librement pivotante autour d'un axe de rotation vertical de façon à permettre son auto-orientation naturelle face au vent et comportant une hélice ac- tionnée par le vent et coopérant avec un alternateur pour fournir de l'énergie électrique. The present invention relates to a wind turbine mounted freely pivoting about a vertical axis of rotation so as to allow its natural self-orientation facing the wind and comprising a propeller actuated by the wind and cooperating with a alternator to supply electrical energy.
Les spécialistes cherchent depuis longtemps à récupérer l'énergie eolienne qui a l'avantage d'être propre, c'est-à-dire de ne pas engendrer de pollution thermique ou chimique et parallèlement d'être iné- puisable.Specialists have long sought to recover wind energy which has the advantage of being clean, that is to say not to generate thermal or chemical pollution and at the same time to be inexhaustible.
Ces avantages sont toutefois compensés dans une large mesure par une série d'inconvénients en particulier liés au caractère dispersé et intermittent du vent ; il est en outre bien connu que les « parcs » d'éoliennes consomment beaucoup d'espace et ne fonctionnent pas sans nuisances sonores.These advantages are, however, largely offset by a series of disadvantages, in particular linked to the dispersed and intermittent nature of the wind; it is also well known that wind farm “parks” consume a lot of space and do not operate without noise pollution.
Ces inconvénients font que le marché des éoliennes n'a pas connu ces dernières années l'essor auquel on aurait pu s'attendre, et que les perspectives de développement dans ce domaine sont aujourd'hui très larges. De manière plus précise, les éoliennes actuellement utilisées sont fréquemment équipées d'hélices à pales radiales et à axe horizontal analogues à celles permettant la propulsion d'avions, mais en règle générale beaucoup plus grandes.These drawbacks mean that the wind turbine market has not experienced the growth that one would have expected in recent years, and that the prospects for development in this area are very broad today. More precisely, the wind turbines currently used are frequently fitted with propellers with radial blades and with a horizontal axis similar to those allowing the propulsion of airplanes, but in general much larger.
De telles hélices coopèrent classiquement avec des dynamos ou des alternateurs industriels équipés d'entraînements multiplicateurs de vitesse, ce qui les rend lourdes, coûteuses, et de faible rendement.Such propellers conventionally cooperate with dynamos or industrial alternators equipped with speed multiplier drives, which makes them heavy, expensive, and of low efficiency.
Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, on a déjà proposé conformément au document FR- 2 793 528, une eolienne équipée de pales hélicoïdales inclinées vers l'amont portées par un moyeu de gros diamètre ainsi que d'un carénage circulaire divergent de longueur relativement faible monté concentriquement au moyeu et entourant les pales à proximité de leurs extrémités.To overcome this drawback, there has already been proposed in accordance with document FR-2 793 528, a wind turbine equipped with helical blades inclined upstream carried by a large diameter hub as well as a diverging circular fairing of relatively short length mounted. concentrically with the hub and surrounding the blades near their ends.
Dans une telle eolienne l'écoulement de l'air est guidé par un ensemble diffuseur constitué par le moyeu et le carénage. Ce dernier est divergent ce qui permet d'obtenir une survitesse au droit des pales et augmente l'énergie transmise.In such a wind turbine the air flow is guided by a diffuser assembly formed by the hub and the fairing. The latter is divergent which makes it possible to obtain an overspeed in line with the blades and increases the transmitted energy.
En outre, les pales obliques sont plus longues que des pales radiales de même diamètre utile et sont actives sur toute leur longueur sans perte aérodynamique d'extrémité, ce qui augmente là encore le rendement.In addition, the oblique blades are longer than radial blades of the same working diameter and are active over their entire length. without aerodynamic end loss, which again increases efficiency.
Cette eolienne s'est avérée à l'usage plus robuste, moins encombrante à puissance égale et moins bruyante que les éoliennes classi- ques.This wind turbine has proven to be more robust, less bulky at equal power and less noisy than conventional wind turbines.
Ces avantages sont notamment obtenus grâce à la présence du carénage qui comporte de préférence un bord d'attaque arrondi suivi d'une carène épaisse et d'un bord de fuite mince divergent.These advantages are notably obtained thanks to the presence of the fairing which preferably has a rounded leading edge followed by a thick hull and a divergent thin trailing edge.
Ce carénage permet en effet de supprimer les turbulences à l'origine du bruit et de créer, en coopération avec le moyeu, un ensemble diffuseur convergent divergent permettant d'obtenir des conditions optimales d'accélération du flux d'air dans sa section la plus étroite et par suite l'entraînement optimal en rotation des pales.This fairing in fact makes it possible to suppress the turbulence at the origin of the noise and to create, in cooperation with the hub, a diverging convergent diffuser assembly making it possible to obtain optimal conditions for acceleration of the air flow in its most section. close and therefore the optimal rotation of the blades.
De telles éoliennes doivent bien entendu comme toutes les éoliennes montées sur un mât vertical être toujours orientées face au vent ; elles sont donc tributaires d'organes d'orientation.Such wind turbines must of course like all wind turbines mounted on a vertical mast always be facing the wind; they are therefore dependent on guidance bodies.
Ces organes sont à titre d'exemple constitués par des « yaw » moteurs qui permettent d'orienter l'éolienne en fonction du vent, par des « yaw sensor » qui indiquent le sens de rotation de l'éolienne ainsi que par des dispositifs de gestion adaptés.These bodies are, for example, constituted by “yaw” motors which make it possible to orient the wind turbine according to the wind, by “yaw sensor” which indicate the direction of rotation of the wind turbine as well as by devices for adapted management.
Or, de tels organes d'orientation sont onéreux et relativement sophistiqués, donc exposés à des pannes, en particulier dans le cas d 'éoliennes de grande envergure.However, such orienting members are expensive and relatively sophisticated, therefore exposed to breakdowns, in particular in the case of large-scale wind turbines.
Ces organes sont en outre de nature à entraîner des risques d'emmêlement des câbles qui transmettent l'énergie.These organs are also likely to entail the risk of tangled cables which transmit energy.
Pour remédier à ces inconvénients, on a déjà proposé de monter les pales d'une eolienne à la partie aval du moyeu dans le sens du vent ou de lui adjoindre une dérive lui permettant de rester orientée face au vent en toute circonstance ce sans avoir recours à des organes d'orientation mécaniques.To overcome these drawbacks, it has already been proposed to mount the blades of a wind turbine at the downstream part of the hub in the direction of the wind or to add a fin allowing it to remain oriented towards the wind in all circumstances without resorting to mechanical orientation members.
Une telle configuration ne peut toutefois pas s'appliquer à toutes les éoliennes en particulier aux éoliennes de grande dimension.However, such a configuration cannot be applied to all wind turbines, in particular to large wind turbines.
La présente invention a pour objet de proposer une eolienne auto-orientable permettant de surmonter cette difficulté. Pour concevoir une telle eolienne, on a eu l'idée d'utiliser le carénage en tant que dérive.The object of the present invention is to provide a self-rotating wind turbine which overcomes this difficulty. To design such a wind turbine, we had the idea of using the fairing as a fin.
Une telle eolienne auto-orientable conforme à l'invention peut ainsi être de type quelconque, et avoir une petite, une moyenne ou une grande envergure à la condition d'être équipée d'un carénage divergent.Such a self-rotating wind turbine according to the invention can thus be of any type, and have a small, medium or a large span provided that it is equipped with a divergent fairing.
Selon l'invention cette eolienne est montée pivotante autour d'un axe de rotation vertical de façon à permettre son orientation face au vent et comporte une hélice actionnée par le vent, qui est équipée de pales portées par un moyeu d'axe horizontal ainsi qu'un alternateur coopérant avec l'hélice pour fournir de l'énergie électrique, et un carénage circulaire divergent de longueur relativement faible monté concentriquement au moyeu et entourant les pales. Cette eolienne est caractérisée en ce que son axe de rotation est situé en amont du foyer des forces aérodynamiques résultantes générées sur le carénage par un vent axial, dans le sens de ce vent.According to the invention this wind turbine is pivotally mounted about a vertical axis of rotation so as to allow its orientation facing the wind and comprises a propeller actuated by the wind, which is equipped with blades carried by a hub with a horizontal axis as well as 'an alternator cooperating with the propeller to supply electrical energy, and a diverging circular fairing of relatively short length mounted concentrically with the hub and surrounding the blades. This wind turbine is characterized in that its axis of rotation is located upstream of the focus of the resulting aerodynamic forces generated on the fairing by an axial wind, in the direction of this wind.
Une telle eolienne auto-orientable peut toutefois présenter l'inconvénient de risquer de s'emballer lorsque la puissance de vent est trop importante, mettant ainsi en danger les différents éléments de sa structure.Such a self-orienting wind turbine can however have the drawback of risking getting carried away when the wind power is too great, thus endangering the various elements of its structure.
Ce problème a déjà été abordé dans le cas d'éoliennes carénées non auto-orientables.This problem has already been addressed in the case of non-self-orientating faired wind turbines.
Pour résoudre celui-ci, il a été proposé d'adjoindre à l'éolienne un système de nature à faire pivoter l'intégralité de celle-ci, y compris le carénage en présence de vents violents.To resolve this, it has been proposed to add to the wind turbine a system capable of rotating the whole of it, including the fairing in the presence of strong winds.
Il s'agit cependant là d'un système à la fois lourd et coûteux.However, this is both a cumbersome and expensive system.
Une autre possibilité consisterait à prévoir des organes de freinage en aval des pales. Un tel système est toutefois difficile à mettre en œuvre dans la pratique.Another possibility would be to provide braking members downstream of the blades. However, such a system is difficult to implement in practice.
Selon une caractéristique préférentielle de l'invention, on a pu surmonter cette difficulté en adjoignant au moyeu de l'éolienne des organes permettant de modifier l'orientation des pales par rapport au vent. Les pales peuvent ainsi être « effacées » par rapport au vent en présence de vent violent.According to a preferred characteristic of the invention, this difficulty has been overcome by adding to the hub of the wind turbine members making it possible to modify the orientation of the blades relative to the wind. The blades can thus be "erased" from the wind in the presence of strong wind.
De tels organes qui permettent de disposer de pales à pas variable sont connus dans le domaine de l'aviation.Such members which make it possible to have blades with variable pitch are known in the field of aviation.
Leur adaptation à l'éolienne auto-orientable carénée conforme à l'invention permet à celle-ci de fonctionner de façon satisfaisante à de grandes vitesses de vent. La configuration particulièrement avantageuse de l'éolienne conforme à l'invention sera explicitée en se référant aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :Their adaptation to the shrouded self-orienting wind turbine according to the invention allows the latter to operate satisfactorily at high wind speeds. The particularly advantageous configuration of the wind turbine in accordance with the invention will be explained with reference to the appended drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une coupe schématique d'une eolienne conforme à l'invention par un plan vertical ;- Figure 1 is a schematic section of a wind turbine according to the invention by a vertical plane;
- la figure 2 est une coupe schématique d'une eolienne conforme à l'invention orientée face au vent V par le plan horizontal médian du carénage ;- Figure 2 is a schematic section of a wind turbine according to the invention oriented facing the wind V by the horizontal median plane of the fairing;
- la figure 3 est une coupe schématique correspondant à la figure 2, mais dans laquelle l'éolienne est orientée obliquement par rapport au vent V.- Figure 3 is a schematic section corresponding to Figure 2, but in which the wind turbine is oriented obliquely to the wind V.
Selon la figure 1 , l'éolienne est équipée d'un moyeu 10 d'axe horizontal xx' équipé de pales 1 1 ainsi que d'un alternateur 12 et d'un carénage circulaire divergent 1 monté concentriquement au moyeu 10 par l'intermédiaire de bras de support 13 et entourant les pales 11.According to Figure 1, the wind turbine is equipped with a hub 10 with a horizontal axis xx 'equipped with blades 1 1 as well as an alternator 12 and a divergent circular fairing 1 mounted concentrically with the hub 10 via of support arms 13 and surrounding the blades 11.
Cette eolienne est montée pivotante sur un mat vertical 2 schématisé par un cercle sur les figures 2 et 3 par l'intermédiaire d'un pivot 14.This wind turbine is pivotally mounted on a vertical mast 2 shown diagrammatically by a circle in FIGS. 2 and 3 by means of a pivot 14.
Le carénage 1 a un profil aérodynamique particulier défini par un bord d'attaque arrondi 3 suivi d'un extrados /intrados 4 et de bords de fuite divergents 5.The fairing 1 has a particular aerodynamic profile defined by a rounded leading edge 3 followed by an upper / lower surface 4 and diverging trailing edges 5.
Selon la figure 2, si l'on considère une section quelconque du carénage 1 par un plan radial, la corde interne C a une longueur relativement faible alors que le rayon moyen R correspond essentiellement à la longueur des pales 11.According to FIG. 2, if we consider any section of the fairing 1 by a radial plane, the internal cord C has a relatively short length whereas the mean radius R essentially corresponds to the length of the blades 11.
L'angle de la corde C et de l'axe x-x' du carénage 1 est de 5 à 30°.The angle of the cord C and the axis x-x 'of the fairing 1 is from 5 to 30 °.
Dans chaque plan radial, l'accélération du flux d'air à l'intérieur du carénage 1 crée une force Fr qui peut se décomposer en deux forces dont l'une est la portance élémentaire Fp tandis que l'autre est la traînée élémentaire Ft.In each radial plane, the acceleration of the air flow inside the fairing 1 creates a force Fr which can be broken down into two forces, one of which is the elementary lift Fp while the other is the elementary drag Ft .
L'ensemble des forces aérodynamiques Frtotal générées par le vent V peut se résumer en deux forces, à savoir une résultante Frd sur le côté droit du carénage 1 et une résultante Frg sur le côté gauche du ca- rénage 1.The set of aerodynamic forces Frtotal generated by the wind V can be summed up in two forces, namely a resultant Frd on the right side of the fairing 1 and a resultant Frg on the left side of the fairing 1.
Selon la figure 2 l'angle d'incidence du vent V sur la corde C droite est égal à l'angle d'incidence du vent sur la corde C gauche et donc la résultante Frd est égale à la résultante Frg. Le foyer Fc de ces deux forces se situe à une distance d de l'axe de rotation 2 de l'éolienne, en arrière de cet axe.According to FIG. 2 the angle of incidence of the wind V on the right chord C is equal to the angle of incidence of the wind on the left chord C and therefore the resultant Frd is equal to the resultant Frg. The focal point Fc of these two forces is located at a distance d from the axis of rotation 2 of the wind turbine, behind this axis.
L'éolienne est ainsi stable face au vent vu que la résultante Frtotal est orientée sur l'axe xx'. Selon la figure 3 si le vent V change de direction, ses angles d'incidence sur les cordes C droite et gauche deviennent différents.The wind turbine is thus stable against the wind since the resulting Frtotal is oriented on the axis xx '. According to FIG. 3 if the wind V changes direction, its angles of incidence on the cords C right and left become different.
Par suite, la résultante Frd n'est plus égale à la résultante Frg.Consequently, the resultant Frd is no longer equal to the resultant Frg.
En conséquence la résultante Frtotal crée au niveau du foyer Fc un couple qui a tendance à faire revenir le système à l'équilibre, c'est-à-dire face au vent.Consequently, the resultant Frtotal creates at the level of the hearth Fc a couple which tends to return the system to equilibrium, that is to say facing the wind.
Selon la figure 1 , une telle configuration permet donc, en fait, d'utiliser le carénage en tant que dérive de façon à permettre une auto-orientation de l'éolienne, face au vent. II est à noter que la distance d entre le foyer Fc et l'axe de rotation 2 de l'éolienne et par suite la position de cet axe de rotation jouent un rôle essentiel dans la dynamique temporelle du système : en effet, plus la distance d est grande, plus le temps de réponse aux variations de direction du vent est court. Différents facteurs doivent cependant être pris en considération lors du choix de la position de l'axe de rotation 2 de l'éolienne, en particulier :According to Figure 1, such a configuration therefore allows, in fact, to use the fairing as a drift so as to allow self-orientation of the wind turbine, facing the wind. It should be noted that the distance d between the focal point Fc and the axis of rotation 2 of the wind turbine and consequently the position of this axis of rotation play an essential role in the temporal dynamics of the system: in fact, the greater the distance d is large, the shorter the response time to variations in wind direction. Various factors must however be taken into account when choosing the position of the axis of rotation 2 of the wind turbine, in particular:
- le temps de réponse de l'auto-orientation à partir du seuil initial de production, - le couple aérodynamique à partir du seuil initial de production qui doit être supérieur au couple résistant de l'axe de rotation,- the self-orientation response time from the initial production threshold, - the aerodynamic torque from the initial production threshold which must be greater than the resistive torque of the axis of rotation,
- le couple du au poids de la machine ramenée sur l'axe de rotation vertical,- the torque due to the weight of the machine brought back on the vertical axis of rotation,
- les contraintes mécaniques sur la couronne d'orientation, - les contraintes financières et esthétiques. - the mechanical constraints on the slewing ring, - the financial and aesthetic constraints.

Claims

R E V E N D I C A T I O N S 1°) Eolienne montée pivotante autour d'un axe de rotation vertical (2) de façon à permettre son orientation face au vent (V) et comportant une hélice actionnée par le vent qui est équipée de pales (1 1) portées par un moyeu (10) d'axe horizontal, ainsi qu'un alternateur (12) coopérant avec l'hélice pour fournir de l'énergie électrique, et un carénage circulaire divergent (1) de longueur relativement faible monté concentriquement au moyeu (10) et entourant les pales (1 1), caractérisée en ce que l'axe de rotation (2) est situé en amont du foyer (Fc) des forces aérodynamiques résultantes (Frd, Frg) générées sur le carénage (1) par un vent axial (V), dans le sens de ce vent. 1 °) Wind turbine mounted pivoting around a vertical axis of rotation (2) so as to allow its orientation facing the wind (V) and comprising a propeller actuated by the wind which is equipped with blades (1 1) carried by a hub (10) with a horizontal axis, as well as an alternator (12) cooperating with the propeller to supply electrical energy, and a diverging circular fairing (1) of relatively short length mounted concentrically with the hub (10) and surrounding the blades (1 1), characterized in that the axis of rotation (2) is located upstream of the focal point (Fc) of the resulting aerodynamic forces (Frd, Frg) generated on the fairing (1) by an axial wind ( V), in the direction of this wind.
2°) Eolienne selon la revendication 1 , caractérisée en ce que le moyeu (10) est équipé d'organes permettant de modifier l'orientation des pales (1 1) par rapport au vent. 2) Wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the hub (10) is equipped with members making it possible to modify the orientation of the blades (1 1) relative to the wind.
EP04742616A 2003-04-30 2004-04-30 Self-adjustable shrouded wind turbine Withdrawn EP1618300A2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0305340A FR2857062A1 (en) 2003-04-30 2003-04-30 SELF-DIRECTING CARENEE WIND
PCT/FR2004/001050 WO2004099607A2 (en) 2003-04-30 2004-04-30 Self-adjustable shrouded wind turbine

Publications (1)

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EP1618300A2 true EP1618300A2 (en) 2006-01-25

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EP04742616A Withdrawn EP1618300A2 (en) 2003-04-30 2004-04-30 Self-adjustable shrouded wind turbine

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EP (1) EP1618300A2 (en)
CN (1) CN1780985A (en)
CA (1) CA2523420A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2857062A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004099607A2 (en)

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GB0428199D0 (en) * 2004-12-23 2005-01-26 Susgen Ltd SST Susgen subsea turbine
EP1854999A1 (en) * 2006-05-12 2007-11-14 Mass Metropolitan International AG Wind turbine and wind power installation
US8393850B2 (en) 2008-09-08 2013-03-12 Flodesign Wind Turbine Corp. Inflatable wind turbine
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US8714923B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2014-05-06 Ogin, Inc. Fluid turbine
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US8021100B2 (en) 2007-03-23 2011-09-20 Flodesign Wind Turbine Corporation Wind turbine with mixers and ejectors
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WO2013163425A1 (en) * 2012-04-25 2013-10-31 Flodesign Wind Turbine Corp. Down wind fluid turbine
CN106246459B (en) * 2016-09-28 2019-11-05 华中科技大学 A kind of wind energy conversion system ventilating duct

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2004099607A3 (en) 2005-01-20
CN1780985A (en) 2006-05-31
WO2004099607A2 (en) 2004-11-18
CA2523420A1 (en) 2004-11-18
FR2857062A1 (en) 2005-01-07

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