EP1806429B1 - Cold spray apparatus and method with modulated gasstream - Google Patents

Cold spray apparatus and method with modulated gasstream Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1806429B1
EP1806429B1 EP06000403A EP06000403A EP1806429B1 EP 1806429 B1 EP1806429 B1 EP 1806429B1 EP 06000403 A EP06000403 A EP 06000403A EP 06000403 A EP06000403 A EP 06000403A EP 1806429 B1 EP1806429 B1 EP 1806429B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cold
cold spraying
pressure
installation according
particle stream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP06000403A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1806429A1 (en
Inventor
Rene Jabado
Jens Dahl Dr. Jensen
Ursus Dr. Krüger
Daniel Körtvelyessy
Volkmar Dr. Lüthen
Ralph Reiche
Michael Rindler
Raymond Ullrich
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Siemens AG
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Siemens AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Priority to DE502006001063T priority Critical patent/DE502006001063D1/en
Priority to AT06000403T priority patent/ATE400674T1/en
Priority to EP06000403A priority patent/EP1806429B1/en
Priority to RU2007100423/05A priority patent/RU2426602C2/en
Priority to US11/651,730 priority patent/US7631816B2/en
Publication of EP1806429A1 publication Critical patent/EP1806429A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1806429B1 publication Critical patent/EP1806429B1/en
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
    • C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
    • C23C24/00—Coating starting from inorganic powder
    • C23C24/02—Coating starting from inorganic powder by application of pressure only
    • C23C24/04—Impact or kinetic deposition of particles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B1/00—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means
    • B05B1/02—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape
    • B05B1/08—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators
    • B05B1/083—Nozzles, spray heads or other outlets, with or without auxiliary devices such as valves, heating means designed to produce a jet, spray, or other discharge of particular shape or nature, e.g. in single drops, or having an outlet of particular shape of pulsating nature, e.g. delivering liquid in successive separate quantities ; Fluidic oscillators the pulsating mechanism comprising movable parts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/14—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas designed for spraying particulate materials
    • B05B7/1481—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material
    • B05B7/1486—Spray pistols or apparatus for discharging particulate material for spraying particulate material in dry state
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B7/00—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas
    • B05B7/16—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1606—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air
    • B05B7/1613—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/162—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed and heat being transferred from the atomising fluid to the material to be sprayed
    • B05B7/1626—Spraying apparatus for discharge of liquids or other fluent materials from two or more sources, e.g. of liquid and air, of powder and gas incorporating means for heating or cooling the material to be sprayed the spraying of the material involving the use of an atomising fluid, e.g. air comprising means for heating the atomising fluid before mixing with the material to be sprayed and heat being transferred from the atomising fluid to the material to be sprayed at the moment of mixing

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cold gas spraying plant and a cold gas spraying process.
  • the US 6,124,563 and the US Pat. No. 6,630,207 describe pulsed thermal spray processes.
  • the DE 103 19 481 A1 and the WO 2003/041868 A2 describe special spray nozzle designs for the cold gas spraying process.
  • the object is achieved by a cold gas spraying system according to claim 1 and a cold gas spraying method according to claim 29.
  • FIG. 1 shows a Kaltgasspritzstrom 1 'according to the prior art.
  • the powder for a coating 13 is applied through a nozzle 8 to a substrate 10, for example a component (turbine blade 120, 130, (FIG. Fig. 9 . 10 ), Combustion chamber wall 155 ( Fig. 11 ) or a housing part ( Fig. 9 ) of a turbine 100 ( Fig. 9 ), so that there forms a coating 13.
  • the powder comes from a powder container 16, wherein the pressure required for the cold gas spraying is generated by a high pressure gas generator 22, so that a cold gas particle stream 7 is generated by supplying the powder to the high pressure gas as the carrier gas in the nozzle 8. If necessary, the high-pressure gas can be heated by means of a heater 19.
  • the heater 19 may be integrated in the high-pressure gas generator.
  • Cold spraying means that temperatures up to a maximum of 80 ° C - 550 ° C, especially 400 ° C to 550 ° C are used.
  • the substrate temperature is 80 ° C to 100 ° C.
  • the speeds are at 300m / s to 2000m / s.
  • FIG. 2 1 shows a cold gas spraying installation 1 according to the invention.
  • the cold gas spraying installation 1 according to the invention has over the prior art ( Fig. 1 ) one or more influencing means 25, 26, 29, 32, 35, 36, the at least one property of the cold gas particle stream 7 (eg., Temperature T, pressure p, particle density p, particulate material M, velocity v, ...) changeable change (modulated).
  • This influencing of the properties of the cold gas particle stream 7 can take place periodically or aperiodically during a coating process.
  • periodic changes in coating times may be followed by aperiodic changes or vice versa.
  • Preferably, only a periodic change of the one or more properties takes place.
  • the influencing means may be, for example, a pulse heating means 25 which alternately, preferably pulsatingly, heats the high-pressure gas of the high-pressure gas generator and thus leads to a modulation of the cold gas particle stream 7.
  • the pulse heating means 25 may also be part of the heater 19.
  • a valve 32 as an influencing means in particular a perforated disc (chopper) 32 may be mounted in front of the nozzle inlet opening 8 '. Since this interrupts the cold gas particle stream 7 periodically or aperiodically, a pulsating cold gas particle stream 7 is generated in the direction of the substrate 10, which causes locally different particle densities p in the beam direction.
  • the valve 32 When the valve 32 is closed, the material accumulates in front of the nozzle 8 and it builds up a higher pressure, which relaxes after opening the valve again.
  • a modulated cold gas particle stream 7 can also be produced by adding the powder from the powder container 16 in changeable amounts per unit time, preferably pulsatingly, to the high-pressure gas. This can be done for example by particular piezoelectric injectors 35 as influencing means.
  • the cold gas particle stream 7 can be modulated by pressure generator 29 as an influencing means, preferably by piezoelectric pressure generator 29, which are arranged at the beginning of the Laval nozzle 8 or on the nozzle 8 and change the cross section of the Laval nozzle changeable.
  • the nozzle 8 may comprise a piezoelectric material or an inner piezoelectric coating which expand or contract by applying a voltage and thus change the cross section of the cold gas particle stream 7 and hence the particle density p, the pressure p and the velocity of the cold gas particle stream 7 change.
  • the cold gas particle stream 7 in the region of the nozzle 8 can be influenced by an acoustic wave coupling by means of a shaft coupler 26, in particular by an ultrasound generator, which rests on the nozzle 8. These prevent any adhesion of particles in the nozzle 8.
  • the high pressure gas can be controlled by a high pressure valve 36 as an influencing means.
  • the high-pressure valve 36 is integrated, for example, in the high-pressure gas generator or along a line 37, which leads the gas from the high-pressure gas generator 22 to the powder.
  • the influencing means 25, 26, 29, 32, 35, 36 can be used singly, paired or multiple and used.
  • the material M is supplied by the or the powder injectors 35 pulse-like the cold gas particle stream 7 and the velocity v of the cold gas particle stream 7 is modulated.
  • the influencing means 25, 32, 35, 36 can either be arranged only in front of the nozzle inlet opening 8 '( Fig. 7 ) or only after the nozzle inlet opening 8 '( Fig. 8 ).
  • the diameter ⁇ , the temperature T and / or the pressure p can be varied changeably to influence the cold gas particle stream 7.
  • the nozzle 8 can be heated to produce a constant temperature T of the cold gas particle stream 7 or to change the temperature T of the cold gas particle stream 7 changeable.
  • the entire cold gas spraying system 1 can be arranged in a vacuum chamber (not shown).
  • Cold spraying means that temperatures up to a maximum of 80 ° C - 550 ° C, especially 400 ° C to 550 ° C are used.
  • the substrate temperature is 80 ° C to 100 ° C.
  • the speeds are from 300m / s to 2000m / s, especially up to 900m / s.
  • FIG. 4 there are the powder injectors 35 and the pulse heating means 25 which are used together or separately.
  • FIG. 5 are compared to FIG. 4 nor the pressure generator 29 available that can be used individually, in pairs or together.
  • the properties of the cold gas particle stream 7 can be changed individually or together in a coating process, in particular if the change acts in the same direction, ie temperature increase and pressure increase.
  • the pulsed injection of powder particles may preferably be effected by a piezoelectric powder injector 35.
  • Particularly grain sizes smaller than 1 ⁇ m, preferably less than 500 nm (nanoparticles) may be sprayed with the modulated cold gas particle streams. 7
  • powder injectors 35 with different powder materials M can be used to achieve graded or multiple coatings.
  • metals, metal alloys, semimetals and compounds thereof as well as semiconductors, high-temperature superconductors, magnetic materials, glasses and / or ceramics can be sprayed.
  • FIG. 6 there are two powder containers 16, 16 'containing different materials for the particles.
  • the materials of the powder containers 16, 16 ' can be added simultaneously or only one powder container 16, 16' is active.
  • the particles have different particle sizes, it makes sense to change the velocity v of the cold gas particle stream, thus z. B. the same pulse at smaller, ie lighter particles is achieved.
  • two gas heaters and or two high-pressure gas generators can be used.
  • FIG. 9 shows by way of example a gas turbine 100 in a longitudinal partial section.
  • the gas turbine 100 has inside a rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 102 rotor 103 with a shaft 101, which is also referred to as a turbine runner.
  • a compressor 105 for example, a toroidal combustion chamber 110, in particular annular combustion chamber, with a plurality of coaxially arranged burners 107, a turbine 108 and the exhaust housing 109th
  • the annular combustion chamber 110 communicates with an annular annular hot gas channel 111, for example.
  • Each turbine stage 112 is formed, for example, from two blade rings.
  • a row 125 formed of rotor blades 120 follows.
  • the guide vanes 130 are fastened to an inner housing 138 of a stator 143, whereas the moving blades 120 of a row 125 are attached to the rotor 103 by means of a turbine disk 133, for example. Coupled to the rotor 103 is a generator or work machine (not shown).
  • air 105 is sucked in and compressed by the compressor 105 through the intake housing 104.
  • the compressed air provided at the turbine-side end of the compressor 105 is supplied to the burners 107 where it is mixed with a fuel.
  • the mixture is then burned to form the working fluid 113 in the combustion chamber 110.
  • the working medium 113 flows along the hot gas channel 111 past the guide vanes 130 and the rotor blades 120.
  • the working medium 113 expands in a pulse-transmitting manner so that the rotor blades 120 drive the rotor 103 and drive the machine coupled to it.
  • the components exposed to the hot working medium 113 are subject to thermal loads during operation of the gas turbine 100.
  • the guide vanes 130 and rotor blades 120 of the first turbine stage 112, viewed in the flow direction of the working medium 113, are subjected to the greatest thermal stress in addition to the heat shield elements lining the annular combustion chamber 110. To withstand the prevailing temperatures, they can be cooled by means of a coolant.
  • substrates of the components can have a directional structure, ie they are monocrystalline (SX structure) or have only longitudinal grains (DS structure).
  • SX structure monocrystalline
  • DS structure only longitudinal grains
  • As a material for the components, in particular for the turbine blade 120, 130 and components of the combustion chamber 110 are For example, iron, nickel or cobalt-based superalloys used.
  • Such superalloys are for example from EP 1 204 776 B1 .
  • EP 1 306 454 .
  • the vane 130 has a guide vane foot (not shown here) facing the inner housing 138 of the turbine 108 and a vane head opposite the vane foot.
  • the vane head faces the rotor 103 and fixed to a mounting ring 140 of the stator 143.
  • FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a blade 120 or guide vane 130 of a turbomachine, which extends along a longitudinal axis 121.
  • the turbomachine may be a gas turbine of an aircraft or a power plant for power generation, a steam turbine or a compressor.
  • the blade 120, 130 has along the longitudinal axis 121 consecutively a fastening region 400, a blade platform 403 adjacent thereto and an airfoil 406 and a blade tip 415.
  • the blade 130 may have at its blade tip 415 another platform (not shown).
  • a blade root 183 is formed, which serves for attachment of the blades 120, 130 to a shaft or a disc (not shown).
  • the blade root 183 is designed, for example, as a hammer head. Other designs as Christmas tree or Schwalbenschwanzfuß are possible.
  • the blade 120, 130 has a leading edge 409 and a trailing edge 412 for a medium flowing past the airfoil 406.
  • blades 120, 130 for example, solid metallic materials, in particular superalloys, are used in all regions 400, 403, 406 of the blade 120, 130.
  • Such superalloys are for example from EP 1 204 776 B1 .
  • EP 1 306 454 .
  • the blade 120, 130 can be made by a casting process, also by directional solidification, by a forging process, by a milling process or combinations thereof.
  • the term generally refers to directionally solidified microstructures, which means both single crystals that have no grain boundaries or at most small angle grain boundaries, and stem crystal structures that have probably longitudinal grain boundaries but no transverse grain boundaries. These second-mentioned crystalline structures are also known as directionally solidified structures. Such methods are known from U.S. Patent 6,024,792 and the EP 0 892 090 A1 known; these writings are part of the revelation regarding the solidification process.
  • the blades 120, 130 may have coatings against corrosion or oxidation, e.g. M is at least one element of the group iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), X is an active element and stands for yttrium (Y) and / or silicon and / or at least one element of the rare ones Earth, or hafnium (Hf)).
  • M is at least one element of the group iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni)
  • X is an active element and stands for yttrium (Y) and / or silicon and / or at least one element of the rare ones Earth, or hafnium (Hf)).
  • Such alloys are known from the EP 0 486 489 B1 .
  • the density is preferably 95% of the theoretical density.
  • thermal barrier coating which is preferably the outermost layer, and consists for example of ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 , ie it is not, partially or completely stabilized by yttria and / or calcium oxide and / or magnesium oxide.
  • the thermal barrier coating covers the entire MCrA1X layer.
  • suitable coating processes such as electron beam evaporation (EB-PVD)
  • stalk-shaped grains are produced in the thermal barrier coating.
  • Other coating methods are conceivable, for example atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), LPPS, VPS or CVD.
  • the thermal barrier coating may have porous, micro- or macro-cracked grains for better thermal shock resistance.
  • the thermal barrier coating is therefore preferably more porous than the MCrAlX layer.
  • the blade 120, 130 may be hollow or solid. If the blade 120, 130 is to be cooled, it is hollow and may still film cooling holes 418 (indicated by dashed lines) on.
  • the FIG. 11 shows a combustion chamber 110 of the gas turbine 100.
  • the combustion chamber 110 is configured, for example, as a so-called annular combustion chamber, in which a plurality of circumferentially arranged around a rotation axis 102 around burners 107 open into a common combustion chamber space 154, the flames 156 produce.
  • the combustion chamber 110 is configured in its entirety as an annular structure, which is positioned around the axis of rotation 102 around.
  • the combustion chamber 110 is designed for a comparatively high temperature of the working medium M of about 1000 ° C to 1600 ° C.
  • the combustion chamber wall 153 is provided on its side facing the working medium M side with an inner lining formed from heat shield elements 155.
  • the heat shield elements 155 are then, for example, hollow and possibly still have cooling holes (not shown) which open into the combustion chamber space 154.
  • Each heat shield element 155 made of an alloy is working medium side with a particularly heat-resistant protective layer (MCrA1X layer and / or ceramic coating) or is made of high temperature resistant material (solid ceramic stones).
  • M is at least one element of the group iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), X is an active element and stands for yttrium (Y) and / or silicon and / or at least one element of the rare earths, or hafnium (Hf).
  • MCrA1X means: M is at least one element of the group iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), X is an active element and stands for yttrium (Y) and / or silicon and / or at least one element of the rare earths, or hafnium (Hf).
  • Such alloys are known from the EP 0 486 489 B1 .
  • EP 0 412 397 B1 or EP 1 306 454 A1
  • a ceramic thermal barrier coating consists for example of ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 , ie it is not, partially or completely stabilized by yttria and / or calcium oxide and / or magnesium oxide.
  • suitable coating processes such as electron beam evaporation (EB-PVD)
  • stalk-shaped grains are produced in the thermal barrier coating.
  • suitable coating methods are conceivable, for example atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), LPPS, VPS or CVD.
  • the thermal barrier coating may have porous, micro- or macro-cracked grains for better thermal shock resistance.
  • Refurbishment means that turbine blades 120, 130, heat shield elements 155 may need to be deprotected (e.g., by sandblasting) after use. This is followed by removal of the corrosion and / or oxidation layers or products. Optionally, cracks in the turbine blade 120, 130 or the heat shield element 155 are also repaired. This is followed by a re-coating of the turbine blades 120, 130, heat shield elements 155 and a renewed use of the turbine blades 120, 130 or the heat shield elements 155.

Abstract

The cold gas spray apparatus (1) has a high pressure gas generator (22) for the production of a high pressure gases and a nozzle (8) from which a cold gas particle stream (7) is emitted. An influencing medium (25,26,29,32,35,36) is provided. The cold gas particle stream is guided for variable modification of the characteristics temperature, pressure, particle density, particle material and velocity. A property of the cold gas particle stream is periodically modifiable by influencing medium. An independent claim is also included for a cold gas spraying method by the cold gas spray apparatus.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Kaltgasspritzanlage und ein Kaltgasspritzverfahren.The invention relates to a cold gas spraying plant and a cold gas spraying process.

Aus dem Stand der Technik sind verschiedene Verfahren zur Herstellung von Schichten bekannt, die auf Bauteile aufgebracht und bei hohen Temperaturen eingesetzt werden. Dies sind Verdampfungsverfahren, wie z. B. PVD oder CVD oder thermische Spritzverfahren (Plasmaspritzen, HVOF: EP 0 924 315 B1 ).
Ein anderes Beschichtungsverfahren stellt das Kaltgasspritzverfahren dar, das aus den Patenten WO 2005/061116 , US 5,302,414 , US 2004/0037954 A1 , EP 1 132 497 A1 sowie US 6,502,767 bekannt ist.
Beim Kaltgasspritzen kommen pulverförmige Werkstoffe zum Einsatz, die Korngrößen von größer 5µm, idealerweise zwischen 20 und 40µm aufweisen. Aus kinetisch energetischen Gründen ist das Verspritzen von nanopartikulären Werkstoffen um nanostrukturierte Beschichtungen zu erzielen bisher nicht möglich.Various methods for the production of layers which are applied to components and used at high temperatures are known from the prior art. These are evaporation methods, such as. B. PVD or CVD or thermal spraying (plasma spraying, HVOF: EP 0 924 315 B1 ).
Another coating method is the cold gas spraying, which is the patents WO 2005/061116 . US 5,302,414 . US 2004/0037954 A1 . EP 1 132 497 A1 such as US 6,502,767 is known.
In cold gas spraying, powdered materials are used which have particle sizes of greater than 5 μm , ideally between 20 and 40 μm . For kinetic energetic reasons, the spraying of nanoparticulate materials to achieve nanostructured coatings has not been possible so far.

Die US 6,124,563 und die US 6, 630,207 beschreiben gepulste thermische Sprühverfahren.
Die DE 103 19 481 A1 und die WO 2003/041868 A2 beschreiben spezielle Sprühdüsenkonstruktionen für das Kaltgasspritzverfahren.The US 6,124,563 and the US Pat. No. 6,630,207 describe pulsed thermal spray processes.
The DE 103 19 481 A1 and the WO 2003/041868 A2 describe special spray nozzle designs for the cold gas spraying process.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, das Kaltgasspritzverfahren zu verbessern, insbesondere so, dass auch nanokristalline Pulver verspritzt werden können.It is therefore an object of the invention to improve the cold spray process, in particular so that nanocrystalline powder can be sprayed.

Die Aufgabe wird gelöst durch eine Kaltgasspritzanlage gemäß Anspruch 1 und ein Kaltgasspritzverfahren gemäß Anspruch 29.The object is achieved by a cold gas spraying system according to claim 1 and a cold gas spraying method according to claim 29.

Die in den Unteransprüchen aufgelisteten Maßnahmen können beliebig in vorteilhafter Art und Weise beliebig miteinander kombiniert werden.The measures listed in the dependent claims can be arbitrarily combined with each other in an advantageous manner.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der Figuren näher und beispielhaft erläutert.The invention will be explained in more detail and by way of example with reference to the figures.

Es zeigenShow it

Figur 1FIG. 1
eine Kaltgasspritzanlage nach dem Stand der Technik,a cold gas spraying system according to the prior art,
Figur 2 - 8Figure 2-8
eine erfindungsgemäß ausgestaltete Kaltgasspritzanlage,an inventively designed cold gas spraying system,
Figur 9FIG. 9
eine Gasturbine,a gas turbine,
Figur 10FIG. 10
eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Turbinenschaufel unda perspective view of a turbine blade and
Figur 11FIG. 11
eine Brennkammer.a combustion chamber.

Figur 1 zeigt eine Kaltgasspritzanlage 1' nach dem Stand der Technik.
Das Pulver für eine Beschichtung 13 wird durch eine Düse 8 auf ein Substrat 10, beispielsweise ein Bauteil (Turbinenschaufel 120, 130, (Fig. 9, 10), Brennkammerwand 155 (Fig. 11) oder ein Gehäuseteil (Fig. 9) einer Turbine 100 (Fig. 9) zugeführt, sodass sich dort eine Beschichtung 13 bildet. Das Pulver kommt aus einem Pulverbehälter 16, wobei der für das Kaltgasspritzen notwendige Druck durch einen Hochdruckgaserzeuger 22 erzeugt wird, so dass ein Kaltgaspartikelstrom 7 erzeugt wird, indem das Pulver dem Hochdruckgas als Trägergas in der Düse 8 zugeführt wird. Das Hochdruckgas kann ggf. mittels eines Heizers 19 erhitzt werden. Der Heizer 19 kann im Hochdruckgaserzeuger integriert sein.
Kaltspritzen bedeutet, dass Temperaturen bis maximal 80°C - 550°C, insbesondere 400°C bis 550°C verwendet werden. Die Substrattemperatur liegt bei 80°C bis 100°C. Die Geschwindigkeiten liegen bei 300m/s bis 2000m/s. FIG. 1 shows a Kaltgasspritzanlage 1 'according to the prior art.
The powder for a coating 13 is applied through a nozzle 8 to a substrate 10, for example a component (turbine blade 120, 130, (FIG. Fig. 9 . 10 ), Combustion chamber wall 155 ( Fig. 11 ) or a housing part ( Fig. 9 ) of a turbine 100 ( Fig. 9 ), so that there forms a coating 13. The powder comes from a powder container 16, wherein the pressure required for the cold gas spraying is generated by a high pressure gas generator 22, so that a cold gas particle stream 7 is generated by supplying the powder to the high pressure gas as the carrier gas in the nozzle 8. If necessary, the high-pressure gas can be heated by means of a heater 19. The heater 19 may be integrated in the high-pressure gas generator.
Cold spraying means that temperatures up to a maximum of 80 ° C - 550 ° C, especially 400 ° C to 550 ° C are used. The substrate temperature is 80 ° C to 100 ° C. The speeds are at 300m / s to 2000m / s.

Figur 2 zeigt eine erfindungsgemäße Kaltgasspritzanlage 1. Die erfindungsgemäße Kaltgasspritzanlage 1 weist gegenüber dem Stand der Technik (Fig. 1) ein oder mehrere Beeinflussungsmittel 25, 26, 29, 32, 35, 36 auf, die zumindest eine Eigenschaft des Kaltgaspartikelstroms 7 (z. B. Temperatur T, Druck p, Partikeldichte p, Partikelmaterial M, Geschwindigkeit v, ...) wechselhaft verändern (moduliert).
Diese Beeinflussung der Eigenschaften des Kaltgaspartikelstroms 7 kann periodisch oder aperiodisch während eines Beschichtungsvorgangs erfolgen. Ebenso kann während eines Beschichtungsvorgangs auf Beschichtungszeiten mit periodischen Änderungen aperiodische Änderungen folgen oder umgekehrt. Vorzugsweise erfolgt nur eine periodische Änderung des oder der Eigenschaften. FIG. 2 1 shows a cold gas spraying installation 1 according to the invention. The cold gas spraying installation 1 according to the invention has over the prior art ( Fig. 1 ) one or more influencing means 25, 26, 29, 32, 35, 36, the at least one property of the cold gas particle stream 7 (eg., Temperature T, pressure p, particle density p, particulate material M, velocity v, ...) changeable change (modulated).
This influencing of the properties of the cold gas particle stream 7 can take place periodically or aperiodically during a coating process. Similarly, during a coating process, periodic changes in coating times may be followed by aperiodic changes or vice versa. Preferably, only a periodic change of the one or more properties takes place.

Das Beeinflussungsmittel kann zum Beispiel ein Pulsheizmittel 25 sein, das das Hochdruckgas des Hochdruckgaserzeugers wechselhaft, vorzugsweise pulsierend erhitzt und so zu einer Modulation des Kaltgaspartikelstroms 7 führt. Das Pulsheizmittel 25 kann auch Teil des Heizers 19 sein.The influencing means may be, for example, a pulse heating means 25 which alternately, preferably pulsatingly, heats the high-pressure gas of the high-pressure gas generator and thus leads to a modulation of the cold gas particle stream 7. The pulse heating means 25 may also be part of the heater 19.

Ebenso kann ein Ventil 32 als Beeinflussungsmittel, insbesondere eine gelochte Scheibe (Chopper) 32 vor der Düseeintrittsöffnung 8' angebracht sein. Da diese den Kaltgaspartikelstrom 7 periodisch oder aperiodisch unterbricht, wird ein pulsierender Kaltgaspartikelstrom 7 in Richtung des Substrats 10 erzeugt, der lokal unterschiedliche Partikeldichten p in Strahlrichtung bewirkt. Wenn das Ventil 32 verschlossen ist, staut sich das Material vor der Düse 8 und es baut sich ein höherer Druck auf, der sich nach dem Öffnen des Ventils wieder entspannt.Likewise, a valve 32 as an influencing means, in particular a perforated disc (chopper) 32 may be mounted in front of the nozzle inlet opening 8 '. Since this interrupts the cold gas particle stream 7 periodically or aperiodically, a pulsating cold gas particle stream 7 is generated in the direction of the substrate 10, which causes locally different particle densities p in the beam direction. When the valve 32 is closed, the material accumulates in front of the nozzle 8 and it builds up a higher pressure, which relaxes after opening the valve again.

Ein modulierter Kaltgaspartikelstrom 7 kann auch dadurch erzeugt werden, dass aus dem Pulverbehälter 16 das Pulver in wechselhaft veränderten Mengen pro Zeiteinheit, vorzugsweise pulsierend dem Hochdruckgas hinzugefügt wird. Dies kann beispielsweise durch insbesondere piezoelektrische Injektoren 35 als Beeinflussungsmittel erfolgen.A modulated cold gas particle stream 7 can also be produced by adding the powder from the powder container 16 in changeable amounts per unit time, preferably pulsatingly, to the high-pressure gas. This can be done for example by particular piezoelectric injectors 35 as influencing means.

Ebenso kann der Kaltgaspartikelstrom 7 durch Druckerzeuger 29 als Beeinflussungsmittel, vorzugsweise durch piezoelektrische Druckerzeuger 29 moduliert werden, die am Anfang der Lavaldüse 8 oder auf der Düse 8 angeordnet sind und die den Querschnitt der Lavaldüse wechselhaft verändern.
So kann die Düse 8 ein piezoelektrisches Material oder eine innere piezoelektrische Beschichtung aufweisen, das oder durch die durch Anlegen einer Spannung sich ausdehnen oder sich zusammenziehen und so den Querschnitt des Kaltgaspartikelstroms 7 verändern und damit die Partikeldichte p, den Druck p und die Geschwindigkeit des Kaltgaspartikelstroms 7 verändern.Likewise, the cold gas particle stream 7 can be modulated by pressure generator 29 as an influencing means, preferably by piezoelectric pressure generator 29, which are arranged at the beginning of the Laval nozzle 8 or on the nozzle 8 and change the cross section of the Laval nozzle changeable.
Thus, the nozzle 8 may comprise a piezoelectric material or an inner piezoelectric coating which expand or contract by applying a voltage and thus change the cross section of the cold gas particle stream 7 and hence the particle density p, the pressure p and the velocity of the cold gas particle stream 7 change.

Ebenso kann der Kaltgaspartikelstrom 7 im Bereich der Düse 8 durch eine akustische Welleneinkopplung mittels eines Welleneinkopplers 26, insbesondere durch einen Ultraschallgeber beeinflusst werden, der auf der Düse 8 aufliegt. Diese verhindern von allem ein Anhaften von Partikeln in der Düse 8.Likewise, the cold gas particle stream 7 in the region of the nozzle 8 can be influenced by an acoustic wave coupling by means of a shaft coupler 26, in particular by an ultrasound generator, which rests on the nozzle 8. These prevent any adhesion of particles in the nozzle 8.

Auch kann das Hochdruckgas durch ein Hochdruckventil 36 als Beeinflussungsmittel gesteuert werden. Das Hochdruckventil 36 ist bspw. im Hochdruckgaserzeuger integriert oder entlang einer Leitung 37 vorhanden, die das Gas aus dem Hochdruckgaserzeuger 22 zu dem Pulver führt.Also, the high pressure gas can be controlled by a high pressure valve 36 as an influencing means. The high-pressure valve 36 is integrated, for example, in the high-pressure gas generator or along a line 37, which leads the gas from the high-pressure gas generator 22 to the powder.

Die Beeinflussungsmittel 25, 26, 29, 32, 35, 36 können einzeln, gepaart oder mehrfach vorhanden sein und zum Einsatz kommen.The influencing means 25, 26, 29, 32, 35, 36 can be used singly, paired or multiple and used.

Vorzugsweise wird das Material M durch den oder die Pulverinjektoren 35 pulsartig dem Kaltgaspartikelstrom 7 zugeführt und die Geschwindigkeit v des Kaltgaspartikelstroms 7 wird moduliert.Preferably, the material M is supplied by the or the powder injectors 35 pulse-like the cold gas particle stream 7 and the velocity v of the cold gas particle stream 7 is modulated.

Das Mischen des Hochdruckgases, das aus dem Hochdruckgaserzeuger 22 stammt und des Pulvers, das aus dem Pulverbehälter 16 gelangt, kann vor der Düseneintrittsöffnung 8' in einer Kammer 4 erfolgen (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Ebenso ist es möglich, den Hochdruckgasstrom und die Partikel erst in der Düse 8 miteinander zu vermischen (nicht dargestellt).The mixing of the high-pressure gas, which originates from the high-pressure gas generator 22 and the powder, which passes from the powder container 16, in front of the nozzle inlet opening 8 'in a Chamber 4 ( Fig. 1, Fig. 2 ). It is likewise possible to mix the high-pressure gas stream and the particles only in the nozzle 8 (not shown).

Die Beeinflussungsmittel 25, 32, 35, 36 können entweder nur vor der Düseneintrittsöffnung 8' angeordnet sein (Fig. 7) oder nur nach der Düseneintrittsöffnung 8' angeordnet sein (Fig. 8).The influencing means 25, 32, 35, 36 can either be arranged only in front of the nozzle inlet opening 8 '( Fig. 7 ) or only after the nozzle inlet opening 8 '( Fig. 8 ).

Insbesondere kann bei der Düse 8 der Durchmesser Φ, die Temperatur T und/oder der Druck p wechselhaft verändert werden, um den Kaltgaspartikelstrom 7 zu beeinflussen.In particular, in the nozzle 8, the diameter Φ, the temperature T and / or the pressure p can be varied changeably to influence the cold gas particle stream 7.

Ebenso kann die Düse 8 beheizt werden, um eine konstante Temperatur T des Kaltgaspartikelstroms 7 zu erzeugen oder die Temperatur T des Kaltgaspartikelstroms 7 wechselhaft zu verändern.Likewise, the nozzle 8 can be heated to produce a constant temperature T of the cold gas particle stream 7 or to change the temperature T of the cold gas particle stream 7 changeable.

Die gesamte Kaltgasspritzanlage 1 kann in einer Vakuumkammer (nicht dargestellt) angeordnet sein.The entire cold gas spraying system 1 can be arranged in a vacuum chamber (not shown).

Kaltspritzen bedeutet, dass Temperaturen bis maximal 80°C - 550°C, insbesondere 400°C bis 550°C verwendet werden. Die Substrattemperatur liegt bei 80°C bis 100°C.
Die Geschwindigkeiten liegen bei 300m/s bis 2000m/s, insbesondere bis 900m/s.Cold spraying means that temperatures up to a maximum of 80 ° C - 550 ° C, especially 400 ° C to 550 ° C are used. The substrate temperature is 80 ° C to 100 ° C.
The speeds are from 300m / s to 2000m / s, especially up to 900m / s.

In Figur 3 ist nur ein Pulverinjektor 35 vorhanden.In FIG. 3 If only one Pulverinjektor 35 is present.

In Figur 4 sind die Pulverinjektoren 35 und die Pulsheizmittel 25 vorhanden, die zusammen oder getrennt voneinander verwendet werden.In FIG. 4 there are the powder injectors 35 and the pulse heating means 25 which are used together or separately.

In Figur 5 sind im Vergleich zur Figur 4 noch die Druckerzeuger 29 vorhanden, die einzeln, zu zweit oder zusammen verwendet werden können.In FIG. 5 are compared to FIG. 4 nor the pressure generator 29 available that can be used individually, in pairs or together.

Die Eigenschaften des Kaltgaspartikelstroms 7 können bei einem Beschichtungsvorgang einzeln oder zusammen verändert werden, insbesondere wenn die Veränderung in die gleiche Richtung wirkt, also Temperaturerhöhung und Druckerhöhung.The properties of the cold gas particle stream 7 can be changed individually or together in a coating process, in particular if the change acts in the same direction, ie temperature increase and pressure increase.

Durch Temperaturerhöhung, Druckmodulation oder Querschnittsverengung der Düse 8 des Kaltgaspartikelstroms 7 werden höhere Partikelgeschwindigkeiten erreicht und damit ein besseres Beschichtungsergebnis erzielt.By increasing the temperature, pressure modulation or cross-sectional constriction of the nozzle 8 of the cold gas particle stream 7 higher particle velocities are achieved, thus achieving a better coating result.

Zur Erzeugung eines gepulsten Kaltgaspartikelstromes 7 sind also verschiedene Verfahren denkbar:

  • Ventil 32 vor der Düse 8 oder rotierende gelochte Scheibe im Gasstrom vor der Düse 8,
  • periodische Verengung des Querschnitts der Düse 8, vorzugsweise durch piezoelektrische Keramiken bzw. Materialien,
  • pulsierende Gaserhitzung,
  • Beeinflussung der Trägergasgeschwindigkeit durch akustische Welleneinkopplung.
For generating a pulsed cold gas particle stream 7, therefore, different methods are conceivable:
  • Valve 32 in front of the nozzle 8 or rotating perforated disc in the gas flow in front of the nozzle 8,
  • periodic constriction of the cross section of the nozzle 8, preferably by piezoelectric ceramics or materials,
  • pulsating gas heating,
  • Influence of the carrier gas velocity by acoustic wave coupling.

Die pulsierende Injektion von Pulverteilchen kann vorzugsweise durch einen piezoelektrischen Pulverinjektor 35 erfolgen.
Besonders Korngrößen kleiner 1µm, vorzugsweise kleiner 500nm (Nanopartikel) können mit den modulierten Kaltgaspartikelströmen 7 verspritzt werden.The pulsed injection of powder particles may preferably be effected by a piezoelectric powder injector 35.
Particularly grain sizes smaller than 1 μ m, preferably less than 500 nm (nanoparticles) may be sprayed with the modulated cold gas particle streams. 7

Ebenso können mehrere Pulverinjektoren 35 mit verschiedenen Pulvermaterialien M eingesetzt werden, um gradierte oder Vielfachbeschichtungen zu erzielen.Likewise, several powder injectors 35 with different powder materials M can be used to achieve graded or multiple coatings.

Bezüglich der Materialauswahl sind keine Einschränkungen gegeben, sodass also Metalle, Metalllegierungen, Halbmetalle sowie Verbindungen hiervon (Karbide, Nitride, Oxide, Sulfide, Phosphate etc.) sowie Halbleiter, Hochtemperatursupraleiter, Magnetwerkstoffe, Gläser und/oder Keramiken verspritzt werden können.With regard to the selection of materials, there are no restrictions, so that metals, metal alloys, semimetals and compounds thereof (carbides, nitrides, oxides, sulfides, phosphates, etc.) as well as semiconductors, high-temperature superconductors, magnetic materials, glasses and / or ceramics can be sprayed.

In Figur 6 sind zwei Pulverbehälter 16, 16' enthalten, die verschiedene Materialien für die Partikel enthalten.
Die Materialien der Pulverbehälter 16, 16' können gleichzeitig hinzugefügt werden oder nur ein Pulverbehälter 16, 16' ist aktiv.
Insbesondere wenn die Partikel verschiedene Partikelgrößen aufweisen ist es sinnvoll, die Geschwindigkeit v des Kaltgaspartikelstroms zu verändern, damit z. B. der gleiche Impuls bei kleineren, d. h. leichteren Partikeln erreicht wird.
Hier können auch zwei Gasheizer und oder zwei Hochdruckgaserzeuger verwendet werden.In FIG. 6 there are two powder containers 16, 16 'containing different materials for the particles.
The materials of the powder containers 16, 16 'can be added simultaneously or only one powder container 16, 16' is active.
In particular, if the particles have different particle sizes, it makes sense to change the velocity v of the cold gas particle stream, thus z. B. the same pulse at smaller, ie lighter particles is achieved.
Here also two gas heaters and or two high-pressure gas generators can be used.

Die Figur 9 zeigt beispielhaft eine Gasturbine 100 in einem Längsteilschnitt.
Die Gasturbine 100 weist im Inneren einen um eine Rotationsachse 102 drehgelagerten Rotor 103 mit einer Welle 101 auf, der auch als Turbinenläufer bezeichnet wird.
Entlang des Rotors 103 folgen aufeinander ein Ansauggehäuse 104, ein Verdichter 105, eine beispielsweise torusartige Brennkammer 110, insbesondere Ringbrennkammer, mit mehreren koaxial angeordneten Brennern 107, eine Turbine 108 und das Abgasgehäuse 109.
Die Ringbrennkammer 110 kommuniziert mit einem beispielsweise ringförmigen Heißgaskanal 111. Dort bilden beispielsweise vier hintereinander geschaltete Turbinenstufen 112 die Turbine 108.
Jede Turbinenstufe 112 ist beispielsweise aus zwei Schaufelringen gebildet. In Strömungsrichtung eines Arbeitsmediums 113 gesehen folgt im Heißgaskanal 111 einer Leitschaufelreihe 115 eine aus Laufschaufeln 120 gebildete Reihe 125.The FIG. 9 shows by way of example a gas turbine 100 in a longitudinal partial section.
The gas turbine 100 has inside a rotatably mounted about a rotation axis 102 rotor 103 with a shaft 101, which is also referred to as a turbine runner.
Along the rotor 103 follow one another an intake housing 104, a compressor 105, for example, a toroidal combustion chamber 110, in particular annular combustion chamber, with a plurality of coaxially arranged burners 107, a turbine 108 and the exhaust housing 109th
The annular combustion chamber 110 communicates with an annular annular hot gas channel 111, for example. There, for example, four turbine stages 112 connected in series form the turbine 108.
Each turbine stage 112 is formed, for example, from two blade rings. In the flow direction of a working medium As can be seen in the hot gas duct 111 of a guide blade row 115, a row 125 formed of rotor blades 120 follows.

Die Leitschaufeln 130 sind dabei an einem Innengehäuse 138 eines Stators 143 befestigt, wohingegen die Laufschaufeln 120 einer Reihe 125 beispielsweise mittels einer Turbinenscheibe 133 am Rotor 103 angebracht sind.
An dem Rotor 103 angekoppelt ist ein Generator oder eine Arbeitsmaschine (nicht dargestellt).The guide vanes 130 are fastened to an inner housing 138 of a stator 143, whereas the moving blades 120 of a row 125 are attached to the rotor 103 by means of a turbine disk 133, for example.
Coupled to the rotor 103 is a generator or work machine (not shown).

Während des Betriebes der Gasturbine 100 wird vom Verdichter 105 durch das Ansauggehäuse 104 Luft 135 angesaugt und verdichtet. Die am turbinenseitigen Ende des Verdichters 105 bereitgestellte verdichtete Luft wird zu den Brennern 107 geführt und dort mit einem Brennmittel vermischt. Das Gemisch wird dann unter Bildung des Arbeitsmediums 113 in der Brennkammer 110 verbrannt. Von dort aus strömt das Arbeitsmedium 113 entlang des Heißgaskanals 111 vorbei an den Leitschaufeln 130 und den Laufschaufeln 120. An den Laufschaufeln 120 entspannt sich das Arbeitsmedium 113 impulsübertragend, so dass die Laufschaufeln 120 den Rotor 103 antreiben und dieser die an ihn angekoppelte Arbeitsmaschine.During operation of the gas turbine 100, air 105 is sucked in and compressed by the compressor 105 through the intake housing 104. The compressed air provided at the turbine-side end of the compressor 105 is supplied to the burners 107 where it is mixed with a fuel. The mixture is then burned to form the working fluid 113 in the combustion chamber 110. From there, the working medium 113 flows along the hot gas channel 111 past the guide vanes 130 and the rotor blades 120. On the rotor blades 120, the working medium 113 expands in a pulse-transmitting manner so that the rotor blades 120 drive the rotor 103 and drive the machine coupled to it.

Die dem heißen Arbeitsmedium 113 ausgesetzten Bauteile unterliegen während des Betriebes der Gasturbine 100 thermischen Belastungen. Die Leitschaufeln 130 und Laufschaufeln 120 der in Strömungsrichtung des Arbeitsmediums 113 gesehen ersten Turbinenstufe 112 werden neben den die Ringbrennkammer 110 auskleidenden Hitzeschildelementen am meisten thermisch belastet.
Um den dort herrschenden Temperaturen standzuhalten, können diese mittels eines Kühlmittels gekühlt werden.
Ebenso können Substrate der Bauteile eine gerichtete Struktur aufweisen, d.h. sie sind einkristallin (SX-Struktur) oder weisen nur längsgerichtete Körner auf (DS-Struktur).
Als Material für die Bauteile, insbesondere für die Turbinenschaufel 120, 130 und Bauteile der Brennkammer 110 werden beispielsweise eisen-, nickel- oder kobaltbasierte Superlegierungen verwendet.
Solche Superlegierungen sind beispielsweise aus der EP 1 204 776 B1 , EP 1 306 454 , EP 1 319 729 A1 , WO 99/67435 oder WO 00/44949 bekannt; diese Schriften sind bzgl. der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Legierungen Teil der Offenbarung.The components exposed to the hot working medium 113 are subject to thermal loads during operation of the gas turbine 100. The guide vanes 130 and rotor blades 120 of the first turbine stage 112, viewed in the flow direction of the working medium 113, are subjected to the greatest thermal stress in addition to the heat shield elements lining the annular combustion chamber 110.
To withstand the prevailing temperatures, they can be cooled by means of a coolant.
Likewise, substrates of the components can have a directional structure, ie they are monocrystalline (SX structure) or have only longitudinal grains (DS structure).
As a material for the components, in particular for the turbine blade 120, 130 and components of the combustion chamber 110 are For example, iron, nickel or cobalt-based superalloys used.
Such superalloys are for example from EP 1 204 776 B1 . EP 1 306 454 . EP 1 319 729 A1 . WO 99/67435 or WO 00/44949 known; These documents are part of the disclosure regarding the chemical composition of the alloys.

Die Leitschaufel 130 weist einen dem Innengehäuse 138 der Turbine 108 zugewandten Leitschaufelfuß (hier nicht dargestellt) und einen dem Leitschaufelfuß gegenüberliegenden Leitschaufelkopf auf. Der Leitschaufelkopf ist dem Rotor 103 zugewandt und an einem Befestigungsring 140 des Stators 143 festgelegt.The vane 130 has a guide vane foot (not shown here) facing the inner housing 138 of the turbine 108 and a vane head opposite the vane foot. The vane head faces the rotor 103 and fixed to a mounting ring 140 of the stator 143.

Die Figur 10 zeigt in perspektivischer Ansicht eine Laufschaufel 120 oder Leitschaufel 130 einer Strömungsmaschine, die sich entlang einer Längsachse 121 erstreckt.The FIG. 10 shows a perspective view of a blade 120 or guide vane 130 of a turbomachine, which extends along a longitudinal axis 121.

Die Strömungsmaschine kann eine Gasturbine eines Flugzeugs oder eines Kraftwerks zur Elektrizitätserzeugung, eine Dampfturbine oder ein Kompressor sein.The turbomachine may be a gas turbine of an aircraft or a power plant for power generation, a steam turbine or a compressor.

Die Schaufel 120, 130 weist entlang der Längsachse 121 aufeinander folgend einen Befestigungsbereich 400, eine daran angrenzende Schaufelplattform 403 sowie ein Schaufelblatt 406 und eine Schaufelspitze 415 auf.
Als Leitschaufel 130 kann die Schaufel 130 an ihrer Schaufelspitze 415 eine weitere Plattform aufweisen (nicht dargestellt).The blade 120, 130 has along the longitudinal axis 121 consecutively a fastening region 400, a blade platform 403 adjacent thereto and an airfoil 406 and a blade tip 415.
As a guide blade 130, the blade 130 may have at its blade tip 415 another platform (not shown).

Im Befestigungsbereich 400 ist ein Schaufelfuß 183 gebildet, der zur Befestigung der Laufschaufeln 120, 130 an einer Welle oder einer Scheibe dient (nicht dargestellt).
Der Schaufelfuß 183 ist beispielsweise als Hammerkopf ausgestaltet. Andere Ausgestaltungen als Tannenbaum- oder Schwalbenschwanzfuß sind möglich.In the mounting region 400, a blade root 183 is formed, which serves for attachment of the blades 120, 130 to a shaft or a disc (not shown).
The blade root 183 is designed, for example, as a hammer head. Other designs as Christmas tree or Schwalbenschwanzfuß are possible.

Die Schaufel 120, 130 weist für ein Medium, das an dem Schaufelblatt 406 vorbeiströmt, eine Anströmkante 409 und eine Abströmkante 412 auf.The blade 120, 130 has a leading edge 409 and a trailing edge 412 for a medium flowing past the airfoil 406.

Bei herkömmlichen Schaufeln 120, 130 werden in allen Bereichen 400, 403, 406 der Schaufel 120, 130 beispielsweise massive metallische Werkstoffe, insbesondere Superlegierungen verwendet.
Solche Superlegierungen sind beispielsweise aus der EP 1 204 776 B1 , EP 1 306 454 , EP 1 319 729 A1 , WO 99/67435 oder WO 00/44949 bekannt; diese Schriften sind bzgl. der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Legierung Teil der Offenbarung.
Die Schaufel 120, 130 kann hierbei durch ein Gussverfahren, auch mittels gerichteter Erstarrung, durch ein Schmiedeverfahren, durch ein Fräsverfahren oder Kombinationen daraus gefertigt sein.In conventional blades 120, 130, for example, solid metallic materials, in particular superalloys, are used in all regions 400, 403, 406 of the blade 120, 130.
Such superalloys are for example from EP 1 204 776 B1 . EP 1 306 454 . EP 1 319 729 A1 . WO 99/67435 or WO 00/44949 known; These documents are part of the disclosure regarding the chemical composition of the alloy.
The blade 120, 130 can be made by a casting process, also by directional solidification, by a forging process, by a milling process or combinations thereof.

Werkstücke mit einkristalliner Struktur oder Strukturen werden als Bauteile für Maschinen eingesetzt, die im Betrieb hohen mechanischen, thermischen und/oder chemischen Belastungen ausgesetzt sind.
Die Fertigung von derartigen einkristallinen Werkstücken erfolgt z.B. durch gerichtetes Erstarren aus der Schmelze. Es handelt sich dabei um Gießverfahren, bei denen die flüssige metallische Legierung zur einkristallinen Struktur, d.h. zum einkristallinen Werkstück, oder gerichtet erstarrt.
Dabei werden dendritische Kristalle entlang dem Wärmefluss ausgerichtet und bilden entweder eine stängelkristalline Kornstruktur (kolumnar, d.h. Körner, die über die ganze Länge des Werkstückes verlaufen und hier, dem allgemeinen Sprachgebrauch nach, als gerichtet erstarrt bezeichnet werden) oder eine einkristalline Struktur, d.h. das ganze Werkstück besteht aus einem einzigen Kristall. In diesen Verfahren muss man den Übergang zur globulitischen (polykristallinen) Erstarrung meiden, da sich durch ungerichtetes Wachstum notwendigerweise transversale und longitudinale Korngrenzen ausbilden, welche die guten Eigenschaften des gerichtet erstarrten oder einkristallinen Bauteiles zunichte machen.Workpieces with a monocrystalline structure or structures are used as components for machines which are exposed to high mechanical, thermal and / or chemical stresses during operation.
The production of such monocrystalline workpieces, for example, by directed solidification from the melt. These are casting methods in which the liquid metallic alloy solidifies into a monocrystalline structure, ie a single-crystal workpiece, or directionally.
Here, dendritic crystals are aligned along the heat flow and form either a columnar grain structure (columnar, ie grains that run the entire length of the workpiece and here, in common parlance, referred to as directionally solidified) or a monocrystalline structure, ie the whole Workpiece consists of a single crystal. In these processes, it is necessary to avoid the transition to globulitic (polycrystalline) solidification, since non-directional growth necessarily produces transverse and longitudinal grain boundaries which negate the good properties of the directionally solidified or monocrystalline component.

Ist allgemein von gerichtet erstarrten Gefügen die Rede, so sind damit sowohl Einkristalle gemeint, die keine Korngrenzen oder höchstens Kleinwinkelkorngrenzen aufweisen, als auch Stängelkristallstrukturen, die wohl in longitudinaler Richtung verlaufende Korngrenzen, aber keine transversalen Korngrenzen aufweisen. Bei diesen zweitgenannten kristallinen Strukturen spricht man auch von gerichtet erstarrten Gefügen (directionally solidified structures).
Solche Verfahren sind aus der US-PS 6,024,792 und der EP 0 892 090 A1 bekannt; diese Schriften sind bzgl. des Erstarrungsverfahrens Teil der Offenbarung.The term generally refers to directionally solidified microstructures, which means both single crystals that have no grain boundaries or at most small angle grain boundaries, and stem crystal structures that have probably longitudinal grain boundaries but no transverse grain boundaries. These second-mentioned crystalline structures are also known as directionally solidified structures.
Such methods are known from U.S. Patent 6,024,792 and the EP 0 892 090 A1 known; these writings are part of the revelation regarding the solidification process.

Ebenso können die Schaufeln 120, 130 Beschichtungen gegen Korrosion oder Oxidation aufweisen, z. B. (MCrA1X; M ist zumindest ein Element der Gruppe Eisen (Fe), Kobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), X ist ein Aktivelement und steht für Yttrium (Y) und/oder Silizium und/oder zumindest ein Element der Seltenen Erden, bzw. Hafnium (Hf)). Solche Legierungen sind bekannt aus der EP 0 486 489 B1 , EP 0 786 017 B1 EP 0 412 397 B1 oder EP 1 306 454 A1 , die bzgl. der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Legierung Teil dieser Offenbarung sein sollen.
Die Dichte liegt vorzugsweise bei 95% der theoretischen Dichte.
Auf der MCrA1X-Schicht (als Zwischenschicht oder als äußerste Schicht) bildet sich eine schützende Aluminiumoxidschicht (TGO = thermal grown oxide layer).Likewise, the blades 120, 130 may have coatings against corrosion or oxidation, e.g. M is at least one element of the group iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), X is an active element and stands for yttrium (Y) and / or silicon and / or at least one element of the rare ones Earth, or hafnium (Hf)). Such alloys are known from the EP 0 486 489 B1 . EP 0 786 017 B1 EP 0 412 397 B1 or EP 1 306 454 A1 which are to be part of this disclosure with regard to the chemical composition of the alloy.
The density is preferably 95% of the theoretical density.
A protective aluminum oxide layer (TGO = thermal grown oxide layer) forms on the MCrA1X layer (as intermediate layer or as outermost layer).

Auf der MCrA1X kann noch eine Wärmedämmschicht vorhanden sein, die vorzugsweise die äußerste Schicht ist, und besteht beispielsweise aus ZrO2, Y2O3-ZrO2, d.h. sie ist nicht, teilweise oder vollständig stabilisiert durch Yttriumoxid und/oder Kalziumoxid und/oder Magnesiumoxid.
Die Wärmedämmschicht bedeckt die gesamte MCrA1X-Schicht. Durch geeignete Beschichtungsverfahren wie z.B. Elektronenstrahlverdampfen (EB-PVD) werden stängelförmige Körner in der Wärmedämmschicht erzeugt.
Andere Beschichtungsverfahren sind denkbar, z.B. atmosphärisches Plasmaspritzen (APS), LPPS, VPS oder CVD. Die Wärmedämmschicht kann poröse, mikro- oder makrorissbehaftete Körner zur besseren Thermoschockbeständigkeit aufweisen. Die Wärmedämmschicht ist also vorzugsweise poröser als die MCrAlX-Schicht.On the MCrA1X may still be present a thermal barrier coating, which is preferably the outermost layer, and consists for example of ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 , ie it is not, partially or completely stabilized by yttria and / or calcium oxide and / or magnesium oxide.
The thermal barrier coating covers the entire MCrA1X layer. By means of suitable coating processes, such as electron beam evaporation (EB-PVD), stalk-shaped grains are produced in the thermal barrier coating.
Other coating methods are conceivable, for example atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), LPPS, VPS or CVD. The thermal barrier coating may have porous, micro- or macro-cracked grains for better thermal shock resistance. The thermal barrier coating is therefore preferably more porous than the MCrAlX layer.

Die Schaufel 120, 130 kann hohl oder massiv ausgeführt sein. Wenn die Schaufel 120, 130 gekühlt werden soll, ist sie hohl und weist ggf. noch Filmkühllöcher 418 (gestrichelt angedeutet) auf.The blade 120, 130 may be hollow or solid. If the blade 120, 130 is to be cooled, it is hollow and may still film cooling holes 418 (indicated by dashed lines) on.

Die Figur 11 zeigt eine Brennkammer 110 der Gasturbine 100. Die Brennkammer 110 ist beispielsweise als so genannte Ringbrennkammer ausgestaltet, bei der eine Vielzahl von in Umfangsrichtung um eine Rotationsachse 102 herum angeordneten Brennern 107 in einen gemeinsamen Brennkammerraum 154 münden, die Flammen 156 erzeugen. Dazu ist die Brennkammer 110 in ihrer Gesamtheit als ringförmige Struktur ausgestaltet, die um die Rotationsachse 102 herum positioniert ist.The FIG. 11 shows a combustion chamber 110 of the gas turbine 100. The combustion chamber 110 is configured, for example, as a so-called annular combustion chamber, in which a plurality of circumferentially arranged around a rotation axis 102 around burners 107 open into a common combustion chamber space 154, the flames 156 produce. For this purpose, the combustion chamber 110 is configured in its entirety as an annular structure, which is positioned around the axis of rotation 102 around.

Zur Erzielung eines vergleichsweise hohen Wirkungsgrades ist die Brennkammer 110 für eine vergleichsweise hohe Temperatur des Arbeitsmediums M von etwa 1000°C bis 1600°C ausgelegt. Um auch bei diesen, für die Materialien ungünstigen Betriebsparametern eine vergleichsweise lange Betriebsdauer zu ermöglichen, ist die Brennkammerwand 153 auf ihrer dem Arbeitsmedium M zugewandten Seite mit einer aus Hitzeschildelementen 155 gebildeten Innenauskleidung versehen.To achieve a comparatively high efficiency, the combustion chamber 110 is designed for a comparatively high temperature of the working medium M of about 1000 ° C to 1600 ° C. In order to enable a comparatively long service life even with these, for the materials unfavorable operating parameters, the combustion chamber wall 153 is provided on its side facing the working medium M side with an inner lining formed from heat shield elements 155.

Aufgrund der hohen Temperaturen im Inneren der Brennkammer 110 kann zudem für die Hitzeschildelemente 155 bzw. für deren Halteelemente ein Kühlsystem vorgesehen sein. Die Hitzeschildelemente 155 sind dann beispielsweise hohl und weisen ggf. noch in den Brennkammerraum 154 mündende Kühllöcher (nicht dargestellt) auf.Due to the high temperatures inside the combustion chamber 110 may also be provided for the heat shield elements 155 and for their holding elements, a cooling system. The heat shield elements 155 are then, for example, hollow and possibly still have cooling holes (not shown) which open into the combustion chamber space 154.

Jedes Hitzeschildelement 155 aus einer Legierung ist arbeitsmediumsseitig mit einer besonders hitzebeständigen Schutzschicht (MCrA1X-Schicht und/oder keramische Beschichtung) ausgestattet oder ist aus hochtemperaturbeständigem Material (massive keramische Steine) gefertigt.
Diese Schutzschichten können ähnlich der Turbinenschaufeln sein, also bedeutet beispielsweise MCrA1X: M ist zumindest ein Element der Gruppe Eisen (Fe), Kobalt (Co), Nickel (Ni), X ist ein Aktivelement und steht für Yttrium (Y) und/oder Silizium und/oder zumindest ein Element der Seltenen Erden, bzw. Hafnium (Hf). Solche Legierungen sind bekannt aus der EP 0 486 489 B1 , EP 0 786 017 B1 , EP 0 412 397 B1 oder EP 1 306 454 A1 , die bzgl. der chemischen Zusammensetzung der Legierung Teil dieser Offenbarung sein sollen.Each heat shield element 155 made of an alloy is working medium side with a particularly heat-resistant protective layer (MCrA1X layer and / or ceramic coating) or is made of high temperature resistant material (solid ceramic stones).
These protective layers may be similar to the turbine blades, so for example MCrA1X means: M is at least one element of the group iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), X is an active element and stands for yttrium (Y) and / or silicon and / or at least one element of the rare earths, or hafnium (Hf). Such alloys are known from the EP 0 486 489 B1 . EP 0 786 017 B1 . EP 0 412 397 B1 or EP 1 306 454 A1 which are to be part of this disclosure with regard to the chemical composition of the alloy.

Auf der MCrA1X kann noch eine beispielsweise keramische Wärmedämmschicht vorhanden sein und besteht beispielsweise aus ZrO2, Y2O3-ZrO2, d.h. sie ist nicht, teilweise oder vollständig stabilisiert durch Yttriumoxid und/oder Kalziumoxid und/oder Magnesiumoxid.
Durch geeignete Beschichtungsverfahren wie z.B. Elektronenstrahlverdampfen (EB-PVD) werden stängelförmige Körner in der Wärmedämmschicht erzeugt.
Andere Beschichtungsverfahren sind denkbar, z.B. atmosphärisches Plasmaspritzen (APS), LPPS, VPS oder CVD. Die Wärmedämmschicht kann poröse, mikro- oder makrorissbehaftete Körner zur besseren Thermoschockbeständigkeit aufweisen.On the MCrA1X may still be present, for example, a ceramic thermal barrier coating and consists for example of ZrO 2 , Y 2 O 3 -ZrO 2 , ie it is not, partially or completely stabilized by yttria and / or calcium oxide and / or magnesium oxide.
By means of suitable coating processes, such as electron beam evaporation (EB-PVD), stalk-shaped grains are produced in the thermal barrier coating.
Other coating methods are conceivable, for example atmospheric plasma spraying (APS), LPPS, VPS or CVD. The thermal barrier coating may have porous, micro- or macro-cracked grains for better thermal shock resistance.

Wiederaufarbeitung (Refurbishment) bedeutet, dass Turbinenschaufeln 120, 130, Hitzeschildelemente 155 nach ihrem Einsatz gegebenenfalls von Schutzschichten befreit werden müssen (z.B. durch Sandstrahlen). Danach erfolgt eine Entfernung der Korrosions- und/oder Oxidationsschichten bzw. -produkte. Gegebenenfalls werden auch noch Risse in der Turbinenschaufel 120, 130 oder dem Hitzeschildelement 155 repariert. Danach erfolgt eine Wiederbeschichtung der Turbinenschaufeln 120, 130, Hitzeschildelemente 155 und ein erneuter Einsatz der Turbinenschaufeln 120, 130 oder der Hitzeschildelemente 155.Refurbishment means that turbine blades 120, 130, heat shield elements 155 may need to be deprotected (e.g., by sandblasting) after use. This is followed by removal of the corrosion and / or oxidation layers or products. Optionally, cracks in the turbine blade 120, 130 or the heat shield element 155 are also repaired. This is followed by a re-coating of the turbine blades 120, 130, heat shield elements 155 and a renewed use of the turbine blades 120, 130 or the heat shield elements 155.

Claims (46)

  1. Cold spraying installation,
    which includes
    at least one powder container (16, 16'),
    a high-pressure gas generator (22) for generating a high-pressure gas,
    a gas heater (19) and
    a nozzle (8),
    from which emerges a cold gas particle stream (7),
    characterized in that
    the cold spraying installation (1) has influencing means (25, 26, 29, 32, 35, 35', 36)
    which lead to a variable change in at least one of the properties temperature (T), pressure (p), particle density (ρ), particle material (M), velocity (v) of the cold gas particle stream (7).
  2. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the influencing means (25, 26, 29, 32, 35, 35', 36) can be used to vary the at least one property of the cold gas particle stream (7) periodically.
  3. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the influencing means (25, 26, 29, 32, 35, 35', 36) can be used to change the at least one property of the cold gas particle stream (7) aperiodically.
  4. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1, 2 or 3,
    characterized in that
    there is at least one powder injector (35, 35') as influencing means,
    by which the powder from the powder container (16, 16') can be fed to the high-pressure gas in pulsed fashion,
    with the result that it is possible to change the particle density (ρ) of the cold gas particle stream (7).
  5. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1, 2, 3 or 4,
    characterized in that
    there is a pulsed heating means (25) as influencing means,
    in particular as part of the gas heater (19),
    by which means (25) the high-pressure gas can be variably heated,
    with the result that the temperature of the cold gas particle stream (7) can also be changed.
  6. Cold gas spraying installation according to Claim 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5,
    characterized in that
    the cold gas spraying installation (1), upstream of the nozzle inlet opening (8') of the nozzle (8), has a valve (32),
    in particular a rotating perforated disk (32),
    as influencing means,
    by which the nozzle (8) can be closed from time to time,
    so that the particle density (ρ) in the cold gas particle stream (7) can be variably changed.
  7. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6,
    characterized in that
    the cold spraying installation (1), in the region of the nozzle (8) or as part of the nozzle (8), has mechanically acting pressure generators (29),
    in particular including piezo-electrics,
    as influencing means,
    by which the cross section (F) of the nozzle (8) can be variably changed.
  8. Cold spraying installation according to one or more of the preceding Claims,
    characterized in that
    acoustic wave introduction means (26),
    in particular ultrasonic generators in the region of or on the nozzle (8),
    are present as influencing means,
    by which the cold gas particle stream (7) can be compressed or expanded.
  9. Cold spraying installation according to one or more of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    there is a high-pressure valve (36) in the high-pressure gas generator (22) or at a line (37) of the high-pressure gas generator (22)
    as influencing means,
    which can variably interrupt the flow of the high-pressure gas out of the high-pressure gas generator (22), so that the pressure (p) in the cold gas particle stream (7) can be variably changed.
  10. Cold spraying installation according to one or more of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    there are influencing means (26, 29, 32, 36) for changing the diameter (Φ) of the nozzle (8), the temperature (T) and/or the pressure (p) in the nozzle (8).
  11. Cold spraying installation according to one or more of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the influencing means (25, 29, 32, 35, 35', 36) are arranged only upstream of the nozzle inlet opening (8').
  12. Cold spraying installation according to one or more of the preceding Claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in that
    the influencing means (26, 29) are arranged only downstream of the nozzle inlet opening (8').
  13. Cold spraying installation according to one or more of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    it (1) is arranged inside a vacuum chamber.
  14. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1 or 4,
    characterized in that
    the high-pressure gas and powder can be mixed upstream of the nozzle (8).
  15. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1 or 4,
    characterized in that
    the high-pressure gas and powder can be mixed in the nozzle (8).
  16. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1, 4, 14 or 15,
    characterized in that
    there are two powder containers (16, 16') and two powder injectors (35, 35').
  17. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1 or 5,
    characterized in that
    the only influencing means present is a pulsed heating means (25)
  18. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1 or 4,
    characterized in that
    the only influencing means present is a powder injector (35).
  19. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1 or 7,
    characterized in that
    the only influencing means present are mechanically acting pressure generators (29).
  20. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1 or 6,
    characterized in that
    the only influencing means present is a valve (32).
  21. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1 or 9,
    characterized in that
    the only influencing means present is a high-pressure valve (36) .
  22. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 4, 5 or 16,
    characterized in that
    the only influencing means present are powder injectors (35) and pulsed heating means (25).
  23. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 4 or 9,
    characterized in that
    the only influencing means present are a high-pressure valve (36) and pulsed heating means (25).
  24. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1, 5 or 7,
    characterized in that
    the only influencing means present are pulsed heating means (25) and mechanically acting pressure generators (29).
  25. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1, 4, 7 or 16,
    characterized in that
    the only influencing means present are powder injectors (35) and mechanically acting pressure generators (29).
  26. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1, 4 or 5,
    characterized in that
    the only influencing means present are pulsed heating means (25), mechanically acting pressure generators (29) and powder injectors (35).
  27. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1, 4, 9 or 19,
    characterized in that
    the only influencing means present are pulsed heating means (25), a high-pressure valve (36) and powder injector (35).
  28. Cold spraying installation according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    only the properties temperature (T), pressure (p), particle density (ρ), particle material (M), velocity (v) of the cold gas particle stream can be changed.
  29. Cold spraying process,
    in particular using the cold spraying installation according to one or more of Claims 1 to 28,
    characterized in that
    at least one of the parameters temperature (T), pressure (p), particle density (ρ), particle material (M), velocity (v) of a cold gas particle stream (7) is variably changed.
  30. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29,
    characterized in that
    only the particle density (ρ) of the cold gas particle stream (7) is changed.
  31. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29,
    characterized in that
    only the temperature (T) of the cold gas particle stream (7) is changed.
  32. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29,
    characterized in that
    only the velocity (v) of the cold gas particle stream (7) is changed.
  33. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29,
    characterized in that
    only the particle material (M) of the cold gas particle stream (7) is changed.
  34. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29,
    characterized in that
    only the pressure (p) of the cold gas particle stream (7) is changed.
  35. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 or 34,
    characterized in that
    the at least one parameter of the cold gas particle stream (7) is changed periodically.
  36. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29, 30, 31, 32, 33 or 34,
    characterized in that
    the at least one parameter of the cold gas particle stream (7) is changed aperiodically.
  37. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29,
    characterized in that
    two properties of the cold gas particle stream (7) are changed simultaneously.
  38. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29 or 37,
    characterized in that
    during a coating operation only the temperature (T) and the particle density (ρ) of the cold gas particle stream (7) are changed.
  39. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29 or 37,
    characterized in that
    during a coating operation only the temperature (T) and the velocity (v) of the cold gas particle stream (7) are changed.
  40. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29 or 37,
    characterized in that
    during a coating operation only the temperature (T) and the pressure (p) of the cold gas particle stream (7) are changed.
  41. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29 or 37,
    characterized in that
    during a coating operation only the pressure (p) and the particle density (ρ) of the cold gas particle stream (7) are changed.
  42. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29 or 37,
    characterized in that
    during a coating operation only the pressure (p) and the material (M) of the cold gas particle stream (7) are changed.
  43. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29,
    characterized in that
    during a coating operation only the particle density (ρ) and the velocity (v) of the cold gas particle stream (7) is changed.
  44. Cold spraying process according to Claim 29,
    characterized in that
    during a coating operation only the material (M) and the velocity (v) of the cold gas particle stream (7) is changed.
  45. Cold spraying process according to one or more of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the high-pressure gas and powder are mixed upstream of the nozzle (8).
  46. Cold spraying installation as set forth in one or more of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the high-pressure gas and powder are mixed in the nozzle (8).
EP06000403A 2006-01-10 2006-01-10 Cold spray apparatus and method with modulated gasstream Not-in-force EP1806429B1 (en)

Priority Applications (5)

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DE502006001063T DE502006001063D1 (en) 2006-01-10 2006-01-10 Cold spraying and cold spraying with modulated gas flow
AT06000403T ATE400674T1 (en) 2006-01-10 2006-01-10 COLD SPRAYING SYSTEM AND COLD SPRAYING PROCESS WITH MODULATED GAS FLOW
EP06000403A EP1806429B1 (en) 2006-01-10 2006-01-10 Cold spray apparatus and method with modulated gasstream
RU2007100423/05A RU2426602C2 (en) 2006-01-10 2007-01-09 Cold gas spraying plant and method of cold gas sparying with modulated gas flow
US11/651,730 US7631816B2 (en) 2006-01-10 2007-01-10 Cold spraying installation and cold spraying process with modulated gas stream

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP06000403A EP1806429B1 (en) 2006-01-10 2006-01-10 Cold spray apparatus and method with modulated gasstream

Publications (2)

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EP1806429A1 EP1806429A1 (en) 2007-07-11
EP1806429B1 true EP1806429B1 (en) 2008-07-09

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EP (1) EP1806429B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE400674T1 (en)
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KR100515608B1 (en) * 2003-12-24 2005-09-16 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 Cold spray apparatus with powder preheating apparatus
US20070098912A1 (en) * 2005-10-27 2007-05-03 Honeywell International, Inc. Method for producing functionally graded coatings using cold gas-dynamic spraying

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DE102008058142A1 (en) * 2008-11-20 2010-05-27 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Method for producing and / or repairing a rotor of a turbomachine and rotor for this purpose
DE102008058141A1 (en) * 2008-11-20 2010-05-27 Mtu Aero Engines Gmbh Method for producing a blade for a rotor of a turbomachine
EP2206804A1 (en) * 2009-01-07 2010-07-14 General Electric Company System and Method of Joining Metallic Parts Using Cold Spray Technique
US11898986B2 (en) 2012-10-10 2024-02-13 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Systems and methods for steam generator tube analysis for detection of tube degradation
US11935662B2 (en) 2019-07-02 2024-03-19 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Elongate SiC fuel elements
US11662300B2 (en) 2019-09-19 2023-05-30 Westinghouse Electric Company Llc Apparatus for performing in-situ adhesion test of cold spray deposits and method of employing

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ATE400674T1 (en) 2008-07-15
EP1806429A1 (en) 2007-07-11
US7631816B2 (en) 2009-12-15
RU2007100423A (en) 2008-08-10
RU2426602C2 (en) 2011-08-20
DE502006001063D1 (en) 2008-08-21
US20070187525A1 (en) 2007-08-16

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