EP1766734A1 - Method for connecting at least one wire to a contact element - Google Patents

Method for connecting at least one wire to a contact element

Info

Publication number
EP1766734A1
EP1766734A1 EP05759904A EP05759904A EP1766734A1 EP 1766734 A1 EP1766734 A1 EP 1766734A1 EP 05759904 A EP05759904 A EP 05759904A EP 05759904 A EP05759904 A EP 05759904A EP 1766734 A1 EP1766734 A1 EP 1766734A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
contact element
groove
wire
contact
electrode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05759904A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1766734B1 (en
Inventor
André HEINZEL
Andreas Hojenski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Friatec AG
Original Assignee
Friatec AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Friatec AG filed Critical Friatec AG
Priority to PL05759904T priority Critical patent/PL1766734T3/en
Publication of EP1766734A1 publication Critical patent/EP1766734A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1766734B1 publication Critical patent/EP1766734B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
    • H01R43/0207Ultrasonic-, H.F.-, cold- or impact welding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R4/00Electrically-conductive connections between two or more conductive members in direct contact, i.e. touching one another; Means for effecting or maintaining such contact; Electrically-conductive connections having two or more spaced connecting locations for conductors and using contact members penetrating insulation
    • H01R4/02Soldered or welded connections
    • H01R4/023Soldered or welded connections between cables or wires and terminals
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/02Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections
    • H01R43/0228Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for soldered or welded connections without preliminary removing of insulation before soldering or welding
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01RELECTRICALLY-CONDUCTIVE CONNECTIONS; STRUCTURAL ASSOCIATIONS OF A PLURALITY OF MUTUALLY-INSULATED ELECTRICAL CONNECTING ELEMENTS; COUPLING DEVICES; CURRENT COLLECTORS
    • H01R43/00Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors
    • H01R43/04Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing, assembling, maintaining, or repairing of line connectors or current collectors or for joining electric conductors for forming connections by deformation, e.g. crimping tool
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49124On flat or curved insulated base, e.g., printed circuit, etc.
    • Y10T29/49147Assembling terminal to base
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00Metal working
    • Y10T29/49Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49117Conductor or circuit manufacturing
    • Y10T29/49174Assembling terminal to elongated conductor
    • Y10T29/49181Assembling terminal to elongated conductor by deforming
    • Y10T29/49185Assembling terminal to elongated conductor by deforming of terminal
    • Y10T29/49192Assembling terminal to elongated conductor by deforming of terminal with insulation removal

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for connecting at least one wire to a contact element for connecting the wire to a power source, comprising the steps of providing a contact element having a groove for receiving the wire, wherein the groove is preferably deeper than the diameter of the wire , and inserting at least one wire in the groove of the contact element.
  • Such a bonding method is known from US 5,674,588. It describes how to insert a contact element, namely a bifurcated contact pin, into a welding sleeve in order to form a clamping contact with a wire.
  • a contact element namely a bifurcated contact pin
  • Essential for the good electrical contact is that the groove formed between the fork webs has a distance that is less than the diameter of the wire, so that an effective cold clamping connection can be made.
  • this also means that the cross section of the wire is changed or reduced, so that a uniform flow of current through the wire is no longer guaranteed.
  • an electrode is lowered onto the contact element and the environment of the groove is heated by the electrode, at the same time the environment of the groove is also mechanically deformed by the electrode, so that the wire lying in the groove is jammed.
  • the method which is a modification of hot press welding, makes it possible to to make an electrical contact also between materials that are not welded together.
  • a painted wire is to be understood as a single or multi-layer sleeve-shaped conductor, wherein at least one non-conductive layer is provided.
  • an unpainted wire consists of single or multilayer conductive materials, at least the outer layer is conductive.
  • the cross-section of the wire does not necessarily have to be circular, for example, it may be rectangular, if, for example, a wire designed as a flat strip is to be embedded.
  • a point contact, line contact or minimal surface contact between the contact element and the electrode is produced when lowering the electrode on the contact element. This reduces the process-specific mechanical and electrical influence on the electrode and improves the service life of the electrode.
  • the cooling of the deformed contact element is made subsequent to the deformation of the environment of the groove and thus the inclusion of the wire.
  • the groove is deeper than the diameter of the wire, although this is not absolutely necessary for carrying out the method according to the invention. It only needs to be ensured that the wire is not permanently in contact with the electrode. In particular, a painted wire would pollute the electrode and cause only short service life. Otherwise, it may well be sufficient if the wire is only about halfway in the groove, as is raised by a special electrode design, which will be discussed below, material of the contact element and pushed over the wire.
  • two or more wires or wire ends may be placed in the groove to make electrical contact between the wires or wire ends.
  • the contact element can be equipped according to the circumstances.
  • the groove may be formed in cross-section, for example, rectangular, part-circular or V-shaped, the inner surfaces may be smooth, serrated or serrated, also the groove may be convex or rectilinear in the longitudinal direction, either horizontally or inclined, or concave.
  • the contact element may consist of a single material, but also be formed as a metallic base body with a coating.
  • the metallic base body can be made of copper, aluminum or steel, for example, which is at least partially provided with a low-melting metallic or the electrical conductivity-improving coating.
  • Suitable coating materials for copper or aluminum are, for example, zinc or tin, for steel a coating with copper is suitable. Alloys of these metals can also be used, furthermore eutectics can also improve the electrical transition behavior to the wire to be embedded. Several layers of such materials are possible.
  • the groove is formed between at least one pair of two opposing fork webs.
  • the fork webs of a pair are arranged substantially parallel to each other. However, it is also possible that the fork webs of a pair are arranged at an angle to each other, so that an approximately V-shaped groove is formed.
  • the contact element may further be characterized in that it comprises a pin-shaped body, on whose one free end the groove is formed.
  • a pin-shaped body is in particular designed to be inserted into the passage opening of a carrier body.
  • At least one-piece flange may be provided, for example, an annular flange, a flange with polygonal peripheral contour, but also a segmented flange, wherein the corresponding Aufhahme Suitee the fürgangsöffhung adapted to this shape.
  • An electrode with which the method according to the invention can be carried out is characterized in that it has a concavity for contact with the contact element.
  • Concavity means not only a hemispherical shape, but also a cylindrical, conical, polygonal or as a flat ring shaping form. It only needs to be ensured that the desired point contact, line contact or minimum surface contact can be made to the contact element. It is also expedient to choose the shape such that when placing the electrode on the contact element a certain centering or positioning effect is caused.
  • the counter contour of the electrode is formed on the contact surface of the contact pin after the welding. This can be exploited to give a characteristic appearance by structuring the inner surface of the electrode of the tulip formed after welding.
  • the erfmdungswashe method requires no mechanical rework, which would anyway only give a changed geometry of the contact element surface, but has no effect on the connection quality.
  • a concavity of the electrode is not absolutely necessary for the erf ⁇ ndungswashe method. If the contact element is suitably pre-formed, one can also work with flat electrodes.
  • the already mentioned support body of thermoplastic material which has the at least one passage opening for receiving a respective contact element, may be a weld body, for example a sleeve, an angle, a reducer, T-piece or saddle.
  • Carrier body made of thermoplastic material are preferably used in the Schuetzlsch spatechnik, so that here the invention will find their preferred application.
  • the material for the carrier body can be teilheilhermoplastic or fully thermoplastic.
  • Partially thermoplastic for example, composites containing reinforcing inserts such as glass fibers, aramid fiber, and the like would still be Pigments.
  • thermoplastic materials are polyethylene, polypropylene or polyamide suitable.
  • the contact element is held by its geometric configuration substantially secure against displacement in the through hole, but in the electrical and mechanical connection process, it may be provided to support the contact pin on the opposite side to the electrode. It may be sufficient that the frictional engagement of the contact element in the passage opening is caused solely by an abutment shoulder projecting into the passage opening. In special embodiments, which will be described in more detail below, also other areas of the body can be adapted in its contour to the through hole.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic partial sectional view of a welding sleeve as a carrier body with a contact pin as a contact element, for which the method according to the present invention is to be performed;
  • Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 with the recessed in the receiving opening contact pin;
  • Figure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, in which the contact pin is in its end position in the welding sleeve;
  • Figure 4 is a view of the welding sleeve with contact pin and approached
  • Figure 5 is a view in which the electrode rests on the contact pin
  • Figure 6 is a view intended to illustrate the hot pressing process
  • Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 6 in advanced hot pressing
  • Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 7, in which the hot pressing process is largely completed;
  • Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 8, with the wire included;
  • Figure 10 is a view intended to illustrate the cooling process
  • Figure 11 is a view with removing electrode and fully integrated
  • Figure 12 shows a variant in which solid body is used
  • Figure 13 shows a number of possible geometries for the groove 40
  • FIG. 15 shows a micrograph of a contact point produced by the method according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention will be described below with reference to a contact pin inserted in a welding sleeve as a carrier body; but it is not limited to this embodiment.
  • Other possible support bodies are angles, reducers, tees, saddles and the like, in particular those welds associated with be used with the Schuetzlsch spatechnik.
  • a contact element such as a contact pin directly and then into a carrier body, for. B. of thermoplastic material to integrate.
  • wire ends or continuous wires can be processed. By forming a cutting edge, which can be provided directly on the electrode, the wire can be cut to length.
  • the material for the wire for example, aluminum, copper, iron, Konstantan, alloy wire and the like come into question.
  • FIG l (a) is a schematic partial sectional view of a welding sleeve 10 is shown, which preferably consists of a thermoplastic material such as polypropylene or polyethylene.
  • the welding sleeve 10 has a plurality of contact points, which serve to connect wires 20, of which, however, only one contact point or a wire is shown here.
  • the wire 20 is located above a receiving channel 12, which widens to a receiving opening 16, thereby defining a contact shoulder 14 pointing towards the outside of the welding sleeve 10.
  • the receiving opening 16 is essentially limited by an annular projection 18 to the welding sleeve 10, and only partially, for example, to a quarter, incorporated into the welding sleeve 10.
  • FIG. 1 (b) shows how the wire 20 lies across the receiving channel 12.
  • the method according to the invention is so tolerant that deviations from this preferred orientation do not jeopardize the implementation of the method, for example, the wire also diagonally above the opening of Aufhahmekanals 12 or in Aufhahmekanal 12, curled eino or compressed.
  • region 36 of the body in such a way that it is aligned with the fork webs 42, 44 or graduated in other ways. It is essential that, as shown in Figure 3, an annular space 38 is provided which acts thermally insulating.
  • FIG. 2 shows the contact pin 30, as it is inserted with its body 32 into the receiving opening 16 of the welding sleeve 10.
  • the diameter of the body 32 is significantly less than that of the Qualcommöffhung 16, however, the body 32 has a circumferential annular flange 34 which is dimensioned so that the contact pin 30 while displaceably, but non-friction sits in the receiving opening 16.
  • the contact pin has a region 36 which has a diameter which is adapted to the diameter of the receiving channel 12. In this enlarged area 36 there are two opposing fork webs 42, 44, which leave a groove 40 between them, in which the wire 20 is to be accommodated later.
  • FIG. 3 (a) shows the contact pin 30 as it sits in its end position in the welding sleeve 10.
  • the surrounding around the body 32 of the contact pin 30 annular flange 34 executed here closed, but it is also a segmented design of the annular flange possible, is located on the contact shoulder 14 of the receiving opening 16.
  • the located above the peripheral annular flange 34 enlarged area 36 sits tight in the Receiving channel 12 and fills this over about half its height.
  • a step 38 is formed, so that the fork webs 42, 44 comply with the surrounding welding sleeve 10 a certain distance, the annular space 38 formed thereby is to serve later in the welding process, the surrounding plastic of the welding sleeve 10 from unwanted to protect thermal load.
  • the fork webs 42, 44 protrude beyond the inner surface of the welding sleeve 10 and form a positioning aid, which will be explained later in connection with Figure 5 in more detail.
  • Other embodiments are conceivable in which the fork webs 42, 44 are sunk more or less in the receiving channel 12. The exact configuration may depend on the desired guidance of the wire 20 with respect to the welding sleeve 10 and the contact pin 30th
  • Figure 3 (b) shows how the wire 20 lies loosely between the fork bars 42,44.
  • jamming of the wire 20 is neither required nor desired.
  • the loose insertion of the wire 20 ensures rather that later remains intact after contacting the wire cross-section. This results in an ideal low and Hochbestromungsfestmaschine generated by the inventive method area transitions between wire and pin or the contact.
  • FIG. 4 shows how an electrode 52 located on a holder 50 is shown via the end of the contact pin 30 projecting into the interior of the welding sleeve 10 in such a way that the electrode 52 is substantially aligned with the fork webs. Subsequently, as shown in Figure 5, the holder 50 is lowered with the electrode 52 until the concave inner surface 54 rests on the fork webs 42, 44 and forms a line contact with them, as indicated schematically by the reference numeral A.
  • Line contact means that between the electrode 52 and the fork webs 42, 44, a narrow interface is formed, which allows the flow of such high currents that the temperature level of the fork webs 42, 44 increases by the mechanical and / or electrical energy supplied, in this case Strength of the fork webs 42, 44 is reduced and they thus doughy and can deform. This can be seen more clearly in FIG.
  • For the current flow at least one point contact is required, better several point contacts, ideally, the already mentioned line or surface contact should be formed, whereby the process-specific mechanical and electrical influence on the electrode is reduced and thus their life is improved.
  • Figure 9 shows the completed deformation process in which the wire 20 is compressed with substantially intact cross section between the now deformed fork webs 42, 44.
  • the formerly exposed ends of the fork webs 42, 44 are welded together, so that virtually no restoring force can be effective, which unintentionally releases the wire.
  • an optional cooling process is subsequently initiated, symbolized by the dashed arrow B, and subsequently, as can be seen in FIG. 11, the electrode 52 is moved away.
  • the contact pin 30 is now with firmly integrated wire 20 in the welding sleeve 10. It has been shown that there is no measurable contact contact resistance between the contact pin 30 and wire 20, although with the inventive method quite materials can be treated, which can not be welded because the contacting is effected by pressing, whereby the method described here can be promoted by the energy induced in the system and its thermal influence.
  • Figure 12 shows a variant in which a wire 20 is pressed in solid material 60, d. H. a part of the solid material assumes the function of the contact element, which was embodied in the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 11 by the contact pin 30.
  • the wire 20 is loosely in a corresponding groove and is then pressed by lowering an electrode, similar to that of Figure 4, intimately with the solid material.
  • Figure 13 shows a number of possible geometries for the groove 40.
  • the bottom x of the groove 40 may be curved convex or concave, be rectilinear or be provided with a toothing or corrugation.
  • In the longitudinal direction z of the groove 40 various designs are still possible, by way of example is shown a concave recess, with and without corrugation, a straight design or an irregular profile or a convex course.
  • variable configurations are possible in the groove bottom r and at the groove edge q. The illustrations given in the figures are merely exemplary.
  • FIG. 14 shows how the geometry of the fork webs 42, 44 can be varied.
  • the inner surface of the fork webs - here, for example, only the fork web 42 is shown - depends on the desired geometry of the groove 40.
  • the outer surface of the fork web 42 is extensive freedom of design, depending on the environmental conditions and the possible bending behavior of the material of the fork web 42.
  • the representations in the image (a) are sectional views, for example, a fork web can be concavely curved or executed in different thickness, as shown in the illustrations (1) and (2), right-angled, as in representation (3), thereby also extending away from the groove, as in illustration (4) and in a modification in illustration (5).
  • Panel (b) shows a plan view of the end faces of the fork webs, which can be configured according to the representations (8), (9) and (10) with irregular contour.
  • FIG. 15 shows a micrograph of a contact point produced by the method according to the invention. Due to the mechanical and electrical deformation of the fork webs of the contact pin are zusanimen inconvenience to a tulip 80, in which the wire 20 is embedded.

Abstract

A method for connecting at least one wire to a contact element to facilitate connection of the wire to a power source comprising the following steps: a) preparation of the contact element which is fitted with a groove for receiving at least one wire; b) insertion of the wire into the groove of the contact element; c) lowering an electrode onto the contact element; and d) heating of the area around the groove by means of the electrode while simultaneously deforming the area around the groove thereby embedding the wire lying in said groove.

Description

Verfahren zum Verbinden mindestens eines Drahtes mit einem Kontaktelement Method for connecting at least one wire to a contact element
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Verbinden mindestens eines Drahtes mit einem Kontaktelement zum Anschließen des Drahtes an eine Stromquelle, mit den Schritten des Bereitstellens eines Kontaktelementes, welches eine Nut für die Aufnahme des Drahtes aufweist, wobei die Nut vorzugsweise tiefer ist als der Durchmesser des Drahtes, und Einlegen mindestens eines Drahtes in die Nut des Kontaktelementes.The invention relates to a method for connecting at least one wire to a contact element for connecting the wire to a power source, comprising the steps of providing a contact element having a groove for receiving the wire, wherein the groove is preferably deeper than the diameter of the wire , and inserting at least one wire in the groove of the contact element.
Ein solches Verbindungsverfahren ist aus der US 5,674,588 bekannt. Dort wird beschrieben, wie ein Kontaktelement, nämlich ein gegabelter Kontaktstift, in eine Schweißmuffe einzusetzen ist, um einen Klemmkontakt mit einem Draht zu bilden. Wesentlich für den guten elektrischen Kontakt ist es, daß die zwischen den Gabelstegen gebildete Nut ein Abstandsmaß hat, der geringer ist als der Durchmesser des Drahtes, so daß eine effektive kalte Klemmverbindung hergestellt werden kann. Dies bedeutet aber auch, daß der Querschnitt des Drahtes verändert bzw. vermindert wird, so daß ein gleichmäßiger Stromfluß durch den Draht nicht mehr gewährleistet ist.Such a bonding method is known from US 5,674,588. It describes how to insert a contact element, namely a bifurcated contact pin, into a welding sleeve in order to form a clamping contact with a wire. Essential for the good electrical contact is that the groove formed between the fork webs has a distance that is less than the diameter of the wire, so that an effective cold clamping connection can be made. However, this also means that the cross section of the wire is changed or reduced, so that a uniform flow of current through the wire is no longer guaranteed.
Es ist daher die Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Verbinden eines Drahtes mit einem Kontaktelement zur Verfügung zu stellen, bei dem der Querschnitt des Drahtes erhalten bleibt und das doch vollautomatisch durchgeführt werden kann.It is therefore the object of the invention to provide a method for connecting a wire with a contact element, in which the cross section of the wire is maintained and yet can be carried out fully automatically.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch ein Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind Gegenstand der Ansprüche 2 bis 5; ein Kontaktelement zur Durchführung des Verfahrens ist in den Ansprüchen 6 bis 14 beschrieben. Eine speziell ausgebildete Elektrode ist Gegenstand des Anspruches 15, besondere Anwendungsmöglichkeiten in Verbindung mit einem Trägerkörper sind Gegenstand der Ansprüche 16 bis 18.This object is achieved by a method according to claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of claims 2 to 5; A contact element for carrying out the method is described in claims 6 to 14. A specially designed electrode is the subject of claim 15, special applications in connection with a carrier body are the subject of claims 16 to 18.
Erfindungsgemäß ist vorgesehen, daß, wenn der Draht in die Nut des Kontaktelementes eingelegt wird, eine Elektrode auf das Kontaktelement abgesenkt wird und die Umgebung der Nut durch die Elektrode geheizt wird, wobei gleichzeitig die Umgebung der Nut durch die Elektrode auch mechanisch deformiert wird, so daß der in der Nut liegende Draht verklemmt wird. Das Verfahren, das eine Abwandlung des Warmpreßschweißens ist, ermöglicht es, einen elektischen Kontakt auch zwischen Materialien herzustellen, die nicht miteinander verschweißbar sind. Es können lackierte und nicht lackierte Drähte behandelt werden, wobei ein lackierter Draht als ein ein- oder mehrlagiger hülsenförmiger Stromleiter zu verstehen ist, wobei zumindest eine nicht leitende Lage vorgesehen ist. Ein unlackierter Draht besteht dementsprechend aus ein- oder mehrlagigen leitenden Materialien, zumindest ist die äußere Lage leitend. Der Querschnitt des Drahtes muß nicht notwendigerweise kreisförmig sein, er kann beispielsweise rechtwinklig sein, wenn etwa ein als Flachband ausgebildeter Draht eingebettet werden soll.According to the invention it is provided that when the wire is inserted into the groove of the contact element, an electrode is lowered onto the contact element and the environment of the groove is heated by the electrode, at the same time the environment of the groove is also mechanically deformed by the electrode, so that the wire lying in the groove is jammed. The method, which is a modification of hot press welding, makes it possible to to make an electrical contact also between materials that are not welded together. It can painted and unpainted wires are treated, a painted wire is to be understood as a single or multi-layer sleeve-shaped conductor, wherein at least one non-conductive layer is provided. Accordingly, an unpainted wire consists of single or multilayer conductive materials, at least the outer layer is conductive. The cross-section of the wire does not necessarily have to be circular, for example, it may be rectangular, if, for example, a wire designed as a flat strip is to be embedded.
Nach einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung des Verfahrens wird beim Absenken der Elektrode auf das Kontaktelement ein Punktkontakt, Linienkontakt oder minimaler Flächenkontakt zwischen Kontaktelement und Elektrode hergestellt. Dadurch wird der verfahrensspezifische mechanische und elektrische Einfluß auf die Elektrode reduziert und die Standzeit der Elektrode verbessert.According to a preferred embodiment of the method, a point contact, line contact or minimal surface contact between the contact element and the electrode is produced when lowering the electrode on the contact element. This reduces the process-specific mechanical and electrical influence on the electrode and improves the service life of the electrode.
Weiter vorteilhaft wird anschließend an das Deformieren der Umgebung der Nut und somit das Einschließen des Drahtes das Kühlen des deformierten Kontaktelementes vorgenommen.Further advantageously, the cooling of the deformed contact element is made subsequent to the deformation of the environment of the groove and thus the inclusion of the wire.
Vorteilhaft ist die Nut tiefer als der Durchmesser des Drahtes, obwohl dies für die Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens nicht unbedingt nötig ist. Es muß lediglich sichergestellt sein, daß der Draht nicht permanent mit der Elektrode in Kontakt ist. Insbesondere ein lackierter Draht würde die Elektrode verschmutzen und nur kurze Standzeiten nach sich ziehen. Ansonsten kann es durchaus ausreichend sein, wenn der Draht nur etwa zur Hälfte in der Nut liegt, da durch eine besondere Elektrodengestaltung, die weiter unten noch diskutiert wird, Material des Kontaktelementes aufgeworfen und über den Draht geschoben wird.Advantageously, the groove is deeper than the diameter of the wire, although this is not absolutely necessary for carrying out the method according to the invention. It only needs to be ensured that the wire is not permanently in contact with the electrode. In particular, a painted wire would pollute the electrode and cause only short service life. Otherwise, it may well be sufficient if the wire is only about halfway in the groove, as is raised by a special electrode design, which will be discussed below, material of the contact element and pushed over the wire.
m einer besonderen Anwendungsfoπii können zwei oder mehr Drähte oder Drahtenden zum Herstellen eines elektrischen Kontaktes zwischen den Drähten oder Drahtenden in die Nut gelegt werden. Es ist, mit anderen Worten, damit möglich, auch zwischen nicht verschmelzbaren bzw. nicht verlötbaren Materialien eine elektrische Verbindung einzurichten. Das Kontaktelement kann entsprechend den Gegebenheiten ausgestattet werden. Die Nut kann im Querschnitt beispielsweise rechtwinklig, teilkreisförmig oder V-förmig ausgebildet sein, deren Innenflächen können glatt, gezahnt oder geriffelt sein, außerdem kann die Nut in Längsrichtung konvex oder geradlinig, entweder horizontal oder geneigt, oder konkav verlaufend ausgebildet sein.In a particular application, two or more wires or wire ends may be placed in the groove to make electrical contact between the wires or wire ends. In other words, it is thus possible to establish an electrical connection even between non-fusible or non-solderable materials. The contact element can be equipped according to the circumstances. The groove may be formed in cross-section, for example, rectangular, part-circular or V-shaped, the inner surfaces may be smooth, serrated or serrated, also the groove may be convex or rectilinear in the longitudinal direction, either horizontally or inclined, or concave.
Das Kontaktelement kann aus einem einzigen Material bestehen, aber auch als metallischer Grundkörper mit einer Beschichtung ausgebildet sein. Der metallische Grundkörper kann dabei beispielsweise aus Kupfer, Aluminium oder Stahl bestehen, der zumindest teilweise mit einer niedrig schmelzenden metallischen oder die elektrische Leitfähigkeit verbessernden Beschichtung versehen ist. Geeignete Bescliichtungsmaterialien sind für Kupfer oder Aluminium beispielsweise Zink oder Zinn, für Stahl bietet sich eine Beschichtung mit Kupfer an. Auch Legierungen dieser Metalle können verwendet werden, weiterhin können auch Eutektika das elektrische Übergangsverhalten zum einzubettenden Draht verbessern. Mehrere Schichten solcher Materialien sind möglich.The contact element may consist of a single material, but also be formed as a metallic base body with a coating. The metallic base body can be made of copper, aluminum or steel, for example, which is at least partially provided with a low-melting metallic or the electrical conductivity-improving coating. Suitable coating materials for copper or aluminum are, for example, zinc or tin, for steel a coating with copper is suitable. Alloys of these metals can also be used, furthermore eutectics can also improve the electrical transition behavior to the wire to be embedded. Several layers of such materials are possible.
In einer bevorzugten Ausgestaltung ist die Nut zwischen mindestens einem Paar aus zwei einander gegenüberstehenden Gabelstegen ausgebildet.In a preferred embodiment, the groove is formed between at least one pair of two opposing fork webs.
Dabei kann vorgesehen sein, daß die Gabelstege eines Paares im wesentlichen parallel zueinander stehend angeordnet sind. Allerdings ist es auch möglich, daß die Gabelstege eines Paares unter einem Winkel zueinander angeordnet sind, so daß eine in etwa V-förmige Nut ausgebildet wird.It can be provided that the fork webs of a pair are arranged substantially parallel to each other. However, it is also possible that the fork webs of a pair are arranged at an angle to each other, so that an approximately V-shaped groove is formed.
Das Kontaktelement kann weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet sein, daß es einen stiftförmigen Körper aufweist, an dessen einem frei liegenden Ende die Nut ausgebildet ist. Ein solcher stiftförmiger Körper ist insbesondere dazu ausgelegt, in die Durchgangsöffnung eines Trägerkörpers eingefügt zu werden.The contact element may further be characterized in that it comprises a pin-shaped body, on whose one free end the groove is formed. Such a pin-shaped body is in particular designed to be inserted into the passage opening of a carrier body.
Um den festen Sitz zu gewährleisten, kann ein um den Stiftkörper umlaufender, mindestens einteiliger Flansch vorgesehen sein, beispielsweise ein Ringflansch, ein Flansch mit polygonaler Umfangskontur, aber auch ein segmentierter Flansch, wobei die entsprechenden Aufhahmebereiche der Durchgangsöffhung an diese Form angepaßt sind.In order to ensure the tight fit, a rotatable about the pin body, at least one-piece flange may be provided, for example, an annular flange, a flange with polygonal peripheral contour, but also a segmented flange, wherein the corresponding Aufhahmebereiche the Durchgangsöffhung adapted to this shape.
Eine Elektrode, mit der das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren durchgeführt werden kann, ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Konkavität zur Anlage auf das Kontaktelement aufweist. "Konkavität" bedeutet dabei nicht nur eine halbkugelartige Form, sondern auch eine zylindrische, kegelartige, polygonale oder als ein flächiger Ring gestaltende Form. Es muß lediglich sichergestellt sein, daß der gewünschte Punktkontakt, Linienkontakt oder minimale Flächenkontakt zum Kontaktelement hergestellt werden kann. Es ist auch zweckmäßig, die Form derart zu wählen, daß beim Aufsetzen der Elektrode auf das Kontaktelement eine gewisse Zentrier- bzw. Positionierwirkung hervorgerufen wird.An electrode with which the method according to the invention can be carried out is characterized in that it has a concavity for contact with the contact element. "Concavity" means not only a hemispherical shape, but also a cylindrical, conical, polygonal or as a flat ring shaping form. It only needs to be ensured that the desired point contact, line contact or minimum surface contact can be made to the contact element. It is also expedient to choose the shape such that when placing the electrode on the contact element a certain centering or positioning effect is caused.
Die Gegenkontur der Elektrode bildet sich auf der Anlagefläche des Kontaktstiftes nach der Verschweißung ab. Dieses kann dazu ausgenutzt werden, durch eine Strukturierung der Innenfläche der Elektrode der sich nach dem Verschweißen gebildeten Tulpe ein charakteristisches Aussehen zu geben. Das erfmdungsgemäße Verfahren erfordert keine mechanische Nacharbeit, die ohnehin nur eine veränderte Geometrie der Kontaktelementfläche ergeben würde, aber keine Auswirkungen auf die Verbindungsqualität hat.The counter contour of the electrode is formed on the contact surface of the contact pin after the welding. This can be exploited to give a characteristic appearance by structuring the inner surface of the electrode of the tulip formed after welding. The erfmdungsgemäße method requires no mechanical rework, which would anyway only give a changed geometry of the contact element surface, but has no effect on the connection quality.
Eine Konkavität der Elektrode ist für das erfϊndungsgemäße Verfahren nicht zwingend notwendig. Wenn das Kontaktelement geeignet vorverformt ist, kann man auch mit flachen Elektroden arbeiten.A concavity of the electrode is not absolutely necessary for the erfϊndungsgemäße method. If the contact element is suitably pre-formed, one can also work with flat electrodes.
Der schon angesprochene Trägerkörper aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff, welche die mindestens eine Durchgangsöffnung zur Aufnahme jeweils eines Kontaktelementes aufweist, kann ein Schweißkörper sein, beispielsweise eine Muffe, eine Winkel, ein Reduzierstück, T- Stück oder Sattel. Trägerkörper aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff werden bevorzugt in der Heizwendelschweißtechnik eingesetzt, so daß hier die Erfindung ihre bevorzugte Anwendung finden wird. Das Material für den Trägerkörper kann dabei teilthermoplastisch oder vollthermoplastisch sein. Teilthermoplastisch wären beispielsweise Verbundmaterialien, die Verstärkungseinlagen, wie Glasfasern, Aramidfaser und dergleichen enthalten, weiterhin Pigmente. Als thermoplastische Materialien sind Polyethylen, Polypropylen oder auch Polyamid geeignet.The already mentioned support body of thermoplastic material, which has the at least one passage opening for receiving a respective contact element, may be a weld body, for example a sleeve, an angle, a reducer, T-piece or saddle. Carrier body made of thermoplastic material are preferably used in the Heizwendelschweißtechnik, so that here the invention will find their preferred application. The material for the carrier body can be teilheilhermoplastic or fully thermoplastic. Partially thermoplastic, for example, composites containing reinforcing inserts such as glass fibers, aramid fiber, and the like would still be Pigments. As thermoplastic materials are polyethylene, polypropylene or polyamide suitable.
Das Kontaktelement wird schon durch seine geometrische Ausgestaltung im wesentlichen verschiebesicher in der Durchgangsöffnung gehalten, beim elektrischen und mechanischen Verbindevorgang jedoch kann es vorgesehen sein, den Kontaktstift auf der Gegenseite zur Elektrode abzustützen. Es kann ausreichend sein, daß der Reibschluß des Kontaktelementes in der Durchgangsöffnung allein durch eine in die Durchgangsöffnung ragende Anlageschulter hervorgerufen wird. In speziellen Ausgestaltungen, die weiter unten noch genauer beschrieben, können auch weitere Bereiche des Körpers in seiner Kontur an die Durchgangsöffnung angepaßt werden.The contact element is held by its geometric configuration substantially secure against displacement in the through hole, but in the electrical and mechanical connection process, it may be provided to support the contact pin on the opposite side to the electrode. It may be sufficient that the frictional engagement of the contact element in the passage opening is caused solely by an abutment shoulder projecting into the passage opening. In special embodiments, which will be described in more detail below, also other areas of the body can be adapted in its contour to the through hole.
Es hat sich herausgestellt, daß es zweckmäßig ist, zumindest im Bereich der Nut des eingesetzten Kontaktelementes den Durchmesser der Durchgangsöffnung größer als den Durchmesser des Kontaktelementes zu wählen. Es wird nämlich damit verhindert, daß der Kunststoff in der Umgebung der Nut aufschmilzt, wenn elektrische Energie über die Elektrode eingebracht wird.It has been found that it is expedient, at least in the region of the groove of the contact element used to choose the diameter of the passage opening larger than the diameter of the contact element. It is thus prevented that the plastic melts in the vicinity of the groove when electrical energy is introduced via the electrode.
Im folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand der beigefügten Zeichnung näher erläutert werden. Es zeigt:In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:
Figur 1 eine schematisierte Teilschnittansicht einer Schweißmuffe als Trägerkörper mit einem Kontaktstift als Kontaktelement, für die das Verfahren gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung durchgeführt werden soll;Figure 1 is a schematic partial sectional view of a welding sleeve as a carrier body with a contact pin as a contact element, for which the method according to the present invention is to be performed;
Figur 2 eine Ansicht ähnlich der Figur 1 mit dem in die Aufnahmeöffnung eingelassenen Kontaktstift;Figure 2 is a view similar to Figure 1 with the recessed in the receiving opening contact pin;
Figur 3 eine Ansicht ähnlich der Figur 2, bei der der Kontaktstift in seiner Endposition in der Schweißmuffe liegt; Figur 4 eine Ansicht der Schweißmuffe mit Kontaktstift und herangefahrenerFigure 3 is a view similar to Figure 2, in which the contact pin is in its end position in the welding sleeve; Figure 4 is a view of the welding sleeve with contact pin and approached
Elektrode;Electrode;
Figur 5 eine Ansicht, bei der die Elektrode auf dem Kontaktstift aufliegt;Figure 5 is a view in which the electrode rests on the contact pin;
Figur 6 eine Ansicht, die den Warmpreßvorgang verdeutlichen soll;Figure 6 is a view intended to illustrate the hot pressing process;
Figur 7 eine Ansicht ähnlich der der Figur 6 bei fortgeschrittenem Warmpreßvorgang;Figure 7 is a view similar to Figure 6 in advanced hot pressing;
Figur 8 eine Ansicht ähnlich der der Figur 7, bei der der Warmpreßvorgang weitgehend abgeschlossen ist;Figure 8 is a view similar to Figure 7, in which the hot pressing process is largely completed;
Figur 9 eine Ansicht ähnlich der der Figur 8, mit eingeschlossenem Draht;Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 8, with the wire included;
Figur 10 eine Ansicht, die den Kühlvorgang veranschaulichen soll;Figure 10 is a view intended to illustrate the cooling process;
Figur 11 eine Ansicht mit sich entfernender Elektrode und vollständig eingebundenemFigure 11 is a view with removing electrode and fully integrated
Draht; undWire; and
Figur 12 eine Variante, bei der Vollkörper verwendet wird;Figure 12 shows a variant in which solid body is used;
Figur 13 eine Anzahl möglicher Geometrien für die Nut 40;Figure 13 shows a number of possible geometries for the groove 40;
Figur 14 Varianten für die Geometrien von Gabelstegen; undFigure 14 variants for the geometries of fork webs; and
Figur 15 ein Schliffbild einer nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Kontaktstelle.FIG. 15 shows a micrograph of a contact point produced by the method according to the invention.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren wird im folgenden anhand eines in eine Schweißmuffe als Trägerkörper eingesetzten Kontaktstiftes beschrieben; es ist aber nicht auf diese Ausführungsform beschränkt. Andere mögliche Trägerkörper sind Winkel, Reduzierstücke, T-Stücke, Sattel und dergleichen, insbesondere solche Schweißkörper, die im Zusammenhang mit der Heizwendelschweißtechnik eingesetzt werden. Auch ist es möglich, die Verbindung des Kontaktelementes mit dem Draht völlig ohne Trägerkörper oder mit nichtmetallischem Trägerkörper durchzurühren. Bei metallischem Trägerkörper sind hier bevorzugt lackierte Drähte zu verwenden. Es ist auch möglich, den Draht mit einem Kontaktelement, beispielsweise einem Kontaktstift, direkt zu verbinden und danach in einen Trägerkörper, z. B. aus thermoplastischem Material, zu integrieren. Auch können Drahtenden oder durchgehende Drähte verarbeitet werden. Durch Ausformung einer Schneide, die direkt an der Elektrode vorgesehen sein kann, kann der Draht abgelängt werden. Als Material für den Draht kommen beispielsweise Aluminium, Kupfer, Eisen, Konstantan, Legierungsdraht und dergleichen in Frage.The method according to the invention will be described below with reference to a contact pin inserted in a welding sleeve as a carrier body; but it is not limited to this embodiment. Other possible support bodies are angles, reducers, tees, saddles and the like, in particular those welds associated with be used with the Heizwendelschweißtechnik. It is also possible to stir the connection of the contact element with the wire completely without carrier body or with non-metallic carrier body. In the case of a metallic carrier body, it is preferable to use painted wires. It is also possible to connect the wire with a contact element, such as a contact pin directly and then into a carrier body, for. B. of thermoplastic material to integrate. Also wire ends or continuous wires can be processed. By forming a cutting edge, which can be provided directly on the electrode, the wire can be cut to length. As the material for the wire, for example, aluminum, copper, iron, Konstantan, alloy wire and the like come into question.
In Figur l(a) ist in schematischer Teilschnittansicht eine Schweißmuffe 10 dargestellt, die vorzugsweise aus einem thermoplastischen Kunststoff, wie Polypropylen oder Polyethylen, besteht. Die Schweißmuffe 10 weist eine Vielzahl von Kontaktstellen auf, die zur Anbindung von Drähten 20 dienen, von denen hier jedoch nur eine Kontaktstelle bzw. ein Draht dargestellt ist. Dabei liegt der Draht 20 über einem Aufnahmekanal 12, der sich zu einer Aufnahmeöffnung 16 erweitert und dabei eine zur Außenseite der Schweißmuffe 10 hin weisende Anlageschulter 14 definiert. Die Aufnahmeöffnung 16 ist im wesentlichen durch einen ringförmigen Ansatz 18 an die Schweißmuffe 10 begrenzt, und nur hier teilweise, beispielsweise zu einem Viertel, in die Schweißmuffe 10 eingearbeitet. Andere Ausgestaltungen sind möglich, so daß auch auf den Ansatz 18 verzichtet werden kann. Aufhahmekanal 12 und Aufnahmeöffnung 16 bilden eine Durchgangsöffnung, in die, wie in Figur 1 nur angedeutet ist, ein Kontaktstift 30 einzusetzen ist. Dieser Kontaktstift 30 soll nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren einen elektrisch praktisch widerstandsfreien Übergang zu dem Draht 20 bilden und selbst die Verbindung zu einer Stromquelle herstellen. Wie es aus Figur 1 ersichtlich ist, liegt der Draht 20 etwas oberhalb der Innenfläche der Schweißmuffe 10, so daß seine Lage optisch, beispielsweise mittels einer Kamera, überwacht werden kann.In Figure l (a) is a schematic partial sectional view of a welding sleeve 10 is shown, which preferably consists of a thermoplastic material such as polypropylene or polyethylene. The welding sleeve 10 has a plurality of contact points, which serve to connect wires 20, of which, however, only one contact point or a wire is shown here. In this case, the wire 20 is located above a receiving channel 12, which widens to a receiving opening 16, thereby defining a contact shoulder 14 pointing towards the outside of the welding sleeve 10. The receiving opening 16 is essentially limited by an annular projection 18 to the welding sleeve 10, and only partially, for example, to a quarter, incorporated into the welding sleeve 10. Other embodiments are possible, so that it is also possible to dispense with the projection 18. Aufhahmekanal 12 and receiving opening 16 form a through hole into which, as indicated in Figure 1 only, a contact pin 30 is inserted. This contact pin 30 is to form an electrically virtually resistance-free transition to the wire 20 according to the inventive method and even make the connection to a power source. As can be seen from Figure 1, the wire 20 is slightly above the inner surface of the welding sleeve 10, so that its position can be optically monitored, for example by means of a camera.
Figur l(b) zeigt, wie der Draht 20 quer über dem Aufnahmekanal 12 liegt. Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist so tolerant, daß auch Abweichungen von dieser bevorzugten Ausrichtung die Durchführung des Verfahrens nicht gefährden, beispielsweise kann der Draht auch diagonal über der Öffnung des Aufhahmekanals 12 oder im Aufhahmekanal 12 liegen, gewellt einliegen oder gestaucht sein.FIG. 1 (b) shows how the wire 20 lies across the receiving channel 12. The method according to the invention is so tolerant that deviations from this preferred orientation do not jeopardize the implementation of the method, for example, the wire also diagonally above the opening of Aufhahmekanals 12 or in Aufhahmekanal 12, curled einliegen or compressed.
Es ist auch möglich, den Bereich 36 des Körpers so auszubilden, daß er mit den Gabelstegen 42, 44 fluchtet oder in anderer Art abgestuft ausgebildet ist. Wesentlich ist, daß, wie in Figur 3 gezeigt, ein Ringraum 38 vorgesehen ist, der thermisch isolierend wirkt.It is also possible, the region 36 of the body in such a way that it is aligned with the fork webs 42, 44 or graduated in other ways. It is essential that, as shown in Figure 3, an annular space 38 is provided which acts thermally insulating.
Figur 2 zeigt den Kontaktstift 30, wie er mit seinem Körper 32 in die Aufhahmeöffnung 16 der Schweißmuffe 10 eingelassen ist. Der Durchmesser des Körpers 32 ist deutlich geringer als der der Aufnahmeöffhung 16, allerdings weist der Körper 32 einen umlaufenden Ringflansch 34 auf, der so dimensioniert ist, daß der Kontaktstift 30 zwar verschiebebeweglich, aber dennoch reibfest in der Aufnahmeöffnung 16 sitzt. Oberhalb des umlaufenden Ringflansches 34 weist der Kontaktstift einen Bereich 36 auf, welcher einen Durchmesser hat, der an den Durchmesser des Aufnahmekanals 12 angepaßt ist. Auf diesem vergrößerten Bereich 36 befinden sich zwei einander gegenüberstehende Gabelstege 42, 44, die zwischen sich eine Nut 40 freilassen, in der später der Draht 20 aufgenommen werden soll.FIG. 2 shows the contact pin 30, as it is inserted with its body 32 into the receiving opening 16 of the welding sleeve 10. The diameter of the body 32 is significantly less than that of the Aufnahmeöffhung 16, however, the body 32 has a circumferential annular flange 34 which is dimensioned so that the contact pin 30 while displaceably, but non-friction sits in the receiving opening 16. Above the peripheral annular flange 34, the contact pin has a region 36 which has a diameter which is adapted to the diameter of the receiving channel 12. In this enlarged area 36 there are two opposing fork webs 42, 44, which leave a groove 40 between them, in which the wire 20 is to be accommodated later.
Figur 3(a) zeigt den Kontaktstift 30, wie er in seiner Endposition in der Schweißmuffe 10 sitzt. Der um den Körper 32 des Kontaktstiftes 30 umlaufende Ringflansch 34, hier geschlossen ausgeführt, es ist aber auch eine segmentierte Gestaltung des Ringflansches möglich, liegt an der Anlageschulter 14 der Aufhahmeöffnung 16. Der über dem umlaufenden Ringflansch 34 befindliche vergrößerte Bereich 36 sitzt eng in dem Aufnahmekanal 12 und füllt diesen über etwa die Hälfte seiner Höhe aus. Im Übergangsbereich zu den Gabelstegen ist eine Stufe 38 ausgebildet, so daß die Gabelstege 42, 44 zu der sie umgebenden Schweißmuffe 10 einen gewissen Abstand einhalten, wobei der dadurch gebildete Ringraum 38 dazu dienen soll, später beim Schweißvorgang den umgebenden Kunststoff der Schweißmuffe 10 vor unerwünschter thermischer Belastung zu schützen. Die Gabelstege 42, 44 ragen über die Innenfläche der Schweißmuffe 10 hinaus und bilden eine Positionierhilfe, die später noch im Zusammenhang mit Figur 5 näher erläutert wird. Andere Ausführungsformen sind denkbar, bei denen die Gabelstege 42, 44 mehr oder weniger in den Aufhahmekanal 12 versenkt sind. Die genaue Ausgestaltung kann abhängig sein von der gewünschten Führung des Drahtes 20 in bezug auf die Schweißmuffe 10 bzw. den Kontaktstift 30.FIG. 3 (a) shows the contact pin 30 as it sits in its end position in the welding sleeve 10. The surrounding around the body 32 of the contact pin 30 annular flange 34, executed here closed, but it is also a segmented design of the annular flange possible, is located on the contact shoulder 14 of the receiving opening 16. The located above the peripheral annular flange 34 enlarged area 36 sits tight in the Receiving channel 12 and fills this over about half its height. In the transition region to the fork webs, a step 38 is formed, so that the fork webs 42, 44 comply with the surrounding welding sleeve 10 a certain distance, the annular space 38 formed thereby is to serve later in the welding process, the surrounding plastic of the welding sleeve 10 from unwanted to protect thermal load. The fork webs 42, 44 protrude beyond the inner surface of the welding sleeve 10 and form a positioning aid, which will be explained later in connection with Figure 5 in more detail. Other embodiments are conceivable in which the fork webs 42, 44 are sunk more or less in the receiving channel 12. The exact configuration may depend on the desired guidance of the wire 20 with respect to the welding sleeve 10 and the contact pin 30th
Figur 3(b) zeigt, wie der Draht 20 lose zwischen den Gabelstegen 42, 44 liegt. Für das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren ist ein Verklemmen des Drahtes 20 weder erforderlich noch erwünscht. Das lose Einlegen des Drahtes 20 gewährleistet vielmehr, daß später nach der Kontaktierung der Drahtquerschnitt unversehrt bleibt. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine ideale Nieder- und Hochbestromungsfestigkeit der mit dem erfmdungsgemäßen Verfahren generierten Flächenübergänge zwischen Draht und Kontaktstift bzw. der Kontaktierung.Figure 3 (b) shows how the wire 20 lies loosely between the fork bars 42,44. For the inventive method jamming of the wire 20 is neither required nor desired. The loose insertion of the wire 20 ensures rather that later remains intact after contacting the wire cross-section. This results in an ideal low and Hochbestromungsfestigkeit generated by the inventive method area transitions between wire and pin or the contact.
Figur 4 zeigt, wie eine an einem Halter 50 befindliche Elektrode 52 so über das ins Innere der Schweißmuffe 10 ragende Ende des Kontaktstiftes 30 gezeigt wird, daß die Elektrode 52 mit den Gabelstegen im wesentlichen ausgerichtet ist. Anschließend, wie in Figur 5 gezeigt, wird der Halter 50 mit der Elektrode 52 so weit abgesenkt, bis die konkave Innenfläche 54 auf den Gabelstegen 42, 44 aufliegt und mit ihnen einen Linienkontakt bildet, wie er schematisch durch das Bezugszeichen A angedeutet ist. Linienkontakt bedeutet dabei, daß zwischen der Elektrode 52 und den Gabelstegen 42, 44 eine schmale Grenzfläche gebildet wird, die das Fließen derart hoher Ströme ermöglicht, daß das Temperaturniveau der Gabelstege 42, 44 durch die mechanische und/oder elektrische zugeführte Energie ansteigt, hierbei die Festigkeit der Gabelstege 42, 44 reduziert wird und sie somit teigig werden und sich verformen können. Dies ist in Figur 6 deutlicher zu sehen. Für den Stromfluß ist zumindest ein Punktkontakt erforderlich, besser mehrere Punktkontakte, idealerweise sollte der schon angesprochene Linien- oder Flächenkontakt gebildet werden, wodurch der verfahrensspezifische mechanische und elektrische Einfluß auf die Elektrode reduziert und somit deren Standzeit verbessert wird. Unter Einfluß eines Stromflusses oder mehrerer Stromflüsse oder Stromimpulse, die abhängig von der gewählten Geometrie der Gabelstege 42, 44 und deren Material angepaßt werden, deformieren sich die Gabelstege 42, 44. Bei den im Ausführungsbeispiel verwendeten Geometrien und Materialien für Kontaktstift 30 und Draht 20 wird bei einer Spitzenleistung von 5 kW mit einer effektiven Leistung von 2 kW in einer Zeit von etwa 0.5 sec (mit durchaus möglichen Abweichungen im Bereich von +/- 0.3 sec) eine elektrische Arbeit von 0.2 Wh benötigt. Es deformieren sich die Gabelstege 42, 44, wobei, begünstigt durch die konkave Innenfläche 54 der Elektrode 52, ein Verdrängen des Gabelstegmaterials in die Nut 40 gefördert wird. Bei weiterem Fortgang des elektrischen Verformungsvorganges, in Figur 7 veranschaulicht, wird der Draht 20 zwischen den Gabelstegen 42, 44 gehalten und schließlich, wie in Figur 8 zu sehen, von diesen vollständig umschlossen. Figur 9 zeigt den abgeschlossenen Verformungsvorgang, bei dem der Draht 20 mit im wesentlichen unversehrtem Querschnitt zwischen den nun deformierten Gabelstegen 42, 44 verpreßt ist. Die ehemals frei liegenden Enden der Gabelstege 42, 44 sind dabei miteinander verschweißt, so daß praktisch keine rückstellende Kraft wirksam werden kann, die den Draht unbeabsichtigt frei gibt.FIG. 4 shows how an electrode 52 located on a holder 50 is shown via the end of the contact pin 30 projecting into the interior of the welding sleeve 10 in such a way that the electrode 52 is substantially aligned with the fork webs. Subsequently, as shown in Figure 5, the holder 50 is lowered with the electrode 52 until the concave inner surface 54 rests on the fork webs 42, 44 and forms a line contact with them, as indicated schematically by the reference numeral A. Line contact means that between the electrode 52 and the fork webs 42, 44, a narrow interface is formed, which allows the flow of such high currents that the temperature level of the fork webs 42, 44 increases by the mechanical and / or electrical energy supplied, in this case Strength of the fork webs 42, 44 is reduced and they thus doughy and can deform. This can be seen more clearly in FIG. For the current flow at least one point contact is required, better several point contacts, ideally, the already mentioned line or surface contact should be formed, whereby the process-specific mechanical and electrical influence on the electrode is reduced and thus their life is improved. Under the influence of a current flow or multiple current flows or current pulses, which are adapted depending on the selected geometry of the fork webs 42, 44 and their material, deform the fork webs 42, 44. In the embodiments used in the embodiment of the contact pin 30 and wire 20 and materials At a peak power of 5 kW with an effective power of 2 kW in a time of about 0.5 sec (with quite possible deviations in the range of +/- 0.3 sec) requires an electrical work of 0.2 Wh. It deforms the fork webs 42, 44, wherein, favored by the concave inner surface 54 of the electrode 52, a displacement of the Fork material is conveyed into the groove 40. As the electrical deformation process proceeds, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the wire 20 is held between the fork legs 42, 44 and finally, as seen in FIG. 8, completely enclosed by the latter. Figure 9 shows the completed deformation process in which the wire 20 is compressed with substantially intact cross section between the now deformed fork webs 42, 44. The formerly exposed ends of the fork webs 42, 44 are welded together, so that virtually no restoring force can be effective, which unintentionally releases the wire.
Gemäß Figur 10 wird anschließend ein optionaler Kühlvorgang eingeleitet, symbolisiert durch den strichlierten Pfeil B, anschließend wird, wie in Figur 11 zu sehen, die Elektrode 52 weggefahren. Der Kontaktstift 30 liegt nun mit fest eingebundenem Draht 20 in der Schweißmuffe 10. Es hat sich gezeigt, daß zwischen Kontaktstift 30 und Draht 20 kein meßbarer Kontaktübergangswiderstand vorliegt, obwohl mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren durchaus Materialien behandelt werden können, die sich nicht verschweißen lassen, da die Kontaktierung durch Verpressen erfolgt, wobei durch die in das System induzierte Energie und deren thermischer Einfluß das hier beschriebene Verfahren begünstigt werden kann.According to FIG. 10, an optional cooling process is subsequently initiated, symbolized by the dashed arrow B, and subsequently, as can be seen in FIG. 11, the electrode 52 is moved away. The contact pin 30 is now with firmly integrated wire 20 in the welding sleeve 10. It has been shown that there is no measurable contact contact resistance between the contact pin 30 and wire 20, although with the inventive method quite materials can be treated, which can not be welded because the contacting is effected by pressing, whereby the method described here can be promoted by the energy induced in the system and its thermal influence.
Figur 12 zeigt eine Variante, bei der ein Draht 20 in Vollmaterial 60 verpreßt wird, d. h. ein Teil des Vollmaterials übernimmt die Funktion des Kontaktelementes, welches in der in den Figuren 1 bis 11 dargestellten Ausführungsform durch den Kontaktstift 30 verkörpert war. Der Draht 20 liegt in einer entsprechenden Nut lose ein und wird dann durch Absenken einer Elektrode, ähnlich der der Figur 4, innig mit dem Vollmaterial verpreßt.Figure 12 shows a variant in which a wire 20 is pressed in solid material 60, d. H. a part of the solid material assumes the function of the contact element, which was embodied in the embodiment shown in Figures 1 to 11 by the contact pin 30. The wire 20 is loosely in a corresponding groove and is then pressed by lowering an electrode, similar to that of Figure 4, intimately with the solid material.
Figur 13 zeigt eine Anzahl möglicher Geometrien für die Nut 40. Der Boden x der Nut 40 kann dabei konvex oder konkav gewölbt sein, geradlinig sein oder mit einer Zahnung oder Riffelung versehen sein. Ähnliches gilt für die Seitenwand y der Nut, die in bezug auf den Boden x senkrecht, nach außen geneigt oder nach innen geneigt gestaltet sein kann und unterschiedliche Oberflächenstrukturen aufweisen kann. In Längsrichtung z der Nut 40 sind weiterhin diverse Gestaltungen möglich, beispielhaft gezeigt ist eine konkave Ausnehmung, ohne und mit Riffelung, eine gerade Gestaltung oder auch ein unregelmäßiges Profil bzw. ein konvexer Verlauf. Ähnlich variable Ausgestaltungen sind im Nutgrund r und an der Nutkante q möglich. Die in den Figuren angegebenen Darstellungen sind lediglich beispielhaft.Figure 13 shows a number of possible geometries for the groove 40. The bottom x of the groove 40 may be curved convex or concave, be rectilinear or be provided with a toothing or corrugation. The same applies to the side wall y of the groove, which may be perpendicular with respect to the bottom x, outwardly inclined or inclined inwards and may have different surface structures. In the longitudinal direction z of the groove 40 various designs are still possible, by way of example is shown a concave recess, with and without corrugation, a straight design or an irregular profile or a convex course. Similarly variable configurations are possible in the groove bottom r and at the groove edge q. The illustrations given in the figures are merely exemplary.
Schließlich zeigt Figur 14, wie die Geometrie der Gabelstege 42, 44 variiert werden kann. Die Innenfläche der Gabelstege - hier ist beispielhaft nur der Gabelsteg 42 dargestellt - richtet sich nach der gewünschten Geometrie der Nut 40. Bei der Außenfläche des Gabelsteges 42 besteht weitgehende Gestaltungsfreiheit, abhängig von den Umgebungsbedingungen und dem möglichen Biegeverhalten des Materials des Gabelsteges 42. Die Darstellungen im Teilbild (a) sind Schnittansichten, beispielsweise kann ein Gabelsteg im Schnitt konkav gekrümmt bzw. in unterschiedlicher Dicke ausgeführt sein, wie in den Darstellungen (1) und (2) gezeigt, rechtwinklig aufragend, wie in Darstellung (3), dabei auch sich von der Nut weg erstreckend, wie in Darstellung (4) und in einer Abwandlung in Darstellung (5). Die freiliegende Fläche der Gabelstege muß nicht horizontal sein, sondern kann auch nach innen zur Nut hin ansteigen oder abfallen, wie in den Darstellungen (6) und (7) veranschaulicht. Teilbild (b) zeigt eine Draufsicht auf die Stirnflächen der Gabelstege, die entsprechend den Darstellungen (8), (9) und (10) mit unregelmäßiger Kontur ausgestaltet sein können.Finally, FIG. 14 shows how the geometry of the fork webs 42, 44 can be varied. The inner surface of the fork webs - here, for example, only the fork web 42 is shown - depends on the desired geometry of the groove 40. In the outer surface of the fork web 42 is extensive freedom of design, depending on the environmental conditions and the possible bending behavior of the material of the fork web 42. The representations in the image (a) are sectional views, for example, a fork web can be concavely curved or executed in different thickness, as shown in the illustrations (1) and (2), right-angled, as in representation (3), thereby also extending away from the groove, as in illustration (4) and in a modification in illustration (5). The exposed surface of the fork webs need not be horizontal but may also rise or fall inwardly towards the groove, as illustrated in Figures (6) and (7). Panel (b) shows a plan view of the end faces of the fork webs, which can be configured according to the representations (8), (9) and (10) with irregular contour.
Kombinationen aller beschriebenen Geometrien sind möglich.Combinations of all described geometries are possible.
Figur 15 zeigt ein Schliffbild einer mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Kontaktstelle. Durch die mechanische und elektrische Verformung sind die Gabelstege des Kontaktstiftes zu einer Tulpe 80 zusanimengeführt, in die der Draht 20 eingebettet ist.FIG. 15 shows a micrograph of a contact point produced by the method according to the invention. Due to the mechanical and electrical deformation of the fork webs of the contact pin are zusanimengeführt to a tulip 80, in which the wire 20 is embedded.
Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung, in der Zeichnung sowie in den Ansprüchen offenbarten Merkmale der Erfindung können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebiger Kombination für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung wesentlich sein. The features of the invention disclosed in the foregoing description, in the drawing and in the claims may be essential for the realization of the invention both individually and in any desired combination.

Claims

Patentansprüche : Claims:
1. Verfahren zum Verbinden mindestens eines Drahtes (20) mit einem Kontaktelement (30) zum Anschließen des Drahtes an eine Stromquelle, mit den Schritten:A method of connecting at least one wire (20) to a contact element (30) for connecting the wire to a power source, comprising the steps of:
a) Bereitstellen eines Kontaktelementes (30), welches eine Nut (40) für die Aufnahme mindestens eines Drahtes (20) aufweist; b) Einlegen des Drahtes (20) in die Nut (40) des Kontaktelementes (30); c) Absenken einer Elektrode (52) auf das Kontaktelement (30);a) providing a contact element (30) having a groove (40) for receiving at least one wire (20); b) inserting the wire (20) into the groove (40) of the contact element (30); c) lowering an electrode (52) onto the contact element (30);
gekennzeichnet durchmarked by
d) Heizen der Umgebung der Nut (40) durch die Elektrode (52); dabei gleichzeitig Deformieren der Umgebung der Nut (40) durch die Elektrode (52), so daß der in der Nut (40) liegende Draht (20) verklemmt wird.d) heating the vicinity of the groove (40) through the electrode (52); while simultaneously deforming the vicinity of the groove (40) by the electrode (52), so that in the groove (40) lying wire (20) is jammed.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß im Schritt c) ein Punktkontakt, Linienkontakt oder minimaler Flächenkontakt zwischen Kontaktelement (30) und Elektrode (52) hergestellt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that in step c) a point contact, line contact or minimal surface contact between the contact element (30) and electrode (52) is produced.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß anschließend an den Schritt d) der Schritt3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that subsequent to step d) the step
e) Kühlen des deformierten Kontaktelementes (30)e) cooling the deformed contact element (30)
vorgenommen wird.is made.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nut (40) tiefer ist als der Durchmesser des Drahtes (20). 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the groove (40) is deeper than the diameter of the wire (20).
5. Verfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei oder mehr Drähte (20) oder Drahtenden zum Herstellen eines elektrischen Kontaktes zwischen den Drähten oder Drahtenden in die Nut (40) gelegt werden.5. The method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that two or more wires (20) or wire ends for making electrical contact between the wires or wire ends are placed in the groove (40).
6. Kontaktelement zur Durchfuhrung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nut (40) im Querschnitt rechtwinklig, teilkreisförmig oder V-förmig ausgebildet ist.6. Contact element for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the groove (40) is formed in cross-section at right angles, part-circular or V-shaped.
7. Kontaktelement nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Innenflächen der Nut (40) glatt, gezahnt oder geriffelt ausgebildet sind.7. Contact element according to claim 5, characterized in that the inner surfaces of the groove (40) are smooth, serrated or serrated.
8. Kontaktelement nach Anspruch 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nut (40) in Längsrichtung konvex oder geradlinig, entweder horizontal oder geneigt, oder konkav verlaufend ausgebildet ist.8. Contact element according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the groove (40) is formed in the longitudinal direction convex or rectilinear, either horizontal or inclined, or concave.
9. Kontaktelement nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Nut (40) zwischen mindestens einem Paar aus zwei einander gegenüberstehenden Gabelstegen (42, 44) ausgebildet ist.9. Contact element according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that the groove (40) between at least one pair of two opposing fork webs (42, 44) is formed.
10. Kontaktelement nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gabelstege (42, 44) eines Paares im wesentlichen parallel zueinander stehend angeordnet sind.10. Contact element according to claim 9, characterized in that the fork webs (42, 44) of a pair are arranged substantially parallel to each other standing.
11. Kontaktelement nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Gabelstege (42, 44) eines Paares unter einem Winkel zueinander ausgebildet sind.11. Contact element according to claim 9, characterized in that the fork webs (42, 44) of a pair are formed at an angle to each other.
12. Kontaktelement nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es einen stiftförmigen Körper (32, 36) aufweist, an dessen einem freiliegenden Ende die Nut (40) ausgebildet ist.12. Contact element according to one of claims 6 to 11, characterized in that it comprises a pin-shaped body (32, 36), at whose one exposed end the groove (40) is formed.
13. Kontaktelement nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein um den stiftförmigen Körper (32, 36) umlaufender, mindestens einteiliger Flansch (34) vorgesehen ist. 13. Contact element according to claim 12, characterized in that a to the pin-shaped body (32, 36) encircling, at least one-piece flange (34) is provided.
14. Kontaktelement nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein metallischer Grundkörper, beispielsweise aus Kupfer, Aluminium oder Stahl, zumindest teilweise mit einer niedrigschmelzenden oder die elektrische Leitfähigkeit verbessernden metallischen Beschichtung, wie Zink, Zinn, Kupfer, Legierungen daraus und/oder Eutektika versehen ist.14. Contact element according to one of claims 6 to 13, characterized in that a metallic base body, for example made of copper, aluminum or steel, at least partially with a low-melting or electrical conductivity-improving metallic coating, such as zinc, tin, copper, alloys thereof and / or eutectic is provided.
15. Elektrode zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie eine Konkavität zur Anlage auf das Kontaktelement (30) aufweist.15. electrode for carrying out the method according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that it has a concave to rest on the contact element (30).
16. Trägerkörper aus thermoplastischem Kunststoff, mit mindestens einer Durchgangsöffnung (12, 16) zur Aufnahme jeweils eines Kontaktelementes (30) nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 11.16 carrier body made of thermoplastic material, with at least one passage opening (12, 16) for receiving in each case a contact element (30) according to one of claims 6 to 11.
17. Trägerkörper nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Kontaktelement (30) durch seine geometrische Ausgestaltung im wesentlichen verschiebesicher in der Durchgangsöffnung (12, 16) gehalten ist.17. Carrier body according to claim 16, characterized in that the contact element (30) by its geometric configuration substantially non-displaceable in the passage opening (12, 16) is held.
18. Trägerkörper nach Anspruch 16 oder 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Durchgangsöffnung (12, 16) eine in die Durchgangsöffnung ragende Anlageschulter (14) aufweist.18. Carrier body according to claim 16 or 17, characterized in that the passage opening (12, 16) has a projecting into the passage opening abutment shoulder (14).
19. Trägerkörper nach einem der Ansprüche 16 bis 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest im Bereich der Nut (40) des eingesetzten Kontaktelementes (30) der Durchmesser der Durchgangsöffnung (12) größer ist als der Durchmesser des Kontaktelementes (30). 19. Carrier body according to one of claims 16 to 18, characterized in that at least in the region of the groove (40) of the inserted contact element (30), the diameter of the passage opening (12) is greater than the diameter of the contact element (30).
EP05759904A 2004-07-07 2005-06-24 Method for connecting at least one wire to a contact element Not-in-force EP1766734B1 (en)

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DE102004032740B4 (en) 2006-05-18
US20080155823A1 (en) 2008-07-03
KR20070033020A (en) 2007-03-23
IL180337A (en) 2010-12-30
ATE414340T1 (en) 2008-11-15
CN101015099A (en) 2007-08-08
PL1766734T3 (en) 2009-07-31
DE502005005963D1 (en) 2008-12-24
RU2337442C1 (en) 2008-10-27
WO2006005291A1 (en) 2006-01-19
KR101070347B1 (en) 2011-10-06
EP1766734B1 (en) 2008-11-12
IL180337A0 (en) 2007-07-04

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