EP1762694A2 - Metal ladder and method of manufacture thereof - Google Patents

Metal ladder and method of manufacture thereof Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1762694A2
EP1762694A2 EP06291438A EP06291438A EP1762694A2 EP 1762694 A2 EP1762694 A2 EP 1762694A2 EP 06291438 A EP06291438 A EP 06291438A EP 06291438 A EP06291438 A EP 06291438A EP 1762694 A2 EP1762694 A2 EP 1762694A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
ladder
upright
cross
central portion
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP06291438A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1762694A3 (en
EP1762694B1 (en
Inventor
Patrick Lachant
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CDH Group SAS
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Centaure SA
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D—WORKING OR PROCESSING OF SHEET METAL OR METAL TUBES, RODS OR PROFILES WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21D39/00—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders
    • B21D39/06—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes in openings, e.g. rolling-in
    • B21D39/063—Application of procedures in order to connect objects or parts, e.g. coating with sheet metal otherwise than by plating; Tube expanders of tubes in openings, e.g. rolling-in for assembling ladders
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06C—LADDERS
    • E06C7/00—Component parts, supporting parts, or accessories
    • E06C7/08—Special construction of longitudinal members, or rungs or other treads
    • E06C7/082—Connections between rungs or treads and longitudinal members
    • E06C7/085—Connections between rungs or treads and longitudinal members achieved by deforming the rung or the stile

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the rigid assembly of a tubular metal element to a flat metal element.
  • the present invention finds particular application to the fixing of rungs on rails, for metal ladders.
  • Metal ladders are here structures with two amounts (the longitudinal members) interconnected by bars (the steps) fixed at predetermined intervals.
  • metal ladders here refers to structures of the general type above, whose bars serve as degrees for going up or down, these structures being called scales in the common language and can be of several varieties, for example sliding ladder, interlocking ladder, crinoline ladder.
  • metal ladder here also refers to cable ladders.
  • metal ladder here also refers scaffolding ladders, that is to say the side scaffolding uprights, these amounts comprising longitudinal members and crosspieces. These lateral amounts allow, if necessary, to go up or down on the scaffolding.
  • sealing is meant here any temporary building or structure, fixed or movable, facilitating access to works and carrying out work.
  • the invention more specifically relates to the cold mechanical connection of the ladder ladders ladders scaffolding.
  • the assembly by screwing the rungs on the spars is long and expensive. There is a risk of accidental or malicious unscrewing.
  • the stapling of the rungs to the longitudinal members requires at the ends of the rungs tongues, tenons, pins, or the like may be engaged in slots provided for this purpose in the longitudinal members, and then deformed using a tool of crimping.
  • the document FR-2,478,891 proposes that at least a portion of the rungs protrude through an orifice of longitudinal members, the permanent mounting of the rungs on the longitudinal members being ensured by deformation of the projecting parts of the rungs, by means of a crimping tool.
  • the document FR-2 300 887 describes the assembly of rungs provided with lugs penetrating in housings or openings formed on the longitudinal members, a hydraulic device then coming, at the right of each rung, to punch a flat in the spar, the edge of the lower tear of this flat abutting against the upper part of the rung.
  • the document FR-2 709 528 proposes the establishment of blocking parts, by force, to block the rungs in their nesting position.
  • the process described in the document FR-2 709 528 proves long and expensive.
  • the rungs are conventionally provided, on their two lateral ends, with at least one restraint coming to engage in the bores of the uprights.
  • the end of these retreints protrudes on the outer face of the uprights. It is deformed by crimping, or else by rolling, tulip, or stamping.
  • the simple crimping leads to the deformation of the retreint on the external face of the amount. Double crimping, performed both on the outer face and on the inner face of the upright is naturally stronger than the simple crimping, since it allows clamping on both sides of the wall of the upright.
  • the dudgeon is conventionally mechanical and comprises a barrel, pebbles or needles and a conical pin.
  • the conical pin (or dudgeon tail) advances inside the profile forming the rung.
  • This spindle is rotated by a machine dégeonneuse, electric or pneumatic.
  • the spindle increases the circumference of the rollers while rotating them.
  • the rollers thus cause the expansion of the profile forming the rung.
  • This expansion is performed while the profile forming the rung has been introduced into an opening in the ladder upright. It is thus possible to form beads on the rung, these beads being placed on either side of at least one of the walls of the ladder upright.
  • the flattening of the lateral ends of the rungs also causes a protuberance between the flattened area and the circular central portion of the rung. This protrusion may interfere or make less secure the assembly of the steps to the amounts.
  • the random shape of the flattened section of the rungs makes it difficult to control the subsequent play in the link from the rung to the rung.
  • the document FR 2,795,127 proposes a metal scaffold ladder in which the flattened end of the rung is pulled into the jamb.
  • the invention aims to solve the technical problems presented before.
  • the invention relates, in a first aspect, to a metal ladder, comprising at least one step and two uprights, this step being provided with a central portion and two end portions, at least one of the two parts extremes having, when viewed in cross-section, external dimensions different from the external dimensions of the central portion, also measured in cross-section, said end portion being of substantially reduced geometrical shape in a ratio homothetic to that of the central part, a zone of connection being defined between the central part and said end part, this connection area reproducing the geometry of the intersection between the part central level and at least one amount.
  • the end portions of the rung and the zones of connection of these end portions with the central part of the rung are provided with ridges extending substantially in the direction of slenderness of the rung. These streaks form a non-slip surface. These grooves reinforce the locking of the step in the mounting holes on the uprights.
  • the step is provided with two planes of symmetry substantially perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the cross section of the step.
  • said end portion of the rung has external dimensions smaller than those of said central portion, these dimensions being measured in cross-section of the rung.
  • connection zone is at least partly wedged in a hole of the upright, on the internal face of the scale, while said end portion of the step protrudes beyond said upright, this projecting part being plastically deformed. by being pressed against the wall of the upright, on the outer face of the ladder.
  • the end portions of the rungs are provided with internal notches.
  • the amounts are of circular, oval or polygonal cross section, at least said step being of oval, circular or polygonal section.
  • the invention relates to a method of mounting a ladder as presented above, at least one step being fitted into a through-hole of a post, the end portion of this step projecting from external face of the amount, the plastic deformation of this projecting portion from pressing the amount against said connection area.
  • Plastic deformation is ensured by rolling, interlocking, tilting, crimping, for example in the direction of clockwise.
  • Scale 1 as shown in FIG. 1 comprises, in a manner well known per se, two lateral uprights 2,3 and 4 rungs.
  • the two uprights 2, 3 are substantially identical and parallel to each other. It is understood, however, that the invention also relates to ladders whose amounts are not shaped, in particular of section, identical, and / or which are not parallel over their entire length. For example, the amounts may be further apart from each other at the base of the ladder, especially to stabilize the ladder.
  • the steps 4 are substantially equidistant. It is understood however that the invention also relates to the scales are the steps are not equidistant.
  • the posts 2,3 are of circular cross section. In other embodiments, not shown, these amounts are of polygonal section, for example square, or even oval.
  • the rungs 4 are, in their part 4a located between the uprights 2, 3 of oblong cross-section and are provided with ridges or notches, as will appear more completely later with reference to FIG. 11.
  • the uprights 2, 3 and steps 4 may be steel, aluminum or aluminum alloy. They can be derived from profiling or bending / welding or rolling / welding.
  • the two extreme end portions 5 of the rungs 4 are of smaller cross-section than the cross section of the portion 4a of the rungs 4, as it clearly appears in FIGS. 3 to 5.
  • connection areas 7 between the central portion 4a of a step 4 and the end portions 5 of this step 4 have a geometry that corresponds to the contact surface intersection between this step 4 and the amounts 2,3.
  • the echelon 4 as seen in cross section in FIG. 11, is provided with folds or ridges 8. These grooves 8 make it possible in particular to prevent slipping of the user's foot or hand from the ladder. These grooves 8 are corrugations in the thickness of the profile forming the rung, the thickness of this section, measured in cross section of the rung, being substantially constant.
  • the step 4 is provided with two planes of symmetry, in the embodiment shown, these two planes being substantially perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the transverse sectional plane of FIG. 11.
  • the rung When seen in cross section, the rung is of tubular elongated shape, its outer surface being provided with ridges 8, except at its center passing through the axis XX ', where the rung is devoid of streaks over a variable distance.
  • the connecting zones 7 are provided with ridges 8, as do the lateral end portions 5, as can be seen in FIG. 5.
  • the amounts 2, 3 are provided with reservation holes 9, these holes passing through the uprights 2, 3 and these holes 9 being of substantially identical geometry to that of the end portions 5 of step 4, but of dimensions slightly greater than those of these end portions 5.
  • the length L5 of an end portion 5 is a few millimeters larger than the dimension of the upright 2, 3, this dimension being measured in line with the holes 9.
  • the protruding part, of length E, of the step 4 is then subjected to rolling, forming a collar 10. During this rolling, the collar 10 pushes the upright 2, 3 in B which is applied against the connection area 7.
  • the connecting zone 7 being provided with the notches or folds 8, the rolling leads to the wedging of the connection zone 7 in the holes 9 of the uprights, eliminating any risk of play between step 4 and upright 2, 3.
  • the step 4 is blocked by jamming of its connecting zone 7 in the wall of the upright 2, 3, in the internal part of the scale.
  • the step is at the same time rigidly tight against the amount 2, 3, the collar 10 providing a pressure of the step 4 against the amount 2, 3, external side to the scale.
  • the assembly of the steps to the uprights can be advantageously practiced simultaneously on both sides of the rungs, for example in the same clockwise direction as indicated by the arrows F of FIG. 8.
  • the extreme parts 5 of a rung, substantially reduced in a ratio homothetic to the central portion 4a of this echelon, are obtained by creep of the material in the longitudinal direction of the echelon 4 and in the direction of the grooves 8.
  • the collar 10 can be obtained by rolling and pressure under a bouterollage.
  • the method which has just been described could be adapted to circular, oval or polygonal section steps, with circular, polygonal or oval shaped uprights.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ladders (AREA)

Abstract

The ladder (1), made from tubular metal rungs (4) and uprights (2, 3), has the ends of the rungs made with a smaller cross-section than their central sections, with stepped coupling zones between them. The rung ends have oblong cross-sections and are inserted through matching holes in the ladder uprights before being fixed in place by having their outer edges rolled or crimped. In addition, the outer surfaces of the rungs are grooved to make them non-slip.

Description

L'invention concerne l'assemblage rigide d'un élément métallique tubulaire à un élément métallique plan.The invention relates to the rigid assembly of a tubular metal element to a flat metal element.

La présente invention trouve une application particulière à la fixation d'échelons sur longerons, pour des échelles métalliques.The present invention finds particular application to the fixing of rungs on rails, for metal ladders.

Par échelles métalliques, on désigne ici des structures comportant deux montants (les longerons) reliés entre eux par des barreaux (les échelons) fixés à intervalles prédéterminés.Metal ladders are here structures with two amounts (the longitudinal members) interconnected by bars (the steps) fixed at predetermined intervals.

Par échelles métalliques, on désigne ici notamment des structures du type général ci-dessus, dont les barreaux servent de degrés pour monter ou descendre, ces structures étant appelées échelles dans le langage commun et pouvant être de plusieurs variétés, par exemple échelle à coulisse, échelle emboîtable, échelle à crinoline.By metal ladders, here refers to structures of the general type above, whose bars serve as degrees for going up or down, these structures being called scales in the common language and can be of several varieties, for example sliding ladder, interlocking ladder, crinoline ladder.

Par échelle métallique, on désigne ici également des échelles à câbles.By metal ladder, here also refers to cable ladders.

Par échelle métallique, on désigne ici également les échelles d'échafaudage, c'est-à-dire les montants latéraux d'échafaudage, ces montants comprenant des longerons et des traverses. Ces montants latéraux permettent, le cas échéant, de monter ou descendre sur l'échafaudage.By metal ladder, here also refers scaffolding ladders, that is to say the side scaffolding uprights, these amounts comprising longitudinal members and crosspieces. These lateral amounts allow, if necessary, to go up or down on the scaffolding.

Par « échafaudage », on désigne ici toute construction ou bâti provisoire, fixe ou mobile, facilitant l'accès aux ouvrages et la réalisation de travaux.By "scaffolding" is meant here any temporary building or structure, fixed or movable, facilitating access to works and carrying out work.

Sont notamment concernés par la présente invention :

  • les échafaudages de pied, c'est-à-dire les échafaudages sur plans verticaux destinés aux travaux sur façades et parties en élévation ;
  • les échafaudages rapides métalliques, en éléments modulaires, parfois appelés échafaudages tubulaires ;
  • les échafaudages de plafond ou sur plans horizontaux, c'est-à-dire les échafaudages tubulaires légers, en général mobiles (roulants) et les échafaudages sur tréteaux ;
  • les échafaudages en bascule portés par des traverses étrésillonnées contre des encadrements de baies ;
  • les échafaudages en éventail portés par des potences ou pointiers inclinés reposant sur les appuis des baies et immobilisés par des entretoises ou des étrésillons.
The following are particularly concerned by the present invention:
  • foot scaffolding, ie scaffolding on vertical planes for work on facades and elevations;
  • fast metal scaffolding, in elements modular, sometimes called tubular scaffolds;
  • ceiling scaffolding or horizontal planes, ie light tubular scaffoldings, generally mobile (rolling) and scaffolding on trestles;
  • the scaffolding in tilting carried by braces girderillonnée against frames of berries;
  • Fan scaffolding carried by brackets or inclined points resting on the supports of the bays and immobilized by spacers or braces.

L'invention concerne plus spécifiquement la liaison mécanique à froid des échelons aux montants d'échelles d'échafaudage.The invention more specifically relates to the cold mechanical connection of the ladder ladders ladders scaffolding.

Dans une technique ancienne, les échelons et longerons étaient soudés. Un tel mode d'assemblage assure certes une sécurité importante contre les risques de démontage accidentel mais peut conduire à une corrosion aux points de soudure, lorsque les longerons et échelons sont en acier galvanisé avant soudage : une galvanisation réalisée avant la soudure est facilement détériorée lors du soudage. Une galvanisation post-soudage est une opération requérant un grand savoir faire lorsque les échelons et longerons présentent des sections à assembler de formes complexes.In an old technique, the rungs and spars were welded. Such a method of assembly certainly provides significant safety against the risk of accidental disassembly but may lead to corrosion at welding points, when the longitudinal members and rungs are galvanized steel before welding: a galvanization performed before welding is easily deteriorated during welding. A post-weld galvanization is an operation requiring a great deal of know-how when the rungs and spars have sections to assemble complex shapes.

L'assemblage par vissage des échelons sur les longerons est long et onéreux. Il existe un risque de dévissage accidentel ou malveillant.The assembly by screwing the rungs on the spars is long and expensive. There is a risk of accidental or malicious unscrewing.

L'agrafage des échelons aux longerons nécessite de ménager aux extrémités des échelons des languettes, tenons, ergots, ou analogues susceptibles d'être engagés dans des fentes prévues à cet effet dans les longerons, puis déformées à l'aide d'un outil de sertissage. Ainsi, par exemple, le document FR-2 478 891 propose qu'au moins une partie des échelons fasse saillie à travers un orifice des longerons, le montage permanent des échelons sur les longerons étant assuré par déformation des parties saillantes des échelons, au moyen d'un outil de sertissage. Le document FR-2 300 887 décrit l'assemblage d'échelons pourvus d'ergots pénétrant dans des logements ou ajours ménagés sur les longerons, un dispositif hydraulique venant ensuite, au droit de chaque échelon, poinçonner un crevé dans le longeron, le chant de la déchirure inférieure de ce crevé venant en butée contre la partie supérieure de l'échelon.The stapling of the rungs to the longitudinal members requires at the ends of the rungs tongues, tenons, pins, or the like may be engaged in slots provided for this purpose in the longitudinal members, and then deformed using a tool of crimping. So, for example, the document FR-2,478,891 proposes that at least a portion of the rungs protrude through an orifice of longitudinal members, the permanent mounting of the rungs on the longitudinal members being ensured by deformation of the projecting parts of the rungs, by means of a crimping tool. The document FR-2 300 887 describes the assembly of rungs provided with lugs penetrating in housings or openings formed on the longitudinal members, a hydraulic device then coming, at the right of each rung, to punch a flat in the spar, the edge of the lower tear of this flat abutting against the upper part of the rung.

La mise en place des échelons sur les longerons par emboîtement a été envisagée, cette méthode présentant l'inconvénient de ne pas assurer une grande sécurité au démontage. Pour pallier cette difficulté, le document FR-2 709 528 propose la mise en place de pièces de blocage, à force, pour bloquer les échelons dans leur position d'emboîtement. Le procédé décrit dans le document FR-2 709 528 s'avère long et coûteux.The implementation of rungs on the spars by interlocking was considered, this method having the disadvantage of not ensuring a high security dismantling. To overcome this difficulty, the document FR-2 709 528 proposes the establishment of blocking parts, by force, to block the rungs in their nesting position. The process described in the document FR-2 709 528 proves long and expensive.

Diverses autres techniques onéreuses ont pu être proposées, comme par exemple le magneto-formage (voir document FR 2 561 322 ).Various other expensive techniques have been proposed, such as magneto-forming (see document FR 2 561 322 ).

On connaît depuis longtemps l'assemblage par dudgeonnage ou sertissage des échelons aux montants d'échelles métalliques tubulaires, en particulier un alliage léger. On peut se reporter, par exemple, aux brevets français publiés sous les numéros 1 410 344 , 1 550 157 , 2 100 519 , 2 577 609 , 2 579 965 .It has long been known to assembly by swaging or crimping the steps to the amounts of tubular metal ladders, particularly a light alloy. For example, one can refer to patents French published under the numbers 1 410 344 , 1,550,157 , 2,100,519 , 2,577,609 , 2,579,965 .

Pour l'assemblage par sertissage, les échelons sont conventionnellement pourvus, sur leur deux extrémités latérales, d'au moins un retreint venant s'engager dans les perçages des montants. L'extrémité de ces retreints saille en face externe des montants. Elle est déformée par sertissage, ou bien encore par roulage, tulipage, ou estampage. Le simple sertissage conduit à la déformation du retreint sur la face externe du montant. Le double sertissage, réalisé à la fois sur la face externe et sur la face interne du montant est naturellement plus solide que le simple sertissage, puisqu'il permet un serrage de part et d'autre de la paroi du montant.For assembly by crimping, the rungs are conventionally provided, on their two lateral ends, with at least one restraint coming to engage in the bores of the uprights. The end of these retreints protrudes on the outer face of the uprights. It is deformed by crimping, or else by rolling, tulip, or stamping. The simple crimping leads to the deformation of the retreint on the external face of the amount. Double crimping, performed both on the outer face and on the inner face of the upright is naturally stronger than the simple crimping, since it allows clamping on both sides of the wall of the upright.

Le dudgeon est conventionnellement mécanique et comprend un barillet, des galets ou aiguilles et une broche conique. La broche conique (ou queue de dudgeon) avance à l'intérieur du profilé formant l'échelon. Cette broche est mise en rotation par une machine dudgeonneuse, électrique ou pneumatique. La broche augmente la circonférence des galets tout en les mettant en rotation. Les galets provoquent ainsi l'expansion du profilé formant l'échelon. Cette expansion est réalisée alors que le profilé formant l'échelon a été introduit dans une ouverture pratiquée dans le montant d'échelle. Il est ainsi possible de former des bourrelets sur l'échelon, ces bourrelets étant placés de part et d'autre d'au moins une des parois du montant d'échelle.The dudgeon is conventionally mechanical and comprises a barrel, pebbles or needles and a conical pin. The conical pin (or dudgeon tail) advances inside the profile forming the rung. This spindle is rotated by a machine dégeonneuse, electric or pneumatic. The spindle increases the circumference of the rollers while rotating them. The rollers thus cause the expansion of the profile forming the rung. This expansion is performed while the profile forming the rung has been introduced into an opening in the ladder upright. It is thus possible to form beads on the rung, these beads being placed on either side of at least one of the walls of the ladder upright.

La rotation de l'échelon sur lui-même, lors de l'utilisation de l'échelle, est bien entendu à éviter. Les conséquences d'une telle rotation sont faciles à percevoir (blessures, chutes). Pour éviter cette rotation, on connaît des échelons dont les extrémités sont aplaties, ces extrémités aplaties rentrant dans les trous de perçage des montants.The rotation of the echelon on itself, when using the ladder, is of course to be avoided. The consequences of such a rotation are easy to perceive (injuries, falls). To avoid this rotation, there are known rungs whose ends are flattened, these flattened ends returning into the drill holes of the uprights.

La diversité des solutions techniques présentées ci-dessus montre qu'à ce jour, aucune solution technique parfaitement satisfaisante n'est connue pour la liaison mécanique à froid d'échelons et montants d'échelles métalliques.The diversity of the technical solutions presented above shows that to date, no perfectly satisfactory technical solution is known for the cold mechanical connection of steps and amounts of metal ladders.

La demanderesse a en particulier identifié les problèmes techniques suivants.In particular, the applicant identified the following technical problems.

L'aplatissement des extrémités latérales des échelons provoque une forme géométrique aléatoire, puisque issue d'une frappe. Ainsi, les parties extrêmes aplaties d'un échelon tubulaire de section circulaire présentent des extrémités dont les dimensions sont supérieures au diamètre de ladite section circulaire.The flattening of the lateral extremities of the rungs causes a random geometrical shape, since coming from a strike. Thus, the flattened extreme parts a tubular step of circular section have ends whose dimensions are greater than the diameter of said circular section.

L'aplatissement des extrémités latérales des échelons provoque également une protubérance entre la zone aplatie et la partie centrale circulaire de l'échelon. Cette protubérance peut gêner ou rendre moins sûr l'assemblage des échelons aux montants.The flattening of the lateral ends of the rungs also causes a protuberance between the flattened area and the circular central portion of the rung. This protrusion may interfere or make less secure the assembly of the steps to the amounts.

La forme aléatoire de la section aplatie des échelons rend difficile la maîtrise du jeu ultérieur dans la liaison de l'échelon au montant.The random shape of the flattened section of the rungs makes it difficult to control the subsequent play in the link from the rung to the rung.

Pour tenter d'éviter la formation de jeu ultérieur entre échelon et montant, le document FR 2 795 127 propose une échelle d'échafaudage métallique dans laquelle l'extrémité aplatie de l'échelon est tirée en coincement dans le montant.In an attempt to avoid further game formation between step and amount, the document FR 2,795,127 proposes a metal scaffold ladder in which the flattened end of the rung is pulled into the jamb.

En pratique, ce procédé s'avère coûteux, puisqu'il est nécessaire de tirer chacun des échelons par rapport au premier montant de l'échelle, puis par rapport au deuxième montant de l'échelle.In practice, this method proves to be costly, since it is necessary to draw each of the steps relative to the first amount of the scale and then to the second amount of the scale.

L'invention vise à résoudre les problèmes techniques présentés auparavant.The invention aims to solve the technical problems presented before.

A ces fins, l'invention se rapporte, selon un premier aspect, à une échelle métallique, comprenant au moins un échelon et deux montants, cet échelon étant pourvu d'une partie centrale et de deux parties extrêmes, au moins une des deux parties extrêmes ayant, lorsque vue en coupe transversale, des dimensions externes différentes des dimensions externes de la partie centrale, mesurées également en coupe transversale, ladite partie extrême étant de forme géométrique sensiblement réduite dans un rapport homothétique à celle de la partie centrale, une zone de raccordement étant définie entre la partie centrale et ladite partie extrême, cette zone de raccordement reproduisant la géométrie de l'intersection entre la partie centrale de l'échelon et au moins un montant.For these purposes, the invention relates, in a first aspect, to a metal ladder, comprising at least one step and two uprights, this step being provided with a central portion and two end portions, at least one of the two parts extremes having, when viewed in cross-section, external dimensions different from the external dimensions of the central portion, also measured in cross-section, said end portion being of substantially reduced geometrical shape in a ratio homothetic to that of the central part, a zone of connection being defined between the central part and said end part, this connection area reproducing the geometry of the intersection between the part central level and at least one amount.

Avantageusement, les parties extrêmes de l'échelon et les zones de raccordement de ces parties extrêmes avec la partie centrale de l'échelon sont pourvues de stries s'étendant sensiblement suivant la direction d'élancement de l'échelon. Ces stries forment surface antidérapante. Ces stries renforcent le blocage de l'échelon dans les trous de montage ménagés sur les montants.Advantageously, the end portions of the rung and the zones of connection of these end portions with the central part of the rung are provided with ridges extending substantially in the direction of slenderness of the rung. These streaks form a non-slip surface. These grooves reinforce the locking of the step in the mounting holes on the uprights.

Avantageusement, l'échelon est pourvu de deux plans de symétrie sensiblement perpendiculaires entre eux et perpendiculaires à la section transversale de l'échelon.Advantageously, the step is provided with two planes of symmetry substantially perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the cross section of the step.

Dans certaines réalisations, ladite partie extrême de l'échelon présente des dimensions externes inférieures à celles de ladite partie centrale, ces dimensions étant mesurées en coupe transversale de l'échelon.In some embodiments, said end portion of the rung has external dimensions smaller than those of said central portion, these dimensions being measured in cross-section of the rung.

Dans certaines réalisations, ladite zone de raccordement est au moins en partie coincée dans un trou du montant, en face interne de l'échelle, tandis que ladite partie extrême de l'échelon saille au-delà dudit montant, cette partie saillante étant déformée plastiquement en étant plaquée contre la paroi du montant, en face externe de l'échelle.In some embodiments, said connection zone is at least partly wedged in a hole of the upright, on the internal face of the scale, while said end portion of the step protrudes beyond said upright, this projecting part being plastically deformed. by being pressed against the wall of the upright, on the outer face of the ladder.

Dans une réalisation, les parties extrêmes des échelons sont pourvues de crantages intérieurs.In one embodiment, the end portions of the rungs are provided with internal notches.

Les montants sont de section transversale circulaire, ovale ou polygonale, au moins ledit échelon étant de section ovale, circulaire ou polygonale.The amounts are of circular, oval or polygonal cross section, at least said step being of oval, circular or polygonal section.

L'invention se rapporte, selon un deuxième aspect, à un procédé de montage d'une échelle telle que présenté ci-dessus, au moins un échelon étant emmanché dans un trou traversant d'un montant, la partie extrême de cet échelon saillant en face externe du montant, la déformation plastique de cette partie saillante venant presser le montant contre ladite zone de raccordement.According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a method of mounting a ladder as presented above, at least one step being fitted into a through-hole of a post, the end portion of this step projecting from external face of the amount, the plastic deformation of this projecting portion from pressing the amount against said connection area.

La déformation plastique est assurée par roulage, bouterollage, tulipage, sertissage, par exemple dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre.Plastic deformation is ensured by rolling, interlocking, tilting, crimping, for example in the direction of clockwise.

Ladite déformation plastique est assurée simultanément sur les deux parties extrêmes de l'échelon.Said plastic deformation is ensured simultaneously on the two end parts of the rung.

D'autres objets et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront au cours de la description suivante de modes de réalisation, description qui va être effectuée en se référant aux dessins annexés, dans lesquels :

  • la figure 1 est une vue partielle en perspective d'une échelle selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue de détail de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de dessus d'une partie extrême latérale d'un échelon de l'échelle représentée en figure 1 ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue de côté de la partie extrême latérale de l'échelon représenté en figure 3 ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue en perspective de la partie extrême latérale d'échelon représentée en figures 3 et 4 ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue d'un échelon pourvu de deux parties extrêmes latérales du type représenté en figures 3 à 5, cet échelon étant représenté avant son montage aux montants d'échelle, les deux montants d'échelles étant partiellement représentés sur cette figure 6 ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue de détail en coupe transversale de l'assemblage à froid entre échelon et montant d'échelle, selon l'invention, seule une des deux extrémités d'un échelon étant représentée sur cette figure 7 ;
  • la figure 8 est une vue en perspective partielle de l'ensemble formé par un échelon et deux montants, cette figure 8 illustrant le sens de roulage des extrémités de l'échelon ;
  • la figure 9 est une vue latérale de détail de la figure 8, le plan de coupe VII-VII de la figure 7 étant reporté sur cette figure 9 ;
  • la figure 10 est une vue en coupe selon le plan X-X de la figure 9 ;
  • la figure 11 est une vue en coupe transversale d'un échelon, montrant sa surface striée ou crantée ;
  • la figure 12 est une vue en coupe de la liaison échelon au montant, avant sertissage.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description of embodiments, which description will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Figure 1 is a partial perspective view of a scale according to one embodiment of the invention;
  • Figure 2 is a detail view of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a top view of a lateral end portion of a rung of the scale shown in Figure 1;
  • Figure 4 is a side view of the lateral end portion of the echelon shown in Figure 3;
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of the lateral end portion shown in Figures 3 and 4;
  • FIG. 6 is a view of a rung provided with two lateral end parts of the type shown in FIGS. 3 to 5, this rung being represented before its assembly to the ladder uprights, the two ladder uprights being partially represented in this FIG. 6;
  • Figure 7 is a detailed cross-sectional view of the cold assembly between step and scale amount, according to the invention, only one of the two ends of a step being shown in this Figure 7;
  • Figure 8 is a partial perspective view of the assembly formed by a rung and two uprights, this figure 8 illustrating the rolling direction of the ends of the rung;
  • Figure 9 is a detail side view of Figure 8, the sectional plane VII-VII of Figure 7 being shown in this Figure 9;
  • Figure 10 is a sectional view along the plane XX of Figure 9;
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view of a rung, showing its striated or notched surface;
  • Figure 12 is a sectional view of the step connection to the amount, before crimping.

On se reporte tout d'abord aux figures 1 à 5.Referring first to Figures 1 to 5.

L'échelle 1 telle que représentée en figure 1 comporte, de manière bien connue en soi, deux montants latéraux 2,3 et des échelons 4.Scale 1 as shown in FIG. 1 comprises, in a manner well known per se, two lateral uprights 2,3 and 4 rungs.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les deux montants 2, 3 sont sensiblement identiques et parallèles entre eux. Il est entendu toutefois que l'invention concerne également les échelles dont les montants ne sont pas de forme, notamment de section, identiques, et/ou qui ne sont pas parallèles sur toute leur longueur. Par exemple, les montants peuvent être plus écartés l'un de l'autre à la base de l'échelle, notamment pour stabiliser l'échelle.In the embodiment shown, the two uprights 2, 3 are substantially identical and parallel to each other. It is understood, however, that the invention also relates to ladders whose amounts are not shaped, in particular of section, identical, and / or which are not parallel over their entire length. For example, the amounts may be further apart from each other at the base of the ladder, especially to stabilize the ladder.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les échelons 4 sont sensiblement équidistants. Il est entendu toutefois que l'invention concerne également les échelles sont les échelons ne sont pas équidistants.In the embodiment shown, the steps 4 are substantially equidistant. It is understood however that the invention also relates to the scales are the steps are not equidistant.

Dans le mode de réalisation représenté, les montants 2,3 sont de section transversale circulaire. Dans d'autres réalisations, non représentées, ces montants sont de section polygonale, par exemple carrée, ou bien encore ovale.In the embodiment shown, the posts 2,3 are of circular cross section. In other embodiments, not shown, these amounts are of polygonal section, for example square, or even oval.

Les échelons 4 sont, dans leur partie 4a située entre les montants 2,3, de section transversale oblongue et sont pourvus de stries ou de crans, ainsi qu'il apparaîtra plus complètement par la suite en référence à la figure 11.The rungs 4 are, in their part 4a located between the uprights 2, 3 of oblong cross-section and are provided with ridges or notches, as will appear more completely later with reference to FIG. 11.

Les montants 2, 3 et échelons 4 peuvent être en acier, en aluminium ou alliage d'aluminium. Ils peuvent être issus de profilage ou de pliage/soudage ou bien de roulage/soudage.The uprights 2, 3 and steps 4 may be steel, aluminum or aluminum alloy. They can be derived from profiling or bending / welding or rolling / welding.

Les deux parties extrêmes latérales 5 des échelons 4 sont de section transversale inférieure à la section transversale de la partie 4a des échelons 4, ainsi qu'il apparaît nettement en figures 3 à 5.The two extreme end portions 5 of the rungs 4 are of smaller cross-section than the cross section of the portion 4a of the rungs 4, as it clearly appears in FIGS. 3 to 5.

Les zones de raccordement 7 entre la partie centrale 4a d'un échelon 4 et les parties extrêmes 5 de cet échelon 4 ont une géométrie qui correspond à l'intersection de surface de contact entre cet échelon 4 et les montants 2,3.The connection areas 7 between the central portion 4a of a step 4 and the end portions 5 of this step 4 have a geometry that corresponds to the contact surface intersection between this step 4 and the amounts 2,3.

L'échelon 4, tel que vu en coupe transversale en figure 11, est pourvu de plis ou stries 8. Ces stries 8 permettent notamment d'éviter le glissement du pied ou de la main de l'utilisateur de l'échelle. Ces stries 8 sont des ondulations dans l'épaisseur du profilé formant l'échelon, l'épaisseur de ce profilé, mesurée en coupe transversale de l'échelon, étant sensiblement constante.The echelon 4, as seen in cross section in FIG. 11, is provided with folds or ridges 8. These grooves 8 make it possible in particular to prevent slipping of the user's foot or hand from the ladder. These grooves 8 are corrugations in the thickness of the profile forming the rung, the thickness of this section, measured in cross section of the rung, being substantially constant.

L'échelon 4 est pourvu de deux plans de symétrie, dans le mode de réalisation représenté, ces deux plans étant sensiblement perpendiculaires entre eux et perpendiculaires au plan de coupe transversal de la figure 11.The step 4 is provided with two planes of symmetry, in the embodiment shown, these two planes being substantially perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the transverse sectional plane of FIG. 11.

Lorsque vu en coupe transversale, l'échelon est de forme tubulaire oblongue, sa surface extérieure étant pourvue de stries 8, sauf en son centre passant par l'axe XX', où l'échelon est dépourvu de stries sur une distance variable.When seen in cross section, the rung is of tubular elongated shape, its outer surface being provided with ridges 8, except at its center passing through the axis XX ', where the rung is devoid of streaks over a variable distance.

Les zones de raccordement 7 sont pourvues de stries 8, tout comme les parties extrêmes latérales 5, ainsi qu'il est visible en figure 5.The connecting zones 7 are provided with ridges 8, as do the lateral end portions 5, as can be seen in FIG. 5.

Les montants 2, 3 sont pourvus de trous de réservation 9, ces trous traversant les montants 2, 3 et ces trous 9 étant de géométrie sensiblement identique à celle des parties extrêmes 5 d'échelon 4, mais de dimensions légèrement supérieures à celles de ces parties extrêmes 5.The amounts 2, 3 are provided with reservation holes 9, these holes passing through the uprights 2, 3 and these holes 9 being of substantially identical geometry to that of the end portions 5 of step 4, but of dimensions slightly greater than those of these end portions 5.

La longueur L5 d'une partie extrême 5 est supérieure de quelques millimètres à la dimension du montant 2, 3, cette dimension étant mesurée au droit des trous 9.The length L5 of an end portion 5 is a few millimeters larger than the dimension of the upright 2, 3, this dimension being measured in line with the holes 9.

Lors de l'introduction par emmanchement de la partie extrême 5 de l'échelon 4 dans les trous 9 d'un montant 2, 3, cette partie extrême 5 vient en saillie d'une longueur E (voir figure 12). A ce moment, la zone de raccordement 7 vient en contact avec la paroi du montant 2, 3.When the end portion 5 of the step 4 is inserted into the holes 9 of an amount 2, 3, this end portion 5 projects in a length E (see FIG. 12). At this moment, the connection zone 7 comes into contact with the wall of the upright 2, 3.

La partie saillante, de longueur E, de l'échelon 4, est alors soumise à un roulage, formant un collet 10. Lors de ce roulage, le collet 10 vient pousser le montant 2, 3 en B qui vient s'appliquer contre la zone de raccordement 7.The protruding part, of length E, of the step 4, is then subjected to rolling, forming a collar 10. During this rolling, the collar 10 pushes the upright 2, 3 in B which is applied against the connection area 7.

La zone de raccordement 7 étant pourvue des crans ou plis 8, le roulage conduit au coincement de la zone de raccordement 7 dans les trous 9 des montants, éliminant tout risque de jeu entre échelon 4 et montant 2, 3.The connecting zone 7 being provided with the notches or folds 8, the rolling leads to the wedging of the connection zone 7 in the holes 9 of the uprights, eliminating any risk of play between step 4 and upright 2, 3.

L'échelon 4 est bloqué par coincement de sa zone de raccordement 7 dans la paroi du montant 2, 3, en partie interne de l'échelle. L'échelon est dans le même temps rigidement serré contre le montant 2, 3, le collet 10 assurant une pression de l'échelon 4 contre le montant 2, 3, côté externe à l'échelle.The step 4 is blocked by jamming of its connecting zone 7 in the wall of the upright 2, 3, in the internal part of the scale. The step is at the same time rigidly tight against the amount 2, 3, the collar 10 providing a pressure of the step 4 against the amount 2, 3, external side to the scale.

L'assemblage des échelons aux montants peut être avantageusement pratiqué simultanément sur les deux côtés des échelons, par exemple dans le même sens des aiguilles d'une montre comme indiqué par les flèches F de la figure 8.The assembly of the steps to the uprights can be advantageously practiced simultaneously on both sides of the rungs, for example in the same clockwise direction as indicated by the arrows F of FIG. 8.

Les parties extrêmes 5 d'un échelon, sensiblement réduites dans un rapport homothétique à la partie centrale 4a de cet échelon, sont obtenues par fluage de la matière dans le sens longitudinal de l'échelon 4 et dans le sens des stries 8.The extreme parts 5 of a rung, substantially reduced in a ratio homothetic to the central portion 4a of this echelon, are obtained by creep of the material in the longitudinal direction of the echelon 4 and in the direction of the grooves 8.

Le collet 10 peut être obtenu par roulage et pression sous un bouterollage.The collar 10 can be obtained by rolling and pressure under a bouterollage.

Le procédé qui vient d'être décrit pourrait être adapté à des échelons de section circulaire, ovale ou polygonale, avec des montants de forme circulaire, polygonale ou ovale.The method which has just been described could be adapted to circular, oval or polygonal section steps, with circular, polygonal or oval shaped uprights.

Claims (8)

Echelle métallique, comprenant au moins un échelon (4) et deux montants (2, 3), cet échelon (4) étant pourvu d'une partie centrale (4a) et de deux parties extrêmes (5), au moins une des deux parties extrêmes (5) ayant, lorsque vue en coupe transversale, des dimensions externes différentes des dimensions externes de la partie centrale (4a), mesurées également en coupe transversale, caractérisée en ce que ladite partie extrême (5) est de forme géométrique sensiblement réduite dans un rapport homothétique à celle de la partie centrale (4a), une zone de raccordement (7) étant définie entre la partie centrale (4a) et ladite partie extrême (5), cette zone de raccordement (7) reproduisant la géométrie de l'intersection entre la partie centrale (4a) de l'échelon (4) et au moins un montant (2, 3), en ce que les parties extrêmes (5) de l'échelon (4) et les zones de raccordement (7) de ces parties extrêmes (5) avec la partie centrale (4a) de l'échelon (4) sont pourvues de stries (8) s'étendant sensiblement suivant la direction d'élancement de l'échelon (4), en ce que les montants (2, 3) sont de section transversale circulaire ou ovale, et en ce que ledit au moins un échelon (4) est de section transversale oblongue.Metal ladder, comprising at least one step (4) and two uprights (2, 3), this step (4) being provided with a central portion (4a) and two end portions (5), at least one of the two parts extremes (5) having, when viewed in cross section, different external dimensions of the external dimensions of the central portion (4a), also measured in cross-section, characterized in that said end portion (5) is of substantially reduced geometrical shape in a ratio homothetic to that of the central portion (4a), a connection zone (7) being defined between the central portion (4a) and said end portion (5), this connection zone (7) reproducing the geometry of the intersection between the central part (4a) of the step (4) and at least one upright (2, 3), in that the end parts (5) of the step (4) and the connection areas (7) of these end portions (5) with the central portion (4a) of the step (4) are provided streaks (8) extending substantially in the direction of slenderness of the step (4), in that the uprights (2, 3) are of circular or oval cross-section, and in that said at least one step (4) is of oblong cross section. Echelle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que l'échelon (4) est pourvu de deux plans de symétrie (P1, P2) sensiblement perpendiculaires entre eux et perpendiculaires à la section transversale de l'échelon (4).Ladder according to claim 1, characterized in that the step (4) is provided with two planes of symmetry (P1, P2) substantially perpendicular to each other and perpendicular to the cross section of the step (4). Echelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite partie extrême (5) de l'échelon (4) présente des dimensions externes inférieures à celles de ladite partie centrale (4a), ces dimensions étant mesurées en coupe transversale de l'échelon (4).Ladder according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said end portion (5) of the step (4) has external dimensions smaller than those of said central portion (4a), these dimensions being measured in section cross-section of the rung (4). Echelle selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que ladite zone de raccordement (7) est au moins en partie coincée dans un trou (9) du montant (2, 3), en face interne de l'échelle, tandis que ladite partie extrême (5) de l'échelon (4) saille au-delà dudit montant, cette partie saillante étant déformée plastiquement en étant plaquée contre la paroi du montant, en face externe de l'échelle.Ladder according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that said connection zone (7) is at least partially wedged in a hole (9) of the upright (2, 3), on the internal face of the ladder, while that said end portion (5) of the step (4) protrudes beyond said upright, this projecting portion being plastically deformed by being pressed against the wall of the upright, on the outer face of the scale. Echelle métallique selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les parties extrêmes (5) des échelons (4) sont pourvues de crantages intérieurs.Metal ladder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the end portions (5) of the rungs (4) are provided with internal notches. Procédé de montage d'une échelle telle que présentée dans l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins un échelon (4) est emmanché dans un trou traversant (9) d'un montant (2, 3), la partie extrême (5) de cet échelon (4) saillant en face externe du montant (2, 3), la déformation plastique de cette partie saillante venant presser le montant contre ladite zone de raccordement.A method of mounting a ladder as presented in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one step (4) is fitted into a through-hole (9) of a post (2, 3), the end portion (5) of this step (4) protruding on the outside face of the upright (2, 3), the plastic deformation of this projecting portion pressing the upright against said connection area. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la déformation plastique est assurée par roulage, bouterollage, tulipage, sertissage, notamment dans le sens des aiguilles d'une montre.Process according to Claim 6, characterized in that the plastic deformation is ensured by rolling, basting, tilting, crimping, especially in the direction of clockwise. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que ladite déformation plastique est assurée simultanément sur les deux parties extrêmes (5) de l'échelon (4).Method according to claim 7, characterized in that said plastic deformation is ensured simultaneously on the two end portions (5) of the step (4).
EP20060291438 2005-09-13 2006-09-12 Metal ladder and method of manufacture thereof Active EP1762694B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0509346A FR2890682B1 (en) 2005-09-13 2005-09-13 METAL SCALE AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING SUCH SCALE

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EP1762694A2 true EP1762694A2 (en) 2007-03-14
EP1762694A3 EP1762694A3 (en) 2010-01-20
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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111390037B (en) * 2020-03-25 2021-07-06 翱文狄风电设备制造(上海)有限公司 Thin aluminum alloy ladder stand and connection process between ladder frame and ladder step

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB384935A (en) * 1931-11-05 1932-12-15 Anders Wikstrand Improvements in ladders
US2951550A (en) * 1958-11-05 1960-09-06 Howard B Rich Ladder construction
FR1459966A (en) * 1965-10-12 1966-06-17 Tubesca advanced ladder with tubular bars
US3283402A (en) * 1963-08-23 1966-11-08 White Metal Rolling & Stamping Methods for fabricating lightweight metal ladders
FR2100519A1 (en) * 1971-10-27 1972-03-24 Chevant Claude
WO1995011366A1 (en) * 1993-10-22 1995-04-27 Blue Steel Oy An apparatus for securing a ladder rung to a ladder rail
FR2795127A1 (en) * 1999-06-16 2000-12-22 Tubesca METALLIC SCAFFOLDING LADDER WITH STEPS CRIMPED ON THE UPRIGHTS

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI71391C (en) * 1984-03-13 1986-12-19 Karolon Oy FREQUENCY REQUIREMENT FOR STEAMING SPECIFIC STEEL

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB384935A (en) * 1931-11-05 1932-12-15 Anders Wikstrand Improvements in ladders
US2951550A (en) * 1958-11-05 1960-09-06 Howard B Rich Ladder construction
US3283402A (en) * 1963-08-23 1966-11-08 White Metal Rolling & Stamping Methods for fabricating lightweight metal ladders
FR1459966A (en) * 1965-10-12 1966-06-17 Tubesca advanced ladder with tubular bars
FR2100519A1 (en) * 1971-10-27 1972-03-24 Chevant Claude
WO1995011366A1 (en) * 1993-10-22 1995-04-27 Blue Steel Oy An apparatus for securing a ladder rung to a ladder rail
FR2795127A1 (en) * 1999-06-16 2000-12-22 Tubesca METALLIC SCAFFOLDING LADDER WITH STEPS CRIMPED ON THE UPRIGHTS

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FR2890682A1 (en) 2007-03-16
ES2422427T3 (en) 2013-09-11
EP1762694A3 (en) 2010-01-20
EP1762694B1 (en) 2013-05-01

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