EP1752592B1 - Method of making bricks and brick system made by this method - Google Patents
Method of making bricks and brick system made by this method Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1752592B1 EP1752592B1 EP06015272.5A EP06015272A EP1752592B1 EP 1752592 B1 EP1752592 B1 EP 1752592B1 EP 06015272 A EP06015272 A EP 06015272A EP 1752592 B1 EP1752592 B1 EP 1752592B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cavities
- brick
- width
- brick system
- bricks
- Prior art date
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- 239000011449 brick Substances 0.000 title claims description 189
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 53
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 239000011810 insulating material Substances 0.000 claims description 46
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002557 mineral fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011470 perforated brick Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004575 stone Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000004927 clay Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000003746 surface roughness Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- -1 sawdust Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000002918 Fraxinus excelsior Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002956 ash Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004568 cement Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003365 glass fiber Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012766 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000012765 Cannabis sativa ssp. sativa var. spontanea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000004431 Linum usitatissimum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000009120 camo Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005607 chanvre indien Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011487 hemp Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005496 tempering Methods 0.000 claims 2
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 235000019687 Lamb Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 241000208202 Linaceae Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002657 fibrous material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 34
- 238000009413 insulation Methods 0.000 description 28
- 239000011464 hollow brick Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 7
- 239000012774 insulation material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000011490 mineral wool Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011491 glass wool Substances 0.000 description 2
- 210000001503 joint Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 2
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- 240000006240 Linum usitatissimum Species 0.000 description 1
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- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
- E04C1/00—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings
- E04C1/40—Building elements of block or other shape for the construction of parts of buildings built-up from parts of different materials, e.g. composed of layers of different materials or stones with filling material or with insulating inserts
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
- E04B2/16—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0208—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0202—Details of connections
- E04B2002/0204—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
- E04B2002/0228—Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections with tongues next to each other on one end surface and grooves next to each other on opposite end surface
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
- E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
- E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
- E04B2002/0289—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material
- E04B2002/0293—Building elements with holes filled with insulating material solid material
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for the production of bricks according to the preamble of claim 1 and a brick system according to the preamble of claim 35.
- Bricks in particular perforated bricks, are formed of clay, loam or clayey masses with or without added substances other than machine bricks and fired at 800 to 1,000 ° C. Such bricks have a cubic body with a width that generally coincides with a wall thickness of a building wall to be made from the bricks. Therefore, such bricks are made in different widths. But it is also conceivable that several bricks lying with their narrow sides together in a Building wall are arranged. For example, two such bricks in the above arrangement form a building wall, which has a wall thickness which substantially corresponds to twice the width of the bricks. In the course of the rationalized creation of appropriate building walls, however, it has prevailed to hold bricks with widths that correspond to the desired wall thicknesses of the building walls.
- such a brick from the DE 31 00 642 A1 known.
- This is a hollow brick with insulating layers, which are arranged parallel to two opposite outer sides of the hollow brick in spaces of the hollow brick and spaced from each other by at least one of empty voids interspersed area.
- the interspersed by insulation layers areas are also distanced against the parallel to them outer sides of the hollow brick through such penetrated by empty cavities areas.
- foamable insulation so for example polyurethane or polystyrene, which is foamed into the space provided for the hollow brick.
- mineral wool is called as insulating material, without this prior art discloses how mineral wool is to be introduced into the spaces of the hollow brick. According to this prior art, it is also possible to insert prefabricated insulation boards, for example foam boards in the spaces of the hollow brick.
- Another brick is from the DE 35 32 590 A1 known, said brick has a base provided with air chambers. On at least one side of the base body first webs are formed, which extend over only a part of the height of the base body. At these webs a first shell is formed parallel to the main body. On the first shell and / or on the other side of the base second webs are formed, to which a second shell, also formed parallel to the base body, which also extend over only a portion of the height of the body, and that offset to the first Stegen.
- the space between the shells and / or the space between the main body and the shell is filled with insulating material, being used as insulation material Foam, cork, cork meal, coke fiber, wood wool, glass wool and rock wool are called.
- synthetic fibers are possible, which can be injected, poured or pushed into the space between the shells and / or between the base body and the shell.
- This lattice brick has a circumferential wall, wherein at least two opposite sides of the wall on the respective outer side of the lattice brick have recesses or bulges which engage in a lateral juxtaposition of a plurality of lattice bricks. Furthermore, the lattice brick has internally arranged webs which define vertically extending cavities. In this lattice brick, it is provided that within the circumferential wall at least one of the vertical webs free interior space for receiving insulation material is formed. This interior space is formed substantially larger compared to the cavities.
- insulating material is glass wool, mineral wool, a foamed plastic or an insulating material made of synthetic fibers, in particular made of hollow fibers.
- a plurality of perforated chambers are formed with a smaller hole cross section, wherein at least one perforated chamber is formed as an insulating material receiving perforated chamber with a larger hole cross-section.
- Dämmmaterial a compact Dämmmaterial organisation is provided, which in terms of its outer dimensions, that is, in terms of its axial length and its cross section, accurately corresponds to the dimensions of the receiving hole chamber.
- this insulating material body In order to hold this insulating material body in the perforated chamber, this has a protruding into the hole cross-section molding in the form of a projecting strip-shaped nose. This nose is pressed into the insulating material, so that the insulating material is clamped in the hole chamber.
- the bricks described above have various disadvantages.
- the introduction of insulating materials in the form of a bed for example of perlite, vermiculite or foam glass has the disadvantage that the bed must be sintered or provided with a binder to allow hardening of the bed in the brick. If this bed is introduced only after the production of the cubic body, then it requires a curing time of the bed, before the brick is ready for sale. Optionally, this curing time can be shortened by a supplementary burning process.
- the cavities in the different bricks receive a different amount of insulation, so that appropriate insulation must be kept in different configurations. This is especially true for such bricks to be filled with preformed insulating bodies.
- the provision of appropriate insulation body is required for each brick length and width.
- the prior art bricks partly have the disadvantage that the introduced insulating body are not arranged with sufficient adhesion in the cavities, so that the insulating body must be attached either with additional adhesive or protrusions in the cavities.
- the use of adhesives sometimes leads to the fact that the required fire resistance class due to the use of organic components can not be met.
- the design of additional projections as clamping elements leads to more complex forms the production of the bricks and the problem that these projections can be damaged or destroyed during machining, in particular during mechanical insertion of the insulating elements, so that the success is highly doubtful.
- bricks have the disadvantage that despite the additional projections in the insulation receiving cavities of the insulation falls out when the bricks are cut in their longitudinal direction.
- Bricks that are filled with bulk fillers may tend to segregate or cut open so that the bulk filling is not sufficiently fixed and will trickle out. Therefore, special, called cut stones bricks are offered.
- bulk fillings have a thermal conductivity of at least 0.043 W / mK.
- FR 2 201 377 A1 discloses a method for producing bricks according to the preamble of claim 1 and a brick system according to the preamble of claim 35. Based on this prior art, the present invention seeks to further develop a generic method for the production of bricks such that a rational production the bricks in different lengths and widths is possible, the bricks have very good insulation properties and can be produced in sufficient variability in terms of their sound and / or thermal insulation properties. Furthermore, it is an object of the invention to provide a brick that can be produced in a simple and cost-effective manner as a mass product with excellent heat and / or sound insulation properties.
- bricks different length and width have cavities, which are identical regardless of the length and width of the bricks in terms of their width, so that these cavities in principle with identical wide insulation elements, such as strip, bar or plate-shaped insulating elements from organic or inorganic fibers and / or organic or inorganic expandable or foam materials can be fitted.
- the provision of different widths of insulating elements is no longer necessary, so that the backfilling of bricks is much more efficient and cheaper.
- the variability of the bricks is therefore achieved with respect to the different lengths by different width webs between the cavities.
- the inventive method allows, for example, the production of bricks, namely perforated bricks for wall thicknesses of 24 cm, 30 cm, 36.5 cm, 38 cm, 40 cm, 42.5 cm or 49 cm, all with respect to the width identically formed cavities, for example Have a width of 40 mm, so that in these above-described perforated bricks of different width fundamentally insulating material elements can be used, which are formed with a corresponding material thickness.
- the insulating material is formed as a molded body and frictionally inserted into the cavities, wherein the shaped body preferably has a relation to the cavity greater width and / or length.
- the brick formed according to the invention is not flammable and has a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.034 W / mK.
- the brick is preferably made of inorganic starting materials.
- a hydraulically hardening starting material in particular cement, lime, gravel, split, sand, natural and / or expanded lightweight aggregates with or without the addition of other substances
- a thermosetting raw material in particular clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as lean burn and / or burnout materials, for example polystyrene, sawdust, paper pulp or the like.
- the production of the bricks can be carried out either continuously in the course of an extrusion process or discontinuously in which the brick are produced individually in a mold by filling a plurality of molds with the starting material and curing the starting material in the molds.
- the starting material can hydraulically harden or be fed to a kiln after a drying process, in which the brick are fired.
- a development of the method according to the invention provides that the cavities are formed with different lengths, wherein the greater length represents an integer multiple of the smaller.
- the cavities can thus be fitted with moldings of insulating material, the moldings in principle have a matching material thickness and matched to the cavities lengths.
- the molded body of insulating material can therefore be kept in a width corresponding to the length of the longer cavity, wherein for the Bestükkung the shorter cavities halves the insulation material to form the shaped body in width and then inserted into the cavities with the shorter length.
- the cavities are arranged extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, so that the cavities extend in the longitudinal axis direction of the building wall created from the bricks and allow optimum heat and / or sound insulation of a building wall made therefrom.
- the cavities are formed with a length that is greater than the width of the cavities. It is further provided that the cavities are formed with a rectangular cross section, so that the required for the filling of the cavities moldings of insulating material, for example, bound with binders mineral fibers, web and / or plate-shaped can be kept, the individual moldings of these Mineral fiber webs or mineral fiber boards are separated by a cut perpendicular to the large surfaces of the mineral fiber webs or mineral fiber boards.
- the cavities are used with the cross-sectional shape of the cavities substantially matching moldings of an insulating material.
- the advantage of bricks produced by the process according to the invention of different length and width is then that the cavities consistently formed in all the bricks have a defined volume, so that the production of the bricks can basically be done with a predetermined volume of insulating material, without production deviations to lead that the cavities are filled with too little amount of insulation material or that excess insulation material must be removed regularly in the course of cleaning work from the manufacturing plant.
- the shaped body is designed to be compressible at least in the direction of surfaces arranged opposite one another and is preferably used compressed in the cavity. Compressing the shaped body prior to insertion of the shaped body into the cavity has the advantage that the shaped body is not damaged by the increased friction on the inner wall surfaces of the cavity which may arise during insertion. Therefore, there is a possibility, for example Formed body of mineral fibers with relatively low density to use.
- the shaped body is frictionally inserted in the cavity, wherein the shaped body is preferably formed with a width and / or length which is greater in relation to the cavity.
- the molded body is bonded to at least one inner wall surface of the cavity.
- moldings of mineral fibers bound with binders, in particular of stone or glass fibers are preferably used.
- moldings of natural fibers such as flax, hemp, sheep's wool and / or the like may be provided.
- the shaped bodies with a fiber course parallel to the large surfaces of the shaped body, so that the shaped bodies have a high compressibility in the direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces of the shaped body and can therefore be inserted into the cavities in compressed form ,
- the inner wall surfaces of the cavities are formed with a high surface roughness.
- the inner wall surfaces of the cavities are formed with punctiform and / or linear projections, which preferably have a maximum height of 1 mm.
- the line-shaped projections may extend over the entire length of the cavities or be formed only over a partial length of the cavities, wherein the line-shaped projections may also be formed interrupted.
- the cavities are arranged in rows.
- two cavities are arranged in each row, which have a different length. This serves in particular, to maintain the stability of the brick, so that the brick not only on reliewandungs vom, but also has webs in the area between adjacent cavities of a series.
- two cavities are arranged in each row, one cavity having a length twice as long as the length of the second cavity.
- the cavities thus have an aspect ratio of one third to two thirds.
- the cavities are arranged alternately with different lengths in adjacent rows, so that a web arranged between the two cavities is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the brick offset from a web between two cavities of an adjacent row. This embodiment serves to increase the strength of the brick.
- all cavities are filled with insulation.
- different requirements for the bricks as far as they are installed in the outer wall area or in the inner wall area of a building. While in the outer wall area, primarily the thermal insulation is of great importance, the inner walls in a building should primarily have sound insulating properties, although heat-insulating properties are also sought there.
- High sound insulation properties are achieved in that at least one cavity, preferably all cavities in a row, are or will be filled with a, in particular granular, material having a bulk density of ⁇ 1,500 kg / m 3 , in particular ⁇ 2,000 kg / m 3 .
- a brick produced in this way is then preferably used in the outer wall region in such a way that a high sound-damping result is achieved.
- the moldings are separated from an approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material. It may be provided that the moldings are separated after insertion into the cavities of the approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the moldings are separated from the approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material prior to insertion into the cavities. In both cases, the moldings can finish flush with the cubic body of the brick, so that a post-processing of the brick is not required. If the brick has a plurality of cavities arranged in rows, then, of course, juxtaposed endless strip-shaped insulating materials can be inserted and removed in accordance with the length of the cavities.
- the shaped bodies are produced as strips, plates or bars from a mineral fiber web divided by one or more cuts in the longitudinal direction.
- the mineral fiber web is guided above a production line for such bricks parallel to the conveying direction of the bricks and cut according to the number of required strips, plates or rods in the longitudinal direction, whereupon formed as a shaped body strips, plates or rods are compressed and supplied to the cavities in a compressed state ,
- the shaped bodies relax in the cavities, so that they are frictionally held in the cavities due to their greater length and / or width relative to the dimensions of the cavities.
- the mineral fiber web is cut according to the width of the cavities in different widths strips, plates or rods, from which the moldings are separated.
- the cubic body is produced from a casing stone material or a brick shard with a bulk density ⁇ 1.70 kg / dm 3 .
- the brick with a web-cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2.2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2,3 is produced.
- Such a brick has a proportion of holes between 56 and approximately 64%, so that a correspondingly large amount of insulating material can be introduced into the brick. According to the invention it is thus possible to produce the brick with a thermal conductivity ⁇ 0.09 W / mK.
- the above-described advantages of the method according to the invention are also given in the brick system according to the invention.
- the brick system according to the invention is characterized in that the insulating material is formed as a molded body and is frictionally inserted into the cavities, wherein the shaped body preferably has a relation to the cavity greater width and / or length.
- the molding is firmly inserted into the cavities, so that it does not fall out of the brick even at the prevailing on site rough working conditions and especially in the cavities remains even if the brick is cut, for example, so that the cavity is open on one side, so that the shaped body rests only on three remaining inner wall surfaces of the cavity. This ensures that a building wall produced from the brick wall system according to the invention has a high thermal and / or acoustic insulation.
- the cavities have different lengths and an identical width, so that a defined volume is predetermined. Due to the identical width of the cavities, the moldings to be used, for example, from insulating panels with a constant material thickness, worked out and then inserted into the cavities. The moldings are then adapted only to the different lengths of the cavities. It has proved to be advantageous that the cavities have different lengths, wherein the greater length represents an integer multiple of the smaller, so that, for example, cavities with half or double lengths compared to standard cavities can be formed.
- the cavities preferably extend at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, wherein the cavities have a length that is greater than the width of the cavities.
- Such a brick can be produced in a simple manner, if the cavities have a rectangular cross section, so that the shaped bodies are also formed rectangular in cross section.
- This embodiment of the moldings is particularly advantageous in plate-shaped starting material made of insulating material, since the insulating material, which is supplied, for example, sheet or plate-shaped, only by a cut in the longitudinal direction or transversely thereto must be divided into strips, which already matched to the width of the cavities Have material thickness, so that the length of the molded body made of insulating material can be adjusted over the cut to be executed.
- the shaped bodies are formed compressible at least in the direction of oppositely arranged surfaces. Due to the compressibility of the molded body, these can be compressed in a simple manner in the cavities are used, in which then expand the moldings and are held firmly by frictional engagement in the cavities.
- the molded bodies are glued to at least one inner wall surface of the cavities.
- the shaped body in the region of an outer surface may have an adhesive layer which can be activated by heat, for example, after insertion of the shaped body in the cavities.
- the moldings are preferably formed from mineral fibers bound to binders, in particular from stone or glass fibers, since these insulating materials have excellent heat and / or sound insulation behavior, moreover they can be compressed in a simple manner depending on their density. Finally, these insulating materials are easy to process, especially to cut.
- the shaped bodies of mineral fibers bound with binders have a fiber course parallel to the large surfaces of the shaped body, so that the shaped body is made compressible in the direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces.
- the inner wall surfaces of the cavities have a high surface roughness.
- the inner wall surfaces of the cavities have punctiform and / or linear, preferably interrupted protrusions, which preferably have a maximum height of 1 mm, so that they do not hinder the insertion of the moldings into the cavities.
- the production of surface roughness can be additionally or alternatively ensured by the surface structure of a drag core in extruding a clay brick wall blank or by a corresponding shaped formwork form.
- the cavities are arranged in rows according to a further feature of the brick system according to the invention, wherein according to a further development in each row two cavities are arranged, which have a different length.
- two cavities are arranged in each row, with one cavity having a length twice as long as the length of the second cavity.
- a development of this embodiment provides that the cavities are arranged alternately with different lengths in adjacent rows.
- the embodiments described above lead to a high stability of a brick system according to the invention. It may be filled with insulation according to a further feature of the invention, all cavities of the brick. In this case, it is possible to fill the cavities with different insulating materials in order to adjust the brick system according to the invention to different requirements of the building walls inside or outside the building.
- a high sound insulation performance is achieved in that at least one cavity, preferably all cavities of a row of the brick is or are filled with a, in particular granular material with a density of ⁇ 1,500 kg / m 3 , in particular ⁇ 2,000 kg / m 3 .
- the brick system according to the invention preferably consists of a casing stone material or a brick shard with a density of 1.70 kg / dm 3 , which preferably has a thermal conductivity ⁇ 0.40 W / m K and a web / cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2, 2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2.3.
- a thermal conductivity ⁇ 0.40 W / m K and a web / cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2, 2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2.3.
- an inventive, filled with moldings of insulating brick with an overall lambda 10 value ⁇ 0.09 W / mK is formed.
- the raw densities of the mineral fiber insulating material provided according to the invention are in particular between 13 kg / m 3 and 120 kg / m 3 and have a lambda 10 value of ⁇ 0.034 W / mK.
- An Indian FIG. 1 illustrated brick 1 has a substantially cubic body 2, which has two outer wall surfaces 3 and two perpendicular thereto outer wall surfaces 4, 5.
- the outer wall surfaces 3 are planar while the outer wall surface 4 has a nose-shaped projection 6 and the outer wall surface 5 has a recess 7 corresponding to the nose-shaped projection 6.
- the in FIG. 1 brick shown has essentially a square base.
- the brick 1 3 extending cavities 8 are arranged with a length a and a width b parallel to the outer wall surfaces. Furthermore, the brick 1 cavities 9 with a length c and the width b. The length c corresponds to half the length a.
- the cavities 8 and 9 are arranged in rows 10 and separated by a web 11 with a web width d.
- the rows 10 are separated by webs 12, wherein the webs 12 have a web width e.
- the brick 1 has in the area of the outer wall surfaces 3 outer walls 13 with a thickness f and in the region of the outer wall surfaces 4, 5 outer walls 14 with a thickness g.
- FIG. 1 illustrated embodiment of a brick 1 is a schematic diagram and it will be with respect to the FIGS. 2 to 5 the corresponding dimensions a to g indicated.
- the cavities 8, 9 are filled with moldings 15 made of binders bound mineral fibers, wherein the mineral fibers have a fiber profile parallel to the longitudinal axis of the cavities 8, 9.
- the moldings 15 are formed compressible and are used in the compressed state in the cavities 8, 9.
- the shaped bodies 15 In the relaxed state, the shaped bodies 15 have a greater material thickness compared to the width d of the cavities 8, 9, so that the shaped bodies 15 are frictionally held in the cavities 8, 9.
- the shaped bodies 15 correspond in terms of their outer contour to the cross-sectionally rectangular cavities 8, 9 of the brick 1.
- FIGS. 2 to 5 only a portion of the cavities 8, 9 are filled with moldings 15, it is understood that in a brick 1 all cavities 8, 9 or even a portion of the cavities 8, 9 may be filled with moldings 15, which of course also different moldings 15, that is, for example, such moldings 15 are used with a high sound insulation performance and such moldings 15 with a high thermal insulation performance.
- the in the FIGS. 1 to 5 shown cavities 8, 9 have consistently widths b of 40 mm.
- the cavities 8 have a length a of preferably 150 mm, while the cavities 9 have a length c of preferably 75 mm.
- the webs 11 have a web width d of 7.334 mm.
- the thickness g of the outer wall 14 is 7.33 mm in the area of the two in FIG. 2 projections 6 and 8 mm shown in the region of the outer wall 14 on both sides of the projections 6.
- the thickness f of the outer walls 13 is 16.666 mm and thus corresponds to the web width e match.
- FIG. 3 another embodiment of a brick 1 is shown, which is provided for the production of a building wall with a building wall thickness of 38 cm and thus has a width B of 38 cm.
- the embodiment differs according to FIG. 3 in that instead of five rows 10 with cavities 8, 9 in the embodiment according to FIG. 2 now six rows 10 are provided with cavities 8, 9 and moldings 15 inserted therein.
- This also results from the embodiment according to FIG. 2 Deviating dimension of the web widths e of the webs 12, which has a web width e of 20 mm in the embodiment of Figure 3.
- the thickness f of the outer wall 13 of the brick 1 is different from FIG. 2 now 20 mm.
- the further dimensions a to d and g are consistent with the embodiment according to FIG. 2 match.
- the brick 1 according to FIG. 3 a proportion of cavities 8, 9 of 56.9%, while the proportion of cavities 8, 9 in the brick according to FIG. 2 60.1%. In the same order of magnitude is therefore also the proportion of moldings 15, which are used as insulating material in the cavities 8, 9.
- FIG. 4 a further embodiment of a brick 1 is shown, which is characterized by the bricks 1 according to the Figures 2 and 3 distinguishes that the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 has a width B of 40 cm and is therefore intended for a building wall with a wall thickness of 40 cm.
- the dimensions of the brick 1 are in accordance with FIG. 4 with the dimensions of the bricks 1 according to the Figures 2 and 3 match.
- the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 a web width e of 15 mm and a thickness f of also 15 mm.
- the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 in deviation from the brick according to FIG. 3 three projections 6 and consequently also three recesses 7 on the opposite outer wall surface 4 has.
- the moldings 15 are inserted into the cavities 8, 9, which cavities 8, 9 are provided in seven parallel rows 10.
- the brick 1 according to FIG. 4 has a share of cavities 8, 9 of 63.1%.
- FIG. 5 another brick 1 with eight rows 10 of parallel cavities 8, 9, wherein the brick 1 has two projections 6 in the region of an outer wall surface 4 and two recesses 7 in the region of the opposite outer wall surface 5.
- the brick 1 according to FIG. 5 has a proportion of cavities 8, 9 of 58.9% and is formed with a width B of 49 cm, so that it is intended for a building wall with a wall thickness of 49 cm.
- the brick 1 Compared to the above-described bricks 1 also has the brick 1 according to FIG. 5 matching dimensions for the lengths a and c and the width b of the cavities 8, 9 on. Furthermore, the thickness g of the outer wall 14 is formed in accordance with the previously described embodiments of the brick 1. Deviating from this is only the web width e with a measure of 18.888 mm. This measure is also provided for the thickness f of the outer wall 13.
- bricks 1 can be produced in an advantageous manner by a method in which the bricks 1 in a first step of a starting material, such as clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or combustibles, For example, polystyrene, sawdust, paper fibers or the like are extruded from a die and then dried and fired.
- a starting material such as clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or combustibles,
- a starting material such as clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or combustibles,
- a starting material such as clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as leaning and / or combustibles
- polystyrene, sawdust, paper fibers or the like are extruded from a
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Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von Mauersteinen gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 und ein Mauersteinsystem gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 35. JThe invention relates to a method for the production of bricks according to the preamble of claim 1 and a brick system according to the preamble of claim 35. J
Mauersteine, insbesondere Lochziegel werden aus Ton, Lehm oder tonigen Massen mit oder ohne Zusatz von anderen Stoffen als Maschinenziegel geformt und bei 800 bis 1.000°C gebrannt. Derartige Mauersteine weisen einen kubischen Körper mit einer Breite auf, der in der Regel mit einer Wandstärke einer aus den Mauersteinen herzustellenden Gebäudewand übereinstimmt. Daher werden derartige Mauersteine in unterschiedlichen Breiten hergestellt. Es ist aber auch denkbar, dass mehrere Mauersteine mit ihren Schmalseiten aneinander liegend in einer Gebäudewand angeordnet werden. Beispielsweise bilden zwei derartige Mauersteine in voranstehender Anordnung eine Gebäudewand aus, die eine Wandstärke aufweist, welche im Wesentlichen der doppelten Breite der Mauersteine entspricht. Im Zuge der rationalisierten Erstellung entsprechender Gebäudewände hat es sich aber durchgesetzt, Mauersteine mit Breiten vorzuhalten, die den gewünschten Wandstärken der Gebäudewände entsprechen.Bricks, in particular perforated bricks, are formed of clay, loam or clayey masses with or without added substances other than machine bricks and fired at 800 to 1,000 ° C. Such bricks have a cubic body with a width that generally coincides with a wall thickness of a building wall to be made from the bricks. Therefore, such bricks are made in different widths. But it is also conceivable that several bricks lying with their narrow sides together in a Building wall are arranged. For example, two such bricks in the above arrangement form a building wall, which has a wall thickness which substantially corresponds to twice the width of the bricks. In the course of the rationalized creation of appropriate building walls, however, it has prevailed to hold bricks with widths that correspond to the desired wall thicknesses of the building walls.
Beispielsweise ist ein derartiger Mauerstein aus der
Ein weiterer Mauerstein ist aus der
Ein weiterer Mauerstein in Form eines Gitterziegels ist aus der
Des Weiteren ist aus der
Es sind schließlich Mauersteine, nämlich Lochziegel auf dem Markt bekannt, die einen kubischen Körper aufweisen, der eine Breite entsprechend der auszubildenden Wandstärke der Gebäudewand hat. In diesem kubischen Körper sind Hohlräume vorgesehen, die mit einer Perlitfüllung als Dämmstoff befüllt sind.There are finally bricks, namely perforated bricks known in the market, which have a cubic body, which has a width corresponding to the wall thickness of the building wall to be formed. In this cubic body cavities are provided, which are filled with a Perlitfüllung as insulation.
Die voranstehend beschriebenen Mauersteine weisen verschiedene Nachteile auf. So ist zu erkennen, dass das Einbringen von Dämmstoffen in Form einer Schüttung, beispielsweise aus Perlit, Vermiculite oder Schaumglas den Nachteil hat, dass die Schüttung gesintert werden muss oder mit einem Bindemittel zu versehen ist, um ein Aushärten der Schüttung im Mauerstein zu ermöglichen. Wird diese Schüttung erst nach der Herstellung des kubischen Körpers eingebracht, so bedarf es einer Aushärtezeit der Schüttung, bevor der Mauerstein verkaufsfertig ist. Gegebenenfalls kann diese Aushärtezeit durch einen ergänzenden Brennvorgang verkürzt werden. Darüber hinaus besteht der Nachteil, dass die Hohlräume in den unterschiedlichen Mauersteinen eine unterschiedliche Menge Dämmstoff aufnehmen, so dass entsprechende Dämmstoffe in unterschiedlichen Ausgestaltungen vorgehalten werden müssen. Dies trifft insbesondere bei solchen Mauersteinen zu, die mit vorgeformten Dämmstoffkörpern befüllt werden sollen. In der Regel ist für jede Mauersteinlänge und -breite die Vorhaltung entsprechender Dämmstoffkörper erforderlich. Des Weiteren haben die vorbekannten Mauersteine zum Teil den Nachteil, dass die eingebrachten Dämmstoffkörper nicht mit einer ausreichenden Haftung in den Hohlräumen angeordnet sind, so dass die Dämmstoffkörper entweder mit zusätzlichem Kleber oder Vorsprüngen in den Hohlräumen befestigt werden müssen. Der Einsatz von Kleber führt hierbei mitunter dazu, dass die erforderliche Feuerwiderstandsklasse aufgrund der Verwendung von organischen Bestandteilen nicht eingehalten werden kann. Die Ausgestaltung von zusätzlichen Vorsprüngen als Klemmelemente führt zu aufwendigeren Formen bei der Herstellung der Mauersteine und zu dem Problem, dass diese Vorsprünge bei der maschinellen Fertigung, insbesondere beim maschinellen Einsetzen der Dämmstoffelemente beschädigt oder zerstört werden können, so dass der Erfolg höchst zweifelhaft ist. Darüber hinaus weisen diese Mauersteine den Nachteil auf, dass trotz der zusätzlichen Vorsprünge in den Dämmstoff aufnehmenden Hohlräumen der Dämmstoff herausfällt, wenn die Mauersteine in ihrer Längsrichtung geschnitten werden. Mauersteine, die mit Schüttfüllungen versehen werden, können beim Auftrennen oder Aufschneiden dazu neigen, dass die Schüttfüllung nicht ausreichend fixiert ist und herausrieselt. Deshalb werden spezielle, als Schnittsteine bezeichnete Mauersteine angeboten. Zudem weisen Schüttfüllungen eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von minimal 0,043 W/mK auf.The bricks described above have various disadvantages. Thus, it can be seen that the introduction of insulating materials in the form of a bed, for example of perlite, vermiculite or foam glass has the disadvantage that the bed must be sintered or provided with a binder to allow hardening of the bed in the brick. If this bed is introduced only after the production of the cubic body, then it requires a curing time of the bed, before the brick is ready for sale. Optionally, this curing time can be shortened by a supplementary burning process. In addition, there is the disadvantage that the cavities in the different bricks receive a different amount of insulation, so that appropriate insulation must be kept in different configurations. This is especially true for such bricks to be filled with preformed insulating bodies. In general, the provision of appropriate insulation body is required for each brick length and width. Furthermore, the prior art bricks partly have the disadvantage that the introduced insulating body are not arranged with sufficient adhesion in the cavities, so that the insulating body must be attached either with additional adhesive or protrusions in the cavities. The use of adhesives sometimes leads to the fact that the required fire resistance class due to the use of organic components can not be met. The design of additional projections as clamping elements leads to more complex forms the production of the bricks and the problem that these projections can be damaged or destroyed during machining, in particular during mechanical insertion of the insulating elements, so that the success is highly doubtful. In addition, these bricks have the disadvantage that despite the additional projections in the insulation receiving cavities of the insulation falls out when the bricks are cut in their longitudinal direction. Bricks that are filled with bulk fillers may tend to segregate or cut open so that the bulk filling is not sufficiently fixed and will trickle out. Therefore, special, called cut stones bricks are offered. In addition, bulk fillings have a thermal conductivity of at least 0.043 W / mK.
Die Lösung dieser Aufgabenstellung sieht bei einem erfindungsgemäßen gemäß Anspruch 1 vor, dass sämtliche Hohlräume der Mauersteine unterschiedlicher Breite durch jeweils eine vorbestimmte Breite der Stege zwischen den Hohlräumen mit einer identischen Breite und vorzugsweise einem definierten Volumen hergestellt werden.The solution of this problem provides in an inventive claim 1, that all cavities of bricks different widths are made by a predetermined width of the webs between the cavities with an identical width and preferably a defined volume.
Erfindungsgemäß ist somit vorgesehen, dass Mauersteine unterschiedlicher Länge und Breite Hohlräume aufweisen, die unabhängig von der Länge und Breite der Mauersteine hinsichtlich ihrer Breite identisch ausgebildet sind, so dass diese Hohlräume grundsätzlich auch mit identisch breiten Dämmstoffelementen, beispielsweise streifen-, balken- oder plattenförmigen Dämmstoffelementen aus organischen oder anorganischen Fasern und/oder organischen oder anorganischen Bläh- oder Schaumstoffen bestückt werden können. Die Vorhaltung von unterschiedlich breiten Dämmstoffelementen ist hierbei nicht mehr nötig, so dass die Verfüllung der Mauersteine wesentlich rationeller und preiswerter ist. Die Variabilität der Mauersteine wird hinsichtlich der unterschiedlichen Längen daher durch unterschiedlich breite Stege zwischen den Hohlräumen erzielt. So ermöglicht das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren beispielsweise die Herstellung von Mauersteinen, nämlich Lochziegeln für Wandstärken von 24 cm, 30 cm, 36,5 cm, 38 cm, 40 cm, 42,5 cm oder 49 cm, die allesamt hinsichtlich der Breite identisch ausgebildete Hohlräume beispielsweise einer Breite von 40 mm aufweisen, so dass bei diesen voranstehend beschriebenen Lochziegeln unterschiedlicher Breite grundsätzlich Dämmstoffelemente verwendet werden können, die mit einer entsprechenden Materialstärke ausgebildet sind.According to the invention it is thus provided that bricks different length and width have cavities, which are identical regardless of the length and width of the bricks in terms of their width, so that these cavities in principle with identical wide insulation elements, such as strip, bar or plate-shaped insulating elements from organic or inorganic fibers and / or organic or inorganic expandable or foam materials can be fitted. The provision of different widths of insulating elements is no longer necessary, so that the backfilling of bricks is much more efficient and cheaper. The variability of the bricks is therefore achieved with respect to the different lengths by different width webs between the cavities. Thus, the inventive method allows, for example, the production of bricks, namely perforated bricks for wall thicknesses of 24 cm, 30 cm, 36.5 cm, 38 cm, 40 cm, 42.5 cm or 49 cm, all with respect to the width identically formed cavities, for example Have a width of 40 mm, so that in these above-described perforated bricks of different width fundamentally insulating material elements can be used, which are formed with a corresponding material thickness.
Hinsichtlich der Lösung der voranstehend genannten Aufgabenstellung ist bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Mauersteinsystem gemäß Anspruch 35 vorgesehen, dass der Dämmstoff als Formkörper ausgebildet und reibschlüssig in die Hohlräume eingesetzt ist, wobei der Formkörper vorzugsweise eine gegenüber dem Hohlraum größere Breite und/oder Länge aufweist.With regard to the solution of the above-mentioned problem is provided in a brick system according to the invention according to claim 35, that the insulating material is formed as a molded body and frictionally inserted into the cavities, wherein the shaped body preferably has a relation to the cavity greater width and / or length.
Durch die reibschlüssige Verbindung zwischen dem als Formkörper ausgebildeten Dämmstoff und dem Körper des Mauersteins wird der Dämmstoff im Wesentlichen unverlierbar im Hohlraum angeordnet, so dass auch ein Schneiden des Mauersteins nicht zwingend dazu führt, dass der Dämmstoff aus dem Mauerstein herausfällt. Der erfindungsgemäß ausgebildete Mauerstein ist nicht brennbar und weist eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit von maximal 0,034 W/mK auf.Due to the frictional connection between the molded body formed as insulating material and the body of the brick of insulating material is arranged substantially captive in the cavity, so that a cutting of the brick does not necessarily mean that the insulation falls out of the brick. The brick formed according to the invention is not flammable and has a thermal conductivity of not more than 0.034 W / mK.
Der Mauerstein wird vorzugsweise aus anorganischen Ausgangsmaterialien hergestellt. Beispielsweise können derartige Mauersteine aus einem hydraulisch aushärtenden Ausgangsmaterial, insbesondere aus Zement, Kalk, Kies, Split, Sand, natürlichen und/oder geblähten Leichtzuschlagstoffe mit oder ohne Zusatz von anderen Stoffen, wie beispielsweise Ziegelmehl, Aschen oder ähnlichen Stoffen oder einem wärmehärtbaren Ausgangsmaterial, insbesondere aus Ton, Lehm oder tonigen Massen mit oder ohne Zusatz von anderen Stoffen, wie Magerungs- und/oder Ausbrennstoffe, beispielsweise Polystyrol, Sägemehl, Papierfaserstoff oder dergleichen hergestellt werden.The brick is preferably made of inorganic starting materials. For example, such bricks of a hydraulically hardening starting material, in particular cement, lime, gravel, split, sand, natural and / or expanded lightweight aggregates with or without the addition of other substances such as brick, ashes or similar materials or a thermosetting raw material, in particular clay, loam or clayey masses with or without the addition of other substances, such as lean burn and / or burnout materials, for example polystyrene, sawdust, paper pulp or the like.
Die Herstellung der Mauersteine kann sowohl kontinuierlich im Zuge eines Strangpressverfahrens oder diskontinuierlich erfolgen, in dem die Mauerstein einzeln in einer Form dadurch hergestellt werden, dass eine Vielzahl von Formen mit dem Ausgangsmaterial befüllt werden und das Ausgangsmaterial in den Formen ausgehärtet wird. Wie bereits voranstehend genannt kann der Ausgangsmaterial hydraulisch aushärten oder nach einem Trocknungsvorgang einem Brennofen zugeführt werden, in dem die Mauerstein gebrannt werden. Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bzw. des erfindungsgemäßen Mauersteinsystems ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen bzw. der nachfolgenden Beschreibung vorteilhafter Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bzw. des erfindungsgemäßen Mauersteinsystems.The production of the bricks can be carried out either continuously in the course of an extrusion process or discontinuously in which the brick are produced individually in a mold by filling a plurality of molds with the starting material and curing the starting material in the molds. As mentioned above, the starting material can hydraulically harden or be fed to a kiln after a drying process, in which the brick are fired. Further features and advantages of the method and the brick system according to the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description of advantageous embodiments of the method and the brick system according to the invention.
Eine Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sieht vor, dass die Hohlräume mit unterschiedlichen Längen ausgebildet werden, wobei die größere Länge ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches der kleineren darstellt. Die Hohlräume können somit mit Formkörpern aus Dämmstoffmaterial bestückt werden, wobei die Formkörper grundsätzlich eine übereinstimmende Materialdicke und auf die Hohlräume abgestimmte Längen aufweisen. Vorzugsweise weist der Mauerstein zwei unterschiedlich lange Hohlräume auf, wobei die kürzeren Hohlräume eine Länge aufweisen, die mit der halben Länge der längeren Hohlräume übereinstimmt. Die Formkörper aus Dämmstoffmaterial können daher in einer Breite vorgehalten werden, die der Länge des längeren Hohlraums entspricht, wobei für die Bestükkung der kürzeren Hohlräume das Dämmstoffmaterial zur Bildung der Formkörper in seiner Breite halbiert und anschließend in die Hohlräume mit der kürzeren Länge eingesetzt werden.A development of the method according to the invention provides that the cavities are formed with different lengths, wherein the greater length represents an integer multiple of the smaller. The cavities can thus be fitted with moldings of insulating material, the moldings in principle have a matching material thickness and matched to the cavities lengths. Preferably, the brick on two different lengths cavities, wherein the shorter cavities have a length which coincides with half the length of the longer cavities. The molded body of insulating material can therefore be kept in a width corresponding to the length of the longer cavity, wherein for the Bestükkung the shorter cavities halves the insulation material to form the shaped body in width and then inserted into the cavities with the shorter length.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens werden die Hohlräume sich rechtwinklig zur Längsachse des Körpers erstreckend angeordnet, so dass die Hohlräume in Längsachsenrichtung der aus den Mauersteinen erstellten Gebäudewand verlaufen und eine optimale Wärme- und/oder Schalldämmung einer daraus hergestellten Gebäudewand ermöglichen.According to a further feature of the method according to the invention, the cavities are arranged extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, so that the cavities extend in the longitudinal axis direction of the building wall created from the bricks and allow optimum heat and / or sound insulation of a building wall made therefrom.
Vorzugsweise werden die Hohlräume mit einer Länge ausgebildet, die größer ist, als die Breite der Hohlräume. Weiterhin ist vorgesehen, dass die Hohlräume mit einem rechteckigen Querschnitt ausgebildet werden, so dass die für die Ausfüllung der Hohlräume erforderlichen Formkörper aus Dämmstoffmaterial, beispielsweise aus mit Bindemitteln gebundenen Mineralfasern, bahnen- und/oder plattenförmig vorgehalten werden können, wobei die einzelnen Formkörper von diesen Mineralfaserbahnen oder Mineralfaserplatten durch einen Schnitt rechtwinklig zu den großen Oberflächen der Mineralfaserbahnen oder Mineralfaserplatten abgetrennt werden.Preferably, the cavities are formed with a length that is greater than the width of the cavities. It is further provided that the cavities are formed with a rectangular cross section, so that the required for the filling of the cavities moldings of insulating material, for example, bound with binders mineral fibers, web and / or plate-shaped can be kept, the individual moldings of these Mineral fiber webs or mineral fiber boards are separated by a cut perpendicular to the large surfaces of the mineral fiber webs or mineral fiber boards.
In die Hohlräume werden mit der Querschnittsform der Hohlräume im Wesentlichen übereinstimmende Formkörper aus einem Dämmstoffmaterial eingesetzt. Der Vorteil von nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellten Mauersteinen unterschiedlicher Länge und Breite liegt dann darin, dass die bei sämtlichen Mauersteinen übereinstimmend ausgebildeten Hohlräume ein definiertes Volumen aufweisen, so dass die Herstellung der Mauersteine grundsätzlich mit einem vorbestimmten Volumen an Dämmstoffmaterial erfolgen kann, ohne dass Produktionsabweichungen dazu führen, dass die Hohlräume mit einem zu geringen Anteil Dämmstoffmaterial befüllt sind oder dass überschüssiges Dämmstoffmaterial regelmäßig im Zuge von Reinigungsarbeiten aus der Herstellungsanlage entfernt werden muß.In the cavities are used with the cross-sectional shape of the cavities substantially matching moldings of an insulating material. The advantage of bricks produced by the process according to the invention of different length and width is then that the cavities consistently formed in all the bricks have a defined volume, so that the production of the bricks can basically be done with a predetermined volume of insulating material, without production deviations to lead that the cavities are filled with too little amount of insulation material or that excess insulation material must be removed regularly in the course of cleaning work from the manufacturing plant.
Der Formkörper wird zumindest in Richtung von gegenüberliegend angeordneten Flächen kompressibel ausgebildet und vorzugsweise komprimiert in den Hohlraum eingesetzt. Das Komprimieren des Formkörpers vor dem Einsetzen des Formkörpers in den Hohlraum hat den Vorteil, dass der Formkörper durch die beim Einsetzen gegebenenfalls entstehende erhöhte Reibung an den Innenwandungsflächen des Hohlraums nicht beschädigt wird. Daher besteht die Möglichkeit, beispielsweise Formkörper aus Mineralfasern mit relativ geringer Rohdichte zu verwenden.The shaped body is designed to be compressible at least in the direction of surfaces arranged opposite one another and is preferably used compressed in the cavity. Compressing the shaped body prior to insertion of the shaped body into the cavity has the advantage that the shaped body is not damaged by the increased friction on the inner wall surfaces of the cavity which may arise during insertion. Therefore, there is a possibility, for example Formed body of mineral fibers with relatively low density to use.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird der Formkörper reibschlüssig im Hohlraum eingesetzt, wobei der Formkörper vorzugsweise mit einer gegenüber dem Hohlraum größeren Breite und/oder Länge ausgebildet wird. Ergänzend kann vorgesehen sein, dass der Formkörper mit zumindest einer Innenwandungsfläche des Hohlraums verklebt wird. Wie bereits ausgeführt, werden vorzugsweise Formkörper aus mit Bindemitteln gebundenen Mineralfasern, insbesondere aus Stein- oder Glasfasern verwendet. Alternativ können Formkörper aus Natur-Fasern, wie beispielsweise Flachs, Hanf, Schafswolle und/oder dergleichen vorgesehen sein.According to a further feature of the method according to the invention, the shaped body is frictionally inserted in the cavity, wherein the shaped body is preferably formed with a width and / or length which is greater in relation to the cavity. In addition, it can be provided that the molded body is bonded to at least one inner wall surface of the cavity. As already stated, moldings of mineral fibers bound with binders, in particular of stone or glass fibers, are preferably used. Alternatively, moldings of natural fibers such as flax, hemp, sheep's wool and / or the like may be provided.
Hierbei hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Formkörper mit einem Faserverlauf parallel zu den großen Oberflächen des Formkörpers auszubilden, so dass die Formkörper eine hohe Kompressibilität in Richtung der Flächennormalen der großen Oberflächen des Formkörpers aufweisen und demzufolge in komprimierter Form in die Hohlräume eingesetzt werden können.In this case, it has proved to be advantageous to form the shaped bodies with a fiber course parallel to the large surfaces of the shaped body, so that the shaped bodies have a high compressibility in the direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces of the shaped body and can therefore be inserted into the cavities in compressed form ,
Um die Haftung der Formkörper in den Hohlräumen zu erhöhen, ist nach einem weiteren Merkmal des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens vorgesehen, dass die Innenwandungsflächen der Hohlräume mit einer hohen Oberflächenrauhigkeit ausgebildet werden. Alternativ oder ergänzend kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Innenwandungsflächen der Hohlräume mit punkt- und/oder linienförmigen Vorsprüngen ausgebildet werden, die vorzugsweise eine maximale Höhe von 1 mm aufweisen. Die linienförmigen Vorsprüngen können sich über die gesamte Länge der Hohlräume erstrecken oder nur über eine Teillänge der Hohlräume ausgebildet sein, wobei die linienförmigen Vorsprünge auch unterbrochen ausgebildet sein können.In order to increase the adhesion of the moldings in the cavities, it is provided according to a further feature of the method according to the invention that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities are formed with a high surface roughness. Alternatively or additionally, it can be provided that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities are formed with punctiform and / or linear projections, which preferably have a maximum height of 1 mm. The line-shaped projections may extend over the entire length of the cavities or be formed only over a partial length of the cavities, wherein the line-shaped projections may also be formed interrupted.
Es ist nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Hohlräume in Reihen angeordnet werden. Vorzugsweise werden zwei Hohlräume in jeder Reihe angeordnet, die eine unterschiedliche Länge aufweisen. Dies dient insbesondere dazu, die Stabilität des Mauersteins beizubehalten, so dass der Mauerstein nicht nur über Außenwandungsflächen, sondern auch über Stege im Bereich zwischen benachbarten Hohlräumen einer Reihe verfügt.It is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the cavities are arranged in rows. Preferably, two cavities are arranged in each row, which have a different length. This serves in particular, to maintain the stability of the brick, so that the brick not only on Außenwandungsflächen, but also has webs in the area between adjacent cavities of a series.
Vorzugsweise werden in jeder Reihe zwei Hohlräume angeordnet, wobei ein Hohlraum eine Länge aufweist, die doppelt so groß ist, wie die Länge des zweiten Hohlraums. Die Hohlräume weisen demzufolge ein Längenverhältnis von einem Drittel zu zwei Dritteln auf. Nach einem weiteren Merkmal des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, dass die Hohlräume mit unterschiedlichen Längen in benachbarten Reihen alternierend angeordnet sind, so dass ein zwischen den beiden Hohlräumen angeordneter Steg in Längsrichtung des Mauersteins versetzt zu einem Steg zwischen zwei Hohlräumen einer benachbarten Reihe angeordnet ist. Diese Ausgestaltung dient der Erhöhung der Festigkeit des Mauersteins.Preferably, two cavities are arranged in each row, one cavity having a length twice as long as the length of the second cavity. The cavities thus have an aspect ratio of one third to two thirds. According to a further feature of the method according to the invention it is provided that the cavities are arranged alternately with different lengths in adjacent rows, so that a web arranged between the two cavities is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the brick offset from a web between two cavities of an adjacent row. This embodiment serves to increase the strength of the brick.
Vorzugsweise werden sämtliche Hohlräume mit Dämmstoff gefüllt. Hierbei besteht die Möglichkeit, die Hohlräume mit unterschiedlichen Dämmstoffen zu füllen, so dass der nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren hergestellte Mauerstein auf die jeweiligen Anforderungen in der Gebäudewand eingestellt werden kann. So bestehen beispielsweise hinsichtlich der Schall- und/oder Wärmedämmung unterschiedliche Anforderungen an die Mauersteine, soweit diese im Außenwandbereich oder im Innenwandbereich eines Gebäude verbaut werden. Während im Außenwandbereich in erster Linie die Wärmedämmung von großer Bedeutung ist, sollen die Innenwände in einem Gebäude vornehmlich über schalldämmende Eigenschaften verfügen, wenngleich auch dort wärmedämmende Eigenschaften angestrebt werden.Preferably, all cavities are filled with insulation. In this case, it is possible to fill the cavities with different insulating materials, so that the brick produced by the method according to the invention can be adjusted to the respective requirements in the building wall. Thus, for example, with regard to the sound and / or thermal insulation different requirements for the bricks, as far as they are installed in the outer wall area or in the inner wall area of a building. While in the outer wall area, primarily the thermal insulation is of great importance, the inner walls in a building should primarily have sound insulating properties, although heat-insulating properties are also sought there.
Hohe Schalldämmeigenschaften werden dadurch erzielt, dass zumindest ein Hohlraum, vorzugsweise alle Hohlräume einer Reihe mit einem, insbesondere körnigen Material mit einer Rohdichte von ≥ 1.500 kg/m3, insbesondere ≥ 2.000 kg/m3 befüllt wird bzw. werden. Ein derart hergestellter Mauerstein wird dann vorzugsweise im Außenwandbereich derart eingesetzt, dass ein hohes Schalldämmergebnis erzielt wird.High sound insulation properties are achieved in that at least one cavity, preferably all cavities in a row, are or will be filled with a, in particular granular, material having a bulk density of ≥ 1,500 kg / m 3 , in particular ≥ 2,000 kg / m 3 . A brick produced in this way is then preferably used in the outer wall region in such a way that a high sound-damping result is achieved.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ist es weiterhin in vorteilhafter Weise vorgesehen, dass die Formkörper von einem annähernd endlosen streifenförmigen Dämmstoffmaterial abgetrennt werden. Hierbei kann es vorgesehen sein, dass die Formkörper nach dem Einsetzen in die Hohlräume von dem annähernd endlosen streifenförmigen Dämmstoffmaterial abgetrennt werden. Alternativ besteht die Möglichkeit, dass die Formkörper vor dem Einsetzen in die Hohlräume von dem annähernd endlosen streifenförmigen Dämmstoffmaterial abgetrennt werden. In beiden Fällen können die Formkörper oberflächenbündig mit dem kubischen Körper des Mauersteins abschließen, so dass eine Nachbearbeitung des Mauersteins nicht erforderlich ist. Weist der Mauerstein mehrere in Reihen angeordnete Hohlräume auf, so können selbstverständlich nebeneinander angeordnete endlose streifenförmige Dämmstoffmaterialien entsprechend der Länge der Hohlräume eingefügt und abgetrennt werden. Die Formkörper werden als Streifen, Platten oder Stäbe von einer durch einen oder mehrere Schnitte in Längsrichtung aufgeteilte Mineralfaserbahn hergestellt. Hierbei wird die Mineralfaserbahn oberhalb einer Produktionsstraße für derartige Mauersteine parallel zur Förderrichtung der Mauersteine geführt und entsprechend der Anzahl der erforderlichen Streifen, Platten oder Stäbe in Längsrichtung geschnitten, woraufhin die als Formkörper ausgebildeten Streifen, Platten oder Stäbe komprimiert und in komprimiertem Zustand den Hohlräumen zugeführt werden. In den Hohlräumen entspannen die Formkörper, so dass sie aufgrund ihrer gegenüber den Abmessungen der Hohlräume größeren Länge und/oder Breite in den Hohlräumen reibschlüssig gehalten werden.In the method according to the invention, it is further advantageously provided that the moldings are separated from an approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material. It may be provided that the moldings are separated after insertion into the cavities of the approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material. Alternatively, there is the possibility that the moldings are separated from the approximately endless strip-shaped insulating material prior to insertion into the cavities. In both cases, the moldings can finish flush with the cubic body of the brick, so that a post-processing of the brick is not required. If the brick has a plurality of cavities arranged in rows, then, of course, juxtaposed endless strip-shaped insulating materials can be inserted and removed in accordance with the length of the cavities. The shaped bodies are produced as strips, plates or bars from a mineral fiber web divided by one or more cuts in the longitudinal direction. Here, the mineral fiber web is guided above a production line for such bricks parallel to the conveying direction of the bricks and cut according to the number of required strips, plates or rods in the longitudinal direction, whereupon formed as a shaped body strips, plates or rods are compressed and supplied to the cavities in a compressed state , The shaped bodies relax in the cavities, so that they are frictionally held in the cavities due to their greater length and / or width relative to the dimensions of the cavities.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Mineralfaserbahn entsprechend der Breite der Hohlräume in unterschiedlich breite Streifen, Platten oder Stäbe geschnitten wird, von denen die Formkörper abgetrennt werden.According to a further feature of the invention it is provided that the mineral fiber web is cut according to the width of the cavities in different widths strips, plates or rods, from which the moldings are separated.
Als vorteilhaft hat es sich erwiesen, dass der kubische Körper aus einem Mantelsteinmaterial bzw. einem Ziegelscherben mit einer Rohdichte ≤ 1,70 kg/dm3 hergestellt wird.It has proved to be advantageous that the cubic body is produced from a casing stone material or a brick shard with a bulk density ≦ 1.70 kg / dm 3 .
Um eine hohe Wärmedämmleistung zu erzielen, ist es schließlich bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren vorgesehen, dass der Mauerstein mit einem Steg-Hohlraum-Verhältnis in Wanddickenrichtung von 1 zu 2,2 bis 2,5 und/oder in Wandlängsrichtung von 1 zu 2,0 bis 2,3 hergestellt wird. Ein derartiger Mauerstein weist ein Lochanteil zwischen 56 und annähernd 64 % auf, so dass auch eine entsprechend große Menge Dämmstoffmaterial in den Mauerstein eingebracht werden kann. Erfindungsgemäß ist es damit möglich, den Mauerstein mit einer Wärmleitfähigkeit ≤ 0,09 W/mK herzustellen.In order to achieve a high thermal insulation performance, it is finally provided in a method according to the invention that the brick with a web-cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2.2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2,3 is produced. Such a brick has a proportion of holes between 56 and approximately 64%, so that a correspondingly large amount of insulating material can be introduced into the brick. According to the invention it is thus possible to produce the brick with a thermal conductivity ≤ 0.09 W / mK.
Die voranstehend beschriebenen Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind auch bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Mauersteinsystem gegeben. Das erfindungsgemäße Mauersteinsystem zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass der Dämmstoff als Formkörper ausgebildet und reibschlüssig in die Hohlräume eingesetzt ist, wobei der Formkörper vorzugsweise eine gegenüber dem Hohlraum größere Breite und/oder Länge aufweist. Somit wird der Formkörper fest in die Hohlräume eingefügt, so dass er auch bei den auf Baustellen herrschenden rauhen Arbeitsbedingungen nicht aus dem Mauerstein herausfällt und insbesondere auch dann in den Hohlräumen verbleibt, wenn der Mauerstein beispielsweise derart zurechtgeschnitten wird, dass der Hohlraum einseitig geöffnet ist, so dass der Formkörper lediglich an drei verbleibenden Innenwandungsflächen des Hohlraums anliegt. Hierdurch wird sichergestellt, dass eine aus dem erfindungsgemäßen Mauersteinsystem hergestellte Gebäudewand eine hohe Wärme- und/oder Schalldämmung aufweist.The above-described advantages of the method according to the invention are also given in the brick system according to the invention. The brick system according to the invention is characterized in that the insulating material is formed as a molded body and is frictionally inserted into the cavities, wherein the shaped body preferably has a relation to the cavity greater width and / or length. Thus, the molding is firmly inserted into the cavities, so that it does not fall out of the brick even at the prevailing on site rough working conditions and especially in the cavities remains even if the brick is cut, for example, so that the cavity is open on one side, so that the shaped body rests only on three remaining inner wall surfaces of the cavity. This ensures that a building wall produced from the brick wall system according to the invention has a high thermal and / or acoustic insulation.
Die Hohlräume weisen unterschiedliche Längen und eine identische Breite auf, so dass ein definiertes Volumen vorgegeben ist. Durch die identische Breite der Hohlräume können die einzusetzenden Formkörper, beispielsweise aus Dämmstoffplatten mit konstanter Materialstärke, herausgearbeitet und anschließend in die Hohlräume eingesetzt werden. Die Formkörper sind dann lediglich an die unterschiedlichen Längen der Hohlräume anzupassen. Es hat sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, dass die Hohlräume unterschiedliche Längen aufweisen, wobei die größere Länge ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches der kleineren darstellt, so dass beispielsweise Hohlräume mit halben oder doppelten Längen im Vergleich zu Standardhohlräumen ausgebildet werden können.The cavities have different lengths and an identical width, so that a defined volume is predetermined. Due to the identical width of the cavities, the moldings to be used, for example, from insulating panels with a constant material thickness, worked out and then inserted into the cavities. The moldings are then adapted only to the different lengths of the cavities. It has proved to be advantageous that the cavities have different lengths, wherein the greater length represents an integer multiple of the smaller, so that, for example, cavities with half or double lengths compared to standard cavities can be formed.
Die Hohlräume erstrecken sich vorzugsweise rechtwinklig zur Längsachse des Körpers, wobei die Hohlräume eine Länge aufweisen, die größer ist als die Breite der Hohlräume.The cavities preferably extend at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the body, wherein the cavities have a length that is greater than the width of the cavities.
Ein derartiger Mauerstein lässt sich in einfacher Weise herstellen, wenn die Hohlräume einen rechteckigen Querschnitt aufweisen, so dass die Formkörper ebenfalls rechteckig im Querschnitt ausgebildet werden. Diese Ausgestaltung der Formkörper ist insbesondere bei plattenförmigem Ausgangsmaterial aus Dämmstoffmaterial vorteilhaft, da das Dämmstoffmaterial, welches beispielsweise bahnen- oder plattenförmig angeliefert wird, lediglich durch einen Schnitt in Längsrichtung oder quer hierzu in Streifen aufgeteilt werden muß, die bereits eine auf die Breite der Hohlräume abgestimmte Materialstärke aufweisen, so dass über den auszuführenden Schnitt die Länge des Formkörpers aus Dämmstoffmaterial eingestellt werden kann. Nach einem weiteren Merkmal des erfindungsgemäßen Mauersteins ist vorgesehen, dass die Formkörper zumindest in Richtung von gegenüberliegend angeordneten Flächen kompressibel ausgebildet sind. Durch die Kompressibilität des Formkörpers können diese in einfacher Weise komprimiert in die Hohlräume eingesetzt werden, in denen die Formkörper anschließend expandieren und fest durch Reibschluss in den Hohlräumen gehalten werden.Such a brick can be produced in a simple manner, if the cavities have a rectangular cross section, so that the shaped bodies are also formed rectangular in cross section. This embodiment of the moldings is particularly advantageous in plate-shaped starting material made of insulating material, since the insulating material, which is supplied, for example, sheet or plate-shaped, only by a cut in the longitudinal direction or transversely thereto must be divided into strips, which already matched to the width of the cavities Have material thickness, so that the length of the molded body made of insulating material can be adjusted over the cut to be executed. According to a further feature of the brick according to the invention it is provided that the shaped bodies are formed compressible at least in the direction of oppositely arranged surfaces. Due to the compressibility of the molded body, these can be compressed in a simple manner in the cavities are used, in which then expand the moldings and are held firmly by frictional engagement in the cavities.
Dennoch kann ergänzend vorgesehen sein, dass die Formkörper mit zumindest einer Innenwandungsfläche der Hohlräume verklebt sind. Beispielsweise kann der Formkörper im Bereich einer Außenfläche eine Kleberschicht aufweisen, die nach dem Einsetzen des Formkörpers in den Hohlräumen beispielsweise durch Wärme aktivierbar ist.Nevertheless, it can additionally be provided that the molded bodies are glued to at least one inner wall surface of the cavities. For example, the shaped body in the region of an outer surface may have an adhesive layer which can be activated by heat, for example, after insertion of the shaped body in the cavities.
Die Formkörper sind vorzugsweise aus mit Bindemitteln gebundenen Mineralfasern, insbesondere aus Stein- oder Glasfasern ausgebildet, da diese Dämmstoffe ein ausgezeichnetes Wärme- und/oder Schalldämmverhalten haben, darüber hinaus in Abhängigkeit ihrer Rohdichte in einfacher Weise kompressibel sind. Schließlich sind diese Dämmstoffmaterialien gut zu verarbeiten, insbesondere zuzuschneiden.The moldings are preferably formed from mineral fibers bound to binders, in particular from stone or glass fibers, since these insulating materials have excellent heat and / or sound insulation behavior, moreover they can be compressed in a simple manner depending on their density. Finally, these insulating materials are easy to process, especially to cut.
Nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass die Formkörper aus mit Bindemitteln gebundenen Mineralfasern einen Faserverlauf parallel zu den großen Oberflächen des Formkörpers aufweisen, so dass der Formkörper in Richtung der Flächennormalen der großen Oberflächen kompressibel ausgestaltet ist.According to a further feature of the invention, it is provided that the shaped bodies of mineral fibers bound with binders have a fiber course parallel to the large surfaces of the shaped body, so that the shaped body is made compressible in the direction of the surface normals of the large surfaces.
Um die Haftung der Formkörper in den Hohlräumen zu erhöhen, ist es nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass die Innenwandungsflächen der Hohlräume eine hohe Oberflächenrauhigkeit aufweisen. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Innenwandungsflächen der Hohlräume punkt- und/oder linienförmige, vorzugsweise unterbrochen ausgebildete Vorsprünge haben, die vorzugsweise eine maximale Höhe von 1 mm aufweisen, so dass sie das Einsetzen der Formkörper in die Hohlräume nicht behindern. Die Herstellung der Oberflächenrauhigkeit kann ergänzend oder alternativ durch die Oberflächenstruktur eines Schleppkerns beim Extrudieren eines tonigen Mauerstein-Rohlings oder durch eine entsprechende gestaltete Schalungsform sichergestellt werden.In order to increase the adhesion of the moldings in the cavities, it is provided according to a further feature of the invention that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities have a high surface roughness. Alternatively or additionally, it may be provided that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities have punctiform and / or linear, preferably interrupted protrusions, which preferably have a maximum height of 1 mm, so that they do not hinder the insertion of the moldings into the cavities. The production of surface roughness can be additionally or alternatively ensured by the surface structure of a drag core in extruding a clay brick wall blank or by a corresponding shaped formwork form.
Die Hohlräume sind nach einem weiteren Merkmal des erfindungsgemäßen Mauersteinsystems in Reihen angeordnet, wobei gemäß einer Weiterbildung in jeder Reihe zwei Hohlräume angeordnet sind, die eine unterschiedliche Länge aufweisen. Vorzugsweise sind in jeder Reihe zwei Hohlräume angeordnet, wobei ein Hohlraum eine Länge aufweist, die doppelt so groß ist, wie die Länge des zweiten Hohlraums. Eine Weiterbildung dieser Ausgestaltung sieht vor, dass die Hohlräume mit unterschiedlichen Längen in benachbarten Reihen alternierend angeordnet sind. Die voranstehend beschriebenen Ausgestaltungen führen zu einer hohen Stabilität eines erfindungsgemäßen Mauersteinsystems. Es können nach einem weiteren Merkmal der Erfindung sämtliche Hohlräume des Mauersteins mit Dämmstoff gefüllt sein. Hierbei besteht die Möglichkeit, die Hohlräume mit unterschiedlichen Dämmstoffen zu füllen, um das erfindungsgemäße Mauersteinsystem auf unterschiedliche Anforderungen der im Gebäude innen- oder außenliegenden Gebäudewänden einzustellen.The cavities are arranged in rows according to a further feature of the brick system according to the invention, wherein according to a further development in each row two cavities are arranged, which have a different length. Preferably, two cavities are arranged in each row, with one cavity having a length twice as long as the length of the second cavity. A development of this embodiment provides that the cavities are arranged alternately with different lengths in adjacent rows. The embodiments described above lead to a high stability of a brick system according to the invention. It may be filled with insulation according to a further feature of the invention, all cavities of the brick. In this case, it is possible to fill the cavities with different insulating materials in order to adjust the brick system according to the invention to different requirements of the building walls inside or outside the building.
Eine hohe Schalldämmleistung wird dadurch erzielt, dass zumindest ein Hohlraum, vorzugsweise alle Hohlräume einer Reihe des Mauersteins mit einem, insbesondere körnigen Material mit einer Rohdichte von ≥ 1.500 kg/m3, insbesondere ≥ 2.000 kg/m3 befüllt ist bzw. sind.A high sound insulation performance is achieved in that at least one cavity, preferably all cavities of a row of the brick is or are filled with a, in particular granular material with a density of ≥ 1,500 kg / m 3 , in particular ≥ 2,000 kg / m 3 .
Das erfindungsgemäße Mauersteinsystem besteht vorzugsweise aus einem Mantelsteinmaterial bzw. einem Ziegelscherben mit einer Rohdichte 1,70 kg/dm3, welches vorzugsweise eine Wärmeleitfähigkeit ≤ 0,40 W/m K aufweist und ein Steg/Hohlraum-Verhältnis in Wanddickenrichtung von 1 zu 2,2 bis 2,5 und/oder in Wandlängsrichtung von 1 zu 2,0 bis 2,3 hat. Insgesamt wird ein erfindungsgemäßer, mit Formkörpern aus Dämmstoff gefüllter Mauerstein mit einem Gesamt-Lambda10-Wert ≤ 0,09 W/mK ausgebildet. Die Rohdichten des erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Dämmstoffmaterials aus Mineralfasern liegt insbesondere zwischen 13 kg/m3 und 120 kg/m3 und weist einen Lambda10-Wert von ≤ 0,034 W/mK auf.The brick system according to the invention preferably consists of a casing stone material or a brick shard with a density of 1.70 kg / dm 3 , which preferably has a thermal conductivity ≤ 0.40 W / m K and a web / cavity ratio in the wall thickness direction of 1 to 2, 2 to 2.5 and / or in the longitudinal direction of the wall from 1 to 2.0 to 2.3. Overall, an inventive, filled with moldings of insulating brick with an overall lambda 10 value ≤ 0.09 W / mK is formed. The raw densities of the mineral fiber insulating material provided according to the invention are in particular between 13 kg / m 3 and 120 kg / m 3 and have a lambda 10 value of ≦ 0.034 W / mK.
Weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der zugehörigen Zeichnung, in der bevorzugte Ausführungsformen eines erfindungsgemäßen Mauersteinsystems dargestellt sind. In der Zeichnung zeigen:
- Figur 1
- einen als Lochziegel ausgebildeten Mauerstein für eine Wandstärke von 24 cm in einer Draufsicht;
Figur 2- einen Mauerstein gemäß
Figur 1 für eine Mauerwandstärke von 30 cm in einer Draufsicht; Figur 3- einen Mauerstein gemäß
Figur 1 füreine Mauerwandstärke von 36,5 cm in einer Draufsicht; Figur 4- einen Mauerstein gemäß
Figur 1 für eine Mauerwandstärke von 40 cm in einer Draufsicht und Figur 5- einen Mauerstein gemäß
Figur 1 für eine Mauerwandstärke von 49 cm in einer Draufsicht.
- FIG. 1
- a trained as a perforated brick brick for a wall thickness of 24 cm in a plan view;
- FIG. 2
- a brick according to
FIG. 1 for a wall wall thickness of 30 cm in a plan view; - FIG. 3
- a brick according to
FIG. 1 for a wall thickness of 36.5 cm in a plan view; - FIG. 4
- a brick according to
FIG. 1 for a wall thickness of 40 cm in a plan view and - FIG. 5
- a brick according to
FIG. 1 for a wall thickness of 49 cm in a plan view.
Ein in der
In dem Mauerstein 1 sind parallel zu den Außenwandflächen 3 verlaufende Hohlräume 8 mit einer Länge a und einer Breite b angeordnet. Des Weiteren weist der Mauerstein 1 Hohlräume 9 mit einer Länge c und der Breite b auf. Die Länge c entspricht der halben Länge a.In the brick 1 3 extending
Die Hohlräume 8 und 9 sind in Reihen 10 angeordnet und durch einen Steg 11 mit einer Stegbreite d voneinander getrennt. Die Reihen 10 sind durch Stege 12 voneinander getrennt, wobei die Stege 12 eine Stegbreite e aufweisen.The
Ferner weist der Mauerstein 1 im Bereich der Außenwandflächen 3 Außenwände 13 mit einer Dicke f und im Bereich der Außenwandflächen 4, 5 Außenwände 14 mit einer Dicke g auf.Furthermore, the brick 1 has in the area of the
Die in
Die Hohlräume 8, 9 sind mit Formkörpern 15 aus mit Bindemitteln gebundenen Mineralfasern ausgefüllt, wobei die Mineralfasern einen Faserverlauf parallel zur Längsachse der Hohlräume 8, 9 aufweisen. Die Formkörper 15 sind kompressibel ausgebildet und werden in komprimiertem Zustand in die Hohlräume 8, 9 eingesetzt. Die Formkörper 15 weisen im entspannten Zustand eine im Vergleich zur Breite d der Hohlräume 8, 9 größere Materialstärke auf, so dass die Formkörper 15 reibschlüssig in den Hohlräumen 8, 9 gehalten sind. Im Übrigen entsprechen die Formkörper 15 hinsichtlich ihrer Außenkontur den im Querschnitt rechteckig ausgebildeten Hohlräumen 8, 9 des Mauersteins 1.The
Wenngleich in
Die in den
Die Stege 11 weisen eine Stegbreite d von 7,334 mm auf. Die Dicke g der Außenwand 14 beträgt 7,33 mm im Bereich der beiden in
In der
Im Unterschied zur Ausführungsform gemäß
Bei den voranstehend angegebenen Maßen a bis g und L weist der Mauerstein 1 gemäß
In
Die Formkörper 15 sind in die Hohlräume 8, 9 eingesetzt, welche Hohlräume 8, 9 in sieben parallelen Reihen 10 vorgesehen sind. Der Mauerstein 1 gemäß
Schließlich zeigt
Im Vergleich zu den voranstehend beschriebenen Mauersteinen 1 weist auch der Mauerstein 1 gemäß
Die voranstehend beschriebenen und in den
Anschließend ist es bei sämtlichen voranstehend dargestellten Mauersteinen 1 mit unterschiedlicher Breite B problemlos möglich, die Hohlräume 8, 9 mit übereinstimmenden Formkörpern 15 zu befüllen, da die Hohlräume 8 bei sämtlichen Mauersteinen 1 der
Claims (62)
- A method for producing bricks having different lengths and widths,
wherein a first brick which comprises a first width and a second brick which comprises a second width differing from the first width, is produced, wherein each brick comprises an essentially cubical body which has a height, a length and a width, wherein each cubical body comprises several, at least two cavities (8, 9) having a length (a, c) and a width (b) and being separated from each other by webs (11, 12), which cavities at least partially serve to receive an insulating material, wherein each brick is produced from a starting material while forming the cavities,
characterized in
that all cavities (8, 9) of the bricks (1) having a different width are produced with an identical width (b) and preferably a defined volume by means of respectively one predetermined width of the webs (11, 12) between the cavities (8, 9), and that the width of each cubical body corresponds to an integer fraction, in particular 1/1, 1/2 or 1/3 of the thickness of a wall made of a plurality of bricks. - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the brick (1) is produced from inorganic starting materials. - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the bricks (1) are extruded or individually produced in a mould. - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the bricks (1) are produced from a hydraulically hardening starting material, in particular from cement, lime, gravel, grit, sand, natural and/or expanded lightweight aggregate products with or without addition of other materials, such as for example brick-dust, ashes or similar materials or a thermo-hardening starting material, in particular from clay, loam or clayey masses with or without addition of other materials, such as tempering and/or opening materials, for example polystyrene, sawdust, paper pulp or the like. - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) are formed with different lengths (a, c), wherein the lengths (a) are integer multiples of the lengths (c). - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) are arranged such that they extend in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body (2). - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) are formed with a length (a, c) which is greater than the width (b) of the cavities (8, 9). - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) are formed with a rectangular cross section. - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that a moulded body (15) made of an insulating material and essentially in accordance with the cross sectional shape of the cavities (8, 9) is inserted into the cavities (8, 9). - A method according to claim 9,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are compressible at least in the direction of opposite surfaces and are preferably inserted into the cavities (8, 9) in a compressed form. - A method according to claim 9 or 10,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are formed with a greater width and/or length with respect to the cavities (8, 9). - A method according to claim 9,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are complementarily glued to at least one inner wall surface of the cavities (8, 9). - A method according to claim 9,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are produced from mineral fibers bound with binding agents, in particular from stone, glass or slag fibers. - A method according to claim 9,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies are produced from natural fiber materials, such as hemp, flax, lamb's wool or cotton in a bound or unbound form. - A method according to claim 13 or 14,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are formed with a fiber orientation that extends in parallel to the great surfaces of the moulded body (15). - A method according to claim 9,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are plate-, bar- or strip-shaped. - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities (8, 9) are formed with a high surface roughness. - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities (8, 9) are formed with punctiform and/or line-shaped projections which preferably comprise a maximum height of 1 mm. - A method according to claim 17,
characterized in
that the surface roughness of the inner wall surfaces of the cavities (8, 9) is formed by drag cores comprising a corresponding roughening surface. - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) are arranged in rows (10). - A method according to claim 20,
characterized in
that two cavities (8, 9) are arranged in each row (10), which cavities comprise different lengths (a, c). - A method according to claim 20,
characterized in
that two cavities (8, 9) are arranged in each row (10), wherein one cavity (8) comprises a length which is twice as long as the length of the second cavity (9). - A method according to claim 20 or 21,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) having different lengths (a, c) are alternately arranged in adjacent rows (10). - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that all cavities (8, 9) are filled with an insulating material. - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) are filled with different insulating materials. - A method according to claim 1 or 20,
characterized in
that at least one cavity (8, 9), preferably all cavities (8, 9) of a row (10) is respectively are filled with an especially granular material having a raw density of ≥ 1500 kg/m3, in particular ≥ 2000 kg/m3. - A method according to claim 9,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are separated from an approximately endless strip-like insulating material. - A method according to claim 27,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are separated from the approximately endless strip-like insulating material after having been inserted into the cavities (8, 9). - A method according to claim 27,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are separated from the approximately endless strip-like insulating material before being inserted into the cavities (8, 9). - A method according to claim 9,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are separated from a mineral fiber element, in particular in the longitudinal direction thereof, as strips, plates or bars. - A method according to claim 30,
characterized in
that the mineral fiber element is separated into strips, plates or bars having a different width corresponding to the width (b) of the cavities (8, 9), from which strips, plates or bars the moulded bodies (15) are separated. - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the body (2) is produced from a mantle block material or a brick body having a raw density of < 1.70 kg/dm3. - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the brick (1) is produced with a thermal conductivity of ≤ 0.40 W/mK. - A method according to claim 1,
characterized in
that the brick (1) is produced with a web-cavity ratio in the longitudinal direction of 1 to 2.2 until 2.5 and/or in the direction of width of 1 to 2.0 until 2.3. - A brick system, in particular a perforated brick system comprising at least a first and a second brick (1), in particular a perforated brick, wherein each brick comprises an essentially cubical body which has a height, a length and a width, wherein each cubical body comprises several, at least two cavities (8, 9) having a length (a, c) and a width (b) and being separated from each other by webs (11, 12), which cavities at least partially serve to receive an insulating material, wherein the insulating material is designed as a moulded body (15), wherein the moulded body (15) is inserted into the cavities (8, 9) in a frictionally locking manner, wherein the moulded body preferably comprises a a greater width and/or length with respect to the cavity, wherein the first brick comprises a first width and the second brick comprises a second width differing from the first width, characterized in that all cavities (8, 9) of all the bricks (1) comprise an identical width (b) and preferably a defined volume by means of respectively one predetermined width of the webs, wherein the width of each cubical body corresponds to an integer fraction, in particular 1/1, 1/2 or 1/3 of the thickness of a wall made of a plurality of bricks.
- A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) comprise different lengths (a, c). - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) are formed with different lengths (a, c), wherein the lengths (a) are integer multiples of the lengths (c). - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) are arranged such that they extend in parallel to the longitudinal axis of the body (2). - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) comprise a length (a, c) which is greater than the width (b) of the cavities (8, 9). - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) comprise a rectangular cross section. - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized in
that moulded bodies (15) made of an insulating material and essentially in accordance with the cross sectional shape of the cavities (8, 9) are inserted into the cavities (8, 9). - A brick system according to claim 41,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are compressible at least in the direction of opposite surfaces. - A brick system according to claim 41,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are complementarily glued to at least one inner wall surface of the cavities (8, 9). - A brick system according to claim 41,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are produced from mineral fibers bound with binding agents, in particular from stone or glass fibers. - A brick system according to claim 44,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) comprise a fiber orientation that extends in parallel to the great surfaces of the moulded bodies (15). - A brick system according to claim 41,
characterized in
that the moulded bodies (15) are plate-, bar- or strip-shaped. - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized in
that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities (8, 9) comprise a high surface roughness. - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized in
that the inner wall surfaces of the cavities (8, 9) are formed with punctiform and/or line-shaped, in particular interrupted projections which preferably comprise a maximum height of 1 mm. - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) are arranged in rows (10). - A brick system according to claim 49,
characterized in
that two cavities (8, 9) are arranged in each row (10), which cavities comprise different lengths (a, c). - A brick system according to claim 49,
characterized in
that two cavities (8, 9) are arranged in each row (10), wherein one cavity (8) comprises a length (a) which is twice as long as the length (c) of the second cavity (9). - A brick system according to one of the claims 49 through 51, characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) having different lengths are alternately arranged in adjacent rows (10). - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized in
that all cavities (8, 9) are filled with an insulating material. - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized in
that the cavities (8, 9) are filled with different insulating materials. - A brick system according to claim 35 or 49,
characterized in
that at least one cavity (8, 9), preferably all cavities (8, 9) of a row (10) is respectively are filled with an especially granular material having a raw density of ≥ 1500 kg/m3, in particular ≥ 2000 kg/m3. - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized in
that the body (2) consist of a mantle block material or a brick body having a raw density of < 1.70 kg/dm3. - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized by
a thermal conductivity of ≤ 0.09 W/mK. - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized by
a web-cavity ratio in its longitudinal direction preferably oriented in the direction of the wall thickness of 1 to 2.2 until 2.5 and/or in its direction of width preferably oriented in the longitudinal direction of the wall of 1 to 2.0 until 2.3. - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized in
that the body consists of a starting material having a thermal conductivity of maximum 0.40 W/mK. - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized
by inorganic starting materials. - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized
by a hydraulically hardening starting material, in particular cement, lime, gravel, grit, sand, natural and/or expanded lightweight aggregate products with or without addition of other materials, such as for example brick-dust, ashes or similar materials. - A brick system according to claim 35,
characterized
by a thermo-hardening starting material, in particular clay, loam or clayey masses with or without addition of other materials, such as tempering and/or opening materials, for example polystyrene, sawdust, paper pulp or the like.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102005034809 | 2005-07-21 | ||
DE102006002825A DE102006002825B4 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2006-01-19 | Set of bricks |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1752592A2 EP1752592A2 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
EP1752592A3 EP1752592A3 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
EP1752592B1 true EP1752592B1 (en) | 2016-08-17 |
Family
ID=37103308
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP06015272.5A Active EP1752592B1 (en) | 2005-07-21 | 2006-07-21 | Method of making bricks and brick system made by this method |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1752592B1 (en) |
DE (2) | DE102006002825B4 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2595495T3 (en) |
HU (1) | HUE031024T2 (en) |
PL (1) | PL1752592T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE202007009654U1 (en) | 2007-07-10 | 2008-11-13 | Klb Klimaleichtblock Gmbh | Brick with insulation |
CN100564755C (en) * | 2007-12-21 | 2009-12-02 | 西北农林科技大学 | Light phase-change heat-insulation wall building block |
PL217077B1 (en) * | 2008-02-04 | 2014-06-30 | Trzaskoma Małgorzata | Building element |
DE202008005297U1 (en) | 2008-04-16 | 2008-07-10 | Ziegelwerk Ott Deisendorf Gmbh & Co. Besitz-Kg | Brick with several juxtaposed rows of cavities |
DE202009004631U1 (en) | 2009-04-03 | 2010-08-19 | Klb Klimaleichtblock Gmbh | Brick with joint insulation |
DE202009016311U1 (en) | 2009-12-02 | 2010-04-08 | Ziegelwerk Ott Deisendorf Gmbh & Co. Besitz-Kg | Brick with several juxtaposed rows of cavities |
DE102010016877A1 (en) * | 2010-05-11 | 2011-11-17 | Michael Kellerer | Brick with insulation filling |
AT513570A1 (en) * | 2012-10-15 | 2014-05-15 | Tondach Gleinstätten Ag | Building bricks |
EP4357547A1 (en) * | 2022-10-21 | 2024-04-24 | Ceramix AG | Building product |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19807040A1 (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 1999-08-26 | Schlagmann Baustoffwerke Gmbh | Heat insulation tile for insulation and fire protection walls |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE866382C (en) * | 1946-06-21 | 1953-02-09 | Wilhelm Dipl-Ing Juergensmeyer | Building block and building block arrangement |
FR2201377B1 (en) * | 1972-09-22 | 1976-03-12 | Marseille Tuileries | |
DE2954310C2 (en) * | 1978-10-12 | 1986-09-18 | Roland Innsbruck Katholnigg | Process for the production of extruded hollow bricks from clay as well as plant and extrusion press for carrying out the process |
AT367680B (en) * | 1979-05-07 | 1982-07-26 | Quehenberger Andreas | DEVICE FOR INSERTING INSULATION PANELS IN THE CORRESPONDING CAVITY OF COMPONENTS |
ATA23180A (en) * | 1980-01-17 | 1981-07-15 | Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag | HOLLOW BLOCK |
DE8504737U1 (en) * | 1985-02-20 | 1985-05-09 | Schlepps, geb. Podlesch, Gertrud, 4790 Paderborn | Hollow building block |
DE3532590A1 (en) * | 1985-09-12 | 1987-03-19 | Fritz N Musil | WALLSTONE |
DE29609385U1 (en) * | 1996-05-25 | 1996-08-14 | Nikol Schaller Ziegelwerk GmbH & Co KG, 95145 Oberkotzau | Lattice brick |
DE20012221U1 (en) * | 1999-09-29 | 2000-12-21 | Nikol Schaller Ziegelwerk GmbH & Co KG, 95145 Oberkotzau | brick |
EP1199417A3 (en) * | 2000-10-17 | 2003-07-16 | Juwö-Engineering GmbH | Building block and method for equipping a perforated brick with inserts |
DE10058463A1 (en) * | 2000-11-24 | 2002-05-29 | Stefan Geyer | Brick has cavities which are partially or completely filled with mineral wool which is water-repellent and present in the cavities in cushion form |
DE10217548A1 (en) * | 2002-04-19 | 2003-11-13 | Stefan Geyer | Mineral wool insertion system for stuffing cavity of hollow brick has two plates pressed together to compress piece of mineral wool to small enough size to be inserted into hollow brick |
DE10229856B4 (en) * | 2002-07-03 | 2005-06-09 | Kramer, Paul, Dipl.-Ing. | Perforated thermal insulation stone |
-
2006
- 2006-01-19 DE DE102006002825A patent/DE102006002825B4/en active Active
- 2006-01-19 DE DE202006007890U patent/DE202006007890U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2006-07-21 PL PL06015272T patent/PL1752592T3/en unknown
- 2006-07-21 ES ES06015272.5T patent/ES2595495T3/en active Active
- 2006-07-21 HU HUE06015272A patent/HUE031024T2/en unknown
- 2006-07-21 EP EP06015272.5A patent/EP1752592B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19807040A1 (en) * | 1998-02-19 | 1999-08-26 | Schlagmann Baustoffwerke Gmbh | Heat insulation tile for insulation and fire protection walls |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102006002825B4 (en) | 2008-07-24 |
DE202006007890U1 (en) | 2006-07-20 |
EP1752592A3 (en) | 2011-01-05 |
PL1752592T3 (en) | 2017-03-31 |
HUE031024T2 (en) | 2017-06-28 |
EP1752592A2 (en) | 2007-02-14 |
DE102006002825A1 (en) | 2007-02-15 |
ES2595495T3 (en) | 2016-12-30 |
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