EP0584455B1 - Vertically perforated lightweight brick - Google Patents

Vertically perforated lightweight brick Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0584455B1
EP0584455B1 EP93107414A EP93107414A EP0584455B1 EP 0584455 B1 EP0584455 B1 EP 0584455B1 EP 93107414 A EP93107414 A EP 93107414A EP 93107414 A EP93107414 A EP 93107414A EP 0584455 B1 EP0584455 B1 EP 0584455B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
holes
brick
light brick
brick according
another
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EP93107414A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0584455A2 (en
EP0584455A3 (en
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Raimund Rimmele
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Priority claimed from DE19924228087 external-priority patent/DE4228087A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19924239616 external-priority patent/DE4239616A1/en
Priority claimed from DE19934305747 external-priority patent/DE4305747C2/en
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Priority to DE9321414U priority Critical patent/DE9321414U1/en
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    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • E04B2/16Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position
    • E04B2/18Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element using elements having specially-designed means for stabilising the position by interlocking of projections or inserts with indentations, e.g. of tongues, grooves, dovetails
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0208Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of trapezoidal shape
    • EFIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04BUILDING
    • E04BGENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0202Details of connections
    • E04B2002/0204Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections
    • E04B2002/0213Non-undercut connections, e.g. tongue and groove connections of round shape

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a perforated light brick according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such bricks are used for the construction of brick masonry predominantly in residential construction, namely conventionally bricked or bricked as a facing brick with thin-bed mortar. They are described for example in DE-A-3402541.
  • the known bricks of this type have a slot perforation, the holes having a rectangular, elliptical, in any case elongated cross section and forming continuous vertical channels open at the top and bottom.
  • the longitudinal axis of the hole cross section extends in the longitudinal direction of the brick and the holes of adjacent rows of holes are often offset with respect to one another in the longitudinal direction.
  • the best in terms of thermal insulation, especially known in Germany, have a coefficient of thermal conductivity of ⁇ 0.15 [W / m ⁇ K] or worse.
  • the invention is based on the object of proposing a lightweight brick which, with sufficient static strength, has a significantly better thermal insulation behavior than known lightweight bricks, in particular a coefficient of thermal conductivity ⁇ ⁇ 0.16 [W / m ⁇ K] exhibits and at the same time has a good airborne sound absorption capacity (sound rigidity) without any tendency towards longitudinal sound conduction.
  • This object is achieved in the case of a perforated lightweight brick by the characterizing features of claim 1.
  • the basic idea is that a hole arrangement with many small holes and short webs can achieve a high degree of rigidity and, given the proportion of holes, high compressive strength.
  • the key determinant of the thermal properties is the web thickness. It is therefore advisable to proceed in such a way that the web thickness is first set to a value that is as small as possible and then patterns with increasing percentages of holes are to be examined for their static and acoustic suitability.
  • all possible hole patterns come into consideration, the holes of which are not particularly slit-shaped.
  • a hole cross-section in the form of a regular hexagon is particularly suitable.
  • This structure specified in the honeycomb can be used extremely in a new dimension with thin webs.
  • the compressive strength of a brick with honeycomb perforation is at least 25% higher for the same brick density than for bricks with conventional hole patterns.
  • the ideal mouthpiece barrel is also remarkable about the honeycomb perforation. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that the web thicknesses are the same at every point. But even in comparison to a similarly filigree check pattern, the clay runs much better through the mouthpiece because the bridges do not cross, but only three bridges meet. In a crossroads, the clay shoots ahead because the friction is lower in this area. However, a good mouthpiece run means careful shaping of the thin-walled structure and thus the full use of its strength.
  • the honeycomb pattern can itself be oriented as desired with respect to the longitudinal direction of the brick. However, it is preferable to lay the pattern in such a way that the heat path in the transverse direction of the brick is extended as much as possible, and this is the case when webs are perpendicular to the visible surfaces of the brick or two opposite corners of the hexagons face the visible surfaces. The heat path extension is then 33%.
  • good ductility of the moist clay strand is important, which can be achieved by enriching the brick clay with a proportion of about 5 to 25% fat clay.
  • Fat clay is a high quality clay with a high Al2O3 content. In this way, in addition to the structurally favorable perforation pattern, the strength of the brick is positively influenced despite the large number of perforations.
  • the butt joint area is always problematic in terms of heat technology in known brick molds because of the large material accumulations at this point. This is especially true for heat-optimized slotted-hole bricks, since a thick outer layer of brick must support the structurally weak inner area to compensate.
  • the proposed filigree small hole structure is so stable that the butt side can be provided with a relatively thin outer layer, which is at most about three times the thickness of the honeycomb webs, preferably two or two and a half times the thickness.
  • the butt surfaces of the brick are essentially mirror-symmetrical to one another, according to the hole pattern and the course of the walls, which the holes successively in the transverse direction close to the outside, projections and depressions are formed so that the corresponding projections of two colliding bricks come into contact with one another and the corresponding depressions each together form a cavity.
  • material accumulations are reduced to an unprecedented degree and thermal bridges are avoided.
  • the structure of such a joint area differs only minimally from the rest of the hole pattern, because the cavities of the depressions, which add up in pairs, also form holes similarly.
  • At least one tongue and one groove should be arranged in a matching manner on each butt joint.
  • a spring projecting beyond the projections is provided on one of the two abutment surfaces of a brick, which spring fits into one of the recesses provided in the adjacent brick.
  • several springs can also be provided on this joint surface his.
  • one spring per brick is preferable because the brick can then be placed on the other joint surface if desired after extrusion. In order to be able to insert the spring easily into the associated depression, it is proposed to make this depression somewhat wider than the other depressions and accordingly to slightly deform the laterally adjacent holes.
  • the brick inhibits the longitudinal sound conduction and is therefore particularly suitable for external walls. With regard to the brick density, values down to 0.4 kg / dm3 are possible.
  • the brick is therefore extremely light and little clay material and, accordingly, little energy, in particular when firing, is required for its production.
  • the low weight is advantageous when processing and transporting. Lower energy tonnage saves more energy.
  • the low wall weight which has not been achieved so far, enables the brick to be used, for example, for partitions on unsupported ceilings where bricks could not previously be used.
  • the proposed bricks can be separated better in the transverse direction, which leads to lower losses due to brick smashing in practical construction work.
  • the bricks have a hexagon honeycomb pattern, the hexagons are arranged so that two opposite corners each point to the side walls 5 and part of the webs 6 is perpendicular to the side walls.
  • the thickness of the webs is just over 2 mm.
  • the percentage of holes in this honeycomb pattern is 66.5%.
  • the hexagon holes are slightly blunted.
  • the walls 7 of the bricks on the butt sides follow the outer wall sections of those hexagon holes which form the last, transverse row of holes of each brick. This results in projections 8 and depressions 9.
  • the thickness of the walls 7 changes between approximately 3 and 4.5 mm and is therefore less than three times the web thickness.
  • the spring 4 projects beyond the projections 8. If you disregard the area of this single tongue 4 and the associated groove 3, the butt-sided walls 7 of the two bricks are designed to be mirror-symmetrical to one another.
  • the corresponding projections 8 lie against one another.
  • the corresponding recesses 9 of both bricks each form a hexagonal cavity 10 with one another.
  • the butt sides of the two bricks only experience irregularities in the area of tongue and groove, which are arranged in the vicinity of a side wall 5.
  • the groove 3 is widened somewhat more than the other depressions 9.
  • the tongue 4 contains a cavity 11 in the form of a partially cut hexagon.
  • the cavities 10 and 11 act approximately like the other hexagon holes, so that the joint area as a whole continues the honeycomb structure and thereby has an almost undiminished heat-insulating effect.
  • the brick shown completely in Fig. 2 has 21 rows of holes.
  • the hole row spacing a is approximately 14 mm.
  • the single wedge-shaped spring 4 fits into one of the three grooves 3, 12, 14 arranged next to the visible surfaces 5.
  • the brick shown is 256 mm long and 312 mm wide (thickness of the brick wall).
  • the clear width of the honeycomb (perpendicular to the webs) is 14 mm.
  • the thickness of the side walls 5 is 7 mm and the thickness of the walls 7 measured 5.5 mm in the joint direction.
  • the two abutting surfaces are essentially mirror-symmetrical to one another.
  • this hole pattern scheme can also be used to design bricks for thicker or thinner walls in accordance with national standards, for which purpose more or fewer rows of holes must be provided in the longitudinal direction.
  • the brick density class 0.5 kg / dm3 is achieved.
  • bricks of the gross density class 0.8 kg / dm3 the unit weight is reduced from 13.5 kg to 9 kg.
  • the same static pressure resistance is nevertheless achieved.
  • the airborne sound absorption capacity in all spatial directions is superior to that of all previously known perforations.
  • Computer calculations carried out, which are based on average cullet bulk densities, leave a coefficient of thermal conductivity measured on the dry brick ⁇ 0.11 [W / m ⁇ K] expect.
  • the bricks with a round hole pattern according to FIG. 3 show the same principle of the formation of the abutting surface, in that projections 8 'and depressions 9' are also formed, as they result from a cut made in a transverse plane from the hole pattern.
  • the projections have flat sections, the depressions are circular.
  • the hole shape of the example according to FIG. 4 is a corner corner shortened in the transverse direction of the brick.
  • the rows of holes are not offset from one another, but rather the webs form a cross-lattice. Nevertheless, corresponding projections 8 '' 'and depressions 9' '' are formed on the abutting surfaces.
  • the projections contain holes 15 shortened to approximately half the length, so that the common cavity 10 ′′ ′′ formed by two depressions is approximately the size of a normal rectangle hole.
  • the spring 4 '' ' is designed with wedge-shaped flanks.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Soundproofing, Sound Blocking, And Sound Damping (AREA)
  • External Artificial Organs (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)
  • Devices Affording Protection Of Roads Or Walls For Sound Insulation (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • Baking, Grill, Roasting (AREA)
  • Fertilizing (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)

Abstract

The invention proposes a vertically perforated lightweight brick having a perforation pattern comprising perforations which form a plurality of perforation rows, extending in the longitudinal direction and are separated from one another by webs (6). In order to achieve an improved coefficient of thermal conduction and to reduce the longitudinal conduction of sound, the combination of the following features is proposed: thickness of the webs (6) </= 3.4 mm, ratio of the largest and smallest internal width of the perforation cross-section is between 1 : 1 and 1 : 2, spacing (a) of the perforation rows </= 17 mm, proportion of perforations >/= 60 % and relative density of the clay body </= 1.6 kg/dm<3>. Hexagonal perforations with corners directed towards the side walls (5) and a fibrous pore-forming agent are to be preferred. The abutment surfaces are to be configured such that they are essentially mirror-symmetrical with respect to one another, with the result that protrusions (8) rest against one another and the depressions (9) together form a cavity (10). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Hochloch-Leichtziegel nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1. Solche Ziegel werden zur Ausführung von Ziegelmauerwerk vorwiegend im Wohnungsbau verwendet, und zwar herkömmlich vermauert oder als Planziegel mit Dünnbettmörtel vermauert. Sie sind beispielsweise in der DE-A-3402541 beschrieben.The invention relates to a perforated light brick according to the preamble of claim 1. Such bricks are used for the construction of brick masonry predominantly in residential construction, namely conventionally bricked or bricked as a facing brick with thin-bed mortar. They are described for example in DE-A-3402541.

Die bekannten Ziegel dieser Art haben eine Schlitzlochung, wobei die Löcher einen rechteckigen, elliptischen, auf jeden Fall länglichen Querschnitt haben und oben und unten offene durchgehende vertikale Kanäle bilden. Die Längsachse des Lochquerschnitts erstreckt sich in Ziegellängsrichtung und die Löcher benachbarter Lochreihen sind häufig in Längsrichtung gegeneinander versetzt. Die hinsichtlich der Wärmedämmung besten, insbesondere in Deutschland bekannten Ziegel haben eine Wärmeleitzahl von λ = 0,15 [W/m·K]

Figure imgb0001
oder schlechter.The known bricks of this type have a slot perforation, the holes having a rectangular, elliptical, in any case elongated cross section and forming continuous vertical channels open at the top and bottom. The longitudinal axis of the hole cross section extends in the longitudinal direction of the brick and the holes of adjacent rows of holes are often offset with respect to one another in the longitudinal direction. The best in terms of thermal insulation, especially known in Germany, have a coefficient of thermal conductivity of λ = 0.15 [W / m · K]
Figure imgb0001
or worse.

Das Bestreben, die schlitzförmigen Löcher immer länger zu machen, findet jedoch seine Grenze in einer erhöhten Brüchigkeit des Ziegels. Ferner erwiesen sich solche langstegigen Ziegel als wenig druckfest im Hinblick auf die baustatischen Anforderungen. Die Druckfestigkeit ist bislang eine unüberwindliche Barriere auf dem Weg zu Ziegeln mit noch besserem Wärmedämmvermögen. Und schließlich ist noch festzuhalten, daß bei bekannten wärmetechnisch optimierten Ziegeln mit Schlitzlochung das akustische Phänomen der sogenannten Schallängsleitung auftritt.The endeavor to make the slit-shaped holes longer and longer is limited by the increased brittleness of the brick. Furthermore, such long-wall bricks proved to be less pressure-resistant with regard to the structural requirements. So far, compressive strength has been an insurmountable barrier on the way to bricks with even better thermal insulation properties. And finally, it should be noted that the acoustic phenomenon of the so-called longitudinal sound conduction occurs in known thermally optimized bricks with slot perforation.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Leichtziegel vorzuschlagen, der bei ausreichender statischer Festigkeit ein nennenswert besseres Wärmedämmverhalten als bekannte Leichtziegel hat, insbesondere eine Wärmeleitzahl λ < 0,16 [W/m·K]

Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
aufweist und zugleich ein gutes Luftschall-Absorptionsvermögen (Schallsteifigkeit) ohne Tendenz zur Schallängsleitung hat. Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Hochloch-Leichtziegel durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst.The invention is based on the object of proposing a lightweight brick which, with sufficient static strength, has a significantly better thermal insulation behavior than known lightweight bricks, in particular a coefficient of thermal conductivity λ <0.16 [W / m · K]
Figure imgb0002
Figure imgb0003
exhibits and at the same time has a good airborne sound absorption capacity (sound rigidity) without any tendency towards longitudinal sound conduction. This object is achieved in the case of a perforated lightweight brick by the characterizing features of claim 1.

Der Grundgedanke besteht darin, daß man durch eine Lochanordnung mit vielen kleinen Löchern und kurzen Stegen eine hohe Steifigkeit und gemessen am Lochanteil hohe Druckfestigkeit erreichen kann. Wesentliche Bestimmungsgröße für die thermischen Eigenschaften ist die Stegdicke. Zweckmäßigerweise ist deshalb so vorzugehen, daß zunächst die Stegdicke auf einen möglichst kleinen Wert festgelegt wird und sodann Muster mit steigenden prozentualen Lochanteilen auf ihre statische und akustische Eignung hin zu untersuchen sind.The basic idea is that a hole arrangement with many small holes and short webs can achieve a high degree of rigidity and, given the proportion of holes, high compressive strength. The key determinant of the thermal properties is the web thickness. It is therefore advisable to proceed in such a way that the web thickness is first set to a value that is as small as possible and then patterns with increasing percentages of holes are to be examined for their static and acoustic suitability.

Schon mit einer Stegdicke von 3,4 mm oder weniger können bei einem Lochanteil von 60 % oder mehr überraschend niedrige Wärmeleitzahlen erreicht werden.Even with a web thickness of 3.4 mm or less, surprisingly low thermal conductivities can be achieved with a hole percentage of 60% or more.

Im Sinne der Erfindung kommen an sich alle möglichen Lochmuster in Betracht, deren Löcher nicht ausgeprägt schlitzförmig sind. Ein Lochquerschnitt in der Form eines regelmäßigen Sechsecks ist besonders geeignet. Diese in der Bienenwabe vorgegebene Struktur läßt sich in einer neuen Dimensionierung mit dünnen Stegen extrem nutzen. Die Druckfestigkeit eines Ziegels mit Wabenlochung ist bei gleicher Ziegelrohdichte um mindestens 25 % höher als bei Ziegeln mit üblichen Lochbildern.For the purposes of the invention, all possible hole patterns come into consideration, the holes of which are not particularly slit-shaped. A hole cross-section in the form of a regular hexagon is particularly suitable. This structure specified in the honeycomb can be used extremely in a new dimension with thin webs. The compressive strength of a brick with honeycomb perforation is at least 25% higher for the same brick density than for bricks with conventional hole patterns.

Bemerkenswert an der Wabenlochung ist auch der ideale Mundstückslauf. Das rührt zum einen daher, daß die Stegdicken an jeder Stelle gleich sind. Aber auch im Vergleich zu einem ähnlich filigranen Karomuster läuft die Tonmasse wesentlich besser durch das Mundstück, weil die Stege sich nicht kreuzen, sondern nur drei Stege zusammentreffen. In einer Kreuzung schießt der Ton vor, weil in diesem Bereich die Reibung geringer ist. Guter Mundstückslauf bedeutet aber sorgfältige Ausformung der dünnwandigen Struktur und damit die volle Nutzung von deren Festigkeit.The ideal mouthpiece barrel is also remarkable about the honeycomb perforation. On the one hand, this is due to the fact that the web thicknesses are the same at every point. But even in comparison to a similarly filigree check pattern, the clay runs much better through the mouthpiece because the bridges do not cross, but only three bridges meet. In a crossroads, the clay shoots ahead because the friction is lower in this area. However, a good mouthpiece run means careful shaping of the thin-walled structure and thus the full use of its strength.

Das Wabenmuster kann bezüglich der Ziegellängsrichtung an sich beliebig orientiert sein. Vorzugsweise wird man das Muster jedoch so legen, daß der Wärmeweg in Ziegelquerrrichtung möglichst stark verlängert wird und das ist der Fall, wenn Stege senkrecht zu den Sichtflächen des Ziegels verlaufen bzw. zwei gegenüberliegende Ecken der Sechsecke den Sichtflächen zugewandt sind. Die Wärmewegverlängerung beträgt dann 33 %.The honeycomb pattern can itself be oriented as desired with respect to the longitudinal direction of the brick. However, it is preferable to lay the pattern in such a way that the heat path in the transverse direction of the brick is extended as much as possible, and this is the case when webs are perpendicular to the visible surfaces of the brick or two opposite corners of the hexagons face the visible surfaces. The heat path extension is then 33%.

Zentrisch möglichst symmetrische Lochquerschnitte, insbesondere der sechseckige Querschnitt, bieten als wesentlichen Vorteil eine nahezu gleiche Steifigkeit in allen Richtungen. Dadurch wird eine Schallängsleitung, d. h. eine Schallweiterleitung in der Wandebene, verhindert. Dies ist heute eines der wichtigsten Kriterien bei Bausteinen für Außenwände.Hole cross sections that are as symmetrical as possible, in particular the hexagonal cross section, offer the essential advantage of almost the same stiffness in all directions. This prevents longitudinal sound conduction, ie sound transmission in the wall plane. This is today one of the most important criteria for building blocks for exterior walls.

Andererseits ergeben sich Vorteile bei der Fertigung der Ziegel. Schon die getrockneten Formlinge haben eine hohe Bruchfestigkeit und sind daher auch ideal zum Planschleifen der Lagerflächen, weil sie an den Sichtflächen sehr fest eingespannt werden können.On the other hand, there are advantages in the manufacture of the bricks. Even the dried moldings have a high breaking strength and are therefore ideal for grinding the bearing surfaces, because they can be clamped very firmly on the visible surfaces.

Die Absenkung der Scherbenrohdichte durch Porosierung sollte nicht zu weit getrieben werden, weil dadurch die Tragfestigkeit zwangsläufig sinkt. Im Hinblick auf das Hauptziel einer Erhöhung der Wärmedämmfähigkeit ist es besser, Scherbenrohdichten von 1,6 kg/dm³ oder wenig darunter anzustreben. Dabei ist die Verwendung eines faserigen Porosierungsmittels, insbesondere die Verwendung von Papierfasern, besonders vorteilhaft. Dadurch ergeben sich beim Brennen faserige, kreuz- und querliegende Poren, welche im Gegensatz zu Hohlräumen aufgrund von gekörnten oder kugeligen Porosierungsmitteln eine eher homogene Gefügestruktur ergeben und den Kraftfluß nicht stören. Es ist aber auch möglich, andere feine Porosierungsmittel einzusetzen, z. B. einen nicht mit Schadstoffen belasteten feinen Klärschlamm.The lowering of the cullet bulk density by porosity should not be pushed too far, because this inevitably reduces the load-bearing capacity. In view of the main goal of increasing the thermal insulation capacity, it is better to aim for broken glass densities of 1.6 kg / dm³ or less. The use of a fibrous porosity agent, in particular the use of paper fibers, is particularly advantageous. This results in fibrous, cross and transverse pores during firing which, in contrast to cavities due to granular or spherical porosity agents, result in a more homogeneous structure and do not disturb the flow of force. However, it is also possible to use other fine porosity agents, e.g. B. a fine sewage sludge not contaminated with pollutants.

Ferner ist eine gute Bildsamkeit des feuchten Tonstrangs wichtig, was dadurch erreicht werden kann, daß der Ziegelton mit einem Anteil von etwa 5 bis 25 % fetten Tons angereichert wird. Fetter Ton ist ein hochwertiger Ton mit hohem Al₂O₃-Gehalt. Damit wird unterstützend zum statisch günstigen Lochmuster die Festigkeit des Ziegels trotz hohen Lochanteils günstig beeinflußt.Furthermore, good ductility of the moist clay strand is important, which can be achieved by enriching the brick clay with a proportion of about 5 to 25% fat clay. Fat clay is a high quality clay with a high Al₂O₃ content. In this way, in addition to the structurally favorable perforation pattern, the strength of the brick is positively influenced despite the large number of perforations.

Der Stoßfugenbereich ist bei bekannten Ziegelsteinformen wegen der großen Materialanhäufungen an dieser Stelle wärmetechnisch stets problematisch. Dies gilt besonders für wärmeoptimierte Schlitzloch-Ziegel, da eine dicke Ziegelaußenschicht den statisch schwachen inneren Bereich ausgleichend stützen muß. Im Gegensatz dazu ist die vorgeschlagene filigrane Kleinlochstruktur so stabil, daß die Stoßseite mit einer verhältnismäßig dünnen Außenschicht versehen werden kann, die höchstens etwa die dreifache Dicke der Wabenstege hat, vorzugsweise die zwei- oder zweieinhalbfache Dicke.The butt joint area is always problematic in terms of heat technology in known brick molds because of the large material accumulations at this point. This is especially true for heat-optimized slotted-hole bricks, since a thick outer layer of brick must support the structurally weak inner area to compensate. In contrast, the proposed filigree small hole structure is so stable that the butt side can be provided with a relatively thin outer layer, which is at most about three times the thickness of the honeycomb webs, preferably two or two and a half times the thickness.

Außerdem wird hinsichtlich der Gestaltung der Stoßseite des Ziegels vom verbreiteten Nut-Feder-System abgegangen und statt dessen vorgeschlagen, daß die Stoßflächen des Ziegels im wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander ausgebildet sind, wobei entsprechend dem Lochmuster und dem Verlauf der Wände, welche die in Querrichtung aufeinanderfolgenden Löcher nach außen abschließen, Vorsprünge und Vertiefungen gebildet sind, so daß die einander entsprechenden Vorsprünge zweier zusammenstoßender Ziegel aneinander zur Anlage kommen und die einander entsprechenden Vertiefungen jeweils zusammen einen Hohlraum bilden. Dadurch werden Materialanhäufungen in einem bisher nicht gekannten Maß reduziert und Wärmebrücken vermieden. Ein derart ausgebildeter Stoßbereich unterscheidet sich in seinem Gefüge nur noch minimal vom übrigen Lochmuster, weil die sich paarig addierenden Hohlräume der Vertiefungen ebenfalls ähnlich Löcher bilden.In addition, with regard to the design of the butt side of the brick, the widespread tongue and groove system is abandoned and instead it is proposed that the butt surfaces of the brick are essentially mirror-symmetrical to one another, according to the hole pattern and the course of the walls, which the holes successively in the transverse direction close to the outside, projections and depressions are formed so that the corresponding projections of two colliding bricks come into contact with one another and the corresponding depressions each together form a cavity. As a result, material accumulations are reduced to an unprecedented degree and thermal bridges are avoided. The structure of such a joint area differs only minimally from the rest of the hole pattern, because the cavities of the depressions, which add up in pairs, also form holes similarly.

Um den beim Aneinanderstoßen möglicherweise verbleibenden dünnen Spalt zu schließen und die Ziegel als Versetzhilfe wenigstens in einem geringen Maße formschlüssig ineinandergreifen zu lassen, sollten an jeder Stoßfuge wenigstens eine Feder und eine Nut zusammenpassend angeordnet sein. Dazu reicht es aus, daß an einer der beiden Stoßflächen eines Ziegels eine über die Vorsprünge hinausstehende Feder vorgesehen ist, die in eine der ohnehin vorgesehenen Vertiefungen des anstoßenden Nachbarziegels paßt. Natürlich können an dieser Stoßfläche auch mehrere Federn vorgesehen sein. Eine Feder pro Ziegel ist jedoch vorzuziehen, weil der Ziegel dann nach dem Extrudieren gewünschtenfalls auf der anderen Stoßfläche abgelegt werden kann. Um die Feder leicht in die zugehörige Vertiefung einfügen zu können, wird vorgeschlagen, diese Vertiefung etwas breiter als die übrigen Vertiefungen zu machen und die seitlich anschließenden Löcher dementsprechend leicht zu deformieren.In order to close the thin gap that may remain when they meet, and to allow the bricks to interlock at least to a small extent as a moving aid, at least one tongue and one groove should be arranged in a matching manner on each butt joint. For this purpose, it is sufficient that a spring projecting beyond the projections is provided on one of the two abutment surfaces of a brick, which spring fits into one of the recesses provided in the adjacent brick. Of course, several springs can also be provided on this joint surface his. However, one spring per brick is preferable because the brick can then be placed on the other joint surface if desired after extrusion. In order to be able to insert the spring easily into the associated depression, it is proposed to make this depression somewhat wider than the other depressions and accordingly to slightly deform the laterally adjacent holes.

Um den vorgeschlagenen Leichtziegel beim Verarbeiten gut greifen zu können, wird vorgeschlagen, im mittleren Bereich zwei Grifflöcher anzubringen, wobei diese unter dem Gesichtspunkt der Materialersparnis durch Weglassen einer Gruppe von Löchern gebildet sind. Die Besonderheit dieser Grifflöcher besteht also darin, daß sie keine eigenständige geometrische Querschnittsform, z. B. Kreis oder Rechteck, haben, sondern einfach dem Lochmuster folgen, wobei die Dicke der Wand des Grifflochs im Vergleich zur Stegdicke nicht oder nur unwesentlich verstärkt ist.In order to be able to grip the proposed light brick well during processing, it is proposed to make two grip holes in the central area, these being formed from the point of saving material by omitting a group of holes. The peculiarity of these finger holes is that they do not have an independent geometric cross-sectional shape, e.g. B. circle or rectangle, but simply follow the hole pattern, the thickness of the wall of the grip hole is not or only insignificantly reinforced compared to the web thickness.

Der vorgeschlagene Leichtziegel ist in mehrfacher Hinsicht besser als die bekannten Ziegel seiner Art, ohne daß dadurch Nachteile, insbesondere hinsichtlich der Tragfestigkeit, in Kauf genommen werden müssen. Vor allem kann eine enorm günstige gemessene Wärmeleitzahl von λ = 0,11 [W/m·K]

Figure imgb0004
Figure imgb0005
erwartet werden. Der Ziegel hemmt die Schallängsleitung und eignet sich deshalb besonders für Außenwände. Bezüglich der Ziegelrohdichte liegen Werte bis zu 0,4 kg/dm³ herunter im Bereich des Möglichen. Der Ziegel hat somit ein außerordentlich geringes Gewicht und es wird wenig Tonmaterial und dementsprechend wenig Energie, insbesondere beim Brennen, zu seiner Herstellung benötigt. Das geringe Gewicht tritt beim Verarbeiten und beim Transportieren vorteilhaft in Erscheinung. Durch geringere Transporttonnage wird weitere Energie gespart. Das bislang nicht erreichte niedrige Wandgewicht ermöglicht den Einsatz der Ziegel beispielsweise für Trennwände auf nicht unterstützten Decken, wo Ziegel bisher nicht eingesetzt werden konnten. Im Gegensatz zu Langlochziegeln lassen sich die vorgeschlagenen Ziegel besser in Querrichtung trennen, was im praktischen Baubetrieb zu geringeren Verlusten durch Zertrümmern von Ziegeln führt.The proposed light brick is better than the known bricks of its kind in several respects, without having to accept disadvantages, particularly with regard to the load-bearing capacity. Above all, an extremely favorable measured coefficient of thermal conductivity of λ = 0.11 [W / m · K]
Figure imgb0004
Figure imgb0005
to be expected. The brick inhibits the longitudinal sound conduction and is therefore particularly suitable for external walls. With regard to the brick density, values down to 0.4 kg / dm³ are possible. The brick is therefore extremely light and little clay material and, accordingly, little energy, in particular when firing, is required for its production. The low weight is advantageous when processing and transporting. Lower energy tonnage saves more energy. The low wall weight, which has not been achieved so far, enables the brick to be used, for example, for partitions on unsupported ceilings where bricks could not previously be used. In contrast to elongated perforated bricks, the proposed bricks can be separated better in the transverse direction, which leads to lower losses due to brick smashing in practical construction work.

Schließlich ist noch ein Vorteil des beschriebenen Ziegels nachzutragen, der dann zum Tragen kommt, wenn die Ziegel an den Lagerflächen nicht geschliffen sind und konventionell vermauert werden. Die dünnen Stege und die faserigen Porosierungseinschlüsse haben zur Folge, daß die Stege beim Schneiden verzogen werden. An den Schnittkanten bildet sich ein Bart, der die ohnehin kleinen Öffnungen der Löcher teilweise zudeckt, jedenfalls aber ihren lichten Querschnitt verringert. Das führt zu einem bisher unerreicht geringen Mörteleinfall, d. h. daß der Mörtel im wesentlichen in der Lagerfuge verbleibt und nur ein verschwindend kleiner Teil in die Löcher einfällt.Finally, there is an added advantage of the brick described, which comes into play when the bricks on the bearing surfaces are not ground and are conventionally bricked up. The thin webs and the fibrous porosity inclusions have the consequence that the webs are distorted during cutting. A beard forms at the cut edges, which partially covers the already small openings of the holes, but at least reduces their clear cross section. This leads to an unprecedented small amount of mortar, ie the mortar remains essentially in the bed joint and only a negligibly small part falls into the holes.

Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand der Zeichnung erläutert. Es zeigt

Fig. 1
zwei Teilstücke von aneinandergefügten Leichtziegeln mit Wabenlochung in Draufsicht in natürlicher Größe,
Fig. 2
einen Horizontalschnitt (Lochbild) eines ganzen Ziegels in kleinerem Maßstab,
Fig. 3
zwei Teilstücke von aneinandergefügten Leichtziegeln mit Rundlochung in Draufsicht in schematischer Darstellung,
Fig. 4
eine entsprechende Darstellung mit einer abgeflachten Sechsecklochung,
Fig. 5
eine entsprechende Darstellung mit einer versetzten Quadratlochung,
Fig. 6
eine entsprechende Darstellung mit einer Recktecklochung.
Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to the drawing. It shows
Fig. 1
two sections of light bricks joined together with perforated honeycomb in top view in natural size,
Fig. 2
a horizontal section (hole pattern) of an entire brick on a smaller scale,
Fig. 3
two sections of light bricks joined together with round perforation in plan view in a schematic representation,
Fig. 4
a corresponding representation with a flattened hexagon perforation,
Fig. 5
a corresponding representation with an offset square perforation,
Fig. 6
a corresponding representation with a rectangular perforation.

Sodann werden noch schematische Beispiele anderer verwendbarer Lochmuster gegeben, nämlich

Fig. 7
mit regelmäßig angeordneten quadratischen Löchern,
Fig. 8
mit versetzten Rechteck-Löchern und
Fig. 9
mit Löchern von gleichseitig dreieckigem Querschnitt.
Then schematic examples of other usable hole patterns are given, namely
Fig. 7
with regular square holes,
Fig. 8
with offset rectangle holes and
Fig. 9
with holes of equilateral triangular cross-section.

Gemäß Fig. 1 liegen zwei Ziegel 1 und 2 mit ihren Stoßseiten aneinander. Es ist eine besondere Nut 3 am Ziegel 1 und eine Feder 4 am Ziegel 2 dargestellt. Der Ziegel 2 ist im Prinzip eine Teil-Vergrößerung des in Fig. 2 vollständig dargestellten Ziegels. Die Feder 4 ist nur an einer Stoßfläche des Ziegels einmal vorhanden. Eine Seitenwand des Ziegels ist mit 5 bezeichnet. Diese gibt auch die Längsrichtung der Ziegel an.1, two bricks 1 and 2 lie together with their abutting sides. There is a special groove 3 on brick 1 and one Spring 4 shown on brick 2. The brick 2 is in principle a partial enlargement of the brick shown completely in FIG. 2. The spring 4 is only present once on an abutting surface of the brick. A side wall of the brick is designated 5. This also indicates the longitudinal direction of the bricks.

Die Ziegel haben im übrigen ein Sechseck-Wabenmuster, wobei die Sechsecke so angeordnet sind, daß je zwei einander gegenüberliegende Ecken zu den Seitenwänden 5 zeigen und ein Teil der Stege 6 senkrecht zu den Seitenwänden steht. Die Dicke der Stege beträgt etwas mehr als 2 mm. Der Lochanteil bei diesem Wabenmuster beträgt 66,5 %. An den Seitenwänden 5 sind die Sechseck-Löcher leicht abgestumpft.The bricks have a hexagon honeycomb pattern, the hexagons are arranged so that two opposite corners each point to the side walls 5 and part of the webs 6 is perpendicular to the side walls. The thickness of the webs is just over 2 mm. The percentage of holes in this honeycomb pattern is 66.5%. On the side walls 5, the hexagon holes are slightly blunted.

Die Wände 7 der Ziegel an den Stoßseiten folgen den Außenwandabschnitten derjenigen Sechseck-Löcher, welche die letzte, in Querrichtung verlaufende Lochreihe jedes Ziegels bilden. Dadurch entstehen Vorsprünge 8 und Vertiefungen 9. Die Dicke der Wände 7 wechselt zwischen etwa 3 und 4,5 mm und beträgt somit weniger als das Dreifache der Stegdicke. Die Feder 4 steht über die Vorsprünge 8 vor. Sieht man von dem Bereich dieser einzigen Feder 4 und der zugehörigen Nut 3 einmal ab, so sind die stoßseitigen Wände 7 der beiden Ziegel zueinander spiegelsymmetrisch gestaltet. Die einander entsprechenden Vorsprünge 8 liegen aneinander. Die einander entsprechenden Vertiefungen 9 beider Ziegel bilden jeweils miteinander einen sechseckigen Hohlraum 10. Unregelmäßigkeiten erfahren die Stoßseiten der beiden Ziegel lediglich im Bereich von Nut und Feder, die in der Nähe einer Seitenwand 5 angeordnet sind. Die Nut 3 ist etwas stärker ausgeweitet als die übrigen Vertiefungen 9. Die Feder 4 enthält einen Hohlraum 11 in Form eines teilweise angeschnittenen Sechsecks.The walls 7 of the bricks on the butt sides follow the outer wall sections of those hexagon holes which form the last, transverse row of holes of each brick. This results in projections 8 and depressions 9. The thickness of the walls 7 changes between approximately 3 and 4.5 mm and is therefore less than three times the web thickness. The spring 4 projects beyond the projections 8. If you disregard the area of this single tongue 4 and the associated groove 3, the butt-sided walls 7 of the two bricks are designed to be mirror-symmetrical to one another. The corresponding projections 8 lie against one another. The corresponding recesses 9 of both bricks each form a hexagonal cavity 10 with one another. The butt sides of the two bricks only experience irregularities in the area of tongue and groove, which are arranged in the vicinity of a side wall 5. The groove 3 is widened somewhat more than the other depressions 9. The tongue 4 contains a cavity 11 in the form of a partially cut hexagon.

Die Hohlräume 10 und 11 wirken aus einer gewissen Distanz betrachtet etwa wie die übrigen Sechseck-Löcher, so daß der Stoßbereich insgesamt die Wabenstruktur fortsetzt und dadurch einen nahezu unverminderten wärmedämmenden Effekt hat.When viewed from a certain distance, the cavities 10 and 11 act approximately like the other hexagon holes, so that the joint area as a whole continues the honeycomb structure and thereby has an almost undiminished heat-insulating effect.

Der in Fig. 2 komplett dargestellte Ziegel hat 21 Lochreihen. Der Lochreihenabstand a beträgt etwa 14 mm. Die einzige keilförmige Feder 4 paßt bei einem identischen Nachbarziegel in eine der drei jeweils nächst den Sichtflächen 5 angeordneten Nuten 3, 12, 14.The brick shown completely in Fig. 2 has 21 rows of holes. The hole row spacing a is approximately 14 mm. In the case of an identical neighboring tile, the single wedge-shaped spring 4 fits into one of the three grooves 3, 12, 14 arranged next to the visible surfaces 5.

Der Vorteil dieser unüblichen Anordnung nur einer Feder 4 oder alternativ mehrerer Federn an nur einer Stoßseite liegt darin, daß der frisch extrudierte noch weiche Formling auf seiner federlosen Stoßseite ohne Beschädigung aufgelegt und befördert werden kann. Es hat sich nämlich gezeigt, daß bei so geringen Stegdicken die Stabilität des Gefüges in Seitenlage nicht ausreicht, das eigene Gewicht zu tragen, weil die schrägen Stege in diesem Fall zur Schwerkraftrichtung einen Winkel von 60° bilden und sich deshalb verbiegen können. Es besteht die Gefahr, daß der Formling in dieser Lage teilweise in sich zusammensinkt. Dagegen ist die Steifigkeit völlig ausreichend, wenn der Formling auf die Stoßfläche gestellt wird. In dieser Lage bilden die schrägen Stege einen Winkel von nur 30° mit der Schwerkraftrichtung und haben somit eine höhere Knickfestigkeit. Das Eigengewicht des Formlings wird auf die in einer gemeinsamen Querebene liegenden Vorderflächen der Vorsprünge 8 gleichmäßig verteilt.The advantage of this unusual arrangement of only one spring 4 or, alternatively, a plurality of springs on only one end face is that the freshly extruded, yet soft molded article can be placed and transported on its springless end face without damage. It has been shown that with such small web thicknesses, the stability of the structure in the lateral position is not sufficient to bear its own weight, because in this case the inclined webs form an angle of 60 ° to the direction of gravity and can therefore bend. There is a risk that the molding will partially collapse in this position. On the other hand, the rigidity is completely sufficient when the molding is placed on the abutting surface. In this position, the inclined webs form an angle of only 30 ° with the direction of gravity and therefore have a higher resistance to buckling. The weight of the molding is evenly distributed over the front surfaces of the projections 8 lying in a common transverse plane.

Schließlich sind bei diesem Leichtziegel noch zwei Grifflöcher 14 zu erwähnen, die im mittleren Ziegelbereich in Längsrichtung hintereinander angeordnet sind. Jedes Griffloch 14 ist entstanden durch Weglassen von sieben Sechseck-Löchern.Finally, two handle holes 14 are to be mentioned in this light brick, which are arranged one behind the other in the longitudinal direction in the central brick area. Each grip hole 14 was created by omitting seven hexagon holes.

Der dargestellte Ziegel ist 256 mm lang und 312 mm breit (Dicke der gemauerten Wand). Die lichte Weite der Waben (senkrecht zu den Stegen) beträgt 14 mm. Die Dicke der Seitenwände 5 beträgt 7 mm und die Dicke der Wände 7 in Stoßrichtung gemessen 5,5 mm. Die beiden Stoßflächen sind im wesentlichen spiegelsymmetrisch zueinander geformt. Selbstverständlich können mit diesem Lochbildschema auch Ziegel für dickere oder dünnere Wände entsprechend den nationalen Maßnormen konzipiert werden, wozu dann jeweils entsprechend mehr bzw. weniger Lochreihen in Längsrichtung vorzusehen sind.The brick shown is 256 mm long and 312 mm wide (thickness of the brick wall). The clear width of the honeycomb (perpendicular to the webs) is 14 mm. The thickness of the side walls 5 is 7 mm and the thickness of the walls 7 measured 5.5 mm in the joint direction. The two abutting surfaces are essentially mirror-symmetrical to one another. Of course, this hole pattern scheme can also be used to design bricks for thicker or thinner walls in accordance with national standards, for which purpose more or fewer rows of holes must be provided in the longitudinal direction.

Mit diesem Ziegel wird die Ziegel-Rohdichteklasse 0,5 kg/dm³ erreicht. Bezogen auf entsprechende bekannte Ziegel, wie z. B. unter der Handelsbezeichnung POROTON T auf dem Markt befindliche Ziegel der Rohdichteklasse 0,8 kg/dm³, wird das Stückgewicht von 13,5 kg auf 9 kg gesenkt. Trotzdem wird die gleiche statische Druckfestigkeit erreicht. Das Luftschall-Absorptionsvermögen in allen räumlichen Richtungen ist dem sämtlicher bisher bekannter Lochungen überlegen. Durchgeführte Computerberechnungen, die auf mittleren Scherben-Rohdichten basieren, lassen eine am trockenen Ziegel gemessene Wärmeleitzahl von λ = 0,11 [W/m·K]

Figure imgb0006
erwarten.With this brick, the brick density class 0.5 kg / dm³ is achieved. Based on corresponding known bricks, such as. For example, under the trade name POROTON T, bricks of the gross density class 0.8 kg / dm³, the unit weight is reduced from 13.5 kg to 9 kg. The same static pressure resistance is nevertheless achieved. The airborne sound absorption capacity in all spatial directions is superior to that of all previously known perforations. Computer calculations carried out, which are based on average cullet bulk densities, leave a coefficient of thermal conductivity measured on the dry brick λ = 0.11 [W / m · K]
Figure imgb0006
expect.

Die Ziegel mit Rundlochmuster nach Fig. 3 zeigen insoweit das gleiche Prinzip der Stoßflächenausbildung, als ebenfalls Vorsprünge 8' und Vertiefungen 9' gebildet sind, wie sie sich bei einem in einer Querebene geführten Schnitt aus dem Lochmuster ergeben. Die Vorsprünge haben ebene Abschnitte, die Vertiefungen sind kreisrund ausgelegt. Der Wölbungsradius der Feder 4' entspricht etwa dem Radius der runden Löcher, der Wölbungsradius der entsprechenden Nut ist etwas größer gehalten.The bricks with a round hole pattern according to FIG. 3 show the same principle of the formation of the abutting surface, in that projections 8 'and depressions 9' are also formed, as they result from a cut made in a transverse plane from the hole pattern. The projections have flat sections, the depressions are circular. The radius of curvature of the tongue 4 'corresponds approximately to the radius of the round holes, the radius of curvature of the corresponding groove is kept somewhat larger.

Die Lochform des Beispiels nach Fig. 4 ist ein in Ziegelquerrichtung verkürztes Seckseck. Auch hier sind Vorsprünge 8'', Vertiefungen 9'' und eine Feder 4'' zu unterscheiden, die in ihrer Form den Löchern ähnlich sind.The hole shape of the example according to FIG. 4 is a corner corner shortened in the transverse direction of the brick. Are here too Differentiate projections 8 ", depressions 9" and a spring 4 ", which are similar in shape to the holes.

Bei dem Beispiel nach Fig. 5 gibt es ebenfalls aneinanderliegende Vorsprünge und einander entsprechende, jeweils einen gemeinsamen Hohlraum bildende Vertiefungen. Bei der gezeigten Feder wurde vom übrigen Lochmuster insofern abgewichen, als die Feder und ihre entsprechende Nut keilförmige Flanken aufweist, was eine entsprechende Veränderung der benachbarten Löcher zur Folge hat.In the example according to FIG. 5, there are also projections lying against one another and corresponding depressions, each forming a common cavity. In the tongue shown, there was a deviation from the rest of the hole pattern in that the tongue and its corresponding groove have wedge-shaped flanks, which results in a corresponding change in the adjacent holes.

Bei dem Lochmuster nach Fig. 6 sind im Gegensatz zu allen vorhergehenden Beispielen die Lochreihen nicht gegeneinander versetzt, vielmehr bilden die Stege ein Kreuzgitter. Trotzdem sind an den Stoßflächen einander entsprechende Vorsprünge 8''' und Vertiefungen 9''' gebildet. Die Vorsprünge enthalten auf etwa die halbe Länge gekürzte Löcher 15, so daß der von je zwei Vertiefungen gebildete gemeinsame Hohlraum 10''' etwa die Größe eines normalen Reckteckloches hat. Auch hier ist die Feder 4''' mit keilförmigen Flanken ausgebildet.6, in contrast to all of the previous examples, the rows of holes are not offset from one another, but rather the webs form a cross-lattice. Nevertheless, corresponding projections 8 '' 'and depressions 9' '' are formed on the abutting surfaces. The projections contain holes 15 shortened to approximately half the length, so that the common cavity 10 ″ ″ formed by two depressions is approximately the size of a normal rectangle hole. Here too, the spring 4 '' 'is designed with wedge-shaped flanks.

Die Figuren 7 bis 9 geben weitere Lochmuster-Beispiele, die bei erfindungsgemäßen Ziegeln Anwendung finden können.

1
Ziegel
2
Ziegel
3
Nut
4
Feder
4'
Feder
4''
Feder
4'''
Feder
5
Seitenwand
6
Steg
7
Wand
8
Vorsprung
8'
Vorsprung
8''
Vorsprung
9
Vertiefung
9'
Vertiefung
9''
Vertiefung
10
Hohlraum
10'''
Hohlraum
11
Hohlraum
12
Nut
13
Nut
14
Griffloch
15
Loch
a
Abstand
FIGS. 7 to 9 give further hole pattern examples which can be used in bricks according to the invention.
1
brick
2nd
brick
3rd
Groove
4th
feather
4 '
feather
4 ''
feather
4 '''
feather
5
Side wall
6
web
7
wall
8th
head Start
8th'
head Start
8th''
head Start
9
deepening
9 '
deepening
9 ''
deepening
10th
cavity
10 '''
cavity
11
cavity
12th
Groove
13
Groove
14
Finger hole
15
hole
a
distance

Claims (11)

  1. Highly-perforated light brick with a pattern of holes comprising several rows of holes extending in longitudinal direction and frame links separating the holes from one another, characterised by the following features:
    a) The thickness of the frame links (6) is 3.4 mm or less.
    b) The ratio of the greatest to the smallest internal width of the hole cross-section is between 1:1 and 2:1.
    c) The distance (a) between the rows of holes is 17 mm or less.
    d) The proportion of holes is 60 % or more.
    e) The body bulk density is 1.6 kg/dm³ or less.
  2. Light brick according to claim 1, characterised by hexagonal-honeycomb perforations.
  3. Light brick according to Claim 2, characterised by an arrangement of the honeycomb pattern whereby the honeycomb frame links (6) are perpendicular to the visible surfaces (5) of the brick.
  4. Light brick according to claim 1, characterised by the use of a fibrous porosity agent.
  5. Light brick according to claim 4, characterised by the use of paper fibre as porosity agents.
  6. Light brick according to claim 1, characterised in that its external walls (7) are at most three times the thickness of the frame links (6) at the joining surfaces.
  7. Light brick according to claim 1, characterised in that the joining surfaces of the brick are designed to be essentially symmetrical to one another, whereby according to the pattern of holes and the shape of the walls (7), which seal off the sequence of holes in a lateral direction, projections (8) and recesses (9) are formed, so that the corresponding projections (8) of two connecting bricks (1, 2) are aligned with one another and the corresponding recesses (9) together form a cavity (10).
  8. Light brick according to claim 7, characterised in that it has a tongue (4) protruding beyond the projections on at least one of its two joining surfaces which fits into one of the recesses of the adjacent brick (1) forming a groove (3, 12, 13).
  9. Light brick according to claim 8, characterised in that several tongues are provided per joining surface.
  10. Light brick according to claim 8, characterised in that the groove (3) which coincides with the tongue (4) of the adjacent brick is slightly wider than the other recesses (9) with a small deformation of the holes to the sides of the groove (3).
  11. Light brick according to one of the preceding claims. characterised in that two handle grips (14) are provided in the central region by omitting a set of holes.
EP93107414A 1992-08-24 1993-05-07 Vertically perforated lightweight brick Expired - Lifetime EP0584455B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9321414U DE9321414U1 (en) 1992-08-24 1993-05-07 Perforated light brick

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19924228087 DE4228087A1 (en) 1992-08-24 1992-08-24 High hole light brick
DE4228087 1992-08-24
DE19924239616 DE4239616A1 (en) 1992-11-25 1992-11-25 High hole light brick
DE4239616 1992-11-25
DE4305747 1993-02-25
DE19934305747 DE4305747C2 (en) 1993-02-25 1993-02-25 Vertically perforated lightweight brick

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0584455A2 EP0584455A2 (en) 1994-03-02
EP0584455A3 EP0584455A3 (en) 1994-06-01
EP0584455B1 true EP0584455B1 (en) 1995-08-30

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AT (1) ATE127190T1 (en)
DE (1) DE59300532D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2078083T3 (en)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4328113A1 (en) * 1993-08-20 1995-02-23 Unipor Ziegel Marketing Gmbh Masonry made of porous perforated bricks, as well as bricks and mortar therefor
DE59702860D1 (en) * 1997-10-16 2001-02-08 Ziegelwerk Bellenberg Wiest & Light perforated brick
DE20307429U1 (en) * 2003-05-12 2003-08-07 Ullermann Klaus brick
EP1596018A3 (en) * 2004-05-11 2007-02-14 Ullermann, Klaus Building block , compound and method of making

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB434127A (en) * 1934-02-23 1935-08-23 Leslie Eric Hamson Improvements in building and refractory bricks or blocks
US2501185A (en) 1945-12-07 1950-03-21 Metals & Controls Corp Temperature and pressure operated valve
DE802951C (en) * 1949-11-12 1951-02-26 Dachziegelwerke E C Spingler G Multi-perforated brick made of fired clay or other materials with staggered perforations
AT276706B (en) * 1968-04-12 1969-12-10 Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag Extruded hollow brick
FR2296065A1 (en) * 1974-12-23 1976-07-23 Sturm Jean Philippe Vertical wall building blocks - are notched on lateral joint faces and have insutating strips in bedding layers
AT339018B (en) * 1975-09-09 1977-09-26 Wienerberger Baustoffind Ag EXTRUDED HOLLOW BRICKS
DE2833412C2 (en) * 1978-07-29 1982-12-09 Johann 8081 Oberweikertshofen Kellerer Vertically perforated brick
DE3402541A1 (en) * 1984-01-26 1985-08-01 Ziegelmundstückbau Braun GmbH, 7990 Friedrichshafen Perforated block, in particular large building block

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2078083T3 (en) 1995-12-01
DE59300532D1 (en) 1995-10-05
EP0584455A2 (en) 1994-03-02
EP0584455A3 (en) 1994-06-01
ATE127190T1 (en) 1995-09-15

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