EP1752267B1 - Extrusion press - Google Patents

Extrusion press Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1752267B1
EP1752267B1 EP06016225.2A EP06016225A EP1752267B1 EP 1752267 B1 EP1752267 B1 EP 1752267B1 EP 06016225 A EP06016225 A EP 06016225A EP 1752267 B1 EP1752267 B1 EP 1752267B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
steam
strand
extruder
extruder according
pressing
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EP06016225.2A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1752267A3 (en
EP1752267A2 (en
Inventor
Wilhelm Nagl
Josef Loderer
Rudolf Jungbauer
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Anton Heggenstaller GmbH
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Anton Heggenstaller GmbH
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Publication of EP1752267A2 publication Critical patent/EP1752267A2/en
Publication of EP1752267A3 publication Critical patent/EP1752267A3/en
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27NMANUFACTURE BY DRY PROCESSES OF ARTICLES, WITH OR WITHOUT ORGANIC BINDING AGENTS, MADE FROM PARTICLES OR FIBRES CONSISTING OF WOOD OR OTHER LIGNOCELLULOSIC OR LIKE ORGANIC MATERIAL
    • B27N3/00Manufacture of substantially flat articles, e.g. boards, from particles or fibres
    • B27N3/08Moulding or pressing
    • B27N3/28Moulding or pressing characterised by using extrusion presses

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an extruder according to claim 1.
  • Such an extruder is from the DE 103 16 119 A1 known.
  • the strand is steamed in the region of the highest strand compression with saturated steam, which condenses in the strand material and thereby penetrates the strand transversely and heated to set temperature.
  • the evaporation can take place through a mandrel, wherein the strand is surrounded on the outside by heating walls.
  • the mandrel is formed as a simple tube with distributed outlet openings on the jacket.
  • the EP 0 908 281 A1 teaches a method and an apparatus for the production of moldings wherein a mixture of chip and / or fiber materials and thermosetting binders is gradually compacted by a plunger in two successive stages.
  • heat is given to the slightly compressed mixture by gases or vapors on the one hand and by a heater on the other hand for curing.
  • the mixture is to be pressed and hardened while supplying heat to the wall heating.
  • the font also provides a Dornbedampfung the strand.
  • a simple hollow steam pipe with outlet openings on the jacket is used.
  • the invention solves this problem with the features according to claim 1.
  • the claimed steam quantity control has the advantage that it ensures clear and reproducible process conditions and for a secure setting of the binder in the strand. On the other hand, excess steam is avoided, which leads to a significant reduction in construction and operating costs.
  • Degassing generators and vapor recirculation are dispensable.
  • the preferably saturated process steam is also optimally utilized. It condenses in a controllable strand area, whereby the phase change in an optimal manner and with uniform distribution liberates the heat required for setting. Also favorable is the fact that it is possible to work with relatively low quantities of steam and thus cost-effectively.
  • the capacity of the vaporization system can also be designed smaller and cheaper.
  • the claimed internal vapor deposition from the jacket of the press mandrel directly into the adjoining strand region is of particular advantage, because this ensures a higher process reliability.
  • the steamed strand area is better limited and controllable.
  • the introduced steam can be optimally utilized.
  • the vapor deposition is carried out in the outlet region of the recipient and / or in the subsequent channel of the extruder. In these areas, the strand usually has the highest compression, so that the heat introduced by the steam can be optimally used for the setting.
  • the setting process is significantly improved and accelerated by this targeted evaporation, whereby the heating channel designed shorter and the overall length of the entire extruder can be significantly reduced. This leads to a higher economic efficiency.
  • the steam is supplied at a standstill.
  • the penetration of the strand cross section is particularly uniform, which also has a positive effect on the desired condensation behavior.
  • the steam supply is clocked and carried out in the said dependence on the strand feed or in the drive of the pressing member. Conveniently, this drive is reversing and provides the necessary steaming times during the return stroke.
  • the mecanical amusement from the mandrel shell also has the advantage that you can work with relatively small steam-carrying volumes in the mandrel area. As a result, the amount of steam can be controlled particularly well and purposefully.
  • the steam quantity control can alternatively or additionally also be used for external vapor deposition.
  • the vapor deposition takes place in a channel region of the extruder which has a fixed channel wall.
  • the axial feed region of the steam is limited in the strand and extends in particular via a strand feed resulting from the stroke length of 1 to 2 pressing strokes.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of an extruder (1) for producing a strand (2) from small plant parts, especially small pieces of wood, such as sawdust. Wood chips or the like, which are mixed with a thermo-reactive binder or adhesive.
  • the basic form of such an extruder (1) is for example from the WO 99/48659 A1 or the WO 02/34489 A1 known.
  • the extruder (1) consists of a filling station (3) for filling the small vegetable parts in a filling and pressing shaft.
  • a recipient (4) adjoins the filling station (3) in the extrusion direction (11), into which the filling material is pushed by a pressing member (9) and thereby compressed.
  • the recipient (4) is designed as a closed channel with fixed channel walls (7), which can have a slight conical enlargement.
  • the recipient (4) is followed by one or more channels (5, 6), which may be provided with heating devices, and in which the strand (2) is hardened with the introduction of heat from heating devices of any type, not shown is, the binder sets and glued the wood small parts.
  • the directly adjacent to the recipient (4) subsequent channel (5) may be a Vorstation with also fixed channel walls (7).
  • the subsequent heating passage (6) may have movable channel walls (8), which are delivered to the strand (2) under the action of corresponding drives.
  • the strand (2) is advanced in the embodiment shown intermittently or clocked and pressed.
  • the pressing member (9) is designed as a reciprocating ram (9) connected to a suitable reversing drive (10), e.g. can be designed as a hydraulic cylinder, as an electric crank mechanism or the like.
  • the extruder (1) further comprises a vaporization device (12), which comprises a steam generator (15) with one or more steam lines (16,26).
  • the steam generator (15) produces a saturated vapor of water or other suitable medium.
  • the generated steam pressures and temperatures depend on the small parts material, the strand dimensions, in particular the diameter, the applied strand volume and other specifications and can vary accordingly. In practice, pressures of 5 bar and more, e.g. 10 bar or more and the associated saturated steam temperatures.
  • the steam (14) is supplied to the strand (2) in the manner explained below from inside and / or outside.
  • the vapor deposition is preferably carried out in the region of the maximum strand density, ie in the region of the recipient (4) and / or the subsequent input region of the hardening channel (5) following in the extrusion direction (11).
  • the evaporation can be made only at one point and only in the aforementioned range, for example. Alternatively you can a plurality of evaporation points in the extrusion direction (11) may be present, with the evaporation parameters mentioned below for the first point of deposition at the recipient or at the channel entrance (5) apply.
  • the vaporization device (12) further comprises a valve (18) for opening and closing the steam supply, which is connected to a controller (17) and remotely controlled by the latter.
  • the amount of steam introduced is controlled by the opening time of the valve (18).
  • the controller (17) may be coupled to the drive (10) of the ram (9) and control the valve (18) in response to the drive movements.
  • a hollow strand (2) is produced by means of a pressing mandrel (19) arranged centrally in the recipient (4) and the channels (5, 6).
  • a plurality of mandrels distributed arbitrarily over the strand cross-section may be present.
  • the press mandrel (19) is on the back by means of a fitting (31) in the machine frame (32) of the extruder (1) releasably held.
  • the ram (9) is provided on the inside with a recess and slides over the press mandrel (19).
  • the press mandrel (19) has a constant length over its length and e.g. circular cross section with a cylindrical shell (20).
  • the mandrel (19) may have another cross-sectional shape, e.g. a prismatic cross-section. Accordingly, the internal cavity (33) in the strand (2) is designed.
  • the recipient (4) and the channels (5, 6) may likewise have any cross-sectional shape which may be circular, oval, prismatic or otherwise formed. From the finished pressed and set strand (2), pallet blocks or other extruded products can be produced by sawing.
  • the inside hollow press mandrel (19) is a part of the vapor deposition device (12) and has on its jacket (20), preferably in the region of the free end, a peripheral vapor exit region (21) for vaporising the tightly adjacent strand (2 ).
  • the jacket (20) in this case has a uniform over the mandrel length uniform contour.
  • the end of the press mandrel (19) is closed, so that the steam (14) preferably exits radially only on the jacket (20) and passes directly into the adjacent strand (2).
  • the steam exit area (21) has a limited length which is shorter than the mandrel length.
  • the steam outlet region (21) of the press mandrel (19) for example, in the entrance area of Vorholicganges (5).
  • the steam outlet region (21) can also be located in an outlet-side partial region of the recipient (4). These are the areas in the extruder (1) in which the strand (2) has the highest compression.
  • the steam outlet region (21) is at the same time the feed region (13) to which the steam (14) is fed to the strand (2).
  • the vapor can be distributed somewhat in the axial direction and can also penetrate into the strand regions adjoining the feed region (13).
  • the feed area (13) is so far away from the filling station (3) that preferably no steam can penetrate into the filling space (3).
  • the strand (2) can alternatively or additionally be vapor-deposited from the outside.
  • the walls of the recipient (4) and / or the subsequent channel (5) are suitable for this purpose Steam outlet openings available.
  • the feed region (13) is limited in length and is located in the outlet region of the recipient (4) and / or in the inlet region of the adjoining channel (5), in particular preheating.
  • the axial length of the steam outlet region (21) or of the steam supply region (13) is limited.
  • the length preferably corresponds to the feed length of the strand (2), which results from the stroke length of 1 to 2 pressing strokes of the pressing member (9).
  • the length may e.g. about 150 to 300 mm, preferably 250 mm.
  • vaporization of the strand (2) takes place only in the described range.
  • the strand (2) is only heated from outside.
  • additional steaming from inside and / or outside can take place in the following areas and in the further heating cycles.
  • the pressing mandrel (19) can possibly have a plurality of steam outlet regions (21), which are preferably all arranged on the jacket (20).
  • the press mandrel (19) consists of a support tube (28) with the fitting (31) at the rear end.
  • a steam pipe (22) is arranged, which has the same outer contour as the support tube (28).
  • the steam pipe (22) has an internal steam chamber (25) and a plurality of circumferentially spaced outlet openings (23) for the steam (14).
  • the outlet openings (23) are formed as radial through-holes in the jacket of the steam pipe (22).
  • Such through holes are sufficient on their own. Alternatively, they can be connected on the outside with laterally leading away and, for example, crosswise arranged distribution channels (24). As FIG. 3 illustrates, these distribution channels (24) are formed as outside grooves in the jacket (20), which open at the said through hole.
  • the steam pipe (25) at the free front end by a lid (34) or the like. Steam-tight.
  • the steam pipe (22) is flush and aligned with the support tube (28).
  • This may be a detachable connection, e.g. be a screw to remove the steam pipe (22) for cleaning and maintenance purposes and to replace if necessary.
  • a solid compound e.g. a weld, be present.
  • a seal (29) for preventing axial vapor leakage which may be e.g. located at a neck of the steam pipe (22) which projects a piece into the support tube (28) via a corresponding recess.
  • the steam (14) is supplied to the steam pipe (22) via a reduced in diameter relative to the steam pipe (22) steam line (26) which is connected via said remote controllable valve (18) to the steam generator (15).
  • the steam line (26) is designed as a rigid feed tube laid in the carrier tube (28), which is held and fastened here by radial guides (30).
  • the feed tube (26) projects through the seal (29) into the steam chamber (25). It may possibly slide in the seal (29) back and forth to compensate for thermal expansion.
  • the feed pipe (26) is open, so that here the steam (14) emerge and can be distributed in the steam chamber (25) and through the outlet openings (23) in the strand (2) can escape.
  • steam volume is relatively small.
  • the amount of steam supplied to the strand (2) for steaming can be controlled via the valve (18) and its opening times with high accuracy.
  • the strand (2) is supplied with saturated vapor (14) in a controlled amount of steam via the steam outlet region (21) or the feed region (13).
  • the amount of steam and the vapor pressure are matched to the heat absorption capacity of the impinged strand area and, for example, so dimensioned that the supplied steam in this strand area provides the necessary setting and thereby substantially completely condenses. Excess steam can be substantially avoided, so that the strand (2) on the outside no steam escapes, on the previously usual Entdampfungsgeneratoren, recirculation or the like. And the associated disposal problems can be dispensed with. When opening the movable channel walls (8) also no evaporation takes place. In addition, evaporation losses are avoided.
  • the amount of steam is at the lower limit so that it is sufficient for the penetration of the entire cross-section of the strand (2) and for the setting of the strand (2) or the binder contained therein in the entire applied strand area. Upwards, the amount of steam is so dimensioned that substantially all the saturated steam introduced into the strand (2) can condense there and that preferably no excess vapor exits the strand (2). It is the aim of avoiding any excess vapor. In practice, this does not always achieve the desired level. It is within the scope of the invention if the conditions and conditions mentioned are at least substantially achieved.
  • the heat energy or enthalpy contained in the saturated steam is abruptly released in the impinged strand area and ensures uniform heating and extreme acceleration of the thermal setting reaction of the strand material.
  • the process may be due to a possibly existing external Additional heating in the chamber walls are supported.
  • the hardening and setting process in the strand (2) can be effected solely by the condensation. In the subsequent heating cycles (6) only so much heat is needed to keep this temperature level in the strand (2) and to compensate for heat loss to the environment. Compared to the prior art, the Schugangilia can thereby be significantly shortened.
  • the steaming is done with saturated steam of water at about 10 bar pressure and about 180 ° C temperature in the zone of highest compression over the length of a strand feed, i. over the material or strand length, which is ejected during a pressing stroke or press cycle.
  • the approx. 70 g of steam correspond to a volume of almost 14 1 of steam for the parameters P and T mentioned above.
  • This is a material volume in the strand (2) of about 3 dm 3 opposite.
  • the volume of porous material is capable of accommodating this volume of vapor because upon contact with the colder chip material offering a very large contact surface of the chips, the condensation process begins immediately and the vapor volume collapses before the mixture leaves the squeeze channel section closed on all sides and the vapor pressure cracks could cause in the product strand.
  • the amount of about 70 g of condensate is homogeneously distributed in the material volume of 3 dm 3 .
  • the cured product shows no difference to products without vaporization.
  • the condensed water remains 100% in the product and does not evaporate, e.g. When cooling down before packaging, partially off again, the product moisture increases to 11.4% -. This is a e.g. for pallet blocks uncritical value.
  • the model calculation neglects the binder content and its heat capacity for reasons of simplification. For an exact calculation these parameters can be additionally included.
  • the steam quantity control is provided in the embodiment shown with an internal vaporization from the press mandrel (19) or the steam pipe (22) in the contact area with the strand (2), wherein the steam (14) from the outlet openings (23) and possibly the distribution channels ( 24) directly into the strand (2) penetrates.
  • the steam quantity control can also be combined with an external vaporization of the strand (2) in the area mentioned at the recipient (4) and / or subsequent preheating cycle (5).
  • the steam quantity control can also be used in conjunction with a combined internal and external vaporization of the strand (2).

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Dry Formation Of Fiberboard And The Like (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Strangpresse gemäβ Anspruch 1.The invention relates to an extruder according to claim 1.

Eine solche Strangpresse ist aus der DE 103 16 119 A1 bekannt. Der Strang wird im Bereich der höchsten Strangverdichtung mit Sattdampf bedampft, der im Strangmaterial kondensiert und dadurch den Strang quer durchdringt und auf Abbindetemperatur erwärmt. Die Bedampfung kann durch einen Dorn erfolgen, wobei der Strang außenseitig von Heizwänden umgeben ist. Der Dorn ist als einfaches Rohr mit verteilten Auslassöffnungen am Mantel ausgebildet.Such an extruder is from the DE 103 16 119 A1 known. The strand is steamed in the region of the highest strand compression with saturated steam, which condenses in the strand material and thereby penetrates the strand transversely and heated to set temperature. The evaporation can take place through a mandrel, wherein the strand is surrounded on the outside by heating walls. The mandrel is formed as a simple tube with distributed outlet openings on the jacket.

Die EP 0 908 281 A1 lehrt ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Formteilen, wobei ein Gemisch von Span- und/oder Faserwerkstoffen und wärmehärtbaren Bindemitteln von einem Presskolben in zwei aufeinander folgenden Stufen nach und nach verdichtet wird. In der ersten Pressstufe werden dem geringfügig komprimierten Gemisch durch Gase oder Dämpfe einerseits und durch eine Heizung andererseits Wärme zum Aushärten zugeführt. In der zweiten Pressstufe soll unter Wärmezufuhr der Wandheizung das Gemisch fertiggepresst werden und aushärten. Die Schrift sieht ebenfalls eine Dornbedampfung des Stranges vor. Hierfür kommt ein einfaches hohles Dampfrohr mit Auslassöffnungen am Mantel zum Einsatz.The EP 0 908 281 A1 teaches a method and an apparatus for the production of moldings wherein a mixture of chip and / or fiber materials and thermosetting binders is gradually compacted by a plunger in two successive stages. In the first pressing stage, heat is given to the slightly compressed mixture by gases or vapors on the one hand and by a heater on the other hand for curing. In the second pressing stage, the mixture is to be pressed and hardened while supplying heat to the wall heating. The font also provides a Dornbedampfung the strand. For this purpose, a simple hollow steam pipe with outlet openings on the jacket is used.

Eine andere Strangpresstechnik ist aus der WO 99/48659 bekannt. Der aus Holzspänen mit beigemengtem Bindemittel bestehende Strang wird in einer Strangpresse gepresst und mit Wärme und Dampf behandelt. Der Strang wird hierbei von außen und/oder innen bedampft. Bei der Innenbedampfung wird der Dampf axial durch einen Pressdorn geführt tritt dort stirnseitig in einen innen liegenden Hohlraum des Strangs aus, welcher durch einen Schleppverschluss axial abgedichtet werden soll. Diese Abdichtung ist von der Effektivität her unzureichend, wobei der Verschluss auch den mechanischen Belastungen des Strangvorschubs auf Dauer nicht standhält. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine unkontrollierte Innenbedampfung des Strangs, die zu nicht reproduzierbaren Prozessverhältnissen führt und Qualitätsprobleme mit sich bringt.Another extrusion technique is from the WO 99/48659 known. The strand of wood chips with admixed binder existing strand is pressed in an extruder and treated with heat and steam. The strand is vaporized from the outside and / or inside. In the Innenbedampfung the steam is guided axially through a press mandrel occurs there frontally in an inner cavity of the strand, which is to be axially sealed by a drag closure. This seal is insufficient in terms of effectiveness, the closure also does not withstand the mechanical loads of the strand feed in the long term. This results in an uncontrolled Innenbedampfung the strand, which leads to non-reproducible process conditions and quality problems.

Die DE 199 08 315 C1 , EP 0 811 471 A1 , WO 02/34489 A1 und DE 299 12 822 U1 zeigen Strangpressen mit einer Außenbedampfung des Strangs aus umgebenden Kanalwänden.The DE 199 08 315 C1 . EP 0 811 471 A1 . WO 02/34489 A1 and DE 299 12 822 U1 show extrusions with an external vaporization of the strand from surrounding channel walls.

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, eine bessere Strangpresstechnik aufzuzeigen.It is an object of the present invention to show a better extrusion technique.

Die Erfindung löst diese Aufgabe mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1.
Die beanspruchte Dampfmengensteuerung hat den Vorteil, dass sie für eindeutige und reproduzierbare Prozessverhältnisse und für ein sicheres Abbinden des Bindemittels im Strang sorgt. Andererseits wird Überschussdampf vermieden, was zu einer wesentlichen Reduzierung des Bau- und Betriebsaufwandes führt. Entdampfungsgeneratoren und Dampfrückführungen sind entbehrlich. Der vorzugsweise gesättigte Prozessdampf wird außerdem optimal ausgenutzt. Er kondensiert in einem kontrollierbaren Strangbereich, wobei über die Phasenänderung in optimaler Weise und mit gleichmäßiger Verteilung die zum Abbinden benötigte Wärme freigesetzt wird. Günstig ist außerdem der Umstand, dass mit relativ geringen Dampfmengen und damit kostengünstig gearbeitet werden kann. Die Kapazität der Bedampfungsanlage kann außerdem kleiner und kostengünstiger ausgelegt werden.
The invention solves this problem with the features according to claim 1.
The claimed steam quantity control has the advantage that it ensures clear and reproducible process conditions and for a secure setting of the binder in the strand. On the other hand, excess steam is avoided, which leads to a significant reduction in construction and operating costs. Degassing generators and vapor recirculation are dispensable. The preferably saturated process steam is also optimally utilized. It condenses in a controllable strand area, whereby the phase change in an optimal manner and with uniform distribution liberates the heat required for setting. Also favorable is the fact that it is possible to work with relatively low quantities of steam and thus cost-effectively. The capacity of the vaporization system can also be designed smaller and cheaper.

Für diese Dampfmengensteuerung ist die beanspruchte Innenbedampfung aus dem Mantel des Pressdorns direkt in den anliegenden Strangbereich von besonderem Vorteil, weil hierdurch eine höhere Prozesssicherheit gewährleistet wird. Außerdem ist der bedampfte Strangbereich besser eingrenzbar und kontrollierbar. Der eingebrachte Dampf kann optimal ausgenutzt werden. Hierfür ist es von besonderem Vorteil, wenn die Bedampfung im Auslassbereich des Rezipienten und/oder im anschließenden Kanal der Strangpresse durchgeführt wird. In diesen Bereichen hat der Strang in der Regel die höchste Verdichtung, so dass die vom Dampf eingebrachte Wärme für die Abbindung optimal genutzt werden kann. Der Abbindeprozess wird durch diese gezielte Bedampfung wesentlich verbessert und beschleunigt, wodurch der Heizkanal kürzer ausgelegt und die Baulänge der gesamten Strangpresse deutlich verringert werden kann. Dies führt zu einer höheren Wirtschaftlichkeit.For this steam quantity control, the claimed internal vapor deposition from the jacket of the press mandrel directly into the adjoining strand region is of particular advantage, because this ensures a higher process reliability. In addition, the steamed strand area is better limited and controllable. The introduced steam can be optimally utilized. For this purpose, it is of particular advantage if the vapor deposition is carried out in the outlet region of the recipient and / or in the subsequent channel of the extruder. In these areas, the strand usually has the highest compression, so that the heat introduced by the steam can be optimally used for the setting. The setting process is significantly improved and accelerated by this targeted evaporation, whereby the heating channel designed shorter and the overall length of the entire extruder can be significantly reduced. This leads to a higher economic efficiency.

Für die Dampfmengensteuerung und auch die Innenbedampfung kann es von Vorteil sein, wenn der Dampf bei stehendem Strang zugeführt wird. Die Durchdringung des Strangquerschnitts ist besonders gleichmäßig, was sich auch positiv auf das angestrebte Kondensationsverhalten auswirkt. Hierfür ist es ferner vorteilhaft, wenn die Dampfzufuhr getaktet und in der besagten Abhängigkeit vom Strangvorschub bzw. im Antrieb des Pressorgans durchgeführt wird. Praktischerweise ist dieser Antrieb reversierend und bietet beim Rückhub die erforderlichen Bedampfungszeiten.For the Dampfmengensteuerung and the Innenbedampfung it may be advantageous if the steam is supplied at a standstill. The penetration of the strand cross section is particularly uniform, which also has a positive effect on the desired condensation behavior. For this purpose, it is also advantageous if the steam supply is clocked and carried out in the said dependence on the strand feed or in the drive of the pressing member. Conveniently, this drive is reversing and provides the necessary steaming times during the return stroke.

Alternativ ist es möglich, den Dampf bei laufendem Strang zuzuführen. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Pressstempel das Strangende gasdicht abschließt und die Dampfausdehnungszone nach hinten begrenzt. Der Antrieb kann außerdem kontinuierlich sein.Alternatively, it is possible to supply the steam while the strand is running. This has the advantage that the press ram seals the strand end gas-tight and limits the steam expansion zone to the rear. The drive can also be continuous.

Die Innenbedampfung aus dem Dornmantel hat zudem den vorteil, dass mit relativ kleinen dampfführenden Volumina im Dornbereich gearbeitet werden kann. Hierdurch lässt sich die Dampfmenge besonders gut und zielgerichtet steuern. Die Dampfmengensteuerung kann alternativ oder zusätzlich auch bei einer Außenbedampfung eingesetzt werden. Für den Abbindeprozess ist es in beiden Fällen günstig, wenn die Bedampfung in einem Kanalbereich der Strangpresse stattfindet, der eine feste Kanalwandung hat. Für die Prozesssicherheit ist es außerdem günstig, wenn der axiale Zuführbereich des Dampfes in den Strang begrenzt ist und sich insbesondere über einen Strangvorschub resultierend aus der Hublänge von 1 bis 2 Presshüben erstreckt.The Innenbedampfung from the mandrel shell also has the advantage that you can work with relatively small steam-carrying volumes in the mandrel area. As a result, the amount of steam can be controlled particularly well and purposefully. The steam quantity control can alternatively or additionally also be used for external vapor deposition. For the setting process, it is favorable in both cases if the vapor deposition takes place in a channel region of the extruder which has a fixed channel wall. For process reliability, it is also advantageous if the axial feed region of the steam is limited in the strand and extends in particular via a strand feed resulting from the stroke length of 1 to 2 pressing strokes.

In prozesstechnischer Hinsicht ist die Verwendung von Sattdampf aus Wasser günstig. Ein Dampfdruck von ca. 10 bis 15 bar und eine entsprechende Dampftemperatur haben sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen. Die zum Abbinden benötigte Wärmemenge entspricht einem relativ kleinen Dampfvolumen und wird bei der Kondensation zielgerichtet in einem begrenzten Strangelement freigesetzt. Außerdem sind diese Dampfparameter für die gute und gleichmäßige Durchdringung des beaufschlagten Strangbereichs und für die Effektivität der Energieumsetzung vorteilhaft.In terms of process technology, the use of saturated steam from water is favorable. A vapor pressure of about 10 to 15 bar and a corresponding steam temperature have proven to be advantageous. The amount of heat required for setting corresponds to a relatively small volume of vapor and is released during the condensation targeted in a limited strand element. In addition, these steam parameters are advantageous for the good and uniform penetration of the impinged strand area and for the efficiency of the energy conversion.

In den Unteransprüchen sind weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung angegeben.In the subclaims further advantageous embodiments of the invention are given.

Die Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen beispielsweise und schematisch dargestellt. Im einzelnen zeigen:

Figur 1:
eine abgebrochene Seitenansicht einer Strangpresse mit einem angedeuteten Pressdorn,
Figur 2:
eine vergrößerte und schematisierte Ansicht des Pressdorns und der Bedampfungseinrichtung und
Figur 3:
ein abgebrochener und vergrößerter Längsschnitt durch ein Dampfrohr am Ende des Pressdorns.
The invention is illustrated by way of example and schematically in the drawings. In detail show:
FIG. 1:
a broken side view of an extruder with an indicated pressing mandrel,
FIG. 2:
an enlarged and schematic view of the press mandrel and the vapor deposition and
FIG. 3:
a broken and enlarged longitudinal section through a steam pipe at the end of the press mandrel.

Figur 1 zeigt in einer schematisierten Seitenansicht eine Strangpresse (1) zur Herstellung eines Stranges (2) aus pflanzlichen Kleinteilen, insbesondere Holzkleinteilen, wie Sägespänen. Holzschnitzel oder dergl., die mit einem thermoreaktiven Bindemittel oder Kleber vermengt sind. Die Grundform einer solchen Strangpresse (1) ist z.B. aus der WO 99/48659 A1 oder der WO 02/34489 A1 bekannt. FIG. 1 shows a schematic side view of an extruder (1) for producing a strand (2) from small plant parts, especially small pieces of wood, such as sawdust. Wood chips or the like, which are mixed with a thermo-reactive binder or adhesive. The basic form of such an extruder (1) is for example from the WO 99/48659 A1 or the WO 02/34489 A1 known.

Die Strangpresse (1) besteht aus einer Füllstation (3) zum Einfüllen der pflanzlichen Kleinteile in einen Füll- und Pressschacht. An die Füllstation (3) schließt sich in Strangpressrichtung (11) ein Rezipient (4) ein, in den das Füllgut durch ein Pressorgan (9) geschoben und hierbei verdichtet wird. Der Rezipient (4) ist als geschlossener Kanal mit festen Kanalwänden (7) ausgebildet, die eine leichte konische Erweiterung haben können. An den Rezipienten (4) schließen sich ein oder weitere Kanäle (5,6) an, die mit Heizeinrichtungen versehen sein können und in denen der Strang (2) unter Wärmezufuhr von nicht dargestellten Heizeinrichtungen beliebiger Art ausgehärtet wird, wobei das Bindemittel abbindet und die Holzkleinteile verklebt. Der direkt an den Rezipienten (4) anschließende Kanal (5) kann ein Vorheizgang mit ebenfalls festen Kanalwänden (7) sein. Der nachfolgende Heizgang (6) kann bewegliche Kanalwände (8) haben, die an den Strang (2) unter Krafteinwirkung von entsprechenden Antrieben zugestellt werden.The extruder (1) consists of a filling station (3) for filling the small vegetable parts in a filling and pressing shaft. A recipient (4) adjoins the filling station (3) in the extrusion direction (11), into which the filling material is pushed by a pressing member (9) and thereby compressed. The recipient (4) is designed as a closed channel with fixed channel walls (7), which can have a slight conical enlargement. The recipient (4) is followed by one or more channels (5, 6), which may be provided with heating devices, and in which the strand (2) is hardened with the introduction of heat from heating devices of any type, not shown is, the binder sets and glued the wood small parts. The directly adjacent to the recipient (4) subsequent channel (5) may be a Vorheizgang with also fixed channel walls (7). The subsequent heating passage (6) may have movable channel walls (8), which are delivered to the strand (2) under the action of corresponding drives.

Der Strang (2) wird in der gezeigten Ausführungsform intermittierend bzw. getaktet vorgeschoben und verpresst. Hierfür ist das Pressorgan (9) als hin und her beweglicher Pressstempel (9) ausgebildet, der mit einem geeigneten reversierenden Antrieb (10) verbunden ist, der z.B. als hydraulischer Zylinder, als elektrischer Kurbeltrieb oder dergl. ausgebildet sein kann.The strand (2) is advanced in the embodiment shown intermittently or clocked and pressed. For this purpose, the pressing member (9) is designed as a reciprocating ram (9) connected to a suitable reversing drive (10), e.g. can be designed as a hydraulic cylinder, as an electric crank mechanism or the like.

Die Strangpresse (1) weist ferner eine Bedampfungseinrichtung (12) auf, welche einen Dampferzeuger (15) mit ein oder mehreren Dampfleitungen (16,26) umfasst. Der Dampferzeuger (15) produziert einen gesättigten Dampf aus Wasser oder einem anderen geeigneten Medium. Die erzeugten Dampfdrücke und -temperaturen hängen vom Kleinteilmaterial, den Strangabmessungen, insbesondere dem Durchmesser, dem beaufschlagten Strangvolumen und anderen Vorgaben ab und können entsprechend variieren. Günstig sind in der Praxis Drücke von 5 bar und mehr, z.B. 10 bar oder mehr und den zugehörigen Sattdampftemperaturen.The extruder (1) further comprises a vaporization device (12), which comprises a steam generator (15) with one or more steam lines (16,26). The steam generator (15) produces a saturated vapor of water or other suitable medium. The generated steam pressures and temperatures depend on the small parts material, the strand dimensions, in particular the diameter, the applied strand volume and other specifications and can vary accordingly. In practice, pressures of 5 bar and more, e.g. 10 bar or more and the associated saturated steam temperatures.

Der Dampf (14) wird dem Strang (2) in der nachfolgend erläuterten weise von innen und/oder außen zugeführt. Die Bedampfung erfolgt bevorzugt im Bereich der maximalen Strangdichte, d.h. im Bereich des Rezipienten (4) und oder des anschließende Eingangsbereichs des in Strangpressrichtung (11) folgenden Aushärtekanals (5). Die Bedampfung kann z.B. nur an einer Stelle und nur in dem vorgenannten Bereich vorgenommen werden. Alternativ können mehrere Bedampfungsstellen in Strangpressrichtung (11) vorhanden sein, wobei die nachfolgend genannten Bedampfungsparameter für die erste Pedampfungsstelle am Rezipienten bzw. am Kanaleingang (5) gelten.The steam (14) is supplied to the strand (2) in the manner explained below from inside and / or outside. The vapor deposition is preferably carried out in the region of the maximum strand density, ie in the region of the recipient (4) and / or the subsequent input region of the hardening channel (5) following in the extrusion direction (11). The evaporation can be made only at one point and only in the aforementioned range, for example. Alternatively you can a plurality of evaporation points in the extrusion direction (11) may be present, with the evaporation parameters mentioned below for the first point of deposition at the recipient or at the channel entrance (5) apply.

Die Bedampfungseinrichtung (12) weist ferner ein Ventil (18) zum Öffnen und Schließen der Dampfzufuhr auf, welches mit einer Steuerung (17) verbunden und von dieser ferngesteuert wird. Die eingebrachte Dampfmenge wird über die Öffnungszeit des Ventils (18) gesteuert. Die Steuerung (17) kann mit dem Antrieb (10) des Pressstempels (9) gekoppelt sein und das Ventil (18) in Abhängigkeit von den Antriebsbewegungen steuern.The vaporization device (12) further comprises a valve (18) for opening and closing the steam supply, which is connected to a controller (17) and remotely controlled by the latter. The amount of steam introduced is controlled by the opening time of the valve (18). The controller (17) may be coupled to the drive (10) of the ram (9) and control the valve (18) in response to the drive movements.

In der gezeigten Ausführungsform wird ein hohler Strang (2) mittels eines zentral im Rezipienten (4) und den Kanälen (5,6) angeordneten Pressdorns (19) erzeugt. Alternativ können mehrere beliebig über den Strangquerschnitt verteilte Pressdorne vorhanden sein. Der Pressdorn (19) ist rückseitig mittels eines Beschlags (31) im Maschinengestell (32) der Strangpresse (1) lösbar gehalten. Der Pressstempel (9) ist innenseitig mit einer Ausnehmung versehen und gleitet über den Pressdorn (19). Der Pressdorn (19) hat einen über seine Länge gleichbleibenden und z.B. kreisrunden Querschnitt mit einem zylindrischen Mantel (20). Alternativ kann der Dorn (19) eine andere Querschnittsform, z.B. einen prismatischen Querschnitt, aufweisen. Dementsprechend ist der innenliegende Hohlraum (33) im Strang (2) gestaltet.In the embodiment shown, a hollow strand (2) is produced by means of a pressing mandrel (19) arranged centrally in the recipient (4) and the channels (5, 6). Alternatively, a plurality of mandrels distributed arbitrarily over the strand cross-section may be present. The press mandrel (19) is on the back by means of a fitting (31) in the machine frame (32) of the extruder (1) releasably held. The ram (9) is provided on the inside with a recess and slides over the press mandrel (19). The press mandrel (19) has a constant length over its length and e.g. circular cross section with a cylindrical shell (20). Alternatively, the mandrel (19) may have another cross-sectional shape, e.g. a prismatic cross-section. Accordingly, the internal cavity (33) in the strand (2) is designed.

Der Rezipient (4) und die Kanäle (5,6) können ebenfalls eine beliebige Querschnittsform haben, die kreisrund, oval, prismatisch oder in sonstiger Weise ausgebildet sein kann. Aus dem fertig gepressten und abgebundenen Strang (2) können durch Sägen Palettenklötze oder andere Strangpressprodukte erzeugt werden.The recipient (4) and the channels (5, 6) may likewise have any cross-sectional shape which may be circular, oval, prismatic or otherwise formed. From the finished pressed and set strand (2), pallet blocks or other extruded products can be produced by sawing.

In der gezeigten Ausführungsform ist der innenseitig hohle Pressdorn (19) ein Bestandteil der Bedampfungseinrichtung (12) und besitzt an seinem Mantel (20), vorzugsweise im Bereich des freien Endes, einen umfangsseitigen Dampfaustrittsbereich (21) zum Bedampfen des dort dicht anliegenden Strangs (2). Der Mantel (20) hat hierbei eine über die Dornlänge durchgehende einheitliche Kontur. Stirnseitig ist der Pressdorn (19) geschlossen, so dass der Dampf (14) vorzugsweise nur am Mantel (20) radial austritt und direkt in den anliegenden Strang (2) gelangt. Der Dampfaustrittsbereich (21) hat eine begrenzte Länge, die kürzer als die Dornlänge ist.In the embodiment shown, the inside hollow press mandrel (19) is a part of the vapor deposition device (12) and has on its jacket (20), preferably in the region of the free end, a peripheral vapor exit region (21) for vaporising the tightly adjacent strand (2 ). The jacket (20) in this case has a uniform over the mandrel length uniform contour. The end of the press mandrel (19) is closed, so that the steam (14) preferably exits radially only on the jacket (20) and passes directly into the adjacent strand (2). The steam exit area (21) has a limited length which is shorter than the mandrel length.

Wie Figur 1 und 2 verdeutlichen, befindet sich der Dampfaustrittsbereich (21) des Pressdorns (19) z.B. im Eingangsbereich des Vorheizganges (5). Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann sich der Dampfaustrittsbereich (21) auch in einem auslassseitigen Teilbereich des Rezipienten (4) befinden. Dies sind die Bereiche in der Strangpresse (1), in denen der Strang (2) die höchste Verdichtung hat.As FIG. 1 and 2 clarify, is the steam outlet region (21) of the press mandrel (19), for example, in the entrance area of Vorheizganges (5). Alternatively or additionally, the steam outlet region (21) can also be located in an outlet-side partial region of the recipient (4). These are the areas in the extruder (1) in which the strand (2) has the highest compression.

Der Dampfaustrittbereich (21) ist zugleich der Zuführbereich (13), an dem dem Strang (2) der Dampf (14) zugeführt wird. In dem durch die Kleinteilstruktur porösen Strang (2) kann sich der Dampf in Axialrichtung etwas verteilen und auch in die dem Zuführbereich (13) angrenzenden Strangbereiche dringen. Der Zuführbereich (13) ist dabei so weit von der Füllstation (3) entfernt, dass vorzugsweise kein Dampf bis in den Füllraum (3) dringen kann. Durch die Bedampfung des Strangs (2) im Bereich seiner höchsten Dichte, wird außerdem die axiale Dampfausdehnung begrenzt.The steam outlet region (21) is at the same time the feed region (13) to which the steam (14) is fed to the strand (2). In the strand (2) which is porous by the small-part structure, the vapor can be distributed somewhat in the axial direction and can also penetrate into the strand regions adjoining the feed region (13). The feed area (13) is so far away from the filling station (3) that preferably no steam can penetrate into the filling space (3). By steaming the strand (2) in the region of its highest density, also the axial steam expansion is limited.

In einer nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform kann der Strang (2) alternativ oder zusätzlich von außen bedampft werden. In den Wänden des Rezipienten (4) und/oder des anschließenden Kanals (5) sind hierzu geeignete Dampfaustrittsöffnungen vorhanden. Auch in diesem Fall ist der Zuführbereich (13) in der Länge begrenzt und befindet sich im Auslassbereich des Rezipienten (4) und/oder im Eingangsbereich des anschließenden Kanals (5), insbesondere Vorheizgangs.In one embodiment, not shown, the strand (2) can alternatively or additionally be vapor-deposited from the outside. In the walls of the recipient (4) and / or the subsequent channel (5) are suitable for this purpose Steam outlet openings available. Also in this case, the feed region (13) is limited in length and is located in the outlet region of the recipient (4) and / or in the inlet region of the adjoining channel (5), in particular preheating.

Die axiale Länge des Dampfaustrittsbereichs (21) bzw. des Dampfzuführbereichs (13) ist begrenzt. Die Länge entspricht vorzugsweise der Vorschublänge des Strangs (2), die aus der Hublänge von 1 bis 2 Presshüben des Pressorgans (9) resultiert. Die Länge kann z.B. ca. 150 bis 300 mm, vorzugsweise 250 mm, betragen. In der bevorzugten Ausführungsform findet nur in dem beschriebenen Bereich eine Bedampfung des Strangs (2) statt. In den Folgebereichen wird der Strang (2) nur noch unterstützend von außen beheizt. Alternativ können auch in den Folgebereichen und in den weiteren Heizgängen zusätzliche Bedampfungen von innen und/oder außen stattfinden. Der Pressdorn (19) kann hierfür ggf. mehrere Dampfaustrittsbereiche (21) aufweisen, die vorzugsweise allesamt am Mantel (20) angeordnet sind.The axial length of the steam outlet region (21) or of the steam supply region (13) is limited. The length preferably corresponds to the feed length of the strand (2), which results from the stroke length of 1 to 2 pressing strokes of the pressing member (9). The length may e.g. about 150 to 300 mm, preferably 250 mm. In the preferred embodiment, vaporization of the strand (2) takes place only in the described range. In the following areas, the strand (2) is only heated from outside. Alternatively, additional steaming from inside and / or outside can take place in the following areas and in the further heating cycles. For this purpose, the pressing mandrel (19) can possibly have a plurality of steam outlet regions (21), which are preferably all arranged on the jacket (20).

In der gezeigten Ausführungsform besteht der Pressdorn (19) aus einem Trägerrohr (28) mit dem Beschlag (31) am rückwärtigen Ende. Am vorderen freien Ende des Trägerrohrs (28) ist ein Dampfrohr (22) angeordnet, welches die gleiche Außenkontur wie das Trägerrohr (28) hat. Das Dampfrohr (22) besitzt eine innenliegende Dampfkammer (25) und mehrere am Rohrumfang verteilt angeordnete Auslassöffnungen (23) für den Dampf (14). Die Auslassöffnungen (23) sind als radiale Durchgangsbohrungen im Mantel des Dampfrohrs (22) ausgebildet. Solche Durchgangsbohrungen genügen für sich allein. Sie können alternativ außenseitig mit seitlich wegführenden und z.B. kreuzweise angeordneten Verteilkanälen (24) verbunden sein. Wie Figur 3 verdeutlicht, sind diese Verteilkanäle (24) als außenseitige Rinnen im Mantel (20) ausgebildet, die an der besagten Durchgangsbohrung münden.In the embodiment shown, the press mandrel (19) consists of a support tube (28) with the fitting (31) at the rear end. At the front free end of the support tube (28), a steam pipe (22) is arranged, which has the same outer contour as the support tube (28). The steam pipe (22) has an internal steam chamber (25) and a plurality of circumferentially spaced outlet openings (23) for the steam (14). The outlet openings (23) are formed as radial through-holes in the jacket of the steam pipe (22). Such through holes are sufficient on their own. Alternatively, they can be connected on the outside with laterally leading away and, for example, crosswise arranged distribution channels (24). As FIG. 3 illustrates, these distribution channels (24) are formed as outside grooves in the jacket (20), which open at the said through hole.

Stirnseitig ist das Dampfrohr (25) am freien vorderen Ende durch einen Deckel (34) oder dergl. dampfdicht verschlossen. Am anderen Ende ist das Dampfrohr (22) bündig und fluchtend mit dem Trägerrohr (28) verbunden. Dies kann eine lösbare Verbindung, z.B. eine Verschraubung sein, um das Dampfrohr (22) zu Reinigungs- und Wartungszwecken abnehmen und bei Bedarf auch austauschen zu können. Alternativ kann eine feste Verbindung, z.B. eine Verschweißung, vorhanden sein. An diesem Ende ist außerdem eine Dichtung (29) zur Verhinderung des axialen Dampfaustritts angeordnet, die sich z.B. an einem Ansatzstutzen des Dampfrohrs (22) befindet, welcher ein Stück in das Trägerrohr (28) über eine entsprechende Ausnehmung ragt.On the front side, the steam pipe (25) at the free front end by a lid (34) or the like. Steam-tight. At the other end, the steam pipe (22) is flush and aligned with the support tube (28). This may be a detachable connection, e.g. be a screw to remove the steam pipe (22) for cleaning and maintenance purposes and to replace if necessary. Alternatively, a solid compound, e.g. a weld, be present. At this end, there is also disposed a seal (29) for preventing axial vapor leakage, which may be e.g. located at a neck of the steam pipe (22) which projects a piece into the support tube (28) via a corresponding recess.

Der Dampf (14) wird dem Dampfrohr (22) über eine im Durchmesser gegenüber dem Dampfrohr (22) verkleinerte Dampfleitung (26) zugeführt, welche über das besagte fernsteuerbare Ventil (18) mit dem Dampferzeuger (15) verbunden ist. Die Dampfleitung (26) ist in der gezeigten Ausführungsform als ein im Trägerrohr (28) verlegtes starres Zuführrohr ausgebildet, welches hier durch radiale Führungen (30) gehalten und befestigt ist. Das Zuführrohr (26) ragt durch die Dichtung (29) in die Dampfkammer (25). Es kann ggf. in der Dichtung (29) zum Ausgleich von Wärmedehnungen vor und zurück gleiten. Stirnseitig ist das Zuführrohr (26) offen, so dass hier der Dampf (14) austreten und sich in der Dampfkammer (25) verteilen sowie durch deren Auslassöffnungen (23) in den Strang (2) austreten kann. Durch das dünne Zuführrohr (26) ist das hinter dem Ventil (17) befindliche Dampfvolumen relativ klein. Die zum Bedampfen dem Strang (2) zugeführte Dampfmenge kann über das Ventil (18) und dessen Öffnungszeiten mit hoher Genauigkeit gesteuert werden. Dem Strang (2) wird gesättigter Dampf (14) in einer gesteuerten Dampfmenge über den Dampfaustrittsbereich (21) bzw. den Zuführbereich (13) zugeführt. Die Dampfmenge und der Dampfdruck sind auf die Wärmeaufnahmekapazität des beaufschlagten Strangbereichs abgestimmt und z.B. so bemessen, dass der zugeführte Dampf in diesem Strangbereich für die erforderliche Abbindung sorgt und dabei im wesentlichen vollständig kondensiert. Dampfüberschüsse können im Wesentlichen vermieden werden, so dass am Strang (2) außenseitig kein Dampf austritt, Auf die bisher üblichen Entdampfungsgeneratoren, Rückführeinrichtungen oder dergl. und die damit einher gehenden Entsorgungsprobleme kann verzichtet werden. Bei einem Öffnen der beweglichen Kanalwände (8) findet auch kein Ausdampfen statt. Zudem werden Abdampfverluste vermieden.The steam (14) is supplied to the steam pipe (22) via a reduced in diameter relative to the steam pipe (22) steam line (26) which is connected via said remote controllable valve (18) to the steam generator (15). In the embodiment shown, the steam line (26) is designed as a rigid feed tube laid in the carrier tube (28), which is held and fastened here by radial guides (30). The feed tube (26) projects through the seal (29) into the steam chamber (25). It may possibly slide in the seal (29) back and forth to compensate for thermal expansion. On the front side, the feed pipe (26) is open, so that here the steam (14) emerge and can be distributed in the steam chamber (25) and through the outlet openings (23) in the strand (2) can escape. Through the thin feed tube (26) located behind the valve (17) steam volume is relatively small. The amount of steam supplied to the strand (2) for steaming can be controlled via the valve (18) and its opening times with high accuracy. The strand (2) is supplied with saturated vapor (14) in a controlled amount of steam via the steam outlet region (21) or the feed region (13). The amount of steam and the vapor pressure are matched to the heat absorption capacity of the impinged strand area and, for example, so dimensioned that the supplied steam in this strand area provides the necessary setting and thereby substantially completely condenses. Excess steam can be substantially avoided, so that the strand (2) on the outside no steam escapes, on the previously usual Entdampfungsgeneratoren, recirculation or the like. And the associated disposal problems can be dispensed with. When opening the movable channel walls (8) also no evaporation takes place. In addition, evaporation losses are avoided.

Die Dampfmenge ist an der Untergrenze so bemessen, dass sie für die Durchdringung des gesamten Querschnitts des Strangs (2) und für das Abbinden des Strangs (2) bzw. des darin enthaltenen Bindemittels im gesamten beaufschlagten Strangbereich ausreicht. Nach oben ist die Dampfmenge so bemessen, dass im Wesentlichen der gesamte in den Strang (2) eingebrachte Sattdampf dort kondensieren kann und dass vorzugsweise kein Überschussdampf am Strang (2) austritt. Es wird die Vermeidung jeglichen Dampfüberschusses angestrebt. In der Praxis lässt das nicht immer im gewünschten Maß erreichen. Es liegt im Rahmen der Erfindung, wenn die genannten Bedingungen und Verhältnisse zumindest im Wesentlichen erreicht werden.The amount of steam is at the lower limit so that it is sufficient for the penetration of the entire cross-section of the strand (2) and for the setting of the strand (2) or the binder contained therein in the entire applied strand area. Upwards, the amount of steam is so dimensioned that substantially all the saturated steam introduced into the strand (2) can condense there and that preferably no excess vapor exits the strand (2). It is the aim of avoiding any excess vapor. In practice, this does not always achieve the desired level. It is within the scope of the invention if the conditions and conditions mentioned are at least substantially achieved.

Durch die Kondensation wird die im Sattdampf enthaltene Wärmeenergie bzw. Enthalpie im beaufschlagten Strangbereich schlagartig frei und sorgt für eine gleichmäßige Durchwärmung und eine extreme Beschleunigung der thermischen Abbindereaktion des Strangmaterials. Der Vorgang kann durch eine evtl. vorhandene externe Zusatzbeheizung in den Kammerwänden unterstützt werden. Der Verfestigungs- und Abbindeprozess im Strang (2) kann allein durch die Kondensation bewirkt werden. In den nachfolgenden Heizgängen (6) ist dadurch nur noch so viel Wärmezufuhr nötig, um dieses Temperaturniveau im Strang (2) zu halten und Wärmeverlust an die Umgebung auszugleichen. Im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik kann die Heizganglänge hierdurch wesentlich verkürzt werden.As a result of the condensation, the heat energy or enthalpy contained in the saturated steam is abruptly released in the impinged strand area and ensures uniform heating and extreme acceleration of the thermal setting reaction of the strand material. The process may be due to a possibly existing external Additional heating in the chamber walls are supported. The hardening and setting process in the strand (2) can be effected solely by the condensation. In the subsequent heating cycles (6) only so much heat is needed to keep this temperature level in the strand (2) and to compensate for heat loss to the environment. Compared to the prior art, the Heizganglänge can thereby be significantly shortened.

Nachfolgend wird ein Rechenbeispiel für die Bemessung der Dampfmenge gegeben.The following is a calculation example for the design of the steam quantity.

Die Bedampfung geschieht mit Sattdampf aus Wasser bei ca. 10 bar Druck und ca. 180° C Temperatur in der Zone der höchsten Verdichtung über die Länge eines Strangvorschubs, d.h. über die Material- bzw. Stranglänge, die bei einem Presshub oder Presstakt ausgeschoben wird.The steaming is done with saturated steam of water at about 10 bar pressure and about 180 ° C temperature in the zone of highest compression over the length of a strand feed, i. over the material or strand length, which is ejected during a pressing stroke or press cycle.

Produktmasse bei o.g. Querschnitt, 250 mm Länge und 600 kg/m3 Rohdichte: Masse 1.915 g Product mass at above mentioned cross section, 250 mm length and 600 kg / m3 gross density: Dimensions 1,915 g

Bei Spanfeuchte des beleimten Spanes von 7,5 % atro: Holzmasse 1.781 g im Strang enthaltenes Wasser 134 g At chip moisture of glued chip of 7,5% atro: wood pulp 1,781 g stranded water 134 g

Bei einer Leimspantemperatur von 65°C und einer Endtemperatur unter Siedepunkt des Wassers, 98°C, ergibt sich: Δ Holz 33 K At a glue frame temperature of 65 ° C and a final temperature below the boiling point of the water, 98 ° C, the result is: Δ wood 33K

Aufgenommene Wärmeenergie im Produkt: bei cw Holz 0,6 kcal/kg K = 35,26 kcal Wasseranteil 4,42 kcal W gesamt 39,66 kcal Absorbed heat energy in the product: at cw wood 0.6 kcal / kg K = 35.26 kcal water content 4.42 kcal W total 39.66 kcal

Abgegebene Wärmemenge bei Kondensation von Sattdampf 10 bar, 179°C auf Wasser 98°C: = 179 °C - 98 °C

Figure imgb0001
= 565 kcal / kg
Figure imgb0002
Amount of heat released by condensation of saturated steam 10 bar, 179 ° C to water 98 ° C: = H 179 ° C - H 98 ° C
Figure imgb0001
= 565 kcal / kg
Figure imgb0002

Benötigte Dampfmenge pro Takt: = h Δ W = 70 , 2 g

Figure imgb0003
Required amount of steam per cycle: = H Δ W = 70 . 2 G
Figure imgb0003

Die ca. 70 g Dampf entsprechen bei den genannten Parametern P und T einem Volumen von knapp 14 1 Dampf. Dem steht ein Materialvolumen im Strang (2) von ca. 3 dm3 gegenüber. Das poröse Materialvolumen ist in der Lage, dieses Dampfvolumen aufzunehmen, weil beim Kontakt mit dem kälteren Spanmaterial, das eine sehr große Kontaktoberfläche der Späne anbietet, der Kondensationsprozess sofort einsetzt und das Dampfvolumen zusammenbricht, bevor das Materialgemisch den allseitig geschlossenen Presskanalabschnitt verlässt und der Dampfdruck Risse im Produktstrang verursachen könnte. Die Menge von ca. 70 g Kondensat fällt homogen verteilt im Materialvolumen von 3 dm3 an. Am ausgehärteten Produkt ist kein Unterschied zu Produkten ohne Bedampfung erkennbar.The approx. 70 g of steam correspond to a volume of almost 14 1 of steam for the parameters P and T mentioned above. This is a material volume in the strand (2) of about 3 dm 3 opposite. The volume of porous material is capable of accommodating this volume of vapor because upon contact with the colder chip material offering a very large contact surface of the chips, the condensation process begins immediately and the vapor volume collapses before the mixture leaves the squeeze channel section closed on all sides and the vapor pressure cracks could cause in the product strand. The amount of about 70 g of condensate is homogeneously distributed in the material volume of 3 dm 3 . The cured product shows no difference to products without vaporization.

Damit erhöht sich die Wassermenge und Produktfeuchte: Masse Holz atro 1.781 g Leimspanfeuchte 134 g Kondensat 70 g This increases the amount of water and product moisture: Mass of wood atro 1,781 g Leimspanfeuchte 134 g condensate 70 g

--> Produktfeuchte 204 1.781 g = 11 , 4 %

Figure imgb0004
-> product moisture 204 1781 G = 11 . 4 %
Figure imgb0004

Vorausgesetzt das kondensierte Wasser verbleibt zu 100 % im Produkt und dunstet nicht, z.B. beim Abkühlen vor dem Verpacken, teilweise wieder aus, so erhöht sich die Produktfeuchte auf 11,4 % -. Das ist ein z.B. für Palettenklötze unkritischer Wert.Provided the condensed water remains 100% in the product and does not evaporate, e.g. When cooling down before packaging, partially off again, the product moisture increases to 11.4% -. This is a e.g. for pallet blocks uncritical value.

Die Modellrechnung vernachlässigt aus Vereinfachungsgründen den Bindemittelanteil und dessen Wärmekapazität. Für eine genaue Berechnung können diese Parameter zusätzlich einbezogen werden.The model calculation neglects the binder content and its heat capacity for reasons of simplification. For an exact calculation these parameters can be additionally included.

Dieselbe Modellrechnung ist für andere Produktdimensionen, Rohdichten, Wärmekapazitäten des Produktes, Dampfzustände oder Temperaturen für den Fachmann leicht übertragbar.The same model calculation is easily transferable to other persons for other product dimensions, bulk densities, product heat capacities, steam conditions or temperatures.

Die Dampfmengensteuerung ist beim gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel mit einer Innenbedampfung aus dem Pressdorn (19) bzw. dem Dampfrohr (22) im Kontaktbereich mit dem Strang (2) vorgesehen, wobei der Dampf (14) von den Auslassöffnungen (23) und ggf. den Verteilkanälen (24) direkt in den Strang (2) eindringt. In einer nicht dargestellten Variante kann die Dampfmengensteuerung auch mit einer Außenbedampfung des Strangs (2) im genannten Bereich am Rezipienten (4) und/oder anschließenden Vorheizgang (5) kombiniert werden. Die Dampfmengensteuerung ist außerdem in Verbindung mit einer kombinierten Innen- und Außenbedampfung des Strangs (2) einsetzbar.The steam quantity control is provided in the embodiment shown with an internal vaporization from the press mandrel (19) or the steam pipe (22) in the contact area with the strand (2), wherein the steam (14) from the outlet openings (23) and possibly the distribution channels ( 24) directly into the strand (2) penetrates. In a variant, not shown, the steam quantity control can also be combined with an external vaporization of the strand (2) in the area mentioned at the recipient (4) and / or subsequent preheating cycle (5). The steam quantity control can also be used in conjunction with a combined internal and external vaporization of the strand (2).

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTELIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Strangpresseextruder
22
Strangstrand
33
Füllstationfilling station
44
Rezipientrecipient
55
Kanal, Heizgang, VorheizgangChannel, heating, preheating
66
Kanal, HeizgangCanal, heating
77
Kanalwand festChannel wall firmly
88th
Kanalwand beweglichDuct wall movable
99
Pressorgan, PressstempelPress organ, press stamp
1010
Antriebdrive
1111
Pressrichtungpressing direction
1212
Bedampfungseinrichtungvaporization
1313
Zuführbereichfeeding
1414
Dampfsteam
1515
Dampferzeugersteam generator
1616
Dampfleitungsteam line
1717
Steuerungcontrol
1818
VentilValve
1919
Pressdorn, DornPress mandrel, thorn
2020
Mantelcoat
2121
Austrittsbereichexit area
2222
Dampfrohrsteam pipe
2323
Auslassöffnungoutlet
2424
Verteilkanaldistribution channel
2525
Innenraum, DampfkammerInterior, steam chamber
2626
Dampfleitung, ZuführrohrSteam line, feed tube
2727
Austrittsöffnungoutlet opening
2828
Trägerrohrsupport tube
2929
Dichtungpoetry
3030
Führung, HalterGuide, holder
3131
Beschlagfitting
3232
Maschinengestellmachine frame
3333
Hohlraumcavity
3434
Deckelcover

Claims (14)

  1. Extruder for producing extruded products from vegetal particles mixed with a binding agent, in particular wood particles, which are pressed into a strand (2) in the extruder (1), the extruder having a container (4), at least one adjoining heated channel (5, 6), a pressing element (9) and a steam-applying device (12), the steam-applying device (12) having a hollow pressing mandrel (19) with a circumferential steam outlet region (21) on the lateral surface (20) for applying steam to the adjacent strand (2), characterized in that the steam outlet region (21) is formed as a steam tube (22) with an internal steam chamber (25) having multiple outlet openings (23) distributed on the circumference, the steam tube (22) being connected to a steam generator (15) by way of a steam line (26) of reduced diameter and a remote-controllable (17) valve (18).
  2. Extruder according to Claim 1, characterized in that the pressing mandrel (19) is closed at the end faces.
  3. Extruder according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the steam outlet region (21) is arranged in the outlet region of the container (4) and/or in the adjoining channel (5) of the extruder (1).
  4. Extruder according to Claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the steam outlet region (21) has an axial length that corresponds to the strand advancement resulting from the stroke length of one to two pressing strokes of the pressing element (9).
  5. Extruder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressing mandrel (19) has a supporting tube (28), at the free end of which the steam tube (22) is arranged in line and with a substantially equal outside diameter.
  6. Extruder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steam line (26) is formed as a rigid feed tube laid in the supporting tube (28) and opens out in the steam chamber (25).
  7. Extruder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steam line (26) protrudes into the steam chamber (25) and is open at the end face.
  8. Extruder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steam chamber (25) is closed off in a steam-sealed manner at the end face and with respect to the supporting tube (28).
  9. Extruder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the valve (18) is connected to a controller (17), which is coupled to the drive (10) of the pressing element (9).
  10. Extruder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extruder (1) does not have any suction-extraction and return devices for the steam (14).
  11. Extruder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steam generator (15) is formed as a water-based saturated steam generator.
  12. Extruder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the steam generator (15) is designed for steam pressures of about 5 bar and more and for steam temperatures of about 150°C and more.
  13. Extruder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressing element (9) is formed as a pressing ram reaching over the pressing mandrel (19).
  14. Extruder according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pressing element (9) is reversibly driven.
EP06016225.2A 2005-08-10 2006-08-03 Extrusion press Active EP1752267B1 (en)

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JPS62174024A (en) * 1986-01-24 1987-07-30 Kurorera Kogyo Kk Remedy for neurophilic dysfunction
DE202006017826U1 (en) 2006-11-21 2008-03-27 Anton Heggenstaller Gmbh Extrusion plant for the production of extruded products
EP2042283A1 (en) * 2007-09-26 2009-04-01 Karl Schedlbauer Method and device for extruding small parts, in particular small wooden parts with bonding agents
DE202008010304U1 (en) 2008-08-01 2009-12-17 Anton Heggenstaller Gmbh Manufacturing plant for press products
DE102017107132B3 (en) 2017-04-03 2018-09-20 Pfeifer Holz Gmbh Extruder and method for producing extruded products

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DE10316119A1 (en) * 2003-04-09 2004-11-04 Karl Schedlbauer Extruded and compressed stand of vegetable materials, to be cut into small units, e.g. for pallet blocks, uses hot water/steam to gel the bonding agent followed by evaporation and extraction of vapors

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DE19622521C2 (en) * 1996-06-05 1998-09-17 Fraunhofer Ges Forschung Extrusion process for the continuous production of organically bound molded parts and device for carrying out the process
DE59711690D1 (en) * 1997-10-10 2004-07-08 Werzalit Ag & Co Method and device for producing molded parts
WO1999048675A1 (en) * 1998-03-25 1999-09-30 Karl Schedlbauer Method and device for producing an extrusion profile
DE19908315C1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2000-03-16 Heggenstaller Anton Ag Extrusion of vegetable particles with bonding agent uses section of extruder passage with feed of hot steam to penetrate through compressed material and heated section to accelerate hardening
DE29912822U1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2000-08-17 Heggenstaller Anton Ag Extrusion press for small plant parts
DE20018347U1 (en) * 2000-10-26 2001-10-31 Heggenstaller Anton Ag Extrusion press for small vegetable components mixed with binder

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10316119A1 (en) * 2003-04-09 2004-11-04 Karl Schedlbauer Extruded and compressed stand of vegetable materials, to be cut into small units, e.g. for pallet blocks, uses hot water/steam to gel the bonding agent followed by evaporation and extraction of vapors

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