EP1738062A2 - Oil supply for an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Oil supply for an internal combustion engine

Info

Publication number
EP1738062A2
EP1738062A2 EP05741726A EP05741726A EP1738062A2 EP 1738062 A2 EP1738062 A2 EP 1738062A2 EP 05741726 A EP05741726 A EP 05741726A EP 05741726 A EP05741726 A EP 05741726A EP 1738062 A2 EP1738062 A2 EP 1738062A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
oil
oil supply
tubular element
cylinder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP05741726A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1738062B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Hausler
Otto W. Stenzel
Georg Sick
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Wacker Neuson SE
Original Assignee
Wacker Construction Equipment AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Wacker Construction Equipment AG filed Critical Wacker Construction Equipment AG
Publication of EP1738062A2 publication Critical patent/EP1738062A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1738062B1 publication Critical patent/EP1738062B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/08—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/06—Arrangements for cooling pistons
    • F01P3/08—Cooling of piston exterior only, e.g. by jets
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/16—Controlling lubricant pressure or quantity
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01M—LUBRICATING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; LUBRICATING INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES; CRANKCASE VENTILATING
    • F01M1/00—Pressure lubrication
    • F01M1/08—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means
    • F01M2001/086—Lubricating systems characterised by the provision therein of lubricant jetting means for lubricating gudgeon pins

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an oil supply for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1 and an oil supply for a two-stroke engine according to the preamble of claim 12.
  • Such an oil supply is known from DE 42 43 571 AI.
  • a piston can then move back and forth in a cylinder in an internal combustion engine, and oil can be sprayed against the piston via a nozzle.
  • the oil is sprayed from the nozzle against the running surface of the piston and is distributed over grooves running there on the circumference of the piston.
  • the oil from the nozzle can hit the underside of the piston, e.g. H. of the piston crown, are injected to cool it.
  • no oil jet is sprayed off the nozzle when the nozzle is exposed, i. that is, when the piston is not directly in front of the nozzle. Only after the engine has warmed up and increasingly under load is the piston crown cooled by the oil jet.
  • DE 100 45 725 A1 discloses a lean lubrication system for a two-stroke engine, in which the lubricating oil is also only applied in the area of a contact surface between the piston and the cylinder, the oil being able to be applied in the form of an oil aerosol.
  • the invention is based on the object of further improving the oil supply for an internal combustion engine in order to ensure reliable operation of the internal combustion engine on the one hand through a sufficient lubrication condition and on the other hand to minimize the oil requirement.
  • the oil supply has an oil supply device for supplying oil to the piston, which is designed such that at least at a point in time at which the piston is in the region of its bottom dead center, the oil supply leads oil directly into an area below the piston head and is deployable within the piston skirt.
  • the oil can be supplied in liquid form and largely without pressure.
  • the oil should not be supplied with pressure and sprayed against the piston.
  • the oil supply device forms oil droplets in the vicinity of the bottom dead center of the piston, which during further movement of the piston, for. B. be replaced by the air movement in the crankcase.
  • an oil aerosol formation can be avoided, in which the oil with the air flow z. B. would be carried out of the crankcase by overflow channels of a two-stroke engine without having contributed to the lubrication.
  • the compact oil droplets can collide with the piston as the piston moves and can thus be used specifically to lubricate the piston pin and its bearings as well as a piston running surface.
  • the oil supply device has at least one tube element which projects from a cylinder wall or a crank chamber wall adjoining the cylinder wall into an area below the piston head, the oil being able to be supplied through the interior of the tube element.
  • the tubular element With the help of the tubular element, it is particularly easy to bring the oil as close as possible to the underside of the piston or piston crown. Since the oil is only conveyed to an outlet opening of the tube projecting into the crank chamber at a low delivery pressure, the oil is not injected. The oil simply spills out of the outlet opening, without the surface tension being overcome by the outflow speed. The droplet of droplets thus formed at the outlet opening is released from the end of the tubular element by the air movement in the crank chamber.
  • Aerosol formation through a high outflow speed at the outlet opening of the pipe element or through the addition of compressed air to oil can be effectively avoided.
  • a nozzle which may be inserted at the outlet opening of the tubular element should therefore be designed in such a way that the oil is not sprayed through it.
  • the length of the tubular element is dimensioned such that the piston does not just touch the outlet opening of the tubular element when it reaches its bottom dead center.
  • the pipe element protrudes into an area just below or even inside the piston skirt.
  • the oil droplets are fed in through one or more pipe elements and detached in the crankcase by the air flow prevailing there and are first directed to the piston pin in order to lubricate this highly stressed joint. Only then does the oil spread from here through a piston pin bore in the piston or due to the play between the piston pin and its bearing points on the running surface between the piston and cylinder.
  • the oil that swells out of the outlet opening of the tubular element forms a drop into which a part of the piston, e.g. a part of a piston wall element or a connecting rod element is immersed, as a result of which the oil is either transferred directly to these movable components or is deliberately flung to a desired location due to a displacement effect of the immersing element (e.g. a tip).
  • a part of the piston e.g. a part of a piston wall element or a connecting rod element
  • the pipe element is at one preferred development of the invention, based on a normal operating position of the internal combustion engine, directed upwards, as a result of which the oil can collect on the top of the tubular element and be removed upwards.
  • the oil supply device can have an oil pump which can be controlled as a function of the speed or load state of the internal combustion engine.
  • the oil pump delivers the oil only at the times when the piston is in the area of its bottom dead center.
  • the oil pump can be designed in such a way that it delivers the amount of oil required for an oil drop at the desired times. It is also possible for the oil pump to deliver the oil intermittently, with a cycle predetermined by the stroke movement of the piston, in order to generate the oil drops in cycles, wherein an oil supply cycle should comprise several engine work cycles (stroke movements).
  • the piston has a piston running surface which is connected to an emergency running and / or oil depot layer.
  • the depots of the piston running surface used for permanent lubrication are sufficient to ensure sufficient lubrication for a sufficient period of time without permanent oil supply.
  • the oil supply is specially designed for a two-stroke engine, the tubular element penetrating a wall of the crank chamber in the vicinity of an inlet opening of at least one overflow channel.
  • the provision of overflow channels in two-stroke engines is known and is required to fulfill the function.
  • the overflow channels serve to pass on an air / fuel mixture or the combustion air in direct injectors from the crank chamber into a combustion chamber. Because overflow channels in diverse Have been described in this way, there is no need for a more detailed description here.
  • the tubular element protrudes upwards into the crank chamber in such a way that at least a part of the oil which is conveyed through the interior of the tubular element in the direction of the crank pin, after exiting at the outlet opening of the tubular element, on the outside of the tubular element to the inlet opening of the Overflow channel flows back. From there, the oil can either be entrained as a wall film by the prevailing flow of the air-fuel mixture into the overflow channel for wetting the walls of the overflow channel or / and can be distributed directly on the walls of the overflow channel.
  • an oil supply to the overflow channels must be ensured.
  • the oil can be discharged at the inlet opening of the overflow channel and essentially entrained by the air flow into the overflow channel as a wall film.
  • the oil can also directly into the overflow channel itself, for. B. with the aid of a suitable pipe element or through an oil outlet opening in a wall of the overflow channel, an oil output at the end of the overflow channel near the combustion chamber being particularly advantageous.
  • the single figure shows schematically a section through a two-stroke engine.
  • the invention is also suitable for other types of internal combustion engines, in particular also for a four-stroke engine without an oil sump.
  • a crankshaft 2 is rotatably mounted in a known manner in an engine housing 1.
  • the crankshaft 2 penetrates a crank chamber 3 provided in the engine housing 1, in which a connecting rod 4 held on the crankshaft 2 via a connecting rod bearing (not shown) also moves in a known manner.
  • the end of the connecting rod 4 opposite the connecting rod bearing carries a piston pin 6 via a further connecting rod bearing 5.
  • the piston pin 6 penetrates a piston pin bore 7, which is formed in a piston 8, on both sides.
  • the piston 8 can be moved back and forth in a cylinder 9, with a contact surface between the piston 8 and the cylinder 9, which is covered by a piston running surface 10 designed as a cylindrical outer surface of the piston 8.
  • a combustion chamber 11 is present in the cylinder 9 above the piston 8, but which is not shown in the figure.
  • the piston 8 essentially consists of a basically disk-shaped piston head 12 which directly adjoins the combustion chamber 11.
  • a piston sleeve 13 extends, also as a component of the piston 8, which in principle is in the form of a cylindrical sleeve, which can also be referred to as a piston skirt.
  • the piston pin bores 7 are formed in the piston skirt 13 and the piston pin 6 is mounted.
  • grooves 14 are also formed on the outer circumference, ie in the piston running surface 10, into which piston rings, not shown, for. B. trapezoidal rings can be used in a known manner.
  • the piston 8 has a structure which is known per se.
  • the piston running surface 10 should advantageously be equipped with an emergency running and / or oil depot layer in order to minimize the need for oil lubrication for the piston running surface 10.
  • inlet openings 15 for overflow channels 15a are formed, which in turn open into outlet cross sections 15b.
  • the air-fuel mixture located in the crank chamber 3 is displaced from the crank chamber 3 and conveyed through the overflow duct 15a (or also through a plurality of overflow ducts 15a) to the combustion chamber 11, where the air-fuel mixture is in the next working cycle after compression again is ignited by the piston 8.
  • This working principle of a two-stroke engine has been known for a long time, so that a further explanation, in particular also of the construction of the overflow channels 15a, is unnecessary at this point.
  • the two-stroke engine shown is equipped with an oil supply according to the invention, which among other things has an oil supply device for supplying oil to the piston 8.
  • the oil supply device comprises two pipe elements 16 which are connected on the input side to an oil pump, not shown.
  • the oil or metering pump can be used as a continuous pump (e.g. gear pump) or as a discontinuous pump (e.g. piston pump, Membrane pump, piezo pump or bubble jet pump). It should only deliver the oil to the respective outlet opening 17 of the pipe elements 16 at a low delivery pressure. No injection pressure is to be generated, so that the oil oozes out of the outlet opening 17 without the surface tension being overcome by the outflow speed.
  • the oil drop which has escaped in this way is replaced by the air movement in the crank chamber 3, in particular by the movement of the piston 8, so that it hits the connecting rod 4 or the piston pin 6 during the further movement of the piston 8. From there the oil is distributed e.g. B. on the connecting rod bearing 5 or in the piston pin bores 7 and can finally reach the outside of the piston 8, namely on the piston running surface 10.
  • Aerosol formation of the oil by high outflow velocities at the outlet opening 17, in particular at a nozzle used there, or by the admixture of compressed air to the oil should be avoided in order to concentrate the oil supply to the underside of the piston crown 12 or to the inside of the piston skirt 13 guarantee.
  • An oil aerosol would also reach places in the crank chamber 3 that do not require any lubrication at all.
  • the tubular elements 16 protrude from below into the area below the piston 8, whereby they should reach as far as possible that they are brought as close as possible to the piston pin 6 when the piston 8 is in its bottom dead center shown in the figure. It is particularly advantageous if the tubular elements 16 even protrude into the interior of the piston skirt 13.
  • the outlet openings 17 end next to the connecting rod of the connecting rod 4 approximately centrally to the connecting rod bearing 5. To avoid unnecessary oil losses in the overflow channels 15a, it is advantageous to have the ends of the tubular elements 16 end as high as possible. This means that the tubular elements 16 protrude as high as possible under the piston skirt 13 at the bottom dead center of the piston 8.
  • Part of the oil that exits at the outlet opening 17 is not carried along by the piston 8, but flows on the outside of the pipe elements. te 16 back to the inlet openings 15 and thus reaches the overflow channels 15a. From there, the oil can be drawn further into the overflow channels 15a by the flow of the air / fuel mixture and can also reach the region of the respective overflow channel 15a near the combustion chamber at its other end at the outlet cross section 15b. In this way, coking of the overflow channels 15a can be effectively prevented.
  • the oil should be transported on the wall as an oil film covering.
  • the directed air flow in the overflow channel 15a serves as a drive means.
  • the oil feed into the overflow channels 15a can be carried out in addition to the oil feed to the piston 8 (eg by means of additional pipe elements 16).
  • the amount of oil introduced into the overflow channels 15a is then distributed in the cylinder running surface and thus serves to lubricate the friction pairing of pistons, piston rings and cylinders.
  • the amount of oil required is not in a fixed ratio to the amount of gasoline.
  • the metered amount of oil can - as has been known for a long time - dependent or according to the specifications of a characteristic field.
  • a higher amount of oil is required than in the case of partial load or idling.
  • idling it may be possible that no oil has to be pumped at all.
  • control of the pump and, if applicable, an associated characteristic field can be stored in a processor control, which is advantageously integrated in an ignition or power supply module of the engine.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Lubrication Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Lubrication Details And Ventilation Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an oil supply for an internal combustion engine, comprising an oil supply device for the supply of oil to a piston (8), reciprocating in a cylinder (9). The oil supply device is embodied such that at least at a point at which the piston (8) is in the region of bottom dead centre, oil is introduced directly into a region below the piston (8), by means of the oil supply device, in particular, beneath the piston crown (12) and within the piston skirt (13). The oil supply device thus comprises at least one tube element (16), extending into a region beneath the piston crown (8). The tube element (16) terminates as close as possible to a gudgeon pin (6), when the piston (8) is at bottom dead centre. A targeted lubrication of the mechanically and thermally highly loaded gudgeon pin (6) can thus be guaranteed. It is also possible by means of the oil supply to supply transfer ports (15a) of a two-stroke engine with oil, counteracting a tendency to coke up.

Description

Ölversorgung für einen Verbrennungsmotor Oil supply for an internal combustion engine
Die Erfindung betrifft eine Ölversorgung für einen Verbrennungsmotor gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Patentanspruch 1 sowie eine Ölversorgung für ei- nen Zweitaktmotor gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 12.The invention relates to an oil supply for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1 and an oil supply for a two-stroke engine according to the preamble of claim 12.
Eine derartige Ölversorgung ist aus der DE 42 43 571 AI bekannt. Danach ist in einem Verbrennungsmotor ein Kolben in einem Zylinder hin- und herbeweglich, wobei Öl über eine Düse gegen den Kolben gespritzt werden kann. Wenn sich der Kolben im Bereich seines unteren Totpunkts befindet, wird das Öl von der Düse gegen die Lauffläche des Kolbens gespritzt und verteilt sich über dort verlaufende Nuten am Umfang des Kolbens. Wenn sich der Kolben dagegen im Bereich seines oberen Totpunkts befindet, kann das Öl von der Düse gegen die Unterseite des Kolbens, d. h. des Kolbenbo- dens, gespritzt werden, um diesen zu kühlen. Bei geringer Belastung des Motors oder bei noch kalter Maschine wird kein Ölstrahl von der Düse abgespritzt, wenn die Düse freiliegt, d. h., wenn sich der Kolben nicht direkt vor der Düse befindet. Erst nach Erwärmung des Motors und zunehmend bei Last wird auch der Kolbenboden durch den Ölstrahl gekühlt.Such an oil supply is known from DE 42 43 571 AI. A piston can then move back and forth in a cylinder in an internal combustion engine, and oil can be sprayed against the piston via a nozzle. When the piston is in the area of its bottom dead center, the oil is sprayed from the nozzle against the running surface of the piston and is distributed over grooves running there on the circumference of the piston. Conversely, when the piston is at top dead center, the oil from the nozzle can hit the underside of the piston, e.g. H. of the piston crown, are injected to cool it. With the engine under low load or with the machine still cold, no oil jet is sprayed off the nozzle when the nozzle is exposed, i. that is, when the piston is not directly in front of the nozzle. Only after the engine has warmed up and increasingly under load is the piston crown cooled by the oil jet.
Auch aus der EP 0 609 866 AI ist es bekannt, die Kolbenlauffläche im Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors mit Öl direkt zu schmieren.It is also known from EP 0 609 866 AI to directly lubricate the piston running surface with oil when the internal combustion engine is operating.
Aus der DE 100 45 725 AI ist ein Magerschmierungssystem für einen Zwei- taktmotor bekannt, bei dem ebenfalls das Schmieröl lediglich in den Bereich einer Berührungsfläche zwischen dem Kolben und dem Zylinder ausgebracht wird, wobei das Öl in Form eines Ölaerosols ausbringbar ist.DE 100 45 725 A1 discloses a lean lubrication system for a two-stroke engine, in which the lubricating oil is also only applied in the area of a contact surface between the piston and the cylinder, the oil being able to be applied in the form of an oil aerosol.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Ölversorgung für einen Ver- brennungsmotor weiter zu verbessern, um einerseits eine zuverlässige Funktion des Verbrennungsmotors durch einen ausreichenden Schmierungszustand zu gewährleisten und andererseits den Ölbedarf zu minimieren.The invention is based on the object of further improving the oil supply for an internal combustion engine in order to ensure reliable operation of the internal combustion engine on the one hand through a sufficient lubrication condition and on the other hand to minimize the oil requirement.
Die erfmdungsgemäjSe Lösung der Aufgabe ist in Patentspruch 1 angegeben. Vorteilhafte Weiterentwicklungen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen definiert. Eine ebenfalls vorteilhafte Lösung der Erfindung ist in Anspruch 13 angegeben. Erfindungsgemäß weist die Ölversorgung eine Olzufuhreinrichtung zum Zuführen von Öl zu dem Kolben auf, die derart ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens zu einem Zeitpunkt, zu dem sich der Kolben im Bereich seines unteren Totpunkts befindet, durch die Ölzuführung Öl direkt in einen Bereich unterhalb des Kolbenbodens und innerhalb des Kolbenhemds ausbringbar ist.The solution to the problem according to the invention is specified in patent claim 1. Advantageous further developments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims. A likewise advantageous solution of the invention is specified in claim 13. According to the invention, the oil supply has an oil supply device for supplying oil to the piston, which is designed such that at least at a point in time at which the piston is in the region of its bottom dead center, the oil supply leads oil directly into an area below the piston head and is deployable within the piston skirt.
Es hat sich herausgestellt, dass ein den Kolben mit einer Pleuelstange verbindender Kolbenbolzen sowie dessen Lagerungen im Kolben und im Pleuel im Betrieb des Verbrennungsmotors besonders hoch belastet sind. Während die meisten Lager des Motors lebensdauergeschmiert sein können, lässt sich für die Lagerung des Kolbenbolzens aufgrund der hohen thermischen und mechanischen Belastung nicht ohne weiteres eine Lagerung mit Lebensdauerschmierung realisieren. Daher ist es sehr vorteilhaft, wenn das Öl durch die Olzufuhreinrichtung so nahe wie möglich an den Kolbenbolzen herange- bracht wird, der am besten von unten, also von der dem Brennraum abgewandten, rückwärtigen Seite des Kolbenbodens zugänglich ist.It has been found that a piston pin connecting the piston to a connecting rod and its bearings in the piston and in the connecting rod are subjected to particularly high loads during operation of the internal combustion engine. While most of the engine's bearings can be lubricated for life, bearing with piston lubrication cannot be easily implemented due to the high thermal and mechanical loads. It is therefore very advantageous if the oil is brought through the oil feed device as close as possible to the piston pin, which is best accessible from below, that is to say from the rear side of the piston head facing away from the combustion chamber.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, wenn das Öl in flüssiger Form und weitgehend drucklos zuführbar ist. Das Öl sollte nämlich zur Vermeidung unnötiger Öl- mengen nicht mit Druck zugeführt und gegen den Kolben gespritzt werden. Vielmehr ist es anzustreben, wenn sich durch die Olzufuhreinrichtung Öl- tröpfchen in der Nähe des unteren Totpunkts des Kolbens bilden, die bei der weiteren Bewegung des Kolbens, z. B. durch die Luftbewegung im Kurbelraum abgelöst werden. Auf diese Weise lässt sich eine Ölaerosolbildung ver- meiden, bei der das Öl mit dem Luftstrom z. B. durch Überströmkanäle eines Zweitaktmotors aus dem Kurbelraum herausgetragen würde, ohne einen Beitrag zur Schmierung geleistet zu haben. Die kompakten Öltröpfchen hingegen können bei der weiteren Bewegung des Kolbens gegen den Kolben prallen und dadurch gezielt zur Schmierung des Kolbenbolzens und seiner Lager sowie einer Kolbenlauffläche eingesetzt werden.It is particularly advantageous if the oil can be supplied in liquid form and largely without pressure. To avoid unnecessary oil quantities, the oil should not be supplied with pressure and sprayed against the piston. Rather, it is desirable if the oil supply device forms oil droplets in the vicinity of the bottom dead center of the piston, which during further movement of the piston, for. B. be replaced by the air movement in the crankcase. In this way, an oil aerosol formation can be avoided, in which the oil with the air flow z. B. would be carried out of the crankcase by overflow channels of a two-stroke engine without having contributed to the lubrication. The compact oil droplets, on the other hand, can collide with the piston as the piston moves and can thus be used specifically to lubricate the piston pin and its bearings as well as a piston running surface.
Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung weist die Olzufuhreinrichtung wenigstens ein Rohrelement auf, das von einer Zylinderwand oder einer sich an die Zylinderwand anschließenden Kurbelraum- wand aus in einen Bereich unterhalb des Kolbenbodens ragt, wobei das Öl durch das Innere des Rohrelements zuführbar ist. Mit Hilfe des Rohrelements ist es besonders einfach möglich, das Öl so nahe wie möglich an die Unterseite des Kolbens bzw. Kolbenbodens heranzubringen. Da das Öl nur mit geringem Förderdruck zu einer Auslassöffnung des in den Kurbelraum hineinragenden Röhrchens gefördert wird, erfolgt keine Einspritzung des Öls. Das Öl quillt lediglich aus der Auslassöffnung, ohne dass die Oberflächenspannung durch die Ausströmgeschwindigkeit überwunden wird. Der sich so an der Auslassöffnung bildende Öftropfen wird durch die Luftbewegung im Kurbelraum von dem Ende des Rohrelements gelöst. Eine Aerosolbildung durch eine hohe Ausströmgeschwindigkeit an der Auslassöffnung des Rohrelements oder durch das Zumischen von Druckluft von Öl lässt sich wirkungsvoll vermeiden. Eine gegebenenfalls an der Auslassöffnung des Rohrelements eingesetzte Düse sollte daher derart gestaltet sein, dass das Öl durch sie nicht verspritzt wird.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the oil supply device has at least one tube element which projects from a cylinder wall or a crank chamber wall adjoining the cylinder wall into an area below the piston head, the oil being able to be supplied through the interior of the tube element. With the help of the tubular element, it is particularly easy to bring the oil as close as possible to the underside of the piston or piston crown. Since the oil is only conveyed to an outlet opening of the tube projecting into the crank chamber at a low delivery pressure, the oil is not injected. The oil simply spills out of the outlet opening, without the surface tension being overcome by the outflow speed. The droplet of droplets thus formed at the outlet opening is released from the end of the tubular element by the air movement in the crank chamber. Aerosol formation through a high outflow speed at the outlet opening of the pipe element or through the addition of compressed air to oil can be effectively avoided. A nozzle which may be inserted at the outlet opening of the tubular element should therefore be designed in such a way that the oil is not sprayed through it.
Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Weiterentwicklung der Erfindung ist die Länge des Rohrelements derart bemessen, dass der Kolben bei Erreichen seines unteren Totpunkts die Auslassöffnung des Rohrelements gerade eben nicht berührt. Idealerweise ragt dabei das Rohrelement in einen Bereich dicht unterhalb oder gar innerhalb des Kolbenhemds hinein.- Auf diese Weise lässt sich das Öl gezielt in den Bereich des Kolbenbolzens führen, ohne dass es auf seinem Weg dahin unnötig im Kurbelraum verteilt würde. Die Öltrop- fen werden über ein oder mehrere Rohrelemente zugeführt und im Kurbelgehäuse durch den dort herrschenden Luftstrom abgelöst und zunächst zum Kolbenbolzen geleitet, um dieses hoch beanspruchte Gelenk zu schmieren. Erst danach verteilt sich das Öl von hier durch eine Kolbenbolzenbohrung im Kolben bzw. aufgrund des Spiels zwischen dem Kolbenbolzen und seinen Lagerstellen auf die Lauffläche zwischen Kolben und Zylinder.In a particularly advantageous further development of the invention, the length of the tubular element is dimensioned such that the piston does not just touch the outlet opening of the tubular element when it reaches its bottom dead center. Ideally, the pipe element protrudes into an area just below or even inside the piston skirt. In this way, the oil can be directed into the area of the piston pin without being unnecessarily distributed in the crankcase on its way there. The oil droplets are fed in through one or more pipe elements and detached in the crankcase by the air flow prevailing there and are first directed to the piston pin in order to lubricate this highly stressed joint. Only then does the oil spread from here through a piston pin bore in the piston or due to the play between the piston pin and its bearing points on the running surface between the piston and cylinder.
Dabei ist es auch möglich, wenn das aus der Auslassöffnung des Rohrele- ments herausquellende Öl einen Tropfen bildet, in den ein Teil des Kolbens, z.B. ein Teil eines Kolbenwandelements oder eines Pleuelelements, eintaucht, wodurch das Öl entweder auf diese beweglichen Bauteile direkt übertragen wird oder aufgrund einer Verdrängungswirkung des eintauchenden Elements (z.B. einer Spitze) gezielt an eine gewünschte Stelle geschleu- dert wird.It is also possible if the oil that swells out of the outlet opening of the tubular element forms a drop into which a part of the piston, e.g. a part of a piston wall element or a connecting rod element is immersed, as a result of which the oil is either transferred directly to these movable components or is deliberately flung to a desired location due to a displacement effect of the immersing element (e.g. a tip).
Um die Tröpfchenbildung zu unterstützten, ist das Rohrelement bei einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung der Erfindung, bezogen auf eine normale Betriebsstellung des Verbrennungsmotors, nach oben gerichtet, wodurch das Öl sich auf der Oberseite des Rohrelements sammeln kann und nach oben abgenommen wird.In order to support the formation of droplets, the pipe element is at one preferred development of the invention, based on a normal operating position of the internal combustion engine, directed upwards, as a result of which the oil can collect on the top of the tubular element and be removed upwards.
Die Olzufuhreinrichtung kann eine Ölpumpe aufweisen, die in Abhängigkeit von Drehzahl oder Lastzustand des Verbrennungsmotor ansteuerbar ist.The oil supply device can have an oil pump which can be controlled as a function of the speed or load state of the internal combustion engine.
Besonders vorteilhaft ist es dabei, wenn die Ölpumpe das Öl nur zu den Zeitpunkten fördert, zu denen sich der Kolben im Bereich seines unteren Totpunkts befindet. Die Ölpumpe kann dazu derart ausgeführt sein, dass sie jeweils zu den gewünschten Zeitpunkten die für einen Oltropfen erforderliche Ölmenge fördert. Auch ist es möglich, dass die Ölpumpe das Öl intermittierend, mit einem durch die Hubbewegung des Kolbens vorgegebenen Takt fördert, um die Oltropfen taktweise zu erzeugen, wobei ein Olzuführungstakt mehrere Arbeitstakte des Motors (Hubbewegungen) umfassen sollte.It is particularly advantageous if the oil pump delivers the oil only at the times when the piston is in the area of its bottom dead center. For this purpose, the oil pump can be designed in such a way that it delivers the amount of oil required for an oil drop at the desired times. It is also possible for the oil pump to deliver the oil intermittently, with a cycle predetermined by the stroke movement of the piston, in order to generate the oil drops in cycles, wherein an oil supply cycle should comprise several engine work cycles (stroke movements).
Da - wie oben ausgeführt - die Olzuführung bei dem Verbrennungsmotor auf den Bereich direkt unterhalb des Kolbens, insbesondere auf den Kolbenbol- zen, beschränkt sein soll, ist es bei einer weiteren Ausführungsform der Erfindung besonders vorteilhaft, dass der Kolben eine Kolbenlauffläche aufweist, die mit einer Notlauf- und/oder Öldepotschicht ausgestattet ist. Dadurch ist es nicht zwingend erforderlich, dass die Kolbenlauffläche und somit die Berührfläche zwischen Kolben und Zylinder ständig mit Öl versorgt wird. Vielmehr reichen die zur Dauerschmierung dienenden Depots der Kolbenlauffläche aus, um auch über einen ausreichenden Zeitraum hin eine ausreichende Schmierung, ohne permanente Ölversorgung, zu gewährleisten.Since - as explained above - the oil supply in the internal combustion engine is to be limited to the area directly below the piston, in particular to the piston pin, it is particularly advantageous in a further embodiment of the invention that the piston has a piston running surface which is connected to an emergency running and / or oil depot layer. As a result, it is not absolutely necessary for the piston running surface and thus the contact surface between the piston and the cylinder to be continuously supplied with oil. Rather, the depots of the piston running surface used for permanent lubrication are sufficient to ensure sufficient lubrication for a sufficient period of time without permanent oil supply.
Bei einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist die Ölversorgung speziell für einen Zweitaktmotor ausgebildet, wobei das Rohrelement eine Wand des Kurbelraums in der Nähe einer Einlassöffnung von wenigstens einem Überströmkanal durchdringt. Die Bereitstellung von Überströmkanälen bei Zweitaktmotoren ist bekannt und zur Erfüllung der Funk- tion erforderlich. Die Überströmkanäle dienen zur Weiterleitung eines Luft- Kraftstoff-Gemisches oder der Verbrennungsluft bei Direkteinspritzern aus dem Kurbelraum in einen Brennraum. Da Überströmkanäle in vielfältiger Weise beschrieben worden sind, erübrigt sich eine ausführlichere Darstellung an dieser Stelle.In a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention, the oil supply is specially designed for a two-stroke engine, the tubular element penetrating a wall of the crank chamber in the vicinity of an inlet opening of at least one overflow channel. The provision of overflow channels in two-stroke engines is known and is required to fulfill the function. The overflow channels serve to pass on an air / fuel mixture or the combustion air in direct injectors from the crank chamber into a combustion chamber. Because overflow channels in diverse Have been described in this way, there is no need for a more detailed description here.
Bei der vorteilhaften Ausführungsform ragt das Rohrelement derart in den Kurbelraum nach oben hinein, dass wenigstens ein Teil des Öls, das durch das Innere des Rohrelements in Richtung des Kurbelbolzens gefördert wird, nach Austreten an der Auslassöffnung des Rohrelements an der Außenseite des Rohrelements zur Einlassöffnung des Überströmkanals zurückfließt. Von dort kann das Öl entweder von der dort vorherrschenden Strömung des Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemisches in den Überstromkanal zur Benetzung der Wände des Überströmkanals als Wandfilm mitgerissen werden oder/und sich direkt auf den Wänden des Überströmkanals verteilen.In the advantageous embodiment, the tubular element protrudes upwards into the crank chamber in such a way that at least a part of the oil which is conveyed through the interior of the tubular element in the direction of the crank pin, after exiting at the outlet opening of the tubular element, on the outside of the tubular element to the inlet opening of the Overflow channel flows back. From there, the oil can either be entrained as a wall film by the prevailing flow of the air-fuel mixture into the overflow channel for wetting the walls of the overflow channel or / and can be distributed directly on the walls of the overflow channel.
Es hat sich bei Zweitaktmotoren herausgestellt, dass bei einer sehr geringen Ölschmierung, insbesondere dann, wenn das den Kurbelraum durchströmende Luft-Kraftstoff- Gemisch keine Oltröpfchen mitführt, die Gefahr einer Verkokung in den Überströmkanälen besteht. Bei einer derartigen Minimalschmierung von Zweitaktmotoren wurde beobachtet, dass sich die Überströmkanäle im brennraumnahen Bereich mit verkokten Benzinresten bele- gen, was die Funktion und Zuverlässigkeit des Motors erheblich beeinträchtigt und zu einem Totalausfall führen kann. Es wurde weiterhin festgestellt, dass der Verkokungstendenz durch eine Oberflächenbenetzung der Überströmkanäle mit Öl entgegengewirkt werden kann, was durch die oben beschriebene Rückführung eines Teils des Öls aus dem Rohrelement gewähr- leistet wird.It has been found in two-stroke engines that there is a risk of coking in the overflow channels if the oil lubrication is very low, especially if the air-fuel mixture flowing through the crank chamber does not carry any oil droplets. With such minimal lubrication of two-stroke engines, it was observed that the overflow ducts in the area near the combustion chamber are covered with coked petrol residues, which significantly affects the function and reliability of the engine and can lead to a total failure. It was also found that the coking tendency can be counteracted by wetting the surface of the overflow channels with oil, which is ensured by the return of part of the oil from the pipe element described above.
Alternativ dazu ist es bei einem nebengeordneten Aspekt der Erfindung möglich, bei einer Ölversorgung für einen Zweitaktmotor das Öl durch die Olzufuhreinrichtung gezielt in einen Bereich einer Einlassöffnung des Über- strömkanals oder in den Überströmkanal selbst auszubringen. Eine Olzuführung zu sonstigen Bereichen des Zweitaktmotors ist nicht erforderlich.As an alternative to this, in the case of a secondary aspect of the invention, in the case of an oil supply for a two-stroke engine, it is possible for the oil to be brought out specifically through the oil supply device into a region of an inlet opening of the overflow channel or into the overflow channel itself. An oil supply to other areas of the two-stroke engine is not necessary.
Bei einer derartigen Ölversorgung ist es möglich, sämtliche beweglichen Teile des Zweitaktmotors, so auch die Kurbelwellen- und Pleuellagerung, die Kolbenbolzenlagerung oder die Berührungsfläche zwischen dem Kolben und dem Zylinder lebensdauergerecht zu schmieren, so dass für diese Teile keine Ölschmierung. erforderlich ist. Um die Gefahr einer Verkokung der Überströmkanäle zu vermeiden, ist jedoch eine Olzuführung zu den Überströmkanälen sicherzustellen. Das Öl kann an der Einlassöffnung des Überströmkanals ausgebracht und von der Luftströmung in den Überströmkanal im wesentlichen als Wandfilm mitge- rissen werden. Alternativ dazu kann das Öl auch direkt in den Überströmkanal selbst, z. B. mit Hilfe eines geeigneten Rohrelements oder durch eine Ölauslassöf nung in einer Wandung des Überströmkanals, ausgebracht werden, wobei dabei eine Ölausbringung am brennraumnahen Ende des Überströmkanals von besonderem Vorteil sein dürfte.With such an oil supply, it is possible to lubricate all moving parts of the two-stroke engine, including the crankshaft and connecting rod bearings, the piston pin bearing or the contact surface between the piston and the cylinder, so that no oil lubrication is required for these parts . is required. In order to avoid the risk of coking of the overflow channels, however, an oil supply to the overflow channels must be ensured. The oil can be discharged at the inlet opening of the overflow channel and essentially entrained by the air flow into the overflow channel as a wall film. Alternatively, the oil can also directly into the overflow channel itself, for. B. with the aid of a suitable pipe element or through an oil outlet opening in a wall of the overflow channel, an oil output at the end of the overflow channel near the combustion chamber being particularly advantageous.
Bei einer derartigen Versorgung der Überströmkanäle mit Öl ist es möglich, einen Zweitaktmotor bereitzustellen, der ansonsten keine zusätzliche Ölschmierung benötigt.With such a supply of the overflow channels with oil, it is possible to provide a two-stroke engine that otherwise does not require additional oil lubrication.
Diese und weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung werden nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels unter Zuhilfenahme der begleitenden Figur erläutert.These and other advantages and features of the invention are explained below using an exemplary embodiment with the aid of the accompanying figure.
Die einzige Figur zeigt schematisch einen Schnitt durch einen Zweitaktmo- tor. Die Erfindung eignet sich jedoch auch für andere Arten von Verbrennungsmotoren, so insbesondere auch für einen Viertaktmotor ohne Ölsumpf.The single figure shows schematically a section through a two-stroke engine. However, the invention is also suitable for other types of internal combustion engines, in particular also for a four-stroke engine without an oil sump.
In einem Motorgehäuse 1 ist eine Kurbelwelle 2 in bekannter Weise drehbar gelagert. Die Kurbelwelle 2 durchdringt einen in dem Motorgehäuse 1 vorge- sehenen Kurbelraum 3, in dem sich auch ein über ein nicht dargestelltes Pleuellager auf der Kurbelwelle 2 gehaltenes Pleuel 4 in bekannter Weise bewegt.A crankshaft 2 is rotatably mounted in a known manner in an engine housing 1. The crankshaft 2 penetrates a crank chamber 3 provided in the engine housing 1, in which a connecting rod 4 held on the crankshaft 2 via a connecting rod bearing (not shown) also moves in a known manner.
Das dem Pleuellager gegenüberliegende Ende des Pleuels 4 trägt über ein weiteres Pleuellager 5 einen Kolbenbolzen 6. Der Kolbenbolzen 6 durchdringt beidseitig jeweils eine Kolbenbolzenbohrung 7, die in einem Kolben 8 ausgebildet ist. Der Kolben 8 ist in einem Zylinder 9 hin- und herbeweglich, wobei zwischen dem Kolben 8 und dem Zylinder 9 eine Berührungsfläche besteht, die von einer als zylindrische Mantelfläche des Kolbens 8 ausgebildeten Kol- benlauffläche 10 überstrichen wird.The end of the connecting rod 4 opposite the connecting rod bearing carries a piston pin 6 via a further connecting rod bearing 5. The piston pin 6 penetrates a piston pin bore 7, which is formed in a piston 8, on both sides. The piston 8 can be moved back and forth in a cylinder 9, with a contact surface between the piston 8 and the cylinder 9, which is covered by a piston running surface 10 designed as a cylindrical outer surface of the piston 8.
Oberhalb des Kolbens 8 ist in dem Zylinder 9 ein Brennraum 11 vorhanden, der aber in der Figur nicht näher dargestellt ist.A combustion chamber 11 is present in the cylinder 9 above the piston 8, but which is not shown in the figure.
Der Kolben 8 besteht im Wesentlichen aus einem prinzipiell scheibenförmigen Kolbenboden 12, der direkt an den Brennraum 11 angrenzt. Ausgehend von dem Kolbenboden 12 erstreckt sich - ebenfalls als Bestandteil des Kolbens 8 - ein prinzipiell zylinderhülsenförmiges Kolbenhemd 13, das auch als Kolbenschaft bezeichnet werden kann. In dem Kolbenhemd 13 sind die Kolbenbolzenbohrungen 7 ausgebildet und der Kolbenbolzen 6 gelagert.The piston 8 essentially consists of a basically disk-shaped piston head 12 which directly adjoins the combustion chamber 11. Starting from the piston crown 12, a piston sleeve 13 extends, also as a component of the piston 8, which in principle is in the form of a cylindrical sleeve, which can also be referred to as a piston skirt. The piston pin bores 7 are formed in the piston skirt 13 and the piston pin 6 is mounted.
In dem Kolbenhemd 13 bzw. dem Kolbenboden 12 sind am Außenumfang, also in der Kolbenlauffläche 10, darüber hinaus Nuten 14 ausgebildet, in die nicht dargestellte Kolbenringe, z. B. Trapezringe, in bekannter Weise eingesetzt werden. Der Kolben 8 weist insofern einen an sich bekannten Aufbau auf. Allerdings sollte die Kolbenlauffläche 10 vorteilhafterweise mit einer Notlauf- und/oder Öldepotschicht ausgestattet sein, um einen Ölschmie- rungsbedarf für die Kolbenlauffläche 10 zu minimieren.In the piston skirt 13 or the piston crown 12, grooves 14 are also formed on the outer circumference, ie in the piston running surface 10, into which piston rings, not shown, for. B. trapezoidal rings can be used in a known manner. The piston 8 has a structure which is known per se. However, the piston running surface 10 should advantageously be equipped with an emergency running and / or oil depot layer in order to minimize the need for oil lubrication for the piston running surface 10.
In einer Wandung des Kurbelraums 3 sind Einlassöffnungen 15 für Überströmkanäle 15a ausgebildet, die wiederum in Auslassquerschnitten 15b münden. Bei einer Abwärtsbewegung des Kolbens 8 wird das im Kurbelraum 3 befindliche Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemisch aus dem Kurbelraum 3 verdrängt und durch den Überströmkanal 15a (oder auch durch mehrere Überströmkanäle 15a) zum Brennraum 11 gefördert, wo das Luft-Kraftstoff-Gemisch im nächsten Arbeitstakt nach erneuter Verdichtung durch den Kolben 8 gezündet wird. Dieses Arbeitsprinzip eines Zweitaktmotors ist seit langem bekannt, so dass sich an dieser Stelle eine weitere Erläuterung, insbesondere auch des Aufbaus der Überströmkanäle 15a, erübrigt.In a wall of the crank chamber 3, inlet openings 15 for overflow channels 15a are formed, which in turn open into outlet cross sections 15b. During a downward movement of the piston 8, the air-fuel mixture located in the crank chamber 3 is displaced from the crank chamber 3 and conveyed through the overflow duct 15a (or also through a plurality of overflow ducts 15a) to the combustion chamber 11, where the air-fuel mixture is in the next working cycle after compression again is ignited by the piston 8. This working principle of a two-stroke engine has been known for a long time, so that a further explanation, in particular also of the construction of the overflow channels 15a, is unnecessary at this point.
Der dargestellte Zweitaktmotor ist mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Ölversor- gung ausgestattet, die unter anderem eine Olzufuhreinrichtung zum Zuführen von Öl zu dem Kolben 8 aufweist.The two-stroke engine shown is equipped with an oil supply according to the invention, which among other things has an oil supply device for supplying oil to the piston 8.
Die Olzufuhreinrichtung umfasst zwei Rohrelemente 16, die eingangs seitig mit einer nicht dargestellten Ölpumpe verbunden sind.The oil supply device comprises two pipe elements 16 which are connected on the input side to an oil pump, not shown.
Die Öl- bzw. Dosierpumpe kann als kontinuierliche Pumpe (z. B. Zahnradpumpe) oder als diskontinuierlich arbeitende Pumpe (z.B. Kolbenpumpe, Membranpumpe, Piezopumpe oder Bubble-Jet-Pumpe) ausgebildet sein. Sie soll das Öl nur mit geringem Förderdruck zu einer jeweiligen Auslassöffnung 17 der Rohr-elemente 16 fördern. Es soll kein Einspritzdruck erzeugt werden, so dass das Öl aus der Auslassöffnung 17 herausquillt, ohne dass die Oberflächenspannung durch die Ausströmgeschwindigkeit überwunden wird. Der auf diese Weise ausgetretene Oltropfen wird durch die Luftbewegung im Kurbelraum 3, insbesondere durch die Bewegung des Kolbens 8 abgelöst, so dass er bei der weiteren Bewegung des Kolbens 8 gegen das Pleuel 4 oder den Kolbenbolzen 6 aufschlägt. Von dort verteilt sich das Öl z. B. auf das Pleuellager 5 oder in die Kolbenbolzenbohrungen 7 und kann schließlich auch auf die Außenseite des Kolbens 8, nämlich auf die Kolbenlauffläche 10 gelangen.The oil or metering pump can be used as a continuous pump (e.g. gear pump) or as a discontinuous pump (e.g. piston pump, Membrane pump, piezo pump or bubble jet pump). It should only deliver the oil to the respective outlet opening 17 of the pipe elements 16 at a low delivery pressure. No injection pressure is to be generated, so that the oil oozes out of the outlet opening 17 without the surface tension being overcome by the outflow speed. The oil drop which has escaped in this way is replaced by the air movement in the crank chamber 3, in particular by the movement of the piston 8, so that it hits the connecting rod 4 or the piston pin 6 during the further movement of the piston 8. From there the oil is distributed e.g. B. on the connecting rod bearing 5 or in the piston pin bores 7 and can finally reach the outside of the piston 8, namely on the piston running surface 10.
Eine Aerosolbildung des Öls durch hohe Ausströmgeschwindigkeiten an der Auslassöffnung 17, insbesondere an einer dort eingesetzten Düse,, oder durch das Zumischen von Druckluft zum Öl sollte vermieden werden, um eine konzentrierte Olzuführung zur Unterseite des Kolbenbodens 12 bzw. in das Innere des Kolbenhemds 13 zu gewährleisten. Ein Ölaerosol hingegen würde im Kurbelraum 3 auch Stellen erreichen, die überhaupt keine Schmierung benötigen.Aerosol formation of the oil by high outflow velocities at the outlet opening 17, in particular at a nozzle used there, or by the admixture of compressed air to the oil should be avoided in order to concentrate the oil supply to the underside of the piston crown 12 or to the inside of the piston skirt 13 guarantee. An oil aerosol, on the other hand, would also reach places in the crank chamber 3 that do not require any lubrication at all.
Die Rohrelemente 16 ragen von unten in den Bereich unterhalb des Kolbens 8 herein, wobei sie möglichst soweit vorreichen sollten, dass sie möglichst dicht an den Kolbenbolzen 6 herangeführt werden, wenn sich der Kolben 8 in seinem in der Figur gezeigten unteren Totpunkt befindet. Dabei ist es besonders vorteilhaft, wenn die Rohrelemente 16 sogar in das Innere des Kolbenhemds 13 hineinragen.The tubular elements 16 protrude from below into the area below the piston 8, whereby they should reach as far as possible that they are brought as close as possible to the piston pin 6 when the piston 8 is in its bottom dead center shown in the figure. It is particularly advantageous if the tubular elements 16 even protrude into the interior of the piston skirt 13.
Die Auslassöffnungen 17 enden neben der Pleuelstange des Pleuels 4 in etwa zentrisch zum Pleuellager 5. Zur Vermeidung unnötiger Ölverluste in die Überströmkanäle 15a ist es vorteilhaft, die Enden der Rohrelemente 16 so hoch wie möglich enden zu lassen. Dies bedeutet, dass die Rohrelemente 16 im unteren Totpunkt des Kolbens 8 so hoch wie möglich unter das Kolbenhemd 13 hineinragen.The outlet openings 17 end next to the connecting rod of the connecting rod 4 approximately centrally to the connecting rod bearing 5. To avoid unnecessary oil losses in the overflow channels 15a, it is advantageous to have the ends of the tubular elements 16 end as high as possible. This means that the tubular elements 16 protrude as high as possible under the piston skirt 13 at the bottom dead center of the piston 8.
Ein Teil des Öls, das an der Auslässöffnung 17 austritt, wird nicht durch den Kolben 8 mitgerissen, sondern fließt an der Außenseite der Rohrelemen- te 16 wieder zurück zu den Einlassöffnungen 15 und gelangt damit in die Überströmkanäle 15a. Von dort kann das Öl durch die Strömung des Luft- Kraftstoff- Gemisches jeweils weiter in die Überströmkanäle 15a hineingezogen werden und auch den brennraumnahen Bereich des jeweiligen Überströmkanals 15a an dessen anderem Ende am Auslassquerschnitt 15b erreichen. Auf diese Weise lässt sich eine Verkokung der Überströmkanäle 15a wirksam verhindern. Das Öl soll als Ölfilmbelag auf der Wand transportiert werden. Der gerichtete Luftstrom im Überströmkanal 15a dient hierbei als Antriebsmittel.Part of the oil that exits at the outlet opening 17 is not carried along by the piston 8, but flows on the outside of the pipe elements. te 16 back to the inlet openings 15 and thus reaches the overflow channels 15a. From there, the oil can be drawn further into the overflow channels 15a by the flow of the air / fuel mixture and can also reach the region of the respective overflow channel 15a near the combustion chamber at its other end at the outlet cross section 15b. In this way, coking of the overflow channels 15a can be effectively prevented. The oil should be transported on the wall as an oil film covering. The directed air flow in the overflow channel 15a serves as a drive means.
Alternativ dazu ist es bei einer nicht dargestellten Ausführungsform der Erfindung möglich, das Öl direkt in die Überströmkanäle 15a zu leiten. Diese Olzuführung in die Überströmkanäle 15a kann ergänzend zu der Olzuführung zum Kolben 8 (z. B. mittels zusätzlicher Rohrelemente 16) erfolgen. Die in die Überströmkanäle 15a eingeleitete Ölmenge verteilt sich anschließend in der Zylinderlauffläche und dient somit zur Schmierung der Reibpaarung Kolben, Kolbenringe, Zylinder.Alternatively, in an embodiment of the invention, not shown, it is possible to direct the oil directly into the overflow channels 15a. This oil feed into the overflow channels 15a can be carried out in addition to the oil feed to the piston 8 (eg by means of additional pipe elements 16). The amount of oil introduced into the overflow channels 15a is then distributed in the cylinder running surface and thus serves to lubricate the friction pairing of pistons, piston rings and cylinders.
Bei einer wiederum anderen Ausführungsform ist es möglich, das Öl auch nur ausschließlich in die Überströmkanäle 15a einzuleiten und das Pleuellager 5 sowie die Kolbenbolzenbohrung 7 derart auszugestalten, dass eine Lebensdauerschmierung gewährleistet ist und keine permanenten Olzuführung erfolgen muss. Hierfür eignen sich z.B. an sich bekannte Kohlenstoffbuchsen und -bolzen. Selbstverständlich sollten in diesem Fall auch alle anderen Lagerstellen im Motor lebensdauergeschmiert sein, die einen Dauerbetrieb ohne zusätzliche Ölschmierung ermöglichen. Dann ist eine Olzuführung zum Kolben 8 nicht erforderlich.In yet another embodiment, it is possible to introduce the oil only into the overflow channels 15a and to configure the connecting rod bearing 5 and the piston pin bore 7 in such a way that lifetime lubrication is ensured and no permanent oil supply is required. For this, e.g. carbon bushings and bolts known per se. In this case, of course, all other bearing points in the engine should also be lubricated for life, which enables continuous operation without additional oil lubrication. Then an oil supply to the piston 8 is not necessary.
In praktischen Versuchen hat sich herausgestellt, dass bei einem derartigen Schmierkonzept eine Minimalschmierung möglich ist, wobei das Verhältnis von verbrauchter Ölmenge zu Benzinmenge bei weniger als 1/200, im Besonderen sogar bei weniger als 1/600 liegt. Auch bei einem Öl-Benzinver- hältnis von 1/600 ist ein Dauerbetrieb des Motors (hier: eines Zweitaktmotors) möglich.Practical tests have shown that such a lubrication concept enables minimal lubrication, the ratio of the amount of oil used to the amount of gasoline being less than 1/200, in particular even less than 1/600. Continuous operation of the engine (here: a two-stroke engine) is also possible with an oil / petrol ratio of 1/600.
Die benötigte Ölmenge steht jedoch in keinem festen Verhältnis zur Benzinmenge. Die dosierte Ölmenge kann - wie seit langem bekannt - drehzahlab- hängig oder gemäß den Vorgaben eines Kennlinienfelds gefördert werden. Im Volllastfall wird eine höhere Ölmenge benötigt als im Teillast- oder Leerlauffall. Insbesondere im Leerlauf kann es möglich sein, dass überhaupt kein Öl gefördert werden muss.However, the amount of oil required is not in a fixed ratio to the amount of gasoline. The metered amount of oil can - as has been known for a long time - dependent or according to the specifications of a characteristic field. In the case of full load, a higher amount of oil is required than in the case of partial load or idling. Especially when idling, it may be possible that no oil has to be pumped at all.
Die Ansteuerung der Pumpe und gegebenenfalls ein zugehöriges Kennlinienfeld können in einer Prozessorsteuerung hinterlegt werden, die vorteilhafterweise in einem Zünd- oder Stromversorgungsmodul des Motors integriert ist. The control of the pump and, if applicable, an associated characteristic field can be stored in a processor control, which is advantageously integrated in an ignition or power supply module of the engine.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Ölversorgung für einen Verbrennungsmotor, wobei der Verbrennungsmotor wenigstens einen Zylinder (9) und einen in dem Zylinder (9) hin- und herbeweglichen Kolben (8) mit einem Kolbenboden (12) und einem sich an den Kolbenboden (12) anschließenden Kolbenhemd (13) aufweist, mit einer Olzufuhreinrichtung zum Zuführen von Öl zu dem Kolben (8) , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Olzufuhreinrichtung derart ausgebildet ist, dass wenigstens zu einem Zeitpunkt, zu dem sich der Kolben (8) im Be- reich seines unteren Totpunkts befindet, durch die Olzufuhreinrichtung Öl - in flüssiger Form direkt in einen Bereich unterhalb des Kolbenbodens. (12) und innerhalb des Kolbenhemds (13) ausbringbar ist.1. Oil supply for an internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine having at least one cylinder (9) and a piston (8) which can move back and forth in the cylinder (9) with a piston crown (12) and a piston skirt (12) adjoining the piston crown (12) 13), with an oil supply device for supplying oil to the piston (8), characterized in that the oil supply device is designed such that at least at a point in time at which the piston (8) is in the region of its bottom dead center , through the oil supply device oil - in liquid form directly into an area below the piston crown. (12) and can be deployed within the piston skirt (13).
2. Ölversorgung nach Anspruch 1 , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Öl weitgehend drucklos zuführbar ist.2. Oil supply according to claim 1, characterized in that the oil can be supplied largely without pressure.
3. Ölversorgung nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Olzufuhreinrichtung wenigstens ein Rohrelement (16) aufweist, das von einer Zylinderwand oder einer sich an die Zylinderwand ans chließ enden Kurbelraumwand in einen Bereich unterhalb des Kolbenbodens (12) ragt, wobei das Öl durch das Innere des Rohrelements (16) zuführbar ist.3. Oil supply according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the oil supply device has at least one tubular element (16) which projects from a cylinder wall or a cylinder wall to the closing crank chamber wall into an area below the piston head (12), the Oil can be supplied through the interior of the tubular element (16).
4. Ölversorgung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge des Rohrelements (16) derart bemessen ist, dass der Kolben (8) bei Erreichen seines unteren Totpunkts eine Auslassöffnung (17) des Rohrelements (16) gerade eben nicht berührt.4. Oil supply according to claim 3, characterized in that the length of the tubular element (16) is dimensioned such that the piston (8) does not just touch an outlet opening (17) of the tubular element (16) when it reaches its bottom dead center.
5. Ölversorgung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Länge des Rohrelements (16) derart bemessen ist, dass ein an einer Auslas- söffnung (17) des Rohrelements (16) austretender Oltropfen durch einen Teil des Kolbens (8) gerade eben berührt wird.5. Oil supply according to claim 3, characterized in that the length of the tubular element (16) is dimensioned such that an oil drop emerging at an outlet opening (17) of the tubular element (16) just touches through a part of the piston (8) becomes.
6. Ölversorgung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohrelement (16) in einen Bereich direkt unterhalb oder innerhalb des Kolbenhemds (13) hineinragt, wenn sich der Kolben (8) in seinem unteren Totpunkt befindet. 6. Oil supply according to one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the tubular element (16) protrudes into an area directly below or inside the piston skirt (13) when the piston (8) is at its bottom dead center.
7. Ölversorgung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohrelement (16) in einem Bereich nahe eines den Kolben (8) mit einer Pleuelstange (4) verbindenden Kolbenbolzens (6) endet, wenn sich der Kolben (8) in seinem unteren Totpunkt befindet.7. Oil supply according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the tubular element (16) ends in a region near a piston pin (6) connecting the piston (8) with a connecting rod (4) when the piston (8) is at its bottom dead center.
8. Ölversorgung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Rohrelement (16), bezogen auf eine normale Betriebs Stellung des Verbrennungsmotors, nach oben gerichtet ist, und dass Öl nach oben ausgelassen wird.8. Oil supply according to one of claims 3 to 7, characterized in that the tubular element (16), based on a normal operating position of the internal combustion engine, is directed upwards and that oil is discharged upwards.
9. Ölversorgung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Olzufuhreinrichtung eine Ölpumpe aufweist, die in Abhängigkeit von Drehzahl oder Lastzustand des Verbrennungsmotors ansteuerbar ist.9. Oil supply according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the oil supply device has an oil pump which can be controlled as a function of speed or load condition of the internal combustion engine.
10. Ölversorgung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Olzuführung eine Ölpumpe aufweist, die das Öl nur zu den Zeitpunkten fördert, zu denen sich der Kolben (8) im Bereich seines unteren Totpunkts befindet.10. Oil supply according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the oil supply has an oil pump which delivers the oil only at the times when the piston (8) is in the region of its bottom dead center.
11. Ölversorgung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kolben (8) eine Kolbenlauffläche (10) und/oder der Zylinder (9) eine Zylinderlauffläche aufweist, die mit einer Notlauf- oder/und Öldepotschicht ausgestattet ist.11. Oil supply according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the piston (8) has a piston running surface (10) and / or the cylinder (9) has a cylinder running surface which is equipped with an emergency running and / or oil depot layer.
12. Ölversorgung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Verbrennungsmotor ein Zweitaktmotor ist, das Rohrelement (16) die Kurbelraumwand in einer Einlas s Öffnung (15) eines Überströmkanals durchdringt, das Rohrelement (16) derart in den Kurbelraum (3) nach oben gerichtet hineinragt, dass wenigstens ein Teil des Öls, das durch das Innere des Rohrelements (16) gefördert wird, nach Austreten an einer Auslassöffnung (17) des Rohrelements (16) an der Außenseite des Rohrelements (16) zur Einlassöffnung des Überströmkanals (15) zurückfließt.12. Oil supply according to one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that the internal combustion engine is a two-stroke engine, the tubular element (16) penetrates the crank chamber wall in an inlet opening (15) of an overflow channel, the tubular element (16) in the crank chamber ( 3) protrudes upwards that at least a part of the oil which is conveyed through the interior of the tubular element (16), after exiting at an outlet opening (17) of the tubular element (16) on the outside of the tubular element (16) to the inlet opening of the Overflow channel (15) flows back.
13. Ölversorgung für einen Zweitaktmotor, wobei der Zweitaktmotor we- nigstens einen Zylinder (9) und einen in dem Zylinder (9) hin- und herbeweglichen Kolben (8) sowie wenigstens einen Überströmkanal zum Führen einer Verbrennungsluft oder eines Luft-Kraftstoff- Gemisches von einem Kurbelraum (3) zu einem Brennraum (11) aufweist, mit einer Ölzuführein- richtung zum Zuführen von Öl, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass durch die13. Oil supply for a two-stroke engine, the two-stroke engine being at least one cylinder (9) and one in the cylinder (9) reciprocating piston (8) and at least one overflow channel for guiding combustion air or an air-fuel mixture from a crank chamber (3) to a combustion chamber (11) , with an oil supply device for supplying oil, characterized in that by the
Olzufuhreinrichtung Öl gezielt in einen Bereich einer Einlassöffnung (15) des Überströmkanals oder in den Überströmkanal selbst ausbringbar ist. Oil supply device oil can be brought out specifically into an area of an inlet opening (15) of the overflow channel or into the overflow channel itself.
EP05741726A 2004-04-22 2005-04-20 Oil supply for an internal combustion engine Not-in-force EP1738062B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004019630A DE102004019630A1 (en) 2004-04-22 2004-04-22 Oil supply for an internal combustion engine
PCT/EP2005/004245 WO2005103456A2 (en) 2004-04-22 2005-04-20 Oil supply for an internal combustion engine

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EP1738062A2 true EP1738062A2 (en) 2007-01-03
EP1738062B1 EP1738062B1 (en) 2009-08-05

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EP (1) EP1738062B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4723566B2 (en)
CN (1) CN101023246B (en)
AT (1) ATE438790T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102004019630A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2328592T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2005103456A2 (en)

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WO2005103456A2 (en) 2005-11-03
EP1738062B1 (en) 2009-08-05
CN101023246B (en) 2012-01-11
DE102004019630A1 (en) 2005-11-17
CN101023246A (en) 2007-08-22
US7753024B2 (en) 2010-07-13
JP4723566B2 (en) 2011-07-13
WO2005103456A3 (en) 2006-03-23
JP2007533907A (en) 2007-11-22
ES2328592T3 (en) 2009-11-16
DE502005007849D1 (en) 2009-09-17
US20080035101A1 (en) 2008-02-14
ATE438790T1 (en) 2009-08-15

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