EP1730766B1 - Electrode system for a high-pressure discharge lamp - Google Patents

Electrode system for a high-pressure discharge lamp Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1730766B1
EP1730766B1 EP04802774A EP04802774A EP1730766B1 EP 1730766 B1 EP1730766 B1 EP 1730766B1 EP 04802774 A EP04802774 A EP 04802774A EP 04802774 A EP04802774 A EP 04802774A EP 1730766 B1 EP1730766 B1 EP 1730766B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
winding
electrode system
filament
shank
diameter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP04802774A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1730766A2 (en
Inventor
Anton Dambacher
Helmut Davideit
Klaus Meyer
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Osram GmbH
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Osram GmbH
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Priority claimed from DE102004012242A external-priority patent/DE102004012242A1/en
Application filed by Osram GmbH filed Critical Osram GmbH
Publication of EP1730766A2 publication Critical patent/EP1730766A2/en
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Publication of EP1730766B1 publication Critical patent/EP1730766B1/en
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/82—Lamps with high-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure > 400 Torr
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
    • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
    • H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
    • H01J61/0732—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
    • H01J61/02—Details
    • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
    • H01J61/366—Seals for leading-in conductors

Definitions

  • the invention is based on an electrode system for a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps which contain mercury and / or sodium.
  • One field of application are, for example, metal halide lamps, another in particular high-pressure sodium lamps.
  • the implementation is more massive than the shaft and accordingly, the winding of significantly thicker wire than the helix.
  • Common electrode systems for low wattages to about 100 W are often in three parts, the implementation is designed in two parts with a connector to the electrode shaft of molybdenum pin and a niobium pin as the tail.
  • Higher Watt lamps are often three or four parts, they use as a connector usually a pin-shaped cermet.
  • Another object is to provide a lamp with such an electrode system.
  • a rigid connection between helix and winding is produced, which improves the quality and leads to better reproducible results in the behavior of the lamp.
  • Such a link has not yet been considered because of the completely different requirement profiles for helix and winding.
  • the electrode system does not matter how exactly the electrode system is constructed.
  • it consists at least of an electrode shaft with a head which is designed as a helix, and a connection part. At least on a part of the connection part, an enveloping winding is applied.
  • connection part may on the one hand be integrally connected to the electrode shaft.
  • the integral part usually consists of a pin, which is made of tungsten.
  • connection part can also be a separate part. In this case it is often structurally associated with a part of the bushing which is attached to the connecting part. Common are connecting parts made of molybdenum, tungsten or cermet. In this case, the diameter of the connection part is often noticeable (up to 150%) or even significantly (up to 400%) larger than the diameter of the electrode shaft.
  • the concept according to the invention can take account of the fact that, with a very large difference in the diameter of the helix and the winding, these two parts are made of separate workpieces which are connected to one another.
  • a typical rigid connection can be achieved, for example, by welding, soldering or entangling.
  • coil and winding are connected to one another via a so-called winding interruption.
  • This embodiment develops particular advantages when the diameter of the electrode shaft and connecting part are not chosen too different and do not differ from each other by more than 50%, in particular even being equal to 20%.
  • coil and winding can be made in one piece from a wire.
  • This technique has the advantage that coil and winding are applied directly to the electrode system in one operation, and not separately manufactured as usual and then laboriously must be applied separately.
  • this new technique represents a quantum leap in cost reduction and quality improvement for electrode systems and high pressure discharge lamps made therewith.
  • the invention enables the experts to simplify and reduce the cost of producing ceramic discharge vessels equipped with electrodes. In particular, the development of lamps with low power is in the spotlight. Because the simple and reliable manufacturing method allows for the first time small tolerances in the production, especially of small wattages in the range of 20 to 75 W.
  • connection part often also consists of an electrically conductive cermet consisting of molybdenum and Al 2 O 3 with approximately equal proportions, as is known per se. This embodiment is more common for smaller wattages up to 150W.
  • the winding on the connecting part can be modified by a further winding. This further winding may have approximately the same properties as the first winding and a complementary second layer of the same material on the first winding form, or also consist of other material, or be designed for better stabilization as Umspinnungsdraht on the actual winding.
  • Another embodiment for higher wattages uses a four-part electrode system, wherein between connecting part, often made of molybdenum, and tail, often made of niobium, an intermediate piece, usually a cermet, is introduced.
  • the various components of the electrode system which is usually two to four parts, welded or soldered or mechanically connected, for example by crimping or plugging.
  • the electrode system according to the invention is used in ceramic discharge vessels for high-pressure discharge lamps. It does not matter whether the discharge vessel is closed on one or two sides.
  • the electrode is held in the discharge vessel via its shaft, for example through a passage which is part of or attached to the shaft, this passage being sealed in a ceramic capillary, as known per se.
  • the helix on the electrode shank can be flush with the shank, or even project or reset.
  • Starting material is for example an endless winding containing winding sections and interruptions of the winding.
  • a first winding section can form the helix ( W ), forming an adjacent, second winding section spaced apart from a so-called interruption ( U ), the winding ( W ).
  • WUW- Gewickel of any length, in particular with any length of the wound segments and the interruptions, can be produced and used.
  • a typical lamp with at least one electrode system has at least one discharge vessel containing metal vapor, in particular mercury and / or sodium, wherein the discharge vessel is made of ceramic.
  • the discharge vessel is made of ceramic.
  • it is relatively low-wattage lamps with a power of 20 to 400 W.
  • the preferred manufacturing method for producing an electrode system may also be modified in that instead of a continuous core pin, which solves the task of the shaft and the connection part in one, a core pin is used, which is composed of two parts with different diameters.
  • the cutting of the endless wound into sections is preferably carried out by wire eroding or by using laser pulses.
  • Such a coil has good dimensional stability.
  • the helix can not slip anymore.
  • a flush finish of the helix at the core pin is preserved.
  • a drop of the coil under heavy load is now excluded.
  • a cost-effective three-piece design is now possible instead of a complex four-part design, as a front piece can be tailored in length, which also allows the welding node to be moved out of the hot zone.
  • Another advantage is that in cooler regions the better adapted cermet can be used.
  • a three-piece design was not possible with large wattages, because on the one hand a cermet material is not sufficiently heat-stable and, conversely, an extension of the core pin into the passage is prohibited because of the large dead volume in the capillary resulting from this measure.
  • no molybdenum pin can be used, because then the seal does not work properly. A large pin of molybdenum is too little adapted in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic of the capillary.
  • the new manufacturing process for an electrode system with helix and winding makes the production much easier and less expensive and facilitates automation.
  • the new electrode is very well suited for laser production.
  • an Nd-YAG laser is used for this work.
  • the laser can be used as a cutting tool or for material processing, especially the removal.
  • a particularly straight, burr-free cut is achieved
  • a protruding core pin can be achieved at the tip of the electrode in a simple non-contact manner.
  • Another field of application of the laser is that the cross-sectional area of the spacer can thus be elegantly reduced locally.
  • This partial ablation serves to reduce the heat flow between coil and winding.
  • both the height and the width of the wire can be reduced.
  • the height is reduced, because thus at this point the outer diameter can be reduced.
  • the distance to the capillary of a ceramic discharge vessel is thereby increased, which reduces the risk of cracks.
  • Another application is to reduce the thickness of the winding by subsequently the last turns are reduced in height. advantageous In the end, the weldability is improved and the embedment in the ceramic, which surrounds the terminal pin, succeeds better.
  • Typical is a height reduction of 30 to 65%. This is especially important for small wattages up to 100 W.
  • connection part can be provided separately and possibly postponed later. But it can also be made directly from the wire of the integral. It can be single-layer or double-layered and realized as a single or double wrapping. Another possibility is a single-layer wrapping wrap.
  • FIG. 1 schematically shows as a section of a metal halide lamp 1 with two-sided closed ceramic discharge vessel 2 with a power of 150 W.
  • the electrodes 3 consist of pins 4, which have constant diameter as the electrode shaft. It is about 500 microns.
  • a coil 5 of 180 ⁇ m in diameter is mounted on the shaft 4.
  • a metal halide is filled in the discharge vessel 2, a metal halide is filled.
  • the ends 6 of the discharge vessel are closed by capillaries 7, which tightly enclose a two-part bushing 8, 9, consisting of an inner connecting part 8 and an outer end piece 9.
  • the end piece 9 is a niobium pin.
  • Fig. 2 shows in detail one end of the discharge vessel 2.
  • the end piece 9 is sealed by means of glass solder 10 in the capillary 7.
  • the connecting part 8 is made of molybdenum. It is a pin (hidden), which is surrounded by a winding 11 made of molybdenum.
  • the diameter of the connecting part 8 is considerably larger than that of the core pin 4 acting as shaft of the electrode.
  • the helix 5 serving as the electrode head on the shank is connected to the winding 11 via an interruption 12 comprising one or more windings. The number of turns is preferably one to three.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows another embodiment of an electrode system 13 for the lamp of FIG. 1 in detail. It consists of a continuous pin 4, which simultaneously performs the task of the shaft and the connecting part.
  • a coil 5 is applied, which comprises about 6 turns of a wire and is cut flush.
  • a winding 11 of the same wire which consists of tungsten, is applied. It comprises about 30 turns.
  • Coil 5 and winding 11 are integrally manufactured and connected via an interruption 12, which comprises a winding. The distance between helix and winding corresponds approximately to three times the length of the helix. 5
  • the distance between filament and winding preferably increases with the wattage.
  • the electrode system 13 is similar to FIG. 3 built up.
  • coil 5 and coil 11 are not integral but separate.
  • the winding 11 is made of molybdenum, since this is best suited for adaptation to the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic of the capillary 7.
  • Such electrode systems must not be overly stressed because of the relatively low melting point of molybdenum. In other words, these systems are well suited for powers up to 100 W, but only to a limited extent.
  • Other suitable materials for the electrode system are tungsten, tantalum and rhenium, alone or in combination. Possibly. one material serves as a coating on the other.
  • the wire diameter of the winding 11 is significantly smaller than that of the helix 5 in order to keep the dead volume as small as possible.
  • the coil and the winding are connected to each other via a welding point S at the end of the interruption.
  • the electrode system 13 is completed by the fact that the end piece 9 of the niobium leadthrough of significantly larger diameter is welded onto the connection part 8.
  • the outer diameter of the winding and the diameter of the Niobstifts are about the same size.
  • the solution to the problem of thermal matching is to fabricate the winding from a suitable combination of materials. This is especially true for heavily loaded lamps.
  • an electrode system 13 is shown in section, in which the problem of adjusting the coefficient of thermal expansion compared to the material of the capillary is solved by acting on the actual winding 11, which consists of tungsten and as in FIG. 3 integral with the coil, a second coil 26 is applied which consists of molybdenum.
  • the coil 14 is usually made because of the minimization of the dead volume of thinner wire, usually 20 to 50% thinner.
  • FIG. 6 For example, a portion of an electrode system that uses a standard component as a front piece 20 at the discharge exposed end of the electrode system is shown. It consists of a core wire 21, which forms the shaft and the adjoining first portion of the connecting part.
  • the coil 22 is mounted on the first end of the shaft, in particular so that the coil 22 is flush with the shaft.
  • the winding 23, which has the same length as the coil 22, is also mounted flush with the second end of the shaft with an interruption 24 therebetween. Due to the same length of coil 22 and winding 23, the component is symmetrical, which greatly simplifies the use in manufacturing, because due to the symmetry does not have to be paid to the orientation of the component during installation. In other words, coil and winding are here designed as similar parts that can be interchanged.
  • FIG. 7 It is shown how the front piece 20 is attached to other components of the implementation.
  • the front piece 20 with a middle part or intermediate piece 25 made of cermet, which is wrapped with a separate winding 26, welded.
  • the end piece 27 made of niobium, also via welding. The classical boundaries between electrode and bushing are thus removed in favor of constructive advantages.
  • the particular advantage of this arrangement is that here the outer diameter of the winding 23 and the separate coil 26 of the central part 25 need not be the same size, since the front piece 20 can be optimized in terms of geometry and material to the needs of the coil 22, while the middle part 25th can be optimized for an enveloping and sealing effect in the capillary.
  • FIG. 8a and 8b an electrode system 30 is shown in which the advantages of a fixed distance between coil 35 and winding 39 are demonstrated.
  • the front piece 31 is novel according to FIG. 8a designed.
  • connector 32 and tail 33 may be conventional, so for example, by a molybdenum-wound 39 on a molybdenum pin 34 a (dashed) is applied and with an end piece 33, a pin of niobium, welded.
  • a front piece 31 is used, according to Fig. 8a consists of a shaft 34 made of tungsten, on which a filament 35 of tungsten is applied.
  • an interruption 36 is still wound on the shaft 34, which extends to the rear end 37 of the shaft.
  • This front piece 31 can be welded to the conventional connection part 32.
  • the highly schematically illustrated welding connection point 38 connects not only the core pins 34 and 34a, but also the interruption 36 with the winding 39. Again, geometry and materials can be optimized due to the decoupling between the front piece and middle part to the specific requirements.
  • FIG. 9 an electrode system 13 is shown, in which the assembly has a core pin 4 as a shaft and integral connection part. While the coil 5 is seated at the discharge end of the shaft 4 as usual, the coil 11 is longer than the connector 4 'hidden therein so that the end piece can be inserted into the cavity 15 at the rear end of the connector and then crimped. This can be dispensed with a welding process.
  • FIG. 10 is an alternative to FIG. 9 shown in the only difference at the rear end of the connecting part 4 'is an additional interruption 16 is set, without a core pin.
  • the tail is inserted into the cavity 15 and crimped by interruption 16.
  • FIG. 11 is an electrode system 13 shown with a three-part design: an asymmetrical front piece 17 with a continuous core pin 4, the shaft and forms the first part of the connection part. On it sits a short coil 18 and a long winding 19. This is a cermet pin 28 welded to surrounding Molybdnatureewickel, this in turn, an end piece 9 is welded. The welding point is designated in each case by 38.
  • FIG. 12 a front piece 17 is shown, in which the interruption 40 is two turns long.
  • the ratio between the outer diameter of the coil 14 and the outer diameter of the winding 29 is 1: 3.
  • a suitably sized centerpiece can be fitted.
  • a concrete example of a dimension is a 70 W lamp in which the shaft 21 has a diameter of 250 ⁇ m and the wire wound thereon for coil and winding has a diameter of 150 ⁇ m.
  • a symmetrical front piece made of it (see FIG. 6 and 7 ) has a length of the coil 22 of 1.1 mm, a length of the interruption 24 (1 turn) of 1.8 mm and a length of the winding 23 of again 1.1 mm.
  • An attached central part 25, which is wrapped with molybdenum wire 26, has a length of 8.5 mm with a core pin of 400 microns in diameter and a winding wire of 140 microns in diameter.
  • An attached end piece 27 made of niobium has a length of 16.8 mm and consists of a niobium pin with 730 microns in diameter.
  • the dimensioning of a 35 W lamp provides: the niobium pin 27 has a diameter of 610 microns; the center molybdenum core pin 25 has a diameter of 300 ⁇ m and is wrapped by a molybdenum wire 26 of 130 ⁇ m in diameter; the core pin 21, which acts as a continuous part for the electrode shaft and the connection part, has a diameter of 154 ⁇ m; on him a coil 22, interruption 24 and winding 23 is wound from a wire of 122 microns in diameter.
  • the dimensioning of a 150 W lamp provides: the niobium pin 27 has a diameter of 880 microns; the center molybdenum core pin 25 has a diameter of 540 ⁇ m and is wrapped by a molybdenum wire 26 of 150 ⁇ m in diameter; the core pin 21, which acts as a continuous part for the electrode shaft and the connection part, has a diameter of 500 ⁇ m; on him a coil 22, interruption 24 and winding 23 is wound from a wire of 180 microns in diameter.
  • the diameter DA of the connecting part can be between 50 and 400% of the diameter DS of the shaft.
  • separate filament and winding can be rigidly connected to each other by either the end of the interruption to the beginning of the winding or the coil is welded. while the interruption is either attached to the winding or coil integral.
  • the interruption may also be separate from filament and winding and then requires two welds. Instead of welding or soldering etc., a purely mechanically rigid connection is possible, for example by threading the interruption in the u.U. bent end of the coil or winding similar to the techniques known for halogen incandescent lamps.
  • the interruption can also be formed as a straight spacer 41, which is used for example via welds 42 between coil 5 and winding 11, see FIG. 13 ,
  • FIG. 14 an embodiment is shown in which the core wire 21 is wound by an interruption 24, which is partly an intact wire portion 24u and partly a wire portion 24r, wherein the diameter is removed to about 60%, which can be most easily realized by means of laser processing. In this way the heat flow from the head of the electrode to the back is suppressed.
  • FIG. 15 shown, in principle, the representation of FIG. 9 shows, but with the difference that here the interruption is evenly constricted laterally (41) or is constricted on one side (42). Both can be produced again by means of laser, but also mechanically.
  • FIG. 16 it is shown that a terminal part 45 of the winding 11, which is thus located at the discharge-distal end, may have a reduced diameter in order to optimize the region of the winding which comes into contact with the ceramic or glass solder 10; see for a better understanding FIG. 2 ,
  • the pin 4 and the interruption 12 and the coil 5 correspond to the in FIG. 2 shown arrangement. Again, the removal of the height in part 45 is best done with the laser.

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Description

Technisches GebietTechnical area

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Elektrodensystem für eine Hochdruckenttadungslampe gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Es handelt sich dabei insbesondere um Elektroden für Hochdruckentladungslampen, die Quecksilber und/oder Natrium enthalten. Ein Anwendungsgebiet sind beispielsweise Metallhalogenidlampen, ein weiteres insbesondere Natriumhochdrucklampen.The invention is based on an electrode system for a high-pressure discharge lamp according to the preamble of claim 1. These are, in particular, electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps which contain mercury and / or sodium. One field of application are, for example, metal halide lamps, another in particular high-pressure sodium lamps.

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Aus der EP 587 238 und WO 95/28732 ist bereits ein Elektrodensystem für eine Hochdruckentladungslampe bekannt, bei dem eine Elektrode und eine Durchführung verwendet werden, wobei auf dem Elektrodenschaft eine Wendel angebracht ist. Gleichzeitig ist auf der Durchführung eine umhüllende Wicklung angebracht. Sie dient teils der Verbesserung der Abdichtung und dem Schutz vor Korrosion, insbesondere aber bei keramischen Entladungsgefäßen füllt die Wendel das Totvolumen in der Kapillare; außerdem passt der thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizient des üblicherweise verwendeten Molybdäns besser zu Al2O3. Häufig besteht die Wendel aus Wolfram, um die hohen Temperaturen in Entladungsnähe auszuhalten. Bei der Wicklung kommt es eher auf Verträglichkeit mit dem Glaslot an, so dass hier meist ein Molybdändraht verwendet wir. Im allgemeinen ist die Durchführung massiver als der Schaft und entsprechend ist die Wicklung aus deutlich dickerem Draht als die Wendel. Übliche Elektrodensysteme für niedrige Wattagen bis etwa 100 W sind häufig dreiteilig, wobei die Durchführung zweiteilig mit einem Anschlussteil zum Elektrodenschaft aus Molybdänstift und einem Niobstift als Endstück gestaltet ist.From the EP 587,238 and WO 95/28732 An electrode system for a high-pressure discharge lamp is already known in which an electrode and a leadthrough are used, wherein a coil is mounted on the electrode shaft. At the same time an enveloping winding is mounted on the implementation. It serves partly to improve the sealing and the protection against corrosion, but especially in the case of ceramic discharge vessels, the helix fills the dead volume in the capillary; In addition, the coefficient of thermal expansion of the commonly used molybdenum better fits Al2O3. Often, the helix is made of tungsten to withstand the high temperatures near the discharge. When winding it is more likely to be compatible with the glass solder, so that here is usually a molybdenum wire we used. In general, the implementation is more massive than the shaft and accordingly, the winding of significantly thicker wire than the helix. Common electrode systems for low wattages to about 100 W are often in three parts, the implementation is designed in two parts with a connector to the electrode shaft of molybdenum pin and a niobium pin as the tail.

Höherwattige Lampen sind häufig drei- oder vierteilig, sie verwenden als Anschlussteil meist ein stiftförmiges Cermetteil.Higher Watt lamps are often three or four parts, they use as a connector usually a pin-shaped cermet.

Aus er DE-A 29 51 966 ist ein Elektrodensystem für eine Hochdruckentladungslampe mit Quarzkolben bekannt, bei dem der Schaft eine Verdickung besitzt, wobei ein Wendelteil darüber geführt ist.Out of he DE-A 29 51 966 An electrode system for a high-pressure discharge lamp with quartz piston is known, in which the shaft has a thickening, with a helical part being guided over it.

Aus der JP-A 2000-100386 ist ein Elektrodensystem bekannt, bei dem eine Wendel und eine Wicklung separat auf einen Schaft aufgebracht sind.From the JP-A 2000-100386 An electrode system is known in which a coil and a winding are applied separately to a shaft.

Aus der US 4 724 358 ist eine Elektrode bekannt, bei der am Kopf eine Wendel aufgeschoben ist, die einen separaten Kernstift aufweist.From the US 4,724,358 an electrode is known in which a helix is pushed on the head, which has a separate core pin.

Darstellung der ErfindungPresentation of the invention

Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, ein Elektrodensystem gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bereitzustellen, mit dem die Betriebseigenschaften von Hochdruckentladungslampen verbessert werden und insbesondere auch bessere Lichtstrom- und Maintenance-Eigenschaften erzielt werden.It is an object of the present invention to provide an electrode system according to the preamble of claim 1, with which the operating characteristics of high-pressure discharge lamps are improved and in particular also better luminous flux and maintenance properties are achieved.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen finden sich in den abhängigen Ansprüchen.This object is solved by the characterizing features of claim 1. Particularly advantageous embodiments can be found in the dependent claims.

Eine weitere Aufgabe ist die Bereitstellung einer Lampe mit einem derartigen Elektrodensystem.Another object is to provide a lamp with such an electrode system.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 18 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of claim 18.

Erfindungsgemäß wird eine starre Verbindung zwischen Wendel und Wicklung hergestellt, die die Qualität verbessert und zu besser reproduzierbaren Ergebnissen im Verhalten der Lampe führt. Es besteht dadurch eine feste Abstandsbeziehung zwischen Wendel und Wicklung, so dass die ohnehin erforderliche exakte Justierung der Wicklung automatisch eine exakte Justierung der Wendel nach sich zieht. Eine derartige Verknüpfung wurde aufgrund der an sich völlig unterschiedlichen Anforderungsprofile für Wendel und Wicklung bisher nicht in Betracht gezogen.According to the invention, a rigid connection between helix and winding is produced, which improves the quality and leads to better reproducible results in the behavior of the lamp. There is thus a fixed distance relationship between helix and winding, so that the required anyway exact adjustment of the winding automatically draws an exact adjustment of the coil by itself. Such a link has not yet been considered because of the completely different requirement profiles for helix and winding.

Für das Grundprinzip der Erfindung spielt es dabei keine Rolle, wie das Elektrodensystem genau aufgebaut ist. Im allgemeinen besteht es zumindest aus einem Elektrodenschaft mit einem Kopf, der als Wendel gestaltet ist, und einem Anschlussteil. Zumindest auf einem Teil des Anschlussteils ist eine umhüllende Wicklung aufgebracht.For the basic principle of the invention, it does not matter how exactly the electrode system is constructed. In general, it consists at least of an electrode shaft with a head which is designed as a helix, and a connection part. At least on a part of the connection part, an enveloping winding is applied.

Das Anschlussteil kann einerseits integral mit dem Elektrodenschaft verbunden sein. Dabei besteht das integrale Teil meist aus einem Stift, der aus Wolfram gefertigt ist.The connection part may on the one hand be integrally connected to the electrode shaft. The integral part usually consists of a pin, which is made of tungsten.

Das Anschlussteil kann jedoch auch ein separates Teil sein. In diesem Fall ist es häufig baulich vereinigt mit einem Teil der Durchführung, die an das Anschlussteil angesetzt ist. Üblich sind Anschlussteile aus Molybdän, Wolfram oder Cermet. In diesem Fall ist der Durchmesser des Anschlussteils häufig merklich (bis 150 %) oder sogar erheblich (bis 400%) größer als der Durchmesser des Elektrodenschafts. Das erfindungsgemäße Konzept kann dem dadurch Rechnung tragen, dass bei sehr großem Unterschied im Durchmesser der Wendel und der Wicklung diese beiden Teile aus separaten Werkstücken gefertigt sind, die miteinander verbunden sind. Eine typische starre Verbindung lässt sich beispielsweise durch Schweißen, Löten oder Verwickeln erzielen.However, the connection part can also be a separate part. In this case it is often structurally associated with a part of the bushing which is attached to the connecting part. Common are connecting parts made of molybdenum, tungsten or cermet. In this case, the diameter of the connection part is often noticeable (up to 150%) or even significantly (up to 400%) larger than the diameter of the electrode shaft. The concept according to the invention can take account of the fact that, with a very large difference in the diameter of the helix and the winding, these two parts are made of separate workpieces which are connected to one another. A typical rigid connection can be achieved, for example, by welding, soldering or entangling.

In einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung sind Wendel und Wicklung über eine sog. Wicklungsunterbrechung miteinander verbunden. Besondere Vorteile entfaltet diese Ausführungsform dann, wenn der Durchmesser von Elektrodenschaft und Anschlussteil nicht allzu verschieden gewählt werden und sich nicht mehr als 50 % voneinander unterscheiden, insbesondere sogar bis auf 20 % gleich sind. In diesem Fall kann Wendel und Wicklung einstückig aus einem Draht gefertigt werden. Diese Technik hat den Vorteil, dass Wendel und Wicklung in einem Arbeitsvorgang direkt auf das Elektrodensystem aufgebracht werden, und nicht wie bisher üblich separat gefertigt und dann noch mühsam separat aufgebracht werden müssen. Somit stellt diese neue Technik einen Quantensprung in der Kostenreduzierung und Qualitätsverbesserung für Elektrodensysteme und damit hergestellte Hochdruckentladungslampen dar.In one embodiment of the invention, coil and winding are connected to one another via a so-called winding interruption. This embodiment develops particular advantages when the diameter of the electrode shaft and connecting part are not chosen too different and do not differ from each other by more than 50%, in particular even being equal to 20%. In this case, coil and winding can be made in one piece from a wire. This technique has the advantage that coil and winding are applied directly to the electrode system in one operation, and not separately manufactured as usual and then laboriously must be applied separately. Thus, this new technique represents a quantum leap in cost reduction and quality improvement for electrode systems and high pressure discharge lamps made therewith.

Die Erfindung versetzt die Fachwelt in die Lage, die Herstellung von mit Elektroden bestückten keramischen Entladungsgefäßen zu vereinfachen und zu verbilligen. Dabei steht insbesondere auch die Entwicklung von Lampen mit kleiner Leistung im Blickpunkt. Denn das einfache und zuverlässige Fertigungsverfahren ermöglicht erstmals geringe Toleranzen in der Fertigung, insbesondere von kleinen Wattagen im Bereich von 20 bis 75 W.The invention enables the experts to simplify and reduce the cost of producing ceramic discharge vessels equipped with electrodes. In particular, the development of lamps with low power is in the spotlight. Because the simple and reliable manufacturing method allows for the first time small tolerances in the production, especially of small wattages in the range of 20 to 75 W.

Übliche Elektrodensysteme sind dreiteilig und bestehen aus einem Elektrodenschaft aus Wolfram und einer zweiteiligen Durchführung mit einem Anschlussteil aus Molybdän, auf das die Wicklung aufgebracht ist und einem Endstück aus Niob. Das Anschlussteil besteht häufig auch aus einem elektrisch leitenden Cermet, bestehend aus Molybdän und Al2O3 mit in etwa gleichen Anteilen, wie an sich bekannt. Diese Ausführungsform ist eher für kleinere Wattagen bis 150 W üblich. Die Wicklung auf dem Anschlussteil kann durch eine weitere Wicklung modifiziert sein. Diese weitere Wicklung kann in etwa gleiche Eigenschaften wie die erste Wicklung haben und eine ergänzende zweite Lage aus dem gleichen Material auf der ersten Wicklung bilden, oder auch aus anderem Material bestehen, oder zur besseren Stabilisierung als Umspinnungsdraht auf der eigentlichen Wicklung ausgeführt sein.Conventional electrode systems are in three parts and consist of an electrode shaft made of tungsten and a two-part bushing with a molybdenum connector, to which the winding is applied, and a niobium end piece. The connection part often also consists of an electrically conductive cermet consisting of molybdenum and Al 2 O 3 with approximately equal proportions, as is known per se. This embodiment is more common for smaller wattages up to 150W. The winding on the connecting part can be modified by a further winding. This further winding may have approximately the same properties as the first winding and a complementary second layer of the same material on the first winding form, or also consist of other material, or be designed for better stabilization as Umspinnungsdraht on the actual winding.

Eine weitere Ausführungsform für höhere Wattagen (150 bis 400 W) verwendet ein vierteiliges Elektrodensystem, wobei zwischen Anschlussteil, häufig aus Molybdän, und Endstück, häufig aus Niob, ein Zwischenstück, meist ein Cermet, eingebracht ist.Another embodiment for higher wattages (150 to 400 W) uses a four-part electrode system, wherein between connecting part, often made of molybdenum, and tail, often made of niobium, an intermediate piece, usually a cermet, is introduced.

Im allgemeinen werden die verschiedenen Bestandteile des Elektrodensystems, das üblicherweise zwei- bis vierteilig ist, verschweißt oder verlötet oder mechanisch verbunden, beispielsweise durch Crimpen oder Stecken.In general, the various components of the electrode system, which is usually two to four parts, welded or soldered or mechanically connected, for example by crimping or plugging.

Das erfindungsgemäße Elektrodensystem findet in keramischen Entladungsgefäßen für Hochdruckentladungslampen Verwendung. Dabei spielt es keine Rolle, ob das Entladungsgefäß einseitig oder zweiseitig verschlossen ist. Die Elektrode wird im Entladungsgefäß über ihren Schaft gehaltert, beispielsweise durch eine Durchführung, die Teil des Schaftes ist oder daran angesetzt ist, wobei diese Durchführung in einer keramischen Kapillare abgedichtet ist, wie an sich bekannt.The electrode system according to the invention is used in ceramic discharge vessels for high-pressure discharge lamps. It does not matter whether the discharge vessel is closed on one or two sides. The electrode is held in the discharge vessel via its shaft, for example through a passage which is part of or attached to the shaft, this passage being sealed in a ceramic capillary, as known per se.

Die Wendel auf dem Elektrodenschaft kann bündig mit dem Schaft abschließen, oder auch vorstehen oder zurückgesetzt sein.The helix on the electrode shank can be flush with the shank, or even project or reset.

Damit ist eine besonders einfache Fertigung der Elektrode möglich. Ausgangsmaterial ist beispielsweise ein Endlosgewickel, das Wickelabschnitte und Unterbrechungen der Wicklung enthält. Ein erster Wickelabschnitt kann die Wendel (W) bilden, ein benachbarter, über eine sog. Unterbrechung (U) beabstandeter zweiter Wickelabschnitt die Wicklung (W) bilden. Im Prinzip ist ein derartiges sog. WUW-Gewickel mit beliebiger Länge, insbesondere mit beliebiger Länge der gewickelten Segmente und der Unterbrechungen, herstellbar und verwendbar.For a particularly simple production of the electrode is possible. Starting material is for example an endless winding containing winding sections and interruptions of the winding. A first winding section can form the helix ( W ), forming an adjacent, second winding section spaced apart from a so-called interruption ( U ), the winding ( W ). In principle, such a so-called. WUW- Gewickel of any length, in particular with any length of the wound segments and the interruptions, can be produced and used.

Eine typische Lampe mit mindestens einem Elektrodensystem weist zumindest ein Entladungsgefäß auf, das Metalldampf enthält, insbesondere Quecksilber und/oder Natrium, wobei das Entladungsgefäß aus Keramik gefertigt ist. Bevorzugt handelt es sich um relativ niederwattige Lampen mit einer Leistung von 20 bis 400 W. Jedoch sind höherwattige Lampen, beispielsweise bis 2000 W, nicht ausgeschlossen.A typical lamp with at least one electrode system has at least one discharge vessel containing metal vapor, in particular mercury and / or sodium, wherein the discharge vessel is made of ceramic. Preferably, it is relatively low-wattage lamps with a power of 20 to 400 W. However, higher wattage lamps, for example up to 2000 W, are not excluded.

Das bevorzugte Herstellverfahren zur Herstellung eines Elektrodensystems kann auch dahingehend modifiziert sein, dass statt eines durchgehenden Kernstifts, der die Aufgabe des Schafts und des Anschlussteils in einem löst, ein Kernstift verwendet wird, der aus zwei Teilen mit unterschiedlichem Durchmesser zusammengesetzt ist.The preferred manufacturing method for producing an electrode system may also be modified in that instead of a continuous core pin, which solves the task of the shaft and the connection part in one, a core pin is used, which is composed of two parts with different diameters.

Das Schneiden des Endlosgewickels in Abschnitte erfolgt bevorzugt mittels Drahterodieren oder durch Anwendung von Laserpulsen. Ein derartiges Gewickel besitz gute Maßhaltigkeit. Die Wendel kann nicht mehr verrutschen. Ein bündiger Abschluss der Wendel am Kernstift bleibt erhalten. Ein Abfallen der Wendel bei starker Belastung ist jetzt ausgeschlossen.The cutting of the endless wound into sections is preferably carried out by wire eroding or by using laser pulses. Such a coil has good dimensional stability. The helix can not slip anymore. A flush finish of the helix at the core pin is preserved. A drop of the coil under heavy load is now excluded.

Zudem wird ein definierter Wärmeübergang erzeugt. Die Elektrodenparameter bleiben innerhalb eines Fertigungsloses jetzt gleich, so dass auch der Kontakt und somit anfängliche Wärmeübergang nach dem Lampenstart zwischen Wendel und Schaft bei allen Lampen praktisch identisch ist. Separate Mittel zur Befestigung der Wendel, wie beispielsweise Überstände wie in DE-A 198 08 981 beschrieben, werden jetzt nicht mehr benötigt. Ein weiterer Vorteil der neuen Herstellungsmethode ist, dass sich die Elektrode durch den Verzicht auf das Aufschieben nicht mehr verbiegen kann. Die extrem schonende Fertigung bewirkt, dass keine Spleiße mehr im Elektrodenbereich abstehen, so dass das Schwärzungsverhalten und die Bogenruhe verbessert werden.In addition, a defined heat transfer is generated. The electrode parameters remain the same within a production lot, so that the contact and thus initial heat transfer after the lamp start between coil and shaft is virtually identical for all lamps. Separate means for fixing the coil, such as supernatants as in DE-A 198 08 981 described are no longer needed. Another advantage of the new manufacturing method is that the electrode can no longer bend by omitting the postponement. The extremely gentle production ensures that no more splices stick out in the electrode area, so that the blackening behavior and the arc stability are improved.

Mit dem neuen Herstellverfahren können extrem einfache, nämlich nur aus zwei Teilen bestehende Elektrodensysteme gefertigt werden, die auch für sehr geringe Wattagen maßhaltig sind. Für eine keramische 20 W-Lampe mit Wendel gab es bisher noch kein großtechnisch sinnvolles Herstellverfahren.With the new manufacturing process extremely simple, namely only two-part electrode systems can be made, which are dimensionally stable even for very low wattages. For a ceramic 20 W lamp with helix, there was hitherto no industrially meaningful manufacturing process.

Damit lassen sich auch spezielle Bauteile, die als Frontstücke des Elektrodensystems fungieren, erstellen und insbesondere eine hochgradige Symmetrie aufweisen. Der Vorteil symmetrischer Elektrodensysteme bzw. von Bauteilen, die Frontstücke bilden, ist, dass dadurch die erste oder einzige Schweißung, die Bestandteile des Elektrodensystems miteinander verbindet, weiter weg vom Entladungsbogen angeordnet ist, wodurch das Problem überhitzter Schweißpunkte und abknickender Elektrodenköpfe minimiert wird.In this way, it is also possible to create special components which act as front pieces of the electrode system and, in particular, have a high degree of symmetry. The advantage of symmetrical electrode systems or of components that form front pieces is that this places the first or only weld, which connects components of the electrode system, farther away from the discharge arc which minimizes the problem of overheated spot welds and kinking electrode heads.

Bei hoher Leistung, beispielsweise 150 bis 600 W, ist jetzt ein kostengünstiges Dreiteil-Design möglich statt eines aufwendigen Vierteil-Designs, da ein Frontstück in seiner Länge maßgeschneidert werden kann, wodurch auch hier der Schweißknoten aus der heißen Zone verlagert werden kann. Ein weiterer Vorteil ist, dass in kühleren Regionen das besser angepasste Cermet verwendet werden kann. Bisher war bei großen Wattagen ein Dreiteil-Design nicht möglich, weil zum einen ein Cermetmaterial nicht ausreichend wärmestabil ist und umgekehrt eine Verlängerung des Kernstifts bis in die Durchführung hinein sich wegen des aufgrund dieser Maßnahme entstehenden großen Totvolumens in der Kapillare verbietet. Zum andern kann auch kein Molybdänstift verwendet werden, weil dann die Abdichtung nicht ausreichend funktioniert. Ein großer Stift aus Molybdän ist zu wenig im thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten an die Keramik der Kapillare angepasst.At high power, for example, 150 to 600 W, a cost-effective three-piece design is now possible instead of a complex four-part design, as a front piece can be tailored in length, which also allows the welding node to be moved out of the hot zone. Another advantage is that in cooler regions the better adapted cermet can be used. Previously, a three-piece design was not possible with large wattages, because on the one hand a cermet material is not sufficiently heat-stable and, conversely, an extension of the core pin into the passage is prohibited because of the large dead volume in the capillary resulting from this measure. On the other hand, no molybdenum pin can be used, because then the seal does not work properly. A large pin of molybdenum is too little adapted in the coefficient of thermal expansion of the ceramic of the capillary.

Das neue Herstellverfahren für ein Elektrodensystem mit Wendel und Wicklung macht die Herstellung erheblich einfacher und kostengünstiger und erleichtert die Automatisierung.The new manufacturing process for an electrode system with helix and winding makes the production much easier and less expensive and facilitates automation.

Die neue Elektrode eignet sich sehr gut für die Herstellung mittels Laser. Typisch wird für diese Arbeiten ein Nd-YAG-Laser verwendet. Der Laser kann als Schneidewerkzeug verwendet werden oder für die Materialbearbeitung, insbesondere den Abtrag. Im ersten Fall wird ein besonders gerader, gratfreier Schnitt erzielt, im zweiten Fall lässt sich ein vorstehender Kernstift an der Spitze der Elektrode auf einfache berührungsfreie Weise erzielen. Ein weiteres Anwendungsgebiet des Lasers ist, dass die Querschnittsfläche des Distanzstückes damit elegant lokal reduziert werden kann. Dieses teilweises Abtragen dient dazu, den Wärmefluss zwischen Wendel und Wicklung zu verringern. Dabei kann sowohl die Höhe als auch die Breite des Drahtes verringert werden. Bevorzugt wird die Höhe verringert, weil damit an dieser Stelle der Außendurchmesser verringert werden kann. Der Abstand zur Kapillare eines keramischen Entladungsgefäßes wird dadurch vergrößert, was die Gefahr von Rissen verringert.The new electrode is very well suited for laser production. Typically, an Nd-YAG laser is used for this work. The laser can be used as a cutting tool or for material processing, especially the removal. In the first case, a particularly straight, burr-free cut is achieved, in the second case, a protruding core pin can be achieved at the tip of the electrode in a simple non-contact manner. Another field of application of the laser is that the cross-sectional area of the spacer can thus be elegantly reduced locally. This partial ablation serves to reduce the heat flow between coil and winding. In this case, both the height and the width of the wire can be reduced. Preferably, the height is reduced, because thus at this point the outer diameter can be reduced. The distance to the capillary of a ceramic discharge vessel is thereby increased, which reduces the risk of cracks.

Eine weitere Anwendungsmöglichkeit ist die Reduzierung der Dicke der Wicklung, indem nachträglich die letzten Windungen in ihrer Höhe vermindert werden. vorteilhaft wird damit am Ende die Schweißbarkeit verbessert und die Einbettung in die Schmelzkeramik, die hier den Anschlussstift umgibt, gelingt besser.Another application is to reduce the thickness of the winding by subsequently the last turns are reduced in height. advantageous In the end, the weldability is improved and the embedment in the ceramic, which surrounds the terminal pin, succeeds better.

Typisch ist eine Höhenreduzierung um 30 bis 65 %. Dies ist insbesondere bei kleinen Wattagen bis 100 W wichtig.Typical is a height reduction of 30 to 65%. This is especially important for small wattages up to 100 W.

Insbesondere kann eine zusätzliche Umwicklung des Anschlussteils vorgesehen sein. Diese kann separat hergestellt sein und evtl. nachträglich aufgeschoben sein. Sie kann aber auch direkt aus dem Draht des Gewickels integral hergestellt sein. Sie kann einlagig oder zweilagig sein und als Einfach- oder Doppelgewickel realisiert sein. Eine weitere Möglichkeit ist ein einlagiges Umspinnungsgewickel.In particular, an additional wrapping of the connection part can be provided. This can be made separately and possibly postponed later. But it can also be made directly from the wire of the integral. It can be single-layer or double-layered and realized as a single or double wrapping. Another possibility is a single-layer wrapping wrap.

Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings

Im folgenden soll die Erfindung anhand mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele näher erläutert werden. Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Hochdruckentladungslampe, im Schnitt;
Figur 2
eine weitere Hochdruckentladungslampe, im Schnitt;
Figur 3
ein Elektrodensystem für die Lampe der Figur 2, im Schnitt;
Figur 4 bis 13
weitere Ausführungsbeispiele von Elektrodensystemen.
In the following the invention will be explained in more detail with reference to several embodiments. Show it:
FIG. 1
a high pressure discharge lamp, in section;
FIG. 2
another high-pressure discharge lamp, in section;
FIG. 3
an electrode system for the lamp of FIG. 2 , on average;
FIGS. 4 to 13
further embodiments of electrode systems.

Bevorzugte Ausführung der ErfindungPreferred embodiment of the invention

Figur 1 zeigt schematisch als Ausschnitt eine Metallhalogenidlampe 1 mit zweiseitig verschlossenem keramischem Entladungsgefäß 2 mit einer Leistung von 150 W. Die Elektroden 3 bestehen aus Stiften 4, die als Elektrodenschaft durchgängig konstanten Durchmesser besitzen. Er beträgt etwa 500 µm. In einem Abstand von 0,3 mm von der Entladungsseitigen Spitze des Stifts ist eine Wendel 5 von 180 µm Durchmesser auf dem Schaft 4 angebracht. Im Entladungsgefäß 2 ist eine Metallhalogenidfüllung eingefüllt. Die Enden 6 des Entladungsgefäßes sind mittels Kapillaren 7 verschlossen, die eine zweigeteilte Durchführung 8, 9 eng umschließen, bestehend aus einem inneren Anschlussteil 8 und einem äußeren Endstück 9. Das Endstück 9 ist ein Niobstift. FIG. 1 schematically shows as a section of a metal halide lamp 1 with two-sided closed ceramic discharge vessel 2 with a power of 150 W. The electrodes 3 consist of pins 4, which have constant diameter as the electrode shaft. It is about 500 microns. At a distance of 0.3 mm from the discharge-side tip of the pin, a coil 5 of 180 μm in diameter is mounted on the shaft 4. In the discharge vessel 2, a metal halide is filled. The ends 6 of the discharge vessel are closed by capillaries 7, which tightly enclose a two-part bushing 8, 9, consisting of an inner connecting part 8 and an outer end piece 9. The end piece 9 is a niobium pin.

Fig. 2 zeigt im Detail ein Ende des Entladungsgefäßes 2. Das Endstück 9 ist mittels Glaslot 10 in der Kapillare 7 abgedichtet ist. Das Anschlussteil 8 besteht aus Molybdän. Es ist ein Stift (verdeckt), der von einer Wicklung 11 aus Molybdän umhüllt ist. Der Durchmesser des Anschlussteils 8 ist erheblich größer als der des als Schaft fungierenden Kernstifts 4 der Elektrode. Die auf dem Schaft befindliche als Elektrodenkopf dienende Wendel 5 ist über eine Unterbrechung 12, die eine oder mehrere Windungen umfasst, mit der Wicklung 11 verbunden. Die Anzahl der Windungen beträgt bevorzugt ein bis drei. Fig. 2 shows in detail one end of the discharge vessel 2. The end piece 9 is sealed by means of glass solder 10 in the capillary 7. The connecting part 8 is made of molybdenum. It is a pin (hidden), which is surrounded by a winding 11 made of molybdenum. The diameter of the connecting part 8 is considerably larger than that of the core pin 4 acting as shaft of the electrode. The helix 5 serving as the electrode head on the shank is connected to the winding 11 via an interruption 12 comprising one or more windings. The number of turns is preferably one to three.

Fig. 3 zeigt schematisch ein anderes Ausführungsbeispiel eines Elektrodensystems 13 für die Lampe der Figur 1 im Detail. Es besteht aus einem durchgehenden Stift 4, der gleichzeitig die Aufgabe des Schafts und des Anschlussteils wahrnimmt. Am entladungsseitigen Ende ist eine Wendel 5 aufgebracht, die etwa 6 Windungen eines Drahtes umfasst und bündig abgeschnitten ist. Am durchführungsseitigen Ende ist eine Wicklung 11 desselben Drahtes, der aus Wolfram besteht, aufgebracht. Sie umfasst etwa 30 Windungen. Wendel 5 und Wicklung 11 sind integral gefertigt und über eine Unterbrechung 12, die eine Windung umfasst, verbunden. Der Abstand zwischen Wendel und Wicklung entspricht etwa dem Dreifachen der Länge der Wendel 5. Fig. 3 schematically shows another embodiment of an electrode system 13 for the lamp of FIG. 1 in detail. It consists of a continuous pin 4, which simultaneously performs the task of the shaft and the connecting part. At the discharge end, a coil 5 is applied, which comprises about 6 turns of a wire and is cut flush. At the feedthrough end, a winding 11 of the same wire, which consists of tungsten, is applied. It comprises about 30 turns. Coil 5 and winding 11 are integrally manufactured and connected via an interruption 12, which comprises a winding. The distance between helix and winding corresponds approximately to three times the length of the helix. 5

Allgemein gilt, dass der Abstand zwischen Wendel und Wicklung bevorzugt mit der Wattage steigt.In general, the distance between filament and winding preferably increases with the wattage.

In Figur 4 ist das Elektrodensystem 13 ähnlich wie in Figur 3 aufgebaut. Jedoch sind Wendel 5 und Wicklung 11 nicht integral, sondern separat. Die Wicklung 11 ist aus Molybdän, da dieses sich am besten zur Anpassung an den thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten der Keramik der Kapillare 7 eignet. Derartige Elektrodensysteme dürfen allerdings wegen des relativ niedrigen Schmelzpunkts von Molybdän nicht allzu stark belastet werden. Anders ausgedrückt sind diese Systeme für Leistungen bis 100 W gut geeignet, darüber aber nur bedingt. Andere geeignete Materialien für das Elektrodensystem sind Wolfram, Tantal und Rhenium, allein oder in Kombination. Ggf. dient ein Material als Beschichtung auf dem andern. Der Drahtdurchmesser der Wicklung 11 ist deutlich kleiner als der der Wendel 5, um das Totvolumen möglichst klein zu halten. Wendel und Wicklung sind über einen Schweißpunkt S am Ende der Unterbrechung miteinander verbunden.In FIG. 4 the electrode system 13 is similar to FIG FIG. 3 built up. However, coil 5 and coil 11 are not integral but separate. The winding 11 is made of molybdenum, since this is best suited for adaptation to the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic of the capillary 7. However, such electrode systems must not be overly stressed because of the relatively low melting point of molybdenum. In other words, these systems are well suited for powers up to 100 W, but only to a limited extent. Other suitable materials for the electrode system are tungsten, tantalum and rhenium, alone or in combination. Possibly. one material serves as a coating on the other. The wire diameter of the winding 11 is significantly smaller than that of the helix 5 in order to keep the dead volume as small as possible. The coil and the winding are connected to each other via a welding point S at the end of the interruption.

Das Elektrodensystem 13 ist dadurch vervollständigt, dass an das Anschlussteil 8 noch das Endstück 9 der Durchführung aus Niob mit deutlich größerem Durchmesser angeschweißt ist. Der Außendurchmesser der Wicklung und der Durchmesser des Niobstifts sind etwa gleich groß.The electrode system 13 is completed by the fact that the end piece 9 of the niobium leadthrough of significantly larger diameter is welded onto the connection part 8. The outer diameter of the winding and the diameter of the Niobstifts are about the same size.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform besteht die Lösung des Problems der thermischen Anpassung besteht darin, die Wicklung aus einer geeigneten Kombination von Materialien zu fertigen. Dies gilt insbesondere für hochbelastete Lampen. In Figur 5 ist ein Elektrodensystem 13 im Ausschnitt gezeigt, bei dem das Problem der Anpassung des thermischen Ausdehnungskoeffizienten gegenüber dem Material der Kapillare gelöst wird, indem auf die eigentliche Wicklung 11, die aus Wolfram besteht und die wie in Figur 3 integral mit der Wendel ist, ein zweites Gewickel 26 aufgetragen wird, das aus Molybdän besteht. Das Gewickel 14 ist in aller Regel wegen der Minimierung des Totvolumens aus dünnerem Draht, in der Regel 20 bis 50 % dünner, gefertigt.In a preferred embodiment, the solution to the problem of thermal matching is to fabricate the winding from a suitable combination of materials. This is especially true for heavily loaded lamps. In FIG. 5 an electrode system 13 is shown in section, in which the problem of adjusting the coefficient of thermal expansion compared to the material of the capillary is solved by acting on the actual winding 11, which consists of tungsten and as in FIG. 3 integral with the coil, a second coil 26 is applied which consists of molybdenum. The coil 14 is usually made because of the minimization of the dead volume of thinner wire, usually 20 to 50% thinner.

In Figur 6 ist ein Teil eines Elektrodensystems gezeigt, das ein Standard-Bauteil als Frontstück 20 am der Entladung ausgesetzten Ende des Elektrodensystems verwendet. Es besteht aus einem Kemdraht 21, der den Schaft und den daran anschließenden ersten Abschnitt des Anschlussteils bildet. Die Wendel 22 ist am ersten Ende des Schafts montiert, und zwar insbesondere so, dass die Wendel 22 bündig mit dem Schaft abschließt. Die Wicklung 23, die die gleiche Länge wie die Wendel 22 besitzt, ist am zweiten Ende des Schafts ebenfalls bündig montiert, wobei eine Unterbrechung 24 dazwischen angeordnet ist. Aufgrund der gleichen Länge von Wendel 22 und Wicklung 23 ist das Bauteil symmetrisch, was die Verwendung in der Fertigung enorm vereinfacht, weil aufgrund der Symmetrie nicht auf die Ausrichtung des Bauteils beim Einbau geachtet werden muss. In anderen Worten sind Wendel und Wicklung hier als gleichartige Teile konzipiert, die gegeneinander ausgetauscht werden können.In FIG. 6 For example, a portion of an electrode system that uses a standard component as a front piece 20 at the discharge exposed end of the electrode system is shown. It consists of a core wire 21, which forms the shaft and the adjoining first portion of the connecting part. The coil 22 is mounted on the first end of the shaft, in particular so that the coil 22 is flush with the shaft. The winding 23, which has the same length as the coil 22, is also mounted flush with the second end of the shaft with an interruption 24 therebetween. Due to the same length of coil 22 and winding 23, the component is symmetrical, which greatly simplifies the use in manufacturing, because due to the symmetry does not have to be paid to the orientation of the component during installation. In other words, coil and winding are here designed as similar parts that can be interchanged.

In Figur 7 ist gezeigt, wie das Frontstück 20 an weitere Komponenten der Durchführung angesetzt wird. Dabei wird das Frontstück 20 mit einem Mittelteil oder Zwischenstück 25 aus Cermet, das mit einer separaten Wicklung 26 umhüllt ist, verschweißt. Daran angesetzt ist das Endstück 27 aus Niob, ebenfalls über Schweißung. Die klassischen Grenzen zwischen Elektrode und Durchführung sind also zugunsten konstruktiver Vorteile aufgehoben.In FIG. 7 It is shown how the front piece 20 is attached to other components of the implementation. In this case, the front piece 20 with a middle part or intermediate piece 25 made of cermet, which is wrapped with a separate winding 26, welded. Assumed is the end piece 27 made of niobium, also via welding. The classical boundaries between electrode and bushing are thus removed in favor of constructive advantages.

Der besondere Vorteil dieser Anordnung ist, dass hier der Außendurchmesser der Wicklung 23 und des separaten Gewickels 26 des Mittelteils 25 nicht gleich groß sein müssen, da das Frontstück 20 bezüglich Geometrie und Material auf die Bedürfnisse der Wendel 22 optimiert werden kann, während das Mittelteil 25 auf eine Hüll- und Abdichtwirkung in der Kapillare hin optimiert werden kann.The particular advantage of this arrangement is that here the outer diameter of the winding 23 and the separate coil 26 of the central part 25 need not be the same size, since the front piece 20 can be optimized in terms of geometry and material to the needs of the coil 22, while the middle part 25th can be optimized for an enveloping and sealing effect in the capillary.

In Figur 8a und 8b ist ein Elektrodensystem 30 gezeigt, bei dem die Vorteile eines fixierten Abstands zwischen Wendel 35 und Wicklung 39 demonstriert sind. Das Frontstück 31 ist neuartig gemäß Figur 8a gestaltet. Dagegen können Anschlussteil 32 und Endstück 33 konventionell ausgebildet sein, also beispielsweise, indem ein Molybdän-Gewickel 39 auf einem Molybdän-Stift 34a (gestrichelt) aufgebracht ist und mit einem Endstück 33, einem Stift aus Niob, verschweißt ist. Hier ist ein Frontstück 31 verwendet, das gemäß Fig. 8a aus einem Schaft 34 aus Wolfram besteht, auf dem eine Wendel 35 aus Wolfram aufgebracht ist. Zusätzlich ist jedoch noch eine Unterbrechung 36 auf den Schaft 34 gewickelt, die sich bis zum rückwärtigen Ende 37 des Schafts erstreckt.In FIG. 8a and 8b an electrode system 30 is shown in which the advantages of a fixed distance between coil 35 and winding 39 are demonstrated. The front piece 31 is novel according to FIG. 8a designed. In contrast, connector 32 and tail 33 may be conventional, so for example, by a molybdenum-wound 39 on a molybdenum pin 34 a (dashed) is applied and with an end piece 33, a pin of niobium, welded. Here is a front piece 31 is used, according to Fig. 8a consists of a shaft 34 made of tungsten, on which a filament 35 of tungsten is applied. In addition, however, an interruption 36 is still wound on the shaft 34, which extends to the rear end 37 of the shaft.

Gemäß Figur 8b kann dieses Frontstück 31 mit dem konventionellen Anschlussteil 32 verschweißt werden. Der stark schematisiert dargestellte Schweiß-Verbindungspunkt 38 verbindet nicht nur die Kernstifte 34 und 34a, sondern auch die Unterbrechung 36 mit der Wicklung 39. Auch hier können Geometrie und Materialien aufgrund der Entkopplung zwischen Frontstück und Mittelteil auf die jeweiligen spezifischen Anforderungen hin optimiert werden.According to FIG. 8b This front piece 31 can be welded to the conventional connection part 32. The highly schematically illustrated welding connection point 38 connects not only the core pins 34 and 34a, but also the interruption 36 with the winding 39. Again, geometry and materials can be optimized due to the decoupling between the front piece and middle part to the specific requirements.

In Figur 9 ist ein Elektrodensystem 13 gezeigt, bei dem die Baueinheit einen Kernstift 4 als Schaft und integrales Anschlussteil besitzt. Während die Wendel 5 wie üblich am entladungsseitigen Ende des Schafts 4 sitzt, ist die Wicklung 11 länger als das darin verborgene Anschlussteil 4', so dass in den Hohlraum 15 am rückseitigen Ende des Anschlussteils das Endstück eingeschoben und dann gecrimpt werden kann. Damit kann auf einen Schweißvorgang verzichtet werden.In FIG. 9 an electrode system 13 is shown, in which the assembly has a core pin 4 as a shaft and integral connection part. While the coil 5 is seated at the discharge end of the shaft 4 as usual, the coil 11 is longer than the connector 4 'hidden therein so that the end piece can be inserted into the cavity 15 at the rear end of the connector and then crimped. This can be dispensed with a welding process.

In Figur 10 ist eine Alternative zu Figur 9 gezeigt, bei der als einziger Unterschied am rückwärtigen Ende des Anschlussteils 4' eine zusätzliche Unterbrechung 16 angesetzt ist, und zwar ohne Kernstift. In diesem Ausführungsbeispiel wird das Endstück in den Hohlraum 15 eingesetzt und von Unterbrechung 16 gecrimpt.In FIG. 10 is an alternative to FIG. 9 shown in the only difference at the rear end of the connecting part 4 'is an additional interruption 16 is set, without a core pin. In this embodiment, the tail is inserted into the cavity 15 and crimped by interruption 16.

In Figur 11 ist ein Elektrodensystem 13 gezeigt mit einem dreiteiligen Design: ein unsymmetrisches Frontstück 17 mit durchgehendem Kernstift 4, der den Schaft und den ersten Teil des Anschlussteils bildet. Darauf sitzt eine kurze Wendel 18 und eine lange Wicklung 19. Daran ist ein Cermetstift 28 mit umgebenden Molybdängewickel angeschweißt, an dieses wiederum ist ein Endstück 9 angeschweißt. Der Schweißpunkt ist jeweils mit 38 bezeichnet.In FIG. 11 is an electrode system 13 shown with a three-part design: an asymmetrical front piece 17 with a continuous core pin 4, the shaft and forms the first part of the connection part. On it sits a short coil 18 and a long winding 19. This is a cermet pin 28 welded to surrounding Molybdängewickel, this in turn, an end piece 9 is welded. The welding point is designated in each case by 38.

In Figur 12 ist ein Frontstück 17 gezeigt, bei dem die Unterbrechung 40 zwei Windungen lang ist. Das Verhältnis zwischen Außendurchmesser der Wendel 14 und Außendurchmesser der Wicklung 29 ist hier 1:3. In die Wicklung kann ein geeignet dimensioniertes Mittelstück eingepasst werden.In FIG. 12 a front piece 17 is shown, in which the interruption 40 is two turns long. The ratio between the outer diameter of the coil 14 and the outer diameter of the winding 29 is 1: 3. In the winding, a suitably sized centerpiece can be fitted.

Ein konkretes Beispiel einer Bemaßung ist eine 70 W-Lampe, bei der der Schaft 21 einen Durchmesser von 250 µm hat und der darauf gewickelte Draht für Wendel und Wicklung einen Durchmesser von 150 µm besitzt. Ein daraus gefertigtes symmetrisches Frontstück (siehe Figur 6 und 7) hat eine Länge der Wendel 22 von 1,1 mm, eine Länge der Unterbrechung 24 (1 Windung) von 1,8 mm und eine Länge der Wicklung 23 von wieder 1,1 mm. Ein daran angesetztes Mittelteil 25, das mit Molybdändraht 26 umwickelt ist, hat eine Länge von 8,5 mm mit einem Kernstift von 400 µm Durchmesser und einem Wickeldraht von 140 µm Durchmesser. Ein daran angesetztes Endstück 27 aus Niob hat eine Länge von 16,8 mm und besteht aus einem Niobstift mit 730 µm Durchmesser.A concrete example of a dimension is a 70 W lamp in which the shaft 21 has a diameter of 250 μm and the wire wound thereon for coil and winding has a diameter of 150 μm. A symmetrical front piece made of it (see FIG. 6 and 7 ) has a length of the coil 22 of 1.1 mm, a length of the interruption 24 (1 turn) of 1.8 mm and a length of the winding 23 of again 1.1 mm. An attached central part 25, which is wrapped with molybdenum wire 26, has a length of 8.5 mm with a core pin of 400 microns in diameter and a winding wire of 140 microns in diameter. An attached end piece 27 made of niobium has a length of 16.8 mm and consists of a niobium pin with 730 microns in diameter.

Die Bemaßung einer 35 W-Lampe sieht vor: der Niobstift 27 hat einen Durchmesser von 610 µm; der Molybdän-Kernstift 25 des Mittelteils hat einen Durchmesser von 300 µm und ist umwickelt von einem Molybdändraht 26 mit 130 µm Durchmesser; der Kernstift 21, der als durchgängiges Teil für Elektrodenschaft und Anschlussteil wirkt, hat einen Durchmesser von 154 µm; auf ihn ist eine Wendel 22, Unterbrechung 24 und Wicklung 23 aus einem Draht von 122 µm Durchmesser gewickelt.The dimensioning of a 35 W lamp provides: the niobium pin 27 has a diameter of 610 microns; the center molybdenum core pin 25 has a diameter of 300 μm and is wrapped by a molybdenum wire 26 of 130 μm in diameter; the core pin 21, which acts as a continuous part for the electrode shaft and the connection part, has a diameter of 154 μm; on him a coil 22, interruption 24 and winding 23 is wound from a wire of 122 microns in diameter.

Die Bemaßung einer 150 W-Lampe sieht vor: der Niobstift 27 hat einen Durchmesser von 880 µm; der Molybdän-Kernstift 25 des Mittelteils hat einen Durchmesser von 540 µm und ist umwickelt von einem Molybdändraht 26 mit 150 µm Durchmesser; der Kernstift 21, der als durchgängiges Teil für Elektrodenschaft und Anschlussteil wirkt, hat einen Durchmesser von 500 µm; auf ihn ist eine Wendel 22, Unterbrechung 24 und Wicklung 23 aus einem Draht von 180 µm Durchmesser gewickelt.The dimensioning of a 150 W lamp provides: the niobium pin 27 has a diameter of 880 microns; the center molybdenum core pin 25 has a diameter of 540 μm and is wrapped by a molybdenum wire 26 of 150 μm in diameter; the core pin 21, which acts as a continuous part for the electrode shaft and the connection part, has a diameter of 500 μm; on him a coil 22, interruption 24 and winding 23 is wound from a wire of 180 microns in diameter.

Der Durchmesser DA des Anschlussteils kann zwischen 50 und 400 % des Durchmesser DS des Schafts betragen.The diameter DA of the connecting part can be between 50 and 400% of the diameter DS of the shaft.

Generell können separate Wendel und Wicklung miteinander starr verbunden sein, indem entweder das Ende der Unterbrechung mit dem Beginn der Wicklung oder der Wendel verschweißt ist. dabei ist die Unterbrechung entweder an die Wicklung oder Wendel integral angesetzt. Alternativ kann die Unterbrechung auch separat von Wendel und Wicklung sein und benötigt dann zwei Schweißpunkte. Statt einer Schweißung oder Lötung etc. ist auch eine rein mechanisch starre Verbindung möglich, beispielsweise durch Einfädeln der Unterbrechung in das u.U. aufgebogene Ende der Wendel oder Wicklung ähnlich den für Halogenglühlampen bekannten Techniken.In general, separate filament and winding can be rigidly connected to each other by either the end of the interruption to the beginning of the winding or the coil is welded. while the interruption is either attached to the winding or coil integral. Alternatively, the interruption may also be separate from filament and winding and then requires two welds. Instead of welding or soldering etc., a purely mechanically rigid connection is possible, for example by threading the interruption in the u.U. bent end of the coil or winding similar to the techniques known for halogen incandescent lamps.

Statt einer Wicklungsunterbrechung, die schraubenförmig gewunden ist, kann die Unterbrechung auch als gerades Distanzstück 41 ausgebildet sein, das beispielsweise über Schweißpunkte 42 zwischen Wendel 5 und Wicklung 11 eingesetzt ist, siehe Figur 13.Instead of a winding interruption, which is helically wound, the interruption can also be formed as a straight spacer 41, which is used for example via welds 42 between coil 5 and winding 11, see FIG. 13 ,

In Figur 14 ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel gezeigt, bei dem der Kerndraht 21 von einer Unterbrechung 24 umwunden ist, die teils ein unversehrter Drahtabschnitt 24u und teils ein Drahtabschnitt 24r ist, bei dem der Durchmesser auf etwa 60 % abgetragen ist, was mittels Laserbearbeitung am einfachsten realisiert werden kann. Auf diese Weise wird der Wärmefluss vom Kopf der Elektrode nach hinten unterdrückt. Eine Alternative ist in Figur 15 gezeigt, die im Prinzip die Darstellung der Figur 9 zeigt, jedoch mit dem Unterschied, dass hier die Unterbrechung gleichmäßig seitlich eingeschnürt ist (41) oder einseitig eingeschnürt ist (42). Beides kann wieder mittels Laser, aber auch mechanisch, hergestellt werden.In FIG. 14 an embodiment is shown in which the core wire 21 is wound by an interruption 24, which is partly an intact wire portion 24u and partly a wire portion 24r, wherein the diameter is removed to about 60%, which can be most easily realized by means of laser processing. In this way the heat flow from the head of the electrode to the back is suppressed. An alternative is in FIG. 15 shown, in principle, the representation of FIG. 9 shows, but with the difference that here the interruption is evenly constricted laterally (41) or is constricted on one side (42). Both can be produced again by means of laser, but also mechanically.

In Figur 16 ist gezeigt, dass ein endständiger Teil 45 der Wicklung 11, der also am entladungsfernen Ende sitzt, einen reduzierten Durchmesser aufweisen kann, um den Bereich der Wicklung, der mit Schmelzkeramik oder Glaslot 10 in Berührung kommt, zu optimieren; siehe zum besseren Verständnis Figur 2. Der Stift 4 und die Unterbrechung 12 sowie die Wendel 5 entsprechen dabei der in Figur 2 gezeigten Anordnung. Auch hier ist der Abtrag der Höhe im Teil 45 am besten mit dem Laser zu bewerkstelligen.In FIG. 16 it is shown that a terminal part 45 of the winding 11, which is thus located at the discharge-distal end, may have a reduced diameter in order to optimize the region of the winding which comes into contact with the ceramic or glass solder 10; see for a better understanding FIG. 2 , The pin 4 and the interruption 12 and the coil 5 correspond to the in FIG. 2 shown arrangement. Again, the removal of the height in part 45 is best done with the laser.

Claims (18)

  1. Electrode system (13; 30) for a high-pressure discharge lamp (1) having a ceramic discharge vessel, at least comprising an electrode, which has a pin-shaped shank (4; 21; 34) with a filament (5; 18; 22; 35) fitted on the shank in the vicinity of the discharge-side free end of the shank and a connection part (8; 32; 4) connected to the shank (4; 21; 34), and an encircling winding (11; 19; 23; 29; 39) being fitted to the connection part, characterized in that the distance between filament (5; 18; 22; 35) and winding (11; 19; 23; 29; 39) is fixed by filament (5; 18; 22; 35) and winding (11; 19; 23; 29; 39) being connected to one another
    - either via a straight spacer (41) that is fitted between filament (22) and winding (23) via weld spots (42),
    - or via a winding interruption (12; 24; 36; 40) which is wound helically around the shank (4; 21; 34) and comprises one or more turns with a greater pitch than the filament (5; 18; 22; 35).
  2. Electrode system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the shank (4; 21; 34) has a diameter that is constant throughout.
  3. Electrode system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the diameter of the connection part (8; 32; 4) is 50% to 400% of the diameter of the shank (4; 21; 34).
  4. Electrode system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the connection part (8; 32; 4) is integrally connected to the shank (4; 21; 34).
  5. Electrode system according to Claim 1, characterized in that filament (5; 18; 22; 35) and winding (11; 19; 23; 29) and also the winding interruption (12; 24; 36; 40) are produced integrally from a wire.
  6. Electrode system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the connection part (8; 32; 4) is a separate part.
  7. Electrode system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the connection part (8; 32; 4) is an integral extension of the shank (4; 21; 34).
  8. Electrode system according to Claim 6, characterized in that at least the shank (4; 21; 34) consists of high-melting, electrically conductive material, preferably of tungsten or tantalum alone or predominantly of tungsten or tantalum.
  9. Electrode system according to Claim 6, characterized in that the connection part (8; 32; 4) consists of one of the materials molybdenum, niobium, electrically conductive cermet alone or predominantly of one of these materials or an alloy of Mo or Nb.
  10. Electrode system according to Claim 1, characterized in that filament (5; 18; 22; 35) and winding (11; 19; 23; 29; 39) consist of the same material.
  11. Electrode system according to Claim 1, characterized in that filament (5; 18; 22; 35) and winding (11; 19; 23; 29; 39) consist of molybdenum and/or tungsten.
  12. Electrode system according to Claim 1, characterized in that filament (5; 18; 22; 35) and winding (11; 19; 23; 29; 39) have the same pitch.
  13. Electrode system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the electrode system comprises a front piece (20), in which filament and winding are symmetrical with respect to one another by virtue of filament (22) and winding (23) having the same length.
  14. Electrode system according to Claim 1, characterized in that at least one further winding (26) or coiled formation is fitted onto the winding (11; 23) or a part thereof.
  15. Electrode system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the connection part (8; 32; 4) has substantially the same diameter as the shank (4; 21; 34), and in that their diameters differ by less than 30%.
  16. Electrode system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the diameter of the winding interruption (12; 24; 36; 40) is locally reduced.
  17. Electrode system according to Claim 1, characterized in that the winding (11; 19; 23; 29) has a reduced outer diameter at the end remote from the discharge.
  18. High-pressure discharge lamp having at least one electrode system (13; 30) according to Claim 1, the lamp having a discharge vessel (2) with two ends (7), an electrode system (13; 30) of this type being inserted into one or both of these ends (7) of the discharge vessel, the discharge vessel (2) being produced from ceramic.
EP04802774A 2004-02-23 2004-11-19 Electrode system for a high-pressure discharge lamp Not-in-force EP1730766B1 (en)

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DE102004008746 2004-02-23
DE102004012242A DE102004012242A1 (en) 2004-02-23 2004-03-12 Electrode system for a high-pressure gas discharge lamp has a pin-type shank with a spiral helix as an electrode head interconnected to an encasing coil winding
PCT/DE2004/002561 WO2005083744A2 (en) 2004-02-23 2004-11-19 Electrode system for a high-pressure discharge lamp

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DE202006002833U1 (en) * 2006-02-22 2006-05-04 Patent-Treuhand-Gesellschaft für elektrische Glühlampen mbH High pressure discharge lamp with ceramic discharge vessel
DE102007046899B3 (en) * 2007-09-28 2009-02-12 W.C. Heraeus Gmbh Halogen metal vapor lamp comprises a ceramic housing and a current feed-through arranged in the ceramic housing
EP2278610A4 (en) * 2008-04-30 2013-01-02 Iwasaki Electric Co Ltd Electrode for ultra-high pressure mercury lamp and ultra-high pressure mercury lamp
US8089212B2 (en) * 2008-08-08 2012-01-03 General Electric Company Lower turn per inch (TPI) electrodes in ceramic metal halide (CMH) lamps
JP5397106B2 (en) * 2009-09-09 2014-01-22 岩崎電気株式会社 Electrode, manufacturing method thereof, and high-pressure discharge lamp
WO2016140610A1 (en) * 2015-03-02 2016-09-09 Profoto Ab Flash tube providing a flat peak synchronized output

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CA2497511A1 (en) 2005-08-23
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WO2005083744A3 (en) 2006-02-16
US20050264213A1 (en) 2005-12-01
RU2006133920A (en) 2008-03-27
KR20060131868A (en) 2006-12-20
WO2005083744A2 (en) 2005-09-09
EP1730766A2 (en) 2006-12-13

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