EP1700022A1 - Method and device for the cylinder-specific determination and regulation of a fuel-injection quantity - Google Patents

Method and device for the cylinder-specific determination and regulation of a fuel-injection quantity

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Publication number
EP1700022A1
EP1700022A1 EP04820413A EP04820413A EP1700022A1 EP 1700022 A1 EP1700022 A1 EP 1700022A1 EP 04820413 A EP04820413 A EP 04820413A EP 04820413 A EP04820413 A EP 04820413A EP 1700022 A1 EP1700022 A1 EP 1700022A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cylinder
exhaust gas
fuel
injected
gas pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP04820413A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Joachim Bornitz
Nicholas Fekete
Lorenzo Matassini
Rüdiger Pfaff
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mercedes Benz Group AG
Original Assignee
DaimlerChrysler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DaimlerChrysler AG filed Critical DaimlerChrysler AG
Publication of EP1700022A1 publication Critical patent/EP1700022A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/008—Controlling each cylinder individually
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1448—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an exhaust gas pressure
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1438—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor
    • F02D41/1444—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases
    • F02D41/1454—Introducing closed-loop corrections using means for determining characteristics of the combustion gases; Sensors therefor characterised by the characteristics of the combustion gases the characteristics being an oxygen content or concentration or the air-fuel ratio
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/30—Controlling fuel injection
    • F02D41/38—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type
    • F02D2041/389—Controlling fuel injection of the high pressure type for injecting directly into the cylinder
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/009—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents using means for generating position or synchronisation signals
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/14—Introducing closed-loop corrections
    • F02D41/1497—With detection of the mechanical response of the engine

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the cylinder-specific determination of the injected fuel quantity in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine and to a method and a device for regulating the cylinder-individually injected fuel quantity.
  • cylinder is used here for any combustion chamber types of internal combustion engines.
  • the invention is based on the technical problem of providing a method for cylinder-specific fuel injection quantity determination, as well as an associated method and an associated device for cylinder-specific fuel injection quantity regulation, which, with relatively little effort, enables a comparatively precise cylinder-specific determination of the injected fuel quantity and a correspondingly exact regulation of each cylinder allow the amount of fuel injected.
  • the invention solves this problem by providing a method for cylinder-specific fuel injection quantity determination with the features of claim 1 and a method and a device for regulating the injected fuel quantity with the features of claims 2 and 5.
  • an exhaust gas pressure of the internal combustion engine is recorded in a time-resolved manner and an exhaust gas pressure output is determined individually for each cylinder and used to determine the fuel quantity injected in the associated combustion process of the relevant cylinder.
  • time-resolved is used here in the sense of a resolution of the relevant physical variable, such as the exhaust gas pressure, over the course of a working cycle of the internal combustion engine. In internal combustion engines with a crankshaft, this corresponds, for example, to a resolution that is synchronous with the crankshaft angle, that is to say the term “crankshaft angle resolved”.
  • This method makes use of the fact that conventional exhaust gas pressure sensors typically have response times of less than 5 ms, which are in particular significantly shorter than the response times of conventional lambda sensors. This enables problem-free detection and assignment of each exhaust pressure emission to the respective cylinder. Furthermore, this method uses the knowledge that the strength of the exhaust gas pressure output is a good measure of the amount of fuel injected.
  • the method according to the invention and the device according to the invention for regulating the amount of fuel injected individually into the cylinder use the method according to the invention for determining the amount of fuel injected individually into the cylinder, in that way the actually injected amount of fuel is determined individually for the cylinder and is used as the feedback variable for the injection quantity control for the cylinder.
  • the regulation of the individually injected force Amount of substance additionally depending on the combustion air ratio recorded in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine in a time-resolved manner can, for example, be used as an evaluation criterion for the efficiency of the control.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a device for controlling the individually injected fuel quantity for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine
  • FIG. 2 shows a diagram to illustrate a cylinder-specific fuel injection quantity determination by time-resolved detection of exhaust gas pressure and exhaust gas lambda value and for the injection quantity regulation dependent on it with the device from FIG. 1.
  • Fig. 1 illustrates the invention using the example of an internal combustion engine 1 with six cylinders, which is of conventional design and together with its associated exhaust tract is only shown schematically as a functional block.
  • an exhaust tract section in which the exhaust branches of all six cylinders are brought together, an exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 and a lambda probe 3, each of a conventional type, are arranged in parallel.
  • the internal combustion engine 1 can be, for example, a diesel engine with direct injection for a motor vehicle.
  • An injection regulator 4 controls the injection of fuel and thus the air / fuel mixture formation individually for each cylinder, and in addition to other relevant injection parameters, it regulates in particular the fuel injection quantity for each cylinder individually.
  • the injection controller 4 receives as input information an exhaust gas pressure signal 5 from the exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 and a lambda value evaluation signal 6 from an evaluation unit 7 and controls injection nozzles which are assigned to the individual cylinders accordingly.
  • the exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 detects the pressure of the exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine 1 in a time-resolved manner.
  • 2 shows in the upper diagram a typical time profile of the exhaust gas pressure measured by the exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 over a work cycle of the internal combustion engine 1, i.e. over 720 ° crankshaft angle, with the time course on the abscissa in degrees crankshaft angle (KW).
  • the lambda probe 3 detects the combustion air ratio of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas in a time-resolved manner.
  • 2 shows in the lower diagram a typical course of the exhaust gas lambda value measured by the lambda probe 3 in a time-synchronous manner, i.e. synchronized with crankshaft angle, to the measured exhaust gas pressure curve in the upper diagram for the same work cycle.
  • the measurement example of FIG. 2 relates to a case in which an exhaust gas turbocharger is assigned to the internal combustion engine 1 and the exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 and the exhaust gas lambda probe 3 are located upstream in front of an exhaust gas turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger in the exhaust tract.
  • an exhaust gas lambda signal 8 emitted by the lambda probe 3 is fed to the evaluation unit 7, specifically without delay as the exhaust gas load value of a current evaluation interval k at a first input of the Evaluation unit 7 and in parallel as a delayed exhaust gas lambda value of a previous evaluation interval k-1 at a second input of the evaluation unit 7, with one working cycle preferably being selected as the evaluation interval.
  • a corresponding delay unit 9 is connected upstream of the second input of the evaluation unit 7 in order to generate the delayed exhaust gas lambda signal.
  • the exhaust gas pressure signal of the exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 measured over a working cycle has a peak value range (peak) P. Because of the very short reaction time of the exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 of typically less than 5 ms, which is in particular very small compared to the duration of a work cycle, the peak P can be clearly and differentially recognized in the course of the measured exhaust gas pressure signal over time and can clearly identify a particular combustion process in a particular one Cylinders can be assigned.
  • the measured exhaust gas lambda value shows a more uniform course with a minimum range due to the significantly longer response time of the lambda probe 3 of approx. 100 ms, which is correlated with the combustion process associated with the exhaust gas pressure peak P, but is delayed by the longer reaction time compared to the exhaust gas pressure peak P. appears. The correlation is indicated in FIG. 2 with a thick dash arrow K.
  • the exhaust gas pressure peak P which is due to an exhaust gas pressure output of a respective cylinder, is very well suited for a cylinder-specific assignment. Since it is shown at the same time that the strength of the exhaust gas pressure peak P is, to a good approximation, proportional to the amount of fuel injected for the associated combustion process, the exhaust gas pressure signal 5 of the exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 forms good and usable input signal for the injection regulator 4, from which it determines the fuel quantity actually injected into the respective cylinder.
  • the injection controller 4 then customarily forms the difference between the actual injection quantity value determined via the exhaust gas pressure sensor signal 5 with an injection quantity target value specified for the relevant cylinder as a control deviation, in order to adjust the injection quantity for each cylinder as a function thereof.
  • the injection control implemented in the injection regulator 4 can include the measure of compensating for cylinder-specific fuel quantity deviations. At a given operating point of the internal combustion engine 1, the same amounts of fuel can be effectively injected into the various cylinders in this way, even if different settings of the individual injectors are required, for example, due to manufacturing tolerances and different aging behavior of the individual injectors and any cylinder-specific differences in the intake air mass.
  • the injection controller 4 makes use of the exhaust gas lambda value evaluation signal 6 for the injection control by using this as an evaluation criterion for the efficiency of the control.
  • the intention is to achieve a flat exhaust gas lambda value signal that is as constant as possible over time.
  • the evaluation unit 7 compares the currently measured exhaust gas lambda value with the suitable exhaust gas lambda value, which was delayed earlier, preferably by one working cycle, and evaluates the comparison result in terms of an adjustment.
  • the injection controller 4 on the one hand, as a function of the exhaust gas pressure sensor signal 5, in order to achieve the injection parameters defines defined, preferably identical, injection quantities for the individual cylinders and, on the other hand, as a function of the evaluation signal 6, in order to achieve the most uniform possible temporal course of the exhaust gas lambda value.
  • the invention enables a reliable cylinder-specific determination of the injected fuel quantity and a regulation of the cylinder-individually injected fuel quantity based thereon, preferably with additional consideration of the time-resolved measurement signal of an exhaust gas lambda probe.
  • the invention is suitable for use in diesel engines with direct injection, as mentioned, but also in any other multi-cylinder internal combustion engine.
  • good cylinder equalization can be achieved, which has a favorable effect on the emission behavior of the internal combustion engine.
  • the application of the invention is relatively inexpensive because the required system components, such as exhaust gas pressure sensor, exhaust gas lambda probe and injection regulator, are known per se and are often already installed in internal combustion engines, so that only the corresponding method steps or control algorithms have to be implemented.
  • the interaction between the smooth running control (LRR) or the fuel balance control (FBC) and the lambda control can be checked and optimized depending on the operating point.
  • the application of the invention and in particular of the inventive regulation of the individually injected cylinders The amount of fuel enables the effects of age, wear and pollution to be taken into account, and thus their reduction over the course of the operating time of an internal combustion engine, by being able to adaptively compensate for such effects.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)
  • Combined Controls Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the cylinder-specific determination of an injected quantity of fuel in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine and to a method and a device for regulating the cylinder-specific injected quantity of fuel. According to the invention, an exhaust-gas pressure of the internal combustion engine is detected with temporal resolution, i.e. dependent on the crankshaft angle and an individual exhaust-gas pressure emission is determined for each cylinder from the resultant values and used to determine the quantity of fuel that is injected in the associated combustion operation. The cylinder-specific actual value of the injected quantity of fuel thus determined can then be used to adjust the quantity of fuel that is to be injected into the corresponding cylinder. The invention can be used for example, for diesel motors of motor vehicles.

Description

DaimlerChrysler AGDaimlerChrysler AG
Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur zylinderindividuellen Bestimmung und Regelung der KraftstoffeinspritzmengeMethod and device for cylinder-specific determination and regulation of the fuel injection quantity
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur zylinderindividuellen Bestimmung der eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge bei einer mehrzylindrischen Brennkraftmaschine sowie auf ein Verfahren und eine Vorrichtung zur Regelung der zylinderindividuell eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge . Der Begriff „Zylinder" wird hierbei vorliegend für beliebige Brennraumtypen von Brennkraftmaschinen verwendet .The invention relates to a method for the cylinder-specific determination of the injected fuel quantity in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine and to a method and a device for regulating the cylinder-individually injected fuel quantity. The term “cylinder” is used here for any combustion chamber types of internal combustion engines.
Bei mehrzylindrischen Brennkraftmaschinen mit zylinderindividueller Kraftstoffeinspritzung besteht die Anforderung, ein definiertes Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch für jeden Zylinder einzustellen, meist für alle Zylinder möglichst das gleiche Gemisch, d.h. mit gleichem Luft/Kraftstoff-Verhältnis bzw. Lambdawert . Dabei kann es z.B. aufgrund von Fertigungstoleranzen und unterschiedlichem Alterungsverhalten von Einspritzdüsen, die den einzelnen Zylindern zugeordnet sind, und aufgrund von Unterschieden in der für den jeweiligen Zylinder angesaugten Luftmasse zur Bildung unterschiedlicher Gemische in den einzelnen Zylindern auch dann kommen, wenn eigentlich die Bildung gleicher Gemische beabsichtigt ist . Um diese Effekte zu kompensieren, ist eine entsprechende adaptive Regelung der eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge zweckmäßig. Zur Erzielung möglichst gleicher Gemische in den einzelnen Zylinder einer Brennkraftmaschine ist es bekannt, das Ver- brennungsluftverhältnis, d.h. den Lambdawert, im Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine mittels einer Lambdasonde zeitaufgelöst zu messen und abhängig von deren Messsignal die in den jeweiligen Zylinder eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge zu regeln. Bedingt durch die Trägheit von Lambdasonden mit typischen Reaktionszeiten von nicht wesentlich unter 100ms ist es bei dieser Vorgehensweise relativ schwierig, aus den gemessenen Lambda- werten die zylinderspezifischen Abweichungen der eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge zu erkennen und diese den einzelnen Zylindern zuzuordnen. Zudem ist es kaum möglich, die Ursache von Regelabweichungen korrekt zu identifizieren, d.h. ob diese z.B. von unterschiedlichen eingespritzten Kraftstoffmengen oder unterschiedlichen angesaugten Luftmassen verursacht werden.In multi-cylinder internal combustion engines with cylinder-specific fuel injection, there is a requirement to set a defined fuel / air mixture for each cylinder, usually the same mixture for all cylinders if possible, ie with the same air / fuel ratio or lambda value. For example, due to manufacturing tolerances and different aging behavior of injection nozzles that are assigned to the individual cylinders, and due to differences in the air mass drawn in for the respective cylinder, different mixtures can also form in the individual cylinders if the same mixtures are actually formed is intended . In order to compensate for these effects, a corresponding adaptive regulation of the injected fuel quantity is expedient. In order to achieve mixtures that are as identical as possible in the individual cylinders of an internal combustion engine, it is known to measure the combustion air ratio, ie the lambda value, in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine by means of a lambda probe and to regulate the fuel quantity injected into the respective cylinder depending on its measurement signal. Due to the inertia of lambda probes with typical reaction times of not significantly less than 100 ms, it is relatively difficult with this procedure to identify the cylinder-specific deviations of the injected fuel quantity from the measured lambda values and to assign these to the individual cylinders. In addition, it is hardly possible to correctly identify the cause of control deviations, ie whether they are caused, for example, by different injected fuel quantities or different intake air masses.
Der Erfindung liegt als technisches Problem die Bereitstellung eines Verfahrens zur zylinderindividuellen Kraftstoff- einspritzmengenbestimmung sowie eines zugehörigen Verfahrens und einer zugehörigen Vorrichtung zur zylinderindividuellen Kraftstoffeinspritzmengenregelung zugrunde, die mit relativ geringem Aufwand eine vergleichsweise genaue zylinderindividuelle Bestimmung der eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge und eine entsprechend genaue Regelung der in jeden Zylinder eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge ermöglichen.The invention is based on the technical problem of providing a method for cylinder-specific fuel injection quantity determination, as well as an associated method and an associated device for cylinder-specific fuel injection quantity regulation, which, with relatively little effort, enables a comparatively precise cylinder-specific determination of the injected fuel quantity and a correspondingly exact regulation of each cylinder allow the amount of fuel injected.
Die Erfindung löst dieses Problem durch die Bereitstellung eines Verfahrens zur zylinderindividuellen Kraftstoffein- spritzmengenbestimmung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie eines Verfahrens und einer Vorrichtung zur Regelung der eingespritzten KraftStoffmenge mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 2 bzw. 5. Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren zur zylinderindividuellen Kraftstoffeinspritzmengenbestimmung wird ein Abgasdruck der Brennkraftmaschine zeitaufgelöst erfasst und daraus für jeden Zylinder einzeln ein Abgasdruckausstoß ermittelt und zur Bestimmung der im zugehörigen Verbrennungsvorgang des betreffenden Zylinders eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge herangezogen. Der Begriff "zeitaufgelöst" wird dabei vorliegend im Sinne einer Auflösung der betreffenden physikalischen Größe, wie des Abgasdrucks, über den Verlauf eines Arbeitsspiels der Brennkraftmaschine hinweg gebraucht . Bei Brennkraftmaschinen mit Kurbelwelle entspricht dies z.B. einer zum Kurbelwellenwinkel synchronen Auflösung, d.h. dem Begriff "kurbelwellen- winkelaufgelöst" .The invention solves this problem by providing a method for cylinder-specific fuel injection quantity determination with the features of claim 1 and a method and a device for regulating the injected fuel quantity with the features of claims 2 and 5. In the method according to the invention for cylinder-specific fuel injection quantity determination, an exhaust gas pressure of the internal combustion engine is recorded in a time-resolved manner and an exhaust gas pressure output is determined individually for each cylinder and used to determine the fuel quantity injected in the associated combustion process of the relevant cylinder. The term "time-resolved" is used here in the sense of a resolution of the relevant physical variable, such as the exhaust gas pressure, over the course of a working cycle of the internal combustion engine. In internal combustion engines with a crankshaft, this corresponds, for example, to a resolution that is synchronous with the crankshaft angle, that is to say the term “crankshaft angle resolved”.
Dieses Verfahren nutzt die Tatsache, dass übliche Abgasdrucksensoren Reaktionszeiten von typischerweise kleiner als 5ms haben, die insbesondere deutlich geringer sind als die Reaktionszeiten üblicher Lambdasensoren. Dies ermöglicht eine problemlose Erkennung und Zuordnung jedes Abgasdruckausstoßes zum jeweiligen Zylinder. Des weiteren nutzt dieses Verfahren die Erkenntnis, dass die Stärke des Abgasdruckausstoßes ein gutes Maß für die eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge ist.This method makes use of the fact that conventional exhaust gas pressure sensors typically have response times of less than 5 ms, which are in particular significantly shorter than the response times of conventional lambda sensors. This enables problem-free detection and assignment of each exhaust pressure emission to the respective cylinder. Furthermore, this method uses the knowledge that the strength of the exhaust gas pressure output is a good measure of the amount of fuel injected.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren und die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Regelung der zylinderindividuell eingespritzten KraftStoffmenge nutzen das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren zur zylinderindividuellen Kraftstoffeinspritzmengenbestimmung, indem auf diese Weise die tatsächlich eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge zylinderindividuell ermittelt und als Rückführgröße der zylinderindividuellen Einspritzmengenregelung herangezogen wird.The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention for regulating the amount of fuel injected individually into the cylinder use the method according to the invention for determining the amount of fuel injected individually into the cylinder, in that way the actually injected amount of fuel is determined individually for the cylinder and is used as the feedback variable for the injection quantity control for the cylinder.
In einer vorteilhaften Weiterbildung der Erfindung erfolgt die Regelung der zylinderindividuell eingespritzten Kraft- stoffmenge zusätzlich in Abhängigkeit vom im Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine zeitaufgelöst erfassten Verbrennungsluftverhältnis. Die gemessenen Verbrennungsluftverhältniswerte können beispielsweise als Bewertungskriterium für den Wirkungsgrad der Regelung herangezogen werden.In an advantageous development of the invention, the regulation of the individually injected force Amount of substance additionally depending on the combustion air ratio recorded in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine in a time-resolved manner. The measured combustion air ratio values can, for example, be used as an evaluation criterion for the efficiency of the control.
Eine vorteilhafte Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird nachfolgend beschrieben.An advantageous embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawings and is described below.
Hierbei zeigen:Here show:
Fig. 1 ein schematisches Blockdiagramm einer Vorrichtung zur Regelung der zylinderindividuell eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge für eine mehrzylindrische Brennkraftmaschine undFig. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a device for controlling the individually injected fuel quantity for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine and
Fig. 2 eine Diagrammdarstellung zur Veranschaulichung einer zylinderindividuellen Kraftstoffeinspritzmengenbestimmung durch zeitaufgelöste Erfassung von Abgasdruck und Abgaslambdawert und zur davon abhängigen Einspritzmengenregelung mit der Vorrichtung von Fig. 1.FIG. 2 shows a diagram to illustrate a cylinder-specific fuel injection quantity determination by time-resolved detection of exhaust gas pressure and exhaust gas lambda value and for the injection quantity regulation dependent on it with the device from FIG. 1.
Fig. 1 veranschaulicht die Erfindung am Beispiel einer Brennkraftmaschine 1 mit sechs Zylindern, die von herkömmlicher Bauart ist und zusammen mit ihrem zugehörigen Abgastrakt nur schematisch als Funktionsblock wiedergegeben ist. In einem Abgastraktabschnitt, in welchem die Abgaszweige aller sechs Zylinder zusammengeführt sind, sind parallel ein Abgasdrucksensor 2 und eine Lambdasonde 3 jeweils üblicher Bauart angeordnet. Bei der Brennkraftmaschine 1 kann es sich z.B. um einen Dieselmotor mit Direkteinspritzung für ein Kraftfahrzeug handeln. Ein Einspritzregler 4 steuert die Einspritzung von Kraftstoff und damit die Luft/Kraftstoff-Gemischbildung einzeln für jeden Zylinder, wobei er neben anderen relevanten Einspritzparametern insbesondere die Kraftstoffeinspritzmenge für jeden Zylinder einzeln regelt. Hierzu empfängt der Einspritzregler 4 als Eingangsinformationen ein Abgasdrucksignal 5 des Abgasdrucksensors 2 und ein Lambdawert-Bewertungssignal 6 einer Bewertungseinheit 7 und steuert Einspritzdüsen, die den einzelnen Zylindern zugeordnet sind, entsprechend an.Fig. 1 illustrates the invention using the example of an internal combustion engine 1 with six cylinders, which is of conventional design and together with its associated exhaust tract is only shown schematically as a functional block. In an exhaust tract section, in which the exhaust branches of all six cylinders are brought together, an exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 and a lambda probe 3, each of a conventional type, are arranged in parallel. The internal combustion engine 1 can be, for example, a diesel engine with direct injection for a motor vehicle. An injection regulator 4 controls the injection of fuel and thus the air / fuel mixture formation individually for each cylinder, and in addition to other relevant injection parameters, it regulates in particular the fuel injection quantity for each cylinder individually. For this purpose, the injection controller 4 receives as input information an exhaust gas pressure signal 5 from the exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 and a lambda value evaluation signal 6 from an evaluation unit 7 and controls injection nozzles which are assigned to the individual cylinders accordingly.
Mit dem Abgasdrucksensor 2 wird der Druck des von der Brennkraftmaschine 1 emittierten Abgases zeitaufgelöst erfasst. Fig. 2 zeigt im oberen Diagramm einen typischen Zeitverlauf des vom Abgasdrucksensor 2 gemessenen Abgasdrucks über ein Arbeitsspiel der Brennkraftmaschine 1, d.h. über 720° Kurbelwellenwinkel, wobei der Zeitverlauf auf der Abszisse in Grad Kurbelwellenwinkel (KW) abgetragen ist.The exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 detects the pressure of the exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine 1 in a time-resolved manner. 2 shows in the upper diagram a typical time profile of the exhaust gas pressure measured by the exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 over a work cycle of the internal combustion engine 1, i.e. over 720 ° crankshaft angle, with the time course on the abscissa in degrees crankshaft angle (KW).
Die Lambdasonde 3 erfasst zeitaufgelöst das Verbrennungs- luftverhältnis des Brennkraftmaschinenabgases. Fig. 2 zeigt im unteren Diagramm einen typischen Verlauf des von der Lambdasonde 3 gemessenen Abgaslambdawertes zeitsynchron, d.h. kurbelwellenwinkelsynchron, zum gemessenen Abgasdruckverlauf im oberen Diagramm für das gleiche Arbeitsspiel. Das Messbeispiel von Fig. 2 bezieht sich auf einen Fall, bei dem der Brennkraftmaschine 1 ein Abgasturbolader zugeordnet ist und sich der Abgasdrucksensor 2 und die Abgaslambdasonde 3 stromaufwärts vor einer Abgasturbine des Abgasturboladers im Abgastrakt befinden.The lambda probe 3 detects the combustion air ratio of the internal combustion engine exhaust gas in a time-resolved manner. 2 shows in the lower diagram a typical course of the exhaust gas lambda value measured by the lambda probe 3 in a time-synchronous manner, i.e. synchronized with crankshaft angle, to the measured exhaust gas pressure curve in the upper diagram for the same work cycle. The measurement example of FIG. 2 relates to a case in which an exhaust gas turbocharger is assigned to the internal combustion engine 1 and the exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 and the exhaust gas lambda probe 3 are located upstream in front of an exhaust gas turbine of the exhaust gas turbocharger in the exhaust tract.
Wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich, wird ein von der Lambdasonde 3 abgegebenes Abgaslambdasignal 8 der Bewertungseinheit 7 zugeführt, und zwar unverzögert als Abgasla bdawert eines momentanen Bewertungsintervalls k an einem ersten Eingang der Bewertungseinheit 7 und parallel dazu als verzögerter Abgaslambdawert eines vorherigen Bewertungsintervalls k-1 an einem zweiten Eingang der Bewertungseinheit 7, wobei als Bewertungsintervall vorzugsweise jeweils ein Arbeitsspiel gewählt wird. Zur Erzeugung des verzögerten Abgaslambda- signals ist dem zweiten Eingang der Bewertungseinheit 7 eine entsprechende Verzögerungseinheit 9 vorgeschaltet.As can be seen from FIG. 1, an exhaust gas lambda signal 8 emitted by the lambda probe 3 is fed to the evaluation unit 7, specifically without delay as the exhaust gas load value of a current evaluation interval k at a first input of the Evaluation unit 7 and in parallel as a delayed exhaust gas lambda value of a previous evaluation interval k-1 at a second input of the evaluation unit 7, with one working cycle preferably being selected as the evaluation interval. A corresponding delay unit 9 is connected upstream of the second input of the evaluation unit 7 in order to generate the delayed exhaust gas lambda signal.
Wie aus dem Abgasdruckdiagramm von Fig. 2 ersichtlich, weist das über ein Arbeitsspiel gemessene Abgasdrucksignal des Abgasdrucksensors 2 einen Spitzenwertbereich (Peak) P auf. Wegen der sehr kurzen Reaktionszeit des Abgasdrucksensors 2 von typischerweise kleiner als 5ms, die insbesondere sehr klein im Vergleich zur Dauer eines Arbeitsspiels ist, ist der Peak P im zeitlichen Verlauf des gemessenen Abgasdrucksignals deutlich und unterscheidbar zu erkennen und kann eindeutig einem jeweiligen Verbrennungsvorgang in einem betreffenden Zylinder zugeordnet werden. Im Vergleich dazu zeigt der gemessene Abgaslambdawert aufgrund der deutlich längeren Ansprechzeit der Lambdasonde 3 von ca. 100ms einen gleichförmigeren Verlauf mit einem Minimumbereich, der mit dem zum Abgasdruck-Peak P gehörigen Verbrennungsvorgang korreliert ist, jedoch um die längere Reaktionszeit gegenüber dem Abgasdruck Peak P verzögert erscheint. Die Korrelation ist in Fig. 2 mit einem dicken Strichpfeil K angedeutet.As can be seen from the exhaust gas pressure diagram of FIG. 2, the exhaust gas pressure signal of the exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 measured over a working cycle has a peak value range (peak) P. Because of the very short reaction time of the exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 of typically less than 5 ms, which is in particular very small compared to the duration of a work cycle, the peak P can be clearly and differentially recognized in the course of the measured exhaust gas pressure signal over time and can clearly identify a particular combustion process in a particular one Cylinders can be assigned. In comparison, the measured exhaust gas lambda value shows a more uniform course with a minimum range due to the significantly longer response time of the lambda probe 3 of approx. 100 ms, which is correlated with the combustion process associated with the exhaust gas pressure peak P, but is delayed by the longer reaction time compared to the exhaust gas pressure peak P. appears. The correlation is indicated in FIG. 2 with a thick dash arrow K.
Aus Fig. 2 ist somit deutlich zu erkennen, dass sich der Abgasdruck-Peak P, der auf einen Abgasdruckausstoß eines jeweiligen Zylinders zurückgeht, sehr gut für eine zylinderindividuelle Zuordnung eignet. Da es sich gleichzeitig zeigt, dass die Stärke des Abgasdruck-Peaks P in guter Näherung proportional zu der für den zugehörigen Verbrennungsvorgang eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge ist, bildet das Abgasdrucksignal 5 des Abgasdrucksensors 2 ein gutes und brauchbares Eingangssignal für den Einspritzregler 4, aus dem dieser die tatsächlich in den jeweiligen Zylinder eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge ermittelt.It can thus be clearly seen from FIG. 2 that the exhaust gas pressure peak P, which is due to an exhaust gas pressure output of a respective cylinder, is very well suited for a cylinder-specific assignment. Since it is shown at the same time that the strength of the exhaust gas pressure peak P is, to a good approximation, proportional to the amount of fuel injected for the associated combustion process, the exhaust gas pressure signal 5 of the exhaust gas pressure sensor 2 forms good and usable input signal for the injection regulator 4, from which it determines the fuel quantity actually injected into the respective cylinder.
Der Einspritzregler 4 bildet dann in üblicher Weise die Differenz des über das Abgasdrucksensorsignal 5 ermittelten Einspritzmengen-Istwertes zylinderindividuell mit einem für den betreffenden Zylinder vorgegebenen Einspritzmengen- Sollwert als Regelabweichung, um davon abhängig die Einspritzmenge für jeden Zylinder einzustellen. Insbesondere kann die im Einspritzregler 4 implementierte Einspritzregelung die Maßnahme beinhalten, zylinderspezifische Kraftstoffmengenabweichungen auszugleichen. Bei gegebenem Arbeitspunkt der Brennkraftmaschine 1 können auf diese Weise effektiv gleiche Kraftstoffmengen in die verschiedenen Zylinder eingespritzt werden, auch wenn dazu beispielsweise aufgrund von Fertigungstoleranzen und unterschiedlichem Alterungsverhalten der einzelnen Einspritzdüsen und etwaigen zylinderindividuellen Unterschieden in der angesaugten Luftmasse unterschiedliche Einstellungen der einzelnen Einspritzdüsen erforderlich sind.The injection controller 4 then customarily forms the difference between the actual injection quantity value determined via the exhaust gas pressure sensor signal 5 with an injection quantity target value specified for the relevant cylinder as a control deviation, in order to adjust the injection quantity for each cylinder as a function thereof. In particular, the injection control implemented in the injection regulator 4 can include the measure of compensating for cylinder-specific fuel quantity deviations. At a given operating point of the internal combustion engine 1, the same amounts of fuel can be effectively injected into the various cylinders in this way, even if different settings of the individual injectors are required, for example, due to manufacturing tolerances and different aging behavior of the individual injectors and any cylinder-specific differences in the intake air mass.
Zusätzlich macht der Einspritzregler 4 für die Einspritzregelung vom Abgaslambdawert-Bewertungssignal 6 Gebrauch, indem er dieses als Bewertungskriterium für den Wirkungsgrad der Regelung heranzieht. Speziell besteht die Absicht darin, ein in seinem zeitlichen Verlauf möglichst gleichbleibendes, flaches Abgaslambdawertsignal zu erzielen. Dazu vergleicht die Bewertungseinheit 7 den aktuell gemessenen Abgaslambdawert mit dem geeignet, vorzugsweise um ein Arbeitsspiel, verzögerten, früher gemessenen Abgaslambdawert und bewertet das Vergleichsergebnis im Sinne einer Angleichung. Dies bedeutet, dass der Einspritzregler 4 die Einspritzparameter zum einen in Abhängigkeit vom Abgasdrucksensorsignal 5 zwecks Erzielung definierter, vorzugsweise gleicher Einspritzmengen für die einzelnen Zylinder und zum anderen in Abhängigkeit vom Bewertungssignal 6 zwecks Erzielung eines möglichst gleichmäßigen zeitlichen Verlaufs des Abgaslambdawertes einstellt.In addition, the injection controller 4 makes use of the exhaust gas lambda value evaluation signal 6 for the injection control by using this as an evaluation criterion for the efficiency of the control. In particular, the intention is to achieve a flat exhaust gas lambda value signal that is as constant as possible over time. For this purpose, the evaluation unit 7 compares the currently measured exhaust gas lambda value with the suitable exhaust gas lambda value, which was delayed earlier, preferably by one working cycle, and evaluates the comparison result in terms of an adjustment. This means that the injection controller 4, on the one hand, as a function of the exhaust gas pressure sensor signal 5, in order to achieve the injection parameters defines defined, preferably identical, injection quantities for the individual cylinders and, on the other hand, as a function of the evaluation signal 6, in order to achieve the most uniform possible temporal course of the exhaust gas lambda value.
Wie das oben erläuterte Ausführungsbeispiel deutlich macht, ermöglicht die Erfindung durch Nutzung des zeitaufgelösten Messsignals eines Abgasdrucksensors eine zuverlässige zylinderindividuelle Bestimmung der eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge und eine darauf basierende Regelung der zylinderindividuell eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge, vorzugsweise unter zusätzlicher Berücksichtigung des zeitaufgelösten Messsignals einer Abgaslambdasonde .As the exemplary embodiment explained above makes clear, by using the time-resolved measurement signal of an exhaust gas pressure sensor, the invention enables a reliable cylinder-specific determination of the injected fuel quantity and a regulation of the cylinder-individually injected fuel quantity based thereon, preferably with additional consideration of the time-resolved measurement signal of an exhaust gas lambda probe.
Die Erfindung eignet sich zum Einsatz bei Dieselmotoren mit Direkteinspritzung, wie erwähnt, darüber hinaus aber auch bei beliebigen anderen mehrzylindrischen Brennkraftmaschinen. Durch das geregelte Einstellen eines definierten Luft/Kraftstoff-Gemischs in jedem Zylinder lässt sich eine gute Zylindergleichstellung erreichen, was sich günstig auf das Emissionsverhalten der Brennkraftmaschine auswirkt. Die Anwendung der Erfindung ist relativ kostengünstig, da die benötigten Systemkomponenten, wie Abgasdrucksensor, Abgas- lambdasonde und Einspritzregler, an sich bekannt und häufig bereits in Brennkraftmaschinen verbaut sind, so dass nur die entsprechenden Verfahrensschritte bzw. Regelungsalgorithmen implementiert werden müssen. Durch die Erfindung lässt sich die Wechselwirkung zwischen Laufruheregelung (LRR) bzw. Kraftstoffbalancesteuerung (Fuel Balancing Control; FBC) und Lambdaregelung kontrollieren und betriebspunktabhängig optimieren.The invention is suitable for use in diesel engines with direct injection, as mentioned, but also in any other multi-cylinder internal combustion engine. By adjusting a defined air / fuel mixture in each cylinder in a controlled manner, good cylinder equalization can be achieved, which has a favorable effect on the emission behavior of the internal combustion engine. The application of the invention is relatively inexpensive because the required system components, such as exhaust gas pressure sensor, exhaust gas lambda probe and injection regulator, are known per se and are often already installed in internal combustion engines, so that only the corresponding method steps or control algorithms have to be implemented. The interaction between the smooth running control (LRR) or the fuel balance control (FBC) and the lambda control can be checked and optimized depending on the operating point.
Die Anwendung der Erfindung und insbesondere der erfindungs- gemäßen Regelung der zylinderindividuell eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge ermöglicht die Berücksichtigung von Alters-, Verschleiß- und Verschmutzungseffekten und somit deren Reduzierung im Laufe der Betriebszeit einer Brennkraftmaschine, indem sie in der Lage ist, solche Effekte adaptiv zu kompensieren. The application of the invention and in particular of the inventive regulation of the individually injected cylinders The amount of fuel enables the effects of age, wear and pollution to be taken into account, and thus their reduction over the course of the operating time of an internal combustion engine, by being able to adaptively compensate for such effects.

Claims

DaimlerChrysler AGDaimlerChrysler AG
Patentansprücheclaims
Verfahren zur zylinderindividuellen Bestimmung der eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge bei einer mehrzylindrischen Brennkraftmaschine (1) , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Abgasdruck der Brennkraftmaschine (1) zeitaufgelöst erfasst wird und daraus für jeden Zylinder einzeln ein Abgasdruckausstoß (P) ermittelt und zur Bestimmung der im zugehörigen Verbrennungsvorgang des betreffenden Zylinders eingespritzten KraftStoffmenge herangezogen wird.Method for the cylinder-specific determination of the amount of fuel injected in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine (1), characterized in that an exhaust gas pressure of the internal combustion engine (1) is recorded in a time-resolved manner and an exhaust gas pressure output (P) is determined individually for each cylinder and for determining the associated combustion process of the relevant one Cylinder injected amount of fuel is used.
Verfahren zur Regelung der zylinderindividuell eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge bei einer mehrzylindrischen Brennkraftmaschine (1) , dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass - ein Abgasdruck der Brennkraftmaschine (1) zeitaufgelöst erfasst wird und daraus für jeden Zylinder einzeln ein Abgasdruckausstoß (P) und aus diesem die in den betreffenden Zylinder eingespritzte Kraftstoffmenge ermittelt wird und - die Menge an in den betreffenden Zylinder einzuspritzendem Kraftstoff in Abhängigkeit von dem so ermittelten Kraftstoffeinspritzmengen-Istwert eingestellt wird.Method for regulating the amount of fuel injected individually for a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine (1), characterized in that - an exhaust gas pressure of the internal combustion engine (1) is recorded in a time-resolved manner and an exhaust gas pressure output (P) for each cylinder and from this the exhaust gas pressure injected into the relevant cylinder Amount of fuel is determined and - the amount of fuel to be injected into the relevant cylinder depending on the above determined actual fuel injection quantity is set.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 2, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein Verbrennungsluftverhältnis im Abgas derThe method of claim 2, further characterized in that a combustion air ratio in the exhaust gas
Brennkraftmaschine (1) zeitaufgelöst erfasst und dieInternal combustion engine (1) recorded time-resolved and the
Menge an in den betreffenden Zylinder einzuspritzendemAmount of fuel to be injected into the cylinder in question
Kraftstoff zusätzlich in Abhängigkeit vom so erfasstenFuel additionally depending on the so recorded
Verbrennungsluftverhältnis des Abgases eingestellt wird.Combustion air ratio of the exhaust gas is set.
Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, weiter dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Menge an in den betreffenden Zylinder einzuspritzendem Kraftstoff in Abhängigkeit von einem aktuell erfassten Verbrennungsluftverhältniswert und einem früher erfassten, verzögertenThe method of claim 3, further characterized in that the amount of fuel to be injected into the cylinder in question is delayed depending on a currently sensed combustion air ratio value and a previously sensed one
Verbrennungsluftverhältniswert des Abgases eingestellt wird.Combustion air ratio value of the exhaust gas is set.
Vorrichtung zur Regelung der zylinderindividuell eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge bei einer mehrzylindrischen Brennkraftmaschine, mit - einem Einspritzregler (4) , gekennzeichnet durch einen Abgasdrucksensor (2) zur zeitaufgelösten Erfassung eines Abgasdrucks der Brennkraftmaschine (1) , wobei der Einspritzregler (4) daraus für jeden Zylinder einzeln einen Abgasdruckausstoß ermittelt und zur Bestimmung der im zugehörigen Verbrennungsvorgang des betreffenden Zylinders eingespritzten Kraftstoffmenge heranzieht und die Menge an in den betreffenden Zylinder einzuspritzen- dem Kraftstoff in Abhängigkeit vom so ermittelten Kraftstoffmengen-Istwert einstellt .Device for regulating the amount of fuel injected individually in a multi-cylinder internal combustion engine, with - an injection regulator (4), characterized by an exhaust gas pressure sensor (2) for the time-resolved detection of an exhaust gas pressure of the internal combustion engine (1), the injection regulator (4) individually including one for each cylinder Exhaust gas pressure output determined and used to determine the amount of fuel injected in the associated combustion process of the relevant cylinder and the amount of injected into the relevant cylinder. the fuel as a function of the fuel quantity actual value determined in this way.
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, weiter gekennzeichnet durch eine Abgaslambdasonde (3) zum zeitaufgelösten Erfassen eines Verbrennungsluft- verhältnisses im Abgas der Brennkraftmaschine, wobei der Einspritzregler (4) die Menge an in den jeweiligen Zylinder einzuspritzendem Kraftstoff zusätzlich in Abhängigkeit vom so erfassten Verbrennungsluftverhältnis des Abgases einstellt.Apparatus according to claim 5, further characterized by an exhaust gas lambda probe (3) for time-resolved detection of a combustion air ratio in the exhaust gas of the internal combustion engine, the injection controller (4) additionally adjusting the amount of fuel to be injected into the respective cylinder as a function of the combustion air ratio of the exhaust gas thus determined ,
Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, weiter gekennzeichnet durch eine Bewertungseinheit (7) zur Bewertung des zeitlichen Verlaufs des von der Abgas- lambdasonde erfassten Verbrennungsluftverhältnisses anhand eines aktuell gemessenen Verbrennungsluftver- hältniswertes und eines früher gemessenen, verzögerten Verbrennungsluftverhältniswertes, wobei der Einspritzregler den Einspritzvorgang für den jeweiligen Zylinder zusätzlich in Abhängigkeit von einem von der Bewertungseinheit abgegebenen Bewertungssignal (6) einstellt. Apparatus according to claim 6, further characterized by an evaluation unit (7) for evaluating the temporal profile of the combustion air ratio detected by the exhaust gas lambda probe on the basis of a currently measured combustion air ratio value and a previously measured, delayed combustion air ratio value, the injection controller performing the injection process for the respective cylinder additionally in dependence on an evaluation signal (6) emitted by the evaluation unit.
EP04820413A 2003-12-12 2004-12-02 Method and device for the cylinder-specific determination and regulation of a fuel-injection quantity Withdrawn EP1700022A1 (en)

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DE102013017799A1 (en) * 2013-10-25 2015-04-30 GM Global Technology Operations LLC (n. d. Gesetzen des Staates Delaware) Determining the effective air-fuel ratio of a supercharged internal combustion engine with purge air

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