EP1683804B1 - Platinum complex and luminescent element - Google Patents

Platinum complex and luminescent element Download PDF

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EP1683804B1
EP1683804B1 EP04817419.7A EP04817419A EP1683804B1 EP 1683804 B1 EP1683804 B1 EP 1683804B1 EP 04817419 A EP04817419 A EP 04817419A EP 1683804 B1 EP1683804 B1 EP 1683804B1
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ring
group
optionally substituted
light
represent
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French (fr)
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EP1683804A2 (en
EP1683804A4 (en
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Hisanori c/o Central Research Lab. ITOH
Yuji c/o Central Research Lab. NAKAYAMA
Takeshi c/o Central Research Lab. IWATA
Yoshimasa c/o Central Research Lab. MATSUSHIMA
Yoji c/o Central Research Lab. HORI
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Takasago International Corp
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Takasago International Corp
Takasago Perfumery Industry Co
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    • C07D213/02—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members
    • C07D213/04—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom
    • C07D213/60—Heterocyclic compounds containing six-membered rings, not condensed with other rings, with one nitrogen atom as the only ring hetero atom and three or more double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members having no bond between the ring nitrogen atom and a non-ring member or having only hydrogen or carbon atoms directly attached to the ring nitrogen atom with hetero atoms or with carbon atoms having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most one bond to halogen, e.g. ester or nitrile radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D277/22—Heterocyclic compounds containing 1,3-thiazole or hydrogenated 1,3-thiazole rings not condensed with other rings having two or three double bonds between ring members or between ring members and non-ring members with only hydrogen atoms, hydrocarbon or substituted hydrocarbon radicals, directly attached to ring carbon atoms
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    • C07D401/14—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings, having nitrogen atoms as the only ring hetero atoms, at least one ring being a six-membered ring with only one nitrogen atom containing three or more hetero rings
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    • H05B33/14—Light sources with substantially two-dimensional radiating surfaces characterised by the chemical or physical composition or the arrangement of the electroluminescent material, or by the simultaneous addition of the electroluminescent material in or onto the light source
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Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a platinum complex useful as a material for use in a light-emitting device capable of emitting light by conversion of electric energy to light.
  • the platinum complex of the invention is useful as a novel light-emitting material that may be used suitably in the fields, for example, of display devices, display units, back lights, electrophotography, illumination light sources, recording light sources, exposure light sources, light sources for reading, signboards, and interiors.
  • organic electroluminescence devices (hereinafter simply referred to as "organic EL device”) have attracted attention as prospective display devices in the next generation since they may obtain light emission of high luminance at low voltage. Since the organic EL device has higher response speed compared with liquid crystals used so far and emits light by itself, it does not require a back light as in existent liquid crystals and may form a flat panel display of an extremely reduced thickness.
  • the organic EL device is a light-emitting device utilizing the electroluminescence phenomenon and, while it is identical with LED in view of the principle, it has a feature in that an organic compound is used as a light-emitting material.
  • organic EL devices using such an organic compound as a light-emitting material an organic EL device utilizing a multi-layered thin film by a vapor deposition method has been reported.
  • light emission characteristics are improved remarkably compared with existent mono-layered device by using tris(8-hydroxy quinolinate-O,N)aluminum (Alq 3 ) as an electron-transporting material and laminating it with a hole-transporting material (for example, aromatic amine compound).
  • Alq 3 tris(8-hydroxy quinolinate-O,N)aluminum
  • the phosphorescence emission is an emission phenomenon from an excited triplet state caused from the excited singlet state by radiationless transition referred to as an inter-state crossing, and it is known to show higher quantum efficiency compared with the fluorescence emission as an emission phenomenon from the excited singlet state. It is expected that a high luminous efficiency may be attained by using the organic compound showing such a property as the light-emitting material.
  • the platinum complex is a red phosphorescent material of high color purity
  • the external quantum efficiency is about 4% and further improvement for the luminous efficiency is demanded.
  • an ortho-metalated platinum complex using a compound having an arylpyridine skeleton as a ligand and using platinum as the metal is useful as a phosphorescent material (Patent Document 2) and a platinum complex using a biaryl skeleton compound as a ligand has also be reported (Patent Document 3).
  • the present invention has as an object to provide a novel platinum complex which is useful as a material for use in light-emitting devices of good light emission characteristics and luminous efficiency. Further, the present invention has as an object to provide a novel light-emitting material that may be utilized in various fields.
  • the present invention relates to a platinum complex represented by the following general formula (1): wherein two rings of ring A, ring B, ring C and ring D represent nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings which may have subsituent(s) chosen from pyridine ring, diazine ring, triazine ring, pyrrole ring, diazole ring, triazole ring, thiazole ring, thiadiazole ring, oxazole ring, oxadiazole ring, benzothiazine ring, and benzopyrrole group which may have substituent(s) and the remaining two rings represent optionally substituted aryl rings or heteroaryl rings, selected from optionally substituted benzene ring, optionally substituted pyridine ring,
  • the present invention relates to a platinum complex represented by the following general formula (2): wherein R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 each represent independently alkyl group, halogenated alkyl group, aralkyl group, aryl group, amino group, mono- or di-alkyl amino group, mono or di-aralkyl amino group, mono- or di-aryl amino group, alkoxy group, aralkyloxy group, aryloxy group or heteroaryloxy group, and R 6 and R 7 , R 6 and R 8 and/or R 7 and R 9 may form condensed rings; m 1 , m 2 , m 3 , and m 4 each represent the number of R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 and independently represent an integer of 0 to 3; in a case where each of m 1 , m 2 , m 3 , and m 4 is an integer of 2 or greater, plural R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 may
  • the present invention relates to a light-emitting device in which a light-emitting layer or a plurality of thin organic compound layers containing the light-emitting layer are formed between a pair of electrodes, wherein at least one layer is a layer containing at least one kind of platinum complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2).
  • the platinum complex of the present invention is useful as a light-emitting material and, particularly, may prepare an organic EL device having high light emission characteristic, high luminous efficiency, and high durability as a material for use in the organic EL.
  • the platinum complex of the invention is to be described specifically.
  • the platinum complex represented by the general formula (1) of the invention is a platinum complex compound having a tetra-dentate ligand comprising the ring A, ring B, ring C and ring D.
  • the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring which may have substituent(s) in the ring A, the ring B, the ring C, and the ring D is a heterocyclic ring selected from pyridine ring, diazine ring, triazine ring, pyrrole ring, diazole ring, triazole ring, thiazole ring, thiadiazole ring, oxazole ring, oxadiazole ring, benzothiazine ring, and benzopyrrole group which may have substituent(s).
  • One or more hydrogen atoms on the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring in the ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D of the platinum complex represented by the general formula (1) may be substituted with substituent(s). While the substituent is not particularly restricted so long as it is a group not giving undesired effects on the light emission characteristics, it may include preferably those groups described for R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 in the platinum complex represented by the general formula (2) to be describe later.
  • the remaining two rings represent optionally substituted aryl rings or heteroaryl rings, selected from optionally substituted benzene ring, optionally substituted pyridine ring, optionally substituted diazine ring, optionally substituted triazine ring, optionally substituted pyrrole ring, optionally substituted diazole ring, optionally substituted furan ring, optionally substituted thiophene ring, optionally substituted naphthalene ring, optionally substituted benzopyridine ring, optionally substituted benzodiazine ring, optionally substituted benzofuran ring, and optionally substituted benzothiophene ring, or condensed rings where one or two of the 5- or 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon rings or aromatic heterocyclic rings are condensed to said rings.
  • One or more hydrogen atoms on the aryl ring or the heteroaryl ring in the ring A, ring B, ring C, ring D of the platinum complex represented by the general formula (1) may be substituted with substituent(s).
  • the substituent is not particularly restricted so long as it gives no undesired effect on the light emission characteristic and includes preferably those groups to be described for R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 in the platinum complex represented by the general formula (2) to be described later.
  • bivalent atom (group) represented by Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 in the general formula (1) is
  • the bivalent atom (group) represented by the Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 in the invention exist as a spacer for connecting four ring groups and are independently a bivalent atom (group) chosen from oxygen atom or -NR 3 - (wherein R 3 is alkyl group, aralkyl group or aryl group), or single bond providing that Q 1 , Q 2 and Q 3 do not represent single bond simultaneously.
  • a preferred form of the platinum complex of the invention includes, for example, platinum complex represented by the general formula (2).
  • the alkyl group represented by R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 includes, for example, linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl groups of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably, 1 to 20 carbon atoms and, more preferably, 1 to 10 carbon atoms and specific examples include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-hexyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, n-octyl group, n-decyl group, n-hexadecyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclopentyl group, and cyclohexyl group.
  • the halogenated alkyl group includes, those groups in which one or more of hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group described above are substituted with halogen atom(s) such as a fluorine atom or chlorine atom and specifically includes, for example, perfluoroalkyl groups such as a trifluoro methyl group and pentafluoro ethyl group.
  • the aralkyl group includes those groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl groups described above are substituted with the aryl group described above (the aryl group may have a substituent such as the alkyl group described above, the alkoxyl group or halogen atom to be described later).
  • a preferred aralkyl group includes arylated alkyl groups of 7 to 30, preferably, 7 to 20 and, more preferably, 7 to 15 carbon atoms which may have substituent(s), and specific examples include, for example, benzyl group, 4-methylbenzyl group, 4-methoxybenzyl group, and 1-phenethyl group.
  • the aryl group includes aryl groups of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably, 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and, more preferably, 6 to 12 carbon atoms and specific examples include, for example, phenyl group, tolyl group, naphthyl group, and anthrnyl group.
  • the aryl group may have substituent(s) such as the alkyl group described above and alkoxy group and halogen atom to be described later.
  • the mono- or di-alkyl amino group includes amino groups in which one or two hydrogen atoms are substituted by the alkyl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, methylamino group, dimethylamino group, and diethylamino group.
  • the mono- or di-aralkyl amino group includes amino groups in which one or two hydrogen atoms are substituted by the aralkyl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, benzylamino group, dibenzylamino group, and 1-phenylethylamino group.
  • the mono- or di-aryl amino group includes amino groups in which one or two hydrogen atoms are substituted by the aryl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, phenylamino group, diphenylamino group, ditolylamino group, and phenylnaphthylamino group.
  • the alkoxy group includes those groups in which an oxygen atom is bonded to the alkyl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group, and 2-ethylhexyloxy group.
  • the aralkyloxy group includes those groups in which an oxygen atom is bonded to the aralkyl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, benzyloxy group and 1-phenetyloxy group.
  • the aryloxy group includes those groups in which an oxygen atom is bonded to the aryl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, phenoxy group, tolyloxy group, and naphthyloxy group.
  • the heteroaryloxy group includes those groups in which an oxygen atom is bonded to the heteroaryl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, 2-pyridyloxy group, 2-pyradinyloxy group, 2-pyrimidinyloxy group, and 2-quinolyloxy group.
  • the subbstitients described above may further be substituted.
  • a group of R 6 , a group of R 7 , a group of R 8 , and a group of R 9 may respectively join to each other to form a condensed ring structure or, further, R 6 and R 7 , R 5 and R 8 or/and R 7 and R 9 may join to each other to form a condensed ring structure.
  • Specific examples of the condensed ring include, for example, phenanthrene ring, fluorene-9-on ring, 1,10-phenanthroline ring and 4,5-diazafluorene-9-on ring.
  • m 1 , m 2 , m 3 , and m 4 each represent the number for R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 and each represent independently an integer of 0 to 3. In a case where each of m 1 , m 2 , m 3 , and m 4 is an integer of 2 or greater, plural R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , and R 9 may be same or different with each other.
  • the platinum complex (1) ⁇ or platinum complex (2) ⁇ of the invention may be manufactured easily by reacting a complex precursor and a compound represented by the general formula (3) (hereinafter simply referred to as compound (3)) ⁇ or a compound represented by general formula (4) (hereinafter simply referred to as compound (4)) ⁇ under the presence of an appropriate solvent and, optionally, in an inert gas atmosphere as described in the following scheme 1.
  • the complex precursor in the scheme 1 may either be an inorganic platinum compound or an organic platinum complex.
  • Preferred inorganic platinum compound includes PtY 2 (Y represents a halogen atom here and hereinafter) and M 2 PtY 4 (M represents an alkali metal here and hereinafter).
  • the halogen atom represented by Y includes a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, etc.
  • the alkali metal represented by M includes lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.
  • Specific examples of the inorganic platinum compound include, for example, platinum (II) chloride, platinum (II) bromide, sodium chloro platinate (II), potassium chloro platinate (II), potassium bromo platinate (II), etc.
  • Preferred organic platinum complexes include, for example, organic platinum complexes represented, by the following general formula (5): Pt(J) n4 Y 2 (5) (in which J represents a neural ligand, n4 represents 1 or 2. ).
  • one of the neutral ligands represented by J includes non-conjugated diene compounds, the diene compound may be cyclic or acyclic.
  • the non-conjugated diene compound is a cyclic non-conjugated diene compound, it may be monocyclic, polycyclic, condensed ring, or bicyclo ring.
  • n4 is 1.
  • non-conjugated diene compound may also be a non-conjugated diene compound substituted with substituent(s), that is, a substituted non-conjugated diene compound.
  • the substituent is not particularly restricted so long as this is a substituent not giving undesired effects on the manufacturing method of the compound of the invention and includes, for example, those groups same as the substituent described specifically in the explanation for the platinum complex as the example of the substituent.
  • Preferred specific examples of the non-conjugated diene compound include, for example, 1,5-cyclooctanediene, bicyclo[2,2,1]hepta-2,5-diene, and 1,5-hexadiene.
  • neutral ligands than the non-conjugated diene compounds include monodentate neutral ligand and include, more specifically, nitriles such as acetonitrile or benzonitrile, sulfides such as diethyl sulfide, tertiary phosphines such as triphenyl phosphine, tertiary amines such as pyridine, and monoenes such as ethylene.
  • n4 is 2.
  • the halogen atom represented by Y includes fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, etc. and, chlorine atom and bromine atom are particularly preferred.
  • platinum complex represented by the general formula (1) and the platinum complex represented by the general formula (2) include, for example, the compounds shown below but not restricted to them.
  • both of the compound (3) and the compound (4) are collectively referred to as a tetra-dentate ligand.
  • the amount of the tetra-dentate ligand is usually from 0.5 to 20 equivalents, preferably, from 0.8 to 10 equivalents and, more preferably, from 1.0 to 2.0 equivalents based on the complex precursor.
  • solvent includes, for example, amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, formamide, and N,N-dimethylacetamide, cyano-containing organic compounds such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and o-dichlorobenzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, and cyclohexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, dimethoxy ethane, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert
  • the solvent may be used each alone or two or more of them may be used being combined properly. More preferred solvent includes amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide, cyano-containing organic compounds such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, ethers such as ethylene glycol diethyl ether, tetrahyfrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, and 1,3-dioxane, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, n-butanol, and 2-ethoxyethanol, polyols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, and glycerine, esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl
  • the solvent may be used each alone or two or more of them may be used being combined properly.
  • the amount of the solvent to be used is not particularly restricted so long as it may proceed the reaction sufficiently and it is properly selected from a range usually from 1 to 200 times by volume and, preferably, from 1 to 50 times by volume based on the complex precursor.
  • the reaction temperature is properly selected within a range usually from 25 to 300°C, preferably, from 60 to 250°C, and, more preferably, from 80 to 200°C.
  • the reaction time is naturally different depending on the reaction conditions such as the reaction temperature, the solvent and the base, and it is properly selected within a range usually from 10 minutes to 72 hours, preferably, from 30 minutes to 48 hours and, more preferably, from 1 to 12 hours.
  • the platinum complex of the invention may be obtained by optionally carrying out post treatment, isolation and purification after the reaction.
  • the method of the post treatment includes, for example, extraction of reaction products, filtration of precipitates, crystallization by the addition of a solvent and removal of the solvent by distillation.
  • the post treatments may be conducted each alone or in combination.
  • the method of isolation and purification includes, for example, column chromatography, recrystallization and sublimation and they may be conducted each alone or in combination.
  • the compound (3) and the compound (4) are tetra-dentate ligand having two nitrogen atoms capable of coordination to the platinum metal and two sites capable of bonding to the platinum metal.
  • Ring A, ring B, ring C, ring D, X 1 X 2 , X 3 X 4 , Z 1 , Z 2 , Z 3 , Z 4 , Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , m 1 , m 2 , m 3 , and m 4 in the general formula (3) and the general formula (4) are same as those in the compound (1) and the compound (2) as described above.
  • Specific examples of the compound (3) and the compound (4) include those compounds in which the platinum metal is removed from the specific example of the platinum compound in the invention described above, and a hydrogen atom is added each by one to the atom in covalent bond with the platinum atom.
  • the tetra-dentate ligand of the invention may be synthesized by carrying out various coupling reactions and other known reactions to aromatic compounds which were known prior to the filing of the present application.
  • the coupling reaction used herein includes, for example, carbon-hetero atom bond forming reactions such as aryl amination and aryl etherfication of using a transition metal, and Ullmann reaction, carbon-carbon bond forming reaction such as Grignard coupling, Negishi coupling, Suzuki coupling, etc. Further, reactions, for example, condensation reaction such as esterification and silyl esterification and halogenation may also be used.
  • An example of the preparation method for the tetra-dentate ligand of the invention is to be shown below. Since the synthetic method is quite different depending on the structure of the tetra-dentate ligand, the synthetic method described below is merely an example and the preparation method of the tetra-dentate of the invention is not restricted to the method.
  • the platinum complex (1) and the platinum complex (2) of the invention are useful as a phosphorescent material in light-emitting devices, particularly, organic EL devices.
  • the light-emitting device using the platinum complex (1) and the platinum complex (2) of the invention is to be described.
  • the system, the driving method and the mode of use are not particularly restricted for the light-emitting device so long as this is a device utilizing the platinum complex of the invention, those utilizing the light emission from the platinum complex or those utilizing the platinum complex as the charge transporting material are preferred.
  • Typical light-emitting device includes organic EL devices.
  • the light-emitting device containing the platinum complex of the invention contains at least one kind of platinum complex and, at least one kind of platinum complex is contained in at least one layer of a light-emitting device in which a light-emitting layer or plural organic compound layers containing the light-emitting layer are formed between a pair of electrodes. While at least one kind of the platinum complex may be contained two or more kinds of them may be contained being combined properly.
  • the method of forming the organic layer (organic compound layer) of the light-emitting device containing the platinum complex of the invention is not particularly restricted and includes methods such as a resistance-heating vapor deposition, an electron beam, a sputtering, a molecular lamination method, a coating method, and an ink jet method.
  • a resistance-heating vapor deposition an electron beam, a sputtering, a molecular lamination method, a coating method, and an ink jet method.
  • the resistance- heating vapor deposition and the coating method are preferred from viewpoints of properties and productivity of the layer.
  • the light-emitting device containing the platinum complex of the invention is a device in which a light-emitting layer or plural thin organic compound films containing the light-emitting layer are formed between a pair of electrodes of the anode and the cathode and it may also have a hole-injecting layer, a hole-transporting layer, an electron injecting layer, an electron-transporting layer, a protective layer, etc. in addition to the light-emitting layer.
  • Each of the layers may also have other functions respectively.
  • Various materials may be used respectively for the formation of each of the layers.
  • the anode supplies holes to the hole-injecting layer, the hole-transporting layer, the light-emitting layer, etc.
  • the anode is made of material such as metals, alloys, metal oxides, electrically conductive compounds or mixtures thereof.
  • ITO electrically conductive metal oxides
  • metals such as gold, silver, chromium and nickel, further, mixtures or laminates of the metals and electrically conductive metal oxides, inorganic conductive material such as copper iodide and copper sulfide, organic conductive materials such as polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, and laminate thereof with ITO.
  • Conductive metal oxides are preferred and, particularly, ITO is preferred with a view point of productivity, high conductivity, and transparency.
  • the film thickness of the anode may be properly selected depending on the material and it is usually selected within a range from 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably, from 50 nm to 1 ⁇ m, and further preferably, from 100 nm to 500 nm.
  • soda lime glass, non-alkali glass, transparent resin substrate, etc. with a layer being formed thereon are usually used.
  • non-alkali glass is preferred in view of the material in order to decrease ions eluting from the glass.
  • barrier coating such as with silica.
  • the thickness of the substrate is not particularly restricted so long as it is sufficient to keep the mechanical strength, and is usually of 0.2 mm or more and, preferably, 0.7 mm or more when the glass is used.
  • Various methods are used for the preparation of the anode depending on the material and, in the case of ITO, for example, the film is formed by a method such as an electron beam method, a sputtering method, a resistance-heating vapor deposition method, a chemical reaction method (sol-gel method, etc.), or a coating method of an ITO dispersion.
  • a method such as an electron beam method, a sputtering method, a resistance-heating vapor deposition method, a chemical reaction method (sol-gel method, etc.), or a coating method of an ITO dispersion.
  • By treating the anode with cleaning or the like it is possible to lower the driving voltage and increase the luminous efficiency of the device. For example; in the case of ITO, UV-ozone treatment, plasma treatment, etc.
  • the cathode supplies electrons to an electron injecting layer, an electron-transporting layer, a light-emitting layer, etc. and is selected, considering the adhesiveness to a layer adjacent with the negative electrode such as an electron injecting layer, an electron-transporting layer and a light-emitting layer, and ionization potential and stability.
  • metals, alloys, metal halides, metal oxides, electroconductive compounds or mixtures thereof may be used and specific examples include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, and potassium, and fluorides thereof, alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, and calcium and fluorides thereof, metal, silver, lead, aluminum, sodium-potassium alloy or a mixture of the metals, magnesium-silver alloy or a mixture of the metals, and rare earth metals such as indium and ytterbium and, preferably, those materials with the work function of 4 eV or lower and, preferably, aluminum, lithium-aluminum alloy or a mixture of the metals, magnesium-silver alloy or a mixture of metals.
  • alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, and potassium, and fluorides thereof
  • alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, and calcium and fluorides thereof
  • the cathode may also be formed as a laminate structure containing the compound and mixture described above. While the film thickness of the cathode may be properly selected depending on the material, usually it is preferably within a range from 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably, from 50 nm to 1 ⁇ m and, further preferably, from 100 nm to 1 ⁇ m.
  • a method such as an electron beam method, sputtering method, resistance-heating vapor deposition method, or a coating method is used and the metal may be vapor deposited as a single element or two or more of ingredients may be vapor deposited together.
  • the electrode may also be formed of an alloy by vapor depositing plural metals together, or a previously prepared alloy may also be vapor deposited.
  • the sheet resistance of the cathode and the anode is preferably lower.
  • the material for the light-emitting layer may be optional so long as it can form a layer having a function capable of injecting electrons from the anode or the hole-injecting layer, the hole-transporting layer and a function of emitting light by providing re-combination sites for holes and electrons upon application of electric field(s).
  • Typical examples of thereof include carbazole derivatives, benzoxazole derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, styrylbenzene derivatives, polyphenyl derivatives, diphenyl butadiene derivatives, tetraphenyl butadiene derivatives, naphthalimide derivatives, coumarine derivatives, perylene derivatives, perynone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, aldazine derivatives, pyrralizine derivatives, cyclopentadiene derivatives, bisstyryl anthracene derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, pyrrolopyridine derivatives, thiadiazopyridine derivatives, styrylamine derivatives, aromatic dimethylidene compounds, organic borane derivatives, compounds represented by the general formula (3) or formula (4) of the invention, or various typical, metal complexes including with an 8-quinolinol derivatives and rare earth
  • the polymer or oligomer compound may be incorporated with the platinum complex of the invention as a partial structure.
  • the material for the light-emitting layer is not restricted to the specific examples described above.
  • the light-emitting layer may be of a single layered structure comprising one or more of the materials described above or may be of a multi-layered structure comprising plural layers each of an identical composition of or different kinds of compositions.
  • the thickness of the light-emitting layer is not particularly restricted and, usually, it is, preferably, selected within a range from 1 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably, from 5 nm to 1 ⁇ m and, further preferably, from 10 nm to 500 nm.
  • the preparation method of the light-emitting layers is not particularly restricted and includes a method such as an electron beam method, a sputtering method, a resistance-heating vapor deposition method, a molecular lamination method, a coating method (spin coating method, casting method, dip-coating method, etc.), an ink jet method, an LB method, etc. and preferably includes the resistance-heating vapor deposition method and the coating method.
  • a method such as an electron beam method, a sputtering method, a resistance-heating vapor deposition method, a molecular lamination method, a coating method (spin coating method, casting method, dip-coating method, etc.), an ink jet method, an LB method, etc. and preferably includes the resistance-heating vapor deposition method and the coating method.
  • the material for the hole-injecting layer and the hole-transporting layer is optional so long as it has a function of injecting holes from the anode, a function of transporting the holes and a function of forming barriers to electrons injected from the cathode.
  • carbazole derivatives triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, styryl anthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, styrylamine compounds, aromatic dimethylidine compounds, porphyrin compounds, polysilane compounds, poly(N-vinylcarbazole)derivatives, aniline copolymer, conductive polymeric oligomers such as thiophene oligomers and polythiophene, organic silane derivatives, organic borane derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, compounds represented by the general formula (3) or (4) of the invention,
  • the thickness of the hole-injecting layer and the hole-transporting layer is not particularly restricted and usually it is, preferably, selected within a range from 1 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably, from 5 nm to 1 ⁇ m and, further preferably, from 10 nm to 500 nm.
  • the hole-injecting layer and the hole-transporting layer may be of a single layered structure comprising one or more of the materials described above or may be of a multi-layered structure comprising plural layers of an identical composition or of different kinds of compositions.
  • a vapor deposition method As the method of preparing the hole-injecting layer and the hole-transporting layer, a vapor deposition method, an LB method, a method of coating the hole-injecting and transporting material being dissolved or dispersed in a solvent (spin coating method, casting method, dip-coating method, etc.), or ink jet method may be used.
  • the coating method the material may be dissolved or dispersed together with a resin ingredient.
  • the resin ingredient includes, for example, poly(vinyl chloride), polycarbonate, polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(butyl methacrylate), polyester, polysulfone, poly(phenylene oxide), polybutadiene, poly(N-vinylcarbazole), hydrocarbon resin, ketone resin, phenoxy resin, polyamide, ethyl cellulose, vinyl acetate, ABS resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin and, silicone resin.
  • the material for the electron injecting layer and the electron-transporting layer is optional so long as it has a function of injecting electrons from the cathode, a function of transporting electrons and a function of forming barriers to holes injected from the anode.
  • the ionization potential for the hole blocking layer having a function of forming barriers to holes injected from the anode those higher than the ionization potential of the light-emitting layer are selected.
  • triazole derivative oxazole derivative
  • polycyclic compounds heterocyclic compounds such as bathocuproin, oxadiazole derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyrane dioxide derivatives, anthraquinone dimethane derivatives, anthrone derivatives, carbodiimide derivatives, fluorenilydene methane derivatives, distyrylpyrazine derivatives, acid anhydrides of aromatic tetra carboxylic acids such as naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid, or perylene tetracarboxylic acid, phthalocyanine derivatives, and 8-quinolinol derivatives, metal phthalocyanine, metal complexes having benzoxazole or benzothiaole as a ligand, organic silane derivatives, organic borane derivatives, the compound represented by the general formula (3) or formula (4) of the invention, poly(N-vinylcarbazol
  • the platinum complex of the invention may be contained as a partial structure in the polymer or oligomer compound.
  • the materials for the electron injecting layer and the electron-transporting layer is not restricted to them.
  • the thickness of the electron injecting layer and the electron-transporting layer is not particularly restricted and usually it is, preferably, selected within a range from 1 nm to 5 ⁇ m, more preferably, from 5 nm to 1 ⁇ m and further preferably, from 10 nm to 500 nm.
  • the electron injecting layer and the electron-transporting layer may be of a single layered structure comprising one or more of the materials described above or may be of a multi-layered structure comprising plural layers of an identical composition or of different kinds of compositions.
  • a vapor deposition method, LB method, a method of coating the hole-injecting and transporting material being dissolved or dispersed in a solvent spin coating method, casting method, dip-coating method, etc.
  • ink jet method ink jet method
  • the material may be dissolved or dispersed together with the resin ingredient(s) and the resin ingredient exemplified for the case of the hole-injecting layer and the hole-transporting layer may be applied.
  • the material for the protective layer may be optional so long as if has a function of inhibiting matters that promote degradation of the device such as moisture or oxygen from intruding into the device.
  • Specific examples include, metals such as indium, tin, lead, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, titanium, and nickel, metal oxides such as magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, dialuminum trioxide, germanium oxide, nickel oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, diiron trioxide, diytterbium trioxide, and titanium oxide, metal fluorides such as magnesium fluoride, lithium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, or calcium fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyimide, polyurea, poly(tetrafluoroethylene), poly(chloro trifluoroethylene), poly(dichloro fluoro ethylene), copolymer of chloro trifluoro ethylene and dichloro difluoro ethylene, copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer mixture containing t
  • the method of forming the protective film there is no particular restriction also on the method of forming the protective film and, for example, a method such as a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a reactive sputtering method, an MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy), a cluster ion beam method, an ion plating method, a plasma polymerization method (high frequency-excited ion plating method), a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a gas source CVD method, and a coating method is applicable.
  • a method such as a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a reactive sputtering method, an MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy), a cluster ion beam method, an ion plating method, a plasma polymerization method (high frequency-excited ion plating method), a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a gas source
  • the title compound was prepared according to the method described in a document ( J. Org. Chem., 2003, 68, 4918-4992 ).
  • a mixture of dimethylaminoethanol (2.1 ml) and a hexane solution of 2-phenylpyridine (2.17 g) was cooled to -78°C, then a hexane solution of n-butyllithium (1.6 M, 26.5 ml) was added dropwise thereto. After dropwise, the mixture was allowed to warm to 0°C, then stirred for 2 hours. Thereafter, a toluene solution of bromine (2.5 ml) was added to the mixture at 0°C, then stirred for 2 hours additionally.
  • dichlorobis(benzonitrile)platinum (II) (228 mg), N,N-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-yl)aniline (193 mg) obtained by Example 1 and 10 ml of o-xylene were stirred at 150°C for 1 day. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, to which was then added water, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining desired yellow crystal (172 mg).
  • the desired compound was obtained as solid in the same manner as with Example 1, except for changing 2-bromo-6-phenylpyridine (660 mg)with 2-(m-chlorophenyl)pyridine (600 mg) obtained by Reference Example 2, and changing aniline (131 mg) with aniline (140 mg).
  • the objective platinum complex was prepared according to the method described in a document ( Organometallics,Vol18, No17, 3337-3341 ).
  • potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) 260 mg
  • N,N-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-yl)aniline 250 mg
  • acetic acid acetic acid
  • the desired compound was obtained as solid (420 mg) in the same manner as with Example 1, except for changing aniline (131 mg) with 3,5-di(t-butyl)aniline (219 mg), and changing 2-bromo-6-phenyl-pyridine (660 mg) with 2-bromo-6-phenylpyridine (500 mg).
  • 1 H-NMR(CDCl 3 ) ⁇ : 1.30(s, 18H), 7.15-7.41(m, 11H), 7.62(t, J 8.0Hz, 2H), 7.87-7.92(m, 4H)
  • the desired compound was obtained as yellow crystal (451 mg) in the same manner as with Example 2, except for changing N,N-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-yl)aniline (193 mg) with N,N-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-yl)-3,5-di(t-butyl)aniline (546 mg) obtained by Example 5, and changing dichloro bis(benzonitrile)platinum (228 mg) with dichloro bis(benzonitrile)platinum (504 mg).
  • the desired compound was obtained as reddish crystal (124 mg) in the same manner as with Example 4, except for changing N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]aniline (250 mg) with N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]-3,5-di(t-butyl)aniline (248 mg) obtained by Example 7, and changing potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (260 mg) with potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (306 mg).
  • the title compound was prepared according to the method described in a document (Organic Synthesis,Vol.78, p53).
  • a THF (5 ml) solution of bromopyridine (0.5 g) was cooled to -78°C, then a hexane solution of n-butyllithium (1.57 M, 2 ml) was added dropwise thereto, after dropwise, the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 3 hours. Thereafter, a THF solution of zinc chloride (3.15 g) was added dropwise to the mixture, after dropwise, the mixture was stirred for 3 hours.
  • a hexane (70 ml) solution of N,N-dimethylaminoethanol (12.0 ml, 118.5 mmol) was dropwise added to a hexane solution of n-butyllithium (150 ml, 1.58 M, 237.0 mmol) at 5°C while 30 minutes.
  • a hexane (10 ml) solution of 2-phenylpyridine (8.5 ml, 59.3 mmol) was dropwise added to the mixture at 5°C while 20 minutes.
  • a hexane solution of 2-lithio-6-phenylpyridine was prepared by the mixture stirred at 5°C for 1 hour additionally.
  • a diethyl ether (40 ml) solution of phenyl magnesium bromide diethyl ether solution (21.3 ml, 3.0 M, 63.9 mmol) was dropwise added to a mixture of 2-bromo-6-methylpyridine (10.0 g, 58.1 mmol), 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane nickel (II) chloride (315 mg 1.0 mol%) and diethyl ether (100 ml) while 30 minutes at room temperature, and this reaction mixture was stirred under reflux for 2 hours. Then the mixture was poured into an aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution, an organic layer was separated, furthermore an aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane.
  • a hexane (150 ml) solution of N,N-dimethylaminoethanol (21.0 ml, 210.0 mmol) was dropwise added to a hexane solution of n-butyllithium (266 ml, 1.58 M, 420.0 mmol) at 5°C while 1 hour.
  • a hexane (15 ml) solution of 2-phenylpyridine (15.0 ml, 105.0 mmol) was dropwise added to the mixture at 5°C while 20 minutes.
  • a hexane solution of 2-lithio-6-phenylpyridine was prepared by the mixture stirred at 5°C for 1 hour additionally.
  • Example 12 190 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained as yellow crystal in a similar manner to Example 12 from 180 mg of dichlorobis(benzonitrile)platinum with 200 mg of N,N-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-yl)-1-pyrenylamine.
  • 1 H-NMR(CD 2 Cl 2 ) ⁇ : 6.24-6.38(m, 2H), 7.16-7.27(m, 2H), 7.45(t, J 7.0HZ, 2H), 7.51-7.66(m, 4H), 7.82-7.89(m, 3H), 8.05-8.51(m, 10H)
  • 6-phenyl-6'-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-2,2'-bipyridine 790 mg
  • palladium acetate 9.7 mg
  • triphenylphosphine triphenylphosphine
  • reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature while 1 hour, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (203 mg) and 3,3'-dibromobenzophenone (2.0 g, 5.88 mmol) were successively added thereto, the reaction mixture was stirred under reflux for 18 hours. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, then the mixture was poured into a mixture of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (7.0 g)/an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (210 ml), an organic layer was separated, furthermore an aqueous layer was extracted with toluene.
  • ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid 7.0 g
  • an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution 210 ml
  • Example 26 60 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained as reddish crystal in a similar manner to Example 26 from 68 mg of platinum chloride (II) with 133 mg of N-mesityl-N-2-[6-(2-pyridyl)pyridine-2-yl]-3,5-diphenylaniline.
  • 325 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained in a similar manner to Example 26 from 212 mg of platinum chloride (II) with 409 mg of N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]-4-n-octylaniline.
  • An organic EL device of a structure shown in Fig. 1 was manufactured. On a glass substrate (g), an anode (f), a hole-transporting layer (e), a light-emitting layer (d) comprising a host material and a dope material, a hole blocking layer (c), an electron-transporting layer (b) and a cathode (a) were formed successively from the side of the glass substrate (g).
  • each of the anode (f) and the cathode (a) are connected to a lead wire, and voltage could be applied between the anode (f) and the cathode (a).
  • the anode (f) was an ITO film and deposited on the glass substrate (g).
  • the hole-transporting layer (e) was formed by using the following compound ( ⁇ -NPD) and by a vacuum vapor deposition method to a thickness of 40 nm on the anode (f).
  • the light-emitting layer (d) containing the host material and the phosphorescent material as dopant was formed by using both of the following compound (CBP): and the platinum complex obtained in Example 2 and by vacuum vapor co-deposition (doping amount 3% by weight) to a thickness of 35 nm over the hole-transporting layer (e).
  • the hole blocking layer (c) was formed by using the following compound (BCP) to a thickness of 10 nm on the light-emitting layer (d) by a vacuum vapor deposition method.
  • the electron-transporting layer (b) was formed by using the following compound (Alq 3 ): to a thickness of 35 nm on the hole blocking layer (c) by a vacuum vapor deposition method.
  • the cathode (a) was formed of a laminate by vacuum vapor co-depositing Mg and Ag at a ratio of 10:1 to a thickness of 100 nm successively from the side of the electron-transporting layer (b) and then further vacuum vapor depositing Ag at a thickness of 10 nm.
  • Example 69 A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and using the platinum complex obtained in Example 6 for the light-emitting layer (d) was manufactured.
  • Example 69 A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and using the platinum complex obtained in Example 4 for the light-emitting layer (d) was manufactured.
  • Example 69 A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and using the platinum complex obtained in Example 12 for the light-emitting layer (d) was manufactured.
  • Example 69 A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and using the platinum complex obtained in Example 8 for the light-emitting layer (d) was manufactured.
  • Example 69 A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and using the platinum complex obtained in Example 26 for the light-emitting layer (d) was manufactured.
  • BAlq is the following compound.

Description

    Technical Field
  • The present invention relates to a platinum complex useful as a material for use in a light-emitting device capable of emitting light by conversion of electric energy to light. The platinum complex of the invention is useful as a novel light-emitting material that may be used suitably in the fields, for example, of display devices, display units, back lights, electrophotography, illumination light sources, recording light sources, exposure light sources, light sources for reading, signboards, and interiors.
    • Background Art
  • At present, research and development have been made vigorously regarding various display devices and, among all, organic electroluminescence devices (hereinafter simply referred to as "organic EL device") have attracted attention as prospective display devices in the next generation since they may obtain light emission of high luminance at low voltage.
    Since the organic EL device has higher response speed compared with liquid crystals used so far and emits light by itself, it does not require a back light as in existent liquid crystals and may form a flat panel display of an extremely reduced thickness. The organic EL device is a light-emitting device utilizing the electroluminescence phenomenon and, while it is identical with LED in view of the principle, it has a feature in that an organic compound is used as a light-emitting material.
    As an example of organic EL devices using such an organic compound as a light-emitting material, an organic EL device utilizing a multi-layered thin film by a vapor deposition method has been reported. For example, light emission characteristics are improved remarkably compared with existent mono-layered device by using tris(8-hydroxy quinolinate-O,N)aluminum (Alq3) as an electron-transporting material and laminating it with a hole-transporting material (for example, aromatic amine compound).
    Then, while it has been vigorously studied for the trend of applying such an organic EL device to multi-color displays in recent years and, for developing a multi-color display of high function, it is necessary to improve the characteristics and the efficiency of the light-emitting devices for respective colors of red, green and blue as three primary colors of light.
  • As means for improving the characteristics of the light-emitting device, it has also been proposed to utilize a phosphorescent material to a light-emitting layer of an organic EL device. The phosphorescence emission is an emission phenomenon from an excited triplet state caused from the excited singlet state by radiationless transition referred to as an inter-state crossing, and it is known to show higher quantum efficiency compared with the fluorescence emission as an emission phenomenon from the excited singlet state. It is expected that a high luminous efficiency may be attained by using the organic compound showing such a property as the light-emitting material.
    For the organic EL devices using such phosphorescent material, those devices using various complexes with iridium as the center metal have been developed up to the present, and the development for complexes using platinum as the center metal has also been progressed. Among them, as an organic EL device using red phosphorescent material, a device of using (2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphynate-N,N,N,N)platinum (II) (Pt(OEP)) for the light-emitting layer has been reported (Patent Document 1).
    However, while the platinum complex is a red phosphorescent material of high color purity, the external quantum efficiency is about 4% and further improvement for the luminous efficiency is demanded. Further, it has also been reported that an ortho-metalated platinum complex using a compound having an arylpyridine skeleton as a ligand and using platinum as the metal is useful as a phosphorescent material (Patent Document 2) and a platinum complex using a biaryl skeleton compound as a ligand has also be reported (Patent Document 3).
  • As described above, various studies have been made vigorously for practical use of display devices in the next generation and, among them, organic EL devices using the phosphorescent material is particularly highlighted with a view point of improving the characteristics of the devices. However, the study has been quite primitive and includes various subjects such as optimization of light emission characteristics, luminous efficiency, color purity, and structure of the devices. For solving such subjects, it has been demanded for the development of novel phosphorescent material and, further, for the development of efficient method of supplying the material.
    • Patent Document 1: Specification of USP No. 6,303,238
    • Patent Document 2: JP-A No. 2001-181617
    • Patent Document 3: JP-A No. 2002-175884
    Disclosure of the Invention Subject to be Solved by the Invention
  • The present invention has as an object to provide a novel platinum complex which is useful as a material for use in light-emitting devices of good light emission characteristics and luminous efficiency. Further, the present invention has as an object to provide a novel light-emitting material that may be utilized in various fields.
    • Means for Solving the Subject
  • The present inventors have made earnest studies for attaining the foregoing purpose and, as a result, have found that a novel platinum complex of a specified structure shown below has excellent light emission characteristics and luminous efficiency and have accomplished the present invention.
    That is, the present invention relates to a platinum complex represented by the following general formula (1):
    Figure imgb0001
     wherein two rings of ring A, ring B, ring C and ring D represent nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings which may have subsituent(s) chosen from pyridine ring, diazine ring, triazine ring, pyrrole ring, diazole ring, triazole ring, thiazole ring, thiadiazole ring, oxazole ring, oxadiazole ring, benzothiazine ring, and benzopyrrole group which may have substituent(s) and the remaining two rings represent optionally substituted aryl rings or heteroaryl rings, selected from optionally substituted benzene ring, optionally substituted pyridine ring, optionally substituted diazine ring, optionally substituted triazine ring, optionally substituted pyrrole ring, optionally substituted diazole ring, optionally substituted furan ring, optionally substituted thiophene ring, optionally substituted naphthalene ring, optionally substituted benzopyridine ring, optionally substituted benzodiazine ring, optionally substituted benzofuran ring, and optionally substituted benzothiophene ring, or condensed rings where one or two of the 5- or 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon rings or aromatic heterocyclic rings are condensed to said rings; two of X1, X2, X3, and X4 represent nitrogen atoms coordination bonded to a platinum atom and the remaining two of them represent carbon atoms, Q1, Q2 and Q3 represent independently a bivalent atom (group) chosen from an oxygen atom or -NR3-, or single bond providing that Q1, Q2 and Q3 do not represent single bond simultaneously, R3 represents an alkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group and two of Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 represent coordination bonds, and the remaining two represent covalent bonds.
    Further, the present invention relates to a platinum complex represented by the following general formula (2):
    Figure imgb0002
     wherein R6, R7, R8, and R9 each represent independently alkyl group, halogenated alkyl group, aralkyl group, aryl group, amino group, mono- or di-alkyl amino group, mono or di-aralkyl amino group, mono- or di-aryl amino group, alkoxy group, aralkyloxy group, aryloxy group or heteroaryloxy group, and R6 and R7, R6 and R8 and/or R7 and R9 may form condensed rings; m1, m2, m3, and m4 each represent the number of R6, R7, R8, and R9 and independently represent an integer of 0 to 3; in a case where each of m1, m2, m3, and m4 is an integer of 2 or greater, plural R6, R7, R8, and R9 may be different from each other and further, a group of R6, a group of R7, a group of R8, and a group of R9 may join to each other to form a condensed ring structure; Q1, Q2 and Q3 are as defined in claim 1; two of X1, X2, X3, and X4 represent nitrogen atoms coordination bonded to the platinum atom and the remaining two represent carbon atoms; and two of Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 represent coordination bonds, and the remaining two represent covalent bonds.
  • Further, the present invention relates to a light-emitting device in which a light-emitting layer or a plurality of thin organic compound layers containing the light-emitting layer are formed between a pair of electrodes, wherein at least one layer is a layer containing at least one kind of platinum complex represented by the general formula (1) or the general formula (2).
    • Effect of the Invention
  • The platinum complex of the present invention is useful as a light-emitting material and, particularly, may prepare an organic EL device having high light emission characteristic, high luminous efficiency, and high durability as a material for use in the organic EL.
    • Brief Description of the Drawings
    • [Fig. 1] is a view showing a constitutional example of an organic EL device using a platinum complex according to the present invention.
    Description of References
    1. (a) second electrode (metal electrode, cathode)
    2. (b) electron-transporting layer
    3. (c) hole blocking layer
    4. (d) light-emitting layer (host material and dope material)
    5. (e) hole-transporting material
    6. (f) first electrode (transparent electrode, anode)
    7. (g) glass substrate
    Best Mode for Practicing the Invention
  • The platinum complex of the invention is to be described specifically.
    The platinum complex represented by the general formula (1) of the invention is a platinum complex compound having a tetra-dentate ligand comprising the ring A, ring B, ring C and ring D.
    In the platinum complex represented by the general formula (1) according to the present invention, the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring which may have substituent(s) in the ring A, the ring B, the ring C, and the ring D is a heterocyclic ring selected from pyridine ring, diazine ring, triazine ring, pyrrole ring, diazole ring, triazole ring, thiazole ring, thiadiazole ring, oxazole ring, oxadiazole ring, benzothiazine ring, and benzopyrrole group which may have substituent(s).
    One or more hydrogen atoms on the nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring in the ring A, ring B, ring C, and ring D of the platinum complex represented by the general formula (1) may be substituted with substituent(s). While the substituent is not particularly restricted so long as it is a group not giving undesired effects on the light emission characteristics, it may include preferably those groups described for R6, R7, R8, and R9 in the platinum complex represented by the general formula (2) to be describe later.
    In the platinum complex represented by the general formula (1) of the present invention, the remaining two rings represent optionally substituted aryl rings or heteroaryl rings, selected from optionally substituted benzene ring, optionally substituted pyridine ring, optionally substituted diazine ring, optionally substituted triazine ring, optionally substituted pyrrole ring, optionally substituted diazole ring, optionally substituted furan ring, optionally substituted thiophene ring, optionally substituted naphthalene ring, optionally substituted benzopyridine ring, optionally substituted benzodiazine ring, optionally substituted benzofuran ring, and optionally substituted benzothiophene ring, or condensed rings where one or two of the 5- or 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon rings or aromatic heterocyclic rings are condensed to said rings.
    One or more hydrogen atoms on the aryl ring or the heteroaryl ring in the ring A, ring B, ring C, ring D of the platinum complex represented by the general formula (1) may be substituted with substituent(s). The substituent is not particularly restricted so long as it gives no undesired effect on the light emission characteristic and includes preferably those groups to be described for R6, R7, R8, and R9 in the platinum complex represented by the general formula (2) to be described later.
    Successively, bivalent atom (group) represented by Q1, Q2, Q3 in the general formula (1).
    The bivalent atom (group) represented by the Q1, Q2, Q3 in the invention exist as a spacer for connecting four ring groups and are independently a bivalent atom (group) chosen from oxygen atom or -NR3- (wherein R3 is alkyl group, aralkyl group or aryl group), or single bond providing that Q1, Q2 and Q3 do not represent single bond simultaneously.
  • A preferred form of the platinum complex of the invention includes, for example, platinum complex represented by the general formula (2).
    In the general formula (2), the alkyl group represented by R6, R7, R8, and R9 includes, for example, linear, branched, or cyclic alkyl groups of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably, 1 to 20 carbon atoms and, more preferably, 1 to 10 carbon atoms and specific examples include, for example, methyl group, ethyl group, n-propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, tert-butyl group, n-hexyl group, 2-ethylhexyl group, n-octyl group, n-decyl group, n-hexadecyl group, cyclopropyl group, cyclopentyl group, and cyclohexyl group.
    The halogenated alkyl group includes, those groups in which one or more of hydrogen atoms in the alkyl group described above are substituted with halogen atom(s) such as a fluorine atom or chlorine atom and specifically includes, for example, perfluoroalkyl groups such as a trifluoro methyl group and pentafluoro ethyl group.
    The aralkyl group includes those groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms in the alkyl groups described above are substituted with the aryl group described above (the aryl group may have a substituent such as the alkyl group described above, the alkoxyl group or halogen atom to be described later). A preferred aralkyl group includes arylated alkyl groups of 7 to 30, preferably, 7 to 20 and, more preferably, 7 to 15 carbon atoms which may have substituent(s), and specific examples include, for example, benzyl group, 4-methylbenzyl group, 4-methoxybenzyl group, and 1-phenethyl group.
  • The aryl group includes aryl groups of 6 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably, 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and, more preferably, 6 to 12 carbon atoms and specific examples include, for example, phenyl group, tolyl group, naphthyl group, and anthrnyl group. The aryl group may have substituent(s) such as the alkyl group described above and alkoxy group and halogen atom to be described later.
    The mono- or di-alkyl amino group includes amino groups in which one or two hydrogen atoms are substituted by the alkyl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, methylamino group, dimethylamino group, and diethylamino group.
    The mono- or di-aralkyl amino group includes amino groups in which one or two hydrogen atoms are substituted by the aralkyl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, benzylamino group, dibenzylamino group, and 1-phenylethylamino group.
    The mono- or di-aryl amino group includes amino groups in which one or two hydrogen atoms are substituted by the aryl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, phenylamino group, diphenylamino group, ditolylamino group, and phenylnaphthylamino group.
    The alkoxy group includes those groups in which an oxygen atom is bonded to the alkyl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, methoxy group, ethoxy group, n-propoxy group, isopropoxy group, n-butoxy group, tert-butoxy group, and 2-ethylhexyloxy group.
    The aralkyloxy group includes those groups in which an oxygen atom is bonded to the aralkyl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, benzyloxy group and 1-phenetyloxy group.
    The aryloxy group includes those groups in which an oxygen atom is bonded to the aryl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, phenoxy group, tolyloxy group, and naphthyloxy group.
    The heteroaryloxy group includes those groups in which an oxygen atom is bonded to the heteroaryl group described above, and specific examples include, for example, 2-pyridyloxy group, 2-pyradinyloxy group, 2-pyrimidinyloxy group, and 2-quinolyloxy group.
    The subbstitients described above may further be substituted. Further, a group of R6, a group of R7, a group of R8, and a group of R9, may respectively join to each other to form a condensed ring structure or, further, R6 and R7, R5 and R8 or/and R7 and R9 may join to each other to form a condensed ring structure. Specific examples of the condensed ring include, for example, phenanthrene ring, fluorene-9-on ring, 1,10-phenanthroline ring and 4,5-diazafluorene-9-on ring.
    m1, m2, m3, and m4 each represent the number for R6, R7, R8, and R9 and each represent independently an integer of 0 to 3. In a case where each of m1, m2, m3, and m4 is an integer of 2 or greater, plural R6, R7, R8, and R9 may be same or different with each other.
  • The platinum complex (1) {or platinum complex (2)} of the invention may be manufactured easily by reacting a complex precursor and a compound represented by the general formula (3) (hereinafter simply referred to as compound (3)) {or a compound represented by general formula (4) (hereinafter simply referred to as compound (4))} under the presence of an appropriate solvent and, optionally, in an inert gas atmosphere as described in the following scheme 1.
  • Figure imgb0003
  • (in the scheme 1, ring A, ring B, ring C, ring D, X1, X2, X3 X4, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, H, Q1, Q2, Q3, R6, R7, R8, R9, and m1, X3, X4, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, H, Q1, Q2, R6, R7, R8, R9, and m1, m2, m3, and m4 are defined above).
    The complex precursor in the scheme 1 may either be an inorganic platinum compound or an organic platinum complex. Preferred inorganic platinum compound includes PtY2 (Y represents a halogen atom here and hereinafter) and M2PtY4 (M represents an alkali metal here and hereinafter). The halogen atom represented by Y includes a fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, etc. The alkali metal represented by M includes lithium, sodium, potassium, etc.
    Specific examples of the inorganic platinum compound include, for example, platinum (II) chloride, platinum (II) bromide, sodium chloro platinate (II), potassium chloro platinate (II), potassium bromo platinate (II), etc.
  • Preferred organic platinum complexes include, for example, organic platinum complexes represented, by the following general formula (5):

            Pt(J)n4Y2     (5)

    (in which J represents a neural ligand, n4 represents 1 or 2. ).
    In the general formula (5), one of the neutral ligands represented by J includes non-conjugated diene compounds, the diene compound may be cyclic or acyclic. In a case where the non-conjugated diene compound is a cyclic non-conjugated diene compound, it may be monocyclic, polycyclic, condensed ring, or bicyclo ring. In a case where J is a non-conjugated diene compound, n4 is 1. Further, the non-conjugated diene compound may also be a non-conjugated diene compound substituted with substituent(s), that is, a substituted non-conjugated diene compound. The substituent is not particularly restricted so long as this is a substituent not giving undesired effects on the manufacturing method of the compound of the invention and includes, for example, those groups same as the substituent described specifically in the explanation for the platinum complex as the example of the substituent. Preferred specific examples of the non-conjugated diene compound include, for example, 1,5-cyclooctanediene, bicyclo[2,2,1]hepta-2,5-diene, and 1,5-hexadiene.
  • Other neutral ligands than the non-conjugated diene compounds include monodentate neutral ligand and include, more specifically, nitriles such as acetonitrile or benzonitrile, sulfides such as diethyl sulfide, tertiary phosphines such as triphenyl phosphine, tertiary amines such as pyridine, and monoenes such as ethylene. In a case where J is the monodentate ligand, n4 is 2.
    The halogen atom represented by Y includes fluorine atom, chlorine atom, bromine atom, iodine atom, etc. and, chlorine atom and bromine atom are particularly preferred.
  • Specific examples of the platinum complex represented by the general formula (1) and the platinum complex represented by the general formula (2) include, for example, the compounds shown below but not restricted to them.
    Figure imgb0004
    Figure imgb0005
    Figure imgb0006
    Figure imgb0007
    Figure imgb0008
    Figure imgb0009
    Figure imgb0010
    Figure imgb0011
    Figure imgb0012
    Figure imgb0013
    Figure imgb0014
  • Then, preparation method of the platinum complex according to the present invention is to be described. For the sake of convenience, both of the compound (3) and the compound (4) are collectively referred to as a tetra-dentate ligand.
    The amount of the tetra-dentate ligand is usually from 0.5 to 20 equivalents, preferably, from 0.8 to 10 equivalents and, more preferably, from 1.0 to 2.0 equivalents based on the complex precursor.
  • The preparation method of the compound of the invention is desirably carried out under the presence of solvent(s). Preferred solvent includes, for example, amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide, formamide, and N,N-dimethylacetamide, cyano-containing organic compounds such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile, halogenated hydrocarbons such as dichloromethane, 1,2-dichloroethane, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, and o-dichlorobenzene, aliphatic hydrocarbons such as pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, decane, and cyclohexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, ethers such as diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether, tert-butyl methyl ether, dimethoxy ethane, ethylene glycol diethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, and 1,3-dioxolane, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, methyl isobutyl ketone, and cyclohexanone, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, n-butanol, and 2-ethoxy ethanol, polyols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-propane diol, and glycerine, esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and methyl propionate, sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide, carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, and water. The solvent may be used each alone or two or more of them may be used being combined properly. More preferred solvent includes amides such as N,N-dimethylformamide and N,N-dimethylacetamide, cyano-containing organic compounds such as acetonitrile and benzonitrile, aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, and xylene, ethers such as ethylene glycol diethyl ether, tetrahyfrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, and 1,3-dioxane, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, and methyl isobutyl ketone, alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, n-butanol, and 2-ethoxyethanol, polyols such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, and glycerine, esters such as methyl acetate, ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, and methyl pripionate, carboxylic acids such as acetic acid, propionic acid, and butyric acid, and water. The solvent may be used each alone or two or more of them may be used being combined properly.
    The amount of the solvent to be used is not particularly restricted so long as it may proceed the reaction sufficiently and it is properly selected from a range usually from 1 to 200 times by volume and, preferably, from 1 to 50 times by volume based on the complex precursor.
  • The reaction temperature is properly selected within a range usually from 25 to 300°C, preferably, from 60 to 250°C, and, more preferably, from 80 to 200°C.
    The reaction time is naturally different depending on the reaction conditions such as the reaction temperature, the solvent and the base, and it is properly selected within a range usually from 10 minutes to 72 hours, preferably, from 30 minutes to 48 hours and, more preferably, from 1 to 12 hours.
  • The platinum complex of the invention may be obtained by optionally carrying out post treatment, isolation and purification after the reaction. The method of the post treatment includes, for example, extraction of reaction products, filtration of precipitates, crystallization by the addition of a solvent and removal of the solvent by distillation. The post treatments may be conducted each alone or in combination. The method of isolation and purification includes, for example, column chromatography, recrystallization and sublimation and they may be conducted each alone or in combination.
  • Then, the tetra-dentate ligand represented by the compound (3) or the compound (4) is to be described.
    The compound (3) and the compound (4) are tetra-dentate ligand having two nitrogen atoms capable of coordination to the platinum metal and two sites capable of bonding to the platinum metal. Ring A, ring B, ring C, ring D, X1 X2, X3 X4, Z1, Z2, Z3, Z4, Q1, Q2, Q3, R6, R7, R8, R9, m1, m2, m3, and m4 in the general formula (3) and the general formula (4) are same as those in the compound (1) and the compound (2) as described above.
    Specific examples of the compound (3) and the compound (4) include those compounds in which the platinum metal is removed from the specific example of the platinum compound in the invention described above, and a hydrogen atom is added each by one to the atom in covalent bond with the platinum atom.
  • The tetra-dentate ligand of the invention may be synthesized by carrying out various coupling reactions and other known reactions to aromatic compounds which were known prior to the filing of the present application. The coupling reaction used herein includes, for example, carbon-hetero atom bond forming reactions such as aryl amination and aryl etherfication of using a transition metal, and Ullmann reaction, carbon-carbon bond forming reaction such as Grignard coupling, Negishi coupling, Suzuki coupling, etc. Further, reactions, for example, condensation reaction such as esterification and silyl esterification and halogenation may also be used.
    An example of the preparation method for the tetra-dentate ligand of the invention is to be shown below. Since the synthetic method is quite different depending on the structure of the tetra-dentate ligand, the synthetic method described below is merely an example and the preparation method of the tetra-dentate of the invention is not restricted to the method.
    Figure imgb0015
  • The platinum complex (1) and the platinum complex (2) of the invention are useful as a phosphorescent material in light-emitting devices, particularly, organic EL devices.
  • Then, the light-emitting device using the platinum complex (1) and the platinum complex (2) of the invention is to be described.
    The system, the driving method and the mode of use are not particularly restricted for the light-emitting device so long as this is a device utilizing the platinum complex of the invention, those utilizing the light emission from the platinum complex or those utilizing the platinum complex as the charge transporting material are preferred. Typical light-emitting device includes organic EL devices.
    It may suffice that the light-emitting device containing the platinum complex of the invention contains at least one kind of platinum complex and, at least one kind of platinum complex is contained in at least one layer of a light-emitting device in which a light-emitting layer or plural organic compound layers containing the light-emitting layer are formed between a pair of electrodes. While at least one kind of the platinum complex may be contained two or more kinds of them may be contained being combined properly.
  • The method of forming the organic layer (organic compound layer) of the light-emitting device containing the platinum complex of the invention is not particularly restricted and includes methods such as a resistance-heating vapor deposition, an electron beam, a sputtering, a molecular lamination method, a coating method, and an ink jet method. Of these, the resistance- heating vapor deposition and the coating method are preferred from viewpoints of properties and productivity of the layer.
    The light-emitting device containing the platinum complex of the invention is a device in which a light-emitting layer or plural thin organic compound films containing the light-emitting layer are formed between a pair of electrodes of the anode and the cathode and it may also have a hole-injecting layer, a hole-transporting layer, an electron injecting layer, an electron-transporting layer, a protective layer, etc. in addition to the light-emitting layer. Each of the layers may also have other functions respectively. Various materials may be used respectively for the formation of each of the layers.
  • The anode supplies holes to the hole-injecting layer, the hole-transporting layer, the light-emitting layer, etc. And the anode is made of material such as metals, alloys, metal oxides, electrically conductive compounds or mixtures thereof. A the material, a material having a work function of 4 eV or higher is preferred. Specific examples include electrically conductive metal oxides such as tin oxide, zinc oxide, indium oxide, and indium tin oxide (hereinafter referred to as ITO), or metals such as gold, silver, chromium and nickel, further, mixtures or laminates of the metals and electrically conductive metal oxides, inorganic conductive material such as copper iodide and copper sulfide, organic conductive materials such as polyaniline, polythiophene, polypyrrole, and laminate thereof with ITO. Conductive metal oxides are preferred and, particularly, ITO is preferred with a view point of productivity, high conductivity, and transparency. The film thickness of the anode may be properly selected depending on the material and it is usually selected within a range from 10 nm to 5 µm, more preferably, from 50 nm to 1 µm, and further preferably, from 100 nm to 500 nm.
    As the anode, soda lime glass, non-alkali glass, transparent resin substrate, etc. with a layer being formed thereon are usually used. In a case of using glass, use of non-alkali glass is preferred in view of the material in order to decrease ions eluting from the glass. Further, in the case of using soda lime glass, it is preferred to use those applied with barrier coating such as with silica. The thickness of the substrate is not particularly restricted so long as it is sufficient to keep the mechanical strength, and is usually of 0.2 mm or more and, preferably, 0.7 mm or more when the glass is used. Various methods are used for the preparation of the anode depending on the material and, in the case of ITO, for example, the film is formed by a method such as an electron beam method, a sputtering method, a resistance-heating vapor deposition method, a chemical reaction method (sol-gel method, etc.), or a coating method of an ITO dispersion. By treating the anode with cleaning or the like, it is possible to lower the driving voltage and increase the luminous efficiency of the device. For example; in the case of ITO, UV-ozone treatment, plasma treatment, etc. are effective.
  • The cathode supplies electrons to an electron injecting layer, an electron-transporting layer, a light-emitting layer, etc. and is selected, considering the adhesiveness to a layer adjacent with the negative electrode such as an electron injecting layer, an electron-transporting layer and a light-emitting layer, and ionization potential and stability. As the material for the cathode, metals, alloys, metal halides, metal oxides, electroconductive compounds or mixtures thereof may be used and specific examples include alkali metals such as lithium, sodium, and potassium, and fluorides thereof, alkaline earth metals such as magnesium, and calcium and fluorides thereof, metal, silver, lead, aluminum, sodium-potassium alloy or a mixture of the metals, magnesium-silver alloy or a mixture of the metals, and rare earth metals such as indium and ytterbium and, preferably, those materials with the work function of 4 eV or lower and, preferably, aluminum, lithium-aluminum alloy or a mixture of the metals, magnesium-silver alloy or a mixture of metals.
    The cathode may also be formed as a laminate structure containing the compound and mixture described above. While the film thickness of the cathode may be properly selected depending on the material, usually it is preferably within a range from 10 nm to 5 µm, more preferably, from 50 nm to 1 µm and, further preferably, from 100 nm to 1 µm. For the preparation of the cathode, a method such as an electron beam method, sputtering method, resistance-heating vapor deposition method, or a coating method is used and the metal may be vapor deposited as a single element or two or more of ingredients may be vapor deposited together. Further, the electrode may also be formed of an alloy by vapor depositing plural metals together, or a previously prepared alloy may also be vapor deposited. The sheet resistance of the cathode and the anode is preferably lower.
  • The material for the light-emitting layer may be optional so long as it can form a layer having a function capable of injecting electrons from the anode or the hole-injecting layer, the hole-transporting layer and a function of emitting light by providing re-combination sites for holes and electrons upon application of electric field(s). Typical examples of thereof include carbazole derivatives, benzoxazole derivatives, triphenylamine derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, styrylbenzene derivatives, polyphenyl derivatives, diphenyl butadiene derivatives, tetraphenyl butadiene derivatives, naphthalimide derivatives, coumarine derivatives, perylene derivatives, perynone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, aldazine derivatives, pyrralizine derivatives, cyclopentadiene derivatives, bisstyryl anthracene derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, pyrrolopyridine derivatives, thiadiazopyridine derivatives, styrylamine derivatives, aromatic dimethylidene compounds, organic borane derivatives, compounds represented by the general formula (3) or formula (4) of the invention, or various typical, metal complexes including with an 8-quinolinol derivatives and rare earth metal complexes, polymer or oligomer compounds such as poly(N-vinylcarbazole) derivatives, polythiophene, polyphenylene, poly(phenylenevinylene), etc., organic silane derivatives and metal complexes of the invention. The polymer or oligomer compound may be incorporated with the platinum complex of the invention as a partial structure. The material for the light-emitting layer is not restricted to the specific examples described above. The light-emitting layer may be of a single layered structure comprising one or more of the materials described above or may be of a multi-layered structure comprising plural layers each of an identical composition of or different kinds of compositions. The thickness of the light-emitting layer is not particularly restricted and, usually, it is, preferably, selected within a range from 1 nm to 5 µm, more preferably, from 5 nm to 1 µm and, further preferably, from 10 nm to 500 nm. The preparation method of the light-emitting layers is not particularly restricted and includes a method such as an electron beam method, a sputtering method, a resistance-heating vapor deposition method, a molecular lamination method, a coating method (spin coating method, casting method, dip-coating method, etc.), an ink jet method, an LB method, etc. and preferably includes the resistance-heating vapor deposition method and the coating method.
  • The material for the hole-injecting layer and the hole-transporting layer is optional so long as it has a function of injecting holes from the anode, a function of transporting the holes and a function of forming barriers to electrons injected from the cathode. Specific examples include, carbazole derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, oxazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives, styryl anthracene derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, hydrazone derivatives, stilbene derivatives, silazane derivatives, aromatic tertiary amine compounds, styrylamine compounds, aromatic dimethylidine compounds, porphyrin compounds, polysilane compounds, poly(N-vinylcarbazole)derivatives, aniline copolymer, conductive polymeric oligomers such as thiophene oligomers and polythiophene, organic silane derivatives, organic borane derivatives, phthalocyanine derivatives, compounds represented by the general formula (3) or (4) of the invention, platinum complexes of the invention, etc. with no restriction to them. The thickness of the hole-injecting layer and the hole-transporting layer is not particularly restricted and usually it is, preferably, selected within a range from 1 nm to 5 µm, more preferably, from 5 nm to 1 µm and, further preferably, from 10 nm to 500 nm. The hole-injecting layer and the hole-transporting layer may be of a single layered structure comprising one or more of the materials described above or may be of a multi-layered structure comprising plural layers of an identical composition or of different kinds of compositions. As the method of preparing the hole-injecting layer and the hole-transporting layer, a vapor deposition method, an LB method, a method of coating the hole-injecting and transporting material being dissolved or dispersed in a solvent (spin coating method, casting method, dip-coating method, etc.), or ink jet method may be used. In the case of the coating method, the material may be dissolved or dispersed together with a resin ingredient. The resin ingredient includes, for example, poly(vinyl chloride), polycarbonate, polystyrene, poly(methyl methacrylate), poly(butyl methacrylate), polyester, polysulfone, poly(phenylene oxide), polybutadiene, poly(N-vinylcarbazole), hydrocarbon resin, ketone resin, phenoxy resin, polyamide, ethyl cellulose, vinyl acetate, ABS resin, alkyd resin, epoxy resin and, silicone resin.
  • The material for the electron injecting layer and the electron-transporting layer is optional so long as it has a function of injecting electrons from the cathode, a function of transporting electrons and a function of forming barriers to holes injected from the anode. As the ionization potential for the hole blocking layer having a function of forming barriers to holes injected from the anode, those higher than the ionization potential of the light-emitting layer are selected.
    Specific examples include triazole derivative, oxazole derivative, polycyclic compounds, heterocyclic compounds such as bathocuproin, oxadiazole derivatives, fluorenone derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyrane dioxide derivatives, anthraquinone dimethane derivatives, anthrone derivatives, carbodiimide derivatives, fluorenilydene methane derivatives, distyrylpyrazine derivatives, acid anhydrides of aromatic tetra carboxylic acids such as naphthalene tetracarboxylic acid, or perylene tetracarboxylic acid, phthalocyanine derivatives, and 8-quinolinol derivatives, metal phthalocyanine, metal complexes having benzoxazole or benzothiaole as a ligand, organic silane derivatives, organic borane derivatives, the compound represented by the general formula (3) or formula (4) of the invention, poly(N-vinylcarbazole) derivatives, polymer or oligomer compounds such as polythiophene, polyphenylene, and poly(phenylene vinylene), and platinum complex of the invention. The platinum complex of the invention may be contained as a partial structure in the polymer or oligomer compound. The materials for the electron injecting layer and the electron-transporting layer is not restricted to them. The thickness of the electron injecting layer and the electron-transporting layer is not particularly restricted and usually it is, preferably, selected within a range from 1 nm to 5 µm, more preferably, from 5 nm to 1 µm and further preferably, from 10 nm to 500 nm. The electron injecting layer and the electron-transporting layer may be of a single layered structure comprising one or more of the materials described above or may be of a multi-layered structure comprising plural layers of an identical composition or of different kinds of compositions. As the method of preparing the hole-injecting layer and the hole-transporting layer, a vapor deposition method, LB method, a method of coating the hole-injecting and transporting material being dissolved or dispersed in a solvent (spin coating method, casting method, dip-coating method, etc.), or ink jet method may be used. In the case of the coating method, the material may be dissolved or dispersed together with the resin ingredient(s) and the resin ingredient exemplified for the case of the hole-injecting layer and the hole-transporting layer may be applied.
  • The material for the protective layer may be optional so long as if has a function of inhibiting matters that promote degradation of the device such as moisture or oxygen from intruding into the device. Specific examples include, metals such as indium, tin, lead, gold, silver, copper, aluminum, titanium, and nickel, metal oxides such as magnesium oxide, silicon oxide, dialuminum trioxide, germanium oxide, nickel oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, diiron trioxide, diytterbium trioxide, and titanium oxide, metal fluorides such as magnesium fluoride, lithium fluoride, aluminum fluoride, or calcium fluoride, polyethylene, polypropylene, poly(methyl methacrylate), polyimide, polyurea, poly(tetrafluoroethylene), poly(chloro trifluoroethylene), poly(dichloro fluoro ethylene), copolymer of chloro trifluoro ethylene and dichloro difluoro ethylene, copolymer obtained by copolymerizing a monomer mixture containing tetrafluoro ethylene and at least one comonomer, fluoro-containing copolymer having a cyclic structure in the copolymer main chain, a water absorbing substance with the percent water absorption of 1% or more, and a moisture proof material with the percent water absorption of 0.1% or less. There is no particular restriction also on the method of forming the protective film and, for example, a method such as a vacuum vapor deposition method, a sputtering method, a reactive sputtering method, an MBE (Molecular Beam Epitaxy), a cluster ion beam method, an ion plating method, a plasma polymerization method (high frequency-excited ion plating method), a plasma CVD method, a laser CVD method, a thermal CVD method, a gas source CVD method, and a coating method is applicable.
  • All the contents described in the specification of Japanese Patent Application No. 2003-374861 are incorporated in the present specification.
  • The present invention is to be described specifically with reference to Reference Examples and examples, but the invention is no way restricted by them. Apparatus used for measuring physical properties in the Reference Examples and the Examples are as shown below.
    1. 1) 1H-NMR spectrum: DRX-500 model apparatus (manufactured by Bruker Co.) or GEMINI2000 model apparatus (manufactured by Varian Inc.)
      Internal standard substance: teteramethyl silane
    2. 2) Analysis for absorption spectrum: V-550 (manufactured by JASCO)
    3. 3) Analysis for emission spectrum: F-4500 (manufactured by Hitachi Ltd.)
    Reference Example 1 Preparation of 2-bromo-6-phenylpyridine
  • Figure imgb0016
     The title compound was prepared according to the method described in a document (J. Org. Chem., 2003, 68, 4918-4992).
    In a nitrogen atmosphere, a mixture of dimethylaminoethanol (2.1 ml) and a hexane solution of 2-phenylpyridine (2.17 g) was cooled to -78°C, then a hexane solution of n-butyllithium (1.6 M, 26.5 ml) was added dropwise thereto. After dropwise, the mixture was allowed to warm to 0°C, then stirred for 2 hours. Thereafter, a toluene solution of bromine (2.5 ml) was added to the mixture at 0°C, then stirred for 2 hours additionally. Then, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 day. Thereafter, the residual bromine of reaction mixture was neutralized by aqueous sodium thiosulfate, the mixture was extracted with toluene, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining desired white solid (1.30 g).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3) : 7.39-7.53, 7.55-7.71(m,2H), 7.96-8.02(m,2H)
    • Example 1 Preparation of N,N-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-yl)aniline
  • Figure imgb0017
     The title compound was prepared according to the method described in a document (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2003, 42, 2051-2053).
    In a nitrogen atmosphere, a mixture of π-allylpalladium chloride dimer (3.9 mg), 43 mg of a hexane solution of tri-tert-butylphosphine (10 wt%, equivalent of 4.3 mg of tri-tert-butylphosphine) and o-xylene (10 ml) was stirred at room temperature. Then, sodium tert-butoxide (272 mg), aniline (131 mg) and 2-bromo-6-phenylpyridine (660 mg) obtained by Reference Example 1 were added to the mixture, and stirred at 120°C for 1 day. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, to which was then added water, the mixture was extracted with toluene, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining desired solid (510 mg).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3): 7.04(d, J=8.0Hz, 2H), 7.22-7.48(m, 13H), 7.63(t, J=8.0Hz, 2H)
    • Example 2 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0018
     In an argon atmosphere, dichlorobis(benzonitrile)platinum (II) (228 mg), N,N-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-yl)aniline (193 mg) obtained by Example 1 and 10 ml of o-xylene were stirred at 150°C for 1 day. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, to which was then added water, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining desired yellow crystal (172 mg). 1H-NMR(CDCl3): 6.43(d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 7.18-7.26(m,2H), 7.39-7.50(m, 4H), 7.57-7.82(m, 9H), 8.24-8.56(m, 2H)
    • Reference Example 2 Preparation of 2-(m-chlorophenyl)pyridine
  • Figure imgb0019
     The title compound was prepared according to the method described in a document (J. Am. Chem. Soc., 1991, 113, 8521-8522).
    (µ-acetylcyclopentadienyl)(1,5-cyclooctadiene)cobalt (144 mg), m-chlorobenzonitrile (1.80 g) and 10 ml of o-xylene were placed into a 100 ml autoclave, then acetylene was filled in the autoclave, and the reaction was carried out at 150°C. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, to which was then added water, the mixture was extracted with toluene, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining desired compound as an oily substance (2.37 g).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3): 7.22-7.30(m, 1H), 7.37-7.41(m, 2H), 7.66-7.88(m, 2H), 7.83-7.89(m, 1H), 8.01(t, J=1.4Hz, 1H), 8.69-8.72(m, 1H)
    • Example 3 Preparation of N,N-bis[(3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl)aniline
  • Figure imgb0020
     The desired compound was obtained as solid in the same manner as with Example 1, except for changing 2-bromo-6-phenylpyridine (660 mg)with 2-(m-chlorophenyl)pyridine (600 mg) obtained by Reference Example 2, and changing aniline (131 mg) with aniline (140 mg).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.02(tt, J=1.6, 7.2HZ, 1H), 7.15-7.30(m,8H), 7.37(t, J=8.0Hz, 2H), 7.57-7.76(m, 8H), 8.61-8.65(m, 2H)
    • Example 4 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0021
     The objective platinum complex was prepared according to the method described in a document (Organometallics,Vol18, No17, 3337-3341).
    In an argon atmosphere, potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (260 mg), N,N-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-yl)aniline (250 mg) obtained by Example 3 and acetic acid were stirred at 140°C for 3 days. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, to which was then added water, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining desired compound as reddish crystal (40 mg).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.20-6.45(m, 2H), 7.02(t, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 7.34-7.65(m, 9H), 7.85-8.01(m, 4H), 8.93-8.97(m, 2H)
    • Example 5 Preparation of N,N-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-yl)-3,5-di(t-butyl)aniline
  • Figure imgb0022
     The desired compound was obtained as solid (420 mg) in the same manner as with Example 1, except for changing aniline (131 mg) with 3,5-di(t-butyl)aniline (219 mg), and changing 2-bromo-6-phenyl-pyridine (660 mg) with 2-bromo-6-phenylpyridine (500 mg).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 1.30(s, 18H), 7.15-7.41(m, 11H), 7.62(t, J=8.0Hz, 2H), 7.87-7.92(m, 4H)
    • Example 6 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0023
     The desired compound was obtained as yellow crystal (451 mg) in the same manner as with Example 2, except for changing N,N-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-yl)aniline (193 mg) with N,N-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-yl)-3,5-di(t-butyl)aniline (546 mg) obtained by Example 5, and changing dichloro bis(benzonitrile)platinum (228 mg) with dichloro bis(benzonitrile)platinum (504 mg).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 1.38(s, 18H), 6.45(d, J=8.1HZ, 2H), 7.20-7.24(m, 4H), 7.45(m, 2H), 7.66(t, J=1.7HZ, 1H), 7.70-7.73(m, 2H), 7.80(dd, J=7.7, 1.1HZ, 2H), 8.32-8.50(m, 2H)
    • Example 7 N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]-3,5-di(t-butyl)aniline
  • Figure imgb0024
     The desired compound was obtained as solid (613 mg) in the same manner as with Example 3, except for changing aniline (140 mg) with 3,5-di(t-butyl)aniline (309 mg). 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 1.24(s, 18H), 7.01-7.26(m, 7H), 7.35(t, J=8.0HZ, 2H), 7.56-7.78(m, 8H), 8.62-8.64(m, 2H)
    • Example 8 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0025
     The desired compound was obtained as reddish crystal (124 mg) in the same manner as with Example 4, except for changing N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]aniline (250 mg) with N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]-3,5-di(t-butyl)aniline (248 mg) obtained by Example 7, and changing potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (260 mg) with potassium tetrachloroplatinate (II) (306 mg).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 1.36(s, 18H), 6.28-6.40(m, 2H), 7.01-7.26(m, 4H), 7.34-7.39(m, 4H), 7.35(t, J=1.8Hz, 1H), 7.86-8.00(m, 4H), 8.91-9.00(m, 2H)
    • Reference Example 3 Preparation of 6-bromo-2,2'-bipyridine
  • Figure imgb0026
     The title compound was prepared according to the method described in a document (Organic Synthesis,Vol.78, p53).
    In a nitrogen atmosphere, a THF (5 ml) solution of bromopyridine (0.5 g) was cooled to -78°C, then a hexane solution of n-butyllithium (1.57 M, 2 ml) was added dropwise thereto, after dropwise, the mixture was stirred at 0°C for 3 hours. Thereafter, a THF solution of zinc chloride (3.15 g) was added dropwise to the mixture, after dropwise, the mixture was stirred for 3 hours. Next, 2,6-dibromopyridine (0.75 g) and tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (146 mg) were added to the mixture at room temperature, and the mixture was refluxed for 1 day. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, to which was then added water, the mixture was extracted with toluene, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining desired compound as white crystal (0.5 g).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.26-7.36(m, 1H), 7.49(d, J=7.8HZ, 1H), 7.67(t, J=7.6HZ, 1H), 7.82(t, J=7.8HZ, 1H), 8.36-8.43(m, 2H), 8.65-8.68(m, 1H)
    • Reference Example 4 Preparation of 2-(3-bromophenyl)pyridine
  • Figure imgb0027
     A mixture of 2-bromopyridine (2.5 g, 15.8 mmol), 3-bromophenol (5.5 g, 31.6 mmol) and potassium carbonate (2.2 g, 15.8 mmol) was stirred at 200°C for 3 hours. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, to which was then added an aqueous 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization, thereby obtaining 2.9 g of desired compound as white crystal. Yield: 73.2%.
    • Reference Example 5 Preparation of (2-bromo-6-phenylthio)pyridine
  • Figure imgb0028
     A tetrahydrofuran solution of isopropyl magnesium chloride (11.6 ml, 2.0 M, 23.2 mmol) was added to a tetrahydrofuran (15 ml) solution of 2,6-dibromopyridine (5.0 g, 21.1 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 hours. Triethylamine (2.9 ml, 21.1 mmol) and diphenyldisulfide (5.5 g, 25.3 mmol, 1.2 equivalents) was successively added to the mixture, then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 hours. The reaction mixture was poured into an aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution, the mixture was extracted with diethylether, , the solvent of organic layer was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining 2.8 g of (2-bromo-6-phenylthiopyridine) as brown oil. Yield: 49.9%.
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.71(dd, J=1.0, 7.6Hz, 1H), 7.16(dd, J=0.8, 7.6Hz, 1H), 7.27(t, J=7.7Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.51(m, 3H), 7.54-7.66(m, 2H)
    • Reference Example 6 Preparation of 2-bromo-6-phenylpyridine
  • Figure imgb0029
     A hexane (70 ml) solution of N,N-dimethylaminoethanol (12.0 ml, 118.5 mmol) was dropwise added to a hexane solution of n-butyllithium (150 ml, 1.58 M, 237.0 mmol) at 5°C while 30 minutes. Next, a hexane (10 ml) solution of 2-phenylpyridine (8.5 ml, 59.3 mmol) was dropwise added to the mixture at 5°C while 20 minutes. A hexane solution of 2-lithio-6-phenylpyridine was prepared by the mixture stirred at 5°C for 1 hour additionally.
    A tetrahydrofuran (200 ml) solution of 1,2-dibromo-1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane (17.6 ml, 148.3 mmol) was cooled to -78 °C, then the hexane solution of 2-lithio-6-phenylpyridine was prepared as above was dropwise added thereto while 30 minutes. This reaction mixture was stirred at -78°C for 1 hour, then the mixture was poured into an aqueous ammonium chloride solution, an organic layer was separated, furthermore an aqueous layer was extracted with hexane. The organic layer was combined, and the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization, thereby obtaining 12.0 g of 2-bromo-6-phenylpyridine as white crystal. Yield: 86.4%.
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.38-7.53(m, 4H), 7.60(t, J=7.6HZ, 1H), 7.69(dd, J=1.0, 7.6HZ, 1H), 7.95-8.04(m, 2H)
    • Reference Example 7 Preparation of 2-hydroxy-6-phenylpyridine
  • Figure imgb0030
     An ether (30 ml) solution of phenyl magnesium bromide ether solution (12.3 ml, 3.0 M, 37.0 mmol) was dropwise added to a mixture of 2-chloro-6-methoxypyridine (4.4 ml, 37.0 mmol), 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane nickel (II) chloride (228 mg) and diethyl ether (40 ml) at room temperature while 30 minutes. Thereafter, this reaction mixture was stirred under reflux for 1 hour, then the mixture was poured into an aqueous ammonium chloride solution, an organic layer was separated, furthermore an aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was combined, and the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was filtered through a silica gel, thereby obtaining 7.0 g of crude 2-methoxy-6-phenylpyridine as pale yellow oil.
    A hydrochloric acid (30.8 ml, 370.0 mmol) was added to pyridine (30.0 ml, 370.0 mmol), and the mixture was heated with removing water till an internal reaction temperature reach to 180°C. After the reaction mixture was cooled to 120°C, 2-methoxy-6-phenylpyridine (7.0 g) obtained as above was added to the reaction mixture and stirred at 180°C for 1 hour. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, to which was then added an aqueous 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by recrystallization, thereby obtaining 5.2 g of 2-hydroxy-6-phenylpyridine as white crystal. Yield: 82.1%.
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.50(dd, J=1.0, 8.0HZ, 1H), 6.54(dd, J=1.0, 8.0HZ, 1H), 7.42-7.58(m, 4H), 7.64-7.75(m, 2H), 11.72(brs, 1H)
    • Reference Example 8 Preparation of 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyridine
  • Figure imgb0031
     A tetrahydrofuran solution of 3-methoxyphenyl magnesium bromide (52.4 ml, 1.0 M, 52.4 mmol) was dropwise added to a mixture of 2-bromopyridine (5.0 ml, 52.4 mmol), 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane nickel (II) chloride (284 mg) and diethyl ether (100 ml) at room temperature while 1 hour. Thereafter, this reaction mixture was poured into an aqueous ammonium chloride solution, the mixture was extracted with toluene, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining 9.4 g of 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine as colorless oil.
    A hydrochloric acid (43.7 ml, 524.0 mmol) was added to pyridine (42.4 ml, 524.0 mmol), and the mixture was heated with removing water till an internal reaction temperature reach to 180°C. After the reaction mixture was cooled to 120 °C , 2-(3-methoxyphenyl)pyridine (9.4 g) obtained as above was added to the reaction mixture and stirred at 180°C for 3 hours. After the reaction mixture was cooled, to which was then added an aqueous 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by recrystallization, thereby obtaining 6.9 g of 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyridine as white powder. Yield: 76.9%.
    1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.20(brs, 1H), 6.81(ddd, J=1.2, 2.6, 7.8HZ, 1H), 7.14-7.36(m, 2H), 7.33(dt, J=7.6, 1.6HZ, 1H), 7.49(t, J=2.0HZ, 1H), 7.70(dt, J=1.8, 8.2HZ, 1H), 8.59(ddd, J=0.8, 1.6, 5.0HZ, 1H)
    • Example 9 Preparation of 2-Phenyl-6-[3-2-pyridyloxy]phenyl]pyridine
  • Figure imgb0032
     A THF (30 ml) solution of 2-(3-bromophenyl)pyridine (1.0 g, 4.0 mmol) was cooled to -78°C, then a hexane solution of n-butyllithium (2.8 ml, 1.58 M, 4.4 mmol) was added dropwise thereto while 5 minutes. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 hour at -78°C. Thereafter, a THF solution of zinc chloride (9.2 ml, 0.52 M, 4.8 ml) was added dropwise to the mixture at -78°C while 20 minutes, after dropwise, the temperature of the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature while 30 minutes. Next, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (46 mg) and 2-bromo-6-phenylpyridine (936 mg, 4.0 mmol) were added to the mixture, and the mixture was refluxed for 18 hours. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, then the mixture was poured into a mixture of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (1.4 g, 4.8 mmol)/water (30 ml)/an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (35 ml), an organic layer was separated, furthermore an aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was combined, and the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining 1.0 g of 2-Phenyl-6-[3-2-pyridyloxy]phenyl]pyridine as pale yellow viscous liquid. Yield: 77.1%
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.92-7.06(m, 2H), 7.16-7.26(m, 1H), 7.36-7.58(m, 4H), 7.64-7.86(m, 4H), 7.94-8.04(m, 2H), 8.08-8.18(m, 2H), 8.23(ddd, J=0.6, 2.0, 5.0HZ, 1H)
    • Example 10 Preparation of 2,2'-oxybis(6-phenylpyridine)
  • Figure imgb0033
     A mixture of 2-hydroxy-6-phenylpyridine (1.0 g, 5.8 mmol), 2-bromo-6-phenylpyridine (1.4 g, 5.8 mmol) and potassium carbonate (807 mg, 5.8 mmol) was stirred at 200°C for 8 hours. After the reaction mixture was cooled, to which was then added an aqueous 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining 1.3 g of 2,2'-oxybis(6-phenylpyridine) as colorless crystal. Yield: 68.6%.
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.07(d, J=8.0Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.46(m, 6H), 7.56(d, J=8.0HZ, 2H), 7.80(t, J=8.0HZ, 2H), 7.88-8.00(m, 4H)
    • Example 11 Preparation of 2-phenyl-6-(3-pyridylphenoxy)pyridine
  • Figure imgb0034
     A mixture of 2-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pyridine (1.0 g, 5.8 mmol), 2-bromo-6-phenylpyridine (1.3 g, 5.6 mmol) and potassium carbonate (576 mg, 4.2 mmol) was stirred at 200 °C for 8 hours. After the reaction mixture was cooled, to which was then added an aqueous 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining 1.3 g of 2-phenyl-6-(3-pyridylphenoxy)pyridine as white solid. Yield: 72.1%.
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.83(dd, J=0.8, 8.0HZ, 1H), 7.16-7.45(m, 5H), 7.45-7.58(m, 2H), 7.66-7.80(m, 3H), 7.84(m, 4H), 8.69(dt, J=4.6HZ, 1H)
    • Example 12 Preparation of [2,2'-oxybis(6-phenylpyridinato)-C,N,N,C]platinum
  • Figure imgb0035
     A mixture of dichlorobis(benzonitrile)platinum (II) (100 mg, 0.212 mmol), 2,2'-oxybis(6-phenylpyridine) (69 mg, 0.212 mmol) obtained by Example 10 and o-xylene (20 ml) was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, the reaction mixture was filtered and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization, thereby obtaining 77 mg of [2,2'-oxybis(6-phenylpyridinato)-C,N,N,C]platinum as yellow powder. Yield: 70.2%.
    1H-NMR(CD2Cl2)δ: 7.23(ddd, J=1.2, 7.2, 7.8HZ, 2H), 7.37(dd, J=0.9, 8.2HZ, 2H), 7.42(ddd, J=1.4, 7.2, 7.6HZ, 2H), 7.78(dd, J=0.9, 7.8HZ, 2H), 7.82(dd, 1.4, 7.8HZ, 2H), 8.13(dd, 7.8, 8.2HZ, 2H), 8.31(ddd, J=1.2, 7.6, 25.0(H-Pt), 2H)
    • Reference Example 9 Preparation of 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine
  • Figure imgb0036
     A solution of phenyllithium.cyclohexane/diethyl ether (40.9 ml, 38.4 mmol) was dropwise added to a mixture of 2,2'-bipyridine (5.0 g, 32.0 mmol) and diethyl ether (50 ml) at 5°C while 15 minutes. This reaction mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 hours, then the mixture was poured into water, an organic layer was separated from the mixture, furthermore an aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was combined, and the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was diluted with acetone (50 ml), then saturated potassium permanganate acetone solution (120 ml) was added thereto, the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 hour. The obtained reaction mixture was filtered by Celite, the solvent of the filtrate was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization, thereby obtaining 4.2 g of 6-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine as white crystal. Yield: 55.4%.
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.33(ddd, J=1.4, 4.8, 7.6HZ, 1H), 7.38-7.58(m, 3H), 7.74-7.96(m, 3H), 8.10-8.22(m, 2H), 8.38(dd, J=1.0, 7.6HZ, 1H), 8.61-8.74(m, 2H)
    • Reference Example 10 Preparation of 2-methyl-6-phenylpyridine
  • Figure imgb0037
     A diethyl ether (40 ml) solution of phenyl magnesium bromide diethyl ether solution (21.3 ml, 3.0 M, 63.9 mmol) was dropwise added to a mixture of 2-bromo-6-methylpyridine (10.0 g, 58.1 mmol), 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane nickel (II) chloride (315 mg 1.0 mol%) and diethyl ether (100 ml) while 30 minutes at room temperature, and this reaction mixture was stirred under reflux for 2 hours. Then the mixture was poured into an aqueous saturated ammonium chloride solution, an organic layer was separated, furthermore an aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was combined, and the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining 8.6 g of 2-methyl-6-phenylpyridine as pale yellow oil. Yield: 87.5%.
    1H-NMR (CDCl3) δ: 2.64(s, 3H), 7.10(d, 7.2HZ, 1H), 7.36-7.56(m, 4H), 7.63(t, J=7.7Hz, 1H), 7.96-8.04(m, 2H)
    • Reference Example 11 Preparation of 2-formyl-6-phenylpyridine
  • Figure imgb0038
     A hexane (150 ml) solution of N,N-dimethylaminoethanol (21.0 ml, 210.0 mmol) was dropwise added to a hexane solution of n-butyllithium (266 ml, 1.58 M, 420.0 mmol) at 5°C while 1 hour. Next, a hexane (15 ml) solution of 2-phenylpyridine (15.0 ml, 105.0 mmol) was dropwise added to the mixture at 5°C while 20 minutes. A hexane solution of 2-lithio-6-phenylpyridine was prepared by the mixture stirred at 5°C for 1 hour additionally.
    A tetrahydrofuran (400 ml) solution of N,N-dimethylformamide (20.0 ml), 262.5 mmol) was cooled to -78°C, then the hexane solution of 2-lithio-6-phenylpyridine was prepared as above was dropwise added thereto while 40 minutes. This reaction mixture was stirred at -78°C for 1 hour, then the mixture was poured into an aqueous 1 mol/L hydrochloric acid, an organic layer was separated, furthermore an aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane. The organic layer was combined, the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and distillation, thereby obtaining 17.1 g of 2-formyl-6-phenylpyridine as pale yellow oil. Yield: 88.9%.
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.42-7.58(m, 3H), 7.88-8.00(m, 3H), 8.05-8.14(m, 2H), 10.18(s, 1H)
    • Example 23 Preparation of N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]mesitylamine
  • Figure imgb0039
     942 mg of the title compound was obtained in a similar manner to Example 1 from 509 mg of mesitylaniline with 1.5 g of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)pyridine.
    1H-NMR (CDCl3)δ: 2.07(s, 6H), 2.36(s, 3H), 6.91-7.38(m, 8H), 7.51-7.80(m, 8H), 8.60-8.68(m, 2H)
    • Example 24 Preparation of N,N-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-yl)-1-pyrenylamine
  • Figure imgb0040
     905 mg of the title compound was obtained in a similar manner to Example 1 from 400 mg of 1-aminopyrene with 906 mg of 2-bromo-6-phenylpyridine.
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.02(d, J=8.2Hz, 2H), 7.20-7.32(m, 6H), 7.38(d, J=7.2Hz, 2H), 7.58(t, J=8.0Hz, 2H), 7.74-7.85(m, 3H), 7.93-8.31(m, 10H)
    • Example 25 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0041
     190 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained as yellow crystal in a similar manner to Example 12 from 180 mg of dichlorobis(benzonitrile)platinum with 200 mg of N,N-bis(6-phenylpyridine-2-yl)-1-pyrenylamine.
    1H-NMR(CD2Cl2)δ: 6.24-6.38(m, 2H), 7.16-7.27(m, 2H), 7.45(t, J=7.0HZ, 2H), 7.51-7.66(m, 4H), 7.82-7.89(m, 3H), 8.05-8.51(m, 10H)
    • Example 26 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0042
     A mixture of N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]mesitylamine (471 mg), platinum chloride (II) (284 mg) and benzonitrile was stirred under reflux for 5 hours. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, benzonitrile of the reaction mixture was distilled off, water was added to the residue, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. Methylenedichloride of the organic layer was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography , thereby obtaining target platinum complex as reddish crystal (328 mg).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 1.84(s, 6H), 2.42(m, 3H), 6.17-6.27(m, 2H), 6.99-7.03(m, 2H), 7.12(s, 2H), 7.36-7.43(m, 4H), 7.90-8.01(m, 4H), 8.95-8.97(m, 2H)
    • Example 27 Preparation of N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)aniline
  • Figure imgb0043
  • 661 mg of the title compound was obtained as glassy solid in a similar manner to Example 1 from 360 mg of p-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)aniline with 555 mg of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)pyridine.
    • Example 28 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0044
     262 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained as reddish crystal in a similar manner to Example 26 from 169 mg of platinum chloride (II) with 400 mg of N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]4-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)aniline. 1H-NMR(CD2Cl2)δ: 6.35-6.68(m, 2H), 7.04(t, J=7.6Hz, 2H), 7.26-7.98(m, 18H), 8.12(d, J=7.7Hz, 2H), 8.88-8.94(m, 2H)
    • Example 29 Preparation of N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]-2-biphenylamine
  • Figure imgb0045
     230 mg of the title compound was obtained as glassy solid in a similar manner to Example 1 from 423 mg of 2-biphenylamine with 1 g of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)pyridine. 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.88-7.52(m, 21H), 7.61-7.72(m, 2H), 8.58-8.63(m, 2H)
    • Example 30 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0046
     172 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained as reddish crystal in a similar manner to Example 26 from 230 mg of platinum chloride (II) with 128 mg of N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]-2-biphenylamine.
    1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ: 6.15-6.21(m, 2H), 6.94(t, J=7.8HZ, 2H), 7.02-7.68(m, 13H), 8.01-8.21(m, 2H), 9.03-9.10(m, 2H)
    • Example 31 Preparation of N,N-bis[5-(2-pyridyl)biphenyl-3-yl]aniline
  • Figure imgb0047
     167 mg of the title compound was obtained as glassy solid in a similar manner to Example 1 from 27.1 mg of aniline with 178 mg of 2-(3-phenyl-5-chlorophenyl)pyridine. 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.15-8.03(m, 27H), 8.65-8.69(m, 2H)
    • Example 32 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0048
     170 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained as reddish crystal in a similar manner to Example 26 from 89 mg of platinum chloride (II) with 167 mg of N,N-bis[5-(2-pyridyl)biphenyl-3-yl]aniline.
    1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ: 7.28-7.77(m, 21H), 8.05-8.21(m, 2H), 8.40-8.51(m, 2H), 9.10-9.19(m, 2H)
    • Example 33 Preparation of N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]-4-diphenylaminoaniline
  • Figure imgb0049
     218 mg of the title compound was obtained as glassy solid in a similar manner to Example 1 from 300 mg of 4-(N,N-diphenylamino)aniline with 300 mg of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)pyridine.
    • Example 34 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0050
     131 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained as reddish crystal in a similar manner to Example 26 from 101 mg of platinum chloride (II) with 216 mg of N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]-4-diphenylaminoaniline.
    1H-NMR(CD2Cl2)δ: 6.48(d, J=8.8Hz, 2H), 7.04-7.50 (m, 20H), 7.76-8.11(m, 4H), 8.81-9.01(m, 2H)
    • Example 35 Preparation of 6,6'-bis(diphenylamino)-2,2'-bipyridine
  • Figure imgb0051
     132 mg of the title compound was obtained as white solid in a similar manner to Example 1 from 250 mg of 6,6'-dibromo-2,2'-bipyridine with 296 mg of diphenylamine. 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.64(d, J=8.0Hz, 2H), 7.09-7.54(m, 24H)
    • Example 36 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0052
     87 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained as reddish crystal in a similar manner to Example 26 from 70 mg of platinum chloride (II) with 130 mg of 6,6'-bis(diphenylamino)-2,2'-bipyridine.
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.30-6.53(m, 2H), 6. 76-6. 82 (m, 6H), 7.50-7.59(m, 8H), 7.65-7.70(m, 8H)
    • Example 37 Preparation of N,N-bis[6-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine-2-yl]aniline
  • Figure imgb0053
     In a nitrogen atmosphere, palladium acetate (4.8 mg) and a hexane solution of tri-t-butylphosphine (10 wt%, 0.086 ml) were added to toluene, and the mixture was stirred for a while. Then, sodium carbonate (313 mg), 2,4-difluorophenyl boronic acid (445 mg) and N,N-bis[6-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy]pyridine-2-yl]aniline (686 mg) were added to the mixture, and the reaction mixture was stirred at 100°C for 1 day. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, water was added to the reaction mixture, the organic layer was separated, solvent of the organic layer was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography , thereby obtaining target compound as glassy solid (504 mg).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.78-6.91(m, 4H), 7.03(d, J=8.2Hz, 2H), 7.26-7.48(m, 7H), 7.59-7.82(m, 4H)
    • Example 38 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0054
     434 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained as yellow crystal in a similar manner to Example 2 from 406 mg of dichlorobis(benzonitrile)platinum with 404 mg of N,N-bis[6-(2,4-difluorophenyl)pyridine-2-yl]aniline.
    1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ: 6.66(d, J=8.2Hz, 2H), 6.98-7.05(m, 2H), 7.51-7.85(m, 7H), 7.99(d, J=8.2HZ, 2H), 8.08(t, J=7.8Hz, 2H)
    • Example 39 Preparation of 6-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)-6'-diphenylamino-2,2'-bipyridine
  • Figure imgb0055
     As a similar manner to Example 1, a reactant obtained by 6,6'-dibromo-2,2'-bipyridine (500 mg) and diphenylamine (269 mg) was purified by silica gel column chromatography thereby obtaining target compound as white solid (195 mg).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.78(d, J=9.2Hz, 1H), 7.19-7.63(m, 16H), 7.89-8.02(m, 5H), 8.13(d, J=8.4Hz, 2H)
    • Example 40 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0056
     200 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained as reddish crystal in a similar manner to Example 26 from 163 mg of platinum chloride (II) with 300 mg of 6-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)-6'-diphenylamino-2,2'-bipyridine.
    1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ: 6.50-6.58(m, 1H), 6.79-6.84(m, 2H), 6.94(d, J=9.0Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.29(m, 1H), 7.39-7.90(m, 10H), 8.00-8.65(m, 7H)
    • Preparation Example 41 Preparation of 6-(3-acetoxythiophene-2-yl)-6'-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine
  • Figure imgb0057
     In a nitrogen atmosphere, a tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) solution of 3-methoxythiphene (297 mg) was cooled to -78°C, n-butyllithium(1.57 M hexane solution, 1.7 ml) was dropwise added thereto. After dropwise, the mixture was stirred for 1 hour, zinc chloride (370mg) was added to the mixture, then the temperature of the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to 30°C by degree. Thereafter, 6-phenyl-6'-trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy-2,2'-bipyridine (790 mg), palladium acetate (9.7 mg) and triphenylphosphine were added to the reaction mixture, the temperature of the reaction mixture was raised to 78°C, and stirring for 1 day. Water was added to the reaction mixture, the mixture was extracted with toluene, solvent of organic layer was distilled off, thus crude coupling product was obtained. Concentrated hydrochloric acid and pyridine were added to the crude product, then the mixture was stirred at 180°C for 3 hours. After the reaction mixture was cooled, to which was then added an aqueous 1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution, the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane, the solvent was distilled off, thus crude hydroxy compound was obtained. Pyridine was added to the obtained crude hydroxy compound, acetic anhydride was added thereto, then the mixture was stirred for 24 hours. A solvent of the reaction mixture was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography, thereby obtaining target compound as viscous oil (450 mg).
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 2.40(s,3H), 7.06(d, J=5.4Hz, 2H), 7.18-7.54(m, 4H), 7.74-8.00(m, 4H), 8.13-8.21(m, 2H), 8.51(t, J=7.6HZ, 2H)
    • Preparation Example 42 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0058
     In a nitrogen atmosphere, a mixture of dichlorobis(benzonitrile)platinum (II) (259 mg), 6-(3-acetoxythiophene-2-yl)-6'-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine (225 mg) and 2-ethoxyethanol was stirred at 150°C for 1 day. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, water was added to the reaction mixture, and the mixture was extracted with dichloromethane. The solvent of the organic layer was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography , thereby obtaining target platinum complex as orange solid.
    1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ: 6.93(d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 7.08-7.44(m, 3H), 7.69-7.78(m, 2H), 7.94-8.34(m, 6H)
    • Example 43 Preparation of 3,3'-bis(2-pyridyloxy)biphenyl
  • Figure imgb0059
     In a nitrogen atmosphere, a mixture of 3,3'-biphenol (1.0 g, 5.4 mmol), 2-bromopyridine (1.3 ml, 13.5 mmol) and potassium carbonate (1.1 g, 8.1 mmol) was stirred at 200°C for 4 hours. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, water and dichloromethane were added to the reaction mixture for extraction. The solvent of the organic layer was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and crystallization, thereby obtaining 1.1g of 3,3'-bis(2-pyridiyloxy)biphenyl as white powder. Yield: 59.8%.
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.93(d, J=8.6Hz, 2H), 6.96-7.05(m, 2H), 7.12(dt, J=6.4, 2.6HZ, 2H), 7.33-7.52(m, 6H), 7.69(ddd, J=2.0, 7.4, 8.4HZ, 2H), 8.21(dd, J=2.0, 5.2Hz, 2H)
    • Example 44
  • Figure imgb0060
     A mixture of platinum chloride (II) (391 mg, 1.47 mmol), 3,3'-bis(2-pyridyloxy)biphenyl (500 mg, 1.47 mmol) and benzonitrile (40 ml) was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, the solvent the reaction mixture was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and crystallization, thereby obtaining 540 mg of target platinum complex as yellow powder. Yield :68.9%.
    1H-NMR(CD2Cl2)δ: 6.85(dd, J=1.0, 8.0Hz, 2H), 7.00(dd, J=7.4, 8.0HZ, 2H), 7.09(ddd, J=1.4, 6.0, 7.2Hz, 2H), 7.21(dd, J=1.0, 7.2HZ, 2H), 7.36(ddd, J=0.5, 1.4, 8.5HZ, 2H), 7.95(ddd, J=2.0, 7.2, 8.5Hz, 2H)
    • Preparation Example 45 Preparation of carbonylbis[3-(2-pyridyl)benzene]
  • Figure imgb0061
     In a nitrogen atmosphere, a n-pentane solution of t-butyllithium (17.8 ml, 1.60M, 28.5 mmol) was dropwise added to tetrahydrofuran cooled to -70°C, then a tetrahydrofuran (5 ml) solution of 2-bromopyridine (1.2 ml, 12.9 mmol) was added thereto while 15 minutes, after a dropwise, the mixture was stirred at -70°C for 30 minutes. Then, a tetrahydrofuran solution of zinc chloride (31.8 ml, 0.50 M, 15.9 mmol) was added to the mixture while 10 minutes. Thereafter, the temperature of the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature while 1 hour, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (203 mg) and 3,3'-dibromobenzophenone (2.0 g, 5.88 mmol) were successively added thereto, the reaction mixture was stirred under reflux for 18 hours. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, then the mixture was poured into a mixture of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (7.0 g)/an aqueous saturated sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (210 ml), an organic layer was separated, furthermore an aqueous layer was extracted with toluene. The organic layer was combined, and the solvent was distilled off, and the residue was purified by silica gel column chromatography and recrystallization, thereby obtaining 1.5 g of carbonylbis[3-(2-pyridyl)benzene as white powder. Yield: 75.8%.
    1H-NMR (CDCl3)δ: 7.22-7.34(m, 2H), 7.62(dt, J=0.4, 7.8Hz, 2H), 7.74-7.84(m, 4H), 7.88(dt, J=7.8, 1.4HZ, 2H), 8.30(ddd, J=1.4, 1.8, 7.6Hz, 2H), 8.45(t, J=1.6Hz, 2H), 8.71(dt, J=4.4, 1.6HZ, 2H)
    • Preparation Example 46 Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0062
     A mixture of platinum chloride (II) (395 mg, 1.49 mmol), carbonylbis[3-(2-pyridyl)benzene] (500 mg, 1.49 mmol) and benzonitrile (40 ml) was stirred under reflux for 3 hours. After the reaction mixture was allowed to cool, the precipitate was filtered and collected, then the collected precipitate was purified by sublimation, thereby obtaining 600 mg of target platinum complex as yellow powder. Yield :76.1%.
    Mass Spectrum(EI): m/z=529(M+)
    • Example 47 (a) Preparation of N-mesityl-N-2-[6-(2-pyridyl)pyridine-2-yl]-3,5-diphenylaniline
  • Figure imgb0063
     133 mg of the title compound was obtained as glassy solid in a similar manner to Example 1 from 365 mg of 3,5-diphenylaniline with 350 mg of 2-bromo-6-(2-pyridyl)pyridine and 296 mg of 2-bromomesitylene.
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 2.25(s, 6H), 2.36(s, 3H), 6.69(d, J=1.6Hz, 2H), 6.89-6.96(m, 4H), 7.17(t, J=1.5Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.61(m, 15H)
    • (b) Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0064
     60 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained as reddish crystal in a similar manner to Example 26 from 68 mg of platinum chloride (II) with 133 mg of N-mesityl-N-2-[6-(2-pyridyl)pyridine-2-yl]-3,5-diphenylaniline.
    1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 1.92(s, 6H), 2.49(s, 3H), 6.18(d, J=1.6Hz, 1H), 6.65(d, J=8.2Hz, 1H), 6.91-7.02(m, 2H), 7.31-7.84(m, 10H), 7.97-8.13(m, 2H), 8.24(d, J=7.0Hz, 1H), 8.42(dt, J=1.6, 8.2Hz, 1H), 8.78(d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 9.62(d, J=5.7Hz, 1H)
    • Example 48 (a) Preparation of N,N-bis[3-(2-thiazolyl)phenyl]aniline
  • Figure imgb0065
     96.3% yield of N,N-bis[3-(2-thiazolyl)phenyl]aniline was obtained as white powder in a similar manner to Example 47 (a) from aniline with 2-(3-chlorophenyl)thiazole. 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.06(tt, J=1.4, 7.2Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.21(m, 4H), 7.24-7.39(m, 8H), 7.60(ddd, J=1.0, 1.6, 7.8Hz, 2H), 7.75(t, J=2.0Hz, 2H), 7.81(d, J=3.4Hz, 2H)
    • (b) Preparation of a platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0066
     27.3% yield of the target platinum complex was obtained in a similar manner to Example 47 from platinum chloride (II) with N,N-bis[3-(2-thiazolyl)phenyl]aniline. 1H-NMR(CD2Cl2)δ: 6.18(ddd, J=1.0, 8.5, 18.4Hz, 2H), 6.92(dd, J=7.3, 8.4Hz, 2H), 7.21(dd, J=0.8, 7.2Hz, 2H), 7.28-7.33(m, 2H), 7.49(d, J=3.5Hz, 2H), 7.52(tt, J=1.2, 7.2Hz, 1H), 7.64-7.68(m, 2H), 8.02(d, 2H)
    • Example 51 Preparation of N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]-4-n-octylaniline
  • Figure imgb0067
     819 mg of the title compound was obtained as glassy solid in a similar manner to Example 1 from 400 mg of 4-n-octylaniline with 776 mg of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)pyridine.
    • Example 52. Preparation of platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0068
     325 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained in a similar manner to Example 26 from 212 mg of platinum chloride (II) with 409 mg of N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]-4-n-octylaniline.
    1H-NMR (DMSO-d6)δ: 0.86-0.89(m, 3H), 1.28-1.72(m, 12H9, 2.74(t, J=7.4Hz, 2H), 6.08-6.22(m, 2H), 6.93-6.97(m, 2H), 7.14-7.16(m, 2H), 7.59(d, J=7.0Hz, 2H), 7.50(d, J=8.3Hz, 2H), 8.06-8.10(m, 2H), 8.20(d, J=8.0Hz, 2H), 9.06-9.15(m, 2H)
    • Example 57 (a) Preparation of N,N-bis[3-(4-t-butylpyridine-2-yl)phenyl]aniline
  • Figure imgb0069
     364 mg of the title compound was obtained as glassy solid in a similar manner to Example 1 from 88 mg of aniline with 464 mg of 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-4-t-butylpyridine. 1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 1.31(s, 18H), 7.15-7.40(m, 10H), 7.58-7.79(m, 7H), 8.52(d, J=5.4Hz, 2H)
    • (b) Preparation of platinum complex
  • Figure imgb0070
     325 mg of the target platinum complex was obtained as reddish crystal in a similar manner to Example 26 from 179 mg of platinum chloride (II) with 344 mg of N,N-bis[3-(4-t-butylpyridine-2-yl)phenyl]aniline.
    1H-NMR(DMSO-d6)δ: 1.14(s, 18H), 6.09(d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 6.89-6.99(m, 2H), 7.25-7.78(m, 9H), 8.13(br, 2H), 8.97-9.02(m, 2H)
    • Example 58 Preparation of 6-diphenylamino-6'-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine
  • Figure imgb0071
     1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.75(dd, J=0.6, 8.2Hz, 1H), 7.12-7.55(m, 13H), 7.60(t, J=7.9Hz, 1H), 7.66-7.78(m, 2H), 7.9.5(dd, J=2.4, 6.2Hz, 1H), 8.08-8.20(m,3H).
    • Example 59 Preparation of 6-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)-6'-phenyl-2,2'-bipyridine
  • Figure imgb0072
     1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.35(dt, J=1.2, 7.6Hz, 2H), 7.42-7.62(m, 5H), 7.68(dd, J=1.0, 8.0Hz, 1H), 7.81(dd, J=1.2, 7.8Hz, 1H), 7.91(t, J=7.8Hz, 1H), 7.97(d, J=8.0Hz, 2H),8.09(t, J=7.8Hz, 1H),8.12-8.26(m, 4H), 8.46(dd, J=1.4, 7.6Hz, 1H), 8.67(dd, J=1.0, 7.8Hz, 1H).
    • Example 60 Preparation of 2-diphenylamino-6-[3-(2-pyridyl)phenyl]pyridine
  • Figure imgb0073
     1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.68(d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.13-7.58 (m, 14H), 7.68(dt, J=1.4, 8.0Hz, 1H), 7.75(dt, J=2.0, 8.2Hz, 1H), 7.91(dt, J=1.4, 8.0Hz, 1H), 8.04(dt, J=1.4, 8.0Hz, 1H), 8.49(t, J=1.5Hz, 1H), 8.67-8.75(m, 1H)
    • Example 61 Preparation of 2-phenoxy-6-[3-(2-pyridyloxy)phenyl]pyridine
  • Figure imgb0074
     1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.77(dd, J=0.6, 8.0Hz, 1H), 6.90(dt, J=8.2, 0.8Hz, 1H), 7.00(ddd, J=1.0, 5.2, 7.4Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.24(m, 4H), 7.30-7.50(m, 4H), 7.62-7.80(m, 4H), 8.20(ddd, J=0.8, 2.0, 5.2Hz, 1H)
    • Example 62 Preparation of 3,3'-bis[N-phenyl-N-(2-pyridyl)amino]biphenyl
  • Figure imgb0075
     1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6. 72-6. 84 (m, 4H), 7. 08-7. 38 (m, 18H), 7.44(ddd, J=2.0, 7.4, 8.4Hz, 2H), 8.18-8.26(m, 2H)
    • Example 63 Preparation of 2-diphenylamino-6-{3-[N-phenyl-N-(2-pyridyl)amino]phenyl}pyridine
  • Figure imgb0076
     1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.60(d, J=8.2Hz, 1H), 6.70-6.84(m, 2H), 7.00-7.50(m, 20H), 7.60(d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 7.70(t, J=1.8Hz, 1H), 8.23(dd, J=1.6, 4.6Hz, 1H)
    • Example 64 Preparation of 6-diphenylaminopyridine-2-yl 6-phenylpyridine-2-yl ether
  • Figure imgb0077
     1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.43(d, J=8.0Hz, 1H), 6.58(d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 6.91(dd, J=0.6, 8.0Hz, 1H), 6.96-7.24(m, 10H), 7.36-7.56(m, 5H), 7.63(7.6Hz, 1H),7.94-8.03(m, 2H)
    • Example 65 Preparation of 6-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)pyridine-2-yl 6-phenylpyridine-2-yl ether
  • Figure imgb0078
     1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.98-7.24(m, 6H), 7.38-7.52(m, 4H), 7.63(d, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 7.78(d, J=8.4Hz, 2H), 7.81(t, J=7.6Hz, 1H), 7.92-8.10(m, 5H)
    • Example 66 Preparation of 2,2'-oxybis(6-diphenylaminopyridine)
  • Figure imgb0079
     1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.36(d, J=7.8Hz, 2H), 6.44(d, J=7.8Hz, 2H), 7.03-7.15(m, 14H), 7.20-7.32(m, 6H), 7.36(t, J=7.8Hz, 2H)
    • Example 67 Preparation of 2,2'-oxybis[6-(9H-carbazole-9-yl)pyridine]
  • Figure imgb0080
     1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 7.08-7.24(m, 10H), 7.44(d, J=7.8Hz, 2H), 7.75-7.84(m, 4H), 7.97(t, J=7.8Hz, 2H), 7.98-8.08(m, 4H)
    • Example 68 Preparation of N,N-bis[3-(2-pyridyloxy)phenyl]aniline
  • Figure imgb0081
     1H-NMR(CDCl3)δ: 6.77(ddd, J=1.0, 2.4, 8.0Hz, 2H), 6.85(dt, J=0.6, 8.8Hz, 2H), 6.86-7.08(m, 7H), 7.14-7.32(m, 6H), 7.64(ddd, J=2.0, 7.2, 8.4Hz, 2H), 8.18(ddd, J=0.8, 2.0, 5.0Hz, 2H)
    • Example 69
  • An organic EL device of a structure shown in Fig. 1 was manufactured.
    On a glass substrate (g), an anode (f), a hole-transporting layer (e), a light-emitting layer (d) comprising a host material and a dope material, a hole blocking layer (c), an electron-transporting layer (b) and a cathode (a) were formed successively from the side of the glass substrate (g). In the organic EL device, each of the anode (f) and the cathode (a) are connected to a lead wire, and voltage could be applied between the anode (f) and the cathode (a).
    The anode (f) was an ITO film and deposited on the glass substrate (g).
    The hole-transporting layer (e) was formed by using the following compound (α-NPD)
    Figure imgb0082
     and by a vacuum vapor deposition method to a thickness of 40 nm on the anode (f).
    The light-emitting layer (d) containing the host material and the phosphorescent material as dopant was formed by using both of the following compound (CBP):
    Figure imgb0083
     and the platinum complex obtained in Example 2 and by vacuum vapor co-deposition (doping amount 3% by weight) to a thickness of 35 nm over the hole-transporting layer (e).
    The hole blocking layer (c) was formed by using the following compound (BCP)
    Figure imgb0084
     to a thickness of 10 nm on the light-emitting layer (d) by a vacuum vapor deposition method.
    The electron-transporting layer (b) was formed by using the following compound (Alq3):
    Figure imgb0085
     to a thickness of 35 nm on the hole blocking layer (c) by a vacuum vapor deposition method.
    The cathode (a) was formed of a laminate by vacuum vapor co-depositing Mg and Ag at a ratio of 10:1 to a thickness of 100 nm successively from the side of the electron-transporting layer (b) and then further vacuum vapor depositing Ag at a thickness of 10 nm.
    Upon applying a plus voltage to the anode (ITO) (f) and a minus voltage to the cathode (a) of the obtained organic EL device, stable light emission was confirmed even at a very low voltage. At the brightness of 100 cd/m2, the luminous efficiency was extremely high as the external quantum efficiency of 4.2% and the power efficiency of 5.3 lm/W of the device. Further, a green light emission of extremely high color purity was obtained due to the compound of the invention used for the light-emitting layer (d), and the CIE chromaticity point at the brightness of 100 dc/m2 was: (x, y) = 0.32, 0.55.
    • Example 70
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and using the platinum complex obtained in Example 6 for the light-emitting layer (d) was manufactured.
    • Example 71
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and using the platinum complex obtained in Example 4 for the light-emitting layer (d) was manufactured.
    • Example 72
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and using the platinum complex obtained in Example 12 for the light-emitting layer (d) was manufactured.
    • Example 73
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and using the platinum complex obtained in Example 8 for the light-emitting layer (d) was manufactured.
    • Example 74
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and using the platinum complex obtained in Example 26 for the light-emitting layer (d) was manufactured.
    • Example 75
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and constructed with a laminate formed by using the platinum complex obtained in Example 28 for the light-emitting layer (d) and vacuum vapor depositing LiF at 0.5 nm and Al at 100 nm thickness successively from the side of the electron-transporting layer (b) to the cathode (a) was manufactured.
    • Example 76
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and constructed with a laminate formed by using the platinum complex obtained in Example 34 for the light-emitting layer (d) and vacuum vapor depositing LiF at 0.5 nm and Al at 100 nm thickness successively from the side of the electron-transporting layer (b) to the cathode (a) was manufactured.
    • Example 77
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and constructed with a laminate formed by using the platinum complex (doping amount 6% by weight) obtained in Example 38 for the light-emitting layer (d), using BAlq for the hole blocking layer (c) and vacuum vapor depositing LiF at 0.5 nm and Al at 100 nm thickness successively from the side of the electron-transporting layer (b) to the cathode (a) was manufactured. BAlq is the following compound.
    Figure imgb0086
    • Example 78
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and constructed with a laminate formed by using the platinum complex (doping amount 6% by weight) obtained in Example 44 for the light-emitting layer (d), and vapor depositing LiF to 0.5 nm and Al to 100 nm thickness successively from the side of the electron-transporting layer (b) to the cathode (a) was manufactured.
    • Example 79
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and constructed with a laminate formed by using the platinum complex (doping amount 6% by weight) obtained in Example 32 for the light-emitting layer (d), using BAlq for the hole blocking layer (c) and vapor depositing LiF to 0.5 nm and Al to 100 nm thickness successively from the side of the electron-transporting layer (b) to the cathode (a) was manufactured.
    • Comparative Example 80
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and constructed with a laminate formed by using the platinum complex (doping amount 6% by weight) obtained in Preparation Example 42 for the light-emitting layer (d), using BAlq for the hole blocking layer (c) and vapor depositing LiF to 0.5 nm and Al to 100 nm thickness successively from the side of the electron-transporting layer (b) to the cathode (a) was manufactured.
    • Example 81 -
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 constructed with a laminate formed by using the platinum complex (doping amount 6% by weight) obtained in Example 30 for the light-emitting layer (d), using BAlq for the hole blocking layer (c), and vacuum vapor depositing LiF to 0.5 nm and Al to 100 nm thickness successively from the side of the electron-transporting layer (b) to the cathode (a) was manufactured.
    • Comparative Example 82
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and constructed with a laminate formed by using the platinum complex (doping amount 6% by weight) obtained in Preparation Example 46 for the light-emitting layer (d), and vacuum vapor depositing LiF to 0.5 nm and Al to 100 nm thickness successively from the side of the electron-transporting layer (b) to the cathode (a) was manufactured.
    • Example 83
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 27 and constructed with a laminate formed by using the platinum complex (doping amount 6% by weight) obtained in Example 52 for the light-emitting layer (d), and vacuum vapor depositing LiF to 0.5 nm and Al to 100 nm thickness successively from the side of the electron-transporting layer (b) to the cathode (a) was manufactured.
    • Example 84
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 69 and constructed with a laminate using BAlq and the platinum complex obtained in Example 4 for the light-emitting layer (d), conducting vacuum vapor deposition simultaneously (doping amount 6% by weight), using BAlq for the hole blocking layer (c), and vacuum vapor depositing LiF to 0.5 nm and Al to 100 nm thickness successively from the side of the electron-transporting layer (b) to the cathode (a) was manufactured.
    • Example 85
  • A device having the same device structure as in Example 27 and constructed with a laminate formed by using the platinum complex (doping amount 6% by weight) obtained in Example 48 for the light-emitting layer (d), and vacuum vapor depositing LiF to 0.5 nm and Al to 100 nm thickness successively from the side of the electron-transporting layer (b) to the cathode (a) was manufactured.
  • The result for the evaluation of the devices manufactured in the examples described above are shown below. [Table 1]
    Example No. EL peak (nm) CIE chromaticity (x, y) External quantum efficiency (%) Power efficiency (lm/W)
    @100 cd/m2 @100 cd/m2 @100 cd/m2
    70 510.6 0.32, 0.59 1.2 1.1
    71 610.0 0.63, 0.36 10.5 6.7
    72 510.0 0.35, 0.59 5.3 5.0
    73 619.8 0.66, 0.34 10.1 4.8
    74 614.6 0.64, 0.35 7.8 3.5
    75 605.5 0.62, 0.37 7.6 4.6
    76 613.2 0.64, 0.35 5.9 3.1
    77 492.5 0.36, 0.49 4.1 3.8
    78 505.5 0.31, 0.51 1.2 1.3
    79 623.3 0.67, 0.33 9.3 3.6
    80* 594.7 0.52, 0.44 1.4 0.8
    81 610.0 0.64, 0.36 10.6 5.9
    82* 501.2 0.27, 0.58 5.1 5.6
    83 618.4 0.64, 0.36 9.2 4.6
    84 610.0 0.64, 0.36 10.6 5.9
    85 635.0 0.67, 0.32 7.1 4.7
    Examples 80 and 82 are comparative examples.

Claims (6)

  1. A platinum complex represented by the following formula (1):
    Figure imgb0087
     wherein two rings of ring A, ring B, ring C and ring D represent nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings chosen from pyridine ring, diazine ring, triazine ring, pyrrole ring, diazole ring, triazole ring, thiazole ring, thiadiazole ring, oxazole ring, oxadiazole ring, benzothiazine ring, and benzopyrrole group which may have substituent(s) and the remaining two rings represent optionally substituted aryl rings or heteroaryl rings, selected from optionally substituted benzene ring, optionally substituted pyridine ring, optionally substituted diazine ring, optionally substituted triazine ring, optionally substituted pyrrole ring, optionally substituted diazole ring, optionally substituted furan ring, optionally substituted thiophene ring, optionally substituted naphthalene ring, optionally substituted benzopyridine ring, optionally substituted benzodiazine ring, optionally substituted benzofuran ring, and optionally substituted benzothiophene ring, or condensed rings where one or two of the 5- or 6-membered aromatic hydrocarbon rings or aromatic heterocyclic rings are condensed to said rings; two of X1, X2, X3, and X4 represent nitrogen atoms coordination bonded to a platinum atom and the remaining two of them represent carbon atoms, Q1, Q2 and Q3 represent independently a bivalent atom (group) chosen from an oxygen atom or -NR3-, or single bond providing that Q1, Q2 and Q3 do not represent single bond simultaneously, R3 represents an alkyl group, an aralkyl group or an aryl group and two of Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 represent coordination bonds, and the remaining two represent covalent bonds.
  2. A platinum complex according to claim 1, represented by the following formula (2):
    Figure imgb0088
     wherein R6, R7, R8, and R9 each represent independently alkyl group, halogenated alkyl group, aralkyl group, aryl group, amino group, mono- or di-alkyl amino group, mono or di-aralkyl amino group, mono- or di-aryl amino group, alkoxy group, aralkyloxy group, aryloxy group or heteroaryloxy group, and R6 and R7, R6 and R8 and/or R7 and R9 may form condensed rings; m1, m2, m3, and m4 each represent the number of R6, R7, R8, and R9 and independently represent an integer of 0 to 3; in a case where each of m1, m2, m3, and m4 is an integer of 2 or greater, plural R6, R7, R8, and R9 may be different from each other and further, a group of R6, a group of R7, a group of R8, and a group of R9 may join to each other to form a condensed ring structure; Q1, Q2 and Q3 are as defined in claim 1; two of X1 X2, X3, and X4 represent nitrogen atoms coordination bonded to the platinum atom and the remaining two represent carbon atoms; and two of Z1, Z2, Z3, and Z4 represent coordination bonds, and the remaining two represent covalent bonds.
  3. A light-emitting device in which a light-emitting layer or plural thin organic compound layers containing a light-emitting layer are formed between a pair of electrodes, in which at least one layer is a layer containing at least one kind of platinum complexes represented by the formula (1), as defined above.
  4. The light-emitting device according to claim 3, wherein platinum complexes represented by the formula (1) are platinum complexes represented by the formula (2), as defined above.
  5. A light-emitting device according to claim 3 or 4, wherein the light-emitting device is an organic electroluminescence device.
  6. A light-emitting device according to any of claims 3 to 5, wherein the platinum complex contained in at least one layer may function as a doping material in the light-emitting layer of the organic electroluminescence device.
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JP4110173B2 (en) 2008-07-02
EP1683804A2 (en) 2006-07-26
CN1875026A (en) 2006-12-06
KR20060115371A (en) 2006-11-08
TW200528535A (en) 2005-09-01
US20070103060A1 (en) 2007-05-10
TWI316540B (en) 2009-11-01
WO2005042444A2 (en) 2005-05-12
US7442797B2 (en) 2008-10-28
JPWO2005042444A1 (en) 2007-04-26
KR101044087B1 (en) 2011-06-27
CN100445294C (en) 2008-12-24
EP1683804A4 (en) 2009-04-01

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