EP1676088A2 - Circuit element for a heat exchanger, and heat exchanger thus obtained - Google Patents

Circuit element for a heat exchanger, and heat exchanger thus obtained

Info

Publication number
EP1676088A2
EP1676088A2 EP04787454A EP04787454A EP1676088A2 EP 1676088 A2 EP1676088 A2 EP 1676088A2 EP 04787454 A EP04787454 A EP 04787454A EP 04787454 A EP04787454 A EP 04787454A EP 1676088 A2 EP1676088 A2 EP 1676088A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fluid
tube
heat exchanger
circuit element
tubes
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04787454A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1676088B1 (en
Inventor
Jérôme GENOIST
Carlos Da Silva
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
Original Assignee
Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Valeo Thermique Moteur SA filed Critical Valeo Thermique Moteur SA
Priority to PL04787454T priority Critical patent/PL1676088T3/en
Publication of EP1676088A2 publication Critical patent/EP1676088A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1676088B1 publication Critical patent/EP1676088B1/en
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28F—DETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00—Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02—Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219—Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0221—Header boxes or end plates formed by stacked elements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05358—Assemblies of conduits connected side by side or with individual headers, e.g. section type radiators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383—Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02—Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D2001/0253—Particular components
    • F28D2001/026—Cores
    • F28D2001/0266—Particular core assemblies, e.g. having different orientations or having different geometric features
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00—Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/0049—Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for lubricants, e.g. oil coolers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a circuit element for a heat exchanger, in particular a heat exchanger for the equipment of a motor vehicle. More specifically, it relates to a circuit element for exchanging heat between a first fluid and a second fluid, defining a path for the first fluid.
  • It also relates to heat exchangers obtained from these circuit elements, and more particularly to heat exchangers capable of withstanding high pressures.
  • exchangers commonly consist of a bundle of parallel tubes mounted between two manifolds, the tubes alternating with interleaves for example corrugated type.
  • Exchangers consisting of a single tube folded in the form of a coil are also known. These exchangers have many applications and can especially be used as condensers in motor vehicle air conditioning systems or as oil coolers.
  • the exchanger must be of rectangular shape because of the presence of the manifolds.
  • it is necessary to add and integrate additional parts, the partitions, in the collector boxes.
  • the manufacture of these exchangers is also difficult because it is necessary to punch and pop the collector plates. It is difficult to thread small tubes into a large collector with low tolerances.
  • the manufacture of these exchangers is more expensive because the components are made by machining material.
  • the coil exchangers do not allow passes to be made. Their manufacture is long because it is difficult to industrialize. It takes a long time to make a coil with a machine. As a result, heat exchangers made with this technology have a higher cost price than tube and collector heat exchangers.
  • US 6196304 A proposes a heat exchanger comprising a stack of circuit elements.
  • Each circuit element has a tube and two spacers that overlap the ends of the tubes. The ends of each tube are previously crushed and welded so that the fluid that passes through each tube can enter or exit only through transverse openings made in end regions of the tube, and not by the closed ends of the tube.
  • Each spacer element is obtained from a folded sheet metal strip to form two branches.
  • the branches of each spacer may comprise a transverse passage shaped to face the opening of the tube in the corresponding end zone, which forms a communication passage.
  • the first fluid can flow from a given tube to an adjacent tube through this communication passage.
  • the spacer members that overlap the ends of a given tube are in contact with the spacer members that overlap the ends of the adjacent tubes, and thereby provide a gap between two adjacent tubes to form a passage for the second fluid. This spacing allows in addition to placing a spacer in the passage duct to improve heat exchange.
  • FR 2834336 A proposes an exchanger also comprising a stack of circuit elements. Each circuit element
  • the tip 15 comprises at least one tube and at least one endpiece at one end of the tube.
  • the tip comprises at least one communication passage that defines the path of a first fluid. This tip does not have the drawbacks of the spacer element proposed by US 6196304 A, insofar as it comprises
  • each endpiece according to FR 2834336 A comprises at least one generally frustoconical boss.
  • the bosses facing two adjacent circuit elements are in abutment and thus define the spacing between two adjacent tubes.
  • the pitch between two adjacent tubes of the exchanger 0 is increased by the presence of the bosses, and the performance of the exchanger is not optimal.
  • such an exchanger is not very resistant to high pressures because the bosses can be deformed.
  • the present invention relates to a hydraulic circuit element for a heat exchanger which overcomes these disadvantages known from the prior art.
  • the invention proposes a hydraulic circuit element 0, for heat exchange between a first fluid and a second fluid, defining a path for the first fluid.
  • the circuit element comprises at least one tube having at least one open end and a tip, the tip comprising a bottom sealing said end and a side wall surrounding the tube adjacent said end.
  • the side wall has at least one opening in communication with a lateral opening of the tube to help define the path of the first fluid.
  • the side wall of the nozzle applies tightly to the tube over its entire surface.
  • circuit element according to the invention complementary or substitution, are set out below:
  • each endpiece consists of a sheet metal strip pressed to form the bottom and folded to form two branches, the side wall comprising the branches. - The two branches of each tip are of equal length.
  • the two branches of each end are of unequal length. -
  • the branches have a generally flat surface.
  • the said tube or tubes are generally flat.
  • each tube has multiple channels.
  • the circuit element comprises a single tube having a terminal end at each end thereof.
  • the circuit element consists of several tubes, an intermediate nozzle being present between two successive tubes.
  • circuit element characterized in that it has a rectilinear shape.
  • the circuit element has a broken general shape.
  • the invention further proposes a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a stack of circuit elements according to one of the preceding characteristics communicating with each other via the openings of the end pieces to allow a passage of the first fluid. between the circuit elements.
  • a heat exchanger in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a stack of circuit elements according to one of the preceding characteristics communicating with each other via the openings of the end pieces to allow a passage of the first fluid. between the circuit elements.
  • circuit elements come into contact with the branches of their respective ends when they are stacked, so that the branches of a circuit element rest on the branches of the adjacent circuit elements.
  • the heat exchanger contains a refrigerant fluid as the first fluid and the cooling liquid as a second fluid.
  • the heat exchanger contains a refrigerant fluid as a first fluid and as a second fluid.
  • the heat exchanger contains the oil as the first fluid and the coolant as the second fluid.
  • the pitch p tUb ⁇ ⁇ 3 u i separates the respective tubes of two adjacent circuit elements is equal to 2 * e branch + e tube , where e branch refers to the thickness of a branch of a tip and e tube refers to tube thickness.
  • the heat exchanger has two brazed side plates on the stack of circuit elements.
  • the exchanger comprises an outer casing in which is arranged the stack of circuit elements.
  • the outer casing consists of casing elements brazed together.
  • the housing elements comprise half-shells, and two covers welded to the ends formed by the half-shells.
  • the outer housing is a plastic molded part in which is placed the stack of soldered circuit elements.
  • the heat exchanger comprises a turbulator arranged in the space delimited by two adjacent circuit elements.
  • FIG. 1 is a view of a tube exchanger and collector boxes according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a view of a coil heat exchanger according to the prior art
  • FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an exchanger according to the present invention.
  • FIG. 4a is a partial perspective view of the right portion of the exchanger shown in Figure 3;
  • FIG. 4b is a perspective view of a circuit element of the exchanger shown in FIG. 3;
  • FIG. 8a is a perspective view of the end of an exemplary tube comprising a communication opening
  • Figure 8b is a longitudinal sectional view of the end of a circuit element according to the invention
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 are various views which show folding steps of a sheet metal strip to form a tip having branches of unequal lengths
  • FIG. 11 to 13 are partial perspective views of an exchanger according to the present invention.
  • FIGS. 14 to 16 are perspective views of an exchanger according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • FIGS. 17 to 19 are perspective views of an exchanger according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a heat exchanger of the conventional type comprising a bundle of flat tubes interposed between two collecting boxes.
  • the beam 2 is formed of a multiplicity of flat tubes 4 arranged parallel to each other and alternating with corrugated inserts 6. These spacers are formed from a metal strip which is deformed to form corrugations.
  • An interlayer 6 is disposed between two adjacent tubes 4 and comes into respective contact with these two tubes 4 by end regions of the corrugations.
  • the tubes 4 of the bundle are inserted, at each of their ends, in openings made in collector plates 8, also called collectors.
  • the collector plates 8 are closed by a cover 9 to form collector boxes 10, for example coolant or air boxes.
  • FIG 2 Another known type of exchanger, namely a coil exchanger.
  • the exchanger consists of a single tube 14 folded in the form of a coil. Corrugated spacers 6 may be arranged between the back and forth of the coil.
  • An exchanger of this type is simpler than the tube and manifold beam exchanger shown in Figure 1. It has fewer parts. However, the industrialization of its manufacture is delicate and in total, a coil exchanger is more expensive to manufacture than a tube and collector heat exchanger. In addition, an exchanger of this type can not be arranged to include passes.
  • the heat exchanger consists of stacked circuit elements 20.
  • FIG. 4b shows a circuit element according to the invention.
  • Each circuit element 20 consists of a tube 22 having two "open" ends, that is to say that allow the entry of fluid into the tube or the outlet of the fluid from the tube.
  • a circuit element may comprise several tubes.
  • a tip 24 is attached to each open end of the tube 22.
  • Each tip 24 includes a side wall which surrounds the tube on an end portion which is located adjacent the associated open end.
  • the side wall is closely supported on the tube 22 over its entire surface, in particular to prevent swelling of the tube when the first fluid reaches high pressures.
  • each endpiece consists of a sheet metal strip stamped and folded to form a bottom 42 and two branches 31 of generally flat surface and without boss, shown in Figure 4b.
  • the lateral part of the tip 24 is constituted by the two branches 31.
  • FIG. 3 does not show the delimitation between the upper branch and the lower branch, and the bottom of the tip for clarity and to simplify the representation of the general structure of the invention.
  • the circuit elements are shaped such that, when stacked, the lower (respectively upper) branch of a tip of a circuit element 20 bears with the upper (respectively lower) branch of the element. adjacent circuit.
  • the surface of the branches comprises an outwardly frustoconical boss and the bosses facing two adjacent circuit elements are supported.
  • the contact area between two adjacent circuit elements according to the present invention is greater than in FR 2834336 A.
  • each nozzle has at least one opening which communicates with a lateral opening of the associated tube 22.
  • a branch 31 of a nozzle 24 may be full, that is to say have no opening. In this case, it does not allow the passage of the first fluid.
  • a branch 31 of a tip 24 may include an opening that allows the passage of the first fluid.
  • the closed branches are shown schematically by a small hatched circle 28a, and the perforated branches, allowing the passage of the first fluid, by a small circle 28b without hatching.
  • These small circles 28a and 28b are connected to the corresponding branch by a dotted line for clarity.
  • the opening 28b of the branch of a tip 24 is represented by a small unhatched rectangle while the absence of opening of the branch of a tip is designated by a small hatched rectangle.
  • the lateral openings of the tube are designated 220.
  • each tube 22 has been assembled with its respective ends 24, beforehand.
  • the ends of each tube allow the passage of the first fluid through the openings 28b of the branches and corresponding openings 220 of the tubes. They also make it possible to retain the fluid that can escape from the tube, thanks to the bottom 42 shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
  • the surface of the branches 31 is tightly applied to the tube, which allows in particular to keep it tight.
  • the first fluid enters the exchanger in the upper right portion of the exchanger, as shown schematically by the arrow 30.
  • the first fluid moves from right to left (arrow 32) and runs through the upper tube 22 of the exchanger.
  • the fluid reaches the nozzle 24 located in the left part (according to Figure 3) of the upper tube 22 of the exchanger.
  • the upper branch is closed (28a), while the lower branch of the nozzle 24 has an opening (28b).
  • the fluid can thus pass from the upper circuit element 20 to the immediately lower circuit element, as shown schematically by the arrow 34.
  • the first fluid then flows through the second circuit element 20 from left to right according to FIGS. At the right end of the second circuit element 20, it passes into the lower circuit element (arrow 36) through the openings 28b provided in the branches of the adjacent tips, as previously described.
  • the fluid thus makes a series of trips back and forth in the tubes of the circuit elements from right to left and from left to right, exactly as in a coil exchanger of the type shown in FIG. 2.
  • the first fluid leaves the exchanger in the left part of the latter, as schematized by the arrow 38.
  • the first fluid is in heat exchange relation with a second fluid which circulates between the tubes in the axial direction of the tubes 22.
  • the absence of boss on the surface of the tips 24 decreases the risk of deformation at the contacts between the tubes, when the first fluid reaches high pressures.
  • the circuit elements according to the invention also make it possible to reduce the pitch between the adjacent tubes in the exchanger, with respect to the circuit elements provided with bosses of FR 2834336 A.
  • a heat exchanger has been made in a simple manner, allowing a heat exchange between a first fluid to high pressure, and a second fluid at low pressure, in particular the engine coolant or a heat exchange between a first fluid at high pressure, and a second fluid at high pressure, for example an exchange between a first fluid C0 2 and a second fluid C0 2 .
  • Such an exchanger is able to withstand high pressures without requiring additional reinforcement or machining of the exchanger components.
  • an exchanger which defines a path for the first fluid similar to that of a coil exchanger.
  • the production of the exchanger from the circuit elements according to the invention makes the exchanger modular and makes it possible to obtain different types of paths.
  • the number and the length of the circuit elements can be chosen as a function of the size of the installation in which the exchanger (for example an automobile air-conditioning system) is used, the performances required for the heat exchange etc.
  • FIGS. 5 to 7 show different views of a nozzle 24 intended for a circuit element 20 of a heat exchanger according to the invention, in particular a heat exchanger represented in FIGS. 3 to 4b.
  • the tips are made by stamping and bending a metal sheet strip, preferably aluminum, to form two branches 31 generally flat surface and without boss. The stamping allows for possible openings of the branches. As a simplification, the openings 28b are not shown in FIGS. 5 to 7.
  • a stamp 42 is formed in the aluminum strip between the branches 31.
  • the stamp 42 forms the bottom of the nozzle 24.
  • the sheet metal strip is then folded so as to bring the two branches together, as can be seen on Figure 6.
  • the stamping is shaped to accommodate an end of the corresponding tube so as to retain the liquid exiting this end. It thus prevents the liquid from escaping in the axial direction of the tube after assembly of the circuit element.
  • the section of the stamping 42 is adapted to the section of the corresponding tube and the bottom of the stamping may be substantially rounded so that the corresponding end does not rest entirely against the bottom wall of the stamped 42.
  • the stamp 42 allows to provide an interior volume to retain the fluid from the end of the tube while providing satisfactory resistance to high pressures.
  • the tips allow not only the passage of the first fluid of a given tube to the adjacent tube but also the closure of the open end of the tubes.
  • the manufacture of the exchanger will therefore include a production station for producing the tubes, a press for producing the end pieces and an automatic machine for inserting the end pieces on the tubes. Then passes directly to the assembly of the exchanger by superposition circuit elements thus manufactured. The assembly is then assembled by soldering.
  • FIG. 8a shows a perspective view of an open end of a tube 22 for constituting a circuit element according to the invention.
  • This tube is preferably a multi-channel extruded tube to withstand high pressures. It comprises for example seven channels 46 separated by six partition walls 48.
  • Such a tube is intended, in particular, to contain a fluid under high pressure.
  • the partition walls 48 reinforce the tube and prevent it from bulging under the pressure of the fluid.
  • the tube has a lateral circular opening 220 on one of its end portions or on both of its end portions (only one end shown) as it is connected to one or two end pieces.
  • This opening 220 of the tube is adapted to the possible openings 28b of the corresponding nozzle.
  • the tip 24 is fitted on the end of the tube so that the opening 220 is located substantially opposite the opening or openings 28b of the branches 31, which forms the passage of the first fluid.
  • Figure 8b is a longitudinal sectional view of the end of a circuit element 24 according to the invention.
  • the tip 24 of the circuit element shown has two branches 31 of thickness e branch , the upper branch having an opening 28b while the lower branch has no opening.
  • the tip is fitted into a tube 22 of thickness e tube , which has an opening 220 of diameter greater than or equal to the diameter of the opening 28b of the upper tube.
  • the tube 22 has several channels 46 which open into the opening 220 of the tube.
  • the tip comprises a stamping having a U-shaped bottom and auxiliary openings 45 to facilitate brazing.
  • the outer diameter of the tube is substantially equal to the internal diameter of the nozzle.
  • FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a nozzle according to the present invention. It differs from previous tips in that the two branches 31 are of different lengths.
  • the tips shown in Figures 3 to 8b all have branches of the same length which are superimposed and bear against each other when fully folded as can be seen for example in Figure 7
  • the tip shown in Figure 9 has branches 31 of different lengths. Each branch has a generally flat surface and no boss. Endpieces having branches 31 of unequal lengths make it possible, for example, to adapt the geometrical shape of the exchanger to the space available in the vehicle. This facilitates its implementation and is an advantage over the exchangers that use manifolds 10 ( Figure 1) and must necessarily be rectangular.
  • the exchanger consists of circuit elements comprising a single tube 22.
  • the circuit elements which constitute the exchanger of the invention may also comprise two tubes as shown in FIG. 11 or more than two tubes as shown in Figure 12, for example three or more tubes.
  • each circuit element 20 comprises two different types of ferrules: on the one hand the end ferrules or end ferrules 24 described previously,
  • the intermediate tips differ from terminal ends by the fact that they are connected to two separate tubes, instead of being attached to the end of a single tube.
  • the circuit elements of the exchanger shown in FIG. 11 comprise a single intermediate nozzle 124.
  • the circuit elements of the exchanger shown in FIG. 12 comprise two intermediate tips 124.
  • FIG. 13 shows a perspective view which illustrates the production of an intermediate nozzle 124.
  • Intermediate tips such as end caps, are obtained from a sheet, preferably an aluminum sheet. At first, this sheet is cut to obtain a Y shape (not shown). The Y shape is folded in two and the edges are folded so as to obtain a closed form of upper and lower faces generally flat and without boss, as shown in Figure 13. A tube 22 is then fitted to each of the ends of this closed form.
  • the intermediate tips may have an angle as shown in Figures 11, 12 and 13. However, the intermediate tips could also be straight.
  • the invention is also not limited to tube 22 described above with reference to FIG. 8. In fact, other types of tubes may be used.
  • the tube 22 shown in Figure 20 is similar to the tube 22 of Figure 8a, except that it is made by shaping a folded sheet 70 and not by extrusion.
  • This sheet 70 has two longitudinal edges 72 which are joined together.
  • this sheet has internal folds 74 adapted to define partitions defining seven interior channels 46.
  • the tube further comprises a lateral circular opening 220 similar to that of the tube of Figure 8a.
  • Such a tube is particularly suitable for use in an oil cooler.
  • FIG. 21 Another example of tube 22 is shown in FIG. 21.
  • This tube internally houses a corrugated insert 76, which makes it possible to define a multiplicity of circulation channels 46 inside the tube. It further comprises a lateral circular opening 220 similar to that of the tube of Figure 8a.
  • Such a tube is also suitable for use in an oil cooler.
  • the circuit element of the invention can be used to realize different types of heat exchanger and in particular condensers for motor vehicle air conditioning plants and oil coolers.
  • Figures 14 to 16 illustrate an exchanger according to a first embodiment of the invention.
  • the exchanger shown is able to withstand high pressures typically greater than 100 bar. It is particularly suitable for use with: a first fluid at high pressure (especially greater than 100 bar), for example the refrigerant C0 2 (R744) or the fluid R134a, and a second fluid at low pressure (especially less than 10 bar), for example the liquid engine cooling.
  • a first fluid at high pressure especially greater than 100 bar
  • a second fluid at low pressure especially less than 10 bar
  • This exchanger can be used as cooler or oil heater and in this case heat exchange occurs between the oil (first fluid) and the engine coolant (second fluid).
  • It can also be used as a heat exchanger for automotive air conditioning systems operating with refrigerant C0 2 or R744.
  • the coolant can be used as an evaporator between the fluid C0 2 and the coolant to be cooled.
  • the coolant then circulates in a "cold" radiator in the ventilation and air conditioning unit of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
  • FIG. 14 shows a partial perspective view of a heat exchanger 2 'according to the first embodiment of the invention. This view shows a beam of circuit elements 20 obtained by assembling the prior to each tube 22 with its respective tips and stacking the circuit elements on each other.
  • FIG. 14 shows, in particular, the inlet and outlet pipes 58 and 60 of the first fluid.
  • the path of the first fluid is illustrated by arrows in broken lines and the path of the second fluid by arrows in solid lines.
  • the first high pressure fluid circulates alternately in the tubes 22 as previously described, thanks to the structure of the circuit elements.
  • the outlet tubing 52 of the second fluid is shown in FIG.
  • the bundle of stacked tubes 35 is arranged in an outer casing 64 consisting of several casing elements brazed together after placement of the bundle. Side plates are previously brazed to the beam to force the flow of the second fluid between the tubes.
  • Fig. 16 which shows an enlarged detail of Fig. 14, the tubes 22 of a circuit element are shown with their respective end-pieces 24.
  • small-channel tubes made by extrusion for good resistance to high pressures, especially greater than 130 bar.
  • FIG 15 is an external view of the housing 64 of the exchanger 2 'after assembly.
  • the inlet and outlet pipes 58 and 60 of the first fluid are generally oriented in the normal direction to the faces of the tubes (z axis) and the inlet and outlet pipes 50 and 52 of the second fluid are generally oriented in the perpendicular direction. to the axis of the tubes and to the faces of the tubes (x-axis).
  • a housing 64 allows the circulation of the second fluid to low pressure, in the exchanger. This housing consists of two half-housings 640 and 641 brazed together.
  • the housing 64 tightly channels the fluid flowing between the tubes, which improves the heat exchange.
  • the heat exchanger described above also has a satisfactory resistance to high pressures unlike the exchangers of the prior art which use the coolant as a second fluid.
  • FIGS 17 to 19 illustrate an exchanger according to a second embodiment of the invention.
  • the exchanger shown is able to withstand high pressures typically greater than 100 bar. It is suitable for use with: a first fluid at high pressure (especially greater than 100 bar), for example the refrigerant C0 2 (R744), and a second fluid at high pressure, also the refrigerant C0 2 for example.
  • a first fluid at high pressure especially greater than 100 bar
  • the refrigerant C0 2 R744
  • a second fluid at high pressure also the refrigerant C0 2 for example.
  • It can be used as a heat exchanger for automotive air-conditioning circuits operating with the refrigerant C0 2 , such as the internal heat exchanger (IHX internai Heat Exchanger).
  • the internal heat exchanger IHX internai Heat Exchanger
  • FIG 17 is an overall perspective view showing a heat exchanger 2 "according to the second embodiment of the invention, the exchanger comprises a bundle of tubes 35". This beam consists of a stack of circuit elements according to the invention.
  • the circuit elements of the tube bundle 35 "define a passage for the circulation of the first fluid, as previously described.
  • FIG. 17 shows the outlet pipe 60 "of the first fluid, the circulation of the first fluid is illustrated by arrows in broken lines.
  • Figure 17 also shows the inlet pipe 50 "of the second fluid, the pipe 50" is prefixed on the beam 35 ", the circulation of the second fluid is illustrated by the arrows in solid lines, and the second fluid at high pressure circulates between the tubes outside in the axial direction of the tubes and in the opposite direction to the flow direction of the first fluid.
  • the beam 35 is arranged in a housing 64" consisting of several housing elements brazed together after introduction of the beam.
  • this housing consists of two half-shells 640 "and 641" brazed together to form substantially a cylinder and two side covers, in particular in the form of a half-sphere, which close the ends of the cylinder. Only a cover 642 "is shown in FIG. 17 to reveal the inner elements of the exchanger 2".
  • FIG. 19 which is a partial view on a larger scale of the exchanger, the tubes 22 are shown with their respective end-pieces 24.
  • the tubes are also small-channel tubes that can be obtained by extrusion for holding at high pressures. , especially above 130 bar ..
  • the outer casing is obtained by brazing the casing elements and the circuit elements in a single operation.
  • the outer casing may be a molded plastic part, in which is placed the stack of pre-brazed circuit elements.
  • a turbulator can be added in the space between the tubes in the exchangers of the first and second modes of embodiment of the invention to improve heat exchange and mechanical strength. It can be realized with the wheel o stamped. When assembling the components of the exchanger, it is brazed on the tubes.
  • the heat exchangers described above according to the first and second embodiment of the invention are not limited to use for a functioning air conditioning system with refrigerant C0 2, • and can use any kind of fluid to achieve the heat exchange (gas, multi-phase liquid, etc.). Furthermore, the invention is not limited to the exchangers described above according to the first and second embodiments. Other types of heat exchangers made from the circuit element of the invention can be envisaged.
  • such exchangers may comprise: a bundle consisting of stacked circuit elements according to the invention; - side plates brazed with the beam; and - housing elements, welded together to form an outer casing after introduction of the beam, this outer casing channeling the second fluid, or a molded plastic casing in which is placed the stack of brazed circuit elements beforehand .
  • the use of circuit elements in the exchangers makes it possible to simplify their manufacture.
  • the manufacturing process of the exchangers in accordance with the invention can thus comprise: the pre-assembly of the tubes with their respective tips, the stacking of the circuit elements, to form the beam,
  • circuit elements in the exchangers according to the invention thus makes it possible to obtain both a simplified and less expensive structure than the embodiments of the prior art, a resistance to high pressures, a reduced pitch between tubes. beam tubes, a reduced footprint, and a satisfactory heat exchange.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
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  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
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Abstract

The invention relates to a hydraulic circuit element (20) which is designed to exchange heat between a first fluid and a second fluid and which defines a path for the first fluid. The inventive circuit element comprises at least one tube (22) having at least one open end and an end piece (24). The aforementioned end piece (24) comprises a base which seals the end of the tube and a side wall which surrounds the tube close to the end thereof. The side wall comprises at least one opening (28b) which communicates with a lateral opening (220) in the tube in order to help define the path of the first fluid. Moreover, the whole surface of the side wall of the end piece (24) is applied tightly against the tube (22).

Description

Elément de circuit pour echangeur de chaleur, et echangeur de chaleur ainsi obtenu.Circuit element for heat exchanger, and heat exchanger thus obtained.
L'invention concerne un élément de circuit pour un echangeur de chaleur, notamment un echangeur de chaleur destiné à l'équipement d'un véhicule automobile. Plus précisém nt, elle concerne un élément de circuit pour l'échange de chaleur entre un premier fluide et un second fluide, définissant un parcours pour le premier fluide.The invention relates to a circuit element for a heat exchanger, in particular a heat exchanger for the equipment of a motor vehicle. More specifically, it relates to a circuit element for exchanging heat between a first fluid and a second fluid, defining a path for the first fluid.
Elle concerne également des échangeurs de chaleur obtenus à partir de ces éléments de circuit, et plus particulièrement, des échangeurs de chaleurs capables de résister à de fortes pressions .It also relates to heat exchangers obtained from these circuit elements, and more particularly to heat exchangers capable of withstanding high pressures.
Dé tels échangeurs sont couramment constitués d'un faisceau de tubes parallèles montés entre deux boîtes collectrices, les tubes alternant avec des intercalaires par exemple de type ondulé. On connaît également des échangeurs constitués d'un tube unique replié en forme de serpentin. Ces échangeurs ont de nombreuses applications et peuvent notamment être utilisés comme condenseurs dans des circuits de climatisation de véhicules automobiles ou comme refroidisseurs d'huile.Such exchangers commonly consist of a bundle of parallel tubes mounted between two manifolds, the tubes alternating with interleaves for example corrugated type. Exchangers consisting of a single tube folded in the form of a coil are also known. These exchangers have many applications and can especially be used as condensers in motor vehicle air conditioning systems or as oil coolers.
Toutefois, ces échangeurs connus présentent dé nombreux inconvénients. En ce qui concerne la technologie d' échangeurs à tubes et à boîtes collectrices, ces dernières augmentent la taille des échangeurs sans augmenter leurs performances. Les boîtes collectrices ne permettent pas d'améliorer l'échange thermique et entraînent une perte de place.However, these known exchangers have many disadvantages. With regard to the technology of tube and collector exchangers, the latter increase the size of the exchangers without increasing their performance. The collector boxes do not make it possible to improve the heat exchange and cause a loss of space.
D'autre part, 1 ' echangeur doit être obligatoirement de forme rectangulaire à cause de la présence des boîtes collectrices. En outre, pour créer des passes dans l' echangeur, il est nécessaire d'ajouter et d'intégrer des pièces supplémentaires, les cloisons, dans les boîtes collectrices. La fabrication de ces échangeurs est en outre difficile car il est nécessaire de poinçonner et de crever les plaques collectrices. Il est délicat d'enfiler dès tubes de petite épaisseur dans un collecteur de grandes dimensions avec de faibles tolérances. La fabrication de ces échangeurs est -de plus coûteuse car les composants sont réalisés par usinage de matière .On the other hand, the exchanger must be of rectangular shape because of the presence of the manifolds. In addition, to create passes in the exchanger, it is necessary to add and integrate additional parts, the partitions, in the collector boxes. The manufacture of these exchangers is also difficult because it is necessary to punch and pop the collector plates. It is difficult to thread small tubes into a large collector with low tolerances. The manufacture of these exchangers is more expensive because the components are made by machining material.
Les échangeurs à serpentin ne permettent pas de réaliser des passes. Leur fabrication est longue parce qu'elle est difficile à industrialiser. Il faut beaucoup de temps pour fabriquer un serpentin avec une machine. En conséquence les échangeurs fabriqués avec cette technologie ont un coût de revient plus élevé que les échangeurs à tubes et à boîtes collectrices.The coil exchangers do not allow passes to be made. Their manufacture is long because it is difficult to industrialize. It takes a long time to make a coil with a machine. As a result, heat exchangers made with this technology have a higher cost price than tube and collector heat exchangers.
US 6196304 A propose un echangeur de chaleur comportant un empilement d'éléments de circuit. Chaque élément de circuit comporte un tube et deux éléments d'écartement qui chevauchent les extrémités des tubes. Les extrémités de chaque tube sont au préalable écrasées et soudées de sorte que le fluide qui traverse chaque tube ne peut entrer ou sortir que par des ouvertures transversales réalisées dans des zones d'extrémité du tube, et non par les extrémités fermées du tube. Chaque élément d'écartement est obtenu à partir d'une bande de tôle repliée pour former deux branches. Les branches de chaque élément d'écartement peuvent comporter un passage transversal conformé pour être en regard de l'ouverture du tube dans la zone d'extrémité correspondante, ce qui forme un passage de communication.US 6196304 A proposes a heat exchanger comprising a stack of circuit elements. Each circuit element has a tube and two spacers that overlap the ends of the tubes. The ends of each tube are previously crushed and welded so that the fluid that passes through each tube can enter or exit only through transverse openings made in end regions of the tube, and not by the closed ends of the tube. Each spacer element is obtained from a folded sheet metal strip to form two branches. The branches of each spacer may comprise a transverse passage shaped to face the opening of the tube in the corresponding end zone, which forms a communication passage.
Le premier fluide peut ainsi s'écouler d'un tube donné à un tube adjacent grâce à ce passage de communication.The first fluid can flow from a given tube to an adjacent tube through this communication passage.
Les éléments d'écartement qui chevauchent les extrémités d'un tube donné sont en contact avec les éléments d'écartement qui chevauchent les extrémités des tubes adjacents, et imposent ainsi un écartement entre deux tubes adjacents pour former un passage pour le deuxième fluide. Cet écartement permet en outre de placer un intercalaire dans le conduit de passage pour améliorer l'échange thermique.The spacer members that overlap the ends of a given tube are in contact with the spacer members that overlap the ends of the adjacent tubes, and thereby provide a gap between two adjacent tubes to form a passage for the second fluid. This spacing allows in addition to placing a spacer in the passage duct to improve heat exchange.
Cette structure n'a pas les inconvénients précités des échan- 5 geurs à collecteur ou à serpentin. Elle est toutefois coûteuse en raison de la nécessité d'écraser et de souder les extrémités du tube. Par ailleurs, les éléments d'écartement ne permettent pas d'utiliser un tube aux extrémités ouvertes dans la mesure où ils ne sont pas prévus pour empêcher le 10 premier fluide de s'échapper suivant la direction axiale du tube.This structure does not have the aforementioned drawbacks of the collector or coil exchangers. However, it is expensive because of the need to crush and solder the ends of the tube. On the other hand, the spacers do not permit the use of an open ended tube in that they are not intended to prevent the first fluid from escaping in the axial direction of the tube.
FR 2834336 A propose un echangeur comprenant également un empilement d'éléments de circuit. Chaque élément de circuitFR 2834336 A proposes an exchanger also comprising a stack of circuit elements. Each circuit element
15 comporte au moins un tube et au moins un embout à l'une des extrémités du tube. L'embout comporte au moins un passage de communication qui définit le parcours d'un premier fluide. Cet embout n'a pas les inconvénients de l'élément d'écartement proposé par US 6196304 A, dans la mesure où il comporte15 comprises at least one tube and at least one endpiece at one end of the tube. The tip comprises at least one communication passage that defines the path of a first fluid. This tip does not have the drawbacks of the spacer element proposed by US 6196304 A, insofar as it comprises
2.0 un fond pour empêcher le fluide de s'échapper suivant la direction axiale du tube, ce qui permet l'utilisation d'un tube ayant des extrémités ouvertes (c'est-à-dire non écrasées et non soudées) .2.0 a bottom to prevent the fluid from escaping in the axial direction of the tube, allowing the use of a tube having open ends (i.e., not crushed and not welded).
25 Toutefois, chaque embout conforme à FR 2834336 A comporte au moins un bossage de forme générale tronconique. Les bossages en regard de deux éléments de circuit adjacents sont en appui et définissent donc l' écartement entre deux tubes adjacents. Par suite, le pas entre deux tubes adjacents de l' echangeur 0 est augmenté par la présence des bossages, et les performances de 1 ' echangeur ne sont pas optimales. De plus, un tel echangeur est peu résistant aux hautes pressions car les bossages peuvent se déformer. 5 La présente invention a pour objet un élément de circuit hydraulique pour un echangeur de chaleur qui remédie à ces inconvénients connus de l'art antérieur.However, each endpiece according to FR 2834336 A comprises at least one generally frustoconical boss. The bosses facing two adjacent circuit elements are in abutment and thus define the spacing between two adjacent tubes. As a result, the pitch between two adjacent tubes of the exchanger 0 is increased by the presence of the bosses, and the performance of the exchanger is not optimal. In addition, such an exchanger is not very resistant to high pressures because the bosses can be deformed. The present invention relates to a hydraulic circuit element for a heat exchanger which overcomes these disadvantages known from the prior art.
A cet effet, l'invention propose un élément de circuit 0 hydraulique, pour l'échange de chaleur entre un premier fluide et un second fluide, définissant un parcours pour le premier fluide. L'élément de circuit comprend au moins un tube ayant au moins une extrémité ouverte et un embout, 1 ' embout comprenant un fond obturant ladite extrémité et une paroi latérale entourant le tube au voisinage de ladite extrémité. La paroi latérale comporte au moins une ouverture en communication avec une ouverture latérale du tube pour contribuer à définir le parcours du premier fluide. Avantageusement, la paroi latérale de l'embout s'applique étroite- ment sur le tube par toute sa surface.For this purpose, the invention proposes a hydraulic circuit element 0, for heat exchange between a first fluid and a second fluid, defining a path for the first fluid. The circuit element comprises at least one tube having at least one open end and a tip, the tip comprising a bottom sealing said end and a side wall surrounding the tube adjacent said end. The side wall has at least one opening in communication with a lateral opening of the tube to help define the path of the first fluid. Advantageously, the side wall of the nozzle applies tightly to the tube over its entire surface.
Des caractéristiques optionnelles de l'élément de circuit selon l'invention, complémentaires ou de substitution, sont énoncées ci-après:Optional features of the circuit element according to the invention, complementary or substitution, are set out below:
- chaque embout est constitué d'une bande de tôle emboutie pour former le fond et repliée pour former deux branches, la paroi latérale comprenant les branches. - Les deux branches de chaque embout sont d'égale longueur.each endpiece consists of a sheet metal strip pressed to form the bottom and folded to form two branches, the side wall comprising the branches. - The two branches of each tip are of equal length.
Les deux branches de chaque embout sont de longueur inégale . - Les branches ont une surface généralement plate.The two branches of each end are of unequal length. - The branches have a generally flat surface.
- le ou lesdits tubes sont généralement plats.- The said tube or tubes are generally flat.
- chaque tube comporte des canaux multiples.each tube has multiple channels.
- L'élément de circuit comprend un tube unique comportant un embout terminal à chacune de ses extrémités.- The circuit element comprises a single tube having a terminal end at each end thereof.
- L'élément de circuit est constitué de plusieurs tubes, un embout intermédiaire étant présent entre deux tubes successifs .- The circuit element consists of several tubes, an intermediate nozzle being present between two successive tubes.
- L'élément de circuit selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une forme rectiligne. - L'élément de circuit présente une forme générale brisée.- The circuit element according to claim 7, characterized in that it has a rectilinear shape. - The circuit element has a broken general shape.
L'invention propose en outre un echangeur de chaleur, notamment pour un véhicule automobile, comprenant un empilement d'éléments de circuit selon l'une des caractéristiques précédentes communiquant entre eux par l'intermédiaire des ouvertures des embouts pour permettre un passage du premier fluide entre les éléments de circuit. Des caractéristiques optionnelles de 1 ' echangeur de chaleur selon l'invention, complémentaires ou de substitution, sont énoncées ci-après:The invention further proposes a heat exchanger, in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a stack of circuit elements according to one of the preceding characteristics communicating with each other via the openings of the end pieces to allow a passage of the first fluid. between the circuit elements. Optional features of the heat exchanger according to the invention, complementary or substitution, are set out below:
- Les éléments de circuit viennent en contact par les branches de leurs embouts respectifs lorsqu'ils sont empilés, de telle sorte que les branches d'un élément de circuit reposent sur les branches des éléments de circuit adjacents.- The circuit elements come into contact with the branches of their respective ends when they are stacked, so that the branches of a circuit element rest on the branches of the adjacent circuit elements.
- L' echangeur de chaleur contient un fluide réfrigérant en tant que premier fiuide et le liquidé de refroidissement en tant que deuxième fluide.- The heat exchanger contains a refrigerant fluid as the first fluid and the cooling liquid as a second fluid.
- L' echangeur de chaleur contient un fluide réfrigérant en tant que premier fluide et en tant que deuxième fluide.- The heat exchanger contains a refrigerant fluid as a first fluid and as a second fluid.
- Ledit fluide réfrigérant est le fluide R744- Said refrigerant is the fluid R744
- L' echangeur de chaleur contient l'huile en tant que premier fluide et le liquide de refroidissement en tant que deuxième fluide.- The heat exchanger contains the oil as the first fluid and the coolant as the second fluid.
- Le pas ptUbΘ <3ui sépare les tubes respectifs de deux éléments de circuit adjacents est égal à 2*ebranche + etube, où ebranche désigne l'épaisseur d'une branche d'un embout et etube désigne l'épaisseur du tube.- The pitch p tUbΘ <3 u i separates the respective tubes of two adjacent circuit elements is equal to 2 * e branch + e tube , where e branch refers to the thickness of a branch of a tip and e tube refers to tube thickness.
- L' echangeur de chaleur comporte deux plaques latérales brasées sur l'empilement d'éléments de circuit. - L' echangeur comporte un boîtier extérieur dans lequel est agencé l'empilement d'éléments de circuit.- The heat exchanger has two brazed side plates on the stack of circuit elements. - The exchanger comprises an outer casing in which is arranged the stack of circuit elements.
- Le boîtier extérieur est constitué d'éléments de boîtiers brasés ensemble.- The outer casing consists of casing elements brazed together.
- Les éléments de boîtier comprennent des demi-coquilles, et deux couvercles soudés sur les extrémités formées par les demi-coquilles .- The housing elements comprise half-shells, and two covers welded to the ends formed by the half-shells.
- Le boîtier extérieur est une pièce moulée en matière plastique dans laquelle est placé l'empilement d'éléments de circuit brasé. - L' echangeur de chaleur comprend un turbulateur agencé dans l'espace délimité par deux éléments de circuits adjacents.- The outer housing is a plastic molded part in which is placed the stack of soldered circuit elements. - The heat exchanger comprises a turbulator arranged in the space delimited by two adjacent circuit elements.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaîtront à l'examen de la description détaillée ci-après, et des dessins annexés sur lesquels:Other features and advantages of the invention will appear on examining the detailed description below, and the attached drawings in which:
- la figure 1 est une vue d' un echangeur à tubes et à boîtes collectrices conforme à l'art antérieur;- Figure 1 is a view of a tube exchanger and collector boxes according to the prior art;
- la figure 2 est une vue d'un echangeur à serpentin conforme à l'art antérieur;FIG. 2 is a view of a coil heat exchanger according to the prior art;
- la figure 3 est une vue en perspective d'un echangeur conforme à la présente invention;FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an exchanger according to the present invention;
- la figure 4a est une vue partielle en perspective de la partie droite de l' echangeur représenté sur la figure 3;- Figure 4a is a partial perspective view of the right portion of the exchanger shown in Figure 3;
- la figure 4b est une vue en perspective d'un élément de circuit de l' echangeur représenté sur la figure 3;FIG. 4b is a perspective view of a circuit element of the exchanger shown in FIG. 3;
- les figures 5 à 7 sont des vues diverses qui représentent des étapes de repliement d'une bande de tôle pour former un embout conforme à 1! invention; - la figure 8a est une vue en perspective de l'extrémité d'un exemple de tube comportant une ouverture de communication; la figure 8b est une vue en coupe longitudinale de l'extrémité d'un élément de circuit conforme à l'invention;- Figures 5 to 7 are various views which show folding steps of a sheet metal strip to form a nozzle according to 1! invention; FIG. 8a is a perspective view of the end of an exemplary tube comprising a communication opening; Figure 8b is a longitudinal sectional view of the end of a circuit element according to the invention;
- les figures 9 et 10 sont des vues diverses qui représentent des étapes de repliement d'une bande de tôle pour former un embout comportant des branches de longueurs inégales ;- Figures 9 and 10 are various views which show folding steps of a sheet metal strip to form a tip having branches of unequal lengths;
- les figures 11 à 13 sont des vues partielles en perspective d'un echangeur conforme à la présente invention;- Figures 11 to 13 are partial perspective views of an exchanger according to the present invention;
- les figures 14 à 16 sont des vues en perspective d'un echangeur selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention;FIGS. 14 to 16 are perspective views of an exchanger according to a first embodiment of the invention;
- les figures 17 à 19 sont des vues en perspective d'un echangeur selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention; etFIGS. 17 to 19 are perspective views of an exchanger according to a second embodiment of the invention; and
- les figures 20 et 21 sont des vues en perspective de variantes de tubes.- Figures 20 and 21 are perspective views of variants of tubes.
Les dessins contiennent, pour l'essentiel, des éléments de caractère certain. Ils pourront donc non seulement servir à mieux faire comprendre la description, mais aussi contribuer à la définition de l'invention, le cas échéant.The drawings contain, for the most part, elements of a certain character. They can therefore not only serve to better understand the description, but also contribute to the definition of the invention, if any.
On a représenté sur la figure 1 un echangeur de chaleur de type classique comportant un faisceau de tubes plats intercalés entre deux boîtes collectrices. Le faisceau 2 est formé d'une multiplicité de tubes plats 4 disposés parallèlement- les uns aux autres et alternant avec des intercalaires ondulés 6. Ces intercalaires sont formés à partir d'un feuillard métallique qui est déformé pour constituer des ondulations. Un intercalaire 6 est disposé entre deux tubes adjacents 4 et vient au contact respectif de ces deux tubes 4 par des régions d'extrémité des ondulations. Les tubes 4 du faisceau sont insérés, à chacune de leurs extrémités, dans des ouvertures réalisées dans des plaques collectrices 8, également appelées collecteurs. Les plaques collectrices 8 sont fermées par un couvercle 9 pour constituer des boîtes collectrices 10, par exemple des boîtes à liquide de refroidissement ou à air.FIG. 1 shows a heat exchanger of the conventional type comprising a bundle of flat tubes interposed between two collecting boxes. The beam 2 is formed of a multiplicity of flat tubes 4 arranged parallel to each other and alternating with corrugated inserts 6. These spacers are formed from a metal strip which is deformed to form corrugations. An interlayer 6 is disposed between two adjacent tubes 4 and comes into respective contact with these two tubes 4 by end regions of the corrugations. The tubes 4 of the bundle are inserted, at each of their ends, in openings made in collector plates 8, also called collectors. The collector plates 8 are closed by a cover 9 to form collector boxes 10, for example coolant or air boxes.
Pour permettre le montage des tubes 4 il est nécessaire de poinçonner les plaques collectrices 8 et/ou de les crever. Le montage des tubes n'est pas une opération aisée.To allow the mounting of the tubes 4 it is necessary to punch the collector plates 8 and / or to burst them. The assembly of the tubes is not an easy operation.
La présence des boîtes collectrices 10 augmente la taille de l' echangeur sans augmenter ses performances. Pour créer des passes dans l' echangeur, il est nécessaire d'intégrer des cloisons 12 qui divisent les boîtes collectrices 10 en chambres séparées.The presence of the manifolds 10 increases the size of the exchanger without increasing its performance. To create passes in the exchanger, it is necessary to integrate partitions 12 which divide the manifolds 10 into separate chambers.
On a représenté sur la figure 2 un autre type connu d' echangeur, à savoir un echangeur à serpentin. L' echangeur est constitué d'un tube unique 14 replié en forme de serpentin. Des intercalaires ondulés 6 peuvent être disposés entre les allers et retours du serpentin. Un echangeur de ce type est plus simple que l' echangeur à faisceau de tubes et à boîtes collectrices représenté sur la figure 1. Il comporte moins de pièces. Toutefois l'industrialisation de sa fabrication est délicate et au total, un echangeur à serpentin revient plus cher à fabriquer qu'un echangeur à faisceau de tubes et à boîtes collectrices. En outre, un echangeur de ce type ne peut pas être aménagé de manière à comporter des passes.There is shown in Figure 2 another known type of exchanger, namely a coil exchanger. The exchanger consists of a single tube 14 folded in the form of a coil. Corrugated spacers 6 may be arranged between the back and forth of the coil. An exchanger of this type is simpler than the tube and manifold beam exchanger shown in Figure 1. It has fewer parts. However, the industrialization of its manufacture is delicate and in total, a coil exchanger is more expensive to manufacture than a tube and collector heat exchanger. In addition, an exchanger of this type can not be arranged to include passes.
Les échangeurs décrits ci-dessus doivent être de plus renforcés pour une utilisation avec des fluides à haute pression, notamment des pressions supérieures à 100 bars. Ce renforcement est souvent réalisé par des composants obtenus par usinage de matière (par exemple des boîtes collectrices) , ce qui est coûteux. On a représenté sur la figure 3 une vue extérieure en perspective d'un echangeur de chaleur conforme à la présente invention et sur la figure 4 une vue en coupe de la partie droite .The exchangers described above must be further reinforced for use with fluids at high pressure, especially pressures above 100 bar. This reinforcement is often achieved by components obtained by machining material (for example collector boxes), which is expensive. There is shown in Figure 3 an external perspective view of a heat exchanger according to the present invention and in Figure 4 a sectional view of the right part.
L' echangeur de chaleur est constitué par des éléments de circuit 20 empilés.The heat exchanger consists of stacked circuit elements 20.
La figure 4b représente un élément de circuit conforme à l'invention. Chaque élément dé circuit 20 est constitué d'un tube 22 ayant deux extrémités "ouvertes", c'est-à-dire qui permettent l'entrée de fluide dans le tube ou la sortie du fluide provenant du tube. Comme on le décrira par la suite, un élément de circuit peut comporter plusieurs tubes.Figure 4b shows a circuit element according to the invention. Each circuit element 20 consists of a tube 22 having two "open" ends, that is to say that allow the entry of fluid into the tube or the outlet of the fluid from the tube. As will be described later, a circuit element may comprise several tubes.
Dans l'exemple des figures 3 et 4b, un embout 24 est fixé à chaque extrémité ouverte du tube 22.In the example of FIGS. 3 and 4b, a tip 24 is attached to each open end of the tube 22.
Chaque embout 24 comprend une paroi latérale qui entoure le tube sur une partie d'extrémité qui est située au voisinage de l'extrémité ouverte associée. La paroi latérale s'appuie étroitement sur le tube 22 par toute sa surface, notamment pour empêcher un gonflement du tube lorsque le premier fluide atteint de hautes pressions.Each tip 24 includes a side wall which surrounds the tube on an end portion which is located adjacent the associated open end. The side wall is closely supported on the tube 22 over its entire surface, in particular to prevent swelling of the tube when the first fluid reaches high pressures.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, chaque embout est constitué d'une bande de tôle emboutie et repliée pour former un fond 42 et deux branches 31 de surface généralement plate et sans bossage, représentés sur la figure 4b. La partie latérale de l'embout 24 est constituée par les deux branches 31. La fabrication d'une pièce emboutie n'est pas coûteuse, et par suite l'utilisation d'un embout conforme à l'invention réduit les coûts de fabrication. La suite de la description sera faite en référence à ce mode de réalisation particulier, à titre d'exemple non limitatif.In a particular embodiment, each endpiece consists of a sheet metal strip stamped and folded to form a bottom 42 and two branches 31 of generally flat surface and without boss, shown in Figure 4b. The lateral part of the tip 24 is constituted by the two branches 31. The manufacture of a stamped part is not expensive, and therefore the use of a nozzle according to the invention reduces the manufacturing costs. The remainder of the description will be made with reference to this particular embodiment, by way of non-limiting example.
Le fond 42 obture l'extrémité correspondante du tube pour empêcher que le fluide ne s'échappe suivant la direction axiale du tube correspondant. La figure 3 ne fait pas apparaître la délimitation entre la branche supérieure et la branche inférieure, et le fond de l'embout pour plus de clarté et pour simplifier la représentation de la structure générale de l'invention.The bottom 42 closes the corresponding end of the tube to prevent the fluid from escaping in the axial direction of the corresponding tube. Figure 3 does not show the delimitation between the upper branch and the lower branch, and the bottom of the tip for clarity and to simplify the representation of the general structure of the invention.
Les éléments de circuit sont conformés de telle sorte que, lorsqu'ils sont empilés, la branche inférieure (respectivement supérieure) d'un embout d'un élément de circuit 20 vienne en appui avec la branche supérieure (respectivement inférieure) de l'élément de circuit adjacent.The circuit elements are shaped such that, when stacked, the lower (respectively upper) branch of a tip of a circuit element 20 bears with the upper (respectively lower) branch of the element. adjacent circuit.
Par suite, les différents éléments de circuit 20 qui constituent l' echangeur représenté sur la figure 3 sont en appui les uns sur les autres par l'intermédiaire des branches généralement plates de leurs embouts respectifs.As a result, the various circuit elements 20 which constitute the exchanger shown in Figure 3 are supported on each other via the generally flat branches of their respective ends.
Dans FR 2834336 A, la surface des branches comporte un bossage tronconique vers l'extérieur et les bossages en regard de deux éléments de circuit adjacents sont en appui. Ainsi, la surface de contact entre deux éléments de circuit adjacents conformes à la présente invention est plus importante que dans FR 2834336 A.In FR 2834336 A, the surface of the branches comprises an outwardly frustoconical boss and the bosses facing two adjacent circuit elements are supported. Thus, the contact area between two adjacent circuit elements according to the present invention is greater than in FR 2834336 A.
La paroi latérale de chaque embout comporte au moins une ouverture qui communique avec une ouverture latérale du tube 22 associé.The side wall of each nozzle has at least one opening which communicates with a lateral opening of the associated tube 22.
En particulier, une branche 31 d'un embout 24 peut être pleine, c'est-à-dire ne comporter aucune ouverture. Dans ce cas, elle ne permet pas le passage du premier fluide. Au contraire, une branche 31 d'un embout 24 peut comporter une ouverture qui permet le passage du premier fluide.In particular, a branch 31 of a nozzle 24 may be full, that is to say have no opening. In this case, it does not allow the passage of the first fluid. In contrast, a branch 31 of a tip 24 may include an opening that allows the passage of the first fluid.
Sur la figure 3, on a schématisé les branches fermées par un petit cercle 28a hachuré, et les branches perforées, permettant le passage du premier fluide, par un petit cercle 28b sans hachures. Ces petits cercles 28a et 28b sont reliés à la branche correspondante par un trait mixte, pour plus de clarté. Sur la figure 4a, l'ouverture 28b de la branche d'un embout 24 est représentée par un petit rectangle non hachuré tandis que l'absence d'ouverture de la branche d'un embout est désignée par un petit rectangle hachuré. Les ouvertures latérales du tube sont désignées par la référence 220.In FIG. 3, the closed branches are shown schematically by a small hatched circle 28a, and the perforated branches, allowing the passage of the first fluid, by a small circle 28b without hatching. These small circles 28a and 28b are connected to the corresponding branch by a dotted line for clarity. In Figure 4a, the opening 28b of the branch of a tip 24 is represented by a small unhatched rectangle while the absence of opening of the branch of a tip is designated by a small hatched rectangle. The lateral openings of the tube are designated 220.
Sur la figure 4b, les ouvertures des embouts et du tube ne sont pas représentées pour plus de clarté. Chaque tube 22 a été assemblé avec ses embouts respectifs 24, au préalable. Les embouts de chaque tube permettent le passage du premier fluide grâce aux ouvertures 28b éventuelles des branches et aux ouvertures 220 correspondantes des tubes. Ils permettent en outre de retenir le fluide qui peut s'échapper du tube, grâce au fond 42 représenté sur les figures 4a .et 4b.In Figure 4b, the openings of the end pieces and the tube are not shown for clarity. Each tube 22 has been assembled with its respective ends 24, beforehand. The ends of each tube allow the passage of the first fluid through the openings 28b of the branches and corresponding openings 220 of the tubes. They also make it possible to retain the fluid that can escape from the tube, thanks to the bottom 42 shown in FIGS. 4a and 4b.
La surface des branches 31 s'applique étroitement sur le tube, ce qui permet notamment de le maintenir serré.The surface of the branches 31 is tightly applied to the tube, which allows in particular to keep it tight.
Dans l'exemple représenté en perspective sur la figure 3 et en vue partielle en perspective sur la figure 4a, le premier fluide pénètre dans l' echangeur dans la partie supérieure droite dé l' echangeur, comme schématisé par la flèche 30. La branche située en regard de l'entrée du fluide dans l' echangeur étant obturée (fond fermé 28a), le premier fluide se déplace de droite à gauche (flèche 32) et parcourt le tube 22 supérieur de l' echangeur. Le fluide parvient à l'embout 24 situé dans la partie gauche (selon la figure 3) du tube supérieur 22 de l' echangeur. La branche ^ supérieure est fermée (28a), tandis que là branche inférieure de l'embout 24 comporte une ouverture (28b) .In the example shown in perspective in FIG. 3 and in partial perspective view in FIG. 4a, the first fluid enters the exchanger in the upper right portion of the exchanger, as shown schematically by the arrow 30. opposite the fluid inlet in the exchanger being closed (closed bottom 28a), the first fluid moves from right to left (arrow 32) and runs through the upper tube 22 of the exchanger. The fluid reaches the nozzle 24 located in the left part (according to Figure 3) of the upper tube 22 of the exchanger. The upper branch is closed (28a), while the lower branch of the nozzle 24 has an opening (28b).
Le fluide peut donc passer de l'élément de circuit supérieur 20 à l'élément de circuit immédiatement inférieur, comme schématisé par la flèche 34. Le premier fluide parcourt ensuite le second élément de circuit 20 de gauche à droite selon les figures 3 et 4. A l'extrémité droite du second élément de circuit 20, il passe dans l'élément de circuit inférieur (flèche 36) grâce aux ouvertures 28b prévues dans les branches des embouts adjacents, comme décrit précédemment .The fluid can thus pass from the upper circuit element 20 to the immediately lower circuit element, as shown schematically by the arrow 34. The first fluid then flows through the second circuit element 20 from left to right according to FIGS. At the right end of the second circuit element 20, it passes into the lower circuit element (arrow 36) through the openings 28b provided in the branches of the adjacent tips, as previously described.
Le fluide effectue ainsi une série d'allers et retours dans les tubes des éléments de circuit de droite à gauche et de gauche à droite, exactement comme dans un echangeur à serpentin du type représenté sur la figure 2. Le premier fluide quitte l' echangeur dans la partie gauche de ce dernier, comme schématisé par la flèche 38.The fluid thus makes a series of trips back and forth in the tubes of the circuit elements from right to left and from left to right, exactly as in a coil exchanger of the type shown in FIG. 2. The first fluid leaves the exchanger in the left part of the latter, as schematized by the arrow 38.
Pendant son parcours alternatif dans les tubes 22 de l' echangeur, le premier fluide est en relation d'échange de chaleur avec un second fluide qui circule entre les tubes suivant la direction axiale des tubes 22.During its alternative path in the tubes 22 of the exchanger, the first fluid is in heat exchange relation with a second fluid which circulates between the tubes in the axial direction of the tubes 22.
L'absence de bossage sur la surface des embouts 24 diminue le risque de déformation au niveau des contacts entre les tubes, lorsque le premier fluide atteint des pressions élevées. Les éléments de circuit conformes à l'invention permettent également de réduire le pas entre les tubes adjacents dans l' echangeur, par rapport aux éléments de circuit munis de bossage de FR 2834336 A. Le pas Ptube entre les tubes adjacents est donné par la relation suivante : p = 9 *<≈ -l- & •"- tube ^ ^branche ' ctube où ebranche désigne l'épaisseur d'une branche d'embout et etube, l'épaisseur du tube.The absence of boss on the surface of the tips 24 decreases the risk of deformation at the contacts between the tubes, when the first fluid reaches high pressures. The circuit elements according to the invention also make it possible to reduce the pitch between the adjacent tubes in the exchanger, with respect to the circuit elements provided with bosses of FR 2834336 A. The pitch P tube between the adjacent tubes is given by the following relationship: p = 9 * <≈ -l- & - "- tube ^ ^ branch ' c tube where e branch means the thickness of a tip branch and e tube , the thickness of the tube.
Dans les échangeurs à plaques collectrices de l'art antérieur, il est difficile de réduire ainsi le pas entre deux tubes adjacents. Or une telle réduction de pas permet de placer plus de tubes dans un echangeur ayant un encombrement donné, et donc d'augmenter les performances thermiques de 1' echangeur tout en réduisant les pertes de charges dans 1 ' echangeur.In prior art collector plate heat exchangers, it is difficult to reduce the pitch between two adjacent tubes. However, such a step reduction makes it possible to place more tubes in an exchanger having a given size, and thus to increase the thermal performance of the exchanger while reducing the pressure losses in the exchanger.
On a ainsi réalisé de manière simple un echangeur de chaleur permettant un échange de chaleur entre un premier fluide à haute pression, et un second fluide à basse pression, notamment le liquide de refroidissement moteur ou un échange de chaleur entre un premier fluide à haute pression, et un second fluide à haute pression, par exemple un échange entre un premier fluide C02 et un deuxième fluide C02.In this way, a heat exchanger has been made in a simple manner, allowing a heat exchange between a first fluid to high pressure, and a second fluid at low pressure, in particular the engine coolant or a heat exchange between a first fluid at high pressure, and a second fluid at high pressure, for example an exchange between a first fluid C0 2 and a second fluid C0 2 .
Un tel echangeur est capable de résister à de hautes pressions sans nécessiter de renforcement supplémentaire ou un usinage des composants de l' echangeur.Such an exchanger is able to withstand high pressures without requiring additional reinforcement or machining of the exchanger components.
Dans l'exemple représenté sur les figures 3 à 4b, on a constitué un echangeur qui définit un parcours pour le premier fluide similaire à celui d'un echangeur à serpentin. Toutefois, la réalisation de l' echangeur à partir des éléments de circuit conformes à l'invention rend 1 ' echangeur modulaire et permet d'obtenir différents types de parcours. En particulier, le nombre et la longueur des éléments de circuit peuvent être choisis en fonction de l'encombrement de l'installation dans laquelle est utilisé 1 ' echangeur (par exemple une installation de climatisation automobile) , des performances requises pour l'échange thermique, etc.In the example shown in Figures 3 to 4b, there is formed an exchanger which defines a path for the first fluid similar to that of a coil exchanger. However, the production of the exchanger from the circuit elements according to the invention makes the exchanger modular and makes it possible to obtain different types of paths. In particular, the number and the length of the circuit elements can be chosen as a function of the size of the installation in which the exchanger (for example an automobile air-conditioning system) is used, the performances required for the heat exchange etc.
Par ailleurs, la présence ou l'absence d'ouvertures dans une branche permet de réaliser très simplement des passes dans l' echangeur. Ainsi, il .n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir des pièces supplémentaires rapportées telles que les cloisons de séparation 12 (voir figure 1) habituellement présentes pour constituer des divisions dans les boîtes collectrices 10 des échangeurs de type classique.Moreover, the presence or absence of openings in a branch makes it possible to very simply carry out passes in the exchanger. So, he . it is not necessary to provide additional parts reported such as partition walls 12 (see Figure 1) usually present to form divisions in the manifolds 10 exchangers of conventional type.
Pour réaliser des passes dans un echangeur conforme à l'invention, il suffit de prévoir un élément de circuit dont les embouts ne comportent pas d'ouverture à l'endroit approprié.To make passes in an exchanger according to the invention, it is sufficient to provide a circuit element whose tips do not have an opening at the appropriate place.
L'utilisation d'une boîte collectrice n'est ainsi plus nécessaire pour obtenir des chambres séparées. Il en résulte une réduction du nombre de pièces et une simplification de 1' echangeur. On a représenté sur les figures 5 à 7 différentes vues d'un embout 24 destiné à un élément de circuit 20 d'un echangeur de chaleur conforme à l'invention, en particulier d'un echangeur de chaleur représenté sur les figures 3 à 4b. Comme on peut le constater sur la figure 5, les embouts sont réalisés par emboutissage et pliage d'une bande de tôle en métal, de préférence en aluminium, pour former deux branches 31 de surface généralement plate et sans bossage. L'emboutissage permet de réaliser les ouvertures éventuelles des branches. A titre de simplification, les ouvertures 28b ne sont pas représentées sur les figures 5 à 7.The use of a collection box is thus no longer necessary to obtain separate rooms. This results in a reduction in the number of parts and a simplification of the exchanger. FIGS. 5 to 7 show different views of a nozzle 24 intended for a circuit element 20 of a heat exchanger according to the invention, in particular a heat exchanger represented in FIGS. 3 to 4b. . As can be seen in Figure 5, the tips are made by stamping and bending a metal sheet strip, preferably aluminum, to form two branches 31 generally flat surface and without boss. The stamping allows for possible openings of the branches. As a simplification, the openings 28b are not shown in FIGS. 5 to 7.
Un embouti 42 est formé dans la bande d'aluminium entre les branches 31. L'embouti 42 constitue le fond de l'embout 24. La bande de tôle est ensuite repliée de manière à rapprocher les deux branches, comme on peut le voir sur la figure 6.A stamp 42 is formed in the aluminum strip between the branches 31. The stamp 42 forms the bottom of the nozzle 24. The sheet metal strip is then folded so as to bring the two branches together, as can be seen on Figure 6.
L'embouti est conformé pour loger une extrémité du tube correspondant de manière à retenir le liquide sortant par cette extrémité. Il permet' ainsi d'empêcher le liquide de s'échapper suivant la direction axiale du tube après assemblage de l'élément de circuit. Pour cela, la section de l'embouti 42 est adaptée à la section du tube correspondant et le fond de l'embouti peut être sensiblement arrondi pour que l'extrémité correspondante ne s'appuie pas entièrement contre la paroi de fond de l'embouti 42. Ainsi, l'embouti 42 permet de prévoir un volume intérieur pour retenir le fluide provenant de 1 ' extrémité du tube tout en offrant une résistance satisfaisante aux hautes pressions.The stamping is shaped to accommodate an end of the corresponding tube so as to retain the liquid exiting this end. It thus prevents the liquid from escaping in the axial direction of the tube after assembly of the circuit element. For this, the section of the stamping 42 is adapted to the section of the corresponding tube and the bottom of the stamping may be substantially rounded so that the corresponding end does not rest entirely against the bottom wall of the stamped 42. Thus, the stamp 42 allows to provide an interior volume to retain the fluid from the end of the tube while providing satisfactory resistance to high pressures.
Ainsi, les embouts permettent non seulement le passage du premier fluide d'un tube donné au tube adjacent mais aussi la fermeture de l'extrémité ouverte des tubes.Thus, the tips allow not only the passage of the first fluid of a given tube to the adjacent tube but also the closure of the open end of the tubes.
Sur la figure 7, les deux branches 31 ont été entièrement repliées et l'embout est représenté terminé. Il est ensuite assemblé, par exemple par emmanchement ou sertissage sur un tube 22 avant brasage. Des ouvertures auxiliaires 44 et 45 facilitent le brasage de l'embout sur l'extrémité du tube 20. Grâce à cette fabrication, on résout le problème que l'on rencontre dans les échangeurs classiques à faisceau de tubes et à boîtes collectrices, à savoir le problème qui consiste à enfiler un tube de petite dimension dans un collecteur de grande dimension avec des trous de faibles dimensions et des tolérances faibles.In Figure 7, the two branches 31 have been fully folded and the tip is shown completed. It is then assembled, for example by fitting or crimping on a tube 22 before soldering. Auxiliary openings 44 and 45 facilitate brazing of the tip on the end of the tube 20. With this production, the problem that is encountered in conventional tube-bundle and collector-box heat exchangers, namely the problem of threading a small tube into a large collector with small dimensions and low tolerances.
Avec les éléments de circuit conformes à l'invention, il suffit d'assembler des embouts 24 sur des tubes 22 de mêmes dimensions. On supprime la fonction mécanique consistant à introduire des tubes dans des collecteurs percés. Il en résulte une extrême simplification de l'assemblage et de la fabrication de l' echangeur. L'absence de bossage sur les embouts simplifie également la fabrication des éléments de circuit.With the circuit elements according to the invention, it is sufficient to assemble end caps 24 on tubes 22 of the same dimensions. The mechanical function of introducing tubes into drilled manifolds is suppressed. This results in extreme simplification of assembly and manufacture of the exchanger. The absence of boss on the bits also simplifies the manufacture of the circuit elements.
La fabrication de l' echangeur comportera donc un poste de production pour produire les tubes, une presse pour produire les embouts et une machine automatique pour insérer les embouts sur les tubes. On passe ensuite directement à l'assemblage de l' echangeur par superposition des éléments de circuit ainsi fabriqués. L'ensemble est ensuite assemblé par brasage .The manufacture of the exchanger will therefore include a production station for producing the tubes, a press for producing the end pieces and an automatic machine for inserting the end pieces on the tubes. Then passes directly to the assembly of the exchanger by superposition circuit elements thus manufactured. The assembly is then assembled by soldering.
On a représenté sur la figure 8a une vue en perspective d'une extrémité ouverte d'un tube 22 destiné à la constitution d'un élément de circuit conforme à l'invention. Ce tube est de préférence un tube extrudé multi-canaux pour pouvoir résister aux fortes pressions. Il comporte par exemple sept canaux 46 séparés par six cloisons de séparation 48. Un tel tube est destiné, notamment, à contenir un fluide sous haute pression. Les cloisons de séparation 48 renforcent le tube et l'empêchent de se bomber sous la pression du fluide.FIG. 8a shows a perspective view of an open end of a tube 22 for constituting a circuit element according to the invention. This tube is preferably a multi-channel extruded tube to withstand high pressures. It comprises for example seven channels 46 separated by six partition walls 48. Such a tube is intended, in particular, to contain a fluid under high pressure. The partition walls 48 reinforce the tube and prevent it from bulging under the pressure of the fluid.
En outre, le tube comporte une ouverture circulaire latérale 220 sur une de ses parties d'extrémités ou sur ses deux parties d'extrémités (une seule extrémité représentée) selon qu'il est assemblé à un ou deux embouts. Cette ouverture 220 du tube est adaptée aux ouvertures éventuelles 28b de 1 ' embout correspondant . Plus précisément, l'embout 24 est emmanché sur l'extrémité du tube de telle manière que l'ouverture 220 soit situé sensiblement en regard de l'ouverture ou des ouvertures 28b des branches 31, ce qui forme le passage du premier fluide.In addition, the tube has a lateral circular opening 220 on one of its end portions or on both of its end portions (only one end shown) as it is connected to one or two end pieces. This opening 220 of the tube is adapted to the possible openings 28b of the corresponding nozzle. More specifically, the tip 24 is fitted on the end of the tube so that the opening 220 is located substantially opposite the opening or openings 28b of the branches 31, which forms the passage of the first fluid.
La figure 8b est une vue en coupe longitudinale de l'extrémité d'un élément de circuit 24 selon l'invention. L'embout 24 de l'élément de circuit représenté comporte deux branches 31 d'épaisseur ebranche, la branche supérieure comportant une ouverture 28b tandis que la branche inférieure ne comporte pas d'ouverture. L'embout est emmanché dans un tube 22 d'épaisseur etube, qui comporte une ouverture 220 de diamètre supérieur ou égal au diamètre de l'ouverture 28b du tube supérieur. Le tube 22 comporte plusieurs canaux 46 qui débouchent dans l'ouverture 220 du tube. L'embout comporte un embouti ayant un fond en U et des ouvertures auxiliaires 45 pour faciliter le brasage. Le diamètre externe du tube est sensiblement égal au diamètre interne de l'embout. Ainsi lorsque la partie d'extrémité du tube 22 est introduite dans l'embout 24, elle vient en butée contre les parois de l'embouti sans toutefois atteindre le fond. Le fluide arrivant dans le tube par les ouvertures 28b et 220 (dont la circulation est représentée par la flèche en traits pleins) ne peut ainsi s'échapper de l'élément de circuit grâce à cet embouti 42 et circule le long des canaux.Figure 8b is a longitudinal sectional view of the end of a circuit element 24 according to the invention. The tip 24 of the circuit element shown has two branches 31 of thickness e branch , the upper branch having an opening 28b while the lower branch has no opening. The tip is fitted into a tube 22 of thickness e tube , which has an opening 220 of diameter greater than or equal to the diameter of the opening 28b of the upper tube. The tube 22 has several channels 46 which open into the opening 220 of the tube. The tip comprises a stamping having a U-shaped bottom and auxiliary openings 45 to facilitate brazing. The outer diameter of the tube is substantially equal to the internal diameter of the nozzle. Thus when the end portion of the tube 22 is inserted into the nozzle 24, it abuts against the walls of the stamping without reaching the bottom. The fluid arriving in the tube through the openings 28b and 220 (the circulation of which is represented by the arrow in solid lines) can not escape from the circuit element thanks to this stamp 42 and flows along the channels.
On a représenté sur la figure 9 une vue en perspective d'un autre mode de réalisation d'un embout conforme à la présente invention. Il se distingue des embouts précédents en ce que les deux branches 31 sont de longueurs différentes.FIG. 9 shows a perspective view of another embodiment of a nozzle according to the present invention. It differs from previous tips in that the two branches 31 are of different lengths.
En effet, les embouts représentés sur les figures 3 à 8b comportent tous des branches de même longueur qui se superposent et s'appuient l'une contre l'autre lorsqu'elles sont entièrement repliées comme on peut le voir par exemple sur la figure 7. L'embout représenté sur la figure 9 comporte des branches 31 de longueurs différentes. Chaque branche a une surface généralement plate et sans bossage. Des embouts ayant des branches 31 de longueurs inégales permettent, par exemple, d'adapter la forme géométrique de l' echangeur à l'espace disponible dans le véhicule. Cela facilite son implantation et constitue un avantage par rapport aux échangeurs qui utilisent des boîtes collectrices 10 (figure 1) et qui doivent être nécessairement de forme rectangulaire .Indeed, the tips shown in Figures 3 to 8b all have branches of the same length which are superimposed and bear against each other when fully folded as can be seen for example in Figure 7 The tip shown in Figure 9 has branches 31 of different lengths. Each branch has a generally flat surface and no boss. Endpieces having branches 31 of unequal lengths make it possible, for example, to adapt the geometrical shape of the exchanger to the space available in the vehicle. This facilitates its implementation and is an advantage over the exchangers that use manifolds 10 (Figure 1) and must necessarily be rectangular.
Dans les réalisations décrites précédemment, l' echangeur est constitué d'éléments de circuit comportant un tube unique 22. Les éléments de circuit qui constituent l' echangeur de l'invention peuvent également comporter deux tubes comme représenté sur la figure 11 ou plus de deux tubes comme représenté sur la figure 12, par exemple trois tubes ou davantage. Dans ce cas, chaque élément de circuit 20 comporte deux types différents d'embouts : d'une part les embouts terminaux ou embouts d'extrémité 24 décrits précédemment,In the embodiments described above, the exchanger consists of circuit elements comprising a single tube 22. The circuit elements which constitute the exchanger of the invention may also comprise two tubes as shown in FIG. 11 or more than two tubes as shown in Figure 12, for example three or more tubes. In this case, each circuit element 20 comprises two different types of ferrules: on the one hand the end ferrules or end ferrules 24 described previously,
' d'autre part des embouts intermédiaires désignés par la référence 124. Les embouts intermédiaires se distinguent des embouts terminaux par le fait qu'ils sont reliés à deux tubes distincts au lieu d'être fixés à l'extrémité d'un tube unique. Les éléments de circuit de l' echangeur représentés sur la figure 11 comportent un seul embout intermédiaire 124. Les éléments de circuit de l' echangeur représentés sur la figure 12 comportent deux embouts intermédiaires 124. 'Second intermediate bits designated by reference numeral 124. The intermediate tips differ from terminal ends by the fact that they are connected to two separate tubes, instead of being attached to the end of a single tube. The circuit elements of the exchanger shown in FIG. 11 comprise a single intermediate nozzle 124. The circuit elements of the exchanger shown in FIG. 12 comprise two intermediate tips 124.
On a représenté sur la figure 13 une vue en perspective qui illustre la réalisation d'un embout intermédiaire 124. Les embouts intermédiaires, comme les embouts d'extrémité, sont obtenus à partir d'une tôle, de préférence une tôle d'aluminium. Dans un premier temps, cette tôle est découpée pour obtenir une forme en Y (non représentée) . La forme en Y est repliée en deux et les bords sont repliés de manière à obtenir une forme fermée de faces supérieure et inférieure généralement plates et sans bossage, comme celle qui est représentée sur la figure 13. Un tube 22 est ensuite emmanché à chacune des extrémités de cette forme fermée. Les embouts intermédiaires peuvent présenter un angle comme représenté sur les figures 11, 12 et 13. Toutefois, les embouts intermédiaires pourraient également être rectilignes. L'invention n'est pas non plus limitée au tube 22 décrit ci- dessus en- référence à la figure 8. En effet, d'autres types de tubes peuvent être utilisés. Par exemple, le tube 22 représenté sur la figure 20 s'apparente au tube 22 de la figure 8a, si ce n'est qu'il est réalisé par conformation d'une tôle pliée 70 et non par extrusion. Cette tôle 70 comporte deux bords longitudinaux 72 qui sont réunis mutuellement. Par ailleurs, cette tôle comporte des replis intérieures 74 propres à définir des cloisons délimitant sept canaux intérieurs 46. Le tube comporte par ailleurs une ouverture circulaire latérale 220 analogue à celle du tube de la figure 8a. Un tel tube est particulièrement adapté pour une utilisation dans un refroidisseur d'huile.FIG. 13 shows a perspective view which illustrates the production of an intermediate nozzle 124. Intermediate tips, such as end caps, are obtained from a sheet, preferably an aluminum sheet. At first, this sheet is cut to obtain a Y shape (not shown). The Y shape is folded in two and the edges are folded so as to obtain a closed form of upper and lower faces generally flat and without boss, as shown in Figure 13. A tube 22 is then fitted to each of the ends of this closed form. The intermediate tips may have an angle as shown in Figures 11, 12 and 13. However, the intermediate tips could also be straight. The invention is also not limited to tube 22 described above with reference to FIG. 8. In fact, other types of tubes may be used. For example, the tube 22 shown in Figure 20 is similar to the tube 22 of Figure 8a, except that it is made by shaping a folded sheet 70 and not by extrusion. This sheet 70 has two longitudinal edges 72 which are joined together. Furthermore, this sheet has internal folds 74 adapted to define partitions defining seven interior channels 46. The tube further comprises a lateral circular opening 220 similar to that of the tube of Figure 8a. Such a tube is particularly suitable for use in an oil cooler.
Un autre exemple de tube 22 est représenté sur la figure 21. Ce tube 22, qui s'apparente également à celui de la figure 8, est un tube plat qui peut être réalisé par extrusion. Ce tube loge intérieurement un insert ondulé 76, ce qui permet de définir une multiplicité de canaux de circulation 46 à l'intérieur du tube. Il comporte en outre une ouverture circulaire latérale 220 analogue à celle du tube de la figure 8a. Un tel tube est également adapté pour une utilisation dans un refroidisseur d'huile.Another example of tube 22 is shown in FIG. 21. This tube 22, which is also similar to that of FIG. 8, is a flat tube that can be made by extrusion. This tube internally houses a corrugated insert 76, which makes it possible to define a multiplicity of circulation channels 46 inside the tube. It further comprises a lateral circular opening 220 similar to that of the tube of Figure 8a. Such a tube is also suitable for use in an oil cooler.
L'élément de circuit de l'invention peut être utilisé pour réaliser différents types d' echangeur de chaleur et en particulier des condenseurs pour des installations de climatisation de véhicules automobiles et des refroidisseurs d'huile.The circuit element of the invention can be used to realize different types of heat exchanger and in particular condensers for motor vehicle air conditioning plants and oil coolers.
Les figures 14 à 16 illustrent un echangeur selon un premier mode de réalisation de l'invention. L' echangeur représenté est propre à supporter de fortes pressions typiquement supérieures à 100 bars. Il est adapté en particulier pour une utilisation avec: - un premier fluide à haute pression (notamment supérieure à 100 bars) , par exemple le fluide frigorigène C02 (R744) ou le fluide R134a, et - un deuxième fluide à basse pression (notamment inférieure à 10 bars) , par exemple le liquide de refroidissement moteur.Figures 14 to 16 illustrate an exchanger according to a first embodiment of the invention. The exchanger shown is able to withstand high pressures typically greater than 100 bar. It is particularly suitable for use with: a first fluid at high pressure (especially greater than 100 bar), for example the refrigerant C0 2 (R744) or the fluid R134a, and a second fluid at low pressure (especially less than 10 bar), for example the liquid engine cooling.
Cet echangeur peut être utilisé comme refroidisseur ou réchauffeur d'huile et dans ce cas l'échange de chaleur se produit entre l'huile (premier fluide) et le liquide de refroidissement moteur (deuxième fluide) .This exchanger can be used as cooler or oil heater and in this case heat exchange occurs between the oil (first fluid) and the engine coolant (second fluid).
Il peut être également utilisé comme echangeur de chaleur pour des circuits de climatisation automobile fonctionnant avec le fluide frigorigène C02 ou R744.It can also be used as a heat exchanger for automotive air conditioning systems operating with refrigerant C0 2 or R744.
En particulier, il peut être utilisé comme évaporateur entre le fluide C02 et le liquide de refroidissement à refroidir. Le liquide de refroidissement circule ensuite dans un radiateur "froid" dans l'appareil de ventilation et de climatisation de l'habitacle du véhicule.In particular, it can be used as an evaporator between the fluid C0 2 and the coolant to be cooled. The coolant then circulates in a "cold" radiator in the ventilation and air conditioning unit of the passenger compartment of the vehicle.
Il peut encore être utilisé comme echangeur (avec une fonction de réchauffement ou de refroidissement) entre le fluide frigorigène R744 et le liquide de refroidissement moteur.It can still be used as an exchanger (with a heating or cooling function) between the R744 refrigerant and the engine coolant.
Les échangeurs de chaleur classiques utilisant le liquide de refroidissement comme deuxième fluide, par exemple pour le refroidissement de l'huile, comprennent généralement un empilage de plaques à la place d'un faisceau de tubes. Mais de tels échangeurs résistent mal à la haute pression du premier fluide sans renforts importants. L' echangeur de chaleur proposé ci-après est à la fois simple et modulaire tout en résistant aux hautes pressions.Conventional heat exchangers using the coolant as a second fluid, for example for cooling the oil, generally comprise a stack of plates instead of a bundle of tubes. But such exchangers poorly withstand the high pressure of the first fluid without significant reinforcements. The heat exchanger proposed hereafter is both simple and modular while resisting high pressures.
On a représenté sur la figure 14 une vue partielle en perspective d'un echangeur de chaleur 2' selon le premier mode de réalisation de l'invention. Cette vue montre un faisceau 35 d'éléments de circuit 20 obtenu en assemblant au préalable chaque tube 22 avec ses embouts respectifs et en empilant les éléments de circuit les uns sur les autres.FIG. 14 shows a partial perspective view of a heat exchanger 2 'according to the first embodiment of the invention. This view shows a beam of circuit elements 20 obtained by assembling the prior to each tube 22 with its respective tips and stacking the circuit elements on each other.
La figure 14 montre notamment les tubulures d'entrée 58 et de sortie 60 du premier fluide. Le trajet du premier fluide est illustré par des flèches en traits interrompus et le trajet du deuxième fluide par des flèches en traits pleins.FIG. 14 shows, in particular, the inlet and outlet pipes 58 and 60 of the first fluid. The path of the first fluid is illustrated by arrows in broken lines and the path of the second fluid by arrows in solid lines.
Le premier fluide à haute pression circule alternativement dans les tubes 22 comme décrit précédemment, grâce à la structure des éléments de circuit.The first high pressure fluid circulates alternately in the tubes 22 as previously described, thanks to the structure of the circuit elements.
Le deuxième fluide à basse pression circule entre les tubes à l'extérieur suivant la direction axiale des tubes et' dans ' le sens opposé au sens de circulation du premier fluide. La tubulure de sortie 52 du deuxième fluide est représentée sur la figure 14.The second low pressure fluid circulating between the tubes on the outside in the axial direction of the tubes and 'in' the direction opposite to the direction of circulation of the first fluid. The outlet tubing 52 of the second fluid is shown in FIG.
Le faisceau des tubes empilés 35 est agencé dans un boîtier extérieur 64 constitué de plusieurs éléments de boîtier brasés entre eux après placement du faisceau. Des plaques latérales sont au préalable brasées sur le faisceau pour forcer l'écoulement du deuxième fluide entre les tubes. Sur la figure 16, qui représente un détail agrandi de la figure 14, les tubes 22 d'un élément de circuit sont représentés avec leurs embouts respectifs 24. Dans l'exemple de la figure 16, on utilise des tubes à petits canaux réalisés par extrusion pour une bonne tenue aux hautes pressions, notamment supérieures à 130 bars.The bundle of stacked tubes 35 is arranged in an outer casing 64 consisting of several casing elements brazed together after placement of the bundle. Side plates are previously brazed to the beam to force the flow of the second fluid between the tubes. In Fig. 16, which shows an enlarged detail of Fig. 14, the tubes 22 of a circuit element are shown with their respective end-pieces 24. In the example of Fig. 16, small-channel tubes made by extrusion for good resistance to high pressures, especially greater than 130 bar.
La figure 15 est une vue extérieure du boîtier 64 de l' echangeur 2' après assemblage. Les tubulures d'entrée et de sortie 58 et 60 du premier fluide sont généralement orientées suivant la direction normale aux faces des tubes (axe z) et les tubulures d'entrée et sortie 50 et 52 du deuxième fluide sont généralement orientées selon la direction perpendiculaire à l'axe des tubes et aux faces des tubes (axe x) . Un boîtier 64 permet la circulation du deuxième fluide à basse pression, dans l' echangeur. Ce boîtier est constitué de deux demi-boîtiers 640 et 641 brasés entre eux.Figure 15 is an external view of the housing 64 of the exchanger 2 'after assembly. The inlet and outlet pipes 58 and 60 of the first fluid are generally oriented in the normal direction to the faces of the tubes (z axis) and the inlet and outlet pipes 50 and 52 of the second fluid are generally oriented in the perpendicular direction. to the axis of the tubes and to the faces of the tubes (x-axis). A housing 64 allows the circulation of the second fluid to low pressure, in the exchanger. This housing consists of two half-housings 640 and 641 brazed together.
Le boîtier 64 canalise rigoureusement le fluide qui circule entre les tubes, ce qui améliore l'échange thermique.The housing 64 tightly channels the fluid flowing between the tubes, which improves the heat exchange.
L' echangeur de chaleur décrit ci-avant a en outre une résistance satisfaisante aux hautes pressions contrairement aux échangeurs de l'art antérieur qui utilisent le liquide de refroidissement comme deuxième fluide.The heat exchanger described above also has a satisfactory resistance to high pressures unlike the exchangers of the prior art which use the coolant as a second fluid.
Les figures 17 à 19 illustrent un echangeur selon un deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention. L' echangeur représenté est propre à supporter de fortes pressions typiquement supérieures à 100 bars. Il est adapté à une utilisation avec: - un premier fluide à haute pression (notamment supérieure à ' 100 bars), par exemple le fluide frigorigène C02 (R744) , et - un deuxième fluide à haute pression, également le fluide frigorigène C02 par exemple.Figures 17 to 19 illustrate an exchanger according to a second embodiment of the invention. The exchanger shown is able to withstand high pressures typically greater than 100 bar. It is suitable for use with: a first fluid at high pressure (especially greater than 100 bar), for example the refrigerant C0 2 (R744), and a second fluid at high pressure, also the refrigerant C0 2 for example.
Il peut être utilisé comme echangeur de chaleur pour des circuits de climatisation automobile fonctionnant avec le fluide frigorigène C02, tel que 1 'Echangeur de Chaleur Interne (IHX internai Heat Exchanger) .It can be used as a heat exchanger for automotive air-conditioning circuits operating with the refrigerant C0 2 , such as the internal heat exchanger (IHX internai Heat Exchanger).
La figure 17 est une vue d'ensemble en perspective montrant un echangeur de chaleur 2" selon le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention. L' echangeur comprend un faisceau de tubes 35". Ce faisceau est constitué d'un empilement d'éléments de circuit conformes à l'invention.Figure 17 is an overall perspective view showing a heat exchanger 2 "according to the second embodiment of the invention, the exchanger comprises a bundle of tubes 35". This beam consists of a stack of circuit elements according to the invention.
Les éléments de circuit du faisceau de tubes 35" définissent un passage pour la circulation du premier fluide, comme décrit précédemment.The circuit elements of the tube bundle 35 "define a passage for the circulation of the first fluid, as previously described.
La figure 17 montre en particulier la tubulure de sortie 60" du premier fluide. La circulation du premier fluide est illustrée par des flèches en traits interrompus. La figure 17 montre également la tubulure d'entrée 50" du deuxième fluide. La tubulure 50" est préfixée sur le faisceau 35". La circulation du deuxième fluide est illustrée par les flèches en traits pleins. Le deuxième fluide à haute pression circule entre les tubes à l'extérieur suivant la direction axiale des tubes et dans le sens opposé au sens de circulation du premier fluide.In particular, FIG. 17 shows the outlet pipe 60 "of the first fluid, the circulation of the first fluid is illustrated by arrows in broken lines. Figure 17 also shows the inlet pipe 50 "of the second fluid, the pipe 50" is prefixed on the beam 35 ", the circulation of the second fluid is illustrated by the arrows in solid lines, and the second fluid at high pressure circulates between the tubes outside in the axial direction of the tubes and in the opposite direction to the flow direction of the first fluid.
Le faisceau 35" est agencé dans un boîtier 64" constitué de plusieurs éléments de boîtier brasés entre eux après introduction du faisceau. En particulier, ce boîtier est constitué de deux demi-coquilles 640" et 641" brasées entre elles pour former sensiblement un cylindre et de deux couvercles latéraux, notamment en forme de demi-sphère, qui viennent refermer les extrémités du cylindre. Seul un couvercle 642" est représenté sur la figure 17 pour faire apparaître les éléments intérieurs de 1 ' echangeur 2".The beam 35 "is arranged in a housing 64" consisting of several housing elements brazed together after introduction of the beam. In particular, this housing consists of two half-shells 640 "and 641" brazed together to form substantially a cylinder and two side covers, in particular in the form of a half-sphere, which close the ends of the cylinder. Only a cover 642 "is shown in FIG. 17 to reveal the inner elements of the exchanger 2".
En référence à la figure 18 qui 'est une vue eh perspective interne de 1 ' echangeur 2", des plaques latérales 70 sont au préalable brasées sur le faisceau pour forcer l'écoulement du deuxième fluide entre les tubes .Referring to Figure 18 which is an internal perspective view of the exchanger 2, side plates 70 are previously brazed to the beam to force the flow of the second fluid between the tubes.
Sur la figure 19 qui est une vue partielle à plus grande échelle de l' echangeur, les tubes 22 sont représentés avec leurs embouts respectifs 24. Les tubes sont également des tubes à petits canaux qui peuvent être obtenus par extrusion pour une tenue aux hautes pressions, notamment supérieures à 130 bars..In FIG. 19, which is a partial view on a larger scale of the exchanger, the tubes 22 are shown with their respective end-pieces 24. The tubes are also small-channel tubes that can be obtained by extrusion for holding at high pressures. , especially above 130 bar ..
Dans les échangeurs décrits en référence aux premier et deuxième modes de réalisation, le boîtier extérieur est obtenu par brasage des éléments de boîtier et des éléments de circuit en une seule opération. En variante, le boîtier extérieur peut être une pièce moulée en matière plastique, dans lequel est placé l'empilement d'éléments de circuit brasé au préalable.In the exchangers described with reference to the first and second embodiments, the outer casing is obtained by brazing the casing elements and the circuit elements in a single operation. Alternatively, the outer casing may be a molded plastic part, in which is placed the stack of pre-brazed circuit elements.
Un turbulateur peut être ajouté dans l'espace compris entre les tubes dans les échangeurs du premier et deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention afin d'améliorer l'échange thermique et la résistance mécanique. Il peut être réalisé à la molette o embouti. Lors de l'assemblage des composants de l' echangeur, il est brasé sur les tubes.A turbulator can be added in the space between the tubes in the exchangers of the first and second modes of embodiment of the invention to improve heat exchange and mechanical strength. It can be realized with the wheel o stamped. When assembling the components of the exchanger, it is brazed on the tubes.
De tels échangeurs permettent de remplacer les composants usinés de l'art antérieur, tels que le collecteur par une structure modulaire moins coûteuse. Le nombre et la longueur des éléments de circuit peuvent être modifiés simplement. La surface d'échange est donc facilement modifiable sans utiliser d'outils.Such exchangers make it possible to replace the machined components of the prior art, such as the collector, with a less expensive modular structure. The number and length of the circuit elements can be changed simply. The exchange surface is easily modifiable without the use of tools.
Bien évidemment, les échangeurs décrits ci-dessus selon le premier et le deuxième mode de réalisation de l'invention ne sont pas limités à une utilisation pour un circuit de climatisation fonctionnant avec le fluide frigorigène C02, et • peuvent utiliser toute sorte de fluide pour réaliser l'échange thermique (gaz, liquide multi-phase, etc.) Par ailleurs, l'invention n'est pas limitée aux échangeurs décrits ci-dessus conformément au premier et au deuxième mode de réalisation. D'autres types d' échangeurs de chaleur réalisés à partir de l'élément de circuit de l'invention peuvent être envisagés. De manière générale, de tels échangeurs peuvent comprendre: — un faisceau constitué d'éléments de circuit empilés conformes à l'invention; — des plaques latérales brasées avec le faisceau; et - des éléments de boîtier, soudés entre eux pour former un boîtier extérieur après introduction du faisceau, ce boîtier extérieur canalisant le deuxième fluide, ou un boîtier moulé en matière plastique dans lequel est placé l'empilement d'éléments de circuit brasé au préalable. L'utilisation d'éléments de circuit dans les échangeurs permet de simplifier leur fabrication. Le procédé de fabrication des échangeurs conformes à l'invention peut ainsi comprendre : - le pré-assemblage des tubes avec leurs embouts respectifs, - l'empilement des éléments de circuit, pour former le faisceau,Obviously, the heat exchangers described above according to the first and second embodiment of the invention are not limited to use for a functioning air conditioning system with refrigerant C0 2, • and can use any kind of fluid to achieve the heat exchange (gas, multi-phase liquid, etc.). Furthermore, the invention is not limited to the exchangers described above according to the first and second embodiments. Other types of heat exchangers made from the circuit element of the invention can be envisaged. In general, such exchangers may comprise: a bundle consisting of stacked circuit elements according to the invention; - side plates brazed with the beam; and - housing elements, welded together to form an outer casing after introduction of the beam, this outer casing channeling the second fluid, or a molded plastic casing in which is placed the stack of brazed circuit elements beforehand . The use of circuit elements in the exchangers makes it possible to simplify their manufacture. The manufacturing process of the exchangers in accordance with the invention can thus comprise: the pre-assembly of the tubes with their respective tips, the stacking of the circuit elements, to form the beam,
- le brasage du faisceau avec des plaques latérales,brazing the beam with side plates,
- l'introduction du faisceau dans une des portions du boîtier, etthe introduction of the beam into one of the portions of the housing, and
- le soudage de tous les éléments de boîtier.welding of all the housing elements.
L'utilisation des éléments de circuit dans les échangeurs selon l'invention permet ainsi d'obtenir à la fois une structure simplifiée et moins coûteuse que les réalisations de l'art antérieur, une résistance aux hautes pressions, un pas ptube réduit entre les tubes du faisceau, un- encombrement réduit, et un échange de chaleur satisfaisant. The use of the circuit elements in the exchangers according to the invention thus makes it possible to obtain both a simplified and less expensive structure than the embodiments of the prior art, a resistance to high pressures, a reduced pitch between tubes. beam tubes, a reduced footprint, and a satisfactory heat exchange.

Claims

Revendications claims
1. Elément de circuit hydraulique (20), pour l'échange de chaleur entre un premier fluide et un second fluide, définissant un parcours pour le premier fluide, l'élément de circuit comprenant au moins un tube (22) ayant au moins- une extrémité ouverte et un embout (24), ledit embout (24) comprenant un fond (42) obturant ladite extrémité et une paroi latérale entourant le tube au voisinage de ladite extrémité, la paroi latérale comportant au moins une ouverture (28b) en communication avec une ouverture latérale (220) du tube pour contribuer à définir le parcours du premier fluide, caractérisé en ce que la paroi latérale de l'embout (24) s'applique étroitement sur le tube (22) par toute sa surface.A hydraulic circuit element (20) for heat exchange between a first fluid and a second fluid, defining a path for the first fluid, the circuit element comprising at least one tube (22) having at least one an open end and a tip (24), said tip (24) comprising a bottom (42) closing said end and a side wall surrounding the tube in the vicinity of said end, the side wall having at least one opening (28b) in communication with a lateral opening (220) of the tube to help define the path of the first fluid, characterized in that the side wall of the nozzle (24) is tightly applied to the tube (22) over its entire surface.
' 2. Elément de circuit selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que chaque embout est constitué d'une bande de tôle emboutie pour former ledit fond (42) et repliée pour former deux branches (31) , la paroi latérale comprenant lesdites branches . 2. A circuit element according to claim 1, characterized in that each end piece comprises a strip of sheet metal to form said bottom (42) and folded to form two legs (31), the side wall comprising said legs.
3. Elément de circuit selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les deux branches (31) de chaque embout (24) sont de longueurs égales.3. Circuit element according to claim 2, characterized in that the two branches (31) of each endpiece (24) are of equal lengths.
4. Elément de circuit selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les deux branches (31) de chaque embout (24) sont de longueurs inégales.4. Circuit element according to claim 2, characterized in that the two branches (31) of each endpiece (24) are of unequal length.
5. Elément de circuit selon l'une des revendications 2 à 4, caractérisé en ce que lesdites branches ont une surface généralement plate. 5. Circuit element according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that said branches have a generally flat surface.
6. Elément de circuit selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que le ou lesdits tubes (22) sont généralement plats.6. Circuit element according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the or said tubes (22) are generally flat.
7. Elément de circuit selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que chaque tube (22) comporte des canaux multiples. 7. Circuit element according to claim 6, characterized in that each tube (22) comprises multiple channels.
8. Elément de circuit selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un tube unique (22) comportant un embout terminal (24) à chacune de ses extrémités .8. Circuit element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it comprises a single tube (22) having a terminal end (24) at each of its ends.
9. Elément de circuit selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué de plusieurs tubes (22), un embout intermédiaire (124) étant présent entre deux tubes (22) successifs.9. Circuit element according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that it consists of several tubes (22), an intermediate nozzle (124) being present between two tubes (22) successive.
10. Elément de circuit selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une forme rectiligne.10. Circuit element according to claim 9, characterized in that it has a rectilinear shape.
11. Elément de circuit selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente une forme générale brisée.11. Circuit element according to claim 9, characterized in that it has a general broken shape.
12. Echangeur de chaleur (2;2'), notamment pour un véhicule automobile, comprenant un empilement d'éléments (35; 35') de circuit (20) selon l'une des revendications- précédentes communiquant entre eux par l'intermédiaire des ouvertures (28b) desdits embouts (24) pour permettre un passage du premier fluide entre lesdits éléments de circuit.12. Heat exchanger (2; 2 '), in particular for a motor vehicle, comprising a stack of elements (35; 35') of circuit (20) according to one of the preceding claims-communicating with each other via openings (28b) of said tips (24) to allow passage of the first fluid between said circuit elements.
13. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 12, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de circuit (20) viennent en contact par les branches de leurs embouts (24) respectifs lorsqu'ils sont empilés, de telle sorte qu'une branche (31) d'un élément de circuit (20) repose sur une branche (31) d'un élément de circuit (20) adjacent.13. Heat exchanger according to claim 12, characterized in that the circuit elements (20) come into contact with the branches of their respective ends (24) when they are stacked, so that a branch (31) a circuit element (20) rests on a branch (31) of an adjacent circuit element (20).
14. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 12 et 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient un fluide réfrigérant en tant que premier fluide et le liquide de refroidissement en tant que deuxième fluide.14. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that it contains a coolant as a first fluid and the coolant as a second fluid.
15. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 12 et 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient un fluide réfrigérant en tant que premier fluide et en tant que deuxième fluide. 15. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that it contains a refrigerant fluid as a first fluid and as a second fluid.
16, Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 14 et 15, caractérisé en ce que ledit fluide réfrigérant est le fluide R744. 16, heat exchanger according to one of claims 14 and 15, characterized in that said coolant is the fluid R744.
17. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 12 et 13, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient l'huile en tant que premier fluide et le liquide de refroidissement en tant que deuxième fluide. 17. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 12 and 13, characterized in that it contains the oil as a first fluid and the coolant as a second fluid.
18. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 12 à 17, caractérisé en ce que le pas ptUbe entre les tubes respectifs de deux éléments de circuit (20) adjacents est égal a ebranche + etube,18. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 12 to 17, characterized in that the pitch p tUbe between the respective tubes of two adjacent circuit elements (20) is equal to the branch + e tube ,
.où ebranche désigne l'épaisseur d'une branche d'un embout (24) et etube désigne l'épaisseur du tube (22) .where e branch designates the thickness of a branch of a nozzle (24) and e tube designates the thickness of the tube (22).
19. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 12 à 18, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte deux plaques latérales (70) brasées sur l'empilement d'éléments de circuit (35).19. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 12 to 18, characterized in that it comprises two side plates (70) brazed to the stack of circuit elements (35).
20. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 12 à 19, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un boîtier extérieur (64; 64') dans lequel est agencé l'empilement (35; 35') d'éléments de circuit (20).20. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 12 to 19, characterized in that it comprises an outer casing (64; 64 ') in which is arranged the stack (35; 35') of circuit elements ( 20).
21. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier extérieur (64) est constitué d'éléments de boîtiers (641, 640; 641", 640"; 642") brasés ensemble .21. Heat exchanger according to claim 20, characterized in that the outer casing (64) consists of casing elements (641, 640, 641 ", 640", 642 ") brazed together.
22. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 21, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de boîtier comprennent des demi-coquilles ( 641", 640" ) , et deux couvercles (642") soudés sur les extrémités formées par lesdites demi-coquilles.22. Heat exchanger according to claim 21, characterized in that the housing elements comprise half-shells (641 ", 640"), and two covers (642 ") welded to the ends formed by said half-shells.
23. Echangeur de chaleur selon la revendication 20, caractérisé en ce que le boîtier extérieur (64; 64') est une pièce moulée en matière plastique dans laquelle est placé l'empilement (35;35') d'éléments de circuit brasé. 23. Heat exchanger according to claim 20, characterized in that the outer casing (64; 64 ') is a molded plastic part in which is placed the stack (35; 35') of brazed circuit elements.
24. Echangeur de chaleur selon l'une des revendications 12 à 23, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend un turbulateur agencé dans l'espace délimité par deux éléments de circuit adjacents . 24. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 12 to 23, characterized in that it comprises a turbulator arranged in the space delimited by two adjacent circuit elements.
EP04787454.0A 2003-09-26 2004-09-27 Hydraulic circuit element for a heat exchanger, and heat exchanger thus obtained Not-in-force EP1676088B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL04787454T PL1676088T3 (en) 2003-09-26 2004-09-27 Hydraulic circuit element for a heat exchanger, and heat exchanger thus obtained

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0311305A FR2860288B1 (en) 2003-09-26 2003-09-26 CIRCUIT ELEMENT FOR HEAT EXCHANGER, AND HEAT EXCHANGER THUS OBTAINED
PCT/FR2004/002431 WO2005031237A2 (en) 2003-09-26 2004-09-27 Circuit element for a heat exchanger, and heat exchanger thus obtained

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1676088A2 true EP1676088A2 (en) 2006-07-05
EP1676088B1 EP1676088B1 (en) 2015-04-01

Family

ID=34307195

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04787454.0A Not-in-force EP1676088B1 (en) 2003-09-26 2004-09-27 Hydraulic circuit element for a heat exchanger, and heat exchanger thus obtained

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1676088B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2860288B1 (en)
PL (1) PL1676088T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2005031237A2 (en)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1712864A1 (en) * 2005-04-14 2006-10-18 Delphi Technologies, Inc. Method of forming a heat exchanger and a spacer therefor
EP1788334A3 (en) * 2005-11-17 2009-04-08 Behr GmbH & Co. KG Heat exchanger
DE102006062261A1 (en) * 2006-12-22 2008-06-26 Konvekta Ag Air conditioning system for vehicle, particularly for buses, has fluid circuit with condenser device, evaporator device and compressor unit
AT505413B1 (en) * 2007-08-21 2009-01-15 Pustelnik Philipp Dipl Ing PLATE COOLER FOR LIQUIDS
DE102007051123A1 (en) * 2007-10-24 2009-04-30 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg Inner heat exchanger for a refrigerant circuit
DE102009058069A1 (en) * 2009-12-14 2011-06-16 Behr Gmbh & Co. Kg heat exchangers
DE102021209342A1 (en) 2021-08-25 2023-03-02 Mahle International Gmbh coaxial tube arrangement

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1179639B (en) * 1984-05-04 1987-09-16 Piemontese Radiatori MOTOR VEHICLE RADIATOR
JPH0619965Y2 (en) * 1988-01-22 1994-05-25 サンデン株式会社 Heat exchanger
DE3810131C1 (en) * 1988-03-25 1989-07-06 Sueddeutsche Kuehlerfabrik Julius Fr. Behr Gmbh & Co Kg, 7000 Stuttgart, De Heat exchanger
DE4414979A1 (en) * 1994-04-29 1995-11-02 Behr Industrietech Gmbh & Co Heat exchanger for e.g. oil, air and oil, water
FR2737287B1 (en) * 1995-07-25 1997-09-12 Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa STACKED HEAT EXCHANGER IN A STACK
DE19635457A1 (en) 1996-08-31 1998-03-05 Behr Gmbh & Co Pipe block heat exchanger
FR2813663B1 (en) * 2000-09-04 2002-12-20 Didier Costes HEAT EXCHANGER USING EXTRUDED SHEET PLATES
FR2834336B1 (en) 2001-12-28 2006-12-01 Valeo Thermique Moteur Sa CIRCUIT ELEMENT FOR A HEAT EXCHANGER, IN PARTICULAR A MOTOR VEHICLE AND A HEAT EXCHANGER THUS OBTAINED

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
See references of WO2005031237A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2860288A1 (en) 2005-04-01
WO2005031237A2 (en) 2005-04-07
EP1676088B1 (en) 2015-04-01
FR2860288B1 (en) 2005-11-11
WO2005031237A3 (en) 2005-06-16
PL1676088T3 (en) 2015-09-30

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