EP1668186A1 - Bridge particularly for crossing a passage of a navigation channel - Google Patents

Bridge particularly for crossing a passage of a navigation channel

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Publication number
EP1668186A1
EP1668186A1 EP04787279A EP04787279A EP1668186A1 EP 1668186 A1 EP1668186 A1 EP 1668186A1 EP 04787279 A EP04787279 A EP 04787279A EP 04787279 A EP04787279 A EP 04787279A EP 1668186 A1 EP1668186 A1 EP 1668186A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
span
bridge according
bridge
lifting
pass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04787279A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1668186B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Pierre Ghilardi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Technip Energies France SAS
Original Assignee
Europeenne dIngenierie Mecanique SA EURODIM
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Europeenne dIngenierie Mecanique SA EURODIM filed Critical Europeenne dIngenierie Mecanique SA EURODIM
Publication of EP1668186A1 publication Critical patent/EP1668186A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1668186B1 publication Critical patent/EP1668186B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D15/00—Movable or portable bridges; Floating bridges
    • E01D15/02—Vertical lift bridges
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01D—CONSTRUCTION OF BRIDGES, ELEVATED ROADWAYS OR VIADUCTS; ASSEMBLY OF BRIDGES
    • E01D18/00—Bridges specially adapted for particular applications or functions not provided for elsewhere, e.g. aqueducts, bridges for supporting pipe-lines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bridge intended in particular to cross a pass of a navigation lane and comprising a portion in the form of a span, movable in translation in height between a low position for crossing the pass, in which the span rests on parts fixed support for the "bridge and a height clearance position for the pass, and a support structure for the span during its movement as well as means for lifting the span.
  • Bridges of this type which are known, have the major drawback of having a complex and bulky structure, insofar as they comprise, on each side of the pass a support structure which requires significant installation works, especially when it is in the water and which must be equipped with lifting means which must be powered and perfectly coordinated, which requires a sophisticated design.
  • a bridge according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises only a single support structure, provided with lifting means, which is arranged on one side of the pass to be crossed.
  • the bridge is characterized in that the lifting means comprise traction cables, one end of which is fixed to the span and the other end of which is connected to a traction device, passing over pulleys that are part of the support structure.
  • the two lifting cables are fixed to each side of the span and pass over a pulley mounted on the support structure in a vertical plane passing through the middle of the span.
  • the support structure comprises two beam support pylons each provided at its free end with a pulley over which the cables for lifting the span pass.
  • the pylons and the beams are provided with reinforcing elements such as beams or shrouds.
  • the means for lifting the span comprise a beam mounted to pivot on a support structure at one end of which the span is suspended, while pivoting actuation means are connected to the other end.
  • the span is produced in the form of a self-supporting structure suspended from the end of the beam by suspension cables.
  • the span has a lightened structure, carried by a multitude of shrouds, both in its low position for crossing the pass and in its high position for clearing the pass, the shrouds being suspended. at the aforementioned end of the beam.
  • a beam is formed by two levers with two arms which are each pivotally mounted on a pylon while being, where appropriate, connected by a cross-member.
  • the weight of the span is at least partially offset by counterweights.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 are perspective views of a first embodiment of a bridge according to the invention, the bridge occupying its low position for crossing the pass of a navigation lane;
  • FIGs 3 and 4 are perspective views of the embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2, but show this bridge in its elevated position for clearing the pass;
  • - Figures 5 and 6 are perspective views of two different embodiments of the bridge according to Figures 1 to 4;
  • - Figures 7 and 8 are perspective views which illustrate a second embodiment of a bridge according to the invention in its pass crossing position;
  • - Figure 9 is a perspective view of the bridge according to Figures 7 and 8, but shows it in its elevated position of clearance from the pass;
  • - Figure 10 is a perspective view of a bridge with two spans according to Figures 7 to 9;
  • - Figures 11 and 12 are perspective views of another version of the second embodiment of a bridge according to the invention, illustrating the latter in its position for crossing the pass;
  • - Figure 13 is a perspective view of the bridge according to Figures
  • a lifting bridge 1 intended to allow the crossing of a pass 2 of a seaway essentially comprises a substantially horizontal, mobile part, in the form of a span 3, which is displaceable in translation, substantially vertically, between a low position for crossing pass 2 and a high position for release of the pass, and of the fixed parts 4, 5, on either side of the span 3 and on which the latter is supported at 7 and 8, by these two ends 9 and 10, in its position 'crossing.
  • the bridge also comprises a structure 12 for supporting the span 3 during the movement of the latter between its two positions for crossing the span and clearing the latter, and means 14 which control the movement of the span, called below means of lifting.
  • the lifting bridge 1 has only one support structure 12 and only one lifting control device 14, which are mounted on one side of the pass to be crossed 2, namely in the example shown the fixed part 5.
  • This fixed support part is, in the examples shown, on one of the banks of the navigation lane, but could also be provided therein.
  • the support structure 12 is fixed and essentially comprises on each lateral side of the span 3 a vertical pylon 16 anchored at its lower end in the fixed part of the bank 5 and which carries at its upper end a beam 17 which extends from the pylon while being inclined upwards to approximately the middle of the span 2 and a beam 18 which extends upwards, at a substantially right angle by relative to the beam 17.
  • the span 3 is suspended mainly during the lifting at the free end of each beam 17, by means of two lifting cables 20, 21 fixed by one end to the span 3 and caused to pass over a pulley 23 mounted on the end of the beam 17, along this beam, on another pulley 24 located at the top of the pylon and, then inside the pylon 16 to a traction device 25 disposed at the foot thereof.
  • This device could be a winch for winding or unwinding the lifting cables 20, 21, or any other suitable traction device, such as a jack.
  • each lifting cable 20, 21 is fixed to the bay 3, at one end of the latter.
  • each beam Since the span is thus suspended from the free ends of the beams 17, the end of each beam is retained by a stay 27 which extends between this end and the free end of the retaining beam 18, of a part, and between these ends and the fixed part 5 of the bridge on which it is fixed at 28 at an appropriate distance from the foot of the pylon 16 in the plane formed by this pylon and the suspension 17 and retaining beams 18.
  • the upper end of each pylon 16 is held in position by a reinforcement leg 30 which extends between the upper end of the pylon and the fixed part in the above-mentioned plane, as seen on Figures 1 to 4 or by two shrouds 32 according to Figure 5.
  • Figure 6 shows yet another version of the device for reinforcing the support structure, which comprises an extension of the suspension beam 17, beyond the pylon 16 , a e beam part 36, the end of which is retained at the fixed part 5 by guy lines 37 and which also serves as an anchoring point for the guy line 27 for retaining the free end of the suspension beam 17.
  • the support structure 12 can consist of frames located on the sides of the span 2, which are independent or connected by any type of connection. In general, any geometry can be applied to this structure.
  • the weight of the span 3 suspended from the support structure 12 can be more or less balanced by counterweights, acting permanently or only during the lifting.
  • This second embodiment is characterized by the fact that the lifting of the span 3 is ensured by the tilting of a flail 42 pivotally mounted at the top of the pylons 16.
  • the pivoting of the flail is done on rotational bearings, pivots, hard grains or any other tilting mechanism.
  • This beam is formed by two levers with two arms 43 connected to each other for example by a cross member 45 at the ends of the front arm 44, to which the span 3 is suspended by suspension cables 46, while at each free end of the rear arm 44 ′, the length of which can be different from that of the front arm, are connected traction cables 48 actuated by a traction device of any suitable nature such as winches or jacks 50.
  • This traction device can be associated with a device for anchoring the beam in the fixed part 5, such as cables or bars or gantries, which blocks the tilting of the beam when the span is in the crossing position of the pass and which does not prevent the action of the traction device during lifting.
  • a counterweight 52 can be interposed between the end of the edge of the lever 44 'and each cable 48.
  • Each two-arm lever 43 has at the point of the support pylon 16 a transverse beam 54, which projects upwards and makes it possible to avoid bending of the lever thanks to the stays 56 and 57 fixed between the end of the beam 54 and the ends of the suspension 44 and traction 44 'arms of the levers 43.
  • each pylon 16 comprises a guide path 59 arcuate accordingly on which the l 'adjacent end of bay 3.
  • a device for horizontal displacement of the flail pivoting mechanism during lifting could avoid the curvature of this guide path.
  • FIG. 10 shows a bridge structure which comprises two separate spans 3, 3 ′ and with independent lifting. Each span is suspended from a beam 42 as described above. The two flails could be mounted on two pairs of pylons 16 or on a device of three pylons, the central pylon indicated at 16 'in Figure 10 would then be common to the two flails.
  • the span 3 is a guyed structure, that is to say carried by a multitude of guy lines 62, both in the service position, that is to say in its crossing position represented in FIGS. 11 and 12 only in lifting according to FIG. 13, which allows a simplification of the structure of the span, in particular a reduction, as is apparent from the figures, since the span no longer needs to be self-supporting . This results in a reduction in the weight of the span.
  • this version of implementation of the span in the form of a guyed span can also be applied to a bridge with two spans, in accordance with FIG. 9.
  • FIG. 16 Another embodiment, very advantageous, is shown in Figure 16.
  • the span is not suspended from the beam 42 by means of the suspension device indicated at 64, at its center of gravity - symbolized by the arrow 65, but at a location offset from the center 65 in the direction of the pylons 16 so that the span, when raised, tends to tilt in the direction of the arrow 66.
  • the magnitude of this offset identified in the figure by the letter "a” is determined depending on the maximum wind effects that can act on the system.
  • the rotation thus caused by the span, when raised, in the direction of the arrow 66 is prevented by pulling the span down on its end on the pylon side 68 by means of a pair of cables 69 which are capable of being each wound on a winch 70 or unwound therefrom.
  • Each winch 70 placed at the foot of the pylon 16 unwinds its cable as the span is lifted to ensure tracking in position and its stability, whatever the wind conditions.
  • the span is thus stabilized in any direction both by its suspension to the beam and by the follower cable device which controls the rotation of the suspension / span assembly under the beam by preventing it from any untimely pendular movement.
  • the movements of unwinding or winding the winches 50 are controlled by the tilting of the beam. It should be noted that the tilting in the direction of arrow 66 could also be caused by a mass which will be added at the level of the far end of the pylons, of the span, as is schematically indicated in 71.
  • This version has the advantage that the suspension of the span can be made in its center of gravity.
  • multiple modifications can be made to the bridge as shown in the figures.
  • the support structures can be designed differently, taking care however that the constituent elements of these structures are preferably stressed in tension or compression.
  • the counterweights could be placed differently, integrated or not into the support structures, for example integrated into the beams.
  • all types of arrangements for the cable stays, and in particular their number can be envisaged. It should be noted that the invention allows the construction of bridges comprising spans of a considerable length, which can reach 100 m or more.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a bridge, particularly for crossing a passage of a navigation channel. The bridge comprises a section in the form of a single span (3), which may be displaced by vertical translation between a base position spanning the passage (2), in which the span (3) rests on fixed support sections of the bridge and a raised position, for opening the passage and a support structure for the span on displacement thereof and means for lifting the span. The bridge is characterised in having only one support structure (12), provided with lifting means (14), arranged to one side (5) of the passage (2) to be spanned. The invention is of use for bridges spanning a river.

Description

« Pont destiné à franchir notamment une passe d'une voie de navigation »"Bridge intended in particular to cross a pass of a shipping lane"
L'invention concerne un pont destiné à franchir notamment une passe d'une voie de navigation et comportant une partie en forme de travée, déplaçable en translation en hauteur entre une position basse de franchissement de la passe, dans laquelle la travée repose sur des parties d'appui fixes du" pont et une position en hauteur de dégagement de la passe, et une structure de support de la travée lors de son déplacement ainsi que des moyens de levage de la travée. Des ponts de ce type, qui sont connus, présentent l'inconvénient majeur d'avoir une structure complexe et encombrante, dans la mesure où ils comportent, sur chaque côté de la passe une structure de support qui nécessite des travaux importants d'implantation notamment quand elle est dans l'eau et qui doit être équipée de moyens de levage qui doivent être alimentés et parfaitement coordonnés, ce qui nécessite une sophistication de leur conception. La présente invention a pour but de proposer un pont qui ne présente pas les inconvénients qui viennent d'être énoncés . Pour atteindre ce but, un pont selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce qu'il ne comporte qu'une seule structure de support, pourvue de moyens de levage, qui est disposée sur un seul côté de la passe à franchir. Selon une caractéristique de 1 ' invention, le pont est caractérisé en ce que les moyens de levage comportent des câbles de traction dont une extrémité est fixée à la travée et dont l'autre extrémité est reliée à un dispositif de traction, en passant sur des poulies qui font partie de la structure de support . Selon une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les deux câbles de levage sont fixés à chaque côté de la travée et passent sur une poulie montée sur la structure de support dans un plan vertical passant par le milieu de la travée. Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la structure de support comporte deux pylônes de support de poutres pourvues chacune à son extrémité libre d'une poulie sur laquelle passent des câbles de levage de la travée. Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les pylônes et les poutres sont pourvus d'éléments de renforcement tels que des poutres ou des haubans. Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, les moyens de levage de la travée comportent un fléau monté pivotant sur une structure de support à une extrémité duquel est suspendue la travée, tandis que des moyens d' actionnement en pivotement sont reliés à l'autre extrémité. Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la travée est réalisée sous forme d'une structure autoporteuse suspendue à l'extrémité du fléau par des câbles de suspension. Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, la travée présente une structure allégée, portée par une multitude de haubans, aussi bien dans sa position basse de franchissement de la passe que dans sa position haute de dégagement de la passe, les haubans étant suspendus à l'extrémité précitée du fléau. Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, un fléau est formé par deux leviers à deux bras qui sont chacun montés pivotant sur un pylône en étant, le cas échéant, reliés par une traverse. Selon encore une autre caractéristique de l'invention, le poids de la travée est au moins partiellement compensé par des contrepoids . L'invention sera mieux comprise, et d'autres buts, caractéristiques, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative qui va suivre faite en référence aux dessins annexés donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple illustrant deux modes de réalisation de l'invention et dans lesquels : - les figures 1 et 2 sont des vues en perspective d'un premier mode de réalisation d'un pont selon l'invention, le pont occupant sa position basse de franchissement de la passe d'une voie de navigation ; - les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues en perspective du mode de réalisation selon les figures 1 et 2 , mais montrent ce pont dans sa position élevée de dégagement de la passe ; - les figures 5 et 6 sont des vues en perspective de deux versions de réalisation différentes du pont selon les figures 1 à 4 ; - les figures 7 et 8 sont des vues en perspective qui illustrent un deuxième mode de réalisation d'un pont selon l'invention dans sa position de franchissement de passe ; - la figure 9 est une vue en perspective du pont selon les figures 7 et 8, mais montre celui-ci dans sa position élevée de dégagement de la passe ; - la figure 10 est une vue en perspective d'un pont à deux travées selon les figures 7 à 9 ; - les figures 11 et 12 sont des vues en perspective d'une autre version du second mode de réalisation d'un pont selon l'invention, illustrant celui-ci dans sa position de franchissement de la passe ; - la figure 13 est une vue en perspective du pont selon les figures 11 et 12, mais illustrent celui-ci dans sa position élevée de dégagement de la passe ; - la figure 14 est une vue en perspective d'une version du second mode de réalisation d'un pont selon l'invention, comportant deux travées mobiles dont l'une est représentée dans sa position de franchissement de la passe et l'autre dans sa position élevée de dégagement de cette dernière ; - la figure 15 est une vue de dessus du pont selon la figure 14, mais dont les deux travées occupent leur position de franchissement de la passe, et la figure 16 est une vue schématique latérale d'encore un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention. Comme l'illustrent les figures, un pont levant 1 selon l'invention, destiné à permettre le franchissement d'une passe 2 d'une voie de navigation maritime comprend essentiellement une partie sensiblement horizontale, mobile, en forme d'une travée 3, qui est déplaçable en translation, sensiblement verticalement, entre une position basse de franchissement de la passe 2 et une position élevée de dégagement de la passe, et des parties fixes 4, 5, de part et d'autre de la travée 3 et sur lesquelles cette dernière prend appui en 7 et 8, par ces deux extrémités 9 et 10, dans sa position' de franchissement. Le pont comprend encore une structure 12 de support de la travée 3 lors du déplacement de celle-ci entre ses deux positions de franchissement de la travée et de dégagement de celle-ci, et des moyens 14 qui commandent le déplacement de la travée, appelée ci-après moyens de levage. Comme on le voit sur les figures, le pont levant 1 selon l'invention ne comporte qu'une seule structure de support 12 et qu'un seul dispositif de commande du levage 14, qui sont montés sur un seul côté de la passe à franchir 2 , à savoir dans l'exemple représenté la partie fixe 5. Cette partie fixe d'appui se trouve, dans les exemples représentés, sur une des berges de la voie de navigation, mais pourrait aussi être prévue dans celle-ci. Selon un premier mode de réalisation représenté sur les figures 1 à 6, la structure de support 12 est fixe et comprend essentiellement à chaque côté latéral de la travée 3 un pylône vertical 16 ancré à son extrémité inférieure dans la partie fixe de berge 5 et qui porte à son extrémité supérieure une poutre 17 qui s'étend à partir du pylône en étant incliné vers le haut jusqu'à sensiblement le milieu de la travée 2 et une poutre 18 qui s'étend vers le haut, selon un angle sensiblement droit par rapport à la poutre 17. La travée 3 est suspendue principalement pendant le levage à l'extrémité libre de chaque poutre 17, par l'intermédiaire de deux câbles de levage 20, 21 fixés par une extrémité à la travée 3 et amenés à passer sur une poulie 23 montée sur l'extrémité de la poutre 17, le long de cette poutre, sur une autre poulie 24 située en haut du pylône et, ensuite à l'intérieur du pylône 16 à un dispositif de traction 25 disposé au pied de celui-ci. Ce dispositif pourrait être un treuil d'enroulement ou de déroulement des câbles de levage 20, 21, ou tout autre dispositif de traction approprié, tel qu'un vérin. Pour assurer la position horizontale de la travée 3, chaque câble de levage 20, 21 est fixé à la travée 3, au niveau d'une extrémité de celle-ci. Etant donné qu'ainsi la travée est suspendue aux extrémités libres des poutres 17, l'extrémité de chaque poutre est retenue par un hauban 27 qui s'étend entre cette extrémité et l'extrémité libre de la poutre de maintien 18, d'une part, et entre ces extrémités et la partie fixe 5 du pont sur lequel il est fixé en 28 à une distance appropriée du pied du pylône 16 dans le plan formé par ce pylône et les poutres de suspension 17 et de retenue 18. Pour renforcer la structure de support de la travée, l'extrémité supérieure de chaque pylône 16 est maintenue en position par une jambe de renforcement 30 qui s'étend entre l'extrémité supérieure du pylône et la partie fixe dans le plan susmentionné, comme on le voit sur les figures 1 à 4 ou par deux haubans 32 selon la figure 5. La figure 6 montre encore une autre version du dispositif de renforcement de la structure de support, qui comporte en prolongement de la poutre de suspension 17, au- delà du pylône 16, une partie de poutre 36 dont l'extrémité est retenue à la partie fixe 5 par des haubans 37 et qui sert aussi d'endroit d'ancrage du hauban 27 de retenue de l'extrémité libre de la poutre de suspension 17. Bien entendu, on pourrait aussi utiliser à la place des haubans 27 et 37 des poutres. On constate que la structure de support 12 peut être constituée de charpentes situées sur les côtés de la travée 2, qui sont indépendantes ou reliées par tout type de liaison. De façon générale, toutes géométries peuvent être appliquées à cette structure. Le poids de la travée 3 suspendue à la structure de support 12 peut être plus ou moins équilibré par des contrepoids, agissant en permanence ou uniquement pendant le levage. Ces contrepoids, comme par exemple ceux indiqués en 39 sont placés dans les câbles de traction et se trouvent ainsi, comme ces câbles à l'intérieur des pylônes. Bien entendu, toute autre solution appropriée des contrepoids et des câbles de traction peut être envisagée. Les contrepoids pourraient notamment être "débrayés" et les câbles peuvent être relâchés lorsque la travée est en position de franchissement de la passe. La' travée 3 peut être une structure autoporteuse, du type treillis, caisson, poutre dite arren ou Bow string ou analogue . Il est encore à noter que la travée, lors de son déplacement, est maintenue à son extrémité correspondante en contact avec les pylônes 16 et ainsi guidée à une seule extrémité . Les figures 7 à 15 illustrent plusieurs versions d'un second mode de réalisation d'un pont selon l'invention. Ce second mode de réalisation est caractérisé par le fait que le levage de la travée 3 est assuré par le basculement d'un fléau 42 monté pivotant en haut des pylônes 16. Le pivotement du fléau se fait sur des paliers de rotation, des pivots, des grains durs ou tout autre mécanisme de basculement . Ce fléau est formé par deux leviers à deux bras 43 reliés l'un à l'autre par exemple par une traverse 45 aux extrémités du bras avant 44, auxquelles est suspendue la travée 3 par des câbles de suspension 46, tandis qu'à chaque extrémité libre du bras arrière 44' dont la longueur peut être différente de celle du bras avant sont reliés des câbles de traction 48 actionné par un dispositif de traction de toute nature appropriée tel que des treuils ou des vérins 50. Ce dispositif de traction peut être associé à un dispositif d'ancrage du fléau dans la partie fixe 5, tel que câbles ou barres ou portiques, qui bloque le basculement du fléau lorsque la travée est en position de franchissement de la passe et qui n'empêche pas l'action du dispositif de traction pendant le levage. Pour au moins partiellement compenser le poids de la travée, un contrepoids 52 peut être interposé entre l'extrémité du bord du levier 44' et chaque câble 48. Chaque levier à deux bras 43 comporte au niveau de la pointe du pylône de support 16 une poutre transversale 54, qui fait saillie vers le haut et permet d'éviter une flexion du levier grâce à des haubans 56 et 57 fixés entre l'extrémité de la poutre 54 et les extrémités des bras de suspension 44 et de traction 44' des leviers 43. Etant donné que lors de son déplacement sous 1 ' effet du basculement du fléau 42, entre ses deux positions de franchissement de la passe 2 et de dégagement de celle-ci, la travée décrit un léger arc de cercle dans le plan vertical, chaque pylône 16 comporte un chemin de guidage 59 arqué en conséquence sur lequel prend appui l'extrémité adjacente de la travée 3. Un dispositif de déplacement horizontal du mécanisme de pivotement du fléau pendant le levage pourrait permettre d'éviter la courbure de ce chemin de guidage. La figure 10 montre une structure de pont qui comporte deux travées 3, 3' séparées et à levage indépendant. Chaque travée est suspendue à un fléau 42 tel que décrit ci avant. Les deux fléaux pourraient être montés sur deux paires de pylônes 16 ou sur un dispositif de trois pylônes dont le pylône central indiqué en 16' sur la figure 10 serait alors commun aux deux fléaux. En se référant aux figures 11 à 15, on décrira ci-après une version particulièrement avantageuse de mise en œuvre du mode de réalisation du pont à levage des travées par basculement d'un fléau. Dans cette version de mise en œuvre, la travée 3 est une structure haubanée, c'est-à-dire portée par une multitude de haubans 62, aussi bien en position de service, c'est-à-dire dans sa position de franchissement représentée sur les figures 11 et 12 qu'en levage selon la figure 13, ce qui permet une simplification de la structure de la travée, notamment un allégement, comme cela ressort des figures, puisque la travée n'a plus besoin d'être autoporteuse. On obtient ainsi une réduction du poids de la travée . Comme l'illustrent la figure 14, cette version de mise en œuvre de la travée sous forme d'une travée haubanée peut aussi être appliquée à un pont à deux travées, conformément à la figure 9. Un autre mode de réalisation, très avantageux, est représenté à la figure 16. Dans ce mode de réalisation la travée n'est pas suspendue au fléau 42 par l'intermédiaire du dispositif de suspension indiqué en 64, en son centre de gravité -symbolisé par la flèche 65, mais à un emplacement décalé du centre 65 en direction des pylônes 16 de façon que la travée, lorsqu'elle est soulevée, a tendance à basculer en direction de la flèche 66. L'amplitude de ce décalage identifié sur la figure par la lettre « a » est déterminée en fonction des effets de vent maximal pouvant agir sur le système . La rotation ainsi provoquée par la travée, lorsqu'elle est soulevée, en direction de la flèche 66 est empêchée en tirant la travée vers le bas sur son extrémité côté pylône 68 au moyen d'un couple de câbles 69 qui sont susceptibles d'être enroulés chacun sur un treuil 70 ou déroulés de celui-ci. Chaque treuil 70 disposé en pied du pylône 16 déroule son câble au fur et à mesure du levage de la travée pour assurer le suivi en position et la stabilité de celle-ci, quelques soient les conditions de vent. Pendant le levage, la travée est ainsi stabilisée en toute direction à la fois par sa suspension au fléau et par le dispositif de câble suiveur qui contrôle la rotation de l'ensemble suspension/travée sous le fléau en lui interdisant tout mouvement pendulaire intempestif. A cette fin les mouvements de déroulement ou d'enroulement des treuils 50 sont asservis au basculement du fléau. Il est à noter que le basculement dans la direction de la flèche 66 pourrait aussi être occasionné par une masse que l'on ajoutera au niveau de l'extrémité éloignée des pylônes, de la travée, comme cela est schématiquement indiqué en 71. Cette version présente l'avantage que la suspension de la travée peut être faite en son centre de gravité. Bien entendu, de multiples modifications peuvent être apportées au pont tel que représenté sur les figures . Ainsi les structures de support peuvent être conçues différemment en prenant cependant soin que les éléments constitutifs de ces structures soient preferablement sollicités en traction ou compression. Les contrepoids pourraient être placés différemment, intégrés ou non aux structures de support, par exemple intégrés aux fléaux. Ainsi également, tous types d'aménagements pour les nappes de haubans, et notamment leur nombre, peuvent être envisagés. Il est à noter que l'invention permet la réalisation de ponts comportant des travées d'une longueur importante, pouvant atteindre 100 m ou plus. The invention relates to a bridge intended in particular to cross a pass of a navigation lane and comprising a portion in the form of a span, movable in translation in height between a low position for crossing the pass, in which the span rests on parts fixed support for the "bridge and a height clearance position for the pass, and a support structure for the span during its movement as well as means for lifting the span. Bridges of this type, which are known, have the major drawback of having a complex and bulky structure, insofar as they comprise, on each side of the pass a support structure which requires significant installation works, especially when it is in the water and which must be equipped with lifting means which must be powered and perfectly coordinated, which requires a sophisticated design. The present invention aims to provide a bridge which does not not suffer the disadvantages which have just been stated. To achieve this object, a bridge according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises only a single support structure, provided with lifting means, which is arranged on one side of the pass to be crossed. According to a characteristic of one invention, the bridge is characterized in that the lifting means comprise traction cables, one end of which is fixed to the span and the other end of which is connected to a traction device, passing over pulleys that are part of the support structure. According to another characteristic of the invention, the two lifting cables are fixed to each side of the span and pass over a pulley mounted on the support structure in a vertical plane passing through the middle of the span. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the support structure comprises two beam support pylons each provided at its free end with a pulley over which the cables for lifting the span pass. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the pylons and the beams are provided with reinforcing elements such as beams or shrouds. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the means for lifting the span comprise a beam mounted to pivot on a support structure at one end of which the span is suspended, while pivoting actuation means are connected to the other end. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the span is produced in the form of a self-supporting structure suspended from the end of the beam by suspension cables. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the span has a lightened structure, carried by a multitude of shrouds, both in its low position for crossing the pass and in its high position for clearing the pass, the shrouds being suspended. at the aforementioned end of the beam. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, a beam is formed by two levers with two arms which are each pivotally mounted on a pylon while being, where appropriate, connected by a cross-member. According to yet another characteristic of the invention, the weight of the span is at least partially offset by counterweights. The invention will be better understood, and other objects, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended drawings given solely by way of example illustrating two modes. of the invention and in which: - Figures 1 and 2 are perspective views of a first embodiment of a bridge according to the invention, the bridge occupying its low position for crossing the pass of a navigation lane; - Figures 3 and 4 are perspective views of the embodiment according to Figures 1 and 2, but show this bridge in its elevated position for clearing the pass; - Figures 5 and 6 are perspective views of two different embodiments of the bridge according to Figures 1 to 4; - Figures 7 and 8 are perspective views which illustrate a second embodiment of a bridge according to the invention in its pass crossing position; - Figure 9 is a perspective view of the bridge according to Figures 7 and 8, but shows it in its elevated position of clearance from the pass; - Figure 10 is a perspective view of a bridge with two spans according to Figures 7 to 9; - Figures 11 and 12 are perspective views of another version of the second embodiment of a bridge according to the invention, illustrating the latter in its position for crossing the pass; - Figure 13 is a perspective view of the bridge according to Figures 11 and 12, but illustrate it in its elevated position of release from the pass; - Figure 14 is a perspective view of a version of the second embodiment of a bridge according to the invention, comprising two movable spans, one of which is shown in its crossing position and the other in its high position of release from the latter; - Figure 15 is a top view of the bridge according to Figure 14, but whose two spans occupy their crossing position of the pass, and Figure 16 is a schematic side view of yet another embodiment of the invention. As illustrated in the figures, a lifting bridge 1 according to the invention, intended to allow the crossing of a pass 2 of a seaway essentially comprises a substantially horizontal, mobile part, in the form of a span 3, which is displaceable in translation, substantially vertically, between a low position for crossing pass 2 and a high position for release of the pass, and of the fixed parts 4, 5, on either side of the span 3 and on which the latter is supported at 7 and 8, by these two ends 9 and 10, in its position 'crossing. The bridge also comprises a structure 12 for supporting the span 3 during the movement of the latter between its two positions for crossing the span and clearing the latter, and means 14 which control the movement of the span, called below means of lifting. As can be seen in the figures, the lifting bridge 1 according to the invention has only one support structure 12 and only one lifting control device 14, which are mounted on one side of the pass to be crossed 2, namely in the example shown the fixed part 5. This fixed support part is, in the examples shown, on one of the banks of the navigation lane, but could also be provided therein. According to a first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 6, the support structure 12 is fixed and essentially comprises on each lateral side of the span 3 a vertical pylon 16 anchored at its lower end in the fixed part of the bank 5 and which carries at its upper end a beam 17 which extends from the pylon while being inclined upwards to approximately the middle of the span 2 and a beam 18 which extends upwards, at a substantially right angle by relative to the beam 17. The span 3 is suspended mainly during the lifting at the free end of each beam 17, by means of two lifting cables 20, 21 fixed by one end to the span 3 and caused to pass over a pulley 23 mounted on the end of the beam 17, along this beam, on another pulley 24 located at the top of the pylon and, then inside the pylon 16 to a traction device 25 disposed at the foot thereof. This device could be a winch for winding or unwinding the lifting cables 20, 21, or any other suitable traction device, such as a jack. To ensure the horizontal position of the bay 3, each lifting cable 20, 21 is fixed to the bay 3, at one end of the latter. Since the span is thus suspended from the free ends of the beams 17, the end of each beam is retained by a stay 27 which extends between this end and the free end of the retaining beam 18, of a part, and between these ends and the fixed part 5 of the bridge on which it is fixed at 28 at an appropriate distance from the foot of the pylon 16 in the plane formed by this pylon and the suspension 17 and retaining beams 18. To reinforce the support structure of the span, the upper end of each pylon 16 is held in position by a reinforcement leg 30 which extends between the upper end of the pylon and the fixed part in the above-mentioned plane, as seen on Figures 1 to 4 or by two shrouds 32 according to Figure 5. Figure 6 shows yet another version of the device for reinforcing the support structure, which comprises an extension of the suspension beam 17, beyond the pylon 16 , a e beam part 36, the end of which is retained at the fixed part 5 by guy lines 37 and which also serves as an anchoring point for the guy line 27 for retaining the free end of the suspension beam 17. Of course, one could also use instead of guys 27 and 37 beams. It is noted that the support structure 12 can consist of frames located on the sides of the span 2, which are independent or connected by any type of connection. In general, any geometry can be applied to this structure. The weight of the span 3 suspended from the support structure 12 can be more or less balanced by counterweights, acting permanently or only during the lifting. These counterweights, such as those indicated at 39 are placed in the traction cables and are thus, like these cables inside the pylons. Of course, any other suitable solution of the counterweights and of the traction cables can be envisaged. The counterweights could in particular be "disengaged" and the cables can be released when the span is in the crossing position of the pass. The 'span 3 can be a self-supporting structure, of the trellis, box, beam type known as arren or Bow string or the like. It should also be noted that the span, during its movement, is maintained at its corresponding end in contact with the pylons 16 and thus guided at only one end. Figures 7 to 15 illustrate several versions of a second embodiment of a bridge according to the invention. This second embodiment is characterized by the fact that the lifting of the span 3 is ensured by the tilting of a flail 42 pivotally mounted at the top of the pylons 16. The pivoting of the flail is done on rotational bearings, pivots, hard grains or any other tilting mechanism. This beam is formed by two levers with two arms 43 connected to each other for example by a cross member 45 at the ends of the front arm 44, to which the span 3 is suspended by suspension cables 46, while at each free end of the rear arm 44 ′, the length of which can be different from that of the front arm, are connected traction cables 48 actuated by a traction device of any suitable nature such as winches or jacks 50. This traction device can be associated with a device for anchoring the beam in the fixed part 5, such as cables or bars or gantries, which blocks the tilting of the beam when the span is in the crossing position of the pass and which does not prevent the action of the traction device during lifting. To at least partially compensate for the weight of the span, a counterweight 52 can be interposed between the end of the edge of the lever 44 'and each cable 48. Each two-arm lever 43 has at the point of the support pylon 16 a transverse beam 54, which projects upwards and makes it possible to avoid bending of the lever thanks to the stays 56 and 57 fixed between the end of the beam 54 and the ends of the suspension 44 and traction 44 'arms of the levers 43. Given that during its movement under the effect of the tilting of the beam 42, between its two positions for crossing the pass 2 and for clearing the latter, the span describes a slight arc of circle in the vertical plane, each pylon 16 comprises a guide path 59 arcuate accordingly on which the l 'adjacent end of bay 3. A device for horizontal displacement of the flail pivoting mechanism during lifting could avoid the curvature of this guide path. FIG. 10 shows a bridge structure which comprises two separate spans 3, 3 ′ and with independent lifting. Each span is suspended from a beam 42 as described above. The two flails could be mounted on two pairs of pylons 16 or on a device of three pylons, the central pylon indicated at 16 'in Figure 10 would then be common to the two flails. Referring to Figures 11 to 15, there will be described below a particularly advantageous version of implementation of the embodiment of the span lifting bridge by tilting a beam. In this implementation version, the span 3 is a guyed structure, that is to say carried by a multitude of guy lines 62, both in the service position, that is to say in its crossing position represented in FIGS. 11 and 12 only in lifting according to FIG. 13, which allows a simplification of the structure of the span, in particular a reduction, as is apparent from the figures, since the span no longer needs to be self-supporting . This results in a reduction in the weight of the span. As illustrated in FIG. 14, this version of implementation of the span in the form of a guyed span can also be applied to a bridge with two spans, in accordance with FIG. 9. Another embodiment, very advantageous, is shown in Figure 16. In this embodiment the span is not suspended from the beam 42 by means of the suspension device indicated at 64, at its center of gravity - symbolized by the arrow 65, but at a location offset from the center 65 in the direction of the pylons 16 so that the span, when raised, tends to tilt in the direction of the arrow 66. The magnitude of this offset identified in the figure by the letter "a" is determined depending on the maximum wind effects that can act on the system. The rotation thus caused by the span, when raised, in the direction of the arrow 66 is prevented by pulling the span down on its end on the pylon side 68 by means of a pair of cables 69 which are capable of being each wound on a winch 70 or unwound therefrom. Each winch 70 placed at the foot of the pylon 16 unwinds its cable as the span is lifted to ensure tracking in position and its stability, whatever the wind conditions. During lifting, the span is thus stabilized in any direction both by its suspension to the beam and by the follower cable device which controls the rotation of the suspension / span assembly under the beam by preventing it from any untimely pendular movement. To this end, the movements of unwinding or winding the winches 50 are controlled by the tilting of the beam. It should be noted that the tilting in the direction of arrow 66 could also be caused by a mass which will be added at the level of the far end of the pylons, of the span, as is schematically indicated in 71. This version has the advantage that the suspension of the span can be made in its center of gravity. Of course, multiple modifications can be made to the bridge as shown in the figures. Thus the support structures can be designed differently, taking care however that the constituent elements of these structures are preferably stressed in tension or compression. The counterweights could be placed differently, integrated or not into the support structures, for example integrated into the beams. Thus also, all types of arrangements for the cable stays, and in particular their number, can be envisaged. It should be noted that the invention allows the construction of bridges comprising spans of a considerable length, which can reach 100 m or more.

Claims

REVENDI CATIONS REVENDI CATIONS
1. Pont destiné à franchir notamment une passe d'une voie de navigation et comportant une partie en forme de travée, déplaçable en translation en hauteur entre une position basse de franchissement de la passe, dans laquelle la travée repose sur des parties d'appui fixes du pont, et une position en hauteur de dégagement de la passe, et une structure de support de la travée lors de son déplacement ainsi que des moyens de levage de la travée, le pont comportant une seule structure de support (12) , qui est disposée sur un seul côté (5) de la passe (2) à franchir, caractérisé en ce qu'il est pourvu de moyens de levage (14) par traction. 1. Bridge intended in particular to cross a pass of a shipping lane and comprising a portion in the form of a span, movable in translation in height between a low position for crossing the pass, in which the span rests on support parts fixed of the bridge, and a height clearance position of the pass, and a support structure of the span during its movement as well as means for lifting the span, the bridge comprising a single support structure (12), which is arranged on one side (5) of the pass (2) to be crossed, characterized in that it is provided with lifting means (14) by traction.
2. Pont selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de levage comportent des câbles de traction (20, 21) dont une extrémité est fixée à la travée (3) et dont l'autre extrémité est reliée à un dispositif de traction (25), en passant sur des poulies (23, 24) qui font partie de la structure de support (12) . 2. Bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting means comprise traction cables (20, 21), one end of which is fixed to the span (3) and the other end of which is connected to a traction device (25), passing over pulleys (23, 24) which are part of the support structure (12).
3. Pont selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que deux câbles de levage (20, 21) sont fixés à chaque côté de la travée (3) et passent sur une poulie (23) montée sur la structure de support (12) dans un plan vertical passant par le milieu de la travée (3) . 3. Bridge according to claim 2, characterized in that two lifting cables (20, 21) are fixed to each side of the span (3) and pass over a pulley (23) mounted on the support structure (12) in a vertical plane passing through the middle of the span (3).
4. Pont selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que la structure de support (12) comporte deux pylônes (16) de support de poutres (17) pourvues chacune à son extrémité libre d'une poulie (23) sur laquelle passent des câbles de levage (20, 21) de la travée. 4. Bridge according to claim 3, characterized in that the support structure (12) comprises two pylons (16) for supporting beams (17) each provided at its free end with a pulley (23) over which cables pass lifting (20, 21) of the span.
5. Pont selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les pylônes (16) et les poutres (27) sont pourvus d'éléments de renforcement tels que des poutres (30) ou des haubans (27, 37) . 5. Bridge according to claim 4, characterized in that the pylons (16) and the beams (27) are provided with reinforcing elements such as beams (30) or shrouds (27, 37).
6. Pont selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de levage de la travée (3) comportent un fléau (42) monté pivotant sur une structure de support (16) à une extrémité duquel est suspendue la travée (3) , tandis que des moyens d' actionnement en pivotement (50) sont reliés à l'autre extrémité. 6. Bridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the lifting means of the span (3) comprise a beam (42) pivotally mounted on a support structure (16) at one end from which the span (3) is suspended, while pivoting actuation means (50) are connected to the other end.
7. Pont selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la travée (3) est réalisée sous forme d'une structure autoporteuse suspendue à l'extrémité du fléau (42) par des câbles de suspension (46) . 7. Bridge according to claim 6, characterized in that the span (3) is produced in the form of a self-supporting structure suspended at the end of the beam (42) by suspension cables (46).
8. Pont selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que la travée (3) présente une structure allégée, portée par une multitude de haubans, aussi bien dans sa position basse de franchissement de la passe (2) que dans sa position haute de dégagement de la passe, les haubans étant suspendus à l'extrémité précitée du fléau. 8. Bridge according to claim 6, characterized in that the span (3) has a lightened structure, carried by a multitude of shrouds, both in its low position for crossing the pass (2) and in its high release position from the pass, the shrouds being suspended from the aforementioned end of the beam.
9. Pont selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'un fléau (42) est formé par deux leviers (43) à deux bras (44, 44') qui sont chacun montés pivotant sur un pylône (16) en étant, le cas échéant, reliés par une traverse (45) . 9. Bridge according to one of claims 6 to 8, characterized in that a beam (42) is formed by two levers (43) with two arms (44, 44 ') which are each pivotally mounted on a pylon (16 ) being, if necessary, connected by a crosspiece (45).
10. Pont selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que le poids de la travée est au moins partiellement compensé par des contrepoids (39, 52). 10. Bridge according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the weight of the span is at least partially offset by counterweights (39, 52).
11. Pont selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte des moyens de stabilisation de la travée au cours de son levage . 11. Bridge according to one of claims 6 to 10, characterized in that it comprises means for stabilizing the span during its lifting.
12. Pont selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de stabilisation comportent un chemin de guidage (59) de l'extrémité côté pylône de la travée (3) lors de son levage. 12. Bridge according to claim 11, characterized in that the stabilization means comprise a guide path (59) of the end of the pylon side of the span (3) during its lifting.
13. Pont selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce que la travée est pourvue des moyens adaptés pour faire basculer la travée de façon que l'extrémité de celle-ci, qui est éloignée des pylônes (68) est amenée à se déplacer vers les bas, et des câbles (69) qui sont fixés à l'extrémité côté pylône (68) de la travée et sont susceptibles d'être enroulés chacun sur un treuil (70) ou déroulés de celui-ci pour empêcher ledit basculement de la travée. 13. Bridge according to claim 11, characterized in that the span is provided with means suitable for tilting the span so that the end of the latter, which is distant from the pylons (68) is caused to move towards the bottom, and cables (69) which are fixed to the pylon side end (68) of the span and are capable of being each wound up on a winch (70) or unwound therefrom to prevent said tilting of the span .
14. Pont selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que les mouvements de déroulement et d'enroulement des treuils (70) sont asservis au basculement du fléau (42) . 14. Bridge according to claim 13, characterized in that the movements of unwinding and winding of the winches (70) are controlled by the tilting of the beam (42).
15. Pont selon l'une des revendications 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de basculement précités sont formés par un décalage du point d'attaque à la travée (3) du dispositif de suspension sous le fléau (42) , d'une distance prédéterminée (a) en direction des pylônes (16) . 16 : Pont selon l'une des revendications 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que les moyens de basculement du fléau précité sont formés par une masse supplémentaire (71) ajoutée à l'extrémité de la travée (3), qui est éloignée des pylônes. 15. Bridge according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the aforementioned tilting means are formed by an offset from the point of attack to the span (3) of the suspension device under the beam (42), d 'a predetermined distance (a) towards the pylons (16). 16: Bridge according to one of claims 13 or 14, characterized in that the means for tilting the above-mentioned beam are formed by an additional mass (71) added to the end of the span (3), which is remote from the pylons .
EP04787279.1A 2003-09-22 2004-09-01 Bridge particularly for crossing a passage of a navigation channel Not-in-force EP1668186B1 (en)

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FR0311099A FR2860013B1 (en) 2003-09-22 2003-09-22 BRIDGE INTENDED TO EXCEED A PASSWORD OF A NAVIGATION ROAD
PCT/FR2004/002223 WO2005033411A1 (en) 2003-09-22 2004-09-01 Bridge particularly for crossing a passage of a navigation channel

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Publication number Publication date
CN1856625A (en) 2006-11-01
US7557510B2 (en) 2009-07-07
EP1668186B1 (en) 2014-04-09
KR20070030728A (en) 2007-03-16
CA2539347A1 (en) 2005-04-14
US20080022468A1 (en) 2008-01-31
FR2860013B1 (en) 2007-12-28
FR2860013A1 (en) 2005-03-25
WO2005033411A1 (en) 2005-04-14
KR101144856B1 (en) 2012-05-15
CN1856625B (en) 2013-10-23
AU2004278524A1 (en) 2005-04-14
CA2539347C (en) 2012-05-29

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