EP1664663A1 - Hunting bullet with reduced aerodynamic resistance - Google Patents

Hunting bullet with reduced aerodynamic resistance

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Publication number
EP1664663A1
EP1664663A1 EP04787338A EP04787338A EP1664663A1 EP 1664663 A1 EP1664663 A1 EP 1664663A1 EP 04787338 A EP04787338 A EP 04787338A EP 04787338 A EP04787338 A EP 04787338A EP 1664663 A1 EP1664663 A1 EP 1664663A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
bullet
nose
ball according
conical
ogival
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04787338A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1664663B1 (en
Inventor
Jean-Claude Sauvestre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
THIFAN INDUSTRIE
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to SI200431060T priority Critical patent/SI1664663T1/en
Priority to PL04787338T priority patent/PL1664663T3/en
Publication of EP1664663A1 publication Critical patent/EP1664663A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1664663B1 publication Critical patent/EP1664663B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to ammunition for small arms, medium and large caliber, and more particularly a new bullet, especially for hunting weapons, with reduced aerodynamic drag and providing improved terminal efficiency, particularly on soft target.
  • the most conventional ammunition for hunting weapons is usually leaded bullets with lead alloy cores, the front of which has a flattened or rounded head. According to a variant, some balls have a central channel in the warhead.
  • US Pat. No. 3,881,421 describes a bullet whose head is hollowed out to cause it to flatten upon impact on the target.
  • These ammunition generally have the disadvantage of a high loss of speed on the trajectory and a significant mass loss at impact on the target due to a dislocation of the bullet.
  • Balls of the same type are also known, comprising, on the front end of the warhead, a piece of plastic or other material intended to improve the aerodynamics of the ball and the accuracy of the shot, as in patent CH 625043
  • these bullets fragment and expand weakly on impact on the target, which affects their terminal efficiency.
  • the application WO 0045120 describes a bullet comprising a metal core with an enlarged base, supporting an envelope with open ogival head protruding from the central core.
  • US Pat. No. 5,259,320 shows an example of a lead-free monometallic bullet, comprising a central channel situated in the warhead, which has rupture primers intended to control the expansion of the head of the warhead and its winding in petals, during the impact on the target.
  • the balls of this type are very precise and make it possible to regulate the expansion and to preserve the mass of the ball during the impact on the target.
  • the diameter of the nose of the warhead is between 40 and 50% of the maximum diameter of the bullet, which gives it a significant aerodynamic drag.
  • These bullets are therefore mainly intended for so-called "beat" firing, at short and medium distances, less than 150 m for rifles, and of the order of 50 to 60 m for shotguns. Beyond these distances, and mainly with low initial velocity bullets, the impact velocity on the target is too low to cause a radial expansion of the bullet body which is necessary for satisfactory efficiency.
  • the present invention precisely aims to optimize the ballistics of a lead-free metal ball of the above type to obtain the lowest possible aerodynamic drag on trajectory while maintaining excellent terminal efficiency on the target by avoiding losses of mass of the metal body of the ball, at great distances, which can be of the order of 300 m.
  • the subject of the present invention is therefore a small, medium or large caliber weapon bullet, at the caliber of the weapon or under-calibrated, of the type comprising an internal arrow of rigidity greater than or equal to that of the body of the bullet, arranged in a hole drilled in the bullet body along its axis, which is distinguished in that the internal arrow is recessed relative to the orifice of the hole, the latter, located on the axis, is of a diameter less than that of the internal arrow, and the wall of the ogival head of the bullet body has one or more deformation primers near the orifice of the hole.
  • the deformation primers of the ogival head are made by a throat of the ogival head, separating the ogival nose from the rear part of the ogive.
  • the bullet of the invention has in its front part a conical or cylindro-conical cavity, delimited on its large base by the front face of the internal arrow, and opening on the ogival nose of the bullet by a small orifice, preferably circular, located in the axis.
  • the warhead forming the head of the bullet is very profiled, so as to provide as little aerodynamic drag as possible, and for this purpose, the orifice of the hole enclosing the internal arrow has a diameter smaller than that of the internal arrow, the di / d ratio of the diameter di of the orifice to the diameter d of the internal arrow being between 0.1: 1 and 0.9: 1.
  • the nose of the ogive comprises a flat whose outer diameter d 2 is such that the ratio d 2 / d is between 0.3: 1 and 1.5: 1.
  • the ratio d 2 / d is between 0.6: 1 and 1: 1, while the diameter d x of the orifice is such that the ratio di / d is included between about 0.3: 1 and 0.6: 1.
  • the deformation primers made in the wall of the ogival head are intended to facilitate the deformation and opening of the nose of the warhead at impact on the target, to cause a deformation by "mushrooming". These deformation primers contribute to the stepped ogival shape of the front part of the bullet.
  • This ogival shape has an ogival nose surrounding the orifice communicating with the conical or cylindro-conical cavity, and a rear portion, which cooperate to minimize and reduce to the utmost any discontinuity of the flow of air in flight which could cause detachment of Mach wave detrimental to aerodynamic drag.
  • these deformation primers can be preferably made in the form of a constriction in the outer wall of the warhead, separating the ogival nose, open on the front, of the rear part of the warhead. , so that the section of the base of the ogival nose is slightly greater than that of the front of the rear part of the ogive.
  • This throttling is preferably located at the base of the conical or cylindro-conical internal cavity formed in front of the internal arrow, or slightly in front of this base, and more preferably at the junction line of the conical surfaces and cylindrical when the internal cavity is cylindro-conical.
  • the constriction made in the wall of the warhead to form the primer deformation is materialized by a recess between the base of the ogival nose and the front end of the rear part of the warhead, and the radial height of this recess , for medium-sized bales, is generally between 0.05 and 1 mm, and preferably between 0.1 and 0.5 mm.
  • the internal cavity has a cylindro-conical shape, where the cylinder and the cone are coaxial, joined by the large base of the cone, the latter being disposed in front of the cylinder.
  • the internal cavity has a bitconical shape, the two cones being joined by their large base, the small base of the rear truncated cone being closed by the internal arrow.
  • the front of the internal arrow slightly protrudes into the internal cavity formed in the ogival nose, that is to say that the frustoconical or cylindrical wall of the base of the internal cavity comes into contact with the outer surface of the arrow slightly behind the front end thereof.
  • This has the effect of forming an annular volume that can serve as a primer for expansion of the ball head during impact on the target.
  • the internal arrow inserted into the body of the metal bullet can be made of one or more elements. When constituted by a single cylindrical element, it preferably has a plurality of longitudinal or transverse ribs which improve the bond with the bullet body.
  • the hole drilled in the bullet body, into which the internal arrow is inserted may be through or blind, and preferably blind.
  • the ball according to the present invention has the advantage of substantially reducing the aerodynamic drag on the trajectory, while ensuring the control of the deformation of the body of the bullet during the impact on the target, even at great distance.
  • the aerodynamic drag coefficient is reduced. of about half for projectile speeds of the order of Mach 2. More particularly, the low aerodynamic trajectory drag allows the bullet of the invention to maintain a high speed until the impact on a distant target of more 300 m.
  • the ball then deforms in a controlled manner by wrapping around its axis, impacting the soft parts of the target, and ensures the effective destruction of the hard parts of said target, even at great distances, which may be greater than 300 m in the case of caliber bullets.
  • This result can be achieved, according to the invention, with a lead-free metal bullet, although the density of materials generally used as lead substitutes is about 20% lower than that of the latter, and the volume of the ball is substantially identical because of the standards imposed in this technical field.
  • the highest possible ball mass is necessary, for a given caliber and a determined aerodynamic drag coefficient, to obtain sufficient energy on impact.
  • the bullet of the invention is preferably a lead-free metal bullet.
  • the body of the ball may be metal or metal alloy selected from copper and copper alloys, and preferably a brass containing 5 to 40% zinc.
  • the arrow or metal insert in the axis of the ball may be made of metal or metal alloy selected from steel, copper and alloys of aluminum or copper, for example a brass.
  • the ball of the invention can be manufactured by conventional techniques, for example by first forming a ball provided with an axial cylindrical hole opening on the front, by introducing the internal arrow, and then forming the ogival nose by cold mechanical forming.
  • Figure 1 a schematic view of a gyrostabilized ball, with a caliber of the weapon, according to the invention.
  • Figure 2 a partial sectional view of the front part of the bullet ogive of Figure 1, showing the beginning of the deformation during the impact on the target.
  • Figure 3 a partial sectional view of the front part of the ogive, at the beginning of the penetration into the target after impact.
  • FIG. 4 a schematic half-view in partial section of an alternative embodiment of the invention, representing a sub-calibrated bullet.
  • FIG. 5 is a partial half-sectional view of a variant of the internal cavity of the bullet head of FIG. 1.
  • FIG. 6 an external half-view of the bullet of FIG. 1 having a crimping groove at the junction of the warhead and the central part of the bullet.
  • Figure 7 a front view of the nose of the warhead having rupture primers of the wall.
  • the bullet with the caliber of the weapon is of the metal monoblock type and comprises at its rear part a narrowing of the base (1), at its central part a body (2), and at its front part a ogive shelf (3).
  • An inner deflected boom (4) the surface of which carries longitudinal ribs (5), is placed in a hole drilled in the axis of the bullet body and passing through the warhead (3).
  • the ball carrying the internal arrow (4) is inserted into a case provided with a primer and a load, of conventional type, not shown.
  • the ogival head (3) of the bullet is very profiled to reduce as much as possible the aerodynamic drag, and the diameters di of the orifice (8) and d 2 of the flat (6) of the nose (7) which surrounds it are as small as possible.
  • the diameter d 2 of the flat is slightly smaller than the diameter d of the internal arrow (4), the ratio d 2 : d being close to 0.8: 1, while the diameter
  • the diameter of the orifice is such that the ratio d: d is equal to about 0.5.
  • the internal cylindro-conical cavity (9) thus delimited, opens on the nose (7) of the ogive (3) through the orifice (8) of circular shape.
  • the theoretical profile of the nose (7) and the rear part (10) of the ogive (3) meet in a line of tangency located at a distance (1) of about 1/2 of the height of the rear portion ( 10) of the warhead from the connection thereof with the central portion (2) of the ball.
  • the large base of the nose of the stepped ogive (3) has a diameter d 4 slightly greater than the front diameter d3 of the rear part of the warhead.
  • This arrangement in relation to the shape of the internal cavity (9) causes a thinning of the wall of the ogival head, thereby generating a line of mechanical weakness (11).
  • This line of weakness (11) makes it possible to control the deformation of the ogival head (3) during the impact on the target.
  • Figure 2 shows the beginning of the deformation of the stepped warhead (3) during the impact on the target.
  • the force (F) is exerted on the base of the flat (6) of the nose (7) of the staggered warhead (3) of the bullet.
  • the nose (7) crushes gradually causing a radial expansion of the wall of the nose, the point of articulation is located in line with the line of mechanical weakness (11).
  • This movement leads to deformation by radial expansion of the front of the portion (10) of the warhead (3), causing the formation of a conical inlet (12) which then generates the "mushrooming" of the ball.
  • the soft parts of the target are engaged in the cavity (9) and in the conical inlet (12), and they thus create a significant radial pressure Pi on the internal walls of the cavity (9). This pressure, combined with the line of mechanical weakness (11), contributes to the initiation of the process of "mushrooming" or expansion of the ball.
  • Figure 3 shows the evolution of the "mushrooming" process of the ball.
  • the conical inlet (12) continues to open, while the ogival head (3) of the ball wraps around the axis of the bullet, revealing the front tip of the internal shaft (4) whose rigidity is greater than the body of the ball.
  • the wall of the ogival head of the ball is completely inverted and the body of the ball then has a mushroom shape without loss of material, while the internal arrow can be possibly detached.
  • the diameter of the bullet body thus deformed is approximately three times the original diameter.
  • the stepped ogive (16) comprises a nose (17) whose larger base has a diameter (identical to the diameter d 4 of Figure 1) than the diameter of the front of the rear part ( 18) of the warhead (16) (identical to the dimeter d 3 of Figure 1).
  • the internal cavity (19) is substantially identical to the internal cavity (9) of the ball of Figure 1, and functions in the same way to the impact on the target.
  • This under-calibrated bullet can be used in a shotgun with a smooth or weakly scratched gun for firing distances generally not exceeding 100 meters.
  • This ball is stabilized on trajectory by the empenne (14).
  • An alternative embodiment of the ogival nose of the bullet is shown in Figure 5.
  • the internal cavity (9) is constituted by two conical frustums joined by their large base, so that the frustoconical surface (20) of the rear portion and the frustoconical surface (21) of the front portion are contiguous along a line located in the immediate vicinity of the throat at the base of the ogival nose.
  • the distance 1 between the plane of the orifice (8) and the junction line (22) between the two frustoconical surfaces (20) and (21) is equal to approximately 1.5 times the distance 1 2 separating the same line from the plane of the line of junction between the frustoconical surface (20) and the surface of the internal arrow (4).
  • the frustoconical surface (20) joins the outer surface of the inner shaft (4) slightly behind the front end thereof.
  • the junction (22) between the two frustoconical surfaces (20) and (21) is made in a rounded surface, or the frustoconical surface (20) is replaced by a spherical ring surface that is connected without rupture.
  • FIG. 6 represents, in an external half-view, a variant of the bale of FIG. 1, comprising a crimping groove (23) located on the theoretical connection (24) of the rear part (10) of the ogival head with the body (2) of the ball.
  • This rear portion (10) of the ogive has a convex profile.
  • the crimping groove (23) is here of rectangular section. It is intended to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of the ball in the cartridge.
  • the body (2) of the ball may include decompression grooves.
  • the orifice (8) may have rupture primers (25) which facilitate the partial opening of the ogival nose (7), thus accelerating the deformation of the head of the bullet at impact. on the target.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Oxide Ceramics (AREA)
  • Toys (AREA)
  • Vibration Dampers (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)
  • Non-Reversible Transmitting Devices (AREA)
  • Milling Processes (AREA)
  • Transducers For Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)
  • Golf Clubs (AREA)

Abstract

A bullet (2), of a type containing an inner sub-projectile or arrow (4) with a rigidity equal to or greater than the body located in an axial bore, has the arrow positioned to the rear of an orifice (8) in the bullet's tapered nose (7), which has one or more shearing lines (11) that cause the nose to split and expand after impact. The forward end of the bore is in the form of a cavity (9) of conical or cylindro-conical shape, with its large end bounded by the tip of the internal arrow.

Description

BALLE DE CHASSE A TRAINEE AERODYNAMIQUE REDUITE HUNTING BALL WITH REDUCED AERODYNAMIC TRAINING
La présente invention concerne les munitions pour armes de petit, moyen et gros calibre, et plus particulièrement une nouvelle balle, notamment pour armes de chasse, présentant une traînée aérodynamique réduite et procurant une efficacité terminale améliorée, en particulier sur cible molle. Les munitions pour armes de chasse les plus classiques sont généralement des balles chemisées à noyau en alliage de plomb, dont la partie avant comporte une ogive à tête aplatie ou arrondie. Suivant une variante, certaines balles présentent un canal central dans l'ogive. Ainsi, le brevet US 3.881.421 décrit une balle dont la tête est évidée pour provoquer son aplatissement lors de l'impact sur la cible. Ces munitions présentent généralement l'inconvénient d'une perte de vitesse élevée sur trajectoire et d'une importante perte de masse à l'impact sur la cible en raison d'une dislocation de la balle. On connaît aussi des balles du même type, comportant, sur l'extrémité avant de l'ogive, une pièce en matière plastique ou autres matériaux destinée à améliorer 1 ' aérodynamisme de la balle et la précision du tir, comme dans le brevet CH 625043. Cependant, ces balles se fragmentent et s'expansent faiblement à l'impact sur la cible, ce qui nuit à leur efficacité terminale . La demande WO 0045120 décrit une balle comportant un noyau métallique à base élargie, supportant une enveloppe à tête ogivale ouverte proéminente par rapport au noyau central. Le brevet US 5.259.320 montre un exemple de balle monométallique sans plomb, comportant un canal central situé dans l'ogive, qui présente des amorces de rupture destinées à contrôler l'expansion de la tête de l'ogive et son enroulement en pétales, lors de l'impact sur la cible. Cette technique présente l'inconvénient d'une expansion aléatoire, et d'un risque de fragmentation des pétales formés. De plus, le mode de fabrication de ce type de balle par matriçage à froid entraîne des balourds dynamiques qui se traduisent par une dispersion des tirs. La technique des munitions à balle flèche est aujourd'hui bien connue. Ces munitions comportent un sous-projectile (flèche) stabilisé par empennage, associé à un sabot (ou lanceur) au calibre de l'arme, et sont décrites par exemple dans le brevet FR-A-2.555.728. Un perfectionnement apporté à cette technique est décrit dans le brevet FR-A-2.795.170 relatif à une balle monométallique au calibre de l'arme ou sous-calibrée, comprenant une flèche interne de rigidité supérieure à celle du corps de la balle, disposée suivant son axe. Les balles de ce type sont très précises et permettent de réguler 1 ' expansion et de conserver la masse de la balle lors de l'impact sur la cible. Suivant cette technique, le diamètre du nez de l'ogive représente entre 40 et 50% environ du diamètre maximal de la balle, ce qui lui confère une importante traînée aérodynamique. Ces balles sont donc principalement destinées aux tirs dits "de battue", à courte et moyenne distances, inférieures à 150 m pour les carabines, et de l'ordre de 50 à 60 m pour les fusils de chasse. Au-delà de ces distances, et principalement avec des balles à vitesse initiale faible, la vitesse à l'impact sur la cible est trop faible pour engendrer une expansion radiale du corps de la balle qui est nécessaire à une efficacité satisfaisante. Pour des tirs dits "d'approche" ou "d'affût", il est indispensable de diminuer la traînée aérodynamique de la balle sur trajectoire, sans diminuer pour autant son efficacité terminale . La présente invention a précisément pour but d'optimiser la balistique d'une balle métallique sans plomb du type ci- dessus pour obtenir une traînée aérodynamique la plus faible possible sur trajectoire tout en conservant une excellente efficacité terminale sur la cible en évitant les pertes de masse du corps métallique de la balle, à des distances importantes, qui peuvent être de l'ordre de 300 m. La présente invention a donc pour objet une balle pour arme de petit, moyen ou gros calibre, au calibre de l'arme ou sous-calibrée, du type comprenant une flèche interne de rigidité supérieure ou égale à celle du corps de la balle, disposée dans un trou foré dans le corps de balle suivant son axe, qui se distingue en ce que la flèche interne est en retrait par rapport à l'orifice du trou, ce dernier, situé sur l'axe, est d'un diamètre inférieur à celui de la flèche interne, et la paroi de la tête ogivale du corps de balle comporte une ou plusieurs amorces de déformation à proximité de l'orifice du trou. Suivant une forme préférentielle de réalisation, les amorces de déformation de la tête ogivale sont réalisées par un étranglement de la tête ogivale, séparant le nez ogival de la partie arrière de l'ogive. Ainsi, la balle de l'invention présente dans sa partie avant une cavité de forme conique ou cylindro-conique, délimitée sur sa grande base par la face avant de la flèche interne, et s 'ouvrant sur le nez ogival de la balle par un petit orifice, de préférence circulaire, situé dans l'axe. L'ogive formant la tête de la balle est très profilée, de manière à procurer une traînée aérodynamique aussi faible que possible, et à cet effet, l'orifice du trou renfermant la flèche interne présente un diamètre inférieur à celui de la flèche interne, le rapport di/d du diamètre di de l'orifice au diamètre d de la flèche interne étant compris entre 0,1:1 et 0,9:1. Suivant une forme avantageuse de réalisation de l'invention, le nez de l'ogive comporte un méplat dont le diamètre extérieur d2 est tel que le rapport d2/d est compris entre 0,3:1 et 1,5:1. Suivant une forme préférentielle de réalisation de l'invention, le rapport d2/d est compris entre 0,6:1 et 1:1, tandis que le diamètre dx de l'orifice est tel que le rapport di/d est compris entre environ 0,3:1 et 0,6:1. Les amorces de déformation pratiquées dans la paroi de la tête ogivale sont destinées à faciliter la déformation et l'ouverture du nez de l'ogive à l'impact sur la cible, afin d'entraîner une déformation par " champignonnage " . Ces amorces de déformation contribuent à la forme ogivale étagée de la partie avant de la balle. Cette forme ogivale comporte un nez ogival entourant l'orifice communiquant avec la cavité conique ou cylindro-conique, et une partie arrière, qui coopèrent pour minimiser et réduire à l'extrême toute discontinuité de l'écoulement de l'air en vol qui pourrait entraîner des détachements d'onde de Mach préjudiciables à la traînée aérodynamique . Comme indiqué ci-dessus, ces amorces de déformation peuvent être réalisées de préférence sous la forme d'un étranglement dans la paroi externe de l'ogive, séparant le nez ogival, ouvert sur l'avant, de la partie arrière de l'ogive, de telle sorte que la section de la base du nez ogival soit légèrement supérieure à celle de l'avant de la partie arrière de l'ogive. Cet étranglement est situé de préférence au niveau de la base de la cavité interne conique ou cylindro-conique formée en avant de la flèche interne, ou légèrement en avant de cette base, et plus préférentiellement au niveau de la ligne de jonction des surfaces conique et cylindrique lorsque la cavité interne est de forme cylindro-conique. L'étranglement pratiqué dans la paroi de l'ogive pour former l'amorce de déformation se matérialise par un décrochement entre la base du nez ogival et l'extrémité avant de la partie arrière de l'ogive, et la hauteur radiale de ce décrochement, pour des balles de calibre moyen, est généralement comprise entre 0,05 et 1 mm, et de préférence entre 0,1 et 0 , 5 mm . Le profil théorique du nez ogival et de la partie arrière de l'ogive se rejoignent suivant une ligne de tangence située à une distance comprise entre 1/5 et 4/5 environ, de préférence entre 1/3 et 2/3 environ, de la hauteur de la partie arrière de l'ogive. De préférence, la partie arrière de l'ogive présente un profil convexe. Suivant une forme avantageuse de réalisation de 1 ' invention, la cavité interne possède une forme cylindro-conique, où le cylindre et le cône sont coaxiaux, jointifs par la grande base du cône, ce dernier étant disposé en avant du cylindre. Suivant une variante, la cavité interne a une forme bitronco- nique, les deux cônes étant jointifs par leur grande base, la petite base du tronc de cône arrière étant fermée par la flèche interne. Suivant une autre forme avantageuse de réalisation, l'avant de la flèche interne déborde légèrement dans la cavité interne formée dans le nez ogival, c'est-à-dire que la paroi tronconique ou cylindrique de la base de la cavité interne vient en contact avec la surface externe de la flèche légèrement en arrière de l'extrémité frontale de celle-ci. Ceci a pour effet de former un volume annulaire qui peut servir d'amorce d'expansion de la tête de la balle lors de l'impact sur la cible. La flèche interne insérée dans le corps de la balle métallique peut être réalisée en un ou plusieurs éléments. Lorsqu'elle est constituée par un élément cylindrique unique, celui-ci porte de préférence plusieurs nervures longitudinales ou transversales qui améliorent la liaison avec le corps de balle. Le trou foré dans le corps de balle, dans lequel est insérée la flèche interne, peut être traversant ou borgne, et de préférence borgne. La balle suivant la présente invention présente l'avantage de réduire sensiblement la traînée aérodynamique sur trajectoire, tout en assurant le contrôle de la déformation du corps de la balle lors de l'impact sur la cible, même à grande distance. Ainsi, par comparaison avec une balle conforme au brevet FR-A-2.795.170 ayant la même masse et les mêmes dimensions, le coefficient de traînée aérodynamique est réduit de moitié environ pour des vitesses de projectile de l'ordre de Mach 2. Plus particulièrement, la faible traînée aérodynamique sur trajectoire permet à la balle de l'invention de conserver une vitesse élevée jusqu'à l'impact sur une cible distante de plus de 300 m. Ainsi, la balle se déforme alors de manière contrôlée en s ' enroulant autour de son axe, à l'impact sur les parties molles de la cible, et assure la destruction efficace des parties dures de ladite cible, même à des distances importantes, qui peuvent être supérieures à 300 m dans le cas des balles au calibre. Ce résultat peut être obtenu, conformément à l'invention, avec une balle métallique sans plomb, bien que la masse volumique des matériaux généralement utilisés comme substituts du plomb soit inférieure d'environ 20% à celle de ce dernier, et que le volume de la balle soit sensiblement identique en raison des normes imposées dans ce domaine technique. Or on sait qu'une masse de balle la plus élevée possible est nécessaire, pour un calibre donné et un coefficient de traînée aérodynamique déterminé, pour obtenir une énergie suffisante à l'impact. L'invention permet donc de compenser les conséquences de la diminution de la masse volumique des balles sans plomb, et d'améliorer l'efficacité terminale de la balle. Comme indiqué ci-dessus, la balle de l'invention est de préférence une balle métallique sans plomb. Le corps de la balle peut être en métal ou alliage métallique choisi parmi le cuivre et les alliages de cuivre, et de préférence un laiton contenant 5 à 40 % de zinc. La flèche ou insert métallique dans l'axe de la balle peut être réalisée en métal ou alliage métallique choisi parmi l'acier, le cuivre et les alliages d'aluminium ou de cuivre, par exemple un laiton. La balle de 1 ' invention peut être fabriquée par les techniques classiques, par exemple en formant d'abord une balle pourvue d'un trou cylindrique axial débouchant sur l'avant, en y introduisant la flèche interne, et en formant ensuite le nez ogival par formage mécanique à froid. L'invention s'applique aux balles pour arme de chasse gyrostabilisees ou stabilisées par empennage, au calibre de l'arme ou sous-calibrées associées à un sabot de lancement. Les caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront plus en détail dans la description suivante, relative à des formes préférentielles de réalisation, en référence aux dessins annexés, qui représentent : Figure 1 : une vue schématique d'une balle gyrostabi- lisée, au calibre de l'arme, conforme à l'invention. Figure 2 : une vue partielle en coupe de la partie avant de l'ogive de la balle de la Figure 1, montrant le début de la déformation lors de l'impact sur la cible. Figure 3 : une vue partielle en coupe de la partie avant de l'ogive, au début de la pénétration dans la cible après impact . Figure 4 : une demi-vue schématique en coupe partielle d'une variante de réalisation de l'invention, représentant une balle sous-calibrée . Figure 5 : une demi-vue partielle en coupe d'une variante de la cavité interne de l'ogive de la balle de la Figure 1. Figure 6 : une demi-vue extérieure de la balle de la Figure 1 comportant une gorge de sertissage à la jonction de l'ogive et de la partie centrale de la balle. Figure 7 : une vue de face du nez de l'ogive comportant des amorces de rupture de la paroi . Comme le montre la Figure 1, la balle au calibre de l'arme est du type monobloc métallique et comporte à sa partie arrière un rétreint de culot (1) , à sa partie centrale un corps (2), et à sa partie avant une ogive étagëe (3) . Une flèche interne portée (4) , dont la surface porte des nervures longitudinales (5) , est placée dans un trou foré dans l'axe du corps de balle et traversant l'ogive (3) . La balle portant la flèche interne (4) est introduite dans un étui muni d'une amorce et d'une charge, de type classique, non représenté. La tête ogivale (3) de la balle est très profilée pour réduire autant que possible la traînée aérodynamique, et les diamètres di de l'orifice (8) et d2 du méplat (6) du nez (7) qui l'entoure sont aussi petits que possible. Ainsi, dans l'exemple de la Figure 1, le diamètre d2 du méplat est légèrement inférieur au diamètre d de la flèche interne (4) , le rapport d2:d étant voisin de 0,8:1, tandis que le diamètre di de l'orifice est tel que le rapport dχ:d est égal à environ 0,5. La cavité interne cylindro-conique (9) ainsi délimitée, débouche sur le nez (7) de l'ogive (3) par l'orifice (8) de forme circulaire. Le profil théorique du nez (7) et la partie arrière (10) de l'ogive (3) se rejoignent suivant une ligne de tangence située à une distance (1) voisine de 1/2 environ de la hauteur de la partie arrière (10) de l'ogive à partir du raccordement de celle-ci avec la partie centrale (2) de la balle. La grande base du nez de l'ogive étagée (3) présente un diamètre d4 légèrement supérieur au diamètre avant d3 de la partie arrière de l'ogive. Cette disposition, en relation avec la forme de la cavité interne (9) entraîne un amincissement de la paroi de la tête ogivale, générant ainsi une ligne de faiblesse mécanique (11) . Cette ligne de faiblesse (11) permet de contrôler la déformation de la tête ogivale (3) lors de 1 ' impact sur la cible . La Figure 2 montre le début de la déformation de l'ogive étagée (3) lors de l'impact sur la cible. L'effort (F) s'exerce sur la base du méplat (6) du nez (7) de l'ogive étagée (3) de la balle. Ainsi, le nez (7) s'écrase progressivement en provoquant une expansion radiale de la paroi du nez, dont le point d'articulation est situé au droit de la ligne de faiblesse mécanique (11) . Ce mouvement entraîne la déformation par expansion radiale de l'avant de la partie (10) de l'ogive (3), provoquant la formation d'une entrée conique (12) qui génère ensuite le "champignonnage" de la balle. Dans le même temps, les parties molles de la cible se trouvent engagées dans la cavité (9) et dans l'entrée conique (12) , et elles créent ainsi une pression radiale Pi importante sur les parois internes de la cavité (9) . Cette pression, combinée à la ligne de faiblesse mécanique (11) , contribue à l'amorçage du processus de "champignonnage" ou d'expansion de la balle. La Figure 3 montre l'évolution du processus de "champignonnage" de la balle. L'entrée conique (12) continue de s'ouvrir, tandis que la tête ogivale (3) de la balle s'enroule autour de l'axe de la balle, découvrant la pointe avant de la flèche interne (4) dont la rigidité est supérieure à celle du corps de la balle. Lorsque le processus de "champignonnage" est parvenu à sa phase extrême, la paroi de la tête ogivale de la balle est totalement retournée et le corps de la balle présente alors une forme de champignon sans perte de matière, tandis que la flèche interne peut être éventuellement détachée. Le diamètre du corps de balle ainsi déformé, est approximativement le triple du diamètre initial. La Figure 4 représente l'invention appliquée à une balle sous-calibrée (13) portant une empenne (14) sur sa partie arrière, logée dans un sabot de lancement (15), l'ensemble étant placé, de manière usuelle, dans une douille amorcée et chargée, non représentée. Comme le montre la Figure 4, l'ogive étagée (16) comprend un nez (17) dont la grande base a un diamètre (identique au diamètre d4 de la Figure 1) supérieur au diamètre de l'avant de la partie arrière (18) de l'ogive (16) (identique au dimètre d3 de la Figure 1) . La cavité interne (19) est sensiblement identique à la cavité interne (9) de la balle de la Figure 1, et fonctionne de la même manière à l'impact sur la cible. Cette balle sous-calibrée peut être utilisée dans un fusil de chasse à canon lisse ou faiblement rayé pour des distances de tir n'excédant généralement pas 100 mètres. Cette balle est stabilisée sur trajectoire par l'empenne (14). Une variante de réalisation du nez ogival de la balle est représentée sur la Figure 5. Comme le montre cette figure, la cavité interne (9) est constituée par deux troncs de cône se rejoignant par leur grande base, de telle sorte que la surface tronconique (20) de la partie arrière et la surface tronconique (21) de la partie avant sont jointives suivant une ligne située à proximité immédiate de l'étranglement à la base du nez ogival. Dans cette forme de réalisation, la distance l entre le plan de l'orifice (8) et la ligne de jonction (22) entre les deux surfaces tronconiques (20) et (21) est égale à environ 1,5 fois la distance 12 séparant cette même ligne du plan de la ligne de jonction entre la surface tronconique (20) et la surface de la flèche interne (4) . Suivant une variante (non représentée) la surface tronconique (20) rejoint la surface externe de la flèche interne (4) légèrement en arrière de l'extrémité frontale de celle-ci. Suivant une autre variante, la jonction (22) entre les deux surfaces tronconiques (20) et (21) se fait suivant une surface arrondie, ou encore, la surface tronconique (20) est remplacée par une surface en anneau sphérique se raccordant sans rupture à la surface tronconique (21) . La Figure 6 représente, en demi-vue extérieure, une variante de la balle de la Figure 1, comportant une gorge de sertissage (23) située sur le raccordement théorique (24) de la partie arrière (10) de la tête ogivale avec le corps (2) de la balle. Cette partie arrière (10) de l'ogive présente un profil convexe. La gorge de sertissage (23) est ici de section rectangulaire. Elle est destinée à faciliter la mise en place et le maintien de la balle dans la cartouche. Suivant une technique classique, le corps (2) de la balle peut comporter des gorges de décompression. Comme le montre la Figure 7, l'orifice (8) peut présenter des amorces de rupture (25) qui facilitent l'ouverture partielle du nez ogival (7) , accélérant ainsi la déformation de la tête de la balle lors de l'impact sur la cible. The present invention relates to ammunition for small arms, medium and large caliber, and more particularly a new bullet, especially for hunting weapons, with reduced aerodynamic drag and providing improved terminal efficiency, particularly on soft target. The most conventional ammunition for hunting weapons is usually leaded bullets with lead alloy cores, the front of which has a flattened or rounded head. According to a variant, some balls have a central channel in the warhead. Thus, US Pat. No. 3,881,421 describes a bullet whose head is hollowed out to cause it to flatten upon impact on the target. These ammunition generally have the disadvantage of a high loss of speed on the trajectory and a significant mass loss at impact on the target due to a dislocation of the bullet. Balls of the same type are also known, comprising, on the front end of the warhead, a piece of plastic or other material intended to improve the aerodynamics of the ball and the accuracy of the shot, as in patent CH 625043 However, these bullets fragment and expand weakly on impact on the target, which affects their terminal efficiency. The application WO 0045120 describes a bullet comprising a metal core with an enlarged base, supporting an envelope with open ogival head protruding from the central core. US Pat. No. 5,259,320 shows an example of a lead-free monometallic bullet, comprising a central channel situated in the warhead, which has rupture primers intended to control the expansion of the head of the warhead and its winding in petals, during the impact on the target. This technique has the disadvantage of random expansion, and a risk of fragmentation of the formed petals. In addition, the method of manufacture of this type of ball by cold stamping causes dynamic imbalances that result in a dispersion of shots. The technique of ammunition with arrow bullet is now well known. These ammunition comprise a sub-projectile (arrow) stabilized by empennage, associated with a hoof (or launcher) the caliber of the weapon, and are described for example in FR-A-2,555,728. An improvement made to this technique is described in patent FR-A-2,795,170 relating to a monometallic bullet with the caliber of the weapon or under-calibrated, comprising an internal arrow of rigidity greater than that of the body of the bullet, arranged along its axis. The balls of this type are very precise and make it possible to regulate the expansion and to preserve the mass of the ball during the impact on the target. According to this technique, the diameter of the nose of the warhead is between 40 and 50% of the maximum diameter of the bullet, which gives it a significant aerodynamic drag. These bullets are therefore mainly intended for so-called "beat" firing, at short and medium distances, less than 150 m for rifles, and of the order of 50 to 60 m for shotguns. Beyond these distances, and mainly with low initial velocity bullets, the impact velocity on the target is too low to cause a radial expansion of the bullet body which is necessary for satisfactory efficiency. For so-called "approach" or "lookout" shots, it is essential to reduce the aerodynamic drag of the ball on the trajectory, without diminishing its terminal efficiency. The present invention precisely aims to optimize the ballistics of a lead-free metal ball of the above type to obtain the lowest possible aerodynamic drag on trajectory while maintaining excellent terminal efficiency on the target by avoiding losses of mass of the metal body of the ball, at great distances, which can be of the order of 300 m. The subject of the present invention is therefore a small, medium or large caliber weapon bullet, at the caliber of the weapon or under-calibrated, of the type comprising an internal arrow of rigidity greater than or equal to that of the body of the bullet, arranged in a hole drilled in the bullet body along its axis, which is distinguished in that the internal arrow is recessed relative to the orifice of the hole, the latter, located on the axis, is of a diameter less than that of the internal arrow, and the wall of the ogival head of the bullet body has one or more deformation primers near the orifice of the hole. According to a preferred embodiment, the deformation primers of the ogival head are made by a throat of the ogival head, separating the ogival nose from the rear part of the ogive. Thus, the bullet of the invention has in its front part a conical or cylindro-conical cavity, delimited on its large base by the front face of the internal arrow, and opening on the ogival nose of the bullet by a small orifice, preferably circular, located in the axis. The warhead forming the head of the bullet is very profiled, so as to provide as little aerodynamic drag as possible, and for this purpose, the orifice of the hole enclosing the internal arrow has a diameter smaller than that of the internal arrow, the di / d ratio of the diameter di of the orifice to the diameter d of the internal arrow being between 0.1: 1 and 0.9: 1. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the nose of the ogive comprises a flat whose outer diameter d 2 is such that the ratio d 2 / d is between 0.3: 1 and 1.5: 1. According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the ratio d 2 / d is between 0.6: 1 and 1: 1, while the diameter d x of the orifice is such that the ratio di / d is included between about 0.3: 1 and 0.6: 1. The deformation primers made in the wall of the ogival head are intended to facilitate the deformation and opening of the nose of the warhead at impact on the target, to cause a deformation by "mushrooming". These deformation primers contribute to the stepped ogival shape of the front part of the bullet. This ogival shape has an ogival nose surrounding the orifice communicating with the conical or cylindro-conical cavity, and a rear portion, which cooperate to minimize and reduce to the utmost any discontinuity of the flow of air in flight which could cause detachment of Mach wave detrimental to aerodynamic drag. As indicated above, these deformation primers can be preferably made in the form of a constriction in the outer wall of the warhead, separating the ogival nose, open on the front, of the rear part of the warhead. , so that the section of the base of the ogival nose is slightly greater than that of the front of the rear part of the ogive. This throttling is preferably located at the base of the conical or cylindro-conical internal cavity formed in front of the internal arrow, or slightly in front of this base, and more preferably at the junction line of the conical surfaces and cylindrical when the internal cavity is cylindro-conical. The constriction made in the wall of the warhead to form the primer deformation is materialized by a recess between the base of the ogival nose and the front end of the rear part of the warhead, and the radial height of this recess , for medium-sized bales, is generally between 0.05 and 1 mm, and preferably between 0.1 and 0.5 mm. The theoretical profile of the ogival nose and the rear part of the ogive meet in a line of tangency located at a distance between 1/5 and 4/5, preferably between 1/3 and 2/3, of the height of the rear part of the warhead. Preferably, the rear part of the ogive has a convex profile. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the internal cavity has a cylindro-conical shape, where the cylinder and the cone are coaxial, joined by the large base of the cone, the latter being disposed in front of the cylinder. According to a variant, the internal cavity has a bitconical shape, the two cones being joined by their large base, the small base of the rear truncated cone being closed by the internal arrow. According to another advantageous embodiment, the front of the internal arrow slightly protrudes into the internal cavity formed in the ogival nose, that is to say that the frustoconical or cylindrical wall of the base of the internal cavity comes into contact with the outer surface of the arrow slightly behind the front end thereof. This has the effect of forming an annular volume that can serve as a primer for expansion of the ball head during impact on the target. The internal arrow inserted into the body of the metal bullet can be made of one or more elements. When constituted by a single cylindrical element, it preferably has a plurality of longitudinal or transverse ribs which improve the bond with the bullet body. The hole drilled in the bullet body, into which the internal arrow is inserted, may be through or blind, and preferably blind. The ball according to the present invention has the advantage of substantially reducing the aerodynamic drag on the trajectory, while ensuring the control of the deformation of the body of the bullet during the impact on the target, even at great distance. Thus, compared with a bullet according to FR-A-2,795,170 having the same mass and the same dimensions, the aerodynamic drag coefficient is reduced. of about half for projectile speeds of the order of Mach 2. More particularly, the low aerodynamic trajectory drag allows the bullet of the invention to maintain a high speed until the impact on a distant target of more 300 m. Thus, the ball then deforms in a controlled manner by wrapping around its axis, impacting the soft parts of the target, and ensures the effective destruction of the hard parts of said target, even at great distances, which may be greater than 300 m in the case of caliber bullets. This result can be achieved, according to the invention, with a lead-free metal bullet, although the density of materials generally used as lead substitutes is about 20% lower than that of the latter, and the volume of the ball is substantially identical because of the standards imposed in this technical field. However, it is known that the highest possible ball mass is necessary, for a given caliber and a determined aerodynamic drag coefficient, to obtain sufficient energy on impact. The invention thus makes it possible to compensate for the consequences of reducing the density of lead-free bales, and to improve the terminal efficiency of the bale. As indicated above, the bullet of the invention is preferably a lead-free metal bullet. The body of the ball may be metal or metal alloy selected from copper and copper alloys, and preferably a brass containing 5 to 40% zinc. The arrow or metal insert in the axis of the ball may be made of metal or metal alloy selected from steel, copper and alloys of aluminum or copper, for example a brass. The ball of the invention can be manufactured by conventional techniques, for example by first forming a ball provided with an axial cylindrical hole opening on the front, by introducing the internal arrow, and then forming the ogival nose by cold mechanical forming. The invention applies to bullets gyro stabilized or stabilized by tail, the caliber of the weapon or sub-calibrated associated with a launch pad. The features and advantages of the present invention will appear in more detail in the following description, relating to preferred embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings, which show: Figure 1: a schematic view of a gyrostabilized ball, with a caliber of the weapon, according to the invention. Figure 2: a partial sectional view of the front part of the bullet ogive of Figure 1, showing the beginning of the deformation during the impact on the target. Figure 3: a partial sectional view of the front part of the ogive, at the beginning of the penetration into the target after impact. Figure 4: a schematic half-view in partial section of an alternative embodiment of the invention, representing a sub-calibrated bullet. FIG. 5 is a partial half-sectional view of a variant of the internal cavity of the bullet head of FIG. 1. FIG. 6: an external half-view of the bullet of FIG. 1 having a crimping groove at the junction of the warhead and the central part of the bullet. Figure 7: a front view of the nose of the warhead having rupture primers of the wall. As shown in FIG. 1, the bullet with the caliber of the weapon is of the metal monoblock type and comprises at its rear part a narrowing of the base (1), at its central part a body (2), and at its front part a ogive shelf (3). An inner deflected boom (4), the surface of which carries longitudinal ribs (5), is placed in a hole drilled in the axis of the bullet body and passing through the warhead (3). The ball carrying the internal arrow (4) is inserted into a case provided with a primer and a load, of conventional type, not shown. The ogival head (3) of the bullet is very profiled to reduce as much as possible the aerodynamic drag, and the diameters di of the orifice (8) and d 2 of the flat (6) of the nose (7) which surrounds it are as small as possible. Thus, in the example of FIG. 1, the diameter d 2 of the flat is slightly smaller than the diameter d of the internal arrow (4), the ratio d 2 : d being close to 0.8: 1, while the diameter The diameter of the orifice is such that the ratio d: d is equal to about 0.5. The internal cylindro-conical cavity (9) thus delimited, opens on the nose (7) of the ogive (3) through the orifice (8) of circular shape. The theoretical profile of the nose (7) and the rear part (10) of the ogive (3) meet in a line of tangency located at a distance (1) of about 1/2 of the height of the rear portion ( 10) of the warhead from the connection thereof with the central portion (2) of the ball. The large base of the nose of the stepped ogive (3) has a diameter d 4 slightly greater than the front diameter d3 of the rear part of the warhead. This arrangement, in relation to the shape of the internal cavity (9) causes a thinning of the wall of the ogival head, thereby generating a line of mechanical weakness (11). This line of weakness (11) makes it possible to control the deformation of the ogival head (3) during the impact on the target. Figure 2 shows the beginning of the deformation of the stepped warhead (3) during the impact on the target. The force (F) is exerted on the base of the flat (6) of the nose (7) of the staggered warhead (3) of the bullet. Thus, the nose (7) crushes gradually causing a radial expansion of the wall of the nose, the point of articulation is located in line with the line of mechanical weakness (11). This movement leads to deformation by radial expansion of the front of the portion (10) of the warhead (3), causing the formation of a conical inlet (12) which then generates the "mushrooming" of the ball. At the same time, the soft parts of the target are engaged in the cavity (9) and in the conical inlet (12), and they thus create a significant radial pressure Pi on the internal walls of the cavity (9). This pressure, combined with the line of mechanical weakness (11), contributes to the initiation of the process of "mushrooming" or expansion of the ball. Figure 3 shows the evolution of the "mushrooming" process of the ball. The conical inlet (12) continues to open, while the ogival head (3) of the ball wraps around the axis of the bullet, revealing the front tip of the internal shaft (4) whose rigidity is greater than the body of the ball. When the "mushrooming" process has reached its extreme phase, the wall of the ogival head of the ball is completely inverted and the body of the ball then has a mushroom shape without loss of material, while the internal arrow can be possibly detached. The diameter of the bullet body thus deformed is approximately three times the original diameter. FIG. 4 represents the invention applied to a sub-calibrated bullet (13) carrying a stabilizer (14) on its rear part, housed in a launching shoe (15), the assembly being placed, in a usual manner, in a bushing primed and charged, not shown. As shown in Figure 4, the stepped ogive (16) comprises a nose (17) whose larger base has a diameter (identical to the diameter d 4 of Figure 1) than the diameter of the front of the rear part ( 18) of the warhead (16) (identical to the dimeter d 3 of Figure 1). The internal cavity (19) is substantially identical to the internal cavity (9) of the ball of Figure 1, and functions in the same way to the impact on the target. This under-calibrated bullet can be used in a shotgun with a smooth or weakly scratched gun for firing distances generally not exceeding 100 meters. This ball is stabilized on trajectory by the empenne (14). An alternative embodiment of the ogival nose of the bullet is shown in Figure 5. As shown in this figure, the internal cavity (9) is constituted by two conical frustums joined by their large base, so that the frustoconical surface (20) of the rear portion and the frustoconical surface (21) of the front portion are contiguous along a line located in the immediate vicinity of the throat at the base of the ogival nose. In this embodiment, the distance 1 between the plane of the orifice (8) and the junction line (22) between the two frustoconical surfaces (20) and (21) is equal to approximately 1.5 times the distance 1 2 separating the same line from the plane of the line of junction between the frustoconical surface (20) and the surface of the internal arrow (4). According to a variant (not shown) the frustoconical surface (20) joins the outer surface of the inner shaft (4) slightly behind the front end thereof. According to another variant, the junction (22) between the two frustoconical surfaces (20) and (21) is made in a rounded surface, or the frustoconical surface (20) is replaced by a spherical ring surface that is connected without rupture. on the frustoconical surface (21). FIG. 6 represents, in an external half-view, a variant of the bale of FIG. 1, comprising a crimping groove (23) located on the theoretical connection (24) of the rear part (10) of the ogival head with the body (2) of the ball. This rear portion (10) of the ogive has a convex profile. The crimping groove (23) is here of rectangular section. It is intended to facilitate the establishment and maintenance of the ball in the cartridge. According to a conventional technique, the body (2) of the ball may include decompression grooves. As shown in Figure 7, the orifice (8) may have rupture primers (25) which facilitate the partial opening of the ogival nose (7), thus accelerating the deformation of the head of the bullet at impact. on the target.

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1. Balle pour arme de petit, moyen ou gros calibre, au calibre de l'arme ou sous-calibrée, du type comprenant une flèche interne (4) de rigidité supérieure ou égale à celle du corps de la balle, disposée dans un trou foré dans le corps de balle suivant son axe, caractérisée en ce que la flèche interne (4) est en retrait par rapport à l'orifice (8) du trou, ce dernier, situé sur l'axe, est d'un diamètre inférieur à celui de la flèche interne (4) , et la paroi de la tête ogivale (3) du corps de balle (2) comporte une ou plusieurs amorces de déformation à proximité de l'orifice du trou. 1. Ball for a small, medium or large weapon, the caliber of the weapon or under-calibrated, of the type comprising an internal arrow (4) of rigidity greater than or equal to that of the body of the bullet, disposed in a hole drilled in the bullet body along its axis, characterized in that the internal arrow (4) is recessed relative to the hole (8) of the hole, the latter, located on the axis, is of a smaller diameter to that of the internal arrow (4), and the wall of the ogival head (3) of the bullet body (2) comprises one or more deformation primers near the orifice of the hole.
2. Balle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle comporte dans sa partie avant une cavité (9) de forme conique ou cylindro-conique délimitée sur sa grande base par la face avant de la flèche interne (4) . 2. Ball according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises in its front part a cavity (9) of conical or cylindro-conical shape delimited on its large base by the front face of the inner shaft (4).
3. Balle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que les amorces de déformation de la tête ogivale sont réalisées par un étranglement de la tête ogivale, séparant le nez ogival (7) de la partie arrière (10) de l'ogive. 3. Ball according to claim 1, characterized in that the deformation primers of the ogival head are made by a throat of the ogival head, separating the ogival nose (7) of the rear portion (10) of the ogive.
4. Balle selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la section de la grande base du nez ogival (7) est légèrement supérieure à celle de l'avant de la partie arrière (10) de l'ogive. 4. Ball according to claim 3, characterized in that the section of the large base of the ogival nose (7) is slightly greater than that of the front of the rear part (10) of the ogive.
5. Balle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 et 4, caractérisée en ce que l'étranglement est situé au niveau de la base de la cavité interne (9) conique ou cylindro- conique formée en avant de la flèche interne (4) , ou légèrement en avant de cette base. 5. Ball according to any one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the constriction is located at the base of the internal cavity (9) conical or cylindro-conical formed in front of the internal arrow (4) , or slightly ahead of this base.
6. Balle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 et 4, caractérisée en ce que la cavité interne (9) est de forme cylindro-conique et l'étranglement est situé au niveau de la ligne de jonction (22) des surfaces conique et cylindrique. 6. Ball according to any one of claims 3 and 4, characterized in that the internal cavity (9) is cylindro-conical and the constriction is located at the junction line (22) of the conical surfaces and cylindrical.
7. Balle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 3 à 6, caractérisée en ce que l'étranglement pratiqué dans la paroi de 1 ' ogive forme un décrochement entre la grande base du nez ogival (7) et l'extrémité avant de la partie arrière (10) de l'ogive, la hauteur de ce décrochement étant comprise entre 0, 05 et 1 mm. Ball according to any one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the constriction practiced in the 1 wall of the warhead forms a recess between the large base of the ogival nose (7) and the front end of the rear portion (10) of the nose, the height of this recess being between 0.05 and 1 mm.
8. Balle selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le rapport du diamètre dx de l'orifice au diamètre d de la flèche interne est compris entre 0,1:1 et 0,9:1. 8. Ball according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the diameter dx of the orifice to the diameter d of the internal deflection is between 0.1: 1 and 0.9: 1.
9. Balle selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 et 8, caractérisée en ce que le nez (7) de l'ogive comporte un méplat (6) dont le diamètre extérieur d2 est tel que le rapport d2/d est compris entre 0,3:1 et 1,5:1. 9. Ball according to any one of claims 1 and 8, characterized in that the nose (7) of the ogive comprises a flat (6) whose outer diameter d 2 is such that the ratio d 2 / d is included between 0.3: 1 and 1.5: 1.
10. Balle selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que le rapport d2/d est compris entre 0,6:1 et 1:1, tandis que le diamètre dx de l'orifice est tel que le rapport di/d est compris entre 0,3:1 et 0,6:1. 10. Ball according to claim 9, characterized in that the ratio d 2 / d is between 0.6: 1 and 1: 1, while the diameter d x of the orifice is such that the ratio di / d is between 0.3: 1 and 0.6: 1.
EP04787338A 2003-09-10 2004-09-09 Hunting bullet with reduced aerodynamic resistance Active EP1664663B1 (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200431060T SI1664663T1 (en) 2003-09-10 2004-09-09 Hunting bullet with reduced aerodynamic resistance
PL04787338T PL1664663T3 (en) 2003-09-10 2004-09-09 Hunting bullet with reduced aerodynamic resistance

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0310655A FR2859523B1 (en) 2003-09-10 2003-09-10 HUNTING BALL WITH REDUCED AERODYNAMIC TRAINING
PCT/FR2004/002289 WO2005026653A1 (en) 2003-09-10 2004-09-09 Hunting bullet with reduced aerodynamic resistance

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1664663A1 true EP1664663A1 (en) 2006-06-07
EP1664663B1 EP1664663B1 (en) 2008-12-31

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EP04787338A Active EP1664663B1 (en) 2003-09-10 2004-09-09 Hunting bullet with reduced aerodynamic resistance

Country Status (14)

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US (1) US7814837B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1664663B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE419506T1 (en)
CA (1) CA2538154C (en)
DE (1) DE602004018796D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2320456T3 (en)
FR (1) FR2859523B1 (en)
HR (1) HRP20090166T1 (en)
PL (1) PL1664663T3 (en)
PT (1) PT1664663E (en)
RS (1) RS50922B (en)
SI (1) SI1664663T1 (en)
WO (1) WO2005026653A1 (en)
ZA (1) ZA200602838B (en)

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US8186277B1 (en) * 2007-04-11 2012-05-29 Nosler, Inc. Lead-free bullet for use in a wide range of impact velocities
WO2011150220A1 (en) * 2010-05-26 2011-12-01 Flint Hills Scientific, L.L.C. Quantitative multivariate analysis of seizures
RU2491500C1 (en) * 2012-06-14 2013-08-27 Открытое акционерное общество "Конструкторское бюро автоматических линий имени Льва Николаевича Кошкина" (ОАО "КБАЛ им. Л.Н. Кошкина") Hunting round for rifled gun
US9631910B2 (en) * 2013-12-31 2017-04-25 Lehigh Defense, LLC Expanding subsonic projectile and cartridge utilizing same
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US9341455B2 (en) 2014-06-06 2016-05-17 Lehigh Defense, LLC Expanding subsonic projectile and cartridge utilizing same
US10222187B2 (en) * 2016-07-11 2019-03-05 Vista Outdoor Operations Llc Hunting projectile
US11313657B1 (en) * 2016-11-14 2022-04-26 Erik Agazim Multi-piece projectile with an insert formed via a powder metallurgy process
WO2019084164A1 (en) 2017-10-25 2019-05-02 Count-On Tools, Inc. Cartridge
USD858682S1 (en) 2017-10-25 2019-09-03 Count-On Tools, Inc. Handgun projectile
USD855141S1 (en) 2017-10-25 2019-07-30 Count-On Tools, Inc. Projectile
US10823539B1 (en) 2017-11-14 2020-11-03 Sme Engineering (Pty) Ltd Expanding subsonic bullet
US11428517B2 (en) * 2019-09-20 2022-08-30 Npee L.C. Projectile with insert
RU202778U1 (en) * 2020-02-13 2021-03-05 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Информационные технологии" (ООО "ИнфоТех") CARBIDE CORE

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SI1664663T1 (en) 2009-06-30
EP1664663B1 (en) 2008-12-31
RS20060243A (en) 2008-04-04
CA2538154A1 (en) 2005-03-24
FR2859523B1 (en) 2005-12-02
HRP20090166T1 (en) 2009-05-31
ATE419506T1 (en) 2009-01-15
DE602004018796D1 (en) 2009-02-12
PT1664663E (en) 2009-04-02
WO2005026653A1 (en) 2005-03-24
FR2859523A1 (en) 2005-03-11
PL1664663T3 (en) 2009-06-30
CA2538154C (en) 2012-02-14
US20070028793A1 (en) 2007-02-08
ES2320456T3 (en) 2009-05-22
US7814837B2 (en) 2010-10-19
RS50922B (en) 2010-08-31
ZA200602838B (en) 2007-06-27

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