EP1663498A1 - Method for operating a fragmentation system and system therefor - Google Patents

Method for operating a fragmentation system and system therefor

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Publication number
EP1663498A1
EP1663498A1 EP04763542A EP04763542A EP1663498A1 EP 1663498 A1 EP1663498 A1 EP 1663498A1 EP 04763542 A EP04763542 A EP 04763542A EP 04763542 A EP04763542 A EP 04763542A EP 1663498 A1 EP1663498 A1 EP 1663498A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
reaction vessel
fragmentation
grain size
target grain
suspension
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04763542A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1663498B1 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Frey
Ralf Strässner
Andreas Schormann
Kurt Giron
Harald Giese
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Karlsruher Institut fuer Technologie KIT
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Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH
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Publication of EP1663498A1 publication Critical patent/EP1663498A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C23/00—Auxiliary methods or auxiliary devices or accessories specially adapted for crushing or disintegrating not provided for in preceding groups or not specially adapted to apparatus covered by a single preceding group
    • B02C23/08—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating
    • B02C23/10—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B02C23/12—Separating or sorting of material, associated with crushing or disintegrating with separator arranged in discharge path of crushing or disintegrating zone with return of oversize material to crushing or disintegrating zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C19/00—Other disintegrating devices or methods
    • B02C19/18—Use of auxiliary physical effects, e.g. ultrasonics, irradiation, for disintegrating
    • B02C2019/183—Crushing by discharge of high electrical energy

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for operating a fragmentation system for more effective grinding of fragmentation material from mineral and / or brittle materials to target grain sizes ⁇ 5 mm and a fragmentation system which is operated with this method.
  • the fragmentation system consists of an electrical energy storage device, which is pulsed in a reaction vessel to the fragmentation material in a process liquid between two electrode ends - the reaction zone - which are at a distance from each other.
  • the fragmentation material present in the process liquid between the two electrode ends is crushed by electrical breakdowns and the resulting shock waves.
  • These mineral and / or brittle materials can be uniform, such as rock / rock or glass, or conglomerated, such as rock and concrete.
  • the target grain sizes are ⁇ 5 mm, preferably even ⁇ 2 mm.
  • Fragmented particles below this grain size are sucked out of the process area via filter cartridges. See, for example, the extraction of gravel and sand or the grinding of colored bodies, in general of substances that do not consist of composites.
  • Fragmented goods, such as those that occur when a building is demolished, are constantly refilled into the process room based on the extracted fragmented goods.
  • the fragmentation system consists of an electrical energy storage device, which is discharged onto a load in a pulsed manner via a spark gap.
  • the load is the process liquid in the interelectrode area and the fragmentation material sunk into it.
  • the two electrodes face each other, completely immersed with their respective ends, at a predetermined, adjustable distance.
  • the pro- concentrated liquid in the reaction vessel, in which the fragmentation material is poured in and the fragmented material is removed from and below the predetermined threshold for the grain size.
  • this object is achieved by the step characterized in claim 1 of whirling up the fragmentation material in the space filled with process fluid between the electrode ends and the fragmentation material deposited on the bottom of the reaction vessel.
  • the fragmentation material in the process liquid is kept in suspension, thus forming a suspension with the process liquid. From this suspension, the proportion of processed fragmentation material that has reached or fallen below the target grain size is discharged from the reaction vessel and the fragmentation material that exceeds the target grain size - these are the coarse parts - is returned to the reaction zone.
  • a fragmentation system in accordance with the characterizing features of claim 7.
  • Attached to or in the reaction vessel is a device that holds the fragmentation material introduced into the process fluid in suspension, since no air, relative dielectric constant ⁇ r close to 1, or no gas, ⁇ r may be introduced into the process space.
  • a device is attached to or in the reaction vessel, which consists of discharges the fragments from and below the target grain size to the suspension, feeds them to a device for solid-liquid separation and returns fragments of fragments above this target grain size to the reaction vessel.
  • at least one return line for process liquid opens into the reaction vessel.
  • the upflow classification is used to apply the proportion of process material. From this, the coarse fraction exceeding the target grain size is returned to the reaction vessel in a solid-liquid separation.
  • this splitting is carried out with hydrocycloning.
  • filters immersed in the process liquid such as filter baskets or filter cartridges, are used for this separation.
  • the device for this must be set up and set according to claim 8 so that the fragmented material in the process liquid is kept in suspension without the formation of dead areas.
  • an upstream classifier is set up for fraction separation.
  • an alternative solution is the a hydrocyclone for fraction separation.
  • such devices are known filters in the form of baskets, cartridges, for example. Then, due to the impact of the shock waves due to the electrical discharge, the distance to the electrode gap is set to be effective for cleaning and to avoid destruction. The intensity decreases with 1 / r 2 from the shock wave source.
  • Inlet nozzles through which the process liquid recovered in the solid-liquid separation is controlled and introduced / flowed into the reaction vessel in a directed manner, maintain the suspension according to claim 12.
  • fine fractions of the ground material can be kept in suspension during the fragmentation of the process liquid and can be returned to the electrical discharge area again and again.
  • the suction cartridge sits or the suction cartridges sit in such a way that the fragmented goods are likely to hit them and the sufficiently small grain sizes are suctioned off.
  • fragments hanging on the screen of the suction cartridge that are still too large are shaken off by the shock wave (s) triggered by the discharge channel or channels.
  • the electrical part, the charger, the energy storage and the spark gap are, among other things, known devices from the above-cited prior art sources.
  • the electrical energy store is predominantly a capacitor bank which is discharged with interposed spark gaps in a self-breakthrough onto the load in the interelectrode space in the reaction vessel.
  • the electrical part is a Marx generator, the electrical charging and discharging of which is known from the electrical high-performance / voltage pulse technology.
  • Figure 1 shows the barrel-shaped reaction vessel, which stands on a nozzle.
  • the high-voltage electrode which is electrically insulated up to its free end region, projects through the lid into the interior of the reaction vessel.
  • the high-voltage electrode is not rigidly guided in the lid, so that the impact and shock wave effects resulting from the electrical discharge cannot be transmitted.
  • the bare metallic end area is completely immersed in the process liquid contained in the reaction vessel, which is water here. Even the insulation jacket still protrudes far into the water. No creepage distances may be formed on it during long-term operation.
  • the counterelectrode is the bottom of the reaction vessel itself, which is, for example, spherically lowered. This can be the entire floor or just a central part of it.
  • the counter electrode is connected to a fixed potential, the reference potential, generally earth potential.
  • the reference potential generally earth potential.
  • fragmentation is indicated centrally.
  • the discharge channel is to form through the fragmentation material to the earth potential electrode, or a conical region of discharge channels is to be formed from the front of the high-voltage electrode to the central base area.
  • the water supply line and the discharge line for the water containing fragmentation material protrude from the filter cartridge.
  • the flow that causes the whirling up becomes stronger and stronger controlled in the direction of their start of flow.
  • This device for generating flow and whirling up the fragmented material coaxially surrounds the high-voltage electrode here.
  • the feed line feeds into the coaxially seated ring line.
  • the ring line is electrically safe and, resistant to shock waves, attached to the vessel wall.
  • the nozzles can be aligned in their outflow direction so that, depending on the fragmented material, a process-optimal whirling can be set or adjusted.
  • the flow rate is set with a pump that presses the pure process liquid into the ring line.
  • the nozzles direct the currents on the floor towards the floor center.
  • the fragmentation material settled or settling there is constantly stirred up and kept in suspension. Flowless areas are avoided in the entire water volume.
  • the filter cartridge is completely immersed in water.
  • the mesh size surrounding the filter cartridge determines the largest extractable grain size with its mesh size.
  • the suspension passing through the filter cartridge is separated into its liquid fraction, the process water, and its solid fraction in the centrifuge indicated on the right.
  • the water is returned via the supply line to the ring line into the reaction vessel, possibly with fresh water added beforehand.
  • New material to be fragmented is refilled / tipped over the nozzle protruding to the left of the reaction vessel.
  • reaction vessel Depending on the size of the reaction vessel, it is considerably easier for maintenance and repair work if the bottom of the reaction vessel can be unscrewed and rotated away using the extension arm, which can be rotated on the support shown on the right.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Battery Electrode And Active Subsutance (AREA)
  • Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
  • Hybrid Cells (AREA)

Abstract

A fragmentation system including a reaction vessel with processing fluid and fragmentation product and a pair of electrodes. Two respective ends of the pair of electrodes are arranged at a distance to each other inside the reaction vessel and can be admitted with pulsed high-voltage to grind the fragmentation product positioned in a reaction zone. The system also including a solid/fluid separation device, a suspension device to keep the fragmentation product continually suspended in the processing fluid, and a transfer device to transfer processing fluid and a first share of the fragmentation product out of the reaction vessel to the solid/fluid separation device. A second share of the fragmentation product returns to the reaction zone. The system includes at least one return-flow line coupled to the solid/fluid separation device and the reaction vessel to empty the processing fluid from the solid/fluid separation device into the reaction vessel.

Description

VERFAHREN ZUM BETREIBEN EINER FRAGMENTIERANLAGE SOWIE ANLAGE DAFÜR METHOD FOR OPERATING A FRAGMENTATION PLANT AND PLANT THEREFOR
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Fragmentieranlage zum effektiveren Mahlen von Fragmentiergut aus mineralischen und/oder spröden Materialien auf Zielkorngrößen < 5 mm und eine Fragmentieranlage, die mit diesem Verfahren betrieben wird.The invention relates to a method for operating a fragmentation system for more effective grinding of fragmentation material from mineral and / or brittle materials to target grain sizes <5 mm and a fragmentation system which is operated with this method.
Die Fragmentieranlage beruht in ihrem technischen Prinzip auf der FRANKA-Technologie (FRANKA = Fragmentieranlage Karlsruhe) , wie in der DE 195 34 232 beschrieben. Die Fragmentieranlage besteht aus einem elektrischen Energiespeicher, der pulsartig in einem Reaktionsgefäß auf das Fragmentiergut in einer Prozessflüssigkeit zwischen zwei sich auf Abstand gegenüberstehenden Elektrodenenden - der Reaktionszone - entladen wird.The technical principle of the fragmentation system is based on FRANKA technology (FRANKA = Karlsruhe fragmentation system), as described in DE 195 34 232. The fragmentation system consists of an electrical energy storage device, which is pulsed in a reaction vessel to the fragmentation material in a process liquid between two electrode ends - the reaction zone - which are at a distance from each other.
Beim Mahlen mit der Fragmentieranlage wird das zwischen den zwei E- lektrodenenden in der Prozessflüssigkeit vorhandene Fragmentiergut durch elektrische Durchschläge und dabei entstehende Schockwellen zerkleinert. Diese mineralischen und/oder spröden Materialien können einheitlich, wie Gestein/Fels oder Glas, oder konglomeriert, wie beispielsweise Gestein und Beton, sein. Die Zielkorngrößen sind < 5 mm, vorzugsweise sogar < 2 mm. Fragmentierte Partikel unterhalb dieser Korngröße werden über Filterpatronen aus dem Prozessgebiet abgesogen. Siehe beispielsweise bei der Kies- und Sandgewinnung oder beim Mahlen von Farbkörpern, ganz allgemein von Stoffen, die nicht aus Verbünden bestehen. Fragmentiergut, wie es beim Abbruch eines Gebäudes etwa anfällt, wird, orientiert am abgesaugten Fragmentiergut, ständig in den Prozessraum nachgefüllt.When grinding with the fragmentation system, the fragmentation material present in the process liquid between the two electrode ends is crushed by electrical breakdowns and the resulting shock waves. These mineral and / or brittle materials can be uniform, such as rock / rock or glass, or conglomerated, such as rock and concrete. The target grain sizes are <5 mm, preferably even <2 mm. Fragmented particles below this grain size are sucked out of the process area via filter cartridges. See, for example, the extraction of gravel and sand or the grinding of colored bodies, in general of substances that do not consist of composites. Fragmented goods, such as those that occur when a building is demolished, are constantly refilled into the process room based on the extracted fragmented goods.
Die Fragmentieranlage besteht aus einem elektrischen Energiespeicher, der über eine Funkenstrecke impulsartig auf eine Last entladen wird. Die Last ist die Prozessflüssigkeit im Zwischenelektrodenbereich und das darin versenkte Fragmentiergut. Die zwei Elektroden stehen sich darin, mit ihrem jeweiligen Ende völlig eingetaucht, auf einem vorgegebenem, einstellbaren Abstand gegenüber. Üblicherweise ist die Pro- zessflussigkeit in dem Reaktionsgefaß gefasst, in welchem das Fragmentiergut hineingeschüttet und das fragmentierte Gut ab und unterhalb der vorgegebenen Schwelle für die Korngroße entnommen wird.The fragmentation system consists of an electrical energy storage device, which is discharged onto a load in a pulsed manner via a spark gap. The load is the process liquid in the interelectrode area and the fragmentation material sunk into it. The two electrodes face each other, completely immersed with their respective ends, at a predetermined, adjustable distance. Usually the pro- concentrated liquid in the reaction vessel, in which the fragmentation material is poured in and the fragmented material is removed from and below the predetermined threshold for the grain size.
Bislang wird davon ausgegangen, dass das Mahlgut infolge der Entladungen zwischen den beiden Elektrodenenden, das sind meist die Hochspannungselektrode und der Boden bzw. ein Teilbereich davon, das Mahlgut bei den Impulsentladungen immer wieder genügend stark aufgewirbelt wird. Versuchsreihen haben aber gezeigt, dass die Aufwirbe- lung sehr unvollständig ist.So far, it has been assumed that the millbase is repeatedly whirled up sufficiently during the pulse discharges due to the discharges between the two electrode ends, which are usually the high-voltage electrode and the bottom or a portion thereof. Trials have shown, however, that the agitation is very incomplete.
Das führte zu der Aufgabe, die der Erfindung zugrunde liegt, nämlich das in den Elektrodenzwischenraum eingebrachte Fragmentiergut durch In-Schwebe-halten effektiver zu fragmentieren, um Prozesszeit und E- nergie einzusparen.This led to the task on which the invention is based, namely to more effectively fragment the fragmentation material introduced into the interelectrode space by keeping it suspended in order to save process time and energy.
Diese Aufgabe wird verfahrensmaßig durch den im 1. Anspruch gekennzeichneten Schritt der Aufwirbelung des Fragmentierguts im mit Prozessflussigkeit angefüllten Raum zwischen den Elektrodenenden und des am Boden des Reaktionsgefaßes abgesetzten Fragmentierguts gelost. Das sich in der Prozessflussigkeit befindliche Fragmentiergut wird standig in Schwebe gehalten und damit eine Suspension mit der Prozessflussigkeit gebildet. Aus dieser Suspension wird der Anteil prozessierten Fragmentierguts, das die Zielkorngroße erreicht oder unterschritten hat, aus dem Reaktionsgefaß ausgetragen und das die Zielkorngroße überschreitende Fragmentiergut - das sind die Grobanteile - erneut der Reaktionszone zugeführt.In procedural terms, this object is achieved by the step characterized in claim 1 of whirling up the fragmentation material in the space filled with process fluid between the electrode ends and the fragmentation material deposited on the bottom of the reaction vessel. The fragmentation material in the process liquid is kept in suspension, thus forming a suspension with the process liquid. From this suspension, the proportion of processed fragmentation material that has reached or fallen below the target grain size is discharged from the reaction vessel and the fragmentation material that exceeds the target grain size - these are the coarse parts - is returned to the reaction zone.
Gegenstandlich wird diese Aufgabe durch eine Fragmentieranlage gemäß den kennzeichnenden Merkmalen des Anspruchs 7 gelost. Angebaut an das oder in das Reaktionsgefaß ist eine das in der Prozessflussigkeit eingebrachte Fragmentiergut in Schwebe haltende Einrichtung, da keine Luft, relative Dielektriziotatskonstante εr nahe 1, oder kein Gas, εr ebenso, in den Prozessraum eingebracht werden darf. Des weiteren ist an oder in dem Reaktionsgefaß eine Einrichtung angebracht, die aus der Suspension die Fragmentiergutanteile ab und unterhalb der Zielkorngröße ausleitet, einer Einrichtung zur fest-flüssig-Trennung zuführt und Fragmentiergutanteile oberhalb dieser Zielkorngröße in das Reaktionsgefäß zurückführt. Hierzu mündet mindestens eine Rückleitung für Prozessflüssigkeit in das Reaktionsgefäß.This object is achieved by a fragmentation system in accordance with the characterizing features of claim 7. Attached to or in the reaction vessel is a device that holds the fragmentation material introduced into the process fluid in suspension, since no air, relative dielectric constant ε r close to 1, or no gas, ε r may be introduced into the process space. Furthermore, a device is attached to or in the reaction vessel, which consists of discharges the fragments from and below the target grain size to the suspension, feeds them to a device for solid-liquid separation and returns fragments of fragments above this target grain size to the reaction vessel. For this purpose, at least one return line for process liquid opens into the reaction vessel.
In den Verfahrensansprüchen 2 bis 6 sind weitere Maßnahmen beschrieben, mit denen der Fraktionierungsvorgang von Fall zu Fall vorteilhafter durchgeführt werden kann. Um das Fragmentiergut wirksam in Schwebe zu halten, sind nach Anspruch 2 hydrodynamische, wie strömen, oder nach Anspruch 3 mechanische Maßnahmen, wie rühren oder schaufeln, geeignet. Strömungsrichtung und -stärke sowie Rühr- und Schaufelgeschwindigkeit sind zur Optimierung der Fragmentierung steuer- und einstellbar.In method claims 2 to 6 further measures are described with which the fractionation process can be carried out more advantageously from case to case. In order to effectively keep the fragmentation material in suspension, hydrodynamic measures such as flow or mechanical measures such as stirring or shoveling are suitable according to claim 2. Flow direction and strength as well as stirring and paddle speed can be controlled and adjusted to optimize fragmentation.
Zum Ausbringen des Prozessgutanteils wird nach Anspruch 4 die Aufstromklassierung eingesetzt. Daraus wird in einer fest-flüssig- Trennung der die Zielkorngröße überschreitende Grobanteil in das Reaktionsgefaß zurückgeführt wird.According to claim 4, the upflow classification is used to apply the proportion of process material. From this, the coarse fraction exceeding the target grain size is returned to the reaction vessel in a solid-liquid separation.
Nach Anspruch 5 wird diese Aufspaltung mit Hydrozyklonieren durchgeführt. Nach Anspruch 6 schließlich werden im Reaktor in die Prozessflüssigkeit eingetauchte Filter, wie Filterkörbe oder Filterpatronen, für dies Trennung eingesetzt.According to claim 5, this splitting is carried out with hydrocycloning. Finally, according to claim 6, filters immersed in the process liquid, such as filter baskets or filter cartridges, are used for this separation.
In den gegenständlichen Ansprüchen 8 bis 12 sind Maßnahmen beschrieben, mit denen die Fragmentieranlage vorteilhaft ausgestattet werden kann.Measures are described in the claims 8 to 12 with which the fragmentation system can advantageously be equipped.
Für einen wirtschaftlichen Dauerbetrieb der Fragmentieranlage ist das Aufrechterhalten der Suspension von Bedeutung. Die Einrichtung hierzu muss nach Anspruch 8 so auf- und eingestellt sein, dass das in der Prozessflüssigkeit befindliche Fragmentiergut ohne Bildung von Totbereichen in Suspension gehalten wird.Maintaining the suspension is important for economical continuous operation of the fragmentation system. The device for this must be set up and set according to claim 8 so that the fragmented material in the process liquid is kept in suspension without the formation of dead areas.
Nach Anspruch 9 ist zur Fraktionstrennung ein AufStromklassierer aufgestellt. Eine alternative Lösung ist nach Anspruch 10 die Einrich- tung zur Fraktionstrennung ein Hydrozyklon. Und nach Anspruch 11 schließlich sind solche Einrichtungen aus der Siebtechnologie bekannte Filter in Form von Korben, Patronen beispielsweise. Wobei dann aufgrund der Schockwelleneinwirkung infolge der elektrischen Entladung, der Abstand zum Elektrodenzwischenraum reinigungswirksam und zerstorungsvermeidend eingestellt ist. Die Intensität nimmt mit 1/r2 von der Schockwellenquelle ab.According to claim 9, an upstream classifier is set up for fraction separation. According to claim 10, an alternative solution is the a hydrocyclone for fraction separation. And finally, according to claim 11, such devices are known filters in the form of baskets, cartridges, for example. Then, due to the impact of the shock waves due to the electrical discharge, the distance to the electrode gap is set to be effective for cleaning and to avoid destruction. The intensity decreases with 1 / r 2 from the shock wave source.
Einstromdusen, durch die die bei der fest-flüssig-Trennung zurückgewonnene Prozessflussigkeit in das Reaktionsgefaß gesteuert und gerichtet eingeleitet/eingeströmt wird, halten nach Anspruch 12 die Suspension mit aufrecht.Inlet nozzles, through which the process liquid recovered in the solid-liquid separation is controlled and introduced / flowed into the reaction vessel in a directed manner, maintain the suspension according to claim 12.
Durch diese Maßnahmen können Feinanteile des Mahlguts während der Fragmentierung m der Prozessflussigkeit in Schwebe gehalten und immer wieder in den elektrischen Entladungsbereich ruckgefuhrt werden. Dabei sitzt die Absaugpatrone oder auch sitzen die Absaugpatronen so, dass das fragmentierte Gut hochwahrscheinl ch auf diese trifft und die hinreichend kleinen Korngroßen abgesaugt werden. Bei jedem Entladungsvorgang werden am Sieb der Absaugpatrone hangende, noch zu große Fragmente durch die von dem oder den Entladungskanalen ausgeloste Schockwelle/n abgeschüttelt.Through these measures, fine fractions of the ground material can be kept in suspension during the fragmentation of the process liquid and can be returned to the electrical discharge area again and again. The suction cartridge sits or the suction cartridges sit in such a way that the fragmented goods are likely to hit them and the sufficiently small grain sizes are suctioned off. During each unloading process, fragments hanging on the screen of the suction cartridge that are still too large are shaken off by the shock wave (s) triggered by the discharge channel or channels.
Im Folgenden wird das Verfahren und eine beispielhafte Fragmentieranlage anhand der Zeichnung naher erläutert. Eine Ausfuhrungsform wird beschrieben, und zwar die Ausfuhrung „Ringleitung" in Spezifizierung des Verfahrensanspruchs 2 und des gegenständlichen Anspruchs 8. Sie ist nach Voruntersuchungen eine stromungstechnisch gunstige Losung. Weitere Losungsvarianten sind in einem gerichteten Rohr bzw. Rohrbun- del zu sehen. Auf jeden Fall muss bei der Ausfuhrung und dem Aufbau der Anlage darauf geachtet werden, dass Totstromgebiete vermieden werden, in denen sich Feinfraktionen ansammeln und ablagern wurden.The method and an exemplary fragmentation system are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. One embodiment is described, namely the "ring line" version in the specification of process claim 2 and the present claim 8. After preliminary examinations, it is a streamlined solution. Other solution variants can be seen in a directed pipe or bundle of pipes. In any case When designing and installing the system, care must be taken to avoid dead-current areas in which fine fractions have accumulated and been deposited.
Von der Fragmentieranlage wird lediglich das Reaktionsgefaß selbst dargestellt. Der elektrische Teil, das Ladegerat, der Energiespeicher und die Funkenstrecke, sind u.a. aus oben zitierten Quellen zum Stand der Technik bekannte Einrichtungen. Überwiegend ist der elektrische Energiespeicher eine Kondensatorbank, die mit zwischengeschalteten Funkenstrecken im Selbstdurchbruch auf die Last im Zwischenelektrodenraum im Reaktionsgefaß entladen wird. In Anlagen nach dem FRANKA- Typ ist der elektrische Teil ein Marx-Generator, dessen elektrische Aufladung und Entladung aus der elektrischen Hochleistungs-/ span- nungsimpulstechnik bekannt ist.From the fragmentation system, only the reaction vessel itself is shown. The electrical part, the charger, the energy storage and the spark gap are, among other things, known devices from the above-cited prior art sources. The electrical energy store is predominantly a capacitor bank which is discharged with interposed spark gaps in a self-breakthrough onto the load in the interelectrode space in the reaction vessel. In systems of the FRANKA type, the electrical part is a Marx generator, the electrical charging and discharging of which is known from the electrical high-performance / voltage pulse technology.
Figur 1 zeigt das tonnenformige Reaktionsgefaß, das auf Stutzen steht. Durch den Deckel hindurch ragt die bis zu ihrem freien Endbereich hin elektrisch isolierte Hochspannungselektrode in das Reaktionsgefaßinnere. Die Hochspannungselektrode ist im Deckel nicht starr gefuhrt, so dass die von der elektrischen Entladung herrührende Stoß- und Schockwelleneinwirkung nicht übertragen werden kann. Der blankliegende metallische Endbereich ist vollkommen in die im Reaktionsgefaß gefasste Prozessflussigkeit, die hier Wasser ist, eingetaucht. Selbst der Isolationsmantel ragt noch weit mit ins Wasser hinein. An ihm dürfen sich keine Kriechstrecken bei Langzeitbetrieb ausbilden. Die Gegenelektrode ist der hier beispielsweise kugelartig gesenkte Boden des Reaktionsgefaßes selber. Das kann der gesamte Boden sein oder auch nur ein zentraler Teilbereich davon. Auf jeden Fall ist die Gegenelektrode an ein festes Potential, das Bezugspotential, im allgemeinen Erdpotential, angeschlossen. Auf der Erdpotentialelektrode ist, zentral abgelagert, Fragmentiergut angedeutet. Der Entladungskanal soll sich, ausgehend von der Spitze der Kochspannungselektrode, durch das Fragmentiergut hindurch zur Erdpotentialelektrode ausbilden, bzw. soll sich so ein kegelförmiges Gebiet aus Entladungskanalen von der Stirn der Hochspannungselektrode zum zentralen Bodenbereich hin ausbilden.Figure 1 shows the barrel-shaped reaction vessel, which stands on a nozzle. The high-voltage electrode, which is electrically insulated up to its free end region, projects through the lid into the interior of the reaction vessel. The high-voltage electrode is not rigidly guided in the lid, so that the impact and shock wave effects resulting from the electrical discharge cannot be transmitted. The bare metallic end area is completely immersed in the process liquid contained in the reaction vessel, which is water here. Even the insulation jacket still protrudes far into the water. No creepage distances may be formed on it during long-term operation. The counterelectrode is the bottom of the reaction vessel itself, which is, for example, spherically lowered. This can be the entire floor or just a central part of it. In any case, the counter electrode is connected to a fixed potential, the reference potential, generally earth potential. On the earth potential electrode, fragmentation is indicated centrally. Starting from the tip of the cooking voltage electrode, the discharge channel is to form through the fragmentation material to the earth potential electrode, or a conical region of discharge channels is to be formed from the front of the high-voltage electrode to the central base area.
Durch den Deckel des Reaktionsgefaßes ragt d e Wasserzuleitung und die Ableitung für das mit Fragmentiergut versetzte Wasser von der Filterpatrone her. Zu Optimierung des Fraktionierungsprozesses wird die Strömung, die für die Aufwirbelung sorgt, in ihrer Starke und an ihrem Strömungsbeginn in der Richtung gesteuert. Diese Einrichtung zur Strömungserzeugung und Aufwirbelung des Fragmentierguts umgibt hier die Hochspannungselektrode koaxial. Die Zuleitung speist in die koaxial sitzende Ringleitung ein. Die Ringleitung ist elektrisch sicher und, Schockwellen mit erträglichem Aufwand widerstehend, an der Gefäßwand angebaut.Through the cover of the reaction vessel, the water supply line and the discharge line for the water containing fragmentation material protrude from the filter cartridge. In order to optimize the fractionation process, the flow that causes the whirling up becomes stronger and stronger controlled in the direction of their start of flow. This device for generating flow and whirling up the fragmented material coaxially surrounds the high-voltage electrode here. The feed line feeds into the coaxially seated ring line. The ring line is electrically safe and, resistant to shock waves, attached to the vessel wall.
Die Düsen sind in Ihrer Ausströmrichtung ausrichtbar, so dass je nach Fragmentiergut eine prozessoptimale Aufwirbelung eingestellt, bzw. nachgestellt werden kann. Die Strömungsstärke wird mit einer Pumpe, welche die reine Prozessflüssigkeit in die Ringleitung drückt, eingestellt. Die Düsen richten die Strömungen am Boden entlag zum Bodenzentrum. Das dort abgesetzte oder sich absetzende Fragmentiergut wird so ständig aufgewirbelt und in Suspension gehalten. Strömungslose Gebiete werden im gesamten Wasservolumen vermieden.The nozzles can be aligned in their outflow direction so that, depending on the fragmented material, a process-optimal whirling can be set or adjusted. The flow rate is set with a pump that presses the pure process liquid into the ring line. The nozzles direct the currents on the floor towards the floor center. The fragmentation material settled or settling there is constantly stirred up and kept in suspension. Flowless areas are avoided in the entire water volume.
Die Filterpatrone ist völlig in Wasser eingetaucht. Das die Filterpatrone umgebende Gitter bestimmt mit seiner Maschenweite die größte absaugbare Korngröße. Die durch die Filterpatrone gelangende Suspension wird in der rechts im Bild angedeuteten Zentrifuge in ihren Flüssiganteil, das Prozesswasser, und ihre Festanteile aufgetrennt. Das Wasser wird über die Zuleitung zur Ringleitung in das Reaktionsgefäß, eventuell zuvor mit Frischwasser versetzt, zurückgeführt.The filter cartridge is completely immersed in water. The mesh size surrounding the filter cartridge determines the largest extractable grain size with its mesh size. The suspension passing through the filter cartridge is separated into its liquid fraction, the process water, and its solid fraction in the centrifuge indicated on the right. The water is returned via the supply line to the ring line into the reaction vessel, possibly with fresh water added beforehand.
Über den im Bild links vom Reaktionsgefaß abstehenden Stutzen wird neu zu fragmentierendes Gut nachgefüllt/-gekippt .New material to be fragmented is refilled / tipped over the nozzle protruding to the left of the reaction vessel.
Je nach Größe des Reaktionsgefäß ist es bei Wartungs- und Reparaturarbeiten eine erhebliche Erleichterung, wenn der Boden des Reaktionsgef ß abgeschraubt und über den Auslegerarm, der an der im Bild rechten Stütze drehbar lagert, weggedreht werden kann. Depending on the size of the reaction vessel, it is considerably easier for maintenance and repair work if the bottom of the reaction vessel can be unscrewed and rotated away using the extension arm, which can be rotated on the support shown on the right.

Claims

Patentansprüche : Claims:
1. Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Fragmentleranlage zum effektiveren Mahlen mineralischer und/oder spröder Materialien auf Zielkorn- großen < 5 mm, wobei die Fragmentieranlage aus einem elektrischen Energiespeicher besteht, der pulsartig in einem Reaktionsgefaß auf das Fragmentiergut in einer Prozessflussigkeit zwischen zwei sich auf Abstand gegenüberstehenden Elektrodenenden - der Reaktionszone - entladen wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das sich in der Prozessflussigkeit befindliche Fragmentiergut standig in Schwebe gehalten wird und damit eine Suspension mit der Prozessflussigkeit bildet, aus dieser Suspension der Anteil prozessierten Fragmentierguts, das die Zielkorngroße erreicht oder unterschritten hat, aus dem Reaktionsgefaß ausgetragen wird, das die Zielkorngroße überschreitende Fragmentiergut - das sind die Grobanteile - erneut der Reaktionszone zugeführt wird.1. Method for operating a fragmentation system for more effective grinding of mineral and / or brittle materials on target grain sizes of <5 mm, the fragmentation system consisting of an electrical energy store which pulsates in a reaction vessel to the fragmentation material in a process liquid between two opposing ones at a distance Electrode ends - the reaction zone - is discharged, characterized in that the fragmentation material in the process liquid is kept constantly in suspension and thus forms a suspension with the process liquid, from this suspension the proportion of processed fragmentation material that has reached or fallen below the target grain size it is discharged into the reaction vessel that the fragmented material exceeding the target grain size - these are the coarse fractions - is again fed into the reaction zone.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das im Reaktionsgefaß in der Prozessflussigkeit befindliche Fragmentiergut hydrodynamisch in Schwebe gehalten wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fragmentation material in the reaction vessel in the process liquid is kept hydrodynamically in suspension.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das im Reaktionsgefaß in der Prozessflussigkeit befindliche Fragmentiergut mechanisch m Schwebe gehalten wird.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the fragmentation material in the reaction vessel in the process liquid is mechanically suspended.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil des prozessierten Fragmentierguts, der in dem Reaktionsgefaß in etwa die Zielkorngroße erreicht oder unterschritten hat, durch AufStromklassierung ausgebracht, anschlie- ßend einer fest-flüssig-Trennung ausgesetzt wird und daraus die die Zielkorngröße überschreitenden Grobanteile m das Reaktionsgefaß zurückgeführt werden.4. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the portion of the processed fragmentation material, which in the reaction vessel has approximately reached or fallen below the target grain size, is applied by current classification, is subjected to a solid-liquid separation and from this the coarse fractions exceeding the target grain size are returned to the reaction vessel.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil des prozessierten Fragmentierguts, der in dem Reaktionsgefäß die Zielkorngröße erreicht oder unterschritten hat, durch Hydrozyklonieren ausgebracht, anschließend einer fest- flüssig-Trennung ausgesetzt wird und die die Zielkorngröße überschreitenden Grobanteile in das Reaktionsgefäß zurückgeführt werden.5. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the proportion of the processed fragmentation material, which has reached or fallen below the target grain size in the reaction vessel, is applied by hydrocycling, then subjected to a solid-liquid separation and which exceeds the target grain size Coarse fractions are returned to the reaction vessel.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Anteil des prozessierten Fragmentierguts, der in dem Reaktionsgefäß die Zielkorngroße erreicht oder unterschritten hat, durch in die Prozessflüssigkeit eingetauchte Filter ausgebracht wird und die die Zielkorngröße überschreitenden Grobanteile von der Filteroberfläche wieder in die Reaktionszone zurückgeführt werden.6. The method according to any one of claims 2 to 3, characterized in that the portion of the processed fragmentation material, which has reached or fallen below the target grain size in the reaction vessel, is discharged through filters immersed in the process liquid and the coarse parts exceeding the target grain size from the filter surface again be returned to the reaction zone.
7. Fragmentieranlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens gemäß Anspruch 1, bestehend aus: einem aufladbaren elektrischen Energiespeicher (1), einem daran angeschlossenen Elektrodenpaar (2) und (3) , dessen beide Enden sich in einer in einem Reaktionsgefäß (4) gefassten Prozessflüssigkeit auf Abstand gegenüber stehen, wobei eine der beiden Elektroden (3) auf einem Bezugspotential liegt und die andere - die Hochspannungselektrode (2) - über einen Ausgangsschalter (5) aus dem Energiespeicher (1) pulsartig mit Hochspannung beaufschlagbar ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass: an oder in dem Reaktionsgefaß eine das in der Prozessflussigkeit (6) eingebrachte Fragmentiergut in Schwebe haltende Einrichtung eingebaut ist, an oder in dem Reaktionsgefaß eine Einrichtung (7) angebracht ist, die aus der Suspension die Fragmentiergutanteile ab und unterhalb der Zielkorngroße ausleitet, einer Einrichtung zur fest- flüssig-Trennung (8) zufuhrt und Fragmentiergutanteile oberhalb dieser Zielkorngroße in das Reaktionsgefaß zurückfuhrt, mindestens eine Ruckleitung (9) für Prozessflussigkeit m das Reaktionsgefaß mundet.7. fragmentation system for carrying out the method according to claim 1, comprising: a rechargeable electrical energy store (1), a pair of electrodes (2) and (3) connected thereto, the two ends of which are spaced apart in a process liquid contained in a reaction vessel (4) face each other, one of the two electrodes (3) being at a reference potential and the other - the high-voltage electrode (2) - being able to be pulsed with high voltage via an output switch (5) from the energy store (1), characterized in that: On or in the reaction vessel, a device that holds the fragmentation material suspended in the process liquid (6) is installed; on or in the reaction vessel, a device (7) is attached, which discharges the fragments from and below the target grain size, a device for solid-liquid separation (8) and feeds fragments above this target grain size back into the reaction vessel, at least one return line (9) for process fluid m mouths the reaction vessel.
8. Fragmentleranlage nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die die Suspension aufrechterhaltende Einrichtung das in der Prozessflussigkeit befindliche Fragmentiergut ohne Bildung von Totbereichen die Suspension durch die Reaktionszone fuhrt.8. fragmentation system according to claim 7, characterized in that the device maintaining the suspension leads the fragmentation material in the process liquid without formation of dead areas, the suspension through the reaction zone.
9. Fragmentieranlage nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die die aus der Suspension die Fragmentiergutanteile ab und unterhalb der Zielkorngroße ausleitende Einrichtung das Prozessge- faß ist, welches als Aufstromklassierer ausgebildet ist.9. Fragmentation system according to claim 8, characterized in that the device which discharges the fragments from the suspension and from below the target grain size is the process vessel which is designed as an upflow classifier.
10. Fragmentleranlage nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die die aus der Suspension die Fragmentiergutanteile ab und unterhalb der Zielkorngroße ausleitende Einrichtung das Prozessge- faß ist, welches als ein Hydrozyklon ausgebildet ist.10. The fragmenter system according to claim 8, characterized in that the device which discharges the fragments from the suspension and from below the target grain size is the process vessel which is designed as a hydrocyclone.
11. Fragmentieranlage nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die die aus der Suspension die Fragmentiergutanteile ab und unterhalb der Zielkorngroße ausleitende Einrichtung mindestens ein die Zielkorngröße berücksichtigendes Filter (10) ist.11. Fragmentation system according to claim 8, characterized in that the device which discharges the fragments from and from the suspension below and below the target grain size is at least one filter (10) which takes the target grain size into account.
12. Fragmentieranlage nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Prozessflussigkeit aus der fest-flussig- Trennung durch eine oder mehrere Düsen (11) derart in das Reaktionsgefäß zurückgeführt wird, dass das Prozessgut in der Reaktionszone möglichst vollständig in Schwebe gehalten wird. 12. Fragmentation plant according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the process liquid from the solid-liquid Separation is fed back into the reaction vessel through one or more nozzles (11) in such a way that the process material in the reaction zone is kept as completely as possible in suspension.
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