Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
  • C12N1/20—Bacteria; Culture media therefor
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
  • A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
  • A61K35/74—Bacteria
  • A61K35/741—Probiotics
  • A61K35/744—Lactic acid bacteria, e.g. enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, streptococci or leuconostocs
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
  • A61K35/00—Medicinal preparations containing materials or reaction products thereof with undetermined constitution
  • A61K35/66—Microorganisms or materials therefrom
  • A61K35/74—Bacteria
  • A61K35/741—Probiotics
  • A61K35/744—Lactic acid bacteria, e.g. enterococci, pediococci, lactococci, streptococci or leuconostocs
  • A61K35/747—Lactobacilli, e.g. L. acidophilus or L. brevis
• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
  • A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
  • A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
  • A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
  • A61L15/36—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing microorganisms
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
  • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
  • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
  • C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
  • C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
  • C12N1/00—Microorganisms, e.g. protozoa; Compositions thereof; Processes of propagating, maintaining or preserving microorganisms or compositions thereof; Processes of preparing or isolating a composition containing a microorganism; Culture media therefor
  • C12N1/04—Preserving or maintaining viable microorganisms

Definitions

• the present invention refers to a film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria in a film-shaped matrix consisting of (a) polymer(s) that is non- toxic and non-irritant to a user's skin and mucous membranes.
• the invention also refers to a process for producing such a film-shaped polymer matrix and products containing it.
• the urogenital area harbors a complex microbial ecosystem comprising more than 50 different bacterial species (Hill et al, Scand. J. Urol. Nephrol. 1984;86 (suppl.) 23-29).
• the dominating species for fertile women in this area are lactic acid pro- ducing bacteria belonging to the genus Lactobacillus. These lactic acid producing members are important for retaining a healthy microbial flora in these areas, and act as probiotic bacteria with an antagonistic effect against pathogenic microbial species.
• Lactic acid producing bacteria inhibit growth and colonization by other microorganisms by occupying suitable niches for colonization, by forming biofilms and competing for available nutrients, thereby excluding colonization by harmful microorganisms.
• the production of hydrogen peroxide, specific inhibiting substances, such as bacteriocines, and organic acids (including lactic acid and acetic acid) that lower the pH inhibit colonization by other microorganisms.
• the microbial ecosystem of a healthy individual can be disturbed by the use of antibiotics, during hormonal changes, such as during pregnancy or use of contraceptives with estrogen, during menstruation, after menopause, in people suffering from diabetes etc. Also, microorganisms may spread from the anus to the urogenital area, thereby causing infections. This results in a disturbance of the normal microbial flora and leaves the individual susceptible to microbial infections that cause vagini- tis, urinary tract infections and ordinary skin infections.
• Microorganisms commonly associated with these kinds of infections belong to the genera Escherichia, Enter o- coccus, Psedomonas, Proteus, Klebsiella, Streptococcus, Staphylococcus, Gardner- ella and Candida. Women are at particular risk due to their shorter distance between the anus and the urogenital tract; specially at risk are young women, who not yet have a well developed microflora in the urogenital area and older women, who no longer have a protective flora.
• lactic acid producing bacteria can be delivered via absorbent products, such as diapers, sanitary napkins, panty liners and tampons, as de- scribed in, for example, in WO92/13577, WO97/02846, WO99/17813, WO99/45099 and WO00/35502.
• One way to partly overcome this problem in absorbent products provided with lactic acid producing bacteria has been to supply the products with the bacteria, drying said products to remove most of the moisture in them and providing the product in moisture impervious packages (WO99/17813).
• An alternative way to protect bacteria against moisture has been to disperse the bacteria in a hydrophobic substance (see e.g. US 4,518,696; WO 92/13577; WO 02/28446) which due to its hydrophobic character will prevent moisture to reach the embedded bacterial cells.
• the present inventors have surprisingly found an alternative way to protect lactic acid producing bacterial cells from moisture, thereby increasing bacterial survival during transport and storage.
• the presented solution also results in a high transfer of bacterial cells to the skin of a subject.
• the bacterial cells are embedded in a film-shaped polymer matrix which protects the bacteria from moisture thereby increasing their survival.
• the invention also relates to a process for producing such a film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria and products comprising such a film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria.
• Fig. 1 depicts an illustrative example of an absorbent product, such as a sanitary napkin, diaper, panty liner, incontinence guard and the like comprising a film- shaped polymer matrix according to the present invention.
• Fig. 2 shows a cross-section of the absorbent product depicted in Fig. 1 along the line II-II in Fig. 1.
• Fig. 3 depicts an schematic illustration of a tampon comprising a film-shaped polymer matrix according to the present invention.
• Fig. 4 shows a cross-section of the absorbent product depicted in Fig. 3 along the line IV-IV in Fig. 3.
• Fig. 5 shows the survival of lactic acid producing bacteria in film-shaped polymer matrixes according to the present invention during long term storage.
• the present invention is concerned with the problem with maintaining bacterial viability in products comprising lactic acid producing bacteria from the time for manufacturing until use of the product and obtaining a satisfactory transfer of the bacteria from the product to the user.
• a factor of major importance for increasing bacterial survival during storage is that the bacteria have to be protected from moisture.
• the present inventors have surprisingly found that embedding the lactic acid producing bacteria in a film-shaped polymer matrix results in a greatly enhanced survival of the bacterial cells during storage.
• Polymers suitable for the film-shaped polymer matrix protect the bacterial cells from moisture during storage, but are dissolved in bodily fluids and therefore release the bacterial cells when exposed to wet or moist conditions.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising the lactic acid producing bacteria according to the present inven- tion is composed of at least one polymer that is non-toxic and non-irritant to a user's skin and mucous membranes and at least one lactic acid producing bacterial strain.
• Polymers suitable for the present invention include natural hydrophilic polymers, such as polysaccharides and derivatives thereof, such as starch and cellulose (including their derivatives), proteins, hydrophilic polymers, such as synthetic hydro- philic polymers, such as acrylate-based polymers, polyethers, such as polyethylene- oxide, polyurethanes, polyamides, polyacrylnitrile, vinyl-based polymers, such as polyvinyl pyrrolidone and polyvinyl alcohol, etc..
• Preferred polymers for the present invention include, but are not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, polyethyleneoxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone and starch.
• the polymer(s) form a film-shaped matrix that embed the bacteria and thereby protect them from moisture.
• the polymers can be used alone or in different combinations.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria according to the present invention may also include additional components.
• additional components include, but are not limited to, agents protecting the bacteria during the manufacturing of the polymer film, like carbohydrates, such as maltose, sucrose, trehalose, lactose, glucose and fructose, proteins, such as skim milk and albumin, amino acids, such as Na-glutamate, polyols, such as xylitol, mannitol and sorbitol, and antioxidants, such as Na-ascorbate.
• agents protecting the bacteria during the manufacturing of the polymer film like carbohydrates, such as maltose, sucrose, trehalose, lactose, glucose and fructose, proteins, such as skim milk and albumin, amino acids, such as Na-glutamate, polyols, such as xylitol, mannitol and sorbitol, and antioxidants, such as Na-ascorbate.
• plasticizers that can be added to a polymer film comprising starch, like polyhydric alcohols, such as glycerol, polyols, sorbitol and polyvinyl alcohols, sucrose ester, such as sucrose stearate, fatty acids, such as palmitic acid, lipids based on esterified fatty acids, such as monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides, waxes and amino alcohols, such as triethanolamine and N-methyl-diethanol amine, and enzymes, such as amylase.
• polyhydric alcohols such as glycerol, polyols, sorbitol and polyvinyl alcohols
• sucrose ester such as sucrose stearate
• fatty acids such as palmitic acid
• lipids based on esterified fatty acids such as monoglycerides, diglycerides and triglycerides
• waxes and amino alcohols such as triethanolamine and N-methyl-di
• the concentration of the polymer solution is preferably between 0.1-10 (w/w) %, more preferably 0.5-7 (w/w) %, most preferably 1-2 (w/w) %.
• the thickness of the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria is preferably 50 ⁇ m-5 mm, more preferably 100 ⁇ m-1 mm and most preferably 500 ⁇ m-1 mm.
• the water activity of the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria is 0.30 or below, preferably 0.25 or below and most preferably 0.20 or below during at least 3 months storage at 23°C and 50% relative humidity.
• the number of lactic acid producing bacteria in the film-shaped polymer matrix ac- cording to the present invention is preferably 10 7 -TO 14 CFU/g film, more preferably 10 9 -10 12 CFU /g film.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix preferably dissolves as rapidly as possible when ex- posed to moist or wet conditions and in either case within 6 hours, preferably within 4 hours.
• Lactic acid producing bacteria are chosen for the present invention due to their positive effect in preventing and treating microbial infection in the urogenital area and on the skin.
• the bacteria are preferably isolated from the natural flora of a healthy person, preferably the bacteria are isolated from the skin or urogenital area.
• Preferred "lactic acid producing bacteria" for the object of the present invention include bacteria from the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus and Pediococcus.
• the selected bacteria are from the species Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus curvatus or Lactobacillus plantarum.
• the bacterial strain is selected from Lactobacillus plantarum.
• the lactic acid producing bacterium is Lactobacillus plantarum 931 (deposition No. (DSMZ): 11918).
• the lactic acid producing bacteria can be provided alone or in mixtures containing at least two bacterial strains.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria is preferably laminated with a water-vapor barrier-material. Thereby the survival of the bacterial cells is further increased during storage.
• Lamination of a film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria according to the present invention also gives a mechanically stronger film, that can stand harsher treatment during transport and storage.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria can be laminated on one or both sides. In case the film-shaped polymer matrix is laminated on both sides, the same laminate composition does not have to be used on both sides.
• Examples of materials suitable to use for a laminate include, but are not limited to, waxes, wax paper, aluminum foil, polyethylene films, ethylene copoly- mer, and coextruded films, such as Suranex (Dow Chemical Company, Reinmuen- ster, Germany).
• the lamination could be performed using coextrusion technique or by running the film-shaped polymer matrices through rolling, slightly heated cylinders.
• weak adhesives could be used to bond the film-shaped polymer matrix and laminate together.
• Ultrasonic techniques could also be used for bonding the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria and laminate together.
• Suitable laminate materials have a water vapor transmission rate of, measured according to ASTME 398-83 at 37.8 °C (100°F) and 90% relative humidity (RH), 10 g/m 2 /24 h or below, more preferably 5 g/m 2 /24 h or below, most preferably 2 g/m 2 /24 h or below.
• the water-vapor barrier-material is to be removed before use of the product comprising the film-shaped polymer matrix.
• the manufacturing processes for preparing film-shaped polymer matrixes comprising lactic acid producing bacteria involves preparing an aqueous solution of (a) polymer(s) by dissolving the polymer(s) in water, dispersing the bacteria in the aqueous solution of (a) polymer(s) and subsequently drying the dispersion of dissolved polymer and lactic acid producing bacteria on an inert surface at a temperature below 50°C.
• additional components can be added to the polymer solution, either before or after dispersion of the bacteria in the aqueous solution of polymer(s).
• the aqueous solution of polymer can comprise one or more polymers.
• the polymer solution comprising the lactic acid producing bacte- ria is typically casted onto an inert surface, which can be a laminate material or other inert surface, such as the surface of a hygiene product, using a doctor's blade set to a predetermined width.
• the casted film-shaped polymer matrices are solidified as the solvent is rapidly evaporated.
• the evaporation could take place in ambient air, an oven, on a heated roll, by convective drying means or on a surface exposed to IR- radiation.
• Preferred temperature intervals during evaporation when heated roll or convective drying methods are used are 5-50°C, more preferably 20-40°C and most preferably 30-37°C.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria can be laminated as described above.
• the specific growth conditions, harvest conditions and suitable additional compo- nents for the lactic acid producing bacteria has to be optimized for each specific strain in order to ensure a high survival of the bacteria during manufacturing and storage of the film-shaped polymer matrix.
• the skilled person is familiar with such optimizations.
• the lactic acid producing bacteria added to the polymer solution can either be freshly prepared or a frozen or dried preparation. Preferably freshly pre- pared bacterial preparations are used for the present invention.
• the dispersion of polymer and lactic acid producing bacteria which can be used for producing a film-shaped polymer matrix according to the present invention could also be directly casted or sprayed onto a material, or a material can be dipped in the dispersion of polymer and lactic acid producing bacteria, which after drying is a part of a product, such as a hygiene product.
• starch When starch is used for manufacturing of the film-shaped polymer matrix the starch has to be gelatinized before use.
• One way this might be performed is by heating a suspension of the starch (grains or granules) in water at a temperature of approxi- mately 90-100°C for 30-60 min. Before addition of the bacteria to the gelatinized starch, the suspension is cooled to 37°C or less.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria according to the present invention is preferably added to hygiene products, such as hygiene tissues, incontinence guards, diaper, panty liners, tampons, sanitary napkins etc., in which the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria, when exposed to moisture and wet conditions, result in dissolution of the film- shaped polymer matrix and transfer of the lactic acid producing bacteria to the skin and/or the urogenital area.
• hygiene products such as hygiene tissues, incontinence guards, diaper, panty liners, tampons, sanitary napkins etc.
• hygiene tissue is meant any device for wiping skin, for instance, a washcloth, patch, towelette, napkin, wetwipe, and the like.
• the hygiene tissue provided can be composed of a matrix comprising any natural or synthetic fiber, such as rayon, cellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyester, polyolefine fibers, textile and the like, or foam, nonwoven, felt or batting, or combinations thereof.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising the lactic acid producing bacteria is applied to the hygiene tissue by dipping the tissue in a dispersion of polymer and lactic acid producing bacteria which can be used for producing a film-shaped polymer matrix before drying of the hygiene tissue.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria according to the present invention is, as described above, particularly suitable for application to absorbent products, such as sanitary napkins, panty-liners, diapers, tampons, incontinence guards etc, since these products provide a convenient means for deliv- ery of lactic acid producing bacteria to the urogenital area.
• absorbent products according to the invention are preferably composed of a liquid permeable casing sheet, a liquid impermeable backing sheet, an absorbent layer, comprised of one or more layers, placed between said upper layer and said back sheet and optionally a device for adherence.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix according to the present in- vention is preferably placed on the permeable casing sheet, but can also be placed inside this.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria according to the present invention can be provided separately and placed on the absorbent product by the users before use.
• the number of probi- otic bacteria in an absorbent product according to the present invention is 10 7 -10 14 CFU, preferably 10 8 -i ⁇ n CFU, most preferably 10 9 -10 10 CFU.
• the absorbent product 1 shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2 (cross-section of the absorbent product depicted in Fig. 1 along the line II-II in Fig. 1) includes a liquid-permeable casing sheet or top sheet 2 disposed on that side of the absorbent product which is intended to lie proximal to the wearer in use.
• the liquid-permeable casing sheet 2 will conveniently consist in a somewhat soft, skin-friendly material. Different types of non-woven material are examples of suitable liquid-permeable materials.
• Other casing sheet materials that can be used are perforated plastic films, net, knitted, crocheted or woven textiles, and combinations and laminates of the aforesaid types of material.
• the absorbent product 1 also includes a liquid-impermeable casing sheet or backing sheet 3, disposed on that side of the napkin 1 distal from the wearer in use.
• the liquid-impermeable casing sheet 3 is conventionally comprised of thin plastic film.
• a liquid-permeable material that has been rendered impermeable to liquid in some way or another.
• the liquid-permeable material may be coated with a glue that is impermeable to liquid, and the liquid- permeable layer laminated with a liquid-impermeable material, or hot-calendering a material that was initially liquid-permeable, such as to melt down the surface of the material and therewith obtain a liquid-impermeable layer.
• the liquid-impermeable casing sheet 3 may beneficially be vapor permeable.
• the two casing sheets 2, 3 form a joining edge 4 that projects outwardly around the napkin contour line, and are mutually joined at this edge.
• the sheets may be joined together by means of any appropriate conventional technique, such as gluing, weld- ing or sewing.
• the absorption core 5 sandwiched between the casing sheets 2, 3 shall constitute the layer capable of receiving and storing essentially all liquid discharged by the wearer.
• the absorption core 5 may, for instance, be produced from cellulose pulp. This pulp may exist in rolls, bales or sheets that are dry-defibred and converted in a fluffed state to a pulp mat, sometimes with an admixture of superabsorbents, which are polymers capable of absorbing several times their own weight of water or body liquid (fluid). Examples of other usable materials are different types of foamed materials known, for instance, from SE 9903070-2, natural fibers, such as cotton fibers, peat, or the like.
• Patent Application SE 9903070-2 describes a compressed foam material of regenerated cellulose, e.g. viscose. Such foam material will preferably have a density of 0.1 to 2.0 g/cm 3 .
• the absorbent material may also contain other components, such as foam-stabilizing means, liquid- dispersing means, or a binder, such as thermoplastic fibers, for instance, which have been heat-treated to hold short fibers and particles together so as to form a coherent unit.
• a fastener means 6 in the form of an elongate rectangular region of self-adhesive is provided on the surface of the liquid-impermeable casing sheet 3 that lies distal from the wearer in use.
• the fastener means 6 extends over the major part of the liquid-impermeable casing sheet 3.
• the invention is not restricted to the extension of the fastener means 6, and said means may have the form of elongate stripes, transverse regions, dots, circles, or other patterns and configurations. Neither is the in- vention restricted to the use of solely adhesive fastener means, since friction fasteners may be used and other types of mechanical fasteners, such as press studs, clips, girdles, pants or the like may be used when found suitable to do so.
• an adhesive fastener means is used this is commonly protected, by a protective layer 9, from adhering to other surfaces prior use, which would destroy the fastener means.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria according to the present invention when used in an absorbent product, is arranged onto or directly beneath the liquid-permeable casing sheet 2.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria is placed in such a way that the film-shaped polymer matrix does not cover the entire surface of the absorbent product. In this way the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria does not interfere with absorption of bodily fluids (such as blood, urine, secretion etc.) by the absorbent product.
• a carrier in the form of a net or loose non-woven sheet, dipped in a dispersion of polymer and lactic acid producing bacteria which can be used for producing a film-shaped polymer matrix according to the present invention may also be arranged onto or directly beneath the liquid-permeable casing sheet.
• Fig. 1 and 2 one way to place the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria is exemplified, wherein the film-shaped polymer matrix is placed in strings 8.
• a tampon comprising the film- shaped polymer matrix
• Fig. 3 and 4 depict a schematic exemplary drawing of a tampon 10 comprising a film-shaped polymer matrix 13 according to the present invention, wherein the film-shaped polymer matrix 13 is arranged onto the casing sheet 11. Also depicted is the absorbent core 12.
• the embedding of lactic acid producing bacteria in a film-shaped polymer matrix according to the present invention is also suitable for increasing the survival of the bacteria in pharaiaceutical preparations and in the food industry.
• a film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria according to the present invention have several advantages. When freeze-dried bacteria or suspensions of bacteria are added directly to a hygiene product, the product have to be dried in order for the inherent moisture content in the product not to affect bacterial survival negatively. This is both a complicated process, since the whole product has to be dried, but drying of the hygiene product can also result in a lowered initial absorption of bodily fluids as some residual moisture facilitates initial absorption.
• a film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria can also be prefabricated and later placed on many different products, such as hygiene products etc. without any special adaptations for the different products. Also, the production of products comprising bacteria requires special hygiene requirements at the manufacturing plant. Costs can therefore be reduced by producing the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria at another location.
• Using a film-shaped polymer matrix in order to protect lactic acid producing bacte- ria from moisture leads to high stability at common temperatures during transport and storage, since the film structure in itself is very insensitive to temperature variations. Also, the dryness of the bacterial cells in the dry film-shaped polymer matrix renders the bacteria more heat tolerant.
• the preparation of a film-shaped polymer matrix is more gentle to the lactic acid producing bacteria, compared to for example extrusion or spraying that is often used when the bacteria are mixed with hydrophobic substances.
• a film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria is also advantageous in terms of efficacy of transfer of the bacteria to the skin.
• the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria dissolves, fragments of the film-shaped polymer matrix may be transferred to the skin where they dissolve further. Thereby the film fragments act as a vehicle for transfer of the bacteria. Also, the use of a film-shaped polymer matrix ensures that the bacte- ria are kept in the outer layers of the hygiene product, thereby ensuring a high transfer rate. When the film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria is applied to a hygiene product, transfer rates can also be optimized by the choice of commonly used surface materials.
• the present invention therefore solves many of the problems associated with providing products comprising lactic acid producing bacteria. Below the present invention is further described by illustrative but non-limiting examples.
• Example 1 Production of a film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria
• An aqueous polymer solution with a concentration of 0.1-10 % by weight is prepared by dissolving polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl pyrrolidone, polyvinyl alcohol or starch in water.
• One part of bacterial suspension (ca 10 10 CFU/ml, BioNativ AB, Box 7979, 907 19 Umea, Sweden) comprising Lactobacillus plantarum 931 (deposition No. (DSMZ): 11918) is mixed with 9 parts of the polymer solution for 5 minutes.
• the mixture is poured into small petri-dishes in a quantity that ensures the right thickness and an amount of bacteria of approximately 10 9 cfu/film-shaped polymer matrix.
• the resulting film-shaped polymer matrix comprising lactic acid producing bacteria has a thickness of preferably 50 ⁇ m-5 mm, more preferably 100 ⁇ m-1 mm and most preferably 500 ⁇ m-1 mm.
• the petri dish is placed in a climate chamber at a temperature of 37°C and with as low relative humidity as possible (10% or below), whereby the water evaporates and the film-shaped polymer matrix solidifies and the bacteria are immobilized in the film-shaped polymer matrix.
• the water activity of the film-shaped polymer matrixes comprising lactic acid producing bacteria is measured using an a w -instrument; DD401102 Aqualab Serie 3TE (ADAB Analytical Devices AB, Sweden).
• the film-shaped polymer matrix is placed in a climate chamber at 23 °C and 50% relative humidity.
• the survival of the bacteria is tested in a film-shaped polymer matrix according Example 1 furthermore coated with Caremelt (a mixture of waxes, CogniSj Henkel KgaA, Dusseldorf, Germany).
• Caremelt a mixture of waxes, CogniSj Henkel KgaA, Dusseldorf, Germany.
• the survival of the bacteria in the film-shaped polymer matrix is tested at predetermined intervals during several months (see below).
• the film is placed in a petri-dish, immersed with 20 ml of NaCl (0,85%) and put on a shaking-device. After 40 minutes the film-shaped polymer matrix is dissolved and the survival of the bacteria is determined by counting the number of colony forming units (CFU) by standard spread-plate techniques and cultivation on MRS agar (2 days of incubation at 37°C). The results are presented in Fig. 5, wherein PVP is polyvinyl pyrrolidone.
• Film-shaped polymer matrixes comprising lactic acid producing bacteria are produced as described in Example 1. About 1 cm 2 of film-shaped polymer matrix are cut out, weighted and placed on the nonwoven top-layer of a panty-liner specimen (a circle 2.5 cm in diameter, punched out of an absorbent product).
• 100 ⁇ l of NaCl are added to the absorbent product, comprising the film-shaped polymer matrix with bacteria, with a pipette, and the specimen is subsequently mounted, with constant pressure (elastic tape, and elastic bandage), on to the forearm of volunteers. After 2 hours the product is removed and the number of trans- ferred Lactobacilli on the skin measured.
• a sterile stainless-steel cylinder (2.6 cm in diameter, height 2 cm) is held tight to the skin (that has been covered with the specimen), and 1 ml of phosphate buffer (0.1M, pH 7.2) is poured into the cylinder. With a smooth glass-stick the skin is gently "kneaded" for 1 minute.
• the buffer is collected with a pipette and CFU measured with spread- plate technique and MRS agar.
• the percentage of transferred LactobacilU is calculated by dividing the number of CFU collected from the skin area covered by the specimen with the total number of CFU in the film-shaped polymer matrix on the test specimen.
• the number of LactobacilU initially present on the skin at the sample site is very low, especially in respect of the number of L. plantarum 931 transferred to the skin. Therefore the number of LactobacilU detected on the skin after the transfer test are considered to be a result of transfer from the specimen comprising L. plantarum 931.
• a panty liner with a dry bacterial preparation not embedded in a film-shaped polymer matrix was used.
• Table 1 the percentage of bacteria transferred to the skin from an absorbent product was enhanced using a film-shaped polymer matrix according to the present invention.
• PVOH Polyvinyl alcohol

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