EP1646732B1 - Cast iron material - Google Patents

Cast iron material Download PDF

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EP1646732B1
EP1646732B1 EP04741074A EP04741074A EP1646732B1 EP 1646732 B1 EP1646732 B1 EP 1646732B1 EP 04741074 A EP04741074 A EP 04741074A EP 04741074 A EP04741074 A EP 04741074A EP 1646732 B1 EP1646732 B1 EP 1646732B1
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content
cast iron
weight
iron material
material according
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1646732A1 (en
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Milan LAMPIC-OPLÄNDER
Jörg BILLASCH
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Fritz Winter Eisengiesserei GmbH and Co KG
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Fritz Winter Eisengiesserei GmbH and Co KG
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C37/00—Cast-iron alloys

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cast iron material with lamellar graphite, which is particularly suitable for the manufacture of brake discs, engine blocks lighter and heavier design and cylinder heads.
  • cast iron with lamellar graphite (gray cast iron) is a popular construction material. Therefore, from cast iron materials of the type in question are typically cast blocks for internal combustion engines.
  • the high tensile strength requirements can be met in principle by reducing the carbon and silicon content or degree of saturation and by alloying Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn or Mo up to a total content of the alloyed elements of up to about 2%. Also, the resistance to the thermo-mechanical fatigue can be set sufficiently high in this way.
  • the requirement for a high thermal conductivity is by no means to be fulfilled by reducing the carbon and silicon content or the degree of saturation or alloying with certain alloying elements, since the thermal conductivity of gray cast iron is known to be a function of the amount of graphite contained in the casting and decreases with decreasing quantities of graphite , In principle, the alloyed elements also lead to a decrease in the thermal conductivity.
  • the (in wt .-%) 3.5 - 3.7% C, 0.9 - 1.1% Si, up to 1% Mn and non-sulfur-bonded lanthanum with a 0.02-0.05% and optionally 0.3-0.6% Cr, 0.1-1.0% Cu, 0.3-0.6% Mo and 0.02-0.05 % Ti may contain.
  • the addition of lanthanum to the known material was carried out with the aim of increasing the hardness of the material and to effect a tribological behavior improving grain refinement.
  • a lamellar graphite cast iron material is from the EP 1 004 789 A1 known.
  • This material is used for the production of brake discs, which are characterized by an increased service life.
  • brake discs which are characterized by an increased service life.
  • For this purpose are in the from the EP 1 004 789 A1 known casting material in wt .-% 3.9 - 4.2% C, 0.7 - 1.2% Si, up to 0.02% P, up to 0.02% S and up to 0.05% A1 contain.
  • contents of Mn, V, Cu and Cr may be contained in the known material, wherein the total proportion of these alloying elements should not exceed 1.6%.
  • a brake disk made of such a material is characterized by a particularly high thermal conductivity with good toughness.
  • the known alloy has been tested on an embodiment containing (in wt%) 4.1% C, 1.0% Si, 0.02% P, 0.03% S, 0.3% Mn, 0 , 01% V, 0.4% Cu, 0.3% Mo and 0.015% A1.
  • the object of the invention to provide an alloy concept, which allows a simple way to set for a wide range of products by varying the contents of the respective alloy components each optimal properties.
  • the invention provides a Fe-C-Si-X casting alloy which has, in particular, a property combination optimized both in terms of strength and thermal conductivity and castability, and in which there is a risk of creeping decrease in good properties occurring in the practical casting operation Minimum is reduced.
  • Inventive iron casting material is largely free of unwanted or unnecessary elements and by-products.
  • the sulfur and oxygen contents are such that they no longer have a disruptive effect on the properties of the iron material. This ensures that the iron grid is cleaned and contains sufficient free capacity to absorb required foreign atoms.
  • minimum levels of oxygen and sulfur are prescribed because both elements serve as building blocks for the formation of nuclei.
  • the contents of carbon and silicon are dimensioned such that the eutectic amount of graphite% MEG remains high even with a comparatively wide variation of the degree of saturation S c .
  • the amount of eutectic graphite% MEG present in casting material according to the invention far exceeds that of normal cast iron. Its% MEG value is usually only about 1.85 wt .-%. In the casting material according to the invention thus a 10% to 20% higher volume fraction available. This excess is a decisive advantage of the cast iron material according to the invention over conventional ferrous material.
  • material according to the invention has a clearly superior infeed capacity for the purpose of compensating for the shrinkage of the iron by expanding the graphite over conventional cast material. This feature leads to a significant increase in reliability in the practical casting operation, with which high quality casting products are produced.
  • the reducing melt treatment by seeding should be strictly according to the respective level of the contents of oxygen and / or sulfur.
  • the invention provides elements whose atomic radius does not differ too much from that of iron. Preferably, the deviation is up to max. 2%.
  • the alloying elements should not be strong carbide formers and should not segregate directly. According to the invention, it is therefore envisaged to alloy the iron material to adjust its respectively required properties, if necessary, copper, nickel, manganese or molybdenum. Also, tin may be added for this purpose, the atomic radius of which is up to 50% greater than that of the iron.
  • the inventive cast iron material contains copper in amounts of from 0.4% to 0.6% by weight to promote the formation of the perlite without adversely affecting the desired high graphitization.
  • Another positive effect of the presence of Cu is that be formed at this element Seigerungscardien.
  • lighter castings such as lightweight engine blocks, it has proven advantageous to narrow the range of Cu contents to 0.45-0.55 in order to achieve these effects.
  • the alloy according to the invention may also contain nickel in amounts of 0.05-0.8% by weight, preferably 0.05-0.7% by weight. Nitrogen levels of 0.05-0.08% by weight may also be provided in combination with Ni or alone. Both alloying elements ensure that high strength of the finished casting is maintained even in partial Perlitzerfall. Therefore, in the iron material of the present invention, Ni and N are preferably present in combination or individually particularly when castings are produced which, due to their shape or mass, cool slowly with the danger of perlite disintegration. The rule should be that the contents of Ni and / or N are higher, the larger the modulus of the respective casting.
  • module here refers to the ratio of the casting volume to the heat-emitting surface, for which "cm” is usually used as the unit of measure.
  • Mn in the range of 0.4% to 0.7% by weight also aid in perlite formation.
  • manganese is also added, in particular, to form segregation directions of manganese.
  • the Mn contents can be limited to the range of 0.45 - 0.65 wt% to achieve this effect.
  • the maximum level of phosphorus is limited to 0.04 wt% to minimize the formation of phosphide eutectic that would be detrimental to the toughness of the material.
  • the sulfur content is therefore limited to a maximum of 0.04 wt .-% to avoid sulfide formations for this reason.
  • the contents provided for by the invention are at least 0.01% by weight of nucleation, resulting in finely divided oxysulfides.
  • Ce the higher the respective S content, the higher should be the Ce content.
  • the oxysulfides formed by cerium in conjunction with sulfur promote graphitization and increase the strength and hardness of the material without degrading the toughness of the material.
  • Mo can be added to the cast iron material according to the invention in amounts of 0.15% by weight to 0.45% by weight, in order to block dislocation movements under thermal stress by diffusion from the iron grid and thereby prevent the initiation of cracking.
  • the safety with which the properties of the material according to the invention which result from the addition of Mo can be increased can be increased by limiting the upper limit of the Mo content to 0.35% by weight or the lower limit to 0.2 Wt .-% is raised.
  • Tin contents which are from 0.05% to 0.15% by weight, result in the formation of a microsegregation zone around the graphite lamellae with prolonged residence time of the casting in the mold and prevent diffusion of carbon from the graphite into the graphite lamella basic matrix.
  • strontium favors the nucleation and expression of a favorable structure in terms of the desired properties.
  • at least 0.0005% by weight of Sr is required.
  • levels of more than 0.01% by weight on the other hand, no positive effect can be detected.
  • a particularly beneficial effect is found when Sr is present at levels of 0.0005 to 0.002 wt%.
  • Levels of lanthanum in the range of 0.005-0.02% by weight have a favorable effect on the castability of the casting alloy according to the invention and promote the hardness of the material and its tribological behavior by effecting grain refining.
  • Vanadium is added to the alloy of the invention if necessary to increase the hardness and tensile strength of the material. Vanadium alloys the cementite of perlite and results in the formation of shorter, rounded lamellae of lamellar graphite with the result that hardness and toughness increase. If vanadium is added to an alloy according to the invention for this purpose, this can be done depending on the modulus of the respective component in order to achieve the desired success safely. The content of V should increase with increasing thickness.
  • a variant of the alloy according to the invention which is particularly suitable for the production of brake disks is characterized in that its carbon contents are in the range of 3.8-4.1% by weight.
  • the relatively high carbon content results in strengths ranging from 150 to 200 MPa.
  • castings produced from the alloys composed in this way have a high thermal conductivity with equally high toughness.
  • the silicon content is for the same purpose preferably in the range of 0.9 to 1.2 wt .-%.
  • the Si content of the alloy is 1.15-1.4% by weight, in particular 1.2-1.4% by weight, in order to reduce the risk of reoxidation during casting to counteract at reduced C contents.
  • oxygen content of a cast iron alloy according to the invention is important.
  • the speed and extent of nucleation controlled For example, an increase in oxygen content leads to rapid particle growth, while lower oxygen levels result in lower growth. These effects are achieved at O 2 contents ranging from 30 to 70 ppm.
  • brake disks or components of comparable design are produced from the alloy according to the invention, optimum structures can be achieved by way of the oxygen content in such a way that the oxygen contents are limited to 30 to 40 ppm.
  • high O 2 contents of 50 to 70 ppm have been found to be favorable because they favor rapid grain growth within the short cooling time.
  • optimized microstructural properties are achieved when the O 2 content is 40 to 60 ppm.
  • an optimized grain growth based on the properties required of these components is achieved when the O 2 content of the inventive alloy is in the range of 30 to 50 ppm.
  • the high tensile strengths of a casting material according to the invention can be ensured particularly reliably in that more than 50% of the oxygen contained in the cast iron material according to the invention is present in an oxide species whose starting temperature for the reduction with oxygen is above 1,700 K.
  • cast iron material according to the invention also has good corrosion resistance. Due to this special combination of properties, cast iron material according to the invention is particularly suitable for producing brake disks as well as engine blocks or cylinder heads for internal combustion engines.
  • the high tensile strengths in combination with the good castability, machinability and high thermal conductivity make the material according to the invention particularly suitable for use as a material for the production of blocks for modern diesel engines, in which it in the course of the combustion process to extremely high pressure loads comes in the area of the combustion chamber.
  • the truck brake discs cast from the alloys indicated in Table 1a consistently have tensile strengths in the range of 160 to 230 MPa.
  • the hardness values are in the range of 147 to 220, so that the brake discs have not only high strength, but also a good wear resistance.
  • they have excellent thermal conductivity so that they can safely absorb and dissipate the forces acting on them even under high loads.
  • Table 2a shows the contents of C, Si, S, Mn, Cu, V, Mo, Sn and Ni for alloys D1-D5 of cast iron materials according to the invention, from which thin-walled car engine blocks with a 0.7-0.8 cm amounting module have been poured.
  • the respective alloys D1-D6 each contained 60 ppm by weight of O 2 and 0.01% by weight of La.
  • Table 2b contains the associated values% MEG, SC, the tensile strength Rm and the Brinell hardness HB averaged over different measuring locations as well as an evaluation of the microstructure.
  • Table 3a shows the contents of C, Si, S, Mn, Cu, V, Mo, Sn and Ni for alloys Z1-Z6 of cast iron materials according to the invention, from which 100 kg (alloys Z1-Z4) and 400 kg (alloys Z5, Z6) heavy cylinder heads have been cast.
  • the module of the 100 kg cylinder heads was between 2.5 - 3 cm, while the module of the 400 kg cylinder heads was 1 cm.
  • the respective alloys Z1-Z6 each contained 40 ppm by weight of O 2 and 0.01% by weight of La.
  • Table 3b contains the associated values% MEG and SC, the tensile strength Rm and the Brinell hardness HB and an evaluation of the microstructure.
  • the invention thus provides a cast iron material which has a superior property spectrum which can be varied over a wide range.
  • the material according to the invention is characterized by a particularly good machinability. Its high tensile strength makes it possible to produce known cast constructions, which have heretofore only been produced from conventional gray cast iron, with higher strengths, without the need for complicated redesigns.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Braking Arrangements (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Eisengusswerkstoff mit Lamellengraphit, der insbesondere zum Herstellen von Bremsscheiben, Motorblöcken leichter und schwerer Bauart sowie von Zylinderköpfen geeignet ist.The invention relates to a cast iron material with lamellar graphite, which is particularly suitable for the manufacture of brake discs, engine blocks lighter and heavier design and cylinder heads.

Aufgrund seiner guter Zerspanbarkeit und sehr günstiger Gießeigenschaften bei geringem Risiko für das Auftreten verdeckter Fehler ist Gusseisen mit Lamellengraphit (Grauguss) ein beliebter Konstruktionswerkstoff. Daher werden aus Eisengusswerkstoffen der in Rede stehenden Art typischerweise Blöcke für Verbrennungsmotoren gegossen.Due to its good machinability and very favorable casting properties with low risk of the occurrence of hidden defects, cast iron with lamellar graphite (gray cast iron) is a popular construction material. Therefore, from cast iron materials of the type in question are typically cast blocks for internal combustion engines.

Die bereits heute an die Zugfestigkeit des Werkstoffes gestellten Anforderungen haben allerdings die Grenzen der problemlosen Anwendbarkeit von herkömmlichem Grauguss erreicht. Dies ist darin begründet, dass einerseits gesteigerte Leistungen, z.B. beim Guss von Verbrennungsmotoren, gefordert werden und andererseits der Leichtbau ein zentrales Ziel moderner Gusskonstruktionen ist. Erschwerend kommt hinzu, dass von den Anwendern nicht nur höhere Zugfestigkeit von in der Regel mehr als 300 MPa, sondern auch eine Optimierung anderer Eigenschaften, wie z.B. hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit, hoher Widerstand gegen thermomechanische Ermüdung und hohe Beständigkeit gegen Reib- und Gleitverschleiß, gefordert werden. Darüber hinaus unterliegt die Qualität des Gussergebnisses strengen Prüfungen.However, the demands placed on the tensile strength of the material today have reached the limits of the ease with which conventional gray cast iron can be used. This is due to the fact that, on the one hand, increased performance is required, for example in the casting of internal combustion engines, and on the other hand, lightweight construction is a central goal of modern casting designs. To make matters worse, that users are required not only higher tensile strength of generally more than 300 MPa, but also an optimization of other properties, such as high thermal conductivity, high resistance to thermo-mechanical fatigue and high resistance to frictional and sliding wear. In addition, the quality of the casting result is subject to strict tests.

Die Forderungen bezüglich hoher Zugfestigkeiten können durch Verringerung des Kohlenstoff- und Siliziumgehaltes bzw. des Sättigungsgrades sowie durch Legieren von Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn oder Mo bis zu einem Gesamtgehalt der zulegierten Elemente von bis zu etwa 2 % grundsätzlich erfüllt werden. Auch der Widerstand gegen die thermomechanische Ermüdung lässt sich auf diese Weise hinreichend hoch einstellen.The high tensile strength requirements can be met in principle by reducing the carbon and silicon content or degree of saturation and by alloying Cr, Cu, Ni, Mn or Mo up to a total content of the alloyed elements of up to about 2%. Also, the resistance to the thermo-mechanical fatigue can be set sufficiently high in this way.

Allerdings führen die genannten Maßnahmen zu einer erheblichen Verminderung der Gießbarkeit und des Eigenspeisungsvermögens des verarbeiteten Eisengusswerkstoffs. Das Risiko der Entstehung verdeckter Fehler und teilcarbidischer Erstarrung (Kantenhärte) steigt. Gleichzeitig wird die Zerspanbarkeit des Werkstoffs erheblich verschlechtert. Daher müssen bei einer industriellen Produktion für die mit den genannten Maßnahmen erzielte Steigerung der Zugfestigkeit und des Widerstands gegen thermomechanische Ermüdung Ausschussraten von bis zu 30 % in Kauf genommen werden.However, the measures mentioned lead to a considerable reduction in the pourability and the self-feeding capacity of the processed cast iron material. The risk of formation of hidden defects and partial carbidic solidification (edge hardness) increases. At the same time, the machinability of the material is considerably worsened. Therefore, in industrial production, scrap rates of up to 30% must be accepted for the increase in tensile strength and resistance to thermo-mechanical fatigue achieved with the above measures.

Die Forderung nach einer hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit ist durch die Herabsetzung des Kohlenstoff- und Siliziumgehaltes bzw. des Sättigungsgrades oder ein Legieren mit bestimmten Legierungselementen jedoch keineswegs zu erfüllen, da die Wärmeleitfähigkeit von Grauguss bekanntermaßen eine Funktion der im Guss enthaltenen Graphitmenge ist und mit kleiner werdenden Graphitmengen abnimmt. Auch die zulegierten Elemente führen grundsätzlich zu einem Absinken der Wärmeleitfähigkeit.However, the requirement for a high thermal conductivity is by no means to be fulfilled by reducing the carbon and silicon content or the degree of saturation or alloying with certain alloying elements, since the thermal conductivity of gray cast iron is known to be a function of the amount of graphite contained in the casting and decreases with decreasing quantities of graphite , In principle, the alloyed elements also lead to a decrease in the thermal conductivity.

Letzteres macht sich insbesondere bemerkbar, wenn aus einem entsprechend legierten, relativ hohe Festigkeiten aufweisenden Werkstoff leistungsfähige Bremsscheiben gegossen werden sollen.The latter is particularly noticeable when efficient brake discs are to be cast from a corresponding alloyed, relatively high strength materials.

Das Legieren mit carbidbildenden Elementen wie Cr und Mo führt aufgrund des Seigerungsverhaltens dieser Elemente selbst dann zu einer Bildung von unerwünschten komplexen Carbiden, wenn es innerhalb theoretischer Grenzen für die Löslichkeit dieser Elemente geschieht (Daumenregel: Atomradius des jeweiligen Elements < 1,15 x Atomradius Fe). Dies hat neben der Tatsache, dass es sich bei diesen Carbiden um "Abfallprodukte" mit negativen Auswirkungen auf die Zerspanbarkeit handelt, den grundsätzlichen Nachteil, dass es dann, wenn im Gießbetrieb anfallendes Gussmaterial im Kreislauf wieder verwendet wird, zu einer Steigerung der Entropie im Gesamtsystem des Kreislaufs kommt.Alloying with carbide-forming elements such as Cr and Mo results in the formation of undesired complex carbides due to the segregation behavior of these elements, even if it is within theoretical limits for the solubility of these elements (rule of thumb: atomic radius of the respective element <1.15 x atomic radius Fe ). In addition to the fact that these carbides are "waste products" with negative effects on the machinability, this has the fundamental disadvantage that when casting material occurring in the casting operation is reused in the cycle, it increases the entropy in the overall system the cycle is coming.

Beim Wiederverwenden des im Kreislauf wieder eingesetzten Materials werden nämlich die Carbide in der Regel nicht vollständig zerstört. Stattdessen bleiben sie als so genannte Cluster erhalten, die beim Erstarren wieder Carbide bilden. In Folge des erneuten Legierens mit der jeweils vorgeschriebenen Menge an Chrom und Molybdän werden dann wieder neue Carbide gebildet. Im Ergebnis führt dieser Prozess der Anreicherung des verarbeiteten Gusswerkstoffs mit Carbiden zur langsamen, jedoch unvermeidlichen Zunahme an nicht nutzbarem Chrom und Molybdän, welche in einem schleichend eintretenden Verfall der Eigenschaften des Gusswerkstoffs mündet. Infolgedessen, dass die geseigerten Elemente die Temperaturlage des eutektischen Gleichgewichts im System Fe-C-X unterschiedlich beeinflussen und die in der Schmelze ebenfalls vorhandenen, inaktiven nichtmetallischen Phasen ebenfalls dem Prozess der schleichenden Zunahme unterworfen sind, kann es im Extremfall im Gussbetrieb zu dem als "umgekehrten Hartguss" gefürchteten Gießfehler kommen.In fact, when reusing the recycled material, the carbides are generally not completely destroyed. Instead, they remain as so-called clusters, which form carbides again when solidifying. As a result of re-alloying with the respectively prescribed amount of chromium and molybdenum new carbides are then formed again. As a result, this process of enriching the processed cast material with carbides leads to the slow but unavoidable increase in unusable chromium and molybdenum, which results in a gradual deterioration of the properties of the cast material. Due to the fact that the selected elements influence the temperature position of the eutectic equilibrium differently in the Fe-CX system and the inactive nonmetallic phases also present in the melt are also subjected to the process of gradual increase, it can in extreme cases be found in the casting operation as "reverse chill "dreaded casting defects come.

Neben dem voranstehend erläuterten Stand der Technik ist aus der EP 1 213 071 A2 ein Eisengusswerkstoff für die Herstellung von Nockenwellen bekannt, der (in Gew.-%) 3,5 - 3,7 % C, 0,9 - 1,1 % Si, bis zu 1 % Mn sowie nicht an Schwefel gebundenes Lanthan mit einem Anteil von 0,02 - 0,05 % aufweist und wahlweise 0,3 - 0,6 % Cr, 0,1 - 1,0 % Cu, 0,3 - 0,6 % Mo und 0,02 - 0,05 % Ti enthalten kann. Die Zugabe an Lanthan zu dem bekannten Werkstoff erfolgte dabei mit dem Ziel, die Härte des Werkstoffs zu steigern und eine das tribologische Verhalten verbessernde Kornfeinung zu bewirken. Im Einzelnen erläutert worden sind die Eigenschaften einer solcherart zusammengesetzten Legierung in der EP 1 213 071 A2 anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels, das (in Gew.-%) 3,69 % C, 0,95 % Si, 0,05 % La, 0,029 % S, 0,0035 % O, 0,29 % Mn, 0,5 % Cr, 0,2 % Cu, 0,51 % Mo und 0,022 % Ti aufwies.In addition to the above-described prior art is from the EP 1 213 071 A2 a cast iron material for the production of camshafts, the (in wt .-%) 3.5 - 3.7% C, 0.9 - 1.1% Si, up to 1% Mn and non-sulfur-bonded lanthanum with a 0.02-0.05% and optionally 0.3-0.6% Cr, 0.1-1.0% Cu, 0.3-0.6% Mo and 0.02-0.05 % Ti may contain. The addition of lanthanum to the known material was carried out with the aim of increasing the hardness of the material and to effect a tribological behavior improving grain refinement. Specifically explained are the properties of such a composite alloy in the EP 1 213 071 A2 using an embodiment which contains (in% by weight) 3.69% C, 0.95% Si, 0.05% La, 0.029% S, 0.0035% O, 0.29% Mn, 0.5% Cr, 0.2% Cu, 0.51% Mo and 0.022% Ti.

Ein weiteres Beispiel für einen Eisengusswerkstoff mit Lamellengraphit ist aus der EP 1 004 789 A1 bekannt. Dieser Werkstoff wird zur Herstellung von Bremsscheiben eingesetzt, die sich durch eine erhöhte Standzeit auszeichnen. Zu diesem Zweck sind im aus der EP 1 004 789 A1 bekannten Gusswerkstoff in Gew.-% 3,9 - 4,2 % C, 0,7 - 1,2 % Si, bis zu 0,02 % P, bis zu 0,02 % S und bis zu 0,05 % A1 enthalten. Zusätzlich können in dem bekannten Werkstoff Gehalte an Mn, V, Cu und Cr enthalten sein, wobei der gesamte Anteil dieser Legierungselemente 1,6 % nicht überschreiten soll. Eine aus einem solchen Werkstoff hergestellte Bremsscheibe zeichnet sich durch eine besonders hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit bei gleichzeitig guter Zähigkeit aus. Konkret erprobt worden ist die bekannte Legierung anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels, das (in Gew.-%) 4,1 % C, 1,0 % Si, 0,02 % P, 0,03 % S, 0,3 % Mn, 0,01 % V, 0,4 % Cu, 0,3 % Mo und 0,015 % A1 enthielt.Another example of a lamellar graphite cast iron material is from the EP 1 004 789 A1 known. This material is used for the production of brake discs, which are characterized by an increased service life. For this purpose are in the from the EP 1 004 789 A1 known casting material in wt .-% 3.9 - 4.2% C, 0.7 - 1.2% Si, up to 0.02% P, up to 0.02% S and up to 0.05% A1 contain. In addition, contents of Mn, V, Cu and Cr may be contained in the known material, wherein the total proportion of these alloying elements should not exceed 1.6%. A brake disk made of such a material is characterized by a particularly high thermal conductivity with good toughness. Specifically, the known alloy has been tested on an embodiment containing (in wt%) 4.1% C, 1.0% Si, 0.02% P, 0.03% S, 0.3% Mn, 0 , 01% V, 0.4% Cu, 0.3% Mo and 0.015% A1.

Ausgehend von dem voranstehend erläuterten Stand der Technik bestand die Aufgabe der Erfindung darin, ein Legierungskonzept zu schaffen, das es auf einfache Weise ermöglicht, für eine weite Produktpalette durch Variation der Gehalte an den jeweiligen Legierungsbestandteilen die jeweils optimalen Eigenschaften einzustellen.Starting from the above-described prior art, the object of the invention to provide an alloy concept, which allows a simple way to set for a wide range of products by varying the contents of the respective alloy components each optimal properties.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch einen Eisengusswerkstoff mit Lamellengraphit gelöst, der folgende Zusammensetzung aufweist (in Gew.-%): C: 3, 4 - 4,1 %, Si: 0,9 - 1,4 %, Mn: 0,4 - 0,7 %, Cu: 0,4 - 0,6 %, S : 0,01 - 0,04 %, O2 : 0,003 - 0,007 %, P: ≤ 0,04 %, Rest aus Fe und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen,
wobei die Zusammensetzung zusätzlich wahlweise eines oder mehrere der folgenden Elemente enthalten kann: Mo: 0,15 - 0,45 %, La: 0,005 - 0,02 %, Sr: 0, 0005 - 0,01 %, V: 0,005 - 0,1 %, Ni : 0,05 - 0,8 %, Sn: 0,05 - 0,15 %, N: 0,05 - 0,08 % und für den Sättigungsgrad Sc = C%/4,26-0,3*(Si%+P%) (C%: jeweiliger C-Gehalt, Si%: jeweiliger Si-Gehalt, P%: jeweiliger P-Gehalt) gilt 0,85 % ≤ Sc ≤ 1,05 % sowie für die jeweilige Menge %MEG = 2,25 % - 0,2 Si% (Si%: jeweiliger Si-Gehalt) gilt 1,97 % ≤ %MEG ≤ 2,07 %.This object is achieved according to the invention by a cast iron material with lamellar graphite having the following composition (in% by weight): C: 3, 4 - 4.1%, Si: 0.9-1.4%, Mn: 0.4 - 0.7%, Cu: 0.4 - 0.6%, S: 0.01-0.04%, O 2 : 0.003 - 0.007%, P: ≤ 0.04%, Balance of Fe and unavoidable impurities,
wherein the composition may additionally optionally contain one or more of the following elements: Not a word: 0.15-0.45%, La: 0.005-0.02%, Sr: 0, 0005 - 0.01%, V: 0.005 - 0.1%, Ni: 0.05 - 0.8%, Sn: 0.05-0.15%, N: 0.05-0.08% and for the saturation degree Sc = C% / 4.26-0.3 * (Si% + P%) (C%: respective C content, Si%: respective Si content, P%: respective P content) 0.85% ≤ S c ≤ 1.05% and for the particular amount% MEG = 2.25% -0.2 Si% (Si%: respective Si content), 1.97% ≤% MEG ≤ 2.07%.

Die Erfindung stellt eine Fe-C-Si-X-Gusslegierung zur Verfügung, die insbesondere eine sowohl hinsichtlich ihrer Festigkeit als auch hinsichtlich ihrer Wärmeleitfähigkeit und Vergießbarkeit optimierte Eigenschaftskombination besitzt und bei der das Risiko einer im praktischen Gießbetrieb eintretenden schleichenden Abnahme der guten Eigenschaften auf ein Minimum reduziert ist.The invention provides a Fe-C-Si-X casting alloy which has, in particular, a property combination optimized both in terms of strength and thermal conductivity and castability, and in which there is a risk of creeping decrease in good properties occurring in the practical casting operation Minimum is reduced.

Erfindungsgemäßer Eisengusswerkstoff ist weitestgehend frei von unerwünschten bzw. unbenötigten Elementen und Nebenprodukten. So sind die Schwefel- und Sauerstoffgehalte derart bemessen, dass sie keinen störenden Einfluss auf die Eigenschaften des Eisenwerkstoffs mehr haben. Dadurch wird erreicht, dass das Eisengitter gereinigt ist und hinreichend freie Kapazität zur Aufnahme von benötigten Fremdatomen enthält. Gleichzeitig sind Mindestgehalte an Sauerstoff und Schwefel vorgeschrieben, weil beide Elemente als Bausteine für die Bildung von Kristallisationskeimen dienen.Inventive iron casting material is largely free of unwanted or unnecessary elements and by-products. Thus, the sulfur and oxygen contents are such that they no longer have a disruptive effect on the properties of the iron material. This ensures that the iron grid is cleaned and contains sufficient free capacity to absorb required foreign atoms. At the same time minimum levels of oxygen and sulfur are prescribed because both elements serve as building blocks for the formation of nuclei.

Indem die erfindungsgemäß vorgegebenen Abstimmungsregeln für den Sättigungsgrad und die Menge an eutektischem Graphit eingehalten werden, sind die Gehalte an Kohlenstoff und Silizium so bemessen, dass selbst bei einer vergleichsweise weiten Variierung des Sättigungsgrades Sc die eutektische Graphitmenge %MEG hoch bleibt.By observing the tuning rules for the degree of saturation and the amount of eutectic graphite which are predetermined according to the invention, the contents of carbon and silicon are dimensioned such that the eutectic amount of graphite% MEG remains high even with a comparatively wide variation of the degree of saturation S c .

Die bei erfindungsgemäßem Gusswerkstoff vorhandene Menge des eutektischen Graphits %MEG übertrifft die von normalem Gusseisen weit. Dessen %MEG-Wert beträgt üblicherweise nur rund 1.85 Gew.-%. Bei erfindungsgemäßem Gusswerkstoff steht somit ein um 10 % bis 20 % höherer Volumenanteil zur Verfügung. In diesem Überschuss ist ein entscheidender Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Eisengusswerkstoffs gegenüber konventionellem Eisenwerkstoff begründet. So weist erfindungsgemäßer Werkstoff ein deutlich überlegenes Eigenspeisungsvermögens zum Zwecke des Ausgleichs der Schrumpfung des Eisens durch Ausdehnung des Graphits gegenüber konventionellem Gusswerkstoff auf. Diese Eigenschaft führt im praktischen Gießbetrieb zu einer deutlichen Steigerung der Zuverlässigkeit, mit der qualitativ hochwertige Gießprodukte erzeugt werden.The amount of eutectic graphite% MEG present in casting material according to the invention far exceeds that of normal cast iron. Its% MEG value is usually only about 1.85 wt .-%. In the casting material according to the invention thus a 10% to 20% higher volume fraction available. This excess is a decisive advantage of the cast iron material according to the invention over conventional ferrous material. Thus, material according to the invention has a clearly superior infeed capacity for the purpose of compensating for the shrinkage of the iron by expanding the graphite over conventional cast material. This feature leads to a significant increase in reliability in the practical casting operation, with which high quality casting products are produced.

Bei der Erzeugung eines erfindungsgemäßen Gusswerkstoffs soll sich die reduzierende Schmelzbehandlung durch Impfen streng nach dem jeweiligen Niveau der Gehalte an Sauerstoff und / oder Schwefel richten.When producing a cast material according to the invention, the reducing melt treatment by seeding should be strictly according to the respective level of the contents of oxygen and / or sulfur.

Als Legierungselemente sieht die Erfindung Elemente vor, deren Atomradius sich von demjenigen des Eisens nicht allzu stark unterscheidet. Bevorzugt beträgt die Abweichung bis max. 2 %. Die Legierungselemente sollen keine starken Carbidbildner sein und nicht direkt seigern. Erfindungsgemäß wird ist es daher vorgesehen, dem Eisenwerkstoff zur Einstellung seiner jeweils geforderten Eigenschaften erforderlichenfalls Kupfer, Nickel, Mangan oder Molybdän zuzulegieren. Auch kann zu diesem Zweck Zinn zugegeben werden, dessen Atomradius um bis zu 50 % größer ist als derjenige des Eisens.As alloying elements, the invention provides elements whose atomic radius does not differ too much from that of iron. Preferably, the deviation is up to max. 2%. The alloying elements should not be strong carbide formers and should not segregate directly. According to the invention, it is therefore envisaged to alloy the iron material to adjust its respectively required properties, if necessary, copper, nickel, manganese or molybdenum. Also, tin may be added for this purpose, the atomic radius of which is up to 50% greater than that of the iron.

Demgemäß enthält erfindungsgemäßer Eisengusswerkstoff Kupfer in Mengen von 0,4 Gew.-% bis 0,6 Gew.-%, um die Bildung des Perlits ohne negative Auswirkungen auf die gewünscht hohe Graphitisierung zu fördern. Ein weiterer positiver Effekt der Anwesenheit von Cu besteht darin, dass an diesem Element Seigerungsrichtungen ausgebildet werden. Bei der Herstellung von leichteren Gussstücken, wie Leichtbaumotorblöcken, hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, wenn der Bereich der Gehalte an Cu auf 0,45 - 0,55 eingegrenzt wird, um diese Effekte zu erzielen.Accordingly, the inventive cast iron material contains copper in amounts of from 0.4% to 0.6% by weight to promote the formation of the perlite without adversely affecting the desired high graphitization. Another positive effect of the presence of Cu is that be formed at this element Seigerungsrichtungen. In the production of lighter castings, such as lightweight engine blocks, it has proven advantageous to narrow the range of Cu contents to 0.45-0.55 in order to achieve these effects.

Ergänzend kann die erfindungsgemäße Legierung auch Nickel in Gehalten von 0,05 - 0,8 Gew.-%, bevorzugt 0,05 - 0,7 Gew.-%, enthalten. In Kombination mit Ni oder alleine können auch Gehalte an Stickstoff von 0,05 - 0,08 Gew.-% vorgesehen werden. Beide Legierungselemente stellen sicher, dass hohe Festigkeiten des fertigen Gussteils auch bei teilweisem Perlitzerfall erhalten werden. Daher sind Ni und N im erfindungsgemäßen Eisenwerkstoff in Kombination oder einzeln bevorzugt insbesondere dann vorhanden, wenn Gussteile erzeugt werden, die aufgrund ihrer Formgebung oder Masse langsam abkühlen mit der Gefahr, dass es zum Zerfall des Perlits kommt. Die Regel sollte dabei sein, dass die Gehalte an Ni und / oder N höher sind, je größer der Modul des jeweiligen Gussteils.In addition, the alloy according to the invention may also contain nickel in amounts of 0.05-0.8% by weight, preferably 0.05-0.7% by weight. Nitrogen levels of 0.05-0.08% by weight may also be provided in combination with Ni or alone. Both alloying elements ensure that high strength of the finished casting is maintained even in partial Perlitzerfall. Therefore, in the iron material of the present invention, Ni and N are preferably present in combination or individually particularly when castings are produced which, due to their shape or mass, cool slowly with the danger of perlite disintegration. The rule should be that the contents of Ni and / or N are higher, the larger the modulus of the respective casting.

Mit dem Fachbegriff "Modul" ist hier das Verhältnis des Gussteil-Volumens zur wärmeabgebenden Fläche bezeichnet, für das als Maßeinheit üblicherweise "cm" verwendet wird.The term "module" here refers to the ratio of the casting volume to the heat-emitting surface, for which "cm" is usually used as the unit of measure.

Gehalte an Mn im Bereich von 0,4 Gew.-% bis 0,7 Gew.-% unterstützen ebenfalls die Perlitbildung. Auch Mangan wird jedoch insbesondere zugegeben, um Seigerungsrichtungen an Mangan auszubilden. Für die Herstellung leichterer, schneller abkühlender Gusstücke können die Mn-Gehalte auf den Bereich von 0,45 - 0,65 Gew.-% beschränkt werden, um diesen Effekt zu erreichen.Levels of Mn in the range of 0.4% to 0.7% by weight also aid in perlite formation. However, manganese is also added, in particular, to form segregation directions of manganese. For the production of lighter, faster cooling castings, the Mn contents can be limited to the range of 0.45 - 0.65 wt% to achieve this effect.

Der maximale Gehalt an Phosphor wird auf 0,04 Gew.-% beschränkt, um die Bildung von Phosphideutektikum zu minimieren, das der Zähigkeit des Werkstoff abträglich wäre. Auch der Gehalt an Schwefel ist zur Vermeidung von Sulfidbildungen aus diesem Grund auf ein Maximum von 0,04 Gew.-% beschränkt. Im Fall der Anwesenheit von Cer dienen die gemäß der Erfindung vorgesehenen Gehalte von mindestens 0,01 Gew.-% der Keimbildung, die zu feinst verteilten Oxisulfiden führt. Als Regel kann angesetzt werden, dass bei Anwesenheit von Ce der Ce-Gehalt umso höher eingestellt werden sollte, je höher der jeweilige S-Gehalt ist. Die durch Cer in Verbindung mit Schwefel gebildeten Oxisulfide fördern die Graphitbildung und bewirken eine Steigerung der Festigkeit und Härte des Werkstoffs ohne die Zähigkeit des Werkstoffs herabzusetzen.The maximum level of phosphorus is limited to 0.04 wt% to minimize the formation of phosphide eutectic that would be detrimental to the toughness of the material. The sulfur content is therefore limited to a maximum of 0.04 wt .-% to avoid sulfide formations for this reason. In the case of the presence of cerium, the contents provided for by the invention are at least 0.01% by weight of nucleation, resulting in finely divided oxysulfides. As a rule, it can be stated that in the presence of Ce, the higher the respective S content, the higher should be the Ce content. The oxysulfides formed by cerium in conjunction with sulfur promote graphitization and increase the strength and hardness of the material without degrading the toughness of the material.

Mo kann dem erfindungsgemäßen Eisengusswerkstoff in Gehalten von 0,15 Gew.-% bis 0,45 Gew.-% beigegeben werden, um bei thermischer Beanspruchung durch Diffusion aus dem Eisengitter Versetzungsbewegungen zu blockieren und dadurch die Einleitung der Rissbildung zu verhindern. Die Sicherheit, mit der die durch die Zugabe von Mo sich einstellenden Eigenschaften des erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffs erreicht werden, lässt sich dabei dadurch steigern, dass die Obergrenze des Mo-Gehalts auf 0,35 Gew.-% beschränkt bzw. die Untergrenze auf 0,2 Gew.-% angehoben wird.Mo can be added to the cast iron material according to the invention in amounts of 0.15% by weight to 0.45% by weight, in order to block dislocation movements under thermal stress by diffusion from the iron grid and thereby prevent the initiation of cracking. The safety with which the properties of the material according to the invention which result from the addition of Mo can be increased can be increased by limiting the upper limit of the Mo content to 0.35% by weight or the lower limit to 0.2 Wt .-% is raised.

Zinn-Gehalte, die 0,05 Gew.-% bis 0,15 Gew.-% betragen, führen bei längerer Verweilzeit des Gussstücks in der Form zur Bildung einer Mikroseigerungszone um die Graphitlamellen herum und verhindern die Diffusion des Kohlenstoffs aus dem Graphit in die Grundmatrix.Tin contents, which are from 0.05% to 0.15% by weight, result in the formation of a microsegregation zone around the graphite lamellae with prolonged residence time of the casting in the mold and prevent diffusion of carbon from the graphite into the graphite lamella basic matrix.

Die Zugabe von Strontium begünstigt die Keimbildung und Ausprägung eines im Hinblick auf die angestrebten Eigenschaften günstigen Gefüges. Um diesen Zweck sicher zu erreichen, sind mindestens 0,0005 Gew.-% Sr erforderlich. Bei Gehalten von mehr als 0,01 Gew.-% lässt sich dagegen keine positive Wirkung mehr feststellen. Insbesondere bei größeren Gussstücken, bei denen die Festigkeit von besonderer Bedeutung ist, stellt sich eine besonders positive Wirkung ein, wenn Sr in Gehalten von 0,0005 bis 0,002 Gew.-% anwesend ist.The addition of strontium favors the nucleation and expression of a favorable structure in terms of the desired properties. To safely achieve this purpose, at least 0.0005% by weight of Sr is required. At levels of more than 0.01% by weight, on the other hand, no positive effect can be detected. Particularly for larger castings where strength is of particular importance, a particularly beneficial effect is found when Sr is present at levels of 0.0005 to 0.002 wt%.

Gehalte an Lanthan im Bereich von 0,005 - 0,02 Gew.-% wirken sich günstig auf die Vergießbarkeit der erfindungsgemäßen Gusslegierung aus und fördern die Härte des Werkstoffs sowie dessen tribologisches Verhalten, indem sie eine Kornfeinung bewirken.Levels of lanthanum in the range of 0.005-0.02% by weight have a favorable effect on the castability of the casting alloy according to the invention and promote the hardness of the material and its tribological behavior by effecting grain refining.

Vanadium wird der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung erforderlichenfalls zugegeben, um die Härte und Zugfestigkeit des Werkstoffs zu steigern. Vanadium legiert den Zementit des Perlits und führt zur Bildung von kürzeren, abgerundeten Lammellen des Lamellengraphits mit der Folge, dass die Härte und Zähigkeit ansteigen. Sofern zu diesem Zweck Vanadium einer erfindungsgemäßen Legierung zugegeben wird, kann dies in Abhängigkeit vom Modul des jeweiligen Bauelements erfolgen, um den gewünschten Erfolg sicher zu erreichen. Der Gehalt an V sollte dabei mit zunehmender Dicke ansteigen. So haben praktische Erprobungen gezeigt, dass sich optimale Gussteileigenschaften einstellen, wenn bei einem Modul des jeweiligen Gussteils von 0,25 - 0,65 cm der V-Gehalt 0,025 - 0,035 Gew.-%, bei einem Modul von 0,65 - 1,2 cm der V-Gehalt >0,035 - 0,065 Gew.-% und bei einem oberhalb von 1,2 cm liegenden Modul der V-Gehalt mehr als 0,055 - 0,1 Gew.-% beträgt. Bei erfindungsgemäßem Gehalten von mehr als 0,1 Gew.-% ist die Löslichkeitsgrenze überschritten.Vanadium is added to the alloy of the invention if necessary to increase the hardness and tensile strength of the material. Vanadium alloys the cementite of perlite and results in the formation of shorter, rounded lamellae of lamellar graphite with the result that hardness and toughness increase. If vanadium is added to an alloy according to the invention for this purpose, this can be done depending on the modulus of the respective component in order to achieve the desired success safely. The content of V should increase with increasing thickness. Thus, practical tests have shown that optimum casting properties can be achieved if, for a module of the respective casting of 0.25-0.65 cm, the V content is 0.025-0.035% by weight, with a modulus of 0.65-1, 2 cm the V content> 0.035 - 0.065 wt .-% and with a lying above 1.2 cm module of the V content more than 0.055 - 0.1 Wt .-% is. At contents of more than 0.1% by weight according to the invention, the solubility limit is exceeded.

Eine insbesondere für die Herstellung von Bremsscheiben geeignete Variante der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ihre Kohlenstoffgehalte im Bereich von 3,8 - 4,1 Gew.-% liegen. Der relativ hohe Kohlenstoffgehalt führt Festigkeiten, die im Bereich von 150 bis 200 MPa liegen. Gleichzeitig weisen aus der derart zusammengesetzten Legierungen erzeugte Gussstücke eine hohe Wärmeleitfähigkeit bei gleichfalls hoher Zähigkeit auf. Der Silizium-Gehalt liegt zum selben Zweck bevorzugt im Bereich von 0,9 - 1,2 Gew.-%.A variant of the alloy according to the invention which is particularly suitable for the production of brake disks is characterized in that its carbon contents are in the range of 3.8-4.1% by weight. The relatively high carbon content results in strengths ranging from 150 to 200 MPa. At the same time, castings produced from the alloys composed in this way have a high thermal conductivity with equally high toughness. The silicon content is for the same purpose preferably in the range of 0.9 to 1.2 wt .-%.

Für das Gießen von Gussteilen, bei denen eine hohe Festigkeit bei gleichzeitig guter Wärmeleitfähigkeit im Vordergrund steht, sieht eine andere Variante der Erfindung, vor, dass der C-Gehalt im Bereich von 3,4 - 3,8 Gew.-%, insbesondere 3,4 - 3,6 Gew.-% liegt.For the casting of castings, where a high strength with good thermal conductivity is in the foreground, provides another variant of the invention, before that the C content in the range of 3.4 to 3.8 wt .-%, in particular 3 , 4 - 3.6 wt .-% is.

Versuche haben gezeigt, dass derart zusammengesetzter erfindungsgemäßer Eisengusswerkstoff hohe Zugfestigkeiten aufweist, die im vergossenen Zustand regelmäßig mehr als 300 MPa betragen.Experiments have shown that such composite cast iron material according to the invention has high tensile strengths, which in the cast state regularly exceed 300 MPa.

Beim Gießen dickwandigerer Gussteile ist darüber hinaus vorteilhaft, wenn der Si-Gehalt der Legierung 1,15 - 1,4 Gew.-%, insbesondere 1,2 - 1,4 Gew.-%, beträgt, um beim Gießen der Gefahr einer Reoxidation bei verminderten C-Gehalten zu begegnen.When casting thicker-walled castings, it is furthermore advantageous if the Si content of the alloy is 1.15-1.4% by weight, in particular 1.2-1.4% by weight, in order to reduce the risk of reoxidation during casting to counteract at reduced C contents.

Besondere Bedeutung kommt den Sauerstoffgehalten einer erfindungsgemäßen Eisengusslegierung zu. Über den O2-Gehalt werden Geschwindigkeit und Umfang der Keimbildung gesteuert. So führt eine Erhöhung des Sauerstoffgehalts zu einem schnellen Teilchenwachstum, während niedrigere Sauerstoffgehalte ein geringeres Wachstum zur Folge haben. Erreicht werden diese Effekte bei O2-Gehalten, die im Bereich von 30 bis 70 ppm liegen. Werden aus der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung Bremsscheiben oder vergleichbar gestaltete Bauelemente hergestellt, so lassen sich über den Sauerstoffgehalt dadurch optimale Gefüge erreichen, dass die Sauerstoffgehalte auf 30 bis 40 ppm beschränkt werden. Bei dünnwandigen Gussteilen, wie leichten Motorblöcken oder ähnlichem mit einem Modul von 0,1 bis 0,4 cm, haben sich hohe O2-Gehalte von 50 bis 70 ppm als günstig herausgestellt, da sie innerhalb der jeweils kurzen Abkühlzeit ein schnelles Kornwachstum begünstigen. Bei dickwandigeren Bauteilen mit Modulen im Bereich von 0,4 - 1 cm, beispielsweise schwereren Motorblöcken, werden optimierte Gefügeeigenschaften erreicht, wenn der O2-Gehalt 40 bis 60 ppm beträgt. Beim Gießen von komplex geformten Gussteilen, wie Zylinderköpfen, mit einem Modul im Bereich von 1 bis 2,5 cm wird dagegen ein bezogen auf die von diesen Bauteilen geforderten Eigenschaften optimiertes Kornwachstum erreicht, wenn der O2-Gehalt der erfindungsgemäßen Legierung im Bereich von 30 bis 50 ppm liegt.Of particular importance is the oxygen content of a cast iron alloy according to the invention. About the O 2 content, the speed and extent of nucleation controlled. For example, an increase in oxygen content leads to rapid particle growth, while lower oxygen levels result in lower growth. These effects are achieved at O 2 contents ranging from 30 to 70 ppm. If brake disks or components of comparable design are produced from the alloy according to the invention, optimum structures can be achieved by way of the oxygen content in such a way that the oxygen contents are limited to 30 to 40 ppm. In thin-walled castings, such as light engine blocks or the like with a modulus of 0.1 to 0.4 cm, high O 2 contents of 50 to 70 ppm have been found to be favorable because they favor rapid grain growth within the short cooling time. For thick-walled components with modules in the range of 0.4 - 1 cm, for example, heavier engine blocks, optimized microstructural properties are achieved when the O 2 content is 40 to 60 ppm. When casting complex shaped castings, such as cylinder heads, with a module in the range of 1 to 2.5 cm, on the other hand, an optimized grain growth based on the properties required of these components is achieved when the O 2 content of the inventive alloy is in the range of 30 to 50 ppm.

Besonders sicher lassen sich die hohen Zugfestigkeiten eines erfindungsgemäßen Gusswerkstoffs dadurch gewährleisten, dass im erfindungsgemäßen Eisengusswerkstoff im vergossenen Zustand mehr als 50 % des in ihm enthaltenen Sauerstoffs in einer Oxidart vorliegen, deren Starttemperatur der Reduktion mit Sauerstoff über 1.700 K liegt.The high tensile strengths of a casting material according to the invention can be ensured particularly reliably in that more than 50% of the oxygen contained in the cast iron material according to the invention is present in an oxide species whose starting temperature for the reduction with oxygen is above 1,700 K.

Neben der verbesserten Festigkeit, Wärmeleitfähigkeit, Zähigkeit und Zerspanbarkeit weist erfindungsgemäßer Eisengusswerkstoff auch eine gute Korrosionsbeständigkeit auf. Aufgrund dieser speziellen Eigenschaftskombination eignet sich erfindungsgemäßer Eisengusswerkstoff in besonderer Weise zur Herstellung Bremsscheiben sowie von Motorblöcken oder Zylinderköpfen für Verbrennungskraftmaschinen. Insbesondere die hohen Zugfestigkeiten in Kombination mit der guten Vergießbarkeit, Zerspanbarkeit und hohen Wärmeleitfähigkeit machen den erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoff dazu in besonderer Weise geeignet, als Werkstoff für die Herstellung von Blöcken für moderne Dieselmotoren eingesetzt zu werden, bei denen es im Zuge des Verbrennungsprozesses zu extrem hohen Druckbelastungen im Bereich des Verbrennungsraumes kommt.In addition to the improved strength, thermal conductivity, toughness and machinability, cast iron material according to the invention also has good corrosion resistance. Due to this special combination of properties, cast iron material according to the invention is particularly suitable for producing brake disks as well as engine blocks or cylinder heads for internal combustion engines. In particular, the high tensile strengths in combination with the good castability, machinability and high thermal conductivity make the material according to the invention particularly suitable for use as a material for the production of blocks for modern diesel engines, in which it in the course of the combustion process to extremely high pressure loads comes in the area of the combustion chamber.

Die Eigenschaften von erfindungsgemäßem Eisengusswerkstoff wurden an einer Vielzahl von Beispielen nachgewiesen.The properties of cast iron material according to the invention have been demonstrated in a large number of examples.

So sind aus erfindungsgemäßen Eisengusslegierungen mit den in Tabelle 1a in Gew.-% angegebenen Zusammensetzungen B1-B7 LkW-Bremsscheiben gegossen worden, deren Sc-Wert, %MEG-Wert, Zugfestigkeit Rm und Brinell-Härte HB in Tabelle 1b angegeben sind. Tabelle 1b enthält zusätzlich eine Bewertung des Gefüges der jeweils erhaltenen Produkte.Thus, from the cast iron alloys according to the invention with the compositions B1-B7 specified in Table 1a in percent by weight, LkW brake disks were cast whose Sc value,% MEG value, tensile strength Rm and Brinell hardness HB are given in Table 1b. Table 1b additionally contains an evaluation of the microstructure of the products obtained in each case.

Es zeigt sich, dass die aus den in Tabelle 1a angegebenen Legierungen gegossenen LKW-Bremsscheiben durchweg Zugfestigkeiten im Bereich von 160 bis 230 MPa besitzen. Die Härte-Werte liegen dabei im Bereich von 147 bis 220, so dass die Bremsscheiben nicht nur hohe Festigkeiten, sondern auch eine gute Verschleißbeständigkeit besitzen. Des Weiteren weisen sie eine hervorragende Wärmeleitfähigkeit auf, so dass sie auch unter hohen Belastungen die auf sie einwirkenden Kräfte sicher aufnehmen und abführen können.It can be seen that the truck brake discs cast from the alloys indicated in Table 1a consistently have tensile strengths in the range of 160 to 230 MPa. The hardness values are in the range of 147 to 220, so that the brake discs have not only high strength, but also a good wear resistance. Furthermore, they have excellent thermal conductivity so that they can safely absorb and dissipate the forces acting on them even under high loads.

In Tabelle 2a sind die Gehalte an C, Si, S, Mn, Cu, V, Mo, Sn und Ni für Legierungen D1 - D5 von erfindungsgemäßen Eisengusswerkstoffen angegeben, aus denen dünnwandige PKW-Motorblöcke mit einem 0,7 - 0,8 cm betragenden Modul gegossen worden sind. Zusätzlich enthielten die betreffenden Legierungen D1 - D6 jeweils 60 Gew.-ppm O2 und 0,01 Gew.-% La. Tabelle 2b enthält die zugehörigen Werte %MEG, SC, die Zugfestigkeit Rm und die jeweils über verschiedene Messorte gemittelte Brinellhärte HB sowie eine Bewertung des Gefüges.Table 2a shows the contents of C, Si, S, Mn, Cu, V, Mo, Sn and Ni for alloys D1-D5 of cast iron materials according to the invention, from which thin-walled car engine blocks with a 0.7-0.8 cm amounting module have been poured. In addition, the respective alloys D1-D6 each contained 60 ppm by weight of O 2 and 0.01% by weight of La. Table 2b contains the associated values% MEG, SC, the tensile strength Rm and the Brinell hardness HB averaged over different measuring locations as well as an evaluation of the microstructure.

In Tabelle 3a sind die Gehalte an C, Si, S, Mn, Cu, V, Mo, Sn und Ni für Legierungen Z1 - Z6 von erfindungsgemäßen Eisengusswerkstoffen angegeben, aus denen 100 kg (Legierungen Z1 - Z4) bzw. 400 kg (Legierungen Z5,Z6) schwere Zylinderköpfe gegossen worden sind. Der Modul der 100 kg-Zylinderköpfe lag zwischen 2,5 - 3 cm, während der Modul der 400 kg schweren Zylinderköpfe bei 1 cm lag. Zusätzlich enthielten die betreffenden Legierungen Z1 - Z6 jeweils 40 Gew.-ppm O2 und 0,01 Gew.-% La. Tabelle 3b enthält die zugehörigen Werte %MEG und SC, die Zugfestigkeit Rm und die Brinellhärte HB sowie eine Bewertung des Gefüges.Table 3a shows the contents of C, Si, S, Mn, Cu, V, Mo, Sn and Ni for alloys Z1-Z6 of cast iron materials according to the invention, from which 100 kg (alloys Z1-Z4) and 400 kg (alloys Z5, Z6) heavy cylinder heads have been cast. The module of the 100 kg cylinder heads was between 2.5 - 3 cm, while the module of the 400 kg cylinder heads was 1 cm. In addition, the respective alloys Z1-Z6 each contained 40 ppm by weight of O 2 and 0.01% by weight of La. Table 3b contains the associated values% MEG and SC, the tensile strength Rm and the Brinell hardness HB and an evaluation of the microstructure.

Schließlich ist aus einer (in Gew.-%) 3,6 % C, 1,35 % Si, 0,1 % Sn, 0,5 % Mn, 0,5 % Cu, 0,01 % V, 0,2 % Mo, 40 Gew.-ppm O2 und 0,03 % S sowie als Rest Eisen und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen bestehenden erfindungsgemäßen Eisengusslegierung ein schweres Kurbelgehäuse gegossen worden. Der SC-Wert der Legierung betrug 0,93 und ihr %MEG-Wert 1,98. Das fertige Gehäuse wies eine Zugfestigkeit Rm von 320 MPa und ein feinstrukturiertes perlitisches Gefüge auf.Finally, from (in wt%) 3.6% C, 1.35% Si, 0.1% Sn, 0.5% Mn, 0.5% Cu, 0.01% V, 0.2 % Mo, 40 ppm by weight of O 2 and 0.03% S and the rest of iron and unavoidable impurities existing cast iron alloy according to the invention a heavy crankcase has been cast. The SC value of the alloy was 0.93 and its% MEG value was 1.98. The finished housing had a tensile strength Rm of 320 MPa and a finely structured pearlitic structure.

Mit der Erfindung steht somit ein Eisengusswerkstoff zur Verfügung, der ein überlegenes Eigenschaftsspektrum besitzt, das über einen weiten Bereich variiert werden kann. Dabei zeichnet sich der erfindungsgemäße Werkstoff durch eine besonders gute Zerspanbarkeit aus. Seine hohe Zugfestigkeit ermöglicht es, bekannte Gusskonstruktionen, die bisher nur aus konventionellem Grauguss hergestellt worden sind, mit höheren Festigkeiten zu erzeugen, ohne dass dazu aufwändige Umkonstruktionen erforderlich sind. Tabelle 1a C Si S Mn Cu V Mo O2 La Sn B1 3,90 0, 97 0,050 0, 48 0, 52 0, 091 0, 43 0, 0035 0, 01 B2 3,96 1,02 0,028 0,52 0,51 0,088 0,47 0,0035 0,01 B3 3,95 1,14 0,037 0,53 0,54 0,093 0,40 0,0035 0,01 B4 4,07 1,08 0,043 0,48 0,48 0,083 0,02 0,0035 0,01 B5 4,09 1,22 0,027 0,47 0,50 0,098 0,41 0,0035 0,01 B6 3,99 0,95 0,020 0,52 0,56 0,006 0,27 0,0035 0,01 B7 3,94 1,05 0,026 0,55 0,60 0,005 0,29 0,0035 0,01 0,10 Rest Eisen und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen Tabelle 1b SC %MEG Rm HB Gefüge B1 0,98 2,056 191,0 207 feinstrukturierter Perlit, Carbide < 1% B2 1,00 2,046 207,3 210 feinstrukturierter Perlit B3 1,01 2,022 231,2 201 feinstrukturierter Perlit, Carbide < 1% B4 1,03 2,034 172,1 186 feinstrukturierter Perlit B5 1,05 2,006 143,9 171 feinstrukturierter Perlit, Mitte Ferrit B6 1,00 2,060 162,5 147 feinstrukturierter Perlit B7 1,00 2,040 185,2 173 feinstrukturierter Perlit, Carbide < 1% Tabelle 2a C Si S Mn Cu V Mo Sn Ni D1 3,67 1,24 0,026 0,57 0,69 0,005 0,30 0,09 0,63 D2 3,60 1,20 0,031 0,48 0,50 0,044 0,19 0,01 D3 3,60 1,21 0,026 0,48 0,49 0,044 0,19 0,01 D4 3,48 1,22 0,038 0,48 0,51 0,045 0,19 0,01 D5 3,52 1,34 0,037 0,52 0,46 0,043 0,20 0,01 Rest Eisen und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen Tabelle 2b SC %MEG Rm HB Gefüge D1 0,943 2,002 224,9 222 feinstrukturierter Perlit D2 0,923 2,010 252 222 feinstrukturierter Perlit D3 0,923 2,008 244.7 185 feinstrukturierter Perlit D4 0,893 2,006 290,4 189 feinstrukturierter Perlit D5 0,912 1,982 277,3 201 feinstrukturierter Perlit Tabelle 3a C Si S Mn Cu V Mo Sn Ni Z1 3,45 1,16 0, 023 0,53 0,60 0,045 0,34 Z2 3,56 1,18 0,010 0,51 0,66 0,005 0,19 Z3 3,53 1,09 0,028 0,54 0,52 0,036 0,29 Z4 3,57 1,23 0,024 0,60 0,56 0,045 0,29 0,10 Z5 3,51 1,19 0,027 0,57 0,59 0,039 0,30 Z6 3,38 1,12 0,025 0,57 0,68 0,049 0,31 0,65 Rest Eisen und unvermeidbare Verunreinigungen Tabelle 3b SC %MEG Rm HB Gefüge Z1 2,018 0,88 350,0 229 feinstrukturierter Perlit Z2 2,014 0,91 237,1 186 feinstrukturierter Perlit Z3 2,032 0,90 210,0 187 feinstrukturierter Perlit Z4 2,004 0,92 281,5 215 feinstrukturierter Perlit Z5 2,012 0,90 295,3 195 feinstrukturierter Perlit Z6 2,026 0,86 313,2 205 feinstrukturierter Perlit The invention thus provides a cast iron material which has a superior property spectrum which can be varied over a wide range. In this case, the material according to the invention is characterized by a particularly good machinability. Its high tensile strength makes it possible to produce known cast constructions, which have heretofore only been produced from conventional gray cast iron, with higher strengths, without the need for complicated redesigns. Table 1a C Si S Mn Cu V Not a word O 2 La sn B1 3.90 0, 97 0,050 0, 48 0, 52 0, 091 0, 43 0, 0035 0, 01 B2 3.96 1.02 0.028 0.52 0.51 0.088 0.47 0.0035 0.01 B3 3.95 1.14 0.037 0.53 0.54 0.093 0.40 0.0035 0.01 B4 4.07 1.08 0.043 0.48 0.48 0.083 0.02 0.0035 0.01 B5 4.09 1.22 0.027 0.47 0.50 0.098 0.41 0.0035 0.01 B6 3.99 0.95 0,020 0.52 0.56 0,006 0.27 0.0035 0.01 B7 3.94 1.05 0.026 0.55 0.60 0.005 0.29 0.0035 0.01 0.10 Remaining iron and unavoidable impurities SC MEG% rm HB structure B1 0.98 2,056 191.0 207 fine structured perlite, carbides <1% B2 1.00 2,046 207.3 210 finely structured pearlite B3 1.01 2,022 231.2 201 fine structured perlite, carbides <1% B4 1.03 2,034 172.1 186 finely structured pearlite B5 1.05 2.006 143.9 171 finely structured pearlite, middle ferrite B6 1.00 2,060 162.5 147 finely structured pearlite B7 1.00 2,040 185.2 173 fine structured perlite, carbides <1% C Si S Mn Cu V Not a word sn Ni D1 3.67 1.24 0.026 0.57 0.69 0.005 0.30 0.09 0.63 D2 3.60 1.20 0.031 0.48 0.50 0,044 0.19 0.01 D3 3.60 1.21 0.026 0.48 0.49 0,044 0.19 0.01 D4 3.48 1.22 0,038 0.48 0.51 0,045 0.19 0.01 D5 3.52 1.34 0.037 0.52 0.46 0.043 0.20 0.01 Remaining iron and unavoidable impurities SC MEG% rm HB structure D1 0.943 2,002 224.9 222 finely structured pearlite D2 0.923 2,010 252 222 finely structured pearlite D3 0.923 2,008 244.7 185 finely structured pearlite D4 0,893 2.006 290.4 189 finely structured pearlite D5 0.912 1,982 277.3 201 finely structured pearlite C Si S Mn Cu V Not a word sn Ni Z1 3.45 1.16 0, 023 0.53 0.60 0,045 0.34 Z2 3.56 1.18 0,010 0.51 0.66 0.005 0.19 Z3 3.53 1.09 0.028 0.54 0.52 0,036 0.29 Z4 3.57 1.23 0.024 0.60 0.56 0,045 0.29 0.10 Z5 3.51 1.19 0.027 0.57 0.59 0,039 0.30 Z6 3.38 1.12 0,025 0.57 0.68 0,049 0.31 0.65 Remaining iron and unavoidable impurities SC MEG% rm HB structure Z1 2,018 0.88 350.0 229 finely structured pearlite Z2 2,014 0.91 237.1 186 finely structured pearlite Z3 2,032 0.90 210.0 187 finely structured pearlite Z4 2,004 0.92 281.5 215 finely structured pearlite Z5 2,012 0.90 295.3 195 finely structured pearlite Z6 2,026 0.86 313.2 205 finely structured pearlite

Claims (19)

  1. Cast iron material with graphite flakes, with the following composition (in % by weight): C: 3.4 to 4.1%, Si: 0.9 to 1.4%, Mn: 0.4 to 0.7%, Cu: 0.4 to 0.6%, S: 0.01 to 0.04%, O2: 0.003 to 0.007%, P: ≤0.04%,
    the remainder comprising Fe and unavoidable impurities, wherein the composition may also optionally contain one or more of the following elements: Mo: 0.15 to 0.45%, La: 0.005 to 0.02%, Sr: 0.0005 to 0.01%, Ni: 0.05 to 0.8%, V: 0.005 to 0.1%, Sn: 0.05 to 0.15%, N: 0.05 to 0.08% Ce: 0.01 to 0.02%
    and 0.85% ≤Sc ≤1.05% applies to the degree of saturation Sc = C%/4.26 - 0.3* (Si%+P%) (C%: respective C content, Si%: respective Si content, P%: respective P content), and 1.97% ≤ %MEG ≤2.07% applies to the respective quantity %MEG = 2.25% - 0.2 Si% (Si%: respective Si content).
  2. Cast iron material according to claim 1, characterised in that the C content is 3.8 to 4.1% by weight.
  3. Cast iron material according to claim 2, characterised in that the Si content is 0.9 to 1.2% by weight.
  4. Cast iron material according to either claim 2 or claim 3, characterised in that the O2 content is 0.003 to 0.004% by weight.
  5. Cast iron material according to claim 1, characterised in that the C content is 3.4 to 3.6% by weight.
  6. Cast iron material according to claim 5, characterised in that the Si content is 1.15 to 1.4% by weight.
  7. Cast iron material according to either claim 5 or claim 6, characterised in that the Sr content is 0.005 to 0.002% by weight.
  8. Cast iron material according to any one of claims 5 to 7, characterised in that the V content is 0.025 to 0.045% by weight.
  9. Cast iron material according to any one of claims 5 to 8, characterised in that the Sn content is 0.05 to 0.15% by weight.
  10. Cast iron material according to any one of claims 5 to 9, characterised in that the Si content is 1.15 to 1.25% by weight.
  11. Cast iron material according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterised in that the O2 content is 0.003 to 0.005% by weight.
  12. Cast iron material according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterised in that the O2 content is 0.004 to 0.006% by weight.
  13. Cast iron material according to any one of claims 5 to 10, characterised in that the O2 content is 0.005 to 0.007% by weight.
  14. Cast iron material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the S content is at least 0.02% by weight.
  15. Cast iron material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the Mo content is 0.2 to 0.4% by weight.
  16. Cast iron material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the Mn content is 0.45 to 0.65% by weight.
  17. Cast iron material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the Cu content is 0.45 to 0.55% by weight.
  18. Cast iron material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that its Sr content is at least 0.05% by weight.
  19. Cast iron material according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that in the cast state more than 50% of the oxygen contained therein is in the form of a type of oxide of which the starting temperature of the reduction with oxygen is above 1,700 K.
EP04741074A 2003-07-16 2004-07-16 Cast iron material Active EP1646732B1 (en)

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EP04741074A EP1646732B1 (en) 2003-07-16 2004-07-16 Cast iron material
PCT/EP2004/007914 WO2005007913A1 (en) 2003-07-16 2004-07-16 Cast iron material

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1992711A1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2008-11-19 M.Busch GmbH & Co. KG Cast iron allow with lamellar graphite
WO2012074470A1 (en) 2010-12-02 2012-06-07 Scania Cv Ab Grey iron alloy and brake disc containing grey iron alloy

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102004028902B4 (en) * 2004-06-15 2017-11-09 Robert Bosch Gmbh brake disc
RU2475563C1 (en) * 2012-02-22 2013-02-20 Юлия Алексеевна Щепочкина Cast-iron
CN113046622A (en) * 2019-12-27 2021-06-29 南通虹冈铸钢有限公司 Processing technology for improving quenching hardness of D7003 nodular cast iron
CN114150214A (en) * 2021-12-13 2022-03-08 东港市辽成机械有限公司 HT200 gray cast iron and manufacturing method thereof

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3311185C2 (en) * 1983-03-26 1986-11-06 Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt Use of a Pauling kettle made of unalloyed, pearlitic gray cast iron to concentrate sulfuric acid
US5242510A (en) * 1992-09-25 1993-09-07 Detroit Diesel Corporation Alloyed grey iron having high thermal fatigue resistance and good machinability
DE59909024D1 (en) * 1998-11-26 2004-05-06 Winter Fritz Eisengiesserei Brake disc for commercial vehicles
DE10061173A1 (en) * 2000-12-07 2002-06-27 Winter Fritz Eisengiesserei Method, device and cast iron alloy for producing a camshaft and camshaft with cast-on cams

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP1992711A1 (en) * 2007-02-13 2008-11-19 M.Busch GmbH & Co. KG Cast iron allow with lamellar graphite
WO2012074470A1 (en) 2010-12-02 2012-06-07 Scania Cv Ab Grey iron alloy and brake disc containing grey iron alloy

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MXPA06000901A (en) 2006-05-04

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