EP1622994A1 - Apparatus and method for the regeneration of quenching oils - Google Patents
Apparatus and method for the regeneration of quenching oilsInfo
- Publication number
- EP1622994A1 EP1622994A1 EP03732338A EP03732338A EP1622994A1 EP 1622994 A1 EP1622994 A1 EP 1622994A1 EP 03732338 A EP03732338 A EP 03732338A EP 03732338 A EP03732338 A EP 03732338A EP 1622994 A1 EP1622994 A1 EP 1622994A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- waste
- quenching
- heat exchanger
- regeneration
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G7/00—Distillation of hydrocarbon oils
- C10G7/06—Vacuum distillation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M175/00—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning
- C10M175/0025—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by thermal processes
- C10M175/0033—Working-up used lubricants to recover useful products ; Cleaning by thermal processes using distillation processes; devices therefor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an apparatus and the relative method of use for the regeneration of quenching oils of both mineral and vegetal origin.
- tempering bath oils with mineral and vegetal compositions intended to suit the above mentioned features.
- Selection of a quenching agent is primarily governed by the processing specifications, the required physical properties, and the required microstructure . Due to its versatile quenching performance, oil is the most widely used quenching medium, next only to water. The worldwide requirement for quenching oil today is estimated at between 50 million and 100 million gallons per year.
- Quenching of steel in liquid medium consists of three distinct stages of cooling: the vapor phase, nucleate boiling, and the convective stage.
- a vapor blanket is formed immediately upon quenching. This blanket has an insulating effect, and heat transfer in this stage is slow since it is mostly through radiation. As the temperature drops , the vapor blanket becomes unstable and collapses, initiating the nucleate boiling stage.
- Heat removal is the fastest in this stage, due to the heat of vaporization, and continues until the surface temperature drops below the boiling point of the quenching medium. Further cooling takes place mostly through convection and some conduction.
- quenching oils suitable for steels with low to high hardenability. Thanks to the properties of these oils, it is possible to quench also into the martensitic temperature range - i.e. in a range between 160 and 250 °C with minimum distortion, while still obtaining the desired properties in metal parts.
- an oil formulation depends on part geometry and thickness, and the degree of distortion that can be tolerated. For example, hot oil is required for smaller parts with high hardenability to achieve the desired mechanical properties with minimum distortion.
- Quenching oils are available with flash points ranging from 130°C to 290°C.
- the operating temperature of the oil in an open quench tank is normally at least 65°C below its flash point. When the quench tank is operated under a protective atmosphere, oil can be used at as high as 10 °C below the flash point.
- the operating range of a heat bath quenching oils is normally from 10°C to 230°C. A lower operating temperature is in any case helpful in minimizing thermal degradation of the oil.
- oil was used without any additives. It was slow in cooling and susceptible to oxidation. Research was carried out to overcome these shortcomings by adding certain chemical additives to the oil. In addition, the objective was to make oil quenching more reliable and uniform, and to control the vapor phase by starting the nucleate boiling stage sooner. Consequently, the term "fast oil” is applied to oil with such additives. Some oils also have additives that extend the nucleate boiling stage to achieve deeper hardening for some steel . Specially formulated oils also are available for vacuum heat-treating operations.
- compositions for quenching processes comprising mineral oils and additive substances which should achieve the stabilization of the chemical and technological properties of the mixtures.
- This kind of degeneration exhibits its effects approximately one year after the first use of the quenching composition and is manifested by exhalations of vapors containing, among other components, alkenes and C 6 -Ci8 Aldheydes which, besides the disadvantages related to the composition integrity, confer a typical bed smell to the oil .
- Scope of the present invention is therefore to find a convenient way of regenerating and deodorizing used quenching oils of both mineral and vegetal origin, which allows to neutralize the compounds resulting from the degeneration and degradation process of such oil compositions without influencing their flash point value.
- a further scope of the invention is to provide a regeneration apparatus and process which facilitate the regeneration procedure and which does not affects the heat treatment performance.
- the regeneration apparatus comprises :
- an evaporation circuit comprising a return conduct, a heater and a flash reactor
- This apparatus allows to extract effectively the undesired degradation compounds from the oil composition, by submitting every fraction of used oil to different extraction cycles.
- the return conduct which by means of a return pump can bring back the purified oil, which has already undergone an extraction cycle, to the heater and then from here to the flash reactor of the evaporation circuit for a new waste separation.
- the purification process can be therefore repeated as many times as necessary until the desired number of cycles and thus the desired purity level have been reached.
- the treated oil can then exit the return conduct and reach the initial treatment tank at a flow rate which is controlled by the use of oil level-check devices.
- a new fraction of quenching oil composition to be regenerated can be extracted from the tempering tank by means of the extracting device and then introduced in the return conduct of the evaporation circuit.
- the extracting device can be every sort of volumetric sampler, like e.g. a pump.
- the undesired waste compounds are extracted from the oil composition by heating each oil fraction and then introducing it into the flash generator.
- the heating is accomplished by a heater which works at a temperature comprised between 150 and 250 °C and which brings the heated oil fraction to the flash reactor.
- a heater which works at a temperature comprised between 150 and 250 °C and which brings the heated oil fraction to the flash reactor.
- inlet nozzles positioned at the inflowing side of the heated oil, the waste products contained in the oil fraction are vaporized.
- the flash reactor works under vacuum by means of a high vacuum pump.
- the flash point value of the treated oil composition is not affected and contemporary the undesired oil components are selectively removed.
- the vaporized substances are then conducted to the heat exchanger, which is cooled by a chiller at a temperature comprised between -5 and 5°C.
- the heat exchanger By lowering the temperature of the vapors, the effects of avoiding volatile exhalations and condensing the separated fractions with high recovery are contemporary achieved.
- the so obtained condensed product is then collected in the waste collecting unit connected to the heat exchanger.
- the entire oil regeneration process is controlled and run by means of a central control unit, with which every single procedural parameter can be modified and suited to the specific operating conditions by every cycle and in every case .
- the duration of the process and thus the number of cycles depends on the oil quantity introduced in the evaporation circuit by the extracting device.
- the present apparatus allows to reach a treated oil quantity up to 400 Kg/h, which corresponds to 50 cycles circa.
- a further advantageous aspect of the present invention is given by fact that the whole apparatus is assembled on a mobile base made of different materials, like e.g. steel but also other non-metals materials, which can be moved and maneuvered by a single operator.
- Fig. 1 shows a scheme of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention.
- the components are represented without any limitation regarding the application of the inventive concept and represent more a simplified view which can ease the explanation of the essential features of the apparatus.
- the quenching oil composition which has to be treated is extracted from the tempering tank 1 by means of the extracting device 2, which in the specific case is a volumetric pump, which brings the collected oil fraction to the return conduct 3. From here, the oil fraction reaches the heater 3c and from there the flash reactor 4 where the undesired fractions are volatilized by passing through the inlet nozzles 4a.
- a high vacuum pump 5a facilitates the vapors extraction in the flash reactor 4.
- the oil purified after the first cycle is then reintroduced in the return conduct 3 , where by means of the valve 3b can either re-enter the heater 3c for another separation process or return to the tank 1 if the desired purity level has already been reached.
- the vapors of the separated substances are cooled by the heat exchanger 5, which is connected to the chiller 5b.
- the undesired waste compounds are then condensed into the collecting unit 6.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)
Abstract
The present invention discloses an apparatus for the regeneration of quenching oil compositions comprising: a device for extracting fraction of said compositions from a treatment tank; an evaporation circuit comprising a return conduct, a heater and a flash reactor; a heat exchanger for condensing the waste vapors; a waste collector which collects the vapors condensed in the heat exchanger. The invention relates also to a method of application of said apparatus characterized by the fact that each used oil fraction undergoes a programmable number of waste separation cycles in said evaporation circuit.
Description
Apparatus and method for the regeneration of quenching oils
Field of the invention
The present invention relates to an apparatus and the relative method of use for the regeneration of quenching oils of both mineral and vegetal origin.
Background of the invention
The quenching technique in the heat treatment of metals has been recently addressed towards the search for oil compositions and products which are characterized by good biodegradability, waste disposal with low environmental impact, low toxicity and easy procedural handling with secure process conditions. Another important aspect is certainly linked to the recovery conditions regarding not only the oil recycling in subsequent quenching processes but also the quantity of obtained treated material unaffected by structural deficiencies due to thermal stress .
A development in this direction has been pursued by using tempering bath oils with mineral and vegetal compositions intended to suit the above mentioned features.
Selection of a quenching agent is primarily governed by the processing specifications, the required physical properties, and the required microstructure . Due to its versatile quenching performance, oil is the most widely used quenching medium, next only to water. The worldwide requirement for quenching oil today is estimated at between 50 million and 100 million gallons per year.
Among the various quenching media, oil continues to be favored because its quenching mechanism and cooling curves are well suited to the TTT (time, temperature, and transformation) and CCT (continuous cooling transformation) diagrams of many types of steel .
Quenching of steel in liquid medium consists of three distinct stages of cooling: the vapor phase, nucleate boiling, and the convective stage. In the first stage, a vapor blanket is formed immediately upon quenching. This blanket has an insulating effect, and heat transfer in this stage is slow since it is mostly through radiation. As the temperature drops , the vapor blanket becomes unstable and collapses, initiating the nucleate boiling stage.
Heat removal is the fastest in this stage, due to the heat of vaporization, and continues until the surface temperature drops below the boiling point of the
quenching medium. Further cooling takes place mostly through convection and some conduction.
During the quenching process, there are two sorts of stresses involved: thermal stresses due to rapid cooling, and transformation stresses due to the increase in volume from austenite to martensite microstructure. Those stresses can cause excessive distortion or even cracks. However, oil has a unique desirable cooling response in minimizing those effects. Consequently, oil will continue to be used for quenching as long as it is affordable.
For the application in heat baths there are several types of quenching oils suitable for steels with low to high hardenability. Thanks to the properties of these oils, it is possible to quench also into the martensitic temperature range - i.e. in a range between 160 and 250 °C with minimum distortion, while still obtaining the desired properties in metal parts.
Besides hardenability, selection of an oil formulation depends on part geometry and thickness, and the degree of distortion that can be tolerated. For example, hot oil is required for smaller parts with high hardenability to achieve the desired mechanical properties with minimum distortion.
Quenching oils are available with flash points ranging from 130°C to 290°C. The operating temperature of the oil in an open quench tank is normally at least 65°C below its flash point. When the quench tank is operated under a protective atmosphere, oil can be used at as high as 10 °C below the flash point. The operating range of a heat bath quenching oils is normally from 10°C to 230°C. A lower operating temperature is in any case helpful in minimizing thermal degradation of the oil.
Originally, oil was used without any additives. It was slow in cooling and susceptible to oxidation. Research was carried out to overcome these shortcomings by adding certain chemical additives to the oil. In addition, the objective was to make oil quenching more reliable and uniform, and to control the vapor phase by starting the nucleate boiling stage sooner. Consequently, the term "fast oil" is applied to oil with such additives. Some oils also have additives that extend the nucleate boiling stage to achieve deeper hardening for some steel . Specially formulated oils also are available for vacuum heat-treating operations.
The use of mineral oils mixtures for quenching purposes is described for instance in the patents US 3 853 638, US 4 465 523 and US 6 239 082.
Those patents disclose different compositions for quenching processes comprising mineral oils and additive
substances which should achieve the stabilization of the chemical and technological properties of the mixtures.
Nevertheless the use of oil baths - even of vegetal origin - in the tempering process still shows limits in terms of life-time and stability of the oils, due to the continuous thermal shocks involved.
This kind of degeneration exhibits its effects approximately one year after the first use of the quenching composition and is manifested by exhalations of vapors containing, among other components, alkenes and C6-Ci8 Aldheydes which, besides the disadvantages related to the composition integrity, confer a typical bed smell to the oil .
In the prior art this problem is solved in the most cases by pumping the degeneration vapors into a thermal burner which neutralizes them, or by filtering the oil composition by means of complex apparatuses, like the cases disclosed in the patents US 5,630,912 and US 5,824,211. This assuages the aspect of the environmental impact of those compounds but leaves unsolved the problems connected to the unavoidable lowering of the so called "oil flash point" , whose value is established by formal norms .
Furthermore, the necessity of employing a regeneration plant leads to the logistical and economical inconvenient of collecting and transporting the used oil to the plant site, thus influencing and conditioning negatively the productivity of the quenching process.
Scope of the invention
Scope of the present invention is therefore to find a convenient way of regenerating and deodorizing used quenching oils of both mineral and vegetal origin, which allows to neutralize the compounds resulting from the degeneration and degradation process of such oil compositions without influencing their flash point value.
A further scope of the invention is to provide a regeneration apparatus and process which facilitate the regeneration procedure and which does not affects the heat treatment performance.
Description of the invention
A solution to the above cited problems is given by an apparatus as defined in claim 1 and by the process defined in claim 11. Further advantages are listed in the dependent claims.
The regeneration apparatus according to the present invention comprises :
- a device for extracting fractions of said compositions from a treatment tank,
- an evaporation circuit comprising a return conduct, a heater and a flash reactor,
- a heat exchanger for condensing the waste vapors
- a waste collector which collects the vapors condensed in the heat exchanger.
This apparatus, allows to extract effectively the undesired degradation compounds from the oil composition, by submitting every fraction of used oil to different extraction cycles.
This is made possible by the return conduct, which by means of a return pump can bring back the purified oil, which has already undergone an extraction cycle, to the heater and then from here to the flash reactor of the evaporation circuit for a new waste separation. The purification process can be therefore repeated as many times as necessary until the desired number of cycles and thus the desired purity level have been reached.
The treated oil can then exit the return conduct and reach the initial treatment tank at a flow rate which is controlled by the use of oil level-check devices.
At this point, a new fraction of quenching oil composition to be regenerated can be extracted from the tempering tank by means of the extracting device and then introduced in the return conduct of the evaporation circuit. The extracting device can be every sort of volumetric sampler, like e.g. a pump.
The undesired waste compounds are extracted from the oil composition by heating each oil fraction and then introducing it into the flash generator. The heating is accomplished by a heater which works at a temperature comprised between 150 and 250 °C and which brings the heated oil fraction to the flash reactor. Here, by means of inlet nozzles positioned at the inflowing side of the heated oil, the waste products contained in the oil fraction are vaporized.
In order to optimize the vaporization process, the flash reactor works under vacuum by means of a high vacuum pump. Through this simple and quick evaporation process, the flash point value of the treated oil composition is not affected and contemporary the undesired oil components are selectively removed.
The vaporized substances are then conducted to the heat exchanger, which is cooled by a chiller at a temperature comprised between -5 and 5°C. By lowering the temperature of the vapors, the effects of avoiding volatile exhalations and condensing the separated fractions with high recovery are contemporary achieved. The so obtained condensed product is then collected in the waste collecting unit connected to the heat exchanger.
The entire oil regeneration process is controlled and run by means of a central control unit, with which every single procedural parameter can be modified and suited to the specific operating conditions by every cycle and in every case .
The duration of the process and thus the number of cycles depends on the oil quantity introduced in the evaporation circuit by the extracting device. The present apparatus allows to reach a treated oil quantity up to 400 Kg/h, which corresponds to 50 cycles circa.
With this method it is therefore possible to obtain a high purity final product, where the degeneration compounds have been completely eliminated and which shows a purity level allowing it to be immediately employed in a new quenching procedure .
A further advantageous aspect of the present invention is given by fact that the whole apparatus is assembled on a mobile base made of different materials, like e.g. steel but also other non-metals materials, which can be moved and maneuvered by a single operator.
This allows to avoid the used quenching oil being transported to the regeneration plant - with consequent logistic and economic disadvantages - and brings instead the regeneration apparatus directly to the tempering tank, where the process can be immediately applied. This shortens extremely the dead-time of the quenching procedure and contemporary does not affect the purification process itself.
Description of the drawings
Fig. 1 shows a scheme of a preferred embodiment of the apparatus according to the present invention. The components are represented without any limitation regarding the application of the inventive concept and represent more a simplified view which can ease the explanation of the essential features of the apparatus.
The quenching oil composition which has to be treated is extracted from the tempering tank 1 by means of the extracting device 2, which in the specific case is a volumetric pump, which brings the collected oil fraction to the return conduct 3. From here, the oil fraction
reaches the heater 3c and from there the flash reactor 4 where the undesired fractions are volatilized by passing through the inlet nozzles 4a. A high vacuum pump 5a facilitates the vapors extraction in the flash reactor 4.
The oil purified after the first cycle is then reintroduced in the return conduct 3 , where by means of the valve 3b can either re-enter the heater 3c for another separation process or return to the tank 1 if the desired purity level has already been reached.
The vapors of the separated substances are cooled by the heat exchanger 5, which is connected to the chiller 5b. The undesired waste compounds are then condensed into the collecting unit 6.
Claims
Apparatus for the regeneration of quenching oil compositions comprising:
- a device (2) for extracting fractions of said compositions from a treatment tank (1) ,
- an evaporation circuit comprising a return conduct (3) , a heater (3c) and a flash reactor (4),
- a heat exchanger (5) for condensing the waste vapors
- a waste collector (6) which collects the vapors condensed in the heat exchanger (5) .
Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the device (2) for extracting the oil fractions is a volumetric pump.
Apparatus according to the claims 1 and 2 , characterized in that the return conduct (3) is provided with a return pump (3a) and a return valve (3b) .
4. Apparatus according to the claims 1 to 3 , characterized in that the flash reactor (4) shows at the inflowing side of the heated oil inlet nozzles (4a) for the evaporation of the waste components.
5. Apparatus according to the claims 1 to 4 , characterized in that the heat exchanger (5) is connected to the flash reactor (4) and a high vacuum pump (5a) .
6. Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that the heat exchanger (5) is provided with a chiller (5b) .
7. Apparatus according to the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the waste collector (6) is connected to the heat exchanger (5) .
8. Apparatus according to the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that a mobile base is provided, on which the components are assembled.
9. Apparatus according to the claims 1 to 8 , characterized in that a central control unit is provided for running the regeneration process.
10. Apparatus according to the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that oil level-check devices are provided for controlling the regenerated and not- regenerated oil volumes.
11. Quenching oil regeneration process comprising the following steps:
- pumping a fraction of the oil from a treatment tank (1)
- heating the oil fraction
- vaporizing the waste products in a flash reactor
(4)
- cooling and condensing the vaporized products for subsequent gravity separation characterized in that each quenching oil fraction undergoes a programmable number of waste separation cycles .
12. Regeneration process according to claim 11, characterized in that the quenching oil fractions are heated at a temperature comprised between 150 and 250°C
13. Regeneration process according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that each oil fraction is heated under vacuum to facilitate the waste products evaporation.
14. Regeneration process according to the claims 11 to 13, characterized in that the extracted waste products vapors are cooled to avoid volatile exhalations.
15. Regeneration process according to claim 14, characterized in that the vapors are cooled at a temperature comprised between -5 and 5°C.
16. Regeneration process according to the claims 11 to IV, characterized in that after completion of the waste extraction process the treated oil is brought back to the initial treatment tank (1)
17. Use of the apparatus of claim 1, for the regeneration of quenching oil compositions.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2003/004881 WO2004099345A1 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2003-05-09 | Apparatus and method for the regeneration of quenching oils |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1622994A1 true EP1622994A1 (en) | 2006-02-08 |
Family
ID=33426935
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03732338A Withdrawn EP1622994A1 (en) | 2003-05-09 | 2003-05-09 | Apparatus and method for the regeneration of quenching oils |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1622994A1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003239858A1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004099345A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111225725A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2020-06-02 | 海德鲁铝业钢材有限公司 | Treatment of filtered rolling oil and filter aid |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP2072601A1 (en) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-06-24 | Archimede Ricerche SRL | Apparatus and method for drying biodiesel |
| CN106281634A (en) * | 2016-08-26 | 2017-01-04 | 胜利油田海博工贸有限责任公司 | Multi-functional automatic oil filter |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CA1174630A (en) * | 1981-06-08 | 1984-09-18 | Donald M. Haskell | Reclaiming used lubricating oil |
| US5116485A (en) * | 1988-07-29 | 1992-05-26 | Krisa Thomas E | Apparatus and method for recovering diesel-quality fuel from produced crude oil |
| IT1255534B (en) * | 1992-09-30 | 1995-11-09 | WASTE OIL REFINING PROCESS | |
| CH684057A5 (en) * | 1992-11-30 | 1994-07-15 | Buss Ag | Methods for further processing the vacuum residue in a crude oil refinery. |
| RU2114893C1 (en) * | 1997-09-04 | 1998-07-10 | Сергей Анатольевич Попов | Method and installation for distilling multicomponent mixture |
-
2003
- 2003-05-09 EP EP03732338A patent/EP1622994A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2003-05-09 AU AU2003239858A patent/AU2003239858A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-05-09 WO PCT/EP2003/004881 patent/WO2004099345A1/en active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2004099345A1 * |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN111225725A (en) * | 2017-10-17 | 2020-06-02 | 海德鲁铝业钢材有限公司 | Treatment of filtered rolling oil and filter aid |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU2003239858A1 (en) | 2004-11-26 |
| WO2004099345A1 (en) | 2004-11-18 |
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