EP1619930B1 - Linear reflector and radiant heater assembly and heating assembly comprising the same - Google Patents

Linear reflector and radiant heater assembly and heating assembly comprising the same Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1619930B1
EP1619930B1 EP05015495A EP05015495A EP1619930B1 EP 1619930 B1 EP1619930 B1 EP 1619930B1 EP 05015495 A EP05015495 A EP 05015495A EP 05015495 A EP05015495 A EP 05015495A EP 1619930 B1 EP1619930 B1 EP 1619930B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
heat radiator
radiator according
layer
linear heat
tearable layer
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1619930A1 (en
Inventor
Detlev Krieger
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D Krieger GmbH
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D Krieger GmbH
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/40—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes
    • H05B3/42—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible
    • H05B3/44—Heating elements having the shape of rods or tubes non-flexible heating conductor arranged within rods or tubes of insulating material
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
    • H05B3/0033—Heating devices using lamps
    • H05B3/0038—Heating devices using lamps for industrial applications
    • H05B3/0052—Heating devices using lamps for industrial applications for fluid treatments
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
    • H05B2203/032—Heaters specially adapted for heating by radiation heating

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a linear reflector radiant heater according to the preamble of claim 1 and a heating arrangement with the same according to the preamble of claim 14.
  • linear radiant heaters used, which consist of a tubular, internally heated glass body and are equipped with a radiation reflector surrounding a partial surface of the tubular glass body. In this way, energy-saving direct heating of a selected surface area is possible.
  • an inner helical resistance heating element is used, wherein the radiation reflector is provided on the chocolate liquid surface opposite side of the glass tube.
  • a line-shaped radiant heater for direct surface heating of liquids or solids which has a tubular, internally heatable glass body and a radiation reflector.
  • the radiation reflector surrounds a partial surface of the tubular radiation body and is formed of electrically conductive material.
  • the radiation reflector is covered by a protective layer and laterally surrounded.
  • the protective layer is made of electrically non-conductive material, so that the radiation reflector is electrically insulated on one side by the glass body and on the other side by the protective layer.
  • Linear radiant heaters of comparable construction are made GB-A-1541980 such as DE 10253582 B3 known.
  • Out DE 20314653 U1 such as DE 20314654 U1
  • line-shaped radiant heaters are known, in which heat-radiating films form a heat source, which is surrounded by a housing made of metal or the like.
  • the present invention seeks to reduce the risk of contamination of directly heated goods by generic radiant heaters. This object is achieved by a linear reflector radiant heater having the features of claim 1 and a heating arrangement with the features of claim 14.
  • the invention is based on the recognition that in the line-shaped radiant heaters in question a thermal overload can occur at any point along the longitudinal extent of the internally heated glass body and does not necessarily have to spread from there. Under certain circumstances, the integrity of the internally heated glass body remains long after the occurrence of local overheating, even if at a certain point along the longitudinal extent of the internally heated glass body cracks have already formed in the glass. Usually will cause such local overheating that there burns the normally used electrical resistance heating coil, so that the damage is then detected and the radiant heater can be replaced before the glass body loses its integrity.
  • the invention makes it possible to detect a vitreous fracture in the non-heating state.
  • the invention makes use, on the one hand, of the knowledge that an electrical interconnect extending along the longitudinal extent of the tubular glass body permits a sufficiently reliable early detection of damage to the tubular glass body, although the interconnect does not cover the circumference of the tubular glass body, but only a strip-shaped surface area, extending from one end to the other of the tubular one heated glass body extends.
  • the invention makes use of the knowledge that the electrical conductor can be formed as a tearable layer, so that even relatively low longitudinal stresses in the tubular glass body lead to at least partial tearing of the layer and thus interrupting the conductor or changing their line characteristic.
  • the electrical safety technology including from the DE 7142597 U long known to use the galvanic interruption of a conductor for switching off a heating current.
  • these known methods can not be transferred to linear reflector radiators and their particular use for the direct heating of liquids and solids, because the geometric conditions and application problems are extremely different.
  • vapor-deposited electrically conductive layers have proven to be particularly effective.
  • the radiation reflector can be arranged at a distance from the glass body.
  • a directly attached to the tubular glass body reflector layer has been found, especially if it also serves as a tearable layer in the context of the invention. If such a reflector layer is formed as a meandering path, a particularly high cut-off reliability is achieved at the same time good reflection performance.
  • a rupturable layer according to the invention may also be provided, if appropriate, exclusively on the side opposite the reflector (front side) of the glass body, if the transmission reduction thereby becomes acceptable in the individual case Keeps borders.
  • the line-shaped radiant heater is equipped according to an embodiment of the invention with a measuring and switching device which detects changes in the line characteristic associated with damage to the heatable layer, thereby an early detection of damage to the tubular glass body can be achieved even if the tearable Layer not yet galvanically severed but only torn.
  • a measuring device may also be integrated in the line-shaped radiant heater, while a switching device, for. B. for controlling or switching off the heating or for the output of optical / or acoustic alarm from the linear radiant heater is usually separated.
  • a “linear radiant heater” in the sense of this invention may be any of such radiant heaters consisting of a “tubular" glass body, e.g. bent, cast, or otherwise machined into arbitrary shaped shapes (e.g., meandering, circular, helical, etc.), not just straight elongated tubular bodies.
  • the cavity cross section of the tubular glass body is not necessarily circular, but can be chosen arbitrarily (for example, square, elliptical, etc.).
  • the outer contour of the glass body can therefore also be of a planar nature, such as e.g. in the MehrrohrMapstrahlern described below or similar to so-called multi-wall sheets.
  • FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment, a radiant heater 1 in which the glass tube 10 is configured such that it provides two mutually parallel, mutually separate cavities, each centrally a helix 30 is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the glass tube 10.
  • the incorporated into the glass tube 10 and serving as a reflector layer rupturable layer 20 substantially covers the one (upper in the drawing) half of the glass tube 10, so that the heat generated by the two coil 30 turn for the most part from the (lower in the drawing ) Area of Glasrohres10 emerges.
  • more than one tearable layer is used or that a tearable layer can be multi-part.
  • FIG. 3 shows the twin-tube radiant heater 1 with serving simultaneously as a reflector layer tearable layer 20 in plan view (in the drawing from above).
  • connections 40 with which the not visible in the present figure coil 30 can be supplied with electric current.
  • the terminals 40 correspond to conventional terminals, so that a simple replacement or installation of the radiant heater 1 according to the invention in existing holding devices is unproblematic.
  • contacts (not shown in the drawing) are arranged, which are in electrically conductive connection with the rupturable layer 20 serving as a reflector layer.
  • the contacts are each secured to the glass tube 10 or to the surface thereof by means of a holder 52, which at least partially surrounds the glass tube 10, in order thus to ensure a sufficient hold and reliable connection of the contacts.
  • the contacts may either be completely outside with a rupturable layer 20 disposed on the outside of the glass tube 10, or may lead outwardly at a rupturable layer 20 disposed in the glass tube 10 or on the inside of the glass tube 10.
  • An external measuring and switching device (not shown), which can detect a change in the line characteristic of the at least one rupturable layer 20, can be connected to these contacts.
  • FIG. 3a is an enlarged detail of the in FIG. 3 shown enlarged left and in the holder 52 and with the tearable layer 20 in electrical connection terminal contacts 50. Furthermore, it is easy to see how the reflector layer results from a one-piece, meandering and rupturable layer. In this case, the distance a between two loops in the longitudinal direction is kept low, so that a reflector layer which is as dense as possible is obtained, and accordingly little heating power (infrared radiation) is transmitted.
  • the distance a must be at least so great that an unavoidable expansion of the tearable layer 20 during operation, especially in the longitudinal direction of the radiant heater 1, leads to an unwanted additional connection of the loops, which improves the accuracy and reliability of the tearable layer 20 as a breakage sensor would reduce.
  • FIG. 4 shows the twin-tube radiant heater 1 according to the invention in plan view from below.
  • the mutually parallel helix 30 can be seen in this illustration.
  • brackets 52 for the contacts 50, not shown, which are in electrical contact with the tearable layer 20, also not shown, can be seen.
  • FIG. 5 finally shows the radiant heater 1 according to the invention in plan view from the side.
  • the rupturable layer 20 serving as a reflector layer, which is arranged on the upper side of the glass tube 10, both the helix 30, the terminals 40 and the holders 52, to which the terminal contacts 50 are fastened, can be seen.
  • an external measuring and switching device can be connected, which checks the line characteristic of serving as a reflector layer rupturable layer 20 and a breakage of the glass tube 10 and an associated damage to the tearable layer 20 generates a corresponding signal, which can be used to regulate the power supply to the terminals 40, in particular to turn off, or to issue an audible and / or visual alarm signal, so that a threat to the environment can be almost excluded.
  • FIG. 6 shows a further alternative of the line-shaped radiant heater 1 according to the invention in plan view from below.
  • the mutually parallel helix 30 extending conductors are visible in this alternative at the bottom, which are sections of the tearable layer 20. These run transversely to the longitudinal direction of the linear heater 1 and "monitor" in the given case, in particular its underside. Therefore, the distance between these sections is relatively large, so that the exiting infrared radiation is reduced only slightly.
  • the portions of the tearable layer 20 may be connected to a rupturable layer extending in the longitudinal direction of the radiant heater 1 such that the entire rupturable Layer 20 extends on one path from the one side of the radiant heater 1 to the other side.
  • FIG. 7 shows the alternative in connection with a serving as a reflector meandering rupturable layer.
  • the meandering tearable layer does not form a loop at four points, but rather circles around the circumference slightly helically (with a slight longitudinal displacement by the distance a) of the radiant heater 1, and again on the other side with another Part of the meandering layer to connect, so that the adjacent meandering sections are connected by the sections.
  • the tearable layer 20 is to be interrupted or weakened at any location (within a meandering area or portion), the tearable layer 20 will no longer provide a conductive connection between the terminal contacts 50, or itself their line characteristics, eg their electrical resistance, changes.
  • the number of such sections surrounding the radiant heater 1 is not limited to four. Rather, it is conceivable that the at least one tearable layer is arranged as extending in the longitudinal direction, wherein the number of sections and their arrangement can be arbitrarily designed, so that a single-path "net-like" structure is conceivable.

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  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Electric Stoves And Ranges (AREA)

Abstract

The linear radiant heater (1) has a glass tube (10) containing an electrical resistance heating spiral (30) with electrical connectors (40) and a reflective metallic coating (20) over the upper half of the length acting as a reflector and glass tube heater with electrical terminals (50,52).

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen linienförmigen Reflektor-Heizstrahler gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 sowie eine Beheizungsanordnung mit demselben gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 14.The invention relates to a linear reflector radiant heater according to the preamble of claim 1 and a heating arrangement with the same according to the preamble of claim 14.

Für die direkte Oberflächenbeheizung von festen Stoffen und Flüssigkeiten werden in der Lebensmittelindustrie, z. B. zum Erwärmen von Formen für Schokolade, linienförmige Heizstrahler eingesetzt, die aus einem rohrförmigen, innen beheizten Glaskörper bestehen und mit einem Strahlungsreflektor ausgestattet sind, der eine Teilfläche des rohrförmigen Glaskörpers umgibt. Auf diese Weise ist eine energiesparende Direktbeheizung eines ausgewählten Oberflächenbereiches möglich. Hierzu werden in der Regel gerade gestreckte zylindrische Glasrohre einem innen liegenden wendelförmigen Widerstands-Heizleiters verwendet, wobei der Strahlungsreflektor auf der der Schokoladenflüssigkeitsoberfläche entgegengesetzten Seite des Glasrohres vorgesehen ist.For the direct surface heating of solids and liquids are used in the food industry, eg. B. for heating molds for chocolate, linear radiant heaters used, which consist of a tubular, internally heated glass body and are equipped with a radiation reflector surrounding a partial surface of the tubular glass body. In this way, energy-saving direct heating of a selected surface area is possible. For this purpose, usually straight elongated cylindrical glass tubes an inner helical resistance heating element is used, wherein the radiation reflector is provided on the chocolate liquid surface opposite side of the glass tube.

Bei vielen technischen Anwendungen der vorgenannten Art, insbesondere in der Lebensmittelindustrie gelten besonders strenge Reinheitsbedingungen. Es ist daher seit langem nach Wegen gesucht worden, wie im Falle eines Defektes des Heizstrahlers, insbesondere eines Glasbruches vermieden werden kann, dass kontaminierende oder gesundheitsgefährdende Stoffe von dem Heizstrahler auf die direkt beheizte Flüssigkeits- oder Feststoffoberfläche gelangen und damit die Flüssigkeit oder den Feststoff verderben können. Es hat sich gezeigt, dass mechanische Mittel wie sie z. B. bei Automobil-Fensterscheiben zur Vermeidung der Splittergefahr bekannt sind, keine ausreichende Sicherheit bieten. Außerdem ist eine ausreichende Infrarot-Durchlässigkeit erforderlich. Bei den hier in Rede stehenden linienförmigen Heizstrahlern sind nämlich zum einen die Oberflächentemperaturen des beheizten Glaskörpers von Hause aus außerordentlich hoch, zum anderen ist die Wärmestrahlungsbelastung pro Flächeneinheit wegen der rohrförmigen Ausbildung der beheizten Glaskörper vergleichsweise hoch. Die Temperaturbelastung des Glaskörpers ist zudem wegen des Vorhandenseins des Strahlungsreflektors auf etwa der einen Umfangshälfte des linienförmigen Glaskörpers unsymmetrisch.In many technical applications of the aforementioned type, in particular in the food industry, particularly strict purity conditions apply. It has therefore long been sought ways, as in the case of a defect of the radiant heater, in particular a glass break can be avoided that contaminating or hazardous substances from the radiant heater on the directly heated liquid or solid surface and thus spoil the liquid or the solid can. It has been found that mechanical means such as z. B. in automotive windows to avoid the risk of splintering are known to provide sufficient security. In addition, sufficient infrared transmission is required. In the case of the line-shaped radiant heaters in question, the surface temperatures of the heated glass body are extraordinarily high on the one hand, and, on the other hand, the heat radiation load per unit area is comparatively high because of the tubular design of the heated glass body high. The temperature load of the glass body is also due to the presence of the radiation reflector on approximately one half of the circumference of the linear glass body unbalanced.

Aus US 2003/175020 A1 ist ein linienförmiger Heizstrahler zur direkten Oberflächenbeheizung von Flüssigkeiten oder festen Stoffen bekannt, der einen rohrförmigen, innen beheizbaren Glaskörper und einen Strahlungsreflektor aufweist. Der Strahlungsreflektor umgibt eine Teilfläche des rohrförmigen Strahlungskörpers und ist aus elektrisch leitfähigem Material gebildet. Der Strahlungsreflektor ist von einer Schutzschicht bedeckt und seitlich umgeben. Die Schutzschicht besteht aus elektrisch nicht leitfähigem Material, so dass der Strahlungsreflektor auf der einen Seite durch den Glaskörper und auf der anderen Seite durch die Schutzschicht elektrisch isoliert ist. Linienförmige Heizstrahler vergleichbaren Aufbaus sind aus GB-A-1541980 sowie DE 10253582 B3 bekannt. Aus DE 20314653 U1 sowie DE 20314654 U1 sind jeweils linienförmige Heizstrahler bekannt, bei denen wärmeabstrahlende Folien eine Wärmequelle bilden, die von einem Gehäuse aus Metall oder der Gleichen umgeben ist.Out US 2003/175020 A1 a line-shaped radiant heater for direct surface heating of liquids or solids is known, which has a tubular, internally heatable glass body and a radiation reflector. The radiation reflector surrounds a partial surface of the tubular radiation body and is formed of electrically conductive material. The radiation reflector is covered by a protective layer and laterally surrounded. The protective layer is made of electrically non-conductive material, so that the radiation reflector is electrically insulated on one side by the glass body and on the other side by the protective layer. Linear radiant heaters of comparable construction are made GB-A-1541980 such as DE 10253582 B3 known. Out DE 20314653 U1 such as DE 20314654 U1 In each case, line-shaped radiant heaters are known, in which heat-radiating films form a heat source, which is surrounded by a housing made of metal or the like.

Davon ausgehend liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Kontaminierungsgefahr des direkt beheizten Gutes durch gattungsgemäße Heizstrahler zu vermindern. Diese Aufgabe wird durch einen linienförmigen Reflektor-Heizstrahler mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 sowie eine Beheizungsanordnung mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 14 gelöst.Based on this, the present invention seeks to reduce the risk of contamination of directly heated goods by generic radiant heaters. This object is achieved by a linear reflector radiant heater having the features of claim 1 and a heating arrangement with the features of claim 14.

Die Erfindung geht von der Erkenntnis aus, dass bei den hier in Rede stehenden linienförmigen Heizstrahlern eine thermische Überbelastung sich an jedem beliebigen Punkt entlang der Längsausdehnung des innen beheizten Glaskörpers auftreten kann und sich von dort nicht zwingend ausbreiten muss. Unter Umständen bleibt die Integrität des innen beheizten Glaskörpers noch lange nach dem Auftreten lokaler Überhitzungen erhalten, selbst wenn an einer bestimmten Stelle entlang der Längsausdehnung des innen beheizten Glaskörpers bereits Risse im Glas entstanden sind. In der Regel wird eine derartige lokale Überhitzung dazu führen, dass dort die normalerweise verwendete elektrischen Widerstandsheizwendel durchbrennt, so dass der Schaden dann erkannt wird und der Heizstrahler ausgetauscht werden kann, bevor der Glaskörper seine Integrität verliert. Es hat sich nun herausgestellt, dass durch die Erfindung unter anderem eine Früherkennung von Schädigungen des linienförmigen Heizstrahlers in einer Weise möglich wird, dass die Beheizung abgeschaltet werden kann rechtzeitig bevor Glassplitter, schädliche Dämpfe oder andere Kontaminationen auf die direkt beheizte Flüssigkeits- oder Feststoffoberfläche gelangen können. Die Erfindung gestattet es auch einen Glaskörperbruch im Nicht-Beheizungszustand zu erkennen. Die Erfindung macht sich zum einen die Erkenntnis zu Nutze, dass eine entlang der Längsausdehnung des rohrförmigen Glaskörpers erstreckte elektrische Leiterbahn eine ausreichend sichere Früherkennung von Schäden am rohrförmigen Glaskörper erlaubt, obwohl die Leiterbahn nicht den Umfang des Rohrförmigen Glaskörpers erfasst, sondern nur einen streifenförmigen Oberflächenbereich, der sich vom einen zum anderen Ende des rohrförmigen beheizten Glaskörpers erstreckt. Zum anderen macht sich die Erfindung die Erkenntnis zu Nutze, dass die elektrische Leiterbahn als zerreißbare Schicht ausgebildet werden kann, so dass bereits relativ geringe Längsspannungen im rohrförmigen Glaskörper zum zumindest teilweisen Zerreißen der Schicht und damit Unterbrechen der Leiterbahn oder Ändern ihrer Leitungscharakteristik führen. Zwar ist es in der elektrischen Sicherheitstechnik, u. a. aus der DE 7142597 U seit langem bekannt, die galvanische Unterbrechung einer Leiterbahn zum Abschalten eines Heizstromes zu verwenden. Diese bekannten Methoden lassen sich jedoch auf linienförmige Reflektorstrahler und ihre besondere Verwendung zur Direktbeheizung von Flüssigkeiten und Feststoffen nicht übertragen, weil die geometrischen Verhältnisse und Anwendungsproblematik außerordentlich verschieden sind.The invention is based on the recognition that in the line-shaped radiant heaters in question a thermal overload can occur at any point along the longitudinal extent of the internally heated glass body and does not necessarily have to spread from there. Under certain circumstances, the integrity of the internally heated glass body remains long after the occurrence of local overheating, even if at a certain point along the longitudinal extent of the internally heated glass body cracks have already formed in the glass. Usually will cause such local overheating that there burns the normally used electrical resistance heating coil, so that the damage is then detected and the radiant heater can be replaced before the glass body loses its integrity. It has now been found that, among other things, an early detection of damage to the line-shaped radiant heater is possible by the invention in such a way that the heating can be switched off in good time before broken glass, harmful vapors or other contaminants can reach the directly heated liquid or solid surface , The invention also makes it possible to detect a vitreous fracture in the non-heating state. The invention makes use, on the one hand, of the knowledge that an electrical interconnect extending along the longitudinal extent of the tubular glass body permits a sufficiently reliable early detection of damage to the tubular glass body, although the interconnect does not cover the circumference of the tubular glass body, but only a strip-shaped surface area, extending from one end to the other of the tubular one heated glass body extends. On the other hand, the invention makes use of the knowledge that the electrical conductor can be formed as a tearable layer, so that even relatively low longitudinal stresses in the tubular glass body lead to at least partial tearing of the layer and thus interrupting the conductor or changing their line characteristic. Although it is in the electrical safety technology, including from the DE 7142597 U long known to use the galvanic interruption of a conductor for switching off a heating current. However, these known methods can not be transferred to linear reflector radiators and their particular use for the direct heating of liquids and solids, because the geometric conditions and application problems are extremely different.

Durch die Erfindung wird erreicht, dass bei linienförmigen Reflektor-Heizstrahlern Schädigungen des rohrförmigen beheizten Glaskörpers so frühzeitig erkannt und Kontaminierungen der direkt beheizten Oberflächen von Flüssigkeiten oder festen Stoffen, insbesondere in der Lebensmittelindustrie, so gut wie vollständig vermieden werden können.It is achieved by the invention that, with linear reflector radiant heaters, damage to the tubular heated glass body is detected at such an early stage and contamination of the directly heated surfaces of liquids or solid substances, in particular in the food industry, can be virtually completely avoided.

Als zerreißbare Schicht haben sich aufgedampfte elektrisch leitende Schichten als besonders wirkungsvoll erwiesen.As a tearable layer, vapor-deposited electrically conductive layers have proven to be particularly effective.

Grundsätzlich kann der Strahlungsreflektor mit Abstand von dem Glaskörper angeordnet sein. Als eine besonders effiziente Anordnung hat sich die Nutzung einer unmittelbar am rohrförmigen Glaskörper angebrachten Reflektorschicht erwiesen, insbesondere dann, wenn sie gleichzeitig als reißbare Schicht im Sinne der Erfindung dient. Wenn eine derartige Reflektorschicht als meanderförmige Bahn ausgebildet ist, wird eine besonders hohe Abschaltsicherheit bei gleichzeitig guter Reflektionsleistung erreicht. Eine reißbare Schicht nach der Erfindung kann auch gegebenenfalls ausschließlich auf der dem Reflektor gegenüberliegenden Seite (Frontseite) des Glaskörpers vorgesehen sein, wenn dadurch die Durchstrahlungsminderung sich in den im Einzelfall akzeptablen Grenzen hält. Ganz besonders bevorzugt ist eine Kombination einer als Reflektor dienenden reißbaren Schicht mit mindestens einer reißbaren Schicht an der Frontseite des Glaskörpers.In principle, the radiation reflector can be arranged at a distance from the glass body. As a particularly efficient arrangement, the use of a directly attached to the tubular glass body reflector layer has been found, especially if it also serves as a tearable layer in the context of the invention. If such a reflector layer is formed as a meandering path, a particularly high cut-off reliability is achieved at the same time good reflection performance. A rupturable layer according to the invention may also be provided, if appropriate, exclusively on the side opposite the reflector (front side) of the glass body, if the transmission reduction thereby becomes acceptable in the individual case Keeps borders. Especially preferred is a combination of a rupturable layer serving as a reflector with at least one rupturable layer on the front side of the glass body.

Wenn der linienförmige Heizstrahler gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfindung mit einer Mess- und Schaltvorrichtung ausgestattet wird, welche Änderungen der Leitungscharakteristik erkennt, die mit Beschädigungen der heizbaren Schicht einhergehen, kann dadurch eine Früherkennung von Schäden am rohrförmigen Glaskörper auch dann bereits erzielt werden, wenn die reißbare Schicht noch nicht galvanisch durchtrennt sondern lediglich eingerissen ist. Eine derartige Messvorrichtung kann auch in den linienförmigen Heizstrahler integriert sein, während eine Schaltvorrichtung, z. B. zum Regeln oder Abschalten der Beheizung oder zur Ausgabe optischer/oder akustischer Alarmgeber vom linienförmigen Heizstrahler in der Regel separiert sein wird.If the line-shaped radiant heater is equipped according to an embodiment of the invention with a measuring and switching device which detects changes in the line characteristic associated with damage to the heatable layer, thereby an early detection of damage to the tubular glass body can be achieved even if the tearable Layer not yet galvanically severed but only torn. Such a measuring device may also be integrated in the line-shaped radiant heater, while a switching device, for. B. for controlling or switching off the heating or for the output of optical / or acoustic alarm from the linear radiant heater is usually separated.

Bei einem "linienförmigen Heizstrahler" im Sinne dieser Erfindung kann es sich um all solche Heizstrahler handeln, die aus einem "rohrförmigen" Glaskörper bestehen, welcher z.B. durch Biegen, Gießen, oder durch eine sonstige Bearbeitung in eine beliebig geformte Gestalt gebracht wurde (z.B. meanderförmig, kreisförmig, helixförmig, etc.), also nicht nur um gerade gestreckte rohrförmige Körper. Dabei ist der Hohlraumquerschnitt des rohrförmigen Glaskörpers nicht zwingend notwendig kreisförmig, sondern kann beliebig gewählt werden (z.B. quadratisch, elliptisch, etc.). Die Außenkontur des Glaskörpers kann also durchaus auch flächiger Natur sein, wie z.B. bei den nachfolgend beschriebenen Mehrrohrheizstrahlern oder ähnlich wie bei so genannten Stegplatten.A "linear radiant heater" in the sense of this invention may be any of such radiant heaters consisting of a "tubular" glass body, e.g. bent, cast, or otherwise machined into arbitrary shaped shapes (e.g., meandering, circular, helical, etc.), not just straight elongated tubular bodies. In this case, the cavity cross section of the tubular glass body is not necessarily circular, but can be chosen arbitrarily (for example, square, elliptical, etc.). The outer contour of the glass body can therefore also be of a planar nature, such as e.g. in the Mehrrohrheizstrahlern described below or similar to so-called multi-wall sheets.

Als besonders wirkungsvoll haben sich Mehrrohrheizstrahler erwiesen, die insbesondere als Zwillingsrohre mit gemeinsamen Strahlungsreflektor nicht nur thermisch sehr wirkungsvoll sind, sondern im Sinne der Aufgabe der Erfindung sehr sicher betreibbar sind.Mehrrohrheizstrahler have proven to be particularly effective, which are not only very effective as twin pipes with common radiation reflector not only very effective, but are very safe to operate within the meaning of the object of the invention.

Die vorgenannten sowie die beanspruchten und in den Ausführungsbeispielen beschriebenen erfindungsgemäß zu verwendenden Bauteile unterliegen in ihrer Größe, Formgestaltung, Materialauswahl und technischen Konzeption keinen besonderen Ausnahmebedingungen, so dass die in dem Anwendungsgebiet bekannten Auswahlkriterien uneingeschränkt Anwendung finden können.The above-mentioned and the claimed components to be used according to the invention described in the exemplary embodiments are not subject to special conditions of size, shape, material selection and technical design, so that the selection criteria known in the field of application can be used without restriction.

Weitere Einzelheiten, Merkmale und Vorteile des Gegenstandes der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, sowie aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung der zugehörigen Zeichnungen, in der - beispielhaft - Ausführungsbeispiele eines erfindungsgemäßen linienförmigen Reflektorheizstrahlers dargestellt sind. In den Zeichnungen zeigt:

Fig. 1
einen Einzelrohr-Strahler mit gleichzeitig als Reflektorschicht dienender reißbarer Schicht in Querschnittsansicht;
Fig. 2
einen Zwillingsrohr-Strahler mit gleichzeitig als Reflektorschicht dienender reißbarer Schicht in Querschnittsansicht (Schnitt entlang der Linie II - II gemäß Fig. 3a);
Fig. 3
denselben Zwillingsrohr-Strahler in Draufsicht (Ansicht A gemäß Fig. 2 und 5);
Fig. 3a
von der Darstellung nach Fig. 3 eine Detailansicht;
Fig. 4
denselben Zwillingsrohr-Strahler in Draufsicht von unten (Ansicht B gemäß Fig. 2 und 5);
Fig. 5
denselben Heizstrahler in Seitenansicht (Ansicht C gemäß Fig. 2, 3 und 4), sowie
Fig. 6
eine weitere Alternative eines linienförmigen Heizstrahlers in Draufsicht von unten;
Fig. 7
denselben linienförmigen Heizstrahler in Seitenansicht.
Aus Figur 1 ist ein erfindungsgemäßer Heizstrahler 1 im Querschnitt ersichtlich, der im wesentlichen aus einem Glasrohr 10, einer in die Oberfläche des Glasrohres 10 eingearbeiteten, insbesondere aufgedampften, reißbaren Schicht 20 und einer im wesentlichen zentral angeordneten Wendel 30 eines elektrischen Heizwiderstandes besteht. Die reißbare Schicht 20 ist dabei derart in das Glasrohr 10 eingearbeitet, dass sie deren einen (in der Zeichnung oberen) Teil bedeckt und damit gleichzeitig als Reflektorschicht dient, so dass der Großteil der von der Wendel 30 erzeugten Wärmestrahlung (Infrarotstrahlung) nach "unten" aus dem Glasrohr 10 austritt. Die Position, die Gestalt und die Breite der als Reflektorschicht dienenden reißbaren Schicht 20 ist im allgemeinen jedoch völlig frei wählbar. Vorzugsweise besteht die reißbare Schicht 20 aus einem Metall, insbesondere aus Gold.Further details, features and advantages of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, as well as from the following description of the accompanying drawings, in which - exemplary embodiments of a linear reflector Heizstrahlers invention are shown. In the drawings shows:
Fig. 1
a single-tube radiator with simultaneously serving as a reflector layer rupturable layer in cross-sectional view;
Fig. 2
a twin tube emitter with simultaneously serving as a reflector layer tearable layer in cross-sectional view (section along the line II - II according to Fig. 3a );
Fig. 3
the same twin tube radiator in plan view (view A according to Fig. 2 and 5 );
Fig. 3a
from the presentation Fig. 3 a detail view;
Fig. 4
the same twin tube radiator in plan view from below (View B according to Fig. 2 and 5 );
Fig. 5
the same radiant heater in side view (view C according to Fig. 2 . 3 and 4 ), such as
Fig. 6
a further alternative of a linear radiant heater in plan view from below;
Fig. 7
the same line-shaped radiant heater in side view.
Out FIG. 1 is an inventive radiant heater 1 in cross-section apparent, which consists essentially of a glass tube 10, an incorporated into the surface of the glass tube 10, in particular vapor-deposited, rupturable layer 20 and a substantially centrally disposed coil 30 of an electrical heating resistor. The tearable layer 20 is incorporated into the glass tube 10 in such a way that it covers one of its parts (upper part in the drawing) and thus at the same time serves as a reflector layer, so that the majority of the heat radiation (infrared radiation) generated by the helix 30 is "downwards". exits the glass tube 10. However, the position, the shape and the width of the rupturable layer 20 serving as a reflector layer can generally be chosen freely. Preferably, the tearable layer 20 is made of a metal, in particular gold.

Figur 2 zeigt als zweite Ausführungsform einen Heizstrahler 1 bei dem das Glasrohr 10 derart ausgestaltet ist, dass es zwei parallel zueinander verlaufende, voneinander getrennte Hohlräume bereitstellt, bei denen jeweils zentral eine Wendel 30 in Längsrichtung des Glasrohres 10 angeordnet ist. Die in das Glasrohr 10 eingearbeitete und als Reflektorschicht dienende reißbarer Schicht 20 überdeckt im wesentlichen die eine (in der Zeichnung obere) Hälfte des Glasrohres 10, so dass die von den zwei Wendel 30 erzeugte Wärmestrahlung wiederum zum größten Teil aus dem (in der Zeichnung unteren) Bereich des Glasrohres10 austritt. Für einen Fachmann ist es jedoch klar, dass mehr als eine reißbare Schicht verwendet werden, oder dass eine reißbare Schicht mehrteilig ausgestaltet sein kann. FIG. 2 shows a second embodiment, a radiant heater 1 in which the glass tube 10 is configured such that it provides two mutually parallel, mutually separate cavities, each centrally a helix 30 is arranged in the longitudinal direction of the glass tube 10. The incorporated into the glass tube 10 and serving as a reflector layer rupturable layer 20 substantially covers the one (upper in the drawing) half of the glass tube 10, so that the heat generated by the two coil 30 turn for the most part from the (lower in the drawing ) Area of Glasrohres10 emerges. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that more than one tearable layer is used or that a tearable layer can be multi-part.

Figur 3 zeigt den Zwillingsrohr-Heizstrahler 1 mit gleichzeitig als Reflektorschicht dienender reißbarer Schicht 20 in Draufsicht (in der Zeichnung von oben). An den Enden des Heizstrahlers 1 sind Anschlüsse 40 vorgesehen, mit denen die in der vorliegenden Figur nicht sichtbaren Wendel 30 mit elektrischem Strom versorgt werden können. Vorzugsweise entsprechen die Anschlüsse 40 herkömmlichen Anschlüssen, so dass ein einfacher Austausch bzw. Einbau des erfindungsgemäßen Heizstrahlers 1 in bereits vorhandenen Haltevorrichtungen unproblematisch ist. Im linken und rechten Endbereich des Heizstrahlers 1 sind (in der Zeichnung nicht dargestellte) Kontakte angeordnet, die in elektrisch leitender Verbindung mit der als Reflektorschicht dienenden reißbaren Schicht 20 stehen. Die Kontakte sind jeweils mit einer Halterung 52, welche das Glasrohr 10 zumindest teilweise umfasst, am Glasrohr 10 beziehungsweise an dessen Oberfläche befestigt, um so für einen ausreichenden Halt und eine zuverlässige Verbindung der Kontakte zu sorgen. Die Kontakte können bei einer an der Außenseite des Glasrohrs 10 angeordneten reißbaren Schicht 20 entweder vollständig außerhalb liegen, oder bei einer in dem Glasrohr 10 oder an der Innenseite des Glasrohrs 10 angeordneten reißbaren Schicht 20 nach außen führen. An diesen Kontakten kann eine externe Meß- und Schaltvorrichtung (nicht dargestellt) angeschlossen werden, die eine Änderung der Leitungscharakteristik der mindestens einen reißbaren Schicht 20 erkennen kann. FIG. 3 shows the twin-tube radiant heater 1 with serving simultaneously as a reflector layer tearable layer 20 in plan view (in the drawing from above). At the ends of the radiant heater 1 are provided connections 40, with which the not visible in the present figure coil 30 can be supplied with electric current. Preferably, the terminals 40 correspond to conventional terminals, so that a simple replacement or installation of the radiant heater 1 according to the invention in existing holding devices is unproblematic. In the left and right end of the radiant heater 1 contacts (not shown in the drawing) are arranged, which are in electrically conductive connection with the rupturable layer 20 serving as a reflector layer. The contacts are each secured to the glass tube 10 or to the surface thereof by means of a holder 52, which at least partially surrounds the glass tube 10, in order thus to ensure a sufficient hold and reliable connection of the contacts. The contacts may either be completely outside with a rupturable layer 20 disposed on the outside of the glass tube 10, or may lead outwardly at a rupturable layer 20 disposed in the glass tube 10 or on the inside of the glass tube 10. An external measuring and switching device (not shown), which can detect a change in the line characteristic of the at least one rupturable layer 20, can be connected to these contacts.

Figur 3a ist eine Ausschnittsvergrößerung des in Figur 3 dargestellten linken Endbereichs und zeigt vergrößert die in der Halterung 52 und mit der reißbaren Schicht 20 in elektrischer Verbindung stehenden Anschluss-Kontakte 50. Des weiteren ist gut zu erkennen, wie die Reflektorschicht sich aus einer einstückigen, meanderförmig verlegten und reißbaren Schicht ergibt. Dabei wird der Abstand a zwischen zwei Schlaufen in Längsrichtung gering gehalten, so dass eine möglichst dichte Reflektorschicht erhalten und dementsprechend wenig Heizleistung (Infrarotstrahlung) durchgelassen wird. Andererseits muß der Abstand a jedoch mindestens so groß sein, das eine nicht zu verhindernde Ausdehnung der reißbaren Schicht 20 während des Betriebs insbesondere in Längsrichtung des Heizstrahlers 1 zu einem ungewollten zusätzlichen Verbinden der Schlaufen führt, was die Genauigkeit und Verlässlichkeit der reißbaren Schicht 20 als Bruchsensor reduzieren würde. FIG. 3a is an enlarged detail of the in FIG. 3 shown enlarged left and in the holder 52 and with the tearable layer 20 in electrical connection terminal contacts 50. Furthermore, it is easy to see how the reflector layer results from a one-piece, meandering and rupturable layer. In this case, the distance a between two loops in the longitudinal direction is kept low, so that a reflector layer which is as dense as possible is obtained, and accordingly little heating power (infrared radiation) is transmitted. On the other hand, however, the distance a must be at least so great that an unavoidable expansion of the tearable layer 20 during operation, especially in the longitudinal direction of the radiant heater 1, leads to an unwanted additional connection of the loops, which improves the accuracy and reliability of the tearable layer 20 as a breakage sensor would reduce.

Figur 4 zeigt den erfindungsgemäßen Zwillingsrohr-Heizstrahler 1 in Draufsicht von unten. Neben den bereits erläuterten Anschlüssen 40 sind in dieser Darstellung die parallel zueinander verlaufenden Wendel 30 zu erkennen. An dem linken und rechten Endbereich sind die das Glasrohr 10 zumindest teilweise umfassenden Halterungen 52 für die nicht dargestellten Kontakte 50, welche mit der ebenfalls nicht dargestellten reißbaren Schicht 20 in elektrischen Kontakt stehen, zu erkennen. FIG. 4 shows the twin-tube radiant heater 1 according to the invention in plan view from below. In addition to the already explained terminals 40, the mutually parallel helix 30 can be seen in this illustration. At the left and right end portion of the glass tube 10 at least partially comprehensive brackets 52 for the contacts 50, not shown, which are in electrical contact with the tearable layer 20, also not shown, can be seen.

Figur 5 zeigt schließlich den erfindungsgemäßen Heizstrahler 1 in Draufsicht von der Seite. Neben der als Reflektorschicht dienenden reißbaren Schicht 20, welcher auf der Oberseite des Glasrohrs 10 angeordnet ist, sind sowohl die Wendel 30, die Anschlüsse 40 und die Halterungen 52, an denen die Anschluss-Kontakte 50 befestigt sind, zu erkennen. An den Anschluss-Kontakten 50 kann beispielsweise eine externen Meß- und Schaltvorrichtung angeschlossen werden, die die Leitungscharakteristik der als Reflektorschicht dienenden reißbaren Schicht 20 überprüft und bei einem Bruch des Glasrohres 10 und einer damit einhergehenden Beschädigung der reißbaren Schicht 20 ein entsprechendes Signal erzeugt, was dazu benutzt werden kann, die Energiezufuhr zu den Anschlüssen 40 zu regeln, insbesondere abzuschalten, oder ein akustisches und/oder optisches Alarmsignal auszugeben, so dass eine Gefährdung der Umgebung nahezu ausgeschlossen werden kann. FIG. 5 finally shows the radiant heater 1 according to the invention in plan view from the side. In addition to the rupturable layer 20 serving as a reflector layer, which is arranged on the upper side of the glass tube 10, both the helix 30, the terminals 40 and the holders 52, to which the terminal contacts 50 are fastened, can be seen. At the terminal contacts 50, for example, an external measuring and switching device can be connected, which checks the line characteristic of serving as a reflector layer rupturable layer 20 and a breakage of the glass tube 10 and an associated damage to the tearable layer 20 generates a corresponding signal, which can be used to regulate the power supply to the terminals 40, in particular to turn off, or to issue an audible and / or visual alarm signal, so that a threat to the environment can be almost excluded.

Figur 6 zeigt eine weitere Alternative des erfindungsgemäßen linienförmigen Heizstrahlers 1 in Draufsicht von unten. Neben den parallel zueinander verlaufenden Wendel 30 sind bei dieser Alternative an der Unterseite verlaufende Leiter zu erkennen, die Teilstücke der reißbaren Schicht 20 sind. Diese verlaufen quer zur Längsrichtung des linienförmigen Heizstrahlers 1 und "überwachen" im gegebenen Fall insbesondere dessen Unterseite. Daher ist der Abstand zwischen diesen Teilstücken relativ groß zu wählen, so daß die austretende Infrarotstrahlung nur wenig reduziert wird. Die Teilstücke der reißbaren Schicht 20 können mit einer sich in Längsrichtung des Heizstrahlers 1 erstreckenden reißbaren Schicht derart verbunden sein, dass die gesamte reißbare Schicht 20 sich einpfadig von der einen Seite des Heizstrahlers 1 zu der anderen Seite erstreckt. FIG. 6 shows a further alternative of the line-shaped radiant heater 1 according to the invention in plan view from below. In addition to the mutually parallel helix 30 extending conductors are visible in this alternative at the bottom, which are sections of the tearable layer 20. These run transversely to the longitudinal direction of the linear heater 1 and "monitor" in the given case, in particular its underside. Therefore, the distance between these sections is relatively large, so that the exiting infrared radiation is reduced only slightly. The portions of the tearable layer 20 may be connected to a rupturable layer extending in the longitudinal direction of the radiant heater 1 such that the entire rupturable Layer 20 extends on one path from the one side of the radiant heater 1 to the other side.

Eine solche einpfadige Anordnung wird in Figur 7 deutlicher, welche die Alternative in Verbindung mit einer als Reflektor dienenden meanderförmig angeordneten reißbaren Schicht zeigt. Wie zu erkennen ist, bildet die meanderförmige reißbare Schicht an vier Stellen keine Schlaufe, sondern umrundet als Teilstück den Umfang leicht spiralförmig (mit einer geringen Verschiebung in Längsrichtung um den Abstand a) des Heizstrahlers 1, um sich auf der anderen Seite wieder mit einem weiteren Teil der meanderförmige Schicht zu verbinden, so dass die angrenzenden meanderförmigen Abschnitte durch die Teilstücke verbunden werden. Dies hat zur Konsequenz, dass wenn die reißbare Schicht 20 an einer beliebigen Stelle (innerhalb eines meanderförmigen Bereichs oder an einem der Teilstücke) unterbrochen oder querschnittsgeschwächt werden sollte, die reißbare Schicht 20 keine leitende Verbindung zwischen den Anschluss-Kontakten 50 mehr bietet, oder sich ihre Leitungscharakteristik, z.B. ihr elektrischer Widerstand, ändert.Such a single-path arrangement is in FIG. 7 more clearly, which shows the alternative in connection with a serving as a reflector meandering rupturable layer. As can be seen, the meandering tearable layer does not form a loop at four points, but rather circles around the circumference slightly helically (with a slight longitudinal displacement by the distance a) of the radiant heater 1, and again on the other side with another Part of the meandering layer to connect, so that the adjacent meandering sections are connected by the sections. As a consequence, if the tearable layer 20 is to be interrupted or weakened at any location (within a meandering area or portion), the tearable layer 20 will no longer provide a conductive connection between the terminal contacts 50, or itself their line characteristics, eg their electrical resistance, changes.

Es versteht sich von selbst, dass die Anzahl solcher den Heizstrahler 1 umlaufenden Teilstücke nicht auf vier begrenzt ist. Vielmehr ist es denkbar, dass die mindestens eine reißbare Schicht als sich in Längsrichtung erstreckend angeordnet ist, wobei die Anzahl von Teilstücken und deren Anordnung beliebig gestaltet werden kann, so daß auch eine einpfadige "netzähnliche" Struktur denkbar ist.It goes without saying that the number of such sections surrounding the radiant heater 1 is not limited to four. Rather, it is conceivable that the at least one tearable layer is arranged as extending in the longitudinal direction, wherein the number of sections and their arrangement can be arbitrarily designed, so that a single-path "net-like" structure is conceivable.

BezugszeichenlisteLIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

11
Heizstrahlerheater
1010
Glasrohrglass tube
2020
reißbare Schichttearable layer
3030
Wendelspiral
4040
elektrische Anschlüsseelectrical connections
5050
Anschluss-KontakteConnection contacts
5252
Halterungenbrackets
aa
Abstand zweier SchlaufenDistance between two loops

Claims (14)

  1. Linear heat radiator for direct surface heating of liquids or solids, as used in the food industry, comprising a tubular, internally heated glass body and a radiation reflector which surrounds part of a surface of the tubular radiant body, characterised in that at least one electrical conductor track extends as a tearable layer (20) along the longitudinal extent of the tubular glass body and the tearable layer (20) is connected at its end regions to outwardly lying or outwardly leading connector contacts (50).
  2. Linear heat radiator according to claim 1, characterised in that the tearable layer (20) is a layer vapour-deposited onto the glass body surface.
  3. Linear heat radiator according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the tearable layer (20) is configured with a meandering form.
  4. Linear heat radiator according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the tearable layer (20) comprises a heat-resistant and highly reflective material, in particular made from metal, preferably gold.
  5. Linear heat radiator according to one of the claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the tearable layer (20) simultaneously serves as a radiation reflector.
  6. Linear heat radiator according to one of the claims 1 to 5, characterised in that at least one tearable layer is arranged on the front side of the glass body opposing the radiation reflector.
  7. Linear heat radiator according to claim 6, characterised in that the at least one tearable layer provided on the front side extends transversely to the longitudinal extent of the tubular radiant body.
  8. Linear heat radiator according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the at least one tearable layer is conductively connected on the front side to the radiation reflector.
  9. Linear heat radiator according to one of the claims 1 to 8, characterised in that a measuring and switching device which detects a change in the conduction characteristics associated with damage to the tearable layer (20) is provided.
  10. Linear heat radiator according to claim 9, characterised in that the measuring and switching device is configured such that, in the event of a substantial change in the conduction characteristics of the tearable layer (20), a signal for regulating, in particular switching off, the heating and/or for an optical and/or acoustic alarm can be emitted.
  11. Linear heat radiator according to claim 9 or 10, characterised in that at least the measuring device is integrated on or in the heat radiator (1).
  12. Linear heat radiator according to one of the claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the heating is carried out by means of a resistive heating element extending substantially in the longitudinal extent of the tubular glass body, in the interior of the tube thereof.
  13. Linear heat radiator according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the heat radiator (1) is configured as a multi-tube heat radiator, preferably as a twin-tube heat radiator.
  14. Heating arrangement for direct heating of surfaces of liquids or solids, particularly in the food industry, characterised by a linear heat radiator according to one of the claims 1 to 13.
EP05015495A 2004-07-19 2005-07-16 Linear reflector and radiant heater assembly and heating assembly comprising the same Active EP1619930B1 (en)

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DE202004011309U DE202004011309U1 (en) 2004-07-19 2004-07-19 Linear reflector radiant heater and heating arrangement with the same

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CN104333924A (en) * 2014-10-17 2015-02-04 芜湖市泰能电热器具有限公司 High-performance heating aluminum tube
CN113453393A (en) * 2020-03-24 2021-09-28 上海麒日科技有限公司 Intelligent circuit for glass heating anti-theft control

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7142597U (en) * 1971-11-11 1972-01-27 Jenaer Glaswerk Schott & Gen CERAMIC GLASS STOVE WITH ELECTRIC CONTACT PROTECTION
GB1541980A (en) * 1977-12-08 1979-03-14 Electricity Council Electric radiant heaters
GB1544551A (en) * 1978-01-10 1979-04-19 Electricity Council Electric radiant heaters
US4171519A (en) * 1978-05-26 1979-10-16 Gte Sylvania Incorporated Circuit breaker with parallel shorting element
DE3248740C2 (en) * 1982-12-31 1995-04-13 Hans Fritz Radiant heater
DE3841448C1 (en) * 1988-12-09 1990-05-10 Heraeus Quarzschmelze Gmbh, 6450 Hanau, De
DE4011541A1 (en) * 1990-04-10 1991-10-17 Ver Glaswerke Gmbh ELECTRICALLY HEATED ALARM GLASS
DE29823542U1 (en) * 1998-12-31 1999-09-02 Gros Heiko Disc breakage sensor for panes in windows and doors
DE10211249B4 (en) * 2002-03-13 2004-06-17 Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh Use of a shiny precious metal preparation
DE10253582B3 (en) * 2002-11-15 2004-07-15 Heraeus Noblelight Gmbh Infrared radiator has a steam protection formed as a peripheral vessel for enclosing a lamp vessel and a reflecting layer in a gas-tight manner
DE20314654U1 (en) * 2003-09-23 2003-12-18 Österwitz, Karl-Heinz Electric heating radiator has a double layer foil heating element with a reflector and radiation transmitting front panel
DE20314653U1 (en) * 2003-09-23 2004-02-12 Österwitz, Karl-Heinz An electrical panel heater has a heat radiating foil surface within a frame containing insulation sheets and a reflector panel

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ATE425650T1 (en) 2009-03-15
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DE502005006790D1 (en) 2009-04-23

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