EP1618336A1 - Porous burner comprising a silicon-carbide porous body - Google Patents

Porous burner comprising a silicon-carbide porous body

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Publication number
EP1618336A1
EP1618336A1 EP04727529A EP04727529A EP1618336A1 EP 1618336 A1 EP1618336 A1 EP 1618336A1 EP 04727529 A EP04727529 A EP 04727529A EP 04727529 A EP04727529 A EP 04727529A EP 1618336 A1 EP1618336 A1 EP 1618336A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
pore
fabric
pore burner
porous
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP04727529A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1618336B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Hoetger
Walter Thiele
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SGL Carbon SE
Original Assignee
SGL Carbon SE
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE102004006824A external-priority patent/DE102004006824B4/en
Application filed by SGL Carbon SE filed Critical SGL Carbon SE
Publication of EP1618336A1 publication Critical patent/EP1618336A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1618336B1 publication Critical patent/EP1618336B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C99/00—Subject-matter not provided for in other groups of this subclass
    • F23C99/006—Flameless combustion stabilised within a bed of porous heat-resistant material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D14/00—Burners for combustion of a gas, e.g. of a gas stored under pressure as a liquid
    • F23D14/12—Radiant burners
    • F23D14/14—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates
    • F23D14/145—Radiant burners using screens or perforated plates combustion being stabilised at a screen or a perforated plate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2203/00—Gaseous fuel burners
    • F23D2203/10—Flame diffusing means
    • F23D2203/104—Grids, e.g. honeycomb grids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2212/00—Burner material specifications
    • F23D2212/10—Burner material specifications ceramic
    • F23D2212/105—Particles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for burners using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in a carrier gas
    • F23D2900/14—Special features of gas burners
    • F23D2900/14582—Special features of gas burners with outlets consisting of layers of spherical particles

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pore burner for burning a fuel-air mixture to produce a hot flue gas, comprising a housing in which a pore material made of porous, high-temperature resistant silicon carbide (SiC) for a
  • Incineration is provided.
  • Such a pore burner is used, for example, to apply a hot flue gas stream to a steam superheater.
  • the steam generated in the steam superheater has high temperatures and is under high pressure.
  • the energy stored in the steam can then be used in the form of mechanical or electrical energy, e.g. B. by relaxation in an expansion machine for driving a generator.
  • the hotter the steam and the higher the pressure the better the efficiency of such machines. Accordingly, it is necessary for the flue gas stream to have the highest possible temperatures. Typical temperatures are between 850 ° C and 1400 ° C.
  • the pore burners for generating a hot flue gas flow differ in particular from a pure radiant burner, in which only the radiant heat of the burner is used and the flue gas formed as a by-product via one
  • Chimney or an exhaust pipe is withdrawn.
  • radiant burners are, for example, artificial log fires or radiant burners for drying paintwork.
  • the radiant heat of a pore burner can also be used, the essential one However, part of the energy transferred to the steam generator comes from the flue gas.
  • a pore burner for burning a Brermstofr7O-ddationsschgemiscb.es is known.
  • the pore burner is filled with spherical fillers.
  • the size of the resulting pores is determined by the size of the packing.
  • the known pore burner is designed so that an excessively high temperature in the reaction space is avoided by an additional cooling gas.
  • a pore burner which contains porous material which has spatially connected cavities which are formed by a packing made of heat-resistant wire, foil or sheet material. A defined flame zone forms in these cavities. The material is not suitable for high temperatures.
  • the object is achieved in that the pore body comprises siliconized carbon fabric which has an orderly, regular structure.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that the properties of a pore burner can be influenced if the pore structure can be produced in a targeted manner. It is not possible to weave the hard and brittle silicon carbide material. However, by siliconizing a suitably shaped carbon fabric, it is possible to create a correspondingly designed fabric structure made of SiC.
  • the siliconized fabric is inexpensive to manufacture. It withstands mechanical and thermal loads very well.
  • the mesh size and flat shape of the fabric can be individually adjusted, as can its size and outline, so that when using such materials as pore bodies for pore burners, an optimization of the burner properties is possible.
  • the silicon carbide fabric has a shape that deviates from a flat surface. A plurality of pieces of tissue can then be stacked on top of one another. In this way, a three-dimensional arrangement with which the pore burner can be filled is created without additional spacers or the like.
  • the fabric can be wave-shaped. However, other shapes are also possible, such as a profile that is sawtooth-shaped or box-shaped. In order to obtain a small pore size, on the one hand the tissue parameters can be kept small and on the other hand the waveform can be composed of a large number of small waves.
  • the fabric can consist of completely siliconized fibers. For some applications, however, it can also make sense for the fabric to be partially silicided and to contain a core of pure carbon.
  • the ordered structures are designed in such a way that zones of different porosity form.
  • the porous body of the burner can be formed in two or more zones of different pore sizes. The inlet-side part of the porous body then has a smaller one
  • Pore size than the outlet-side pore body is greater than the outlet-side pore body.
  • the flame forms in the large-pore zone, while the fuel-air mixture takes place in the fine-pore zone and is preheated. This leads to a particularly low pollutant content in the flue gas when conventional fuels such as natural gas, gasoline or the like are burned.
  • the pore size can be selected by the
  • Tissue and its arrangement such as. B. stacking, be designed particularly well.
  • the fine-pored part is made of conventional pore-forming materials, while the coarse-pored part consists of siliconized carbon fabric.
  • the material of the fine-pored part is preferably poorly conductive, so that heat transfer from the combustion zone to the premixing zone is avoided. This prevents the flames from kicking back.
  • the axes of curvature of the waves of a piece of tissue can lie in one plane and the pieces of tissue can be arranged one above the other in such a way that the projections of the wave normals on such a plane defined by the axes of curvature are perpendicular to one another.
  • the wave normals then preferably each form an angle of approximately 45 ° to the direction of flow of the flue gas.
  • a wave normal is the vertical on a wave front. It lies in the plane defined by the axes of curvature.
  • the pore structure is formed from stacked wavy SiC mats. The individual levels are rotated at an angle of approximately 90 ° to each other. This arrangement is particularly favorable for the combustion behavior of the burner.
  • the structure flowed through in this way is referred to as a static mixer.
  • the fuel and the combustion air are mixed together in such a way that the fuel is particularly low-pollutant and completely burned.
  • the housing of the burner is preferably provided with an insulating layer. This prevents undesired convective heat transfer through the housing into the periphery of the burner.
  • the housing wall can be flowed through by a cooling medium, which is either discharged into the environment separately or mixed with the hot flue gas in the outlet area of the burner.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic representation of a pore burner
  • FIG. 3 is a section through a schematically illustrated pore burner
  • Figure 4 is a section along the line A-A in Figure 3 and shows the outlet of a
  • a pore burner 10 is shown schematically.
  • the pore burner consists of a housing 12 into which a fuel gas-air mixture is introduced.
  • the direction of flow of the inflowing gas is shown by the arrows 14.
  • a multiplicity of fabric pieces 16 are stacked on top of one another in the housing 12.
  • the pores are smaller in a first zone 18 and the pores are larger in a second zone 20.
  • the porous material of the first zone 18 is not shown.
  • the flue gas is used to heat a steam generator. It is possible to arrange the steam generator within the radiation field of the pore burner 10, so that not only the heat transferred by the flue gas, but also the radiation heat is used.
  • the tissue gap 16 are shown again in detail in FIG. 2. They consist of an essentially rectangular, net-like fabric. A large number of these fabric pieces 16 are layered one on top of the other. Each piece of fabric 16 is bent in a wave shape around an axis of curvature 37. The fabric pieces are layered on top of one another in such a way that the mountains 24 and valleys 26 of the curvatures always lie alternately offset by 90 degrees. This can be seen in FIG. 3. For example, the fabric piece 30 lies on the fabric piece 28 offset by 90 degrees.
  • the pore burner is completely filled with the tissue pieces 16. This creates a pore structure that allows particularly good, even flame development.
  • the pore burner is completely filled with the tissue pieces 16. This creates a pore structure that allows particularly good, even flame development.
  • the fuel / air mixture flows through the porous body parallel to the planes of the individual tissue layers and in the direction of the bisector 34 of the angle of rotation between the wave normals 35 and the wave normals 39 of the layers.
  • the pore burner 10 has a rectangular cross section and is therefore also filled with rectangular tissue pieces 16. If the pore burner 10 has a differently shaped cross section, the shape of the fabric pieces is of course also adapted accordingly.
  • the housing 12 of the porer burner is flowed through by a coolant.
  • the cooling air is fed separately into a cooling duct 38 (FIG. 4) of the housing 12 and is mixed with the flue gas at the outlet 40.
  • the pore size is smaller in zone 18 (FIG. 1) and larger in zone 20.
  • the fabric pieces are made of silicon carbide. Silicon carbide is a carbide ceramic material and cannot be woven as such. A carbon fabric is therefore used to produce such fabrics, which is brought into the appropriate shape and then siliconized. Various processes are suitable for siliciding. At the
  • Liquid siliconization processes molten silicon infiltrates a porous substrate made of carbon fiber reinforced carbon (C / C) and reacts with the carbon of the matrix directly to SiC.
  • C / C carbon fiber reinforced carbon
  • the siliconized fabric pieces 16 are stiff after this process and can be used in the burner without further change in shape.
  • the material is resistant to high temperatures.
  • the manufacturing process for flat SiC structures is inexpensive compared to sponge-like ceramic bodies, and the mechanical and thermal load-bearing capacity is significantly higher than that of ceramic sponges.

Abstract

The invention relates to a porous burner (10) for burning a fuel-air mixture for producing a hot flue gas (22). Said burner contains a housing (12), provided with a porous material (16) consisting of a silicon carbide (SiC) that is resistant to high temperatures and facilitates combustion. The burner is characterised in that the porous body comprises a siliconised carbon textile with a regular, uniform structure. The shape of the silicon carbide textile (16) can deviate from a planar surface and be e.g undulating and a plurality of textile sections (28, 30) can be laid on top of one another.

Description

Patentanmeldung Patent application
Porenbrenner mit Siliziumkarbid-PorenkörperPore burner with silicon carbide pore body
Technisches GebietTechnical field
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Porenbrenner zum Verbrennen eines Brennstoff-Luft- Gemisches zur Erzeugung eines heißen Rauchgases, enthaltend ein Gehäuse, in welchem ein Porenmaterial aus porösem, hochtemperaturfestem Siliziumkarbid (SiC) für eineThe invention relates to a pore burner for burning a fuel-air mixture to produce a hot flue gas, comprising a housing in which a pore material made of porous, high-temperature resistant silicon carbide (SiC) for a
Verbrennung vorgesehen ist.Incineration is provided.
Ein solcher Porenbrenner wird zum Beispiel eingesetzt, um einen Dampfüberhitzer mit einem heißen Rauchgasstrom zu beaufschlagen. Der in dem Dampfüberhitzer entstehende Dampf hat hohe Temperaturen und steht unter starkem Druck. Die in dem Dampf gespeicherte Energie kann dann in Form von mechanischer bzw. elektrischer Energie nutzbar gemacht werden, z. B. durch Entspannung in einer Expansionsmaschine zum Antrieb eines Generators. Je heißer der Dampf und je höher der Druck, um so besser ist der Wirkungsgrad solcher Maschinen. Entsprechend ist es erforderlich, dass der Rauchgasstrom möglichst hohe Temperaturen aufweist. Typische Temperaturen liegen im Bereich zwischen 850°C und 1400°C.Such a pore burner is used, for example, to apply a hot flue gas stream to a steam superheater. The steam generated in the steam superheater has high temperatures and is under high pressure. The energy stored in the steam can then be used in the form of mechanical or electrical energy, e.g. B. by relaxation in an expansion machine for driving a generator. The hotter the steam and the higher the pressure, the better the efficiency of such machines. Accordingly, it is necessary for the flue gas stream to have the highest possible temperatures. Typical temperatures are between 850 ° C and 1400 ° C.
Die Porenbrenner zur Erzeugung eines heißen Rauchgasstroms unterscheiden sich insbesondere von einem reinen Strahlungsbrenner, bei dem nur die Strahlungswärme des Brenners genutzt wird und das entstehende Rauchgas als Nebenprodukt über einenThe pore burners for generating a hot flue gas flow differ in particular from a pure radiant burner, in which only the radiant heat of the burner is used and the flue gas formed as a by-product via one
Kamin oder ein Abluftrohr abgezogen wird. Solche Strahlungsbrenner sind zum Beispiel künstliche Kaminfeuer oder Strahlungsbrenner zum Trocknen von Lackierungen. Zwar kann auch die Strahlungswärme eines Porenbrenner genutzt werden, der wesentliche Anteil der auf den Dampferzeuger übertragenen Energie kommt jedoch aus dem Rauchgas.Chimney or an exhaust pipe is withdrawn. Such radiant burners are, for example, artificial log fires or radiant burners for drying paintwork. The radiant heat of a pore burner can also be used, the essential one However, part of the energy transferred to the steam generator comes from the flue gas.
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Aus der DE 199 39 951 C2 ist ein Porenbrenner zur Verbrennung eines Brermstofr7O-ddationsmittelgemiscb.es bekannt. Der Porenbrenner ist mit kugelförmigen Füllkörpern gefüllt. Die Größe der entstehenden Poren ist durch die Größe der Füllkörper bestimmt. Der bekannte Porenbrenner ist so ausgelegt, dass durch ein zusätzliches Kühlgas eine zu hohe Temperatur im Reaktionsraum vermieden wird.From DE 199 39 951 C2 a pore burner for burning a Brermstofr7O-ddationsmittelgemiscb.es is known. The pore burner is filled with spherical fillers. The size of the resulting pores is determined by the size of the packing. The known pore burner is designed so that an excessively high temperature in the reaction space is avoided by an additional cooling gas.
Aus der DE 195 27 583 C2 ist ein Porenbrenner bekannt, der poröses Material enthält, welches räumlich zusammenhängende Hohlräume aufweist, die von einer Packung aus hitzebeständigem Draht- Folien- oder Blechmaterial gebildet sind. In diesen Hohlräumen bildet sich eine definierte Flammenzone. Das Material ist für hohe Temperaturen nicht geeignet.From DE 195 27 583 C2 a pore burner is known which contains porous material which has spatially connected cavities which are formed by a packing made of heat-resistant wire, foil or sheet material. A defined flame zone forms in these cavities. The material is not suitable for high temperatures.
Es sind weiterhin Pόrenbrenner bekannt, die mit einer Keramik gefüllt sind, die eine Vielzahl von Hohlräumen auf eisen, z. B. aus der US 5,890,886. Es sind auch andere Schaumkeramiken, Metallschäume oder -schwämme bekannt, z. B. aus der DE 196 21There are also Pόrenbrenner known, which are filled with a ceramic, which have a large number of cavities on iron, for. B. from US 5,890,886. Other foam ceramics, metal foams or sponges are also known, e.g. B. from DE 196 21st
638 AI. Diese Schäume oder Schwämme weisen den Nachteil auf, dass sie teuer in der Herstellung sind. Außerdem sind sie sehr empfindlich gegenüber mechanischen und thermischen Belastungen. Sie reißen oder platzen bei übermäßiger Belastung, was zu verminderter Leistungsfähigkeit und vermehrtem Schadstoffausstoß führt.638 AI. These foams or sponges have the disadvantage that they are expensive to manufacture. They are also very sensitive to mechanical and thermal loads. They tear or burst under excessive load, which leads to reduced performance and increased pollutant emissions.
Aus der DE 198 47 042 AI ist eine hochporöse Brennermatte bekannt, die aus metallischen oder keramischen Fasern besteht, welche in unregelmäßigen Strukturen miteinander verschweißt sind. Die Matte ist mit Löchern versehen, durch welche das Gas strömt. Es entstehen Bereiche unterschiedlicher Strömungsgeschwindigkeiten, durch welche ein unregelmäßiger Fla menteppich entsteht, der von der Oberfläche der Matte abhebt. Offenbarung der ErfindungFrom DE 198 47 042 AI a highly porous burner mat is known which consists of metallic or ceramic fibers which are welded together in irregular structures. The mat is provided with holes through which the gas flows. Areas of different flow velocities are created, through which an irregular flax carpet is created which lifts off the surface of the mat. Disclosure of the invention
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, einen Porenbrenner zu schaffen, der eine gleichmäßige Verbrennung aufweist und dessen Porenstniktur direkt im Herstellraigsprozess beeinffαssbar ist.It is an object of the invention to provide a pore burner which has a uniform combustion and whose pore structure can be influenced directly in the manufacturing process.
Erfindungsgemäß wird die Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass der Porenkörper siliziertes Kohlenstoffgewebe umfasst, welches eine geordnete, regelmäßige Struktur aufweist. Die Erfindung basiert auf der Erkenntnis, dass sich die Eigenschaften eines Porenbrenners beeinflussen lassen, wenn die Porenstruktur gezielt herstellbar ist. Ein Verweben des harten und spröden Materials Siliziumkarbid ist nicht möglich. Durch Silizieren eines geeignet geformten Kohlenstoffgewebes ist es jedoch möglich, eine entsprechend gestaltete Gewebestruktur aus SiC zu schaffen. Das silizierte Gewebe ist kostengünstig herstellbar. Es hält mechanischen und thermischen Belastungen sehr gut stand. Die Maschenweite und flächige Form des Gewebes ist ebenso individuell anpassbar wie dessen Größe und Umrisse, so dass bei Verwendung derartiger Materialien als Porenkörper für Porenbrenner eine Optimierung der Brennereigenschaften möglich ist.According to the invention, the object is achieved in that the pore body comprises siliconized carbon fabric which has an orderly, regular structure. The invention is based on the knowledge that the properties of a pore burner can be influenced if the pore structure can be produced in a targeted manner. It is not possible to weave the hard and brittle silicon carbide material. However, by siliconizing a suitably shaped carbon fabric, it is possible to create a correspondingly designed fabric structure made of SiC. The siliconized fabric is inexpensive to manufacture. It withstands mechanical and thermal loads very well. The mesh size and flat shape of the fabric can be individually adjusted, as can its size and outline, so that when using such materials as pore bodies for pore burners, an optimization of the burner properties is possible.
In einer Ausgestaltung der Erfindung weist das Gewebe aus Siliziumkarbid eine von einer Planfiäche abweichende Form auf. Dann kann eine Mehrzahl von Gewebestücken aufeinander geschichtet werden. Auf diese Weise wird ohne zusätzliche Abstandshalter oder dergleichen eine dreidimensionale Anordnung geschaffen, mit welcher der Porenbrenner füllbar ist.In one embodiment of the invention, the silicon carbide fabric has a shape that deviates from a flat surface. A plurality of pieces of tissue can then be stacked on top of one another. In this way, a three-dimensional arrangement with which the pore burner can be filled is created without additional spacers or the like.
Das Gewebe kann wellenförmig geformt sein. Es sind aber auch andere Formen möglich, wie ein im Querschnitt sägezahnförmiges oder kastenförmiges Profil. Um eine kleine Porengröße zu erhalten, können dann zum einen die Gewebeparameter klein gehalten werden und zum anderen die Wellenform aus einer Vielzahl von kleinen Wellen zusammengesetzt werden.The fabric can be wave-shaped. However, other shapes are also possible, such as a profile that is sawtooth-shaped or box-shaped. In order to obtain a small pore size, on the one hand the tissue parameters can be kept small and on the other hand the waveform can be composed of a large number of small waves.
Das Gewebe kann aus vollständig silizierten Fasern bestehen. Für einige Anwendungen kann es aber auch sinnvoll sein, dass das Gewebe teilsiliziert ist, und einen Kern aus reinem Kohlenstoff enthält. In einer besonders bevorzugten Ausgestaltung der Erfindung die geordneten Strukturen so ausgelegt sind, dass sich Zonen unterschiedlicher Porosität ausbilden. Dabei kann der poröse Körper des Brenners in zwei oder mehr Zonen unterschiedlicher Porengröße ausgebildet sein. Der einlassseitige Teil des porösen Körpers weist dann eine kleinereThe fabric can consist of completely siliconized fibers. For some applications, however, it can also make sense for the fabric to be partially silicided and to contain a core of pure carbon. In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention, the ordered structures are designed in such a way that zones of different porosity form. The porous body of the burner can be formed in two or more zones of different pore sizes. The inlet-side part of the porous body then has a smaller one
Porengröße als der auslassseitige Porenkörper auf. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung bildet sich die Flamme in der grobporigen Zone, während in der feinporigen Zone eine Mischung und Vorheizung des Brennstoff-Luft-gemischs stattfinden. Dies führt zu besonders niedrigem Schadstoffgehalt des Rauchgases bei Verbrennung der üblichen Brennstoffe, wie Erdgas, Benzin oder dergleichen. Die Porengröße kann durch die ausgewähltenPore size than the outlet-side pore body. In this embodiment, the flame forms in the large-pore zone, while the fuel-air mixture takes place in the fine-pore zone and is preheated. This leads to a particularly low pollutant content in the flue gas when conventional fuels such as natural gas, gasoline or the like are burned. The pore size can be selected by the
Gewebe und deren Anordnung, wie z. B. Stapelung, besonders gut gestaltet werden.Tissue and its arrangement, such as. B. stacking, be designed particularly well.
In einer alternativen Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist der feinporige Teil aus herkömmlichen Poren bildenden Werkstoffen hergestellt, während der grobporige Teil aus siliziertem Kohlenstoffgewebe besteht. Der Werkstoff des feinporigen Teils ist vorzugsweise schlecht leitend, so dass ein Wärmeübergang aus der Verbrennungszone in die Vormischzone vermieden wird. Auf diese Weise wird einem Rückschlagen der Flammen vorgebeugt.In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the fine-pored part is made of conventional pore-forming materials, while the coarse-pored part consists of siliconized carbon fabric. The material of the fine-pored part is preferably poorly conductive, so that heat transfer from the combustion zone to the premixing zone is avoided. This prevents the flames from kicking back.
Die Krümmungsachsen der Wellen eines Gewebestücks können in einer Ebene liegen und die Gewebestücke derart übereinander angeordnet sein, daß die Projektionen der Wellennormalen auf eine solche durch die Krümmungsachsen definierte Ebene senkrecht zueinander verlaufen. Vorzugsweise bilden die Wellennormalen dann jeweils einen Winkel von etwa 45° zur Strömungsrichtung des Rauchgases. Eine Wellennormale ist hier die Senkrechte auf einer Wellenfront. Sie liegt in der durch die Krümmungsachsen definierten Ebene. Bei dieser Ausgestaltung der Erfindung wird die Porenstruktur aus gestapelten wellenförmigen SiC-Matten gebildet. Dabei sind die einzelnen Ebenen mit einem Winkel von etwa 90° gegeneinander verdreht angeordnet. Diese Anordnung ist für das Verbrennungsverhalten des Brenners besonders günstig. Die so durchströmte Struktur wird als statischer Mischer bezeichnet. Der Brennstoff und die Verbrennungsluft werden dabei so miteinander vermengt, dass der Kraftstoff besonders schadstoffarm und vollständig verbrannt wird. Vorzugsweise ist das Gehäuse des Brenners mit einer isolierenden Schicht versehen. So wird ein ungewünschter konvektiver Wärmeübergang durch das Gehäuse in die Peripherie des Brenners vermieden.The axes of curvature of the waves of a piece of tissue can lie in one plane and the pieces of tissue can be arranged one above the other in such a way that the projections of the wave normals on such a plane defined by the axes of curvature are perpendicular to one another. The wave normals then preferably each form an angle of approximately 45 ° to the direction of flow of the flue gas. A wave normal is the vertical on a wave front. It lies in the plane defined by the axes of curvature. In this embodiment of the invention, the pore structure is formed from stacked wavy SiC mats. The individual levels are rotated at an angle of approximately 90 ° to each other. This arrangement is particularly favorable for the combustion behavior of the burner. The structure flowed through in this way is referred to as a static mixer. The fuel and the combustion air are mixed together in such a way that the fuel is particularly low-pollutant and completely burned. The housing of the burner is preferably provided with an insulating layer. This prevents undesired convective heat transfer through the housing into the periphery of the burner.
Alternativ kann die Gehäusewandung von einem Kühlmedium durchströmt sein, das entweder getrennt in die Umwelt abgeführt oder mit dem heißen Rauchgas im Auslassbereich des Brenners vermischt wird.Alternatively, the housing wall can be flowed through by a cooling medium, which is either discharged into the environment separately or mixed with the hot flue gas in the outlet area of the burner.
Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche. Ein Ausführungsbeispiel ist nachstehend unter Bezugnahme auf die beigefügten Zeichnungen näher erläutert.Embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims. An embodiment is explained below with reference to the accompanying drawings.
Kurze Beschreibung der ZeichnungenBrief description of the drawings
Fig.1 ist eine schematische Darstellung eines PorenbrennersFigure 1 is a schematic representation of a pore burner
Fig.2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus einem wellenförmig geformten Gewebestück aus2 shows a section of a wave-shaped piece of tissue
Siliziumkarbidsilicon carbide
Fig.3 ist Schnitt durch einen schematisch dargestellten Porenbrenner3 is a section through a schematically illustrated pore burner
Fig.4 ist eine Schnitt entlang der Linie A-A in Fig. 3 und zeigt den Auslass einesFigure 4 is a section along the line A-A in Figure 3 and shows the outlet of a
Porenbrennersporous burner
Beschreibung des AusführungsbeispielsDescription of the embodiment
In Fig.l ist schematisch ein Porenbrenner 10 dargestellt. Der Porenbrenner besteht aus einem Gehäuse 12, in welches ein Brenngas-Luftgemisch eingeleitet wird. Die Strömungsrichtung des einströmenden Gases ist durch die Pfeile 14 dargestellt. In dem Gehäuse 12 sind eine Vielzahl von Gewebestücken 16 aufeinander geschichtet. In einer ersten Zone 18 sind die Poren kleiner und in einer zweiten Zone 20 sind die Poren größer. Das poröse Material der ersten Zone 18 ist nicht dargestellt. In der zweiten Zone erfolgt eine Oxidation in den Poren ohne echte Flammenausbildung. Dabei entsteht heißes Rauchgas, welches in Fig. 1 durch Pfeile 22 repräsentiert wird. Das Rauchgas wird genutzt, um einen Dampferzeuger zu heizen. Dabei besteht die Möglichkeit, den Dampferzeuger innerhalb des Strahlungsfeldes des Porenbrenners 10 anzuordnen, so dass nicht nur die durch das Rauchgas übertragene Wärme, sondern zusätzlich auch die Strahlungswärme genutzt wird.In Fig.l a pore burner 10 is shown schematically. The pore burner consists of a housing 12 into which a fuel gas-air mixture is introduced. The direction of flow of the inflowing gas is shown by the arrows 14. A multiplicity of fabric pieces 16 are stacked on top of one another in the housing 12. The pores are smaller in a first zone 18 and the pores are larger in a second zone 20. The porous material of the first zone 18 is not shown. In the second zone there is an oxidation in the pores without real flame formation. This creates hot Flue gas, which is represented by arrows 22 in FIG. 1. The flue gas is used to heat a steam generator. It is possible to arrange the steam generator within the radiation field of the pore burner 10, so that not only the heat transferred by the flue gas, but also the radiation heat is used.
Die Gewebesτücke 16 sind in Fig. 2 nochmals im Detail dargestellt. Sie bestehen aus einem im wesentlichen rechteckigen, netzartigen Gewebe. Eine Vielzahl dieser Gewebestücke 16 ist übereinander geschichtet. Jedes Gewebestück 16 ist wellenförmig um eine Krümmungsachse 37 gebogen. Die Gewebestücke werden so aufeinander geschichtet, dass die Berge 24 und Täler 26 der Krümmungen immer abwechselnd um 90 Grad versetzt aufeinander liegen. Dies ist in Fig. 3 ersichtlich. So liegt zum Beispiel das Gewebestück 30 um 90 Grad versetzt auf dem Gewebestück 28 auf. Der Porenbrenner wird vollständig mit den Gewebestücken 16 aufgefüllt. Dadurch bildet sich ein Porenstruktur, die eine besonders gute, gleichmäßige Flammenentwicklung erlaubt. DerThe tissue gap 16 are shown again in detail in FIG. 2. They consist of an essentially rectangular, net-like fabric. A large number of these fabric pieces 16 are layered one on top of the other. Each piece of fabric 16 is bent in a wave shape around an axis of curvature 37. The fabric pieces are layered on top of one another in such a way that the mountains 24 and valleys 26 of the curvatures always lie alternately offset by 90 degrees. This can be seen in FIG. 3. For example, the fabric piece 30 lies on the fabric piece 28 offset by 90 degrees. The pore burner is completely filled with the tissue pieces 16. This creates a pore structure that allows particularly good, even flame development. The
Porenkörper wird vom Brennstoff Luftgemisch parallel zu den Ebenen der einzelnen Gewebe-Schichten und in Richtung der Winkelhalbierenden 34 des Verdrehwinkels zwischen den Wellennormalen 35 und der Wellennormalen 39 der Schichten durchströmt.The fuel / air mixture flows through the porous body parallel to the planes of the individual tissue layers and in the direction of the bisector 34 of the angle of rotation between the wave normals 35 and the wave normals 39 of the layers.
Im vorliegenden Fall hat der Porenbrenner 10 einen rechteckigen Querschnitt und ist daher auch mit rechteckigen Gewebestücken 16 gefüllt. Hat der Porenbrenner 10 einen anders geformten Querschnitt, wird selbstverständlich auch die Form der Gewebestücke entsprechend angepasst.In the present case, the pore burner 10 has a rectangular cross section and is therefore also filled with rectangular tissue pieces 16. If the pore burner 10 has a differently shaped cross section, the shape of the fabric pieces is of course also adapted accordingly.
Weiterhin wird das Gehäuse 12 des Poreribrenners von einem Kühlmittel durchströmt. Die Kühlluft wird in diesem Fall gesondert in einen Kühlkanal 38 (Fig.4) des Gehäuses 12 eingespeist und wird am Auslass 40 mit dem Rauchgas vermischt.Furthermore, the housing 12 of the porer burner is flowed through by a coolant. In this case, the cooling air is fed separately into a cooling duct 38 (FIG. 4) of the housing 12 and is mixed with the flue gas at the outlet 40.
Durch die Größe der Gewebemaschen 32, die Krümmungsradien der Wellentäler und -Due to the size of the mesh 32, the radii of curvature of the troughs and -
Berge und die Anzahl der Kriimmungen pro Gewebestück kann die Porengröße beeinflusst werden. Im vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Porengröße in der Zone 18 (Fig.l) kleiner und in Zone 20 größer. Die Gewebestücke bestehen aus Siliziumkarbid. Siliziumkarbid ist ein carbidischer Keramik- Werkstoff und als solcher nicht verwebbar. Zur Herstellung derartiger Gewebe wird daher ein Kohlenstoffgewebe verwendet, welches in die geeignete Form gebracht und dann siliziert wird. Zum Silizieren eignen sich verschiedene Prozesse. BeimMountains and the number of curvatures per piece of tissue can influence the pore size. In the present exemplary embodiment, the pore size is smaller in zone 18 (FIG. 1) and larger in zone 20. The fabric pieces are made of silicon carbide. Silicon carbide is a carbide ceramic material and cannot be woven as such. A carbon fabric is therefore used to produce such fabrics, which is brought into the appropriate shape and then siliconized. Various processes are suitable for siliciding. At the
Flüssigsilizierverfahren wird schmelzflüssiges Silizium ein poröses Substrat aus Kohlenstofffaser verstärktem Kohlenstoff (C/C) infiltriert und mit dem Kohlenstoff der Matrix direkt zu SiC reagiert. Das Verfahren ist bekannt und zum Beispiel im Internet unter http://www.fz-juelich.de/iwv/iwyl/index.php?index=8 beschrieben und braucht daher nicht näher erläutert werden.Liquid siliconization processes, molten silicon infiltrates a porous substrate made of carbon fiber reinforced carbon (C / C) and reacts with the carbon of the matrix directly to SiC. The process is known and is described, for example, on the Internet at http://www.fz-juelich.de/iwv/iwyl/index.php?index=8 and therefore does not need to be explained in more detail.
Die silizierten Gewebestücke 16 sind nach diesem Vorgang steif und können in den Brenner ohne weitere Formveränderung eingesetzt werden. Das Material ist hochtemperaturfest. Das Herstellungsverfahren für flächige SiC-Strukturen ist verglichen mit schwammartigen Keramikkörpern kostengünstig und die mechanische und thermische Belastbarkeit ist gegenüber Keramikschwämmen wesentlich höher. The siliconized fabric pieces 16 are stiff after this process and can be used in the burner without further change in shape. The material is resistant to high temperatures. The manufacturing process for flat SiC structures is inexpensive compared to sponge-like ceramic bodies, and the mechanical and thermal load-bearing capacity is significantly higher than that of ceramic sponges.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
1. Porenbrenner (10) zum Verbrennen eines Brennstof -Luft-Gemisches zur Erzeugung eines heißen Rauchgases (22), enthaltend ein Gehäuse (12), in welchem ein Porenmaterial (16) aus porösem, hochte peraturfestem Siliziumkarbid (SiC) für eine Verbrennung vorgesehen ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Porenkörper siliziertes Kohlenstoffgewebe umfasst, welches eine geordnete, regelmäßige Struktur aufweist.1. pore burner (10) for burning a fuel-air mixture to produce a hot flue gas (22), comprising a housing (12) in which a pore material (16) made of porous, high temperature resistant silicon carbide (SiC) is provided for combustion is characterized in that the pore body comprises siliconized carbon fabric, which has an orderly, regular structure.
2. Porenbrenner (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gewebe2. pore burner (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the fabric
(16) aus Siliziumkarbid eine von einer Planfläche abweichende Form aufweist und eine Mehrzahl von Gewebestücken (28, 30) aufeinander geschichtet sind.(16) made of silicon carbide has a shape deviating from a flat surface and a plurality of fabric pieces (28, 30) are stacked on top of one another.
3. Porenbrenner (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gewebe (16) wellenförmig geformt ist.3. pore burner (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the fabric (16) is wave-shaped.
4. Porenbrenner (10) nach einem der vorgehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gewebe (16) aus vollständig silizierten Fasern besteht.4. pore burner (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fabric (16) consists of completely siliconized fibers.
5. Porenbrenner (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Gewebe teilsiliziert ist, und einen Kern aus reinem Kohlenstoff enthält.5. pore burner (10) according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fabric is partially silicided, and contains a core of pure carbon.
6. Porenbrenner (10) nach einem der vorgehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die geordneten Strukturen so ausgelegt sind, dass sich Zonen unterschiedlicher Porosität ausbilden.6. pore burner (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ordered structures are designed so that zones of different porosity form.
7. Porenbrenner (10) nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Krümmungsachsen der Wellen eines Gewebestücks in einer Ebene liegen und die Gewebestücke derart übereinander angeordnet sind, daß die Projektionen der Wellennormalen auf eine solche durch die Krümmungsachsen definierte Ebene senkrecht zueinander verlaufen.7. pore burner (10) according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the axes of curvature of the waves of a piece of tissue lie in one plane and the tissue pieces are arranged one above the other in such a way that the projections of the wave normals onto such a plane defined by the axes of curvature are perpendicular to one another.
Porenbrenner nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Wellennormalen jeweils einen Winkel von etwa 45° zur Strömungsrichtung des Rauchgases bilden. Pore burner according to claim 7, characterized in that the wave normals each form an angle of approximately 45 ° to the direction of flow of the flue gas.
EP04727529A 2003-04-18 2004-04-15 Porous burner comprising a silicon-carbide porous body Expired - Lifetime EP1618336B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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DE10317857 2003-04-18
DE102004006824A DE102004006824B4 (en) 2003-04-18 2004-02-11 Pore burner with silicon carbide pore body
PCT/EP2004/003968 WO2004092646A1 (en) 2003-04-16 2004-04-15 Porous burner comprising a silicon-carbide porous body

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US20060035190A1 (en) 2006-02-16

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