EP1605182B1 - Unruh-Spiralfeder-Oszillator mit Temperaturkompensation - Google Patents

Unruh-Spiralfeder-Oszillator mit Temperaturkompensation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1605182B1
EP1605182B1 EP04405355A EP04405355A EP1605182B1 EP 1605182 B1 EP1605182 B1 EP 1605182B1 EP 04405355 A EP04405355 A EP 04405355A EP 04405355 A EP04405355 A EP 04405355A EP 1605182 B1 EP1605182 B1 EP 1605182B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hairspring
spiral
angle
balance
cut
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP04405355A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1605182A1 (de
EP1605182B8 (de
Inventor
Claude Bourgeois
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Centre Suisse dElectronique et Microtechnique SA CSEM
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Centre Suisse dElectronique et Microtechnique SA CSEM
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Publication date
Priority to EP04405355A priority Critical patent/EP1605182B8/de
Application filed by Centre Suisse dElectronique et Microtechnique SA CSEM filed Critical Centre Suisse dElectronique et Microtechnique SA CSEM
Priority to DE602004027471T priority patent/DE602004027471D1/de
Priority to AT04405355T priority patent/ATE470086T1/de
Priority to CNB2005800233744A priority patent/CN100564927C/zh
Priority to JP2007526416A priority patent/JP2008501967A/ja
Priority to PCT/EP2005/052520 priority patent/WO2005124184A1/fr
Priority to US11/628,831 priority patent/US7682068B2/en
Publication of EP1605182A1 publication Critical patent/EP1605182A1/de
Priority to HK07111842.0A priority patent/HK1106570A1/xx
Publication of EP1605182B1 publication Critical patent/EP1605182B1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1605182B8 publication Critical patent/EP1605182B8/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/066—Manufacture of the spiral spring

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to mechanical oscillators in general and relates, more particularly, to mechanical oscillators for watches which comprise an assembly, formed of a balance spring and balance, compensated in temperature.
  • the balance must also be thermally compensated; this can be achieved, for example, using a type of "glucydur” alloy (alloy of copper and beryllium, also called “glucinium”) or other alloys having a very low coefficient of thermal expansion.
  • This method is also complicated, and no more than the other more traditional methods, can overcome other isochronism defects such as those due, for example, to various friction in the oscillator, an imbalance of the balance, an offset of the center of mass of the spiral etc.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the prior art by proposing a hairspring, for a timepiece oscillator, whose behavior with respect to thermal variations is such that it makes it possible to maintain the pendulum assembly. spiral as little dependent as possible of said thermal variations. More specifically, the hairspring of the invention is not only self-compensated but it can be made to compensate also the heat drifts of the balance.
  • Another object of the invention is to be able to also compensate for isochronism defects inherent in the construction of the sprung balance.
  • the hairspring of the invention is made in a crystalline quartz substrate whose cut is chosen so that the assembly, consisting of the hairspring and the balance, is thermally compensated.
  • the shape of the hairspring is chosen so as to compensate for the anisochronism defects of the balance-hairspring assembly.
  • the thermal behavior of the quartz spiral springs is essentially related to the inclination of the section with respect to the optical axis Z of the quartz crystal.
  • the plane of the spiral can be identified by a double rotation ZY / ⁇ / ⁇ (notation according to the IEEE standards), where ⁇ is the longitude and ⁇ colatitude (inclination of the axis of the spiral with respect to the optical axis Z crystal).
  • the stiffnesses of the crystals both elongation and shear, generally have a thermal inversion point close to 0 ° K with a negative curvature. They stiffen at low temperatures. Their first thermal coefficient at room temperature, that is to say 25 ° C, is therefore generally negative with a negative curvature. It varies from a few tens to a few hundred ppm / ° C. Quartz is one of the few crystals that allow, at room temperature, to cancel the first thermal coefficient of rigidity by means of the cut, that is to say the orientation of the structure, and even of the make positive a few tens of ppm / ° C.
  • the quartz spiral does not require a compensated balancer like glucydur. It makes it possible to compensate for the thermal drift of most standard stainless steel low-end balances and, in some respects, to make it more favorable than that of the 32 kHz quartz tuning fork.
  • the thermal behavior of a quartz spiral depends essentially on the section of the plate in which it is made.
  • the thermal coefficients of the first order ⁇ , of the second order ⁇ and the third order ⁇ of the rigidity of the spiral are represented in Figures 2.a to 2.c , respectively, for a temperature of 25 ° C.
  • the vertical axis indicates the values of ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ , respectively in ppm / ° C, in ppb / ° C 2 and ppt / ° C 3 .
  • the Figures 3.a to 3.c show the level lines of the graphs of the figures 2 .
  • the spirals made in a plate of this type will have maximum elastic symmetry, namely a symmetry with respect to the X plane and a symmetry with respect to the axis of the spiral (Z axis after rotation). These spirals will therefore be better balanced elastically than those made in a double rotation plate and without having a limitation of their heat compensation capacity. It should be noted that the simple rotation can also be performed around the Y axis.
  • the Figures 5.a to 5.b represent the variation, as a function of the angle ⁇ , of the thermal coefficients ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ of the stiffness, respectively, for a hairspring having a single rotation cut X / ⁇ .
  • the thermal drift of the pendulum depends on the material in which it is realized.
  • common stainless steels have a thermal coefficient of expansion varying typically between 10 and 15 ppm / ° C, whereas for brass the value of this coefficient is 17 ppm / ° C.
  • the figure 6 shows some examples of possible thermal compensation, for different balance materials, with X / ⁇ single-turn cutting spirals.
  • the curves C1 to C3 show the thermal drifts of the frequency of oscillators comprising steel rockers of different types, while the curve C4 corresponds to that of an oscillator with a brass balance.
  • the quartz hairspring also makes it possible to compensate for isochronism defects of the oscillator.
  • One of the main sources of anisochronism is the variation in the amplitude of the oscillations of the pendulum.
  • the variation of the anisochronism can be of the order of several ppm / degree of angle, typically 2 ppm / degree of angle with a typical angle variation of ⁇ 25%.
  • a known method to compensate for anisochronism is to act on the curvature of the end of the hairspring near the peak P. This method requires an adjustment step by specially trained persons; which is not optimal in terms of industrialization.
  • it is proposed to act on the local stiffness of the turn by modulating the width of its section.
  • the modulation has the effect of reinforcing the inertia and the local rigidity of the coil in the opposite sector to the peak.
  • the function of modulating the width of the section is, for example, of the type k .cos ( ⁇ m - ⁇ ), where k is a coefficient proportionality, ⁇ represents the polar angle in the considered section and ⁇ m the value of the polar angle to the peak.
  • k is a coefficient proportionality
  • ⁇ represents the polar angle in the considered section
  • ⁇ m the value of the polar angle to the peak.
  • the anisochronism compensation is about 1 ppm / degree of angle.
  • the exact value of k for a given oscillator can be determined empirically or by numerical simulation.
  • the figure 7 shows a spiral with such a modulation of the width of its section.
  • the modulation of the width of the section of the turns may be accompanied by a modulation of the pitch between the turns so that the interval between them at rest remains constant. This last modulation, not shown, avoids sticking between turns during large amplitudes of oscillation.
  • the spiral described above may be manufactured by any means known to those skilled in the art for the machining of quartz, such as wet attack means (chemical etching) or dry (plasma attack).

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Piezo-Electric Or Mechanical Vibrators, Or Delay Or Filter Circuits (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)
  • Percussion Or Vibration Massage (AREA)

Claims (6)

  1. Mechanischer Oszillator, eine Spiralfeder und eine Unruh umfassend, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spiralfeder aus einem Quarzsubstrat hergestellt ist mit einem Schnitt mit einfacher Rotation X / θ oder Y / θ, wobei der Winkel θ zwischen -24° und +24° inklusive ist,
    und dadurch, dass die Dicke der Windungen der Spiralfeder gemäß einer periodischen Funktion vom Typ k.cos(θm-θ) moduliert ist, wobei k ein Proportionalitätskoeffizient, θ der Polwinkel des betreffenden Abschnitts der Spiralfeder und θm der Polwinkel der Position des Spiralklötzchens ist, um die Isochronismusfehler der Unruh zu kompensieren.
  2. Mechanischer Oszillator nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Proportionalitätskoeffizient gleich 0,4 ist.
  3. Mechanischer Oszillator, eine Spiralfeder und eine Unruh umfassend, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Spiralfeder aus einem Quarzsubstrat hergestellt ist mit einem Schnitt mit einfacher Rotation X / θ oder Y / θ, wobei der Winkel θ zwischen -24° und +24° inklusive ist,
    und dadurch, dass die Dicke der Windungen der Spiralfeder gemäß einer linearen Funktion von der Mitte der Spiralfeder in Richtung Spiralklötzchen moduliert ist, um die Isochronismusfehler der Unruh zu kompensieren.
  4. Mechanischer Oszillator nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steigung der Windungen der Spiralfeder derart ist, dass der Abstand zwischen zwei aufeinander folgenden Windungen konstant bleibt.
  5. Mechanischer Oszillator nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Winkel θ derart ausgewählt ist, dass der thermische Koeffizient erster Ordnung α der Steifigkeit der Spiralfeder die thermische Abweichung der Unruh, die mit ihr zugeordnet ist, kompensiert.
  6. Mechanischer Oszillator nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Winkel θ derart bestimmt ist, dass die die thermische Abweichung des Oszillators beschreibende Kurve innerhalb der Uhrmacherlehre enthalten bleibt.
EP04405355A 2004-06-08 2004-06-08 Unruh-Spiralfeder-Oszillator mit Temperaturkompensation Expired - Lifetime EP1605182B8 (de)

Priority Applications (8)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE602004027471T DE602004027471D1 (de) 2004-06-08 2004-06-08 Unruh-Spiralfeder-Oszillator mit Temperaturkompensation
AT04405355T ATE470086T1 (de) 2004-06-08 2004-06-08 Unruh-spiralfeder-oszillator mit temperaturkompensation
EP04405355A EP1605182B8 (de) 2004-06-08 2004-06-08 Unruh-Spiralfeder-Oszillator mit Temperaturkompensation
JP2007526416A JP2008501967A (ja) 2004-06-08 2005-06-02 温度補償天輪／ヒゲゼンマイ発振器
CNB2005800233744A CN100564927C (zh) 2004-06-08 2005-06-02 带温度补偿的摆轮/游丝振荡器
PCT/EP2005/052520 WO2005124184A1 (fr) 2004-06-08 2005-06-02 Oscillateur balancier-spiral compense en temperature
US11/628,831 US7682068B2 (en) 2004-06-08 2005-06-02 Temperature-compensated balance wheel/hairspring oscillator
HK07111842.0A HK1106570A1 (en) 2004-06-08 2007-11-01 Temperature compensated balance-spiral oscillator

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP04405355A EP1605182B8 (de) 2004-06-08 2004-06-08 Unruh-Spiralfeder-Oszillator mit Temperaturkompensation

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1605182A1 EP1605182A1 (de) 2005-12-14
EP1605182B1 true EP1605182B1 (de) 2010-06-02
EP1605182B8 EP1605182B8 (de) 2010-07-14

Family

ID=34932141

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP04405355A Expired - Lifetime EP1605182B8 (de) 2004-06-08 2004-06-08 Unruh-Spiralfeder-Oszillator mit Temperaturkompensation

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US7682068B2 (de)
EP (1) EP1605182B8 (de)
JP (1) JP2008501967A (de)
CN (1) CN100564927C (de)
AT (1) ATE470086T1 (de)
DE (1) DE602004027471D1 (de)
HK (1) HK1106570A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2005124184A1 (de)

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EP1818736A1 (de) * 2006-02-09 2007-08-15 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Stossfeste Spiralrolle
EP2151722B8 (de) * 2008-07-29 2021-03-31 Rolex Sa Spiralfeder für Spiralfeder-Unruh-Resonator
CH699882A2 (fr) * 2008-11-06 2010-05-14 Montres Breguet Sa Spiral à élévation de courbe en matériau micro-usinable.
US10324419B2 (en) 2009-02-06 2019-06-18 Domasko GmbH Mechanical oscillating system for a clock and functional element for a clock
EP2284629A1 (de) * 2009-08-13 2011-02-16 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Thermokompensierter mechanischer Resonator
CH701846B8 (fr) * 2009-09-21 2015-06-15 Rolex Sa Spiral plat pour balancier d'horlogerie et ensemble balancier-spiral.
EP2337221A1 (de) * 2009-12-15 2011-06-22 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Thermokompensierter Resonator mindestens ersten und zweiten Grades
GB201001897D0 (en) * 2010-02-05 2010-03-24 Levingston Gideon Non magnetic mateial additives and processes for controling the thermoelastic modulus and spring stiffness within springs for precision instruments
US8777195B2 (en) * 2011-09-23 2014-07-15 Adicep Technologies, Inc. Non-linear torsion spring assembly
EP2590325A1 (de) * 2011-11-04 2013-05-08 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Thermokompensierter Resonator aus Keramik
EP2597536A1 (de) * 2011-11-25 2013-05-29 CSEM Centre Suisse d'Electronique et de Microtechnique SA - Recherche et Développement Verbesserte Spiralfeder, und Herstellungsverfahren dieser Spiralfeder
CH706087B1 (fr) * 2012-02-01 2016-09-15 Société Anonyme De La Mft D'horlogerie Audemars Piguet & Cie Spiral plat pour organe régulateur d'un mouvement d'horlogerie.
EP2703909A1 (de) * 2012-09-04 2014-03-05 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Gepaarter Spiralunruh-Schwinger
EP2717103B1 (de) * 2012-10-04 2017-01-11 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd. Leuchtende Spiralfeder
US9188956B2 (en) * 2012-12-28 2015-11-17 Seiko Instruments Inc. Balance, timepiece movement, timepiece and manufacturing method of balance
WO2014203086A1 (de) 2013-06-21 2014-12-24 Damasko Uhrenmanufaktur KG Schwingsystem für mechanische uhrwerke, spiralfeder und verfahren zu deren herstellung
DE102013106505B8 (de) * 2013-06-21 2014-08-21 Damasko Uhrenmanufaktur KG Schwingsystem für mechanische Uhrwerke
DE102013110090A1 (de) * 2013-09-13 2015-03-19 Damasko Uhrenmanufaktur KG Schwingsystem für mechanische Uhrwerke
CN105738034B (zh) * 2014-12-12 2018-05-22 天津海鸥表业集团有限公司 激光校正摆轮重心偏移的平衡测量方法及测量切削装置
HK1209578A2 (en) 2015-02-17 2016-04-01 Master Dynamic Ltd Silicon hairspring
EP3159746B1 (de) * 2015-10-19 2018-06-06 Rolex Sa Hochdotierte siliziumfeder für uhr
EP3214506B1 (de) * 2016-03-04 2019-01-30 ETA SA Manufacture Horlogère Suisse Kompakte spiralfeder mit konstantem doppelquerschnitt
SG11201806735QA (en) * 2016-03-23 2018-09-27 Patek Philippe Sa Geneve Balance-hairspring oscillator for a timepiece
TWI796444B (zh) * 2018-03-20 2023-03-21 瑞士商百達翡麗日內瓦股份有限公司 用於製造精確剛度之時計熱補償游絲的方法
EP3667433B1 (de) * 2018-12-12 2023-02-01 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Spiralfeder und ihr herstellungsverfahren

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DE60333191D1 (de) * 2003-09-26 2010-08-12 Asulab Sa Spiralfeder-Unruh-Resonator mit Thermokompensation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US7682068B2 (en) 2010-03-23
CN100564927C (zh) 2009-12-02
CN1985103A (zh) 2007-06-20
ATE470086T1 (de) 2010-06-15
US20080008050A1 (en) 2008-01-10
HK1106570A1 (en) 2008-03-14
JP2008501967A (ja) 2008-01-24
EP1605182A1 (de) 2005-12-14
EP1605182B8 (de) 2010-07-14
WO2005124184A1 (fr) 2005-12-29
DE602004027471D1 (de) 2010-07-15

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