EP1591636B1 - Air gap insulated exhaust manifold - Google Patents

Air gap insulated exhaust manifold Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1591636B1
EP1591636B1 EP05101601A EP05101601A EP1591636B1 EP 1591636 B1 EP1591636 B1 EP 1591636B1 EP 05101601 A EP05101601 A EP 05101601A EP 05101601 A EP05101601 A EP 05101601A EP 1591636 B1 EP1591636 B1 EP 1591636B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust manifold
pipe
inlet
longitudinal direction
outside
Prior art date
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EP05101601A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1591636A1 (en
Inventor
Thomas Nording
Thomas Beck
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Eberspaecher Climate Control Systems GmbH and Co KG
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J Eberspaecher GmbH and Co KG
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Publication of EP1591636A1 publication Critical patent/EP1591636A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
    • F01N13/10—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds
    • F01N13/102—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits of exhaust manifolds having thermal insulation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
    • F01N2470/24—Concentric tubes or tubes being concentric to housing, e.g. telescopically assembled

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an air gap-insulated exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle, having the features of the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such exhaust manifold is for example from the DE 44 44 760 A1 and includes a manifold extending in a longitudinal direction, a longitudinally oriented outlet opening, a plurality of longitudinally oriented inlet openings and a longitudinally extending flange containing the inlet openings.
  • Such an exhaust manifold is formed by an outer tube attached to the flange and an inner tube used to form an air gap insulation in the outer tube.
  • a material-saving construction is achieved in the known exhaust manifold in that in the region of at least one of the inlet openings, a gas-conducting outer pipe section is provided which leads from the respective inlet opening to an associated, spaced from the flange inner pipe inlet.
  • reduce the air gap isolated exhaust manifold heat application of components that z. B. are arranged in the engine compartment adjacent to the exhaust manifold.
  • the air gap insulation inevitably causes the inner tube is exposed to higher temperatures than the outer tube.
  • the inner tube expands during operation of the internal combustion engine stronger than the outer tube.
  • the resulting problem leads to an increased design effort in the known conventional exhaust manifolds.
  • the inner tube can be designed in several parts, wherein the individual inner tube parts are mounted on sliding seats to each other movable. In this way, the individual inner tube parts can move to each other to compensate for thermal expansion.
  • the associated production cost is relatively large.
  • the present invention is concerned with the problem of providing for a Abgaskrümmer of the type mentioned in a simplified embodiment, which can be produced in particular with a reduced effort.
  • the present invention is based on the general idea of fixing the inner tube exclusively in a fixing region on the outer tube, which is approximately centrally with respect to a longitudinal extent of the exhaust manifold.
  • This longitudinal extension is predetermined by the largest dimension of the exhaust manifold and extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the manifold and the flange.
  • the greatest thermal expansion of the exhaust manifold or of the inner tube relative to the outer tube occurs in this longitudinal direction.
  • the invention provides for the inner tube outside the fixing region to be arranged to be movable relative to the outer tube, at least in the longitudinal direction, which means that a thermally induced expansion of the inner tube relative to the outer tube is possible without tension at least in the longitudinal direction. Thermal stresses can thus be avoided, at least in the longitudinal direction.
  • This basically results in the possibility to design the inner tube in one piece; In particular, a multi-part construction with nested inner tube parts is not required. It is noteworthy that at the same time the material-saving advantages of known exhaust manifold can still be used, as further provided in the region of at least one inlet opening a gas-conducting outer pipe section.
  • the fixing region is formed exclusively in the region of that inlet opening which is arranged approximately centrally with respect to the longitudinal extent of the exhaust manifold.
  • the inner tube is inserted in the region of the inlet opening in the outer tube and soldered and / or welded there with this.
  • an exhaust manifold 1 according to the invention comprises a manifold 2 extending in a longitudinal direction 3 indicated by a broken line, an exhaust port 4 oriented substantially in the longitudinal direction 3, and a plurality of examples herein three inlet openings 5, which are each oriented substantially transverse to the longitudinal direction 3.
  • the orientation of the openings 4, 5 results from the normal direction of the associated opening plane, in which the respective opening 4, 5 is located. At the same time, the orientation of the respective opening 4, 5 corresponds to the main flow direction within the respective opening 4, 5.
  • the exhaust manifold 1 comprises a flange 6, which likewise extends in the longitudinal direction 3 or parallel thereto and which contains the inlet openings 5.
  • the exhaust manifold 1 can be attached to an engine block of an internal combustion engine, for. B. by means of screws which are pushed through formed on the flange 6 plug openings 7.
  • the exhaust manifold 1 thus forms a transition from the internal combustion engine an exhaust line of the internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle.
  • the manifold 2 From the manifold 2 go single lines 19, each leading to one of the inlet openings 5. Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment shown here, the manifold 2 merges into an inlet funnel 8, through which the exhaust gases pass into a downstream catalytic converter 9, which is arranged in the exhaust tract immediately after the exhaust manifold 1.
  • the exhaust manifold 1 consists of its outlet opening 4 to its inlet openings 5 of an outer tube 10 and an inner tube 11, which is used to form an air gap insulation 12 in the outer tube 10. Accordingly, this is an air gap-insulated or double-walled exhaust manifold 1.
  • a design feature is seen, inter alia, that in the region of at least one, here in the region of two inlet openings 5, namely in the region of the two inlet openings 5 shown on the right, in each case a gas-conducting Outer tube section 13 is provided.
  • These outer tube sections 13 each lead from the associated inlet opening 5 to an associated inner tube inlet 14, which is arranged spaced from the flange 6.
  • the inner tube 11 is attached to the outer tube 10 exclusively in a fixing region 15 in the case of the exhaust manifold.
  • This fixing region 15 is deliberately chosen such that it is arranged approximately centrally with respect to the longitudinal direction 3 between the outlet opening 4 on the left and the inlet opening 5, which is farthest away from the outlet opening 4 and is shown on the right.
  • the inner tube 11 outside of this fixing region 15 is arranged to be movable relative to the outer tube 10 at least in the longitudinal direction 3. Due to the central fixation of the inner tube 11 on the outer tube 10, the thermal expansion of the inner tube 11 in the direction of the outlet opening 4 and in the opposite direction is minimized.
  • the fixing region 15 is formed exclusively in the region of the inlet opening 5 shown on the left, ie in the region of that inlet opening 5, which lies approximately centrally with respect to the longitudinal direction 3 between the outlet opening 4 and the inlet opening 5 farthest therefrom and illustrated on the right ,
  • the fixing region 15 is expediently annular and extends in the circumferential direction of the inlet opening 5.
  • the inner tube 11 expediently extends in the fixing region 15 up to or into the flange 6.
  • the inner tube 11 is fastened to the outer tube 10 in the region of the associated inlet opening 5.
  • the outer tube 10 is in turn fixed in the fixing region 15 on the flange 6.
  • the inner tube 11 is thus guided to the inlet opening 5, so that the associated inner tube inlet 14 essentially coincides with the inlet opening 5.
  • no gas-conducting outer pipe section 13 is provided in this single line 19. Accordingly, the gas-conducting outer pipe sections 13 are provided exclusively in the area of those inlet openings 5 which lie outside the fixing area 15.
  • a special feature is also seen in the design of the transition between inner tube 11 and outer tube 10, which is realized in the single line 19, which is farthest from the inlet opening 5 and thus leads to the inlet opening 5 shown on the right.
  • the inner tube 11 is movably mounted in the outer tube 10 via a sliding seat 16.
  • This sliding seat 16 allows guided relative movements between inner tube 11 and outer tube 10, which have a significant component in the longitudinal direction 3.
  • the sliding seat 16 is exemplarily realized by a plurality of locally limited spacers 17 which are arranged circumferentially distributed in the region of the associated inner tube inlet 14 and are made for example by forms directly on the inner tube 11.
  • spacers 17 lead to a localized, planar contact between the inner tube 11 and outer tube 10 and serve to position the inner tube 11 on the outer tube 10. At the same time allow such spacers 17 relative displacements of the two tubes 10, 11 to each other.
  • further spacers 17 may be provided.
  • further spacer elements 17 are provided along the circumference of the outlet opening 4 here.
  • a further spacer element 17 is formed opposite the inlet opening 5 provided with the fixing region 15.
  • the spacer elements 17 may additionally or alternatively also be formed on the outer tube 10 by Aus- or impressions.
  • the sliding seat 16 in the region of that inlet opening 5, which is furthest away from the fixing region 15, readily permits comparatively large relative adjustments between inner tube 11 and outer tube 10
  • another embodiment is exemplarily reproduced here for the region of the central inlet opening 5, which alternatively or as here cumulatively in the region of at least one inlet opening 5 can be used, which is outside the fixing region 15.
  • the inner tube 11 has an inner tube inlet 14, which is oriented essentially parallel to the associated inlet opening 5, that is to say transversely to the longitudinal direction 3.
  • this inner tube inlet 14 is arranged free-standing in front of the outer tube section 13, which leads from the associated inlet opening 5 to the inner tube inlet 14.
  • Freestanding here means that the inner tube 11 in the region of the inner tube inlet 14 at least parallel to the longitudinal direction 3 has a clearance relative to the outer tube 10, so that in this area the inner tube 11 can move with said inner tube inlet 14 in the longitudinal direction 3 relative to the outer tube 10 , At the same time this game ensures the formation of the air gap insulation 12 in this area.
  • a particular constructive detail is seen in a preferred embodiment in that the dimensions of inner tube 11 and outer tube 10 are suitably matched to one another such that the inner tube inlet 14 parallel to the inlet opening 5 is approximately centric at the operating temperature is aligned with the inlet opening 5.
  • the dimensions of the inlet opening 5 and the inner tube inlet 14 can advantageously be matched to one another such that the flow resistance from the inlet opening 5 to the inner tube 11 is as low as possible, in order to avoid leakage flows into the annular gap located in the region of the inner tube inlet 14 between the outer tube 10 and inner tube 11 is formed.
  • the inner tube inlet 14 is arranged eccentrically offset relative to the associated inlet opening 5 with respect to the longitudinal direction 3, as a result of which the inner tube 11 keeps the thermally induced expansion quasi constructive in this area.
  • the inlet funnel 8 which widens toward the catalyst 9, is integrated into the manifold 2, ie. H.
  • the inlet funnel 8 also forms an integral part of the exhaust manifold 1. In this way, the fluidic transition between the manifold 2 and inlet funnel 8 and catalyst 9 can be realized with little resistance, at the same time a particularly effective air gap isolation can be realized to the catalyst 9.
  • the outer tube 10 is usually assembled from two half-shells, which are fixed in a suitable manner heat-resistant together, for. B. by crimping, soldering and / or welding.
  • the inner tube 11 may actually be made in one piece, for. B. by means of a hydroforming or hydroforming process.
  • the one-piece design for the inner tube 11 allows a particularly inexpensive production of the inner tube 11 and ultimately a correspondingly inexpensive production for the exhaust manifold 1.
  • This one-piece construction of the inner tube 11 is made possible mainly by the inventively proposed fixation between inner tube 11 and outer tube 10, exclusively in which with respect to the longitudinal extent of the exhaust manifold 1 centrally arranged fixing region 15 takes place.
  • the central fixation which is expediently realized in the region of that inlet opening 5, which is arranged approximately in the middle of the longitudinal extension of the exhaust manifold 1, the thermally induced expansion takes place in the longitudinal direction 3 to both sides and thereby falls in magnitude relatively small.
  • Transverse to the longitudinal direction 3 the heat-related expansion is comparatively small and can inter alia be absorbed by elastic bending deformation of the inner tube 11.
  • the inner tube 11 preferably has a smaller wall thickness than the outer tube.
  • the wall thickness of the inner tube 11 is at least 50%, preferably between 50% and 80% smaller than the wall thickness of the outer tube 10.
  • the outer shell 10 may be about 1.5 mm thick, while the inner shell is about 0.3 to 0.5 mm thick.
  • the inner shell 11 and the outer shell 10 may be made of different materials in order to optimize the load capacity and life of the exhaust manifold 1.
  • the spacers 17 are positioned and dimensioned in a suitable manner.
  • beads or similar structural reinforcing measures can be provided in order to specifically influence the buckling behavior.
  • the exhaust manifold 1 here also includes a connection point 18, for an exhaust gas probe, in particular a lambda probe.
  • the air gap insulation 12 may be arranged in another embodiment, heat-resistant bearing mats to the insulating effect, the positioning effect and the Holder and damping of the inner tube 11 to improve.
  • bearing mats can also be used to achieve a gap seal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Cooling, Air Intake And Gas Exhaust, And Fuel Tank Arrangements In Propulsion Units (AREA)
  • Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
  • Transformer Cooling (AREA)
  • Current-Collector Devices For Electrically Propelled Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

The manifold has an inside pipe (11) mounted on an outside pipe (10) only in an attachment area (15) which is arranged with respect to a longitudinal direction (3) approximately centrally between an outlet opening (4) and an inlet opening (5) which is at the greatest distance from the outlet opening. A flange (6) extends in the longitudinal direction. A collecting line (2) extends in a longitudinal direction (3). The outlet opening is oriented in the longitudinal direction. Multiple inlet openings are formed along the longitudinal direction.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft einen luftspaltisolierten Abgaskrümmer einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere in einem Kraftfahrzeug, mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to an air gap-insulated exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle, having the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Ein derartiger Abgaskrümmer ist beispielsweise aus der DE 44 44 760 A1 bekannt und umfasst eine sich in einer Längsrichtung erstreckende Sammelleitung, eine in der Längsrichtung orientierte Auslassöffnung, mehrere quer zur Längsrichtung orientierte Einlassöffnungen und einen sich in der Längsrichtung erstreckenden, die Einlassöffnungen enthaltenden Flansch. Ein derartiger Abgaskrümmer wird dabei durch ein am Flansch angebrachtes Außenrohr sowie ein unter Ausbildung einer Luftspaltisolierung in das Außenrohr eingesetztes Innenrohr gebildet. Ein materialsparender Aufbau wird beim bekannten Abgaskrümmer dadurch erreicht, dass im Bereich wenigstens einer der Einlassöffnungen ein gasführender Außenrohrabschnitt vorgesehen ist, der von der jeweiligen Einlassöffnung zu einem zugeordneten, vom Flansch beabstandeten Innenrohreinlass führt.Such exhaust manifold is for example from the DE 44 44 760 A1 and includes a manifold extending in a longitudinal direction, a longitudinally oriented outlet opening, a plurality of longitudinally oriented inlet openings and a longitudinally extending flange containing the inlet openings. Such an exhaust manifold is formed by an outer tube attached to the flange and an inner tube used to form an air gap insulation in the outer tube. A material-saving construction is achieved in the known exhaust manifold in that in the region of at least one of the inlet openings, a gas-conducting outer pipe section is provided which leads from the respective inlet opening to an associated, spaced from the flange inner pipe inlet.

Bei dieser Bauweise wird berücksichtigt, dass die unmittelbar an die Einlassöffnung anschließenden Bereiche des Abgaskrümmers thermisch weniger stark belastet sind als die Sammelleitung, in welcher ein erhöhter Massenstrom an heißen Abgasen sowie eine Umlenkung der Abgase erfolgt. Durch das Weglassen des Innenrohrs im Bereich der Einlassöffnungen ergibt sich eine beachtliche Materialeinsparung.In this design, it is considered that the immediately adjacent to the inlet opening areas of the exhaust manifold are thermally less heavily loaded than the manifold, in which an increased mass flow of hot exhaust gases and a deflection of the exhaust gases takes place. The omission of the inner tube in the region of the inlet openings results in considerable material savings.

Luftspaltisolierte, doppelwandige Abgaskrümmer finden bei Abgasanlagen von Brennkraftmaschinen, insbesondere von Kraftfahrzeugen, zunehmend Verwendung und sorgen für einen optimalen Betrieb eines nachgeordneten Katalysators. Zum einen bewirken sie eine reduzierte Wärmeabgabe des Abgases an die Umgebung, so dass das Abgas mit höherer Temperatur dem jeweiligen Katalysator zugeführt werden kann. Dies ist insbesondere während der Warmlaufphase der Brennkraftmaschine von Bedeutung, da dadurch der Katalysator besonders rasch seine Arbeitstemperatur erreichen kann. Zum anderen reduzieren die luftspaltisolierten Abgaskrümmer die Wärmebeaufschlagung von Komponenten, die z. B. im Motorraum benachbart zum Abgaskrümmer angeordnet sind.Air gap insulated, double-walled exhaust manifold found in exhaust systems of internal combustion engines, especially of motor vehicles, increasingly used and ensure optimal operation of a downstream catalyst. On the one hand, they bring about a reduced heat emission of the exhaust gas to the environment, so that the exhaust gas with a higher temperature can be supplied to the respective catalyst. This is particularly important during the warm-up phase of the internal combustion engine, since the catalyst can reach its working temperature very quickly. On the other hand, reduce the air gap isolated exhaust manifold heat application of components that z. B. are arranged in the engine compartment adjacent to the exhaust manifold.

Bei Abgaskrümmern dieser Art führt die Luftspaltisolierung zwangsläufig dazu, dass das Innenrohr höheren Temperaturen ausgesetzt ist als das Außenrohr. In der Folge dehnt sich das Innenrohr im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine stärker aus als das Außenrohr. Die sich daraus entwickelnde Problematik führt zu einem erhöhten konstruktiven Aufwand bei den bekannten herkömmlichen Abgaskrümmern. Beispielsweise kann das Innenrohr mehrteilig ausgestaltet sein, wobei die einzelnen Innenrohrteile über Schiebesitze aneinander beweglich gelagert sind. Auf diese Weise können sich die einzelnen Innenrohrteile zueinander bewegen, um eine thermische Ausdehnung zu kompensieren. Der damit verbundene Herstellungsaufwand ist jedoch vergleichsweise groß.For exhaust manifolds of this type, the air gap insulation inevitably causes the inner tube is exposed to higher temperatures than the outer tube. As a result, the inner tube expands during operation of the internal combustion engine stronger than the outer tube. The resulting problem leads to an increased design effort in the known conventional exhaust manifolds. For example, the inner tube can be designed in several parts, wherein the individual inner tube parts are mounted on sliding seats to each other movable. In this way, the individual inner tube parts can move to each other to compensate for thermal expansion. The associated production cost, however, is relatively large.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich mit dem Problem, für einen Abgaskrümmer der eingangs genannten Art eine vereinfachte Ausführungsform anzugeben, die insbesondere mit einem reduzierten Aufwand herstellbar ist.The present invention is concerned with the problem of providing for a Abgaskrümmer of the type mentioned in a simplified embodiment, which can be produced in particular with a reduced effort.

Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch den Gegenstand des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der Ansprüche 2-13.This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of claims 2-13.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, das Innenrohr ausschließlich in einem Fixierbereich am Außenrohr zu befestigen, der sich bezüglich einer Längserstreckung des Abgaskrümmers etwa mittig befindet. Diese Längserstreckung ist dabei durch die größte Dimension des Abgaskrümmers vorgegeben und verläuft im wesentlichen parallel zur Längsrichtung der Sammelleitung und des Flansches. In dieser Längsrichtung kommt es im Betrieb der Brennkraftmaschine zur größten thermisch bedingten Ausdehnung des Abgaskrümmers bzw. des Innenrohrs relativ zum Außenrohr. Durch die gezielte Positionierung des Fixierbereichs in der Mitte der Längserstreckung werden die zu erwartenden Relativbewegungen minimiert. Darüber hinaus sieht die Erfindung vor, das Innenrohr außerhalb des Fixierbereichs zumindest in der Längsrichtung relativ zum Außenrohr beweglich anzuordnen, was dazu führt, dass eine thermisch bedingte Ausdehnung des Innenrohrs relativ zum Außenrohr zumindest in der Längsrichtung nahezu spannungsfrei möglich ist. Thermische Spannungen können somit zumindest in der Längsrichtung vermieden werden. Hierdurch ergibt sich grundsätzlich die Möglichkeit, das Innenrohr einstückig auszugestalten; insbesondere ist eine mehrteilige Bauweise mit ineinander gesteckten Innenrohrteilen nicht erforderlich. Beachtenswert ist hierbei, dass gleichzeitig die materialsparenden Vorteile bekannter Abgaskrümmer nach wie vor genutzt werden können, da weiterhin im Bereich wenigstens einer Einlassöffnung ein gasführender Außenrohrabschnitt vorgesehen ist.The present invention is based on the general idea of fixing the inner tube exclusively in a fixing region on the outer tube, which is approximately centrally with respect to a longitudinal extent of the exhaust manifold. This longitudinal extension is predetermined by the largest dimension of the exhaust manifold and extends substantially parallel to the longitudinal direction of the manifold and the flange. During operation of the internal combustion engine, the greatest thermal expansion of the exhaust manifold or of the inner tube relative to the outer tube occurs in this longitudinal direction. By the targeted positioning of the fixing area in the middle of the longitudinal extent of the minimized to expected relative movements. In addition, the invention provides for the inner tube outside the fixing region to be arranged to be movable relative to the outer tube, at least in the longitudinal direction, which means that a thermally induced expansion of the inner tube relative to the outer tube is possible without tension at least in the longitudinal direction. Thermal stresses can thus be avoided, at least in the longitudinal direction. This basically results in the possibility to design the inner tube in one piece; In particular, a multi-part construction with nested inner tube parts is not required. It is noteworthy that at the same time the material-saving advantages of known exhaust manifold can still be used, as further provided in the region of at least one inlet opening a gas-conducting outer pipe section.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist eine Ausführungsform, bei welcher der Fixierbereich ausschließlich im Bereich derjenigen Einlassöffnung ausgebildet ist, die bezüglich der Längserstreckung des Abgaskrümmers etwa mittig angeordnet ist. Im Bereich dieser Einlassöffnung kann besonders einfach eine feste Verbindung zwischen Innenrohr und Außenrohr hergestellt werden. Beispielsweise wird das Innenrohr im Bereich der Einlassöffnung in das Außenrohr eingesteckt und mit diesem dort verlötet und/oder verschweißt.Particularly advantageous is an embodiment in which the fixing region is formed exclusively in the region of that inlet opening which is arranged approximately centrally with respect to the longitudinal extent of the exhaust manifold. In the area of this inlet opening, it is particularly easy to produce a firm connection between inner tube and outer tube. For example, the inner tube is inserted in the region of the inlet opening in the outer tube and soldered and / or welded there with this.

Eine andere vorteilhafte Ausführungsform ergibt sich dann, wenn die Auslassöffnung an einem Austrittsende eines Einlasstrichters für einen Katalysator angeordnet ist, wobei die Sammelleitung in diesen Einlasstrichter, insbesondere einstückig, übergeht. Auf diese Weise wird in den Abgaskrümmer eine zusätzliche Funktionalität, nämlich die des Einlasstrichters des Katalysators, integriert, was insgesamt den Herstellungsaufwand einer mit dem Abgaskrümmer ausgestatteten Abgasanlage reduziert. Dabei kann besonders preiswert das Prinzip der Luftspaltisolierung auch im Bereich des Einlasstrichters realisiert werden.Another advantageous embodiment is obtained when the outlet opening at an outlet end of a Inlet funnel is arranged for a catalyst, wherein the manifold into this inlet funnel, in particular integrally, merges. In this way, in the exhaust manifold an additional functionality, namely that of the inlet funnel of the catalyst, integrated, which reduces the overall manufacturing cost of an exhaust manifold equipped with the exhaust manifold. In this case, the principle of air gap insulation can also be realized in the region of the inlet funnel particularly inexpensive.

Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus den Zeichnungen und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnungen.Other important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the drawings and from the associated figure description with reference to the drawings.

Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in den Zeichnungen dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert, wobei sich gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleiche oder funktional gleiche oder ähnliche Bauteile beziehen.A preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawings and will be explained in more detail in the following description, wherein like reference numerals refer to identical or functionally identical or similar components.

Es zeigen, jeweils schematisch,

Fig. 1
eine Draufsicht auf einen erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmer,
Fig. 2
eine Seitenansicht auf den Abgaskrümmer entsprechend einem Pfeil II in Fig. 1.
Show, in each case schematically,
Fig. 1
a top view of an exhaust manifold according to the invention,
Fig. 2
a side view of the exhaust manifold according to an arrow II in Fig. 1st

Entsprechend den Fig. 1 und 2 umfasst ein Abgaskrümmer 1 nach der Erfindung eine Sammelleitung 2, die sich in einer durch eine unterbrochene Linie angedeuteten Längsrichtung 3 erstreckt, eine Auslassöffnung 4, die im wesentlichen in der Längsrichtung 3 orientiert ist, sowie mehrere, hier exemplarisch drei Einlassöffnungen 5, die jeweils im wesentlichen quer zur Längsrichtung 3 orientiert sind. Die Orientierung der Öffnungen 4, 5 ergibt sich aus der Normalrichtung der zugehörigen Öffnungsebene, in welcher die jeweilige Öffnung 4, 5 liegt. Gleichzeitig entspricht die Orientierung der jeweiligen Öffnung 4, 5 der Hauptströmungsrichtung innerhalb der jeweiligen Öffnung 4, 5.Referring to Figures 1 and 2, an exhaust manifold 1 according to the invention comprises a manifold 2 extending in a longitudinal direction 3 indicated by a broken line, an exhaust port 4 oriented substantially in the longitudinal direction 3, and a plurality of examples herein three inlet openings 5, which are each oriented substantially transverse to the longitudinal direction 3. The orientation of the openings 4, 5 results from the normal direction of the associated opening plane, in which the respective opening 4, 5 is located. At the same time, the orientation of the respective opening 4, 5 corresponds to the main flow direction within the respective opening 4, 5.

Des Weiteren umfasst der Abgaskrümmer 1 einen Flansch 6, der sich ebenfalls in der Längsrichtung 3 bzw. parallel dazu erstreckt und der die Einlassöffnungen 5 enthält. Über den Flansch 6 kann der Abgaskrümmer 1 an einem Motorblock einer Brennkraftmaschine befestigt werden, z. B. mittels Schrauben, die durch am Flansch 6 ausgebildete Stecköffnungen 7 durchsteckbar sind. Der Abgaskrümmer 1 bildet somit einen Übergang von der Brennkraftmaschine zu einem Abgasstrang der Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere in einem Kraftfahrzeug.Furthermore, the exhaust manifold 1 comprises a flange 6, which likewise extends in the longitudinal direction 3 or parallel thereto and which contains the inlet openings 5. About the flange 6, the exhaust manifold 1 can be attached to an engine block of an internal combustion engine, for. B. by means of screws which are pushed through formed on the flange 6 plug openings 7. The exhaust manifold 1 thus forms a transition from the internal combustion engine an exhaust line of the internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle.

Von der Sammelleitung 2 gehen Einzelleitungen 19 aus, welche jeweils zu einer der Einlassöffnungen 5 führen. Des Weiteren geht die Sammelleitung 2 bei der hier gezeigten, bevorzugten Ausführungsform in einen Einlasstrichter 8 über, durch den die Abgase in einen nachgeordneten Katalysator 9 gelangen, der im Abgasstrang unmittelbar nach dem Abgaskrümmer 1 angeordnet ist.From the manifold 2 go single lines 19, each leading to one of the inlet openings 5. Furthermore, in the preferred embodiment shown here, the manifold 2 merges into an inlet funnel 8, through which the exhaust gases pass into a downstream catalytic converter 9, which is arranged in the exhaust tract immediately after the exhaust manifold 1.

Der Abgaskrümmer 1 besteht von seiner Auslassöffnung 4 bis zu seinen Einlassöffnungen 5 aus einem Außenrohr 10 und aus einem Innenrohr 11, welches unter Ausbildung einer Luftspaltisolierung 12 in das Außenrohr 10 eingesetzt ist. Dementsprechend handelt es sich hier um einen luftspaltisolierten oder doppelwandigen Abgaskrümmer 1. Eine konstruktive Besonderheit wird unter anderem darin gesehen, dass im Bereich von wenigstens einer, hier im Bereich von zwei Einlassöffnungen 5, nämlich im Bereich der beiden rechts dargestellten Einlassöffnungen 5, jeweils ein gasführender Außenrohrabschnitt 13 vorgesehen ist. Diese Außenrohrabschnitte 13 führen dabei jeweils von der zugehörigen Einlassöffnung 5 zu einem zugeordneten Innenrohreinlass 14, der jeweils vom Flansch 6 beabstandet angeordnet ist. Auf diese Weise erfolgt zwischen dem jeweiligen Innenrohreinlass 14 und der zugeordneten Einlassöffnung 5 die Gasführung nicht im Innenrohr 11, sondern im Außenrohr 10. Dies ist deshalb möglich, weil im Bereich der Einzelleitungen 19 die thermische Belastung weniger stark ausgeprägt ist als stromab davon in der Sammelleitung 2. Im Ergebnis kann durch die gasführenden Außenrohrabschnitte 13 Material eingespart werden, nämlich am Innenrohr 11. Gleichzeitig reduzieren sich dadurch die Probleme, die im Zusammenhang unterschiedlicher Wärmedehnungen entstehen können.The exhaust manifold 1 consists of its outlet opening 4 to its inlet openings 5 of an outer tube 10 and an inner tube 11, which is used to form an air gap insulation 12 in the outer tube 10. Accordingly, this is an air gap-insulated or double-walled exhaust manifold 1. A design feature is seen, inter alia, that in the region of at least one, here in the region of two inlet openings 5, namely in the region of the two inlet openings 5 shown on the right, in each case a gas-conducting Outer tube section 13 is provided. These outer tube sections 13 each lead from the associated inlet opening 5 to an associated inner tube inlet 14, which is arranged spaced from the flange 6. In this way takes place between the respective inner tube inlet 14 and the associated inlet opening 5, the gas guide not in the inner tube 11, but in the outer tube 10. This is possible because in As a result, can be saved by the gas-conducting outer pipe sections 13 material, namely the inner tube 11. At the same time thereby reduce the problems that may arise in the context of different thermal expansion ,

Erfindungsgemäß ist beim Abgaskrümmer das Innenrohr 11 ausschließlich in einem Fixierbereich 15 am Außenrohr 10 befestigt. Dieser Fixierbereich 15 ist gezielt so gewählt, dass er bezüglich der Längsrichtung 3 etwa mittig zwischen der links dargestellten Auslassöffnung 4 und der am weitest von der Auslassöffnung 4 entfernten, rechts dargestellten Einlassöffnung 5 angeordnet ist. Gleichzeitig ist das Innenrohr 11 außerhalb dieses Fixierbereichs 15 zumindest in der Längsrichtung 3 relativ zum Außenrohr 10 beweglich angeordnet. Durch die mittige Fixierung des Innenrohrs 11 am Außenrohr 10 wird die thermische Ausdehnung des Innenrohrs 11 in Richtung auf die Auslassöffnung 4 sowie in der Gegenrichtung minimiert. Gleichzeitig werden Relativbewegungen zwischen Innenrohr 11 und Außenrohr 10 außerhalb des Fixierbereichs 15 durch die vorgesehene Beweglichkeit zwischen Innenrohr 11 und Außenrohr 10 ermöglicht. Thermische Spannungen können sich zumindest in der Längsrichtung 3 beim erfindungsgemäßen Abgaskrümmer daher nicht aufbauen.According to the invention, the inner tube 11 is attached to the outer tube 10 exclusively in a fixing region 15 in the case of the exhaust manifold. This fixing region 15 is deliberately chosen such that it is arranged approximately centrally with respect to the longitudinal direction 3 between the outlet opening 4 on the left and the inlet opening 5, which is farthest away from the outlet opening 4 and is shown on the right. At the same time, the inner tube 11 outside of this fixing region 15 is arranged to be movable relative to the outer tube 10 at least in the longitudinal direction 3. Due to the central fixation of the inner tube 11 on the outer tube 10, the thermal expansion of the inner tube 11 in the direction of the outlet opening 4 and in the opposite direction is minimized. At the same time relative movements between the inner tube 11 and outer tube 10 outside of the fixing region 15 by the intended mobility between the inner tube 11 and outer tube 10 are made possible. Thermal stresses can therefore not build up, at least in the longitudinal direction 3 in the exhaust manifold according to the invention.

Bei der hier gezeigten bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der Fixierbereich 15 ausschließlich im Bereich der links dargestellten Einlassöffnung 5 ausgebildet, also im Bereich derjenigen Einlassöffnung 5, die bezüglich der Längsrichtung 3 etwa mittig zwischen der Auslassöffnung 4 und der davon am weitesten entfernten, rechts dargestellten Einlassöffnung 5 liegt. Demzufolge ist der Fixierbereich 15 zweckmäßig ringförmig ausgestaltet und erstreckt sich in Umfangsrichtung der Einlassöffnung 5.In the preferred embodiment shown here, the fixing region 15 is formed exclusively in the region of the inlet opening 5 shown on the left, ie in the region of that inlet opening 5, which lies approximately centrally with respect to the longitudinal direction 3 between the outlet opening 4 and the inlet opening 5 farthest therefrom and illustrated on the right , As a result, the fixing region 15 is expediently annular and extends in the circumferential direction of the inlet opening 5.

Im Bereich der dem Fixierbereich 15 zugeordneten Einzelleitung 19 erstreckt sich das Innenrohr 11 zweckmäßig im Fixierbereich 15 bis zum oder bis in den Flansch 6. Dabei ist das Innenrohr 11 im Bereich der zugehörigen Einlassöffnung 5 am Außerohr 10 befestigt. Das Außenrohr 10 ist seinerseits im Fixierbereich 15 am Flansch 6 befestigt. Im Unterschied zu den anderen Einzelleitungen 19 ist bei der dem Fixierbereich 15 zugeordneten Einzelleitung 19 das Innenrohr 11 somit bis zur Einlassöffnung 5 geführt, so dass der zugehörige Innenrohreinlass 14 im wesentlichen mit der Einlassöffnung 5 zusammenfällt. Jedenfalls ist bei dieser Einzelleitung 19 kein gasführender Außenrohrabschnitt 13 vorgesehen. Demnach sind die gasführenden Außenrohrabschnitte 13 ausschließlich im Bereich derjenigen Einlassöffnungen 5 vorgesehen, die außerhalb des Fixierbereichs 15 liegen.In the region of the individual line 19 assigned to the fixing region 15, the inner tube 11 expediently extends in the fixing region 15 up to or into the flange 6. The inner tube 11 is fastened to the outer tube 10 in the region of the associated inlet opening 5. The outer tube 10 is in turn fixed in the fixing region 15 on the flange 6. In contrast to the other individual lines 19, in the individual line 19 assigned to the fixing region 15, the inner tube 11 is thus guided to the inlet opening 5, so that the associated inner tube inlet 14 essentially coincides with the inlet opening 5. In any case, no gas-conducting outer pipe section 13 is provided in this single line 19. Accordingly, the gas-conducting outer pipe sections 13 are provided exclusively in the area of those inlet openings 5 which lie outside the fixing area 15.

Eine Besonderheit wird auch in der Ausgestaltung des Übergangs zwischen Innenrohr 11 und Außenrohr 10 gesehen, der in derjenigen Einzelleitung 19 realisiert ist, die am weitesten von der Einlassöffnung 5 entfernt ist und somit zur rechts dargestellten Einlassöffnung 5 führt. In diesem Übergang ist das Innenrohr 11 über einen Schiebesitz 16 im Außenrohr 10 beweglich gelagert. Dieser Schiebesitz 16 ermöglicht dabei geführte Relativbewegungen zwischen Innenrohr 11 und Außenrohr 10, die eine signifikante Komponente in der Längsrichtung 3 aufweisen. In der dargestellten Ausführungsform wird der Schiebesitz 16 exemplarisch durch mehrere lokal begrenzte Distanzelemente 17 realisiert, die im Bereich des zugehörigen Innenrohreinlasses 14 umfangsmäßig verteilt angeordnet sind und beispielsweise durch Ausprägungen unmittelbar am Innenrohr 11 hergestellt sind. Derartige Distanzelemente 17 führen zu einem örtlich begrenzten, flächigen Kontakt zwischen Innenrohr 11 und Außenrohr 10 und dienen zur Positionierung des Innenrohrs 11 am Außenrohr 10. Gleichzeitig ermöglichen derartige Distanzelemente 17 Relativverschiebungen der beiden Rohre 10, 11 aneinander. Entlang des Innenrohrs 11 können weitere Distanzelemente 17 vorgesehen sein. Exemplarisch sind hier entlang des Umfangs der Auslassöffnung 4 weitere Distanzelemente 17 vorgesehen. Ebenfalls ist gegenüber der mit dem Fixierbereich 15 ausgestatteten Einlassöffnung 5 ein weiteres Distanzelement 17 ausgebildet.A special feature is also seen in the design of the transition between inner tube 11 and outer tube 10, which is realized in the single line 19, which is farthest from the inlet opening 5 and thus leads to the inlet opening 5 shown on the right. In this transition, the inner tube 11 is movably mounted in the outer tube 10 via a sliding seat 16. This sliding seat 16 allows guided relative movements between inner tube 11 and outer tube 10, which have a significant component in the longitudinal direction 3. In the illustrated embodiment, the sliding seat 16 is exemplarily realized by a plurality of locally limited spacers 17 which are arranged circumferentially distributed in the region of the associated inner tube inlet 14 and are made for example by forms directly on the inner tube 11. Such spacers 17 lead to a localized, planar contact between the inner tube 11 and outer tube 10 and serve to position the inner tube 11 on the outer tube 10. At the same time allow such spacers 17 relative displacements of the two tubes 10, 11 to each other. Along the inner tube 11 further spacers 17 may be provided. By way of example, further spacer elements 17 are provided along the circumference of the outlet opening 4 here. Likewise, a further spacer element 17 is formed opposite the inlet opening 5 provided with the fixing region 15.

Die Distanzelemente 17 können zusätzlich oder alternativ auch am Außenrohr 10 durch Aus- oder Einprägungen ausgebildet sein.The spacer elements 17 may additionally or alternatively also be formed on the outer tube 10 by Aus- or impressions.

Während der Schiebesitz 16 im Bereich derjenigen Einlassöffnung 5, die am weitest vom Fixierbereich 15 entfernt ist, ohne weiteres vergleichsweise große Relativverstellungen zwischen Innenrohr 11 und Außenrohr 10 ermöglicht, wird hier exemplarisch für den Bereich der mittleren Einlassöffnung 5 eine andere Ausgestaltung wiedergegeben, die alternativ oder wie hier kumulativ im Bereich zumindest einer Einlassöffnung 5 zur Anwendung kommen kann, die außerhalb des Fixierbereichs 15 liegt. Im Bereich der mittleren Einlassöffnung 5 weist das Innenrohr 11 einen Innenrohreinlass 14 auf, der im wesentlichen parallel zur zugeordneten Einlassöffnung 5, also quer zur Längsrichtung 3 orientiert ist. Des Weiteren ist dieser Innenrohreinlass 14 freistehend vor dem Außenrohrabschnitt 13 angeordnet, der von der zugehörigen Einlassöffnung 5 zum Innenrohreinlass 14 führt. Freistehend bedeutet hier, dass das Innenrohr 11 im Bereich des Innenrohreinlasses 14 zumindest parallel zur Längsrichtung 3 ein Spiel gegenüber dem Außenrohr 10 aufweist, so dass sich in diesem Bereich das Innenrohr 11 mit dem genannten Innenrohreinlass 14 in der Längsrichtung 3 relativ zum Außenrohr 10 bewegen kann. Gleichzeitig gewährleistet dieses Spiel die Ausbildung der Luftspaltisolierung 12 in diesen Bereich. Ein besonderes konstruktives Detail wird bei einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform darin gesehen, dass die Dimensionen von Innenrohr 11 und Außenrohr 10 zweckmäßig so aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass der zur Einlassöffnung 5 parallele Innenrohreinlass 14 bei Betriebstemperatur etwa zentrisch zur Einlassöffnung 5 ausgerichtet ist. Gleichzeitig können die Dimensionen von Einlassöffnung 5 und Innenrohreinlass 14 vorteilhaft so aufeinander abgestimmt sein, dass ein möglichst geringer Strömungswiderstand von der Einlassöffnung 5 bis in das Innenrohr 11 vorliegt, um Leckageströmungen in den Ringspalt zu vermeiden, der sich im Bereich des Innenrohreinlasses 14 zwischen Außenrohr 10 und Innenrohr 11 ausbildet. Im Kaltzustand ist der Innenrohreinlass 14 bezüglich der Längsrichtung 3 exzentrisch versetzt zur zugeordneten Einlassöffnung 5 angeordnet, wodurch das Innenrohr 11 in diesem Bereich die thermisch bedingte Dehnung quasi konstruktiv vorhält.While the sliding seat 16 in the region of that inlet opening 5, which is furthest away from the fixing region 15, readily permits comparatively large relative adjustments between inner tube 11 and outer tube 10, another embodiment is exemplarily reproduced here for the region of the central inlet opening 5, which alternatively or as here cumulatively in the region of at least one inlet opening 5 can be used, which is outside the fixing region 15. In the region of the central inlet opening 5, the inner tube 11 has an inner tube inlet 14, which is oriented essentially parallel to the associated inlet opening 5, that is to say transversely to the longitudinal direction 3. Furthermore, this inner tube inlet 14 is arranged free-standing in front of the outer tube section 13, which leads from the associated inlet opening 5 to the inner tube inlet 14. Freestanding here means that the inner tube 11 in the region of the inner tube inlet 14 at least parallel to the longitudinal direction 3 has a clearance relative to the outer tube 10, so that in this area the inner tube 11 can move with said inner tube inlet 14 in the longitudinal direction 3 relative to the outer tube 10 , At the same time this game ensures the formation of the air gap insulation 12 in this area. A particular constructive detail is seen in a preferred embodiment in that the dimensions of inner tube 11 and outer tube 10 are suitably matched to one another such that the inner tube inlet 14 parallel to the inlet opening 5 is approximately centric at the operating temperature is aligned with the inlet opening 5. At the same time, the dimensions of the inlet opening 5 and the inner tube inlet 14 can advantageously be matched to one another such that the flow resistance from the inlet opening 5 to the inner tube 11 is as low as possible, in order to avoid leakage flows into the annular gap located in the region of the inner tube inlet 14 between the outer tube 10 and inner tube 11 is formed. In the cold state, the inner tube inlet 14 is arranged eccentrically offset relative to the associated inlet opening 5 with respect to the longitudinal direction 3, as a result of which the inner tube 11 keeps the thermally induced expansion quasi constructive in this area.

Bei der hier gezeigten, bevorzugten Ausführungsform ist der sich zum Katalysator 9 hin aufweitende Einlasstrichter 8 in die Sammelleitung 2 integriert, d. h. der Einlasstrichter 8 bildet hier ebenfalls einen integralen Bestandteil des Abgaskrümmers 1. Auf diese Weise kann der strömungstechnische Übergang zwischen Sammelleitung 2 und Einlasstrichter 8 bzw. Katalysator 9 widerstandsarm realisiert werden, wobei gleichzeitig eine besonders effektive Luftspaltisolierung bis zum Katalysator 9 realisiert werden kann.In the preferred embodiment shown here, the inlet funnel 8, which widens toward the catalyst 9, is integrated into the manifold 2, ie. H. The inlet funnel 8 also forms an integral part of the exhaust manifold 1. In this way, the fluidic transition between the manifold 2 and inlet funnel 8 and catalyst 9 can be realized with little resistance, at the same time a particularly effective air gap isolation can be realized to the catalyst 9.

Das Außenrohr 10 wird üblicherweise aus zwei Halbschalen zusammengebaut, die auf geeignete Weise hitzebeständig miteinander fest verbunden sind, z. B. durch Bördelung, Löten und/oder Schweißen. Bevorzugt wird nun eine Ausführungsform, bei welcher das Innenrohr 11 einteilig ausgebildet ist, d.h. das Innenrohr 11 bildet im fertig montierten Zustand einen einzigen zusammenhängenden Körper. Dabei kann das Innenrohr 11 tatsächlich aus einem Stück hergestellt sein, z. B. mittels eines Innenhochdruckumformverfahrens oder Hydroformverfahrens. Ebenso ist es möglich, das Innenrohr 11 aus mehreren Einzelteilen, vorzugsweise aus zwei Halbschalen, zusammenzubauen, wobei die Einzelteile, also vorzugsweise die Halbschalen, fest miteinander verbunden werden, z. B. durch Bördelung, Löten und/oder Schweißen. Die einteilige Bauweise für das Innenrohr 11 ermöglicht eine besonders preiswerte Herstellung des Innenrohrs 11 und letztlich eine entsprechend preiswerte Herstellung für den Abgaskrümmer 1. Ermöglicht wird diese einteilige Bauweise des Innenrohrs 11 vor allem durch die erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene Fixierung zwischen Innenrohr 11 und Außenrohr 10, die ausschließlich in dem bezüglich der Längserstreckung des Abgaskrümmers 1 mittig angeordneten Fixierbereich 15 erfolgt. Durch die mittige Fixierung, die hier zweckmäßig im Bereich derjenigen Einlassöffnung 5 realisiert ist, die etwa in der Mitte der Längserstreckung des Abgaskrümmers 1 angeordnet ist, erfolgt die thermisch bedingte Ausdehnung in der Längsrichtung 3 nach beiden Seiten und fällt dadurch betragsmäßig relativ klein aus. Quer zur Längsrichtung 3 ist die wärmebedingte Ausdehnung vergleichsweise klein und kann unter anderem durch elastische Biegeverformung des Innenrohrs 11 aufgefangen werden.The outer tube 10 is usually assembled from two half-shells, which are fixed in a suitable manner heat-resistant together, for. B. by crimping, soldering and / or welding. Preferred is now an embodiment in which the inner tube 11 in one piece is formed, ie the inner tube 11 forms in the assembled state, a single contiguous body. In this case, the inner tube 11 may actually be made in one piece, for. B. by means of a hydroforming or hydroforming process. It is also possible to assemble the inner tube 11 of a plurality of individual parts, preferably of two half-shells, wherein the individual parts, ie preferably the half-shells, are firmly connected to one another, for. B. by crimping, soldering and / or welding. The one-piece design for the inner tube 11 allows a particularly inexpensive production of the inner tube 11 and ultimately a correspondingly inexpensive production for the exhaust manifold 1. This one-piece construction of the inner tube 11 is made possible mainly by the inventively proposed fixation between inner tube 11 and outer tube 10, exclusively in which with respect to the longitudinal extent of the exhaust manifold 1 centrally arranged fixing region 15 takes place. By the central fixation, which is expediently realized in the region of that inlet opening 5, which is arranged approximately in the middle of the longitudinal extension of the exhaust manifold 1, the thermally induced expansion takes place in the longitudinal direction 3 to both sides and thereby falls in magnitude relatively small. Transverse to the longitudinal direction 3, the heat-related expansion is comparatively small and can inter alia be absorbed by elastic bending deformation of the inner tube 11.

Diese Biegeverformungen des Innenrohrs 11 können insbesondere dadurch begünstigt werden, dass das Innenrohr vorzugsweise eine kleinere Wandstärke besitzt als das Außenrohr. Beispielsweise ist die Wandstärke des Innenrohrs 11 zumindest 50%, vorzugsweise zwischen 50% und 80% kleiner als die Wandstärke des Außenrohrs 10. Hierdurch kann sich das Innenrohr 11, insbesondere auch im Bereich der Distanzelemente 17, zum Außenrohr 10 hin ausbeulen. Beispielsweise kann die Außenschale 10 etwa 1,5 mm stark sein, während die Innenschale etwa 0,3 bis 0,5 mm dick ist. Darüber hinaus können die Innenschale 11 und die Außenschale 10 aus unterschiedlichen Materialien hergestellt sein, um die Belastbarkeit und Lebensdauer des Abgaskrümmers 1 zu optimieren.These bending deformations of the inner tube 11 can be promoted in particular in that the inner tube preferably has a smaller wall thickness than the outer tube. For example, the wall thickness of the inner tube 11 is at least 50%, preferably between 50% and 80% smaller than the wall thickness of the outer tube 10. As a result, the inner tube 11, in particular in the region of the spacer elements 17, bulge out towards the outer tube 10. For example, the outer shell 10 may be about 1.5 mm thick, while the inner shell is about 0.3 to 0.5 mm thick. In addition, the inner shell 11 and the outer shell 10 may be made of different materials in order to optimize the load capacity and life of the exhaust manifold 1.

Zur Erzielung eines bevorzugten Beulverhaltens des Innenrohrs 11 können z. B. die Distanzelemente 17 auf geeignete Weise positioniert und dimensioniert werden. Darüber hinaus können Sicken oder ähnliche strukturversteifende Maßnahmen vorgesehen werden, um das Beulverhalten gezielt zu beeinflussen.To achieve a preferred buckling behavior of the inner tube 11 z. B. the spacers 17 are positioned and dimensioned in a suitable manner. In addition, beads or similar structural reinforcing measures can be provided in order to specifically influence the buckling behavior.

Der Abgaskrümmer 1 umfasst hier außerdem eine Anschlussstelle 18, für eine Abgassonde, insbesondere eine Lambda-Sonde.The exhaust manifold 1 here also includes a connection point 18, for an exhaust gas probe, in particular a lambda probe.

In der Luftspaltisolierung 12 können bei einer anderen Ausführungsform hitzebeständige Lagermatten angeordnet sein, um die Isolierwirkung, die Positionierwirkung sowie die Halterung und Dämpfung des Innenrohrs 11 zu verbessern. Insbesondere können derartige Lagermatten auch zur Erzielung einer Spaltabdichtung eingesetzt werden. Vorzugsweise erfolgt dabei eine gezielte lokal begrenzte Anordnung bzw. Positionierung der dichtenden Lagermatten, z. B. am Randbereich des frei endenden Innenrohreinlasses 14 bei der mittleren Einlassöffnung 5 und/oder im Bereich der Sensorhalterung 18.In the air gap insulation 12 may be arranged in another embodiment, heat-resistant bearing mats to the insulating effect, the positioning effect and the Holder and damping of the inner tube 11 to improve. In particular, such bearing mats can also be used to achieve a gap seal. Preferably, a targeted local limited arrangement or positioning of the sealing bearing mats, z. B. at the edge region of the free-ending inner tube inlet 14 at the central inlet opening 5 and / or in the region of the sensor holder 18th

Claims (13)

  1. An air-gap-insulated exhaust manifold of an internal combustion engine, in particular in a motor vehicle,
    - comprising a collecting line (2) which extends in a longitudinal direction (3), an outlet opening (4) oriented in the longitudinal direction (3), multiple inlet openings (5) oriented across the longitudinal direction (3) and a flange (6) that extends in the longitudinal direction (3) and includes the inlet openings (5),
    - wherein an inside pipe (11) is arranged in an outside pipe (10), forming air-gap insulation (12),
    - wherein a gas-carrying outside pipe section (13) is provided in the area of at least one of the inlet openings (5), leading from the respective inlet opening (5) to a respective inside pipe inlet (14) at a distance from the flange (6),
    characterized in that
    - the inside pipe (11) is mounted on the outside pipe (10) only in an attachment area (15) which is arranged with respect to the longitudinal direction (3) approximately centrally between the outlet opening (4) and the inlet opening (5) which is at the greatest distance from the outlet opening (4),
    - the inside pipe (11) is arranged movably at least in the longitudinal direction (3) in relation to the outside pipe (10) outside of the attachment area (15).
  2. The exhaust manifold according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    the attachment area (15) is formed only in the area of the inlet opening (5) which is situated approximately centrally with respect to the longitudinal direction (3) between the outlet opening (4) and the inlet opening (5) at the greatest distance from the outlet opening (4).
  3. The exhaust manifold according to Claim 2,
    characterized in that
    the inside pipe (11) extends up to or into the flange (6) in the attachment area (15) and is attached there to the outside pipe (10), the outside pipe (10) being attached to the flange (6) in the attachment area (15).
  4. The exhaust manifold according to any one of Claims 1 through 3,
    characterized in that
    a gas-carrying outside pipe section (13) is provided in the area of the inlet openings (5) which are situated outside of the attachment area (15).
  5. The exhaust manifold according to any one of Claims 1 through 4,
    characterized in that
    the inside pipe (11) is movably mounted via a sliding seat (16) in the outside pipe (10) in the area of at least one inlet opening (5) which is situated outside of the attachment area (15).
  6. The exhaust manifold according to any one of Claims 1 through 5,
    characterized in that
    in the area of at least one inlet opening (5) which is outside of the attachment area (15), the inside pipe (11) has an inside pipe inlet (14) which is oriented essentially parallel to the respective inlet opening (5) and is arranged to be free-standing in front of an outside pipe section (13) which leads to the respective inlet opening (5).
  7. The exhaust manifold according to Claim 6,
    characterized in that
    the inside pipe (11) and the outside pipe (10) are mutually coordinated so that the inside pipe inlet (14) is aligned approximately centrally with the respective inlet opening (5) at the operating temperature, and in the cold state it is eccentrically offset in relation to the respective inlet opening (5) with respect to the longitudinal direction (3).
  8. The exhaust manifold according to any one of Claims 1 through 7,
    characterized in that
    the collecting line (2) develops into an inlet funnel (8) for a catalyst (9), wherein the outlet opening (4) is arranged at the outlet end of the inlet funnel (8).
  9. The exhaust manifold according to any one of Claims 1 through 8,
    characterized in that
    the inside pipe (11) is designed in one piece.
  10. The exhaust manifold according to Claim 9,
    characterized in that
    the inside pipe (11) is produced by internal highpressure forming or is assembled from two half shells.
  11. The exhaust manifold according to any one of Claims 1 through 10,
    characterized in that
    the inside pipe (11) is positioned on the outside pipe (10) by means of locally limited spacer elements (17) which are stamped on the inside pipe (11) and/or on the outside pipe (10) and which allow displacement between the inside pipe (11) and the outside pipe (10) in the longitudinal direction (3).
  12. The exhaust manifold according to any one of Claims 1 through 11,
    characterized in that
    the inside pipe (11) has a smaller wall thickness, in particular at least 50% smaller than the outside pipe (10).
  13. The exhaust manifold according to any one of Claims 1 through 12,
    characterized in that
    at least one bearing mat is provided in the air-gap insulation (12) and is limited at least locally.
EP05101601A 2004-04-29 2005-03-02 Air gap insulated exhaust manifold Active EP1591636B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102004021196A DE102004021196B4 (en) 2004-04-29 2004-04-29 Air gap insulated exhaust manifold
DE102004021196 2004-04-29

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EP1591636A1 EP1591636A1 (en) 2005-11-02
EP1591636B1 true EP1591636B1 (en) 2007-06-13

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EP05101601A Active EP1591636B1 (en) 2004-04-29 2005-03-02 Air gap insulated exhaust manifold

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US (1) US7434390B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1591636B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE364779T1 (en)
DE (2) DE102004021196B4 (en)

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DE102006041743A1 (en) * 2006-09-04 2008-03-27 Emitec Gesellschaft Für Emissionstechnologie Mbh Housing for an exhaust gas purification component for forming a joint connection with an exhaust pipe section
JP2008121570A (en) * 2006-11-13 2008-05-29 Toyota Motor Corp Exhaust manifold
DE102007062659A1 (en) * 2007-12-24 2009-06-25 J. Eberspächer GmbH & Co. KG Exhaust manifold and related manufacturing process
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JP4834041B2 (en) * 2008-08-04 2011-12-07 本田技研工業株式会社 Exhaust gas purification device
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JP2013213491A (en) * 2012-03-08 2013-10-17 Calsonic Kansei Corp Double pipe exhaust manifold
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US20050241303A1 (en) 2005-11-03
DE102004021196B4 (en) 2006-10-05
EP1591636A1 (en) 2005-11-02
ATE364779T1 (en) 2007-07-15
DE102004021196A1 (en) 2005-11-24
US7434390B2 (en) 2008-10-14
DE502005000840D1 (en) 2007-07-26

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