EP1582812B1 - Incineration grate with water-cooled fixed steps - Google Patents

Incineration grate with water-cooled fixed steps Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1582812B1
EP1582812B1 EP05290724.3A EP05290724A EP1582812B1 EP 1582812 B1 EP1582812 B1 EP 1582812B1 EP 05290724 A EP05290724 A EP 05290724A EP 1582812 B1 EP1582812 B1 EP 1582812B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wall
combustion
module
chamber
grate
Prior art date
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Not-in-force
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EP05290724.3A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1582812A1 (en
Inventor
Bernard Combaneyre
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vinci Environnement SA
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Vinci Environnement SA
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Publication of EP1582812A1 publication Critical patent/EP1582812A1/en
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Publication of EP1582812B1 publication Critical patent/EP1582812B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H3/00—Grates with hollow bars
    • F23H3/02—Grates with hollow bars internally cooled
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H2900/00—Special features of combustion grates
    • F23H2900/03021—Liquid cooled grates

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a module intended to be associated with other modules of similar geometry to form a grid for incineration furnace of household waste, a grid comprising a plurality of such modules, as well as an installation for the incineration of household waste.
  • An installation of this type includes an oven in which is provided a grid on which are placed the garbage during their combustion.
  • the garbage to be incinerated is brought into the furnace, upstream of the grid, and then progressively moved on the grid towards the downstream, the grid being inclined downwards with respect to the horizontal in the direction of progression of the garbage.
  • the grids generally consist of a plurality of modules of similar geometry placed one after the other in a vertically and horizontally offset manner, so that the grid is presented as a succession of "steps".
  • Each module comprises several elements forming on the one hand a fixed part, serving in particular to support the garbage during their combustion, and on the other hand a movable part arranged to push the garbage from the fixed part of the module considered towards the fixed part of the adjacent module immediately downstream.
  • Incineration grid modules of this type are already known.
  • the different parts of the module are each constituted by a simple metal plate, and the module is cooled by a flow of air.
  • This mode of cooling is generally satisfactory for furnaces of low to medium capacity: of the order of 2.5 to 6 tons of garbage treated per hour for example, and a PCI (lower heating value of waste) of less than 11 000 kJ / kg.
  • garbage PCI tends to increase, and can reach 15,000 kJ / kg.
  • the air cooling does not sufficiently lower the temperature of the modules, which can reach 400 to 550 ° C or more. This results in a degradation of the modules, and therefore the grid, which results in particular in a loss of the quality of combustion, mechanical strength problems, and a greatly reduced service life.
  • this type of air-cooled grate has an allowable heating value which is too limited, and does not meet the increasing requirements in terms of the capacity of the treated refuse and the quality of the combustion.
  • the different parts of the module each form a hollow compartment in which circulates a cooling liquid, for example water.
  • the hoses are positioned under the grid in an area difficult to inspect (circulating air temperature around 130 ° C, risk of falling incandescent dusts or molten metals, etc.).
  • the object of the invention is to provide a grate module for a refuse incineration furnace which has a large permissible capacity and which is provided with an efficient and low-constraining cooling system.
  • the moving part moves towards its deployed position, by pushing the refuse along the first combustion wall, to the downstream end of this first combustion wall, that is to say until the break of slope. Then, the garbage falls and slides along the second combustion wall, due to its inclination, while the movable portion moves to its retracted position.
  • the moving part is located entirely under the immediately adjacent module. upstream, and is therefore protected and less exposed to heat.
  • the invention therefore eliminates the cooling fluid delivery hoses, and all the associated disadvantages.
  • the length of the second combustion wall is between about 50% and 150% of the length of said first combustion wall, and is therefore relatively large compared to the total length of the module.
  • the stroke of the moving part is relatively small.
  • the cooling system of the module comprises a third associated wall under the first combustion wall so as to form between said first and third walls a first chamber, and a fourth associated wall under the second combustion wall, so as to form between said second and fourth walls a second chamber separate from the first chamber.
  • At least one element comprises a side wall projecting from the upper wall, the lower wall of the element being welded to the lower part of the side wall.
  • a partition wall may extend within said chamber between an inlet port and an outlet port, over substantially the entire height of the chamber and over a distance intended to guide the flow of liquid into said chamber.
  • the output port of the first chamber is connected to the input port of the first chamber, respectively the second.
  • the second combustion wall may comprise a succession of 4 to 7 steps each comprising a substantially flat portion and parallel to the first combustion wall and a substantially flat portion and perpendicular to the first combustion wall, so as to form a staircase.
  • a chamber comprises an inlet port and a coolant outlet port, the inlet port comprising a conduit opening into the chamber under and in the immediate vicinity of a portion of the first or second combustion wall to be placed substantially horizontally in the furnace.
  • the advantage of this structure is the reduction of the size of the dead zone where an air bubble conveyed via the duct may be trapped, which could lead to a loss of cooling efficiency.
  • a combustion air supply system comprising at least one air passageway passing through the first element substantially vertically and opening on the one hand by an opening in the lower wall and on the other hand part through an orifice in the upper wall, substantially horizontal, of the first element, the channel having, over its entire height, a horizontal section of dimensions greater than or equal to those of the orifice, the channel widening from the upper face from the element to the lower wall of said element at least over part of the height of the channel.
  • the channel widening downwards (continuously, in the manner of a cone for example, or discontinuously, forming degrees), its clogging by the garbage is more difficult, they can fall without staying blocked in the channel.
  • the combustion air supply system may further include at least one air passage channel passing through the second element from bottom to top, and opening through an orifice formed in a substantially vertical portion of the upper wall of said second element.
  • the orifices being formed in a vertical wall, and the pushing thrust of garbage tending to remove the garbage from these orifices, the risk of clogging is low.
  • At least one of the elements comprises at least a first projection extending from a first lateral wall of said element to the outside, and at least one second projection extending from a second lateral wall of said element towards the outside, the upper face of the second projection being offset downward with respect to the upper face of the first projection by a distance greater than the height of the first projection, so that when two substantially identical elements are associated laterally, the first projection of an element covers the second projection of the adjacent element.
  • the grid allows lateral expansion of the elements, and spares only the strictly necessary air passages.
  • the invention relates to a grid for incineration furnace of household waste comprising a plurality of modules as previously described.
  • the modules are arranged so that their first combustion wall is placed substantially horizontally in the furnace and the downstream end of the second combustion wall of a module is placed substantially in line with the upstream end of the first wall of the furnace. combustion of the adjacent module downstream, above the garbage pushing means of said adjacent module, so as to form a succession of steps.
  • a step comprises a plurality of substantially identical modules associated laterally with each other.
  • the second chambers of the modules of a step of the gate are connected in series by their input and output ports, at least in part, the first chambers of the modules of a step of the gate are connected in series by their input and output ports, at least in part, the output port of the second chamber of a given module being connected to the input port of the first chamber of said module.
  • the invention relates to an installation for the incineration of household waste, comprising at least one oven in which is provided such a grid, means for bringing household waste into the furnace, upstream of the grate, means for collecting residues from the incineration, downstream of the gate, and means for conveying a coolant of the modules of the grid.
  • FIG. 1 represents a facility for the incineration of household waste.
  • the installation comprises an oven 1 in which the refuse to be incinerated is fed, upstream, via supply means such as a loading hopper 2.
  • the installation comprises means for collecting the residues of the incineration, downstream, as well as means of evacuation of the effluents - in particular gases - of combustion.
  • the oven comprises a grid 3 generally inclined downwardly relative to the horizontal, from upstream to downstream of the furnace 1.
  • the garbage, brought to the grid 3 upstream, are gradually incinerated and moved on the grid 3 downstream.
  • the oven 1 also comprises several air distribution hoppers 4 located under the grill 3, and intended to provide the air necessary for the combustion of garbage. Means for conveying a cooling liquid to and from the grid 3 are also provided.
  • the grid may have a length of 8 to 10 m, depending on its capacity, and a width of 3 to 6 m approximately.
  • the grid 3 comprises a plurality of modules 5 associated with each other in a vertically and horizontally offset manner, so that the grid 3 is in the form of a succession of "steps".
  • a step itself comprises several substantially identical modules associated laterally with each other (see figure 12 ).
  • the number of steps can vary from 6 to 9, depending on the capacity of the oven 1.
  • direction D1 corresponding to the direction of progression of the garbage
  • substantially vertical direction D3 a direction corresponding to the direction of progression of the garbage
  • direction D2 orthogonal to D1 and D2.
  • the terms “length”, “upstream”, “downstream” will be used with reference to direction D1
  • the terms “width”, “transverse”, “lateral” will be used with reference to direction D2
  • the term “height” will be used with reference to Directorate D3.
  • the grid 3 is composed of three different types of modules: the module or modules located furthest upstream, the module or modules located furthest downstream, and the modules located in the middle. We will look after the modules located in the middle of grid 3.
  • a module 5 is now described with reference to Figures 2 to 11 .
  • the module 5 comprises a fixed part, serving in particular to support the garbage during their combustion, and a movable part arranged to push the garbage of the fixed part of the module in question towards the fixed part of the adjacent module located immediately downstream.
  • the fixed part comprises a first element 6, substantially parallelepipedal, comprising an upper wall 7, a lower wall 8, an upstream wall 9, a downstream wall 10, a left side wall 11 and a right side wall 12.
  • the first element 6 is placed in the oven 1 so that its upper wall 7 is substantially horizontal, and its side walls 11, 12 are substantially parallel to the direction D1.
  • the width of the first element is of the order of 25 cm, its length of the order of 50 cm, and its thickness close to 5 cm.
  • a partition wall 13 extending parallel to D1 from the downstream wall 10 to the upstream wall 9, a distance of the order of three quarters of the length of the first element 6, substantially at a distance from the side walls 11, 12.
  • the plates 15a, 15b are spaced apart by a distance of the order of 1 cm.
  • the upper wall 7 comprises two oblong orifices 16, of a length close to 6 cm, opening into the space between the plates 15a, 15b.
  • the width of the orifices 16 is of the order of 6 mm at the upper face 17 of the upper wall 7, the width of the channel 60 increasing progressively as one moves downwards, the inner face of the orifice joining the inner face 18a, 18b of the plates 15a, 15b ( figure 5 ).
  • the first element 6 comprises a first projection 19 extending from the right lateral wall 12 towards the outside, substantially in extension of the upper wall 7, over the entire length of said first element 6.
  • the first projection 19 has a substantially rectangular cross section.
  • the width of the first projection 19 is of the order of 1.5 cm.
  • the height of the first projection, between its upper face located substantially in the same plane as the upper face 17 of the upper wall 7 of the first element 6, and its lower face 20 is of the order of 1 cm.
  • a second projection 21 extends from the left side wall 11 outwards, but is not continuous over the entire length of the first element 6. From the upstream wall 9 to the downstream wall 10, one successively encounters: a first portion 21a of the second projection 21, of length close to 30% of the total length of the first element 6, an interruption of the second projection 21 (about 15% of the total length of the first element 6), a second portion 21b of the second projection 21 (approximately 10% of the total length of the first element 6), an interruption of the second projection 21 (approximately 15% of the total length of the first element 6), a third portion 21c of the second projection 21 ( about 25% of the total length of the first element 6), and an interruption of the second projection 21.
  • the second projection 21 has a substantially rectangular cross section, a height of about 1 cm and a width of about 1.5 cm.
  • the second projection 21 is offset downward with respect to the first projection 19, so that the upper face 22 of the second projection 21 is located substantially in the same plane as the lower face 20 of the first projection 18.
  • the walls 7, 9 to 14, 15a, 15b and the projections 19, 21 are made of a single piece of steel by molding.
  • the bottom wall 8 is a sheet metal plate having the general shape of a U, welded in the lower part of the first element 6, to the upstream and downstream walls 9 and 10, as well as, on the one hand, between the left lateral wall 11 and the plate 15a and, secondly, between the right side wall 12 and the plate 15b.
  • a first U-shaped chamber 23 is formed between the bottom wall 8 and the upper side walls 7, 11, 12 and upstream side 9, downstream 10.
  • the channel formed between the plates 15a and 15b is devoid of bottom. (see figure 5 ).
  • the bottom wall 8 has an inlet orifice 24 and an outlet orifice 25 located on either side of the plate 14.
  • a conduit 26 is welded in each of these orifices 24, 25 so as to form a port of inlet and outlet port to and from the first chamber 23.
  • the conduit 26 opens into the first chamber 23 under and in the immediate vicinity of the upper wall 7, at a distance of less than 1 cm, for example at 8 mm.
  • the fixed part also comprises a second element 27 comprising an upper wall 28, a lower wall 29, an upstream wall 30 and a downstream wall 31 substantially parallel to D2, a left lateral wall 32 and a right lateral wall 33 substantially parallel to D1.
  • the width of the second element is of the order of 25 cm, its length of the order of 50 cm, and its height of 30 cm.
  • the upper wall 28 of the second element 27 comprises a succession of 5 steps each comprising a portion 28a substantially flat and parallel to the upper wall 7 of the first element 6 and a portion 28b substantially flat and perpendicular to the upper wall 7 of the first element 6.
  • the upper wall 28 thus has the general shape of a staircase, generally inclined at an angle ⁇ of the order of 23 °.
  • the partition wall is formed of two plates 34a, 34b spaced apart from each other by a distance of 1 cm and associated with their upstream end.
  • Each of the substantially vertical portions 28b of the upper wall 28 has an orifice 35 extending over substantially the entire height of said portion 28b, of width corresponding to the spacing between the plates 34a, 34b, and opening into the space included between said plates 34a, 34b ( figure 9 ).
  • the second element 27 comprises a series of first projections 36 each extending from the right lateral wall 33 towards the outside, substantially in extension of a substantially horizontal portion 28a of the upper wall 28, from the downstream end of said portion. 28a towards and slightly beyond the upstream end of said portion 28a.
  • Each of the first projections 36 has a substantially rectangular cross section and a width of the order of 1.5 cm.
  • the height of a first projection 36, between its upper face, located substantially in the same plane as the upper face 37 of the portion 28a considered, and its lower face 38, is of the order of 1 cm.
  • the second member 27 further includes a series of second projections 39 each extending from the left side wall 32 outwardly.
  • Each of the second projections 39 has a substantially rectangular cross section, a height of about 1 cm and a width of about 1.5 cm.
  • Each of the second projections 39 extends parallel to a substantially horizontal portion 28a of the upper wall 28, not in extension thereof, but in a downwardly offset manner, so that the upper face 40 of the second projection 39 is located substantially in the same plane as the lower face 38 of the first projection 36.
  • each of the second projections 39 extends from the downstream end of said portion 28a to and slightly beyond the upstream end of said portion 28a.
  • the second element 27 thus has a left horizontal protrusion 39 and a straight projection 36 at each of its steps, and is devoid of any vertical projection (parallel to the vertical portion 28b of each step).
  • the vertical portion 28b of the lower step has a straight vertical projection 36 discontinuous extending outwardly substantially in extension of the vertical portion 28b, and a discontinuous vertical left projection 39 extending outwardly, being offset upstream, so that the upstream face 41 of the right projection 36 is located substantially in the same plane as the downstream face 42 of the left projection 39.
  • the lower wall 29 of the second element 27 has, in longitudinal section, a shape similar to that of the upper wall (succession of horizontal portions 29a and vertical portions 29b forming the steps of a staircase).
  • the bottom wall 29 has the general shape of a U extending between the upstream and downstream walls 31 and, on the one hand, between the left lateral wall 32 and the plate 34a and, on the other hand, between the right side wall 33 and the plate 34b.
  • the channel formed between the plates 34a, 34b is devoid of bottom (see figure 8 ).
  • a second U-shaped chamber 43 is thus formed between the lower wall 29 and the upper, lateral, 32, 33 and upstream 30, downstream walls 31.
  • the bottom wall 29 comprises a central zone 44 extending over the entire width of the second element 27, as well as an upstream zone 45 and a downstream zone 46 extending, over the entire width of the second element 27, from an end of the central zone towards, respectively, the upstream wall 30 and the downstream wall 31.
  • the walls 28, 30 to 33, 34a, 34b, the central zone 44, as well as the projections 36, 39 are made of a single piece of steel by molding, with the aid of a core.
  • the upstream zones 45 and downstream 46 are sheet metal plates welded in the lower part of the second element 27, between the central zone 44, the side walls 32, 33 and the upstream wall 30, respectively downstream 31.
  • the upstream zone 45 of the lower wall 29 of the second element 27 has an inlet orifice 47 and an outlet orifice 48 located on either side of the plates 34a, 34b, in a horizontal portion of said bottom wall 29.
  • a conduit 26 is welded in each of these orifices 47, 48 so as to form an inlet port and an outlet port to and from the second chamber 43.
  • the conduit 26 opens into the second chamber 43 under and at immediate vicinity of the horizontal portion 28a of the upper wall 28 located upstream, at a distance of less than 1 cm, for example 8 mm.
  • the air bubble created at the outlet of the conduit 26 is of reduced dimensions.
  • it is located in the upper part of the second element 27, that is to say in its least hot part, which limits the problems related to bad cooling.
  • the movable portion 51 comprises a substantially rectangular upper wall 52, from which project downwardly an upstream wall 53, a downstream wall 54 inclined with respect to the horizontal by an angle ⁇ of between approximately 60 and 80 °, and side walls.
  • the movable portion 51 is placed in the furnace 1 so that its upper wall 52 is substantially horizontal, and its side walls substantially parallel to D1 and in the same planes as the side walls 11, 12 of the first element 6.
  • the lower face of the movable part 51 cooperates with the upper face 17 of the upper wall 7 of the first element 6.
  • the width of the movable portion 51 is of the order of 25 cm, its length of the order of 60 cm, and its thickness of 10 cm.
  • a movement cycle is broken down as follows: the movable portion 51 is in the retracted position for at least 100 seconds, and moves to its deployed position, and then from its extended position to its retracted position for about 10 seconds.
  • the movable portion 51 of the module 5 does not form an inner chamber, and is devoid of liquid cooling system, this part being simply cooled by a flow of air.
  • Two adjacent modules 5 are arranged so that, on the one hand, the downstream wall 31 of the second element 27 of the upper module 5 is placed substantially right - or slightly offset downstream - of the upstream wall 9 of the first element 6 of the lower module 5 and, on the other hand, the second element 27 of the upper module 5 is situated above the moving part 51 of the lower module 5.
  • the clearance j1 between the lower face of the second element 27 of the upper module 5 and the upper face 56 is of the order of 6 mm.
  • the first elements 6 are placed so that the upper faces 17 of their upper walls 7 are located substantially in the same plane.
  • the first projection 19 of an element 6 then cooperates with the second projection 21 of the adjacent element 6, since the lower face 20 of a first projection 19 is located substantially in the same plane as the upper face 22 of a second projection 21.
  • a protrusion may rest on the adjacent projection. Alternatively, there may be a very small vertical clearance between these two projections.
  • the skin temperature of the first element 6 is of the order of 80 to 85 ° C, the expansion of each of the first elements 6 being limited to about 0.3 mm due to the cooling efficiency.
  • the skin temperature can reach 500 ° C and the expansion 1.7 mm by first element 6.
  • the value of j2 makes it possible to face this situation.
  • a plurality of openings 57 are formed between the left-hand side wall 11 of a first element 6 and the free end of the first projection 19 of the first adjacent element 6 (shown in FIG. in phantom), these openings thus allowing the passage of air.
  • first elements 6 located at the lateral ends of a step may have different lateral shapes (absence of projections for example).
  • the lateral association of the second elements 27 is performed according to the same principle, by cooperation of the first and second projections 36, 39 with a lateral play of expansion. Again there is provided an air passage between two adjacent second elements 27, perpendicular to each of the vertical portions 28b of the upper wall 28, between two projections 36, 39 consecutive (see the arrows on the figure 11 ).
  • Garbage, brought upstream of the gate 3, are after a certain time disposed on the upper wall 7 of the first element 6 of the module 5 located upstream, the corresponding movable portion 51 being in the retracted position. After a defined period of time, the movable portion 51 is moved to its deployed position, thereby pushing the garbage downstream.
  • the quality of the combustion depends, among other things, on the quantity of air injected. This quantity varies according to the quantity of garbage incinerated, the PCI, and the zone of the oven 1: the oxygen requirement is average in the areas where essentially a drying of the waste (evaporation of the water contained), important in the areas of active combustion, and low in the end-of-combustion zones (allowing a minimum unburnt rate).
  • the air distribution system must therefore adapt to different situations.
  • the surface of the air passages to be provided is of the order of 40 cm 2 per module 5 (in the embodiment shown, and without taking into account the passages between adjacent modules laterally ).
  • the distribution can be as follows: about 50% of the area provided in the second element 27, about 25% of the area provided in the first element 6, and about 25% of the area obtained via the game j1.
  • the modules 5 are cooled on the one hand by air circulation (moving parts 51) and on the other hand by circulation of a coolant in the first and second chambers 23, 43.
  • the coolant may be water - or any suitable liquid - at a pressure of 2 to 10 bar, and especially 4 to 6 bar (to overcome network pressure drops and avoid spraying), and a flow from 1.5 to 5 m 3 / h per m 2 of grid, in particular 3 m 3 / h per m 2 of grid.
  • the water entering the module is at a temperature between 60 and 90 ° C, for example about 80 ° C.
  • the water supply of the modules is as follows: the water is brought in the middle of the step and the circulation is made by half step. On a half-step considered, the water is brought to the inlet of a second element 27 situated substantially in the center of the step and then passes successively in all the second elements 27 of the same half-step, to the exit of the second element 27 of the module 5 located at the lateral end of the step. The water is then brought into the inlet of the first element 6 of said module 5 and passes successively in all the first elements 6 of the same half-step, until the output of the first element 6 located substantially in the center of the step. The water is then evacuated.
  • the circulation and the flow rate of the coolant are chosen to allow the entrainment of the trapped air bubble at the outlet of the inlet ducts 26 in the chambers 23, 43.
  • One of the advantages of the invention lies in the possibility of replacing only part of the modules of a grid in service by modules as described above, without the need to change the entire grid, which is very advantageous. for the operator.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)

Description

L'invention concerne un module destiné à être associé à d'autres modules de géométrie analogue pour former une grille pour four d'incinération des ordures ménagères, une grille comprenant une pluralité de tels modules, ainsi qu'une installation pour l'incinération des ordures ménagères.The invention relates to a module intended to be associated with other modules of similar geometry to form a grid for incineration furnace of household waste, a grid comprising a plurality of such modules, as well as an installation for the incineration of household waste.

Une installation de ce type comprend un four dans lequel est prévue une grille sur laquelle sont placées les ordures lors de leur combustion.An installation of this type includes an oven in which is provided a grid on which are placed the garbage during their combustion.

Les ordures à incinérer sont amenées dans le four, en amont de la grille, puis progressivement déplacées sur la grille vers l'aval, la grille étant inclinée vers le bas par rapport à l'horizontale dans le sens de progression des ordures.The garbage to be incinerated is brought into the furnace, upstream of the grid, and then progressively moved on the grid towards the downstream, the grid being inclined downwards with respect to the horizontal in the direction of progression of the garbage.

Les grilles sont généralement constituées d'une pluralité de modules de géométrie analogue placés les uns à la suite des autres de façon décalée verticalement et horizontalement, de sorte que la grille se présente comme une succession de « gradins ». Chaque module comprend plusieurs éléments formant d'une part une partie fixe, servant notamment de support aux ordures lors de leur combustion, et d'autre part une partie mobile agencée pour pousser les ordures depuis la partie fixe du module considéré vers la partie fixe du module adjacent situé immédiatement en aval.The grids generally consist of a plurality of modules of similar geometry placed one after the other in a vertically and horizontally offset manner, so that the grid is presented as a succession of "steps". Each module comprises several elements forming on the one hand a fixed part, serving in particular to support the garbage during their combustion, and on the other hand a movable part arranged to push the garbage from the fixed part of the module considered towards the fixed part of the adjacent module immediately downstream.

On connaît déjà des modules de grilles d'incinération de ce type.Incineration grid modules of this type are already known.

Voir par exemple le document FR 2 019 852 . Selon une première réalisation possible, les différentes parties du module sont chacune constituées d'une simple plaque métallique, et le module est refroidi par une circulation d'air.See for example the document FR 2 019 852 . According to a first possible embodiment, the different parts of the module are each constituted by a simple metal plate, and the module is cooled by a flow of air.

Ce mode de refroidissement donne généralement satisfaction pour des fours de capacité faible à moyenne : de l'ordre de 2,5 à 6 tonnes d'ordures traitées par heure par exemple, et un PCI (pouvoir calorifique inférieur des déchets) inférieur à 11 000 kJ/kg.This mode of cooling is generally satisfactory for furnaces of low to medium capacity: of the order of 2.5 to 6 tons of garbage treated per hour for example, and a PCI (lower heating value of waste) of less than 11 000 kJ / kg.

Toutefois, le PCI des ordures tend à augmenter, et peut atteindre 15 000 kJ/kg.However, garbage PCI tends to increase, and can reach 15,000 kJ / kg.

Dans ces conditions, le refroidissement à l'air ne permet pas d'abaisser suffisamment la température des modules, celle-ci pouvant atteindre 400 à 550°C, voire plus. Il en découle une dégradation des modules, et donc de la grille, ce qui se traduit notamment par une perte de la qualité de la combustion, des problèmes de tenue mécanique, et une durée de vie fortement diminuée. Afin de pallier ce problème, il est possible de limiter la capacité des fours. Toutefois, ceci n'est généralement pas souhaité. Au contraire, on souhaite de plus en plus augmenter la capacité des fours, jusqu'à 10 t/h, voire 12 t/h.Under these conditions, the air cooling does not sufficiently lower the temperature of the modules, which can reach 400 to 550 ° C or more. This results in a degradation of the modules, and therefore the grid, which results in particular in a loss of the quality of combustion, mechanical strength problems, and a greatly reduced service life. To overcome this problem, it is possible to limit the capacity of the ovens. However, this is not usually desired. On the contrary, it is desired to increase the capacity of the furnaces, up to 10 t / h or even 12 t / h.

Ainsi, ce type de grille refroidie à l'air possède un pouvoir calorifique admissible trop limité, et ne permet pas de répondre aux exigences croissantes en termes de capacité d'ordures traitées et de qualité de la combustion.Thus, this type of air-cooled grate has an allowable heating value which is too limited, and does not meet the increasing requirements in terms of the capacity of the treated refuse and the quality of the combustion.

Selon une deuxième réalisation connue possible, les différentes parties du module forment chacune un compartiment creux dans lequel circule un liquide de refroidissement, par exemple de l'eau.According to a second possible known embodiment, the different parts of the module each form a hollow compartment in which circulates a cooling liquid, for example water.

Voir par exemple le document US 5 673 636 . De ce fait, le refroidissement d'un module de la grille est plus efficace que le refroidissement à l'air prévu dans le premier mode de réalisation connu. La capacité admissible par le four muni de cette grille est donc plus importante. Toutefois, le refroidissement du module par circulation de liquide pose un certain nombre de problèmes, en particulier en ce qui concerne la partie mobile.See for example the document US 5,673,636 . As a result, the cooling of a module of the grid is more efficient than the air cooling provided in the first known embodiment. The capacity admissible by the furnace provided with this grid is therefore greater. However, the cooling of the module by liquid circulation poses a certain number of problems, in particular as regards the mobile part.

En effet, l'acheminement du liquide de refroidissement vers et depuis cette partie nécessite l'emploi de tuyaux flexibles et non fixes, compte tenu de sa mobilité. Le mouvement de déplacement alternatif de cette partie conduit à une fatigue des flexibles pouvant engendrer des brèches, voire la rupture des flexibles.Indeed, the routing of the coolant to and from this part requires the use of flexible hoses and not fixed, given its mobility. The reciprocating movement of this part leads to fatigue of the hoses that can cause gaps or even rupture of the hoses.

Il y a donc lieu de surveiller l'état des flexibles et, le cas échéant, de remplacer les flexibles défectueux, ce qui nécessite l'arrêt temporaire du four et s'avère extrêmement contraignant et coûteux. Or, les flexibles sont positionnés sous la grille dans une zone difficile à inspecter (température de l'air circulant de 130°C environ, risque de chutes de poussières incandescentes ou de métaux en fusion, etc.).It is therefore necessary to monitor the condition of the hoses and, if necessary, replace the defective hoses, which requires the temporary shutdown of the furnace and is extremely restrictive and expensive. However, the hoses are positioned under the grid in an area difficult to inspect (circulating air temperature around 130 ° C, risk of falling incandescent dusts or molten metals, etc.).

Dans un cas extrême, l'apparition de fissures non détectées dans un flexible peut générer des fuites du liquide de refroidissement, la partie mobile du module n'étant alors plus suffisamment refroidie et pouvant subir des dégradation irréversibles. Outre les conséquences financières que cela implique (arrêt de l'installation, remplacement des modules endommagés), il existe des risques non négligeables pour les opérateurs travaillant à proximité du four.In an extreme case, the appearance of undetected cracks in a hose can generate leaks of the coolant, the moving part of the module then no longer sufficiently cooled and can undergo irreversible degradation. In addition to the financial consequences that this implies (shutdown of the installation, replacement of damaged modules), there are significant risks for operators working near the furnace.

L'invention a pour but de fournir un module de grille pour four d'incinération des ordures qui possède une capacité admissible importante et qui soit pourvu d'un système de refroidissement efficace et peu contraignant.The object of the invention is to provide a grate module for a refuse incineration furnace which has a large permissible capacity and which is provided with an efficient and low-constraining cooling system.

A cet effet, et selon un premier aspect, l'invention concerne un module destiné à être associé à d'autres modules de géométrie analogue pour former une grille pour four d'incinération des ordures ménagères, ledit module comprenant :

  • un premier élément comprenant une première paroi de combustion des ordures, sensiblement plane ;
  • un deuxième élément comprenant une deuxième paroi de combustion des ordures s'étendant à partir de l'extrémité aval de la première paroi de combustion en étant globalement inclinée par rapport à ladite première paroi de combustion d'un angle α compris entre 15 et 45° ;
  • un moyen de poussée des ordures, mobile en translation par cycles le long de la face supérieure de la première paroi, entre une position rétractée, dans laquelle l'extrémité aval du moyen de poussée est située au voisinage de l'extrémité amont de la première paroi de combustion, et une position déployée, dans laquelle l'extrémité aval du moyen de poussée est située au voisinage de l'extrémité aval de la première paroi de combustion, ledit moyen de poussée étant en position rétractée pendant au moins 70 % de la durée d'un cycle ;
    ledit moyen de poussée étant agencé pour être refroidi par une circulation d'air et dépourvu de système de refroidissement par un liquide.
  • un système de refroidissement du module, ledit système de refroidissement étant formé d'au moins une paroi qui est associée sous les première et deuxième parois de combustion de sorte à former entre ladite paroi et lesdites première et deuxième parois de combustion au moins une chambre dans laquelle un liquide de refroidissement est apte à circuler.
For this purpose, and according to a first aspect, the invention relates to a module intended to be associated with other modules of similar geometry to form a grid for incineration furnace of household waste, said module comprising:
  • a first element comprising a first substantially flat waste combustion wall;
  • a second element comprising a second combustion wall of the refuse extending from the downstream end of the first combustion wall being generally inclined with respect to said first combustion wall of an angle α of between 15 and 45 ° ;
  • a means of thrusting the refuse, movable in translation in cycles along the upper face of the first wall, between a retracted position, in which the downstream end of the thrust means is situated in the vicinity of the upstream end of the first combustion wall, and an extended position, wherein the downstream end of the thrust means is located in the vicinity of the downstream end of the first combustion wall, said thrust means being in the retracted position for at least 70% of the duration of a cycle;
    said thrust means being arranged to be cooled by a circulation of air and without a cooling system by a liquid.
  • a cooling system of the module, said cooling system being formed of at least one wall which is associated under the first and second combustion wall so as to form between said wall and said first and second combustion walls at least one chamber in which a coolant is able to circulate.

Ainsi, au cours d'un cycle de déplacement, la partie mobile se déplace vers sa position déployée, en poussant les ordures le long de la première paroi de combustion, jusqu'à l'extrémité aval de cette première paroi de combustion, c'est-à-dire jusqu'à la rupture de pente. Ensuite, les ordures tombent et glissent le long de la deuxième paroi de combustion, du fait de son inclinaison, tandis que la partie mobile se déplace vers sa position rétractée.Thus, during a displacement cycle, the moving part moves towards its deployed position, by pushing the refuse along the first combustion wall, to the downstream end of this first combustion wall, that is to say until the break of slope. Then, the garbage falls and slides along the second combustion wall, due to its inclination, while the movable portion moves to its retracted position.

Pendant la majeure partie de son cycle de déplacement (plus de 70 % de la durée d'un cycle, voire plus de 80 %, voire même plus de 90 %), la partie mobile est située, en totalité sous le module adjacent situé immédiatement en amont, et est de ce fait protégée et moins exposée à la chaleur.During most of its travel cycle (more than 70% of the cycle time, or even more than 80%, or even more than 90%), the moving part is located entirely under the immediately adjacent module. upstream, and is therefore protected and less exposed to heat.

En conséquence, grâce à cette conception particulière du module, il n'est pas nécessaire de prévoir un système de refroidissement spécifique de la partie mobile par un liquide, un refroidissement à l'air étant suffisant, et ce même pour des PCI de 15 000 kJ/kg.Consequently, thanks to this particular design of the module, it is not necessary to provide a specific cooling system of the mobile part by a liquid, air cooling being sufficient, even for PCIs of 15,000 kJ / kg.

L'invention permet donc de s'affranchir des flexibles d'acheminement du liquide de refroidissement, et de tous les inconvénients associés.The invention therefore eliminates the cooling fluid delivery hoses, and all the associated disadvantages.

Par exemple, la longueur de la deuxième paroi de combustion est comprise entre environ 50 % et 150 % de la longueur de ladite première paroi de combustion, et est donc relativement importante par rapport à la longueur totale du module. De ce fait, la course de la partie mobile est relativement faible. Après une poussée initiale, les ordures tombent et se retournent naturellement le long de la deuxième paroi de combustion, et le moyen de poussée peut donc revenir à sa position rétractée.For example, the length of the second combustion wall is between about 50% and 150% of the length of said first combustion wall, and is therefore relatively large compared to the total length of the module. As a result, the stroke of the moving part is relatively small. After an initial push, the garbage falls and turns naturally along the second combustion wall, and the thrust means can return to its retracted position.

Selon une réalisation possible, le système de refroidissement du module comprend une troisième paroi associée sous la première paroi de combustion de sorte à former entre lesdites première et troisième parois une première chambre, et une quatrième paroi associée sous la deuxième paroi de combustion, de sorte à former entre lesdites deuxième et quatrième parois une deuxième chambre distincte de la première chambre.According to one possible embodiment, the cooling system of the module comprises a third associated wall under the first combustion wall so as to form between said first and third walls a first chamber, and a fourth associated wall under the second combustion wall, so as to form between said second and fourth walls a second chamber separate from the first chamber.

Par exemple, au moins un élément comprend une paroi latérale faisant saillie de la paroi supérieure, la paroi inférieure de l'élément étant soudée à la partie inférieure de la paroi latérale.For example, at least one element comprises a side wall projecting from the upper wall, the lower wall of the element being welded to the lower part of the side wall.

Une paroi de séparation peut s'étendre à l'intérieur de ladite chambre entre un port d'entrée et un port de sortie, sur sensiblement toute la hauteur de la chambre et sur une distance prévue pour guider la circulation du liquide dans ladite chambre.A partition wall may extend within said chamber between an inlet port and an outlet port, over substantially the entire height of the chamber and over a distance intended to guide the flow of liquid into said chamber.

Par exemple, le port de sortie de la première chambre, respectivement le deuxième, est relié au port d'entrée de la première chambre, respectivement la deuxième.For example, the output port of the first chamber, respectively the second, is connected to the input port of the first chamber, respectively the second.

La deuxième paroi de combustion peut comprendre une succession de 4 à 7 marches comprenant chacune une portion sensiblement plane et parallèle à la première paroi de combustion et une portion sensiblement plane et perpendiculaire à la première paroi de combustion, de sorte à former un escalier.The second combustion wall may comprise a succession of 4 to 7 steps each comprising a substantially flat portion and parallel to the first combustion wall and a substantially flat portion and perpendicular to the first combustion wall, so as to form a staircase.

Selon une autre caractéristique, une chambre comprend un port d'entrée et un port de sortie du liquide de refroidissement, le port d'entrée comprenant un conduit débouchant à l'intérieur de la chambre sous et au voisinage immédiat d'une portion de la première ou de la deuxième paroi de combustion destinée à être placée sensiblement horizontalement dans le four.According to another characteristic, a chamber comprises an inlet port and a coolant outlet port, the inlet port comprising a conduit opening into the chamber under and in the immediate vicinity of a portion of the first or second combustion wall to be placed substantially horizontally in the furnace.

L'avantage découlant de cette structure est la réduction des dimensions de la zone morte où une bulle d'air acheminée via le conduit risque d'être piégée, ce qui pourrait entraîner une perte de l'efficacité du refroidissement.The advantage of this structure is the reduction of the size of the dead zone where an air bubble conveyed via the duct may be trapped, which could lead to a loss of cooling efficiency.

Un système d'amenée d'air de combustion peut être prévu, ce système comportant au moins un canal de passage d'air traversant le premier élément sensiblement verticalement et débouchant d'une part par une ouverture ménagée dans la paroi inférieure et d'autre part par un orifice ménagé dans la paroi supérieure, sensiblement horizontale, du premier élément, le canal présentant, sur toute sa hauteur, une section horizontale de dimensions supérieures ou égales à celles de l'orifice, le canal s'élargissant depuis la face supérieure de l'élément vers la paroi inférieure dudit élément au moins sur une partie de la hauteur du canal.A combustion air supply system may be provided, this system comprising at least one air passageway passing through the first element substantially vertically and opening on the one hand by an opening in the lower wall and on the other hand part through an orifice in the upper wall, substantially horizontal, of the first element, the channel having, over its entire height, a horizontal section of dimensions greater than or equal to those of the orifice, the channel widening from the upper face from the element to the lower wall of said element at least over part of the height of the channel.

Le canal s'élargissant vers le bas (de façon continue, à la manière d'un cône par exemple, ou de façon discontinue, en formant des degrés), son bouchage par les ordures est plus difficile, celles-ci pouvant tomber sans rester bloquées dans le canal.The channel widening downwards (continuously, in the manner of a cone for example, or discontinuously, forming degrees), its clogging by the garbage is more difficult, they can fall without staying blocked in the channel.

Le système d'amenée d'air de combustion peut en outre comporter au moins un canal de passage d'air traversant le deuxième élément de bas en haut, et débouchant par un orifice ménagé dans une portion sensiblement verticale de la paroi supérieure dudit deuxième élément.The combustion air supply system may further include at least one air passage channel passing through the second element from bottom to top, and opening through an orifice formed in a substantially vertical portion of the upper wall of said second element. .

Les orifices étant pratiqués dans une paroi verticale, et le mouvement de poussée des ordures tendant à éloigner les ordures de ces orifices, le risque de bouchage est faible.The orifices being formed in a vertical wall, and the pushing thrust of garbage tending to remove the garbage from these orifices, the risk of clogging is low.

Selon une réalisation possible, au moins l'un des éléments comprend au moins une première saillie s'étendant depuis une première paroi latérale dudit élément vers l'extérieur, et au moins une deuxième saillie s'étendant depuis une deuxième paroi latérale dudit élément vers l'extérieur, la face supérieure de la deuxième saillie étant décalée vers le bas par rapport à la face supérieure de la première saillie d'une distance supérieure à la hauteur de la première saillie, de sorte que, lorsque deux éléments sensiblement identiques sont associés latéralement, la première saillie d'un élément recouvre la deuxième saillie de l'élément adjacent.According to one possible embodiment, at least one of the elements comprises at least a first projection extending from a first lateral wall of said element to the outside, and at least one second projection extending from a second lateral wall of said element towards the outside, the upper face of the second projection being offset downward with respect to the upper face of the first projection by a distance greater than the height of the first projection, so that when two substantially identical elements are associated laterally, the first projection of an element covers the second projection of the adjacent element.

De ce fait, la grille permet la dilatation latérale des éléments, et ne ménage que les passages d'air strictement nécessaires.As a result, the grid allows lateral expansion of the elements, and spares only the strictly necessary air passages.

Selon un deuxième aspect, l'invention concerne une grille pour four d'incinération des ordures ménagères comprenant une pluralité de modules tels que précédemment décrits. Les modules sont disposés de sorte que leur première paroi de combustion soit placée sensiblement horizontalement dans le four et que l'extrémité aval de la deuxième paroi de combustion d'un module soit placée sensiblement au droit de l'extrémité amont de la première paroi de combustion du module adjacent situé en aval, au-dessus du moyen de poussée des ordures dudit module adjacent, de sorte à former une succession de gradins.According to a second aspect, the invention relates to a grid for incineration furnace of household waste comprising a plurality of modules as previously described. The modules are arranged so that their first combustion wall is placed substantially horizontally in the furnace and the downstream end of the second combustion wall of a module is placed substantially in line with the upstream end of the first wall of the furnace. combustion of the adjacent module downstream, above the garbage pushing means of said adjacent module, so as to form a succession of steps.

Selon une réalisation possible, un gradin comprend une pluralité de modules sensiblement identiques associés latéralement les uns aux autres.According to one possible embodiment, a step comprises a plurality of substantially identical modules associated laterally with each other.

Par exemple, les deuxièmes chambres des modules d'un gradin de la grille sont reliées en série par leurs ports d'entrée et de sortie, au moins pour partie, les premières chambres des modules d'un gradin de la grille sont reliées en série par leurs ports d'entrée et de sortie, au moins pour partie, le port de sortie de la deuxième chambre d'un module donné étant relié au port d'entrée de la première chambre dudit module.For example, the second chambers of the modules of a step of the gate are connected in series by their input and output ports, at least in part, the first chambers of the modules of a step of the gate are connected in series by their input and output ports, at least in part, the output port of the second chamber of a given module being connected to the input port of the first chamber of said module.

Enfin, selon un troisième aspect, l'invention concerne une installation pour l'incinération des ordures ménagères, comportant au moins un four dans lequel est prévue une telle grille, des moyens d'amenée des ordures ménagères dans le four, en amont de la grille, des moyens de collecte des résidus de l'incinération, en aval de la grille, et des moyens d'acheminement d'un liquide de refroidissement des modules de la grille.Finally, according to a third aspect, the invention relates to an installation for the incineration of household waste, comprising at least one oven in which is provided such a grid, means for bringing household waste into the furnace, upstream of the grate, means for collecting residues from the incineration, downstream of the gate, and means for conveying a coolant of the modules of the grid.

Les autres caractéristiques de l'invention résultent de la description qui suit d'un mode de réalisation, description effectuée en référence aux figures annexées dans lesquelles :

  • la figure 1 est une vue partielle d'une installation pour l'incinération des ordures ménagères comprenant une grille selon l'invention ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue agrandie d'un module de la grille de la figure 1 ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue de dessus d'un premier élément du module de la figure 2 ;
  • les figures 4 et 5 sont des vues en coupe du premier élément de la figure 3, selon la ligne AA et la ligne BB, respectivement ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue de dessus d'un deuxième élément du module de la figure 2 ;
  • les figures 7, 8 et 9 sont des vues en coupe du deuxième élément de la figure 6, selon la ligne CC, la ligne DD et la ligne EE, respectivement ;
  • les figures 10 et 11 sont des vues extérieures respectivement droite et gauche du deuxième élément de la figure 6 ;
  • la figure 12 est une vue en coupe partielle, selon la ligne FF, de l'installation de la figure 1.
The other features of the invention result from the description which follows of an embodiment, description made with reference to the appended figures in which:
  • the figure 1 is a partial view of an installation for the incineration of household waste comprising a grid according to the invention;
  • the figure 2 is an enlarged view of a module of the grid of the figure 1 ;
  • the figure 3 is a top view of a first element of the module of the figure 2 ;
  • the figures 4 and 5 are sectional views of the first element of the figure 3 along line AA and line BB, respectively;
  • the figure 6 is a top view of a second element of the module of the figure 2 ;
  • the figures 7 , 8 and 9 are sectional views of the second element of the figure 6 along the line CC, the line DD and the line EE, respectively;
  • the Figures 10 and 11 are external views respectively right and left of the second element of the figure 6 ;
  • the figure 12 is a partial sectional view, along line FF, of the installation of the figure 1 .

On se réfère tout d'abord à la figure 1 qui représente une installation pour l'incinération des ordures ménagères.We first refer to the figure 1 which represents a facility for the incineration of household waste.

L'installation comprend un four 1 dans lequel les ordures à incinérer sont amenées, en amont, via des moyens d'amenée tels qu'une trémie de chargement 2. En outre, l'installation comprend des moyens de collecte des résidus de l'incinération, en aval, ainsi que des moyens d'évacuation des effluents - notamment des gaz - de combustion.The installation comprises an oven 1 in which the refuse to be incinerated is fed, upstream, via supply means such as a loading hopper 2. In addition, the installation comprises means for collecting the residues of the incineration, downstream, as well as means of evacuation of the effluents - in particular gases - of combustion.

Le four comprend une grille 3 globalement inclinée vers le bas par rapport à l'horizontale, de l'amont à l'aval du four 1. Les ordures, amenées sur la grille 3 en amont, sont progressivement incinérées et déplacées sur la grille 3 vers l'aval.The oven comprises a grid 3 generally inclined downwardly relative to the horizontal, from upstream to downstream of the furnace 1. The garbage, brought to the grid 3 upstream, are gradually incinerated and moved on the grid 3 downstream.

Le four 1 comprend également plusieurs trémies 4 de répartition d'air situées sous la grille 3, et destinées à apporter l'air nécessaire à la combustion des ordures. Des moyens d'acheminement d'un liquide de refroidissement vers et depuis la grille 3 sont également prévus.The oven 1 also comprises several air distribution hoppers 4 located under the grill 3, and intended to provide the air necessary for the combustion of garbage. Means for conveying a cooling liquid to and from the grid 3 are also provided.

La grille peut présenter une longueur de 8 à 10 m, selon sa capacité, et une largeur de 3 à 6 m environ.The grid may have a length of 8 to 10 m, depending on its capacity, and a width of 3 to 6 m approximately.

La grille 3 comporte une pluralité de modules 5 associés les uns aux autres de façon décalée verticalement et horizontalement, de sorte que la grille 3 se présente comme une succession de « gradins ». Un gradin comprend lui-même plusieurs modules sensiblement identiques associés latéralement les uns aux autres (voir figure 12). Le nombre de gradins peut varier de 6 à 9, selon la capacité du four 1.The grid 3 comprises a plurality of modules 5 associated with each other in a vertically and horizontally offset manner, so that the grid 3 is in the form of a succession of "steps". A step itself comprises several substantially identical modules associated laterally with each other (see figure 12 ). The number of steps can vary from 6 to 9, depending on the capacity of the oven 1.

On définit une direction D1 correspondant au sens de progression des ordures, une direction D3 sensiblement verticale, et une direction D2 orthogonale à D1 et D2. Les termes « longueur », « amont », « aval » seront employés en référence à la direction D1, les termes « largeur », «transversal », «latéral » seront employés en référence à la direction D2, et le terme « hauteur » sera employé en référence à la direction D3.We define a direction D1 corresponding to the direction of progression of the garbage, a substantially vertical direction D3, and a direction D2 orthogonal to D1 and D2. The terms "length", "upstream", "downstream" will be used with reference to direction D1, the terms "width", "transverse", "lateral" will be used with reference to direction D2, and the term "height" will be used with reference to Directorate D3.

Dans la réalisation représentée, la grille 3 est composée de trois types de modules différents : le ou les modules situés le plus en amont, le ou les modules situés le plus en aval, et les modules situés au milieu. On s'intéressera par la suite aux modules situés au milieu de la grille 3.In the embodiment shown, the grid 3 is composed of three different types of modules: the module or modules located furthest upstream, the module or modules located furthest downstream, and the modules located in the middle. We will look after the modules located in the middle of grid 3.

On décrit à présent un module 5 en référence aux figures 2 à 11.A module 5 is now described with reference to Figures 2 to 11 .

Le module 5 comprend une partie fixe, servant notamment de support aux ordures lors de leur combustion, et une partie mobile agencée pour pousser les ordures de la partie fixe du module considéré vers la partie fixe du module adjacent situé immédiatement en aval.The module 5 comprises a fixed part, serving in particular to support the garbage during their combustion, and a movable part arranged to push the garbage of the fixed part of the module in question towards the fixed part of the adjacent module located immediately downstream.

On décrit tout d'abord la partie fixe du module 5.Firstly, the fixed part of the module 5 is described.

La partie fixe comprend un premier élément 6, sensiblement parallélépipédique, comportant une paroi supérieure 7, une paroi inférieure 8, une paroi amont 9, une paroi aval 10, une paroi latérale gauche 11 et une paroi latérale droite 12. Le premier élément 6 est placé dans le four 1 de sorte que sa paroi supérieure 7 soit sensiblement horizontale, et ses parois latérales 11, 12 soient sensiblement parallèles à la direction D1.The fixed part comprises a first element 6, substantially parallelepipedal, comprising an upper wall 7, a lower wall 8, an upstream wall 9, a downstream wall 10, a left side wall 11 and a right side wall 12. The first element 6 is placed in the oven 1 so that its upper wall 7 is substantially horizontal, and its side walls 11, 12 are substantially parallel to the direction D1.

La largeur du premier élément est de l'ordre de 25 cm, sa longueur de l'ordre de 50 cm, et son épaisseur voisine de 5 cm.The width of the first element is of the order of 25 cm, its length of the order of 50 cm, and its thickness close to 5 cm.

De la paroi supérieure 7 fait saillie, perpendiculairement et vers le bas, une paroi de séparation 13 s'étendant parallèlement à D1 depuis la paroi aval 10 vers la paroi amont 9, sur une distance de l'ordre des trois quarts de la longueur du premier élément 6, sensiblement à mi distance des parois latérales 11, 12. Une première portion de la paroi de séparation 13, s'étendant depuis la paroi aval 10 sur environ un tiers de la longueur du premier élément 6, est formée d'une simple plaque 14. Une deuxième portion, s'étendant depuis la première portion vers la paroi amont 9, est formée de deux plaques 15a, 15b parallèles disposées en regard l'une de l'autre et associées par leurs extrémités aval et amont de sorte à former un canal 60 de section horizontale rectangulaire. Les plaques 15a, 15b sont espacées d'une distance de l'ordre de 1 cm.From the upper wall 7 protrudes, perpendicularly and downward, a partition wall 13 extending parallel to D1 from the downstream wall 10 to the upstream wall 9, a distance of the order of three quarters of the length of the first element 6, substantially at a distance from the side walls 11, 12. A first portion of the partition wall 13, extending from the downstream wall 10 about a third of the length of the first element 6, is formed of a A second portion, extending from the first portion to the upstream wall 9, is formed of two parallel plates 15a, 15b arranged opposite one another and associated by their downstream and upstream ends so that to form a channel 60 of rectangular horizontal section. The plates 15a, 15b are spaced apart by a distance of the order of 1 cm.

La paroi supérieure 7 comprend deux orifices oblongs 16, d'une longueur voisine de 6 cm, débouchant dans l'espace compris entre les plaques 15a, 15b. La largeur des orifices 16 est de l'ordre de 6 mm à la face supérieure 17 de la paroi supérieure 7, la largeur du canal 60 augmentant progressivement lorsque l'on se déplace vers le bas, la face intérieure de l'orifice rejoignant la face intérieure 18a, 18b des plaques 15a, 15b (figure 5).The upper wall 7 comprises two oblong orifices 16, of a length close to 6 cm, opening into the space between the plates 15a, 15b. The width of the orifices 16 is of the order of 6 mm at the upper face 17 of the upper wall 7, the width of the channel 60 increasing progressively as one moves downwards, the inner face of the orifice joining the inner face 18a, 18b of the plates 15a, 15b ( figure 5 ).

En outre, le premier élément 6 comprend une première saillie 19 s'étendant depuis la paroi latérale droite 12 vers l'extérieur, sensiblement en prolongement de la paroi supérieure 7, sur toute la longueur dudit premier élément 6. La première saillie 19 présente une section transversale sensiblement rectangulaire. La largeur de la première saillie 19 est de l'ordre de 1,5 cm. La hauteur de la première saillie, entre sa face supérieure située sensiblement dans le même plan que la face supérieure 17 de la paroi supérieure 7 du premier élément 6, et sa face inférieure 20, est de l'ordre de 1 cm.In addition, the first element 6 comprises a first projection 19 extending from the right lateral wall 12 towards the outside, substantially in extension of the upper wall 7, over the entire length of said first element 6. The first projection 19 has a substantially rectangular cross section. The width of the first projection 19 is of the order of 1.5 cm. The height of the first projection, between its upper face located substantially in the same plane as the upper face 17 of the upper wall 7 of the first element 6, and its lower face 20 is of the order of 1 cm.

Une deuxième saillie 21 s'étend depuis la paroi latérale gauche 11 vers l'extérieur, mais n'est pas continue sur toute la longueur du premier élément 6. Depuis la paroi amont 9 vers la paroi aval 10, on rencontre successivement : une première portion 21a de la deuxième saillie 21, de longueur voisine de 30 % de la longueur totale du premier élément 6, une interruption de la deuxième saillie 21 (environ 15 % de la longueur totale du premier élément 6), une deuxième portion 21 b de la deuxième saillie 21 (environ 10 % de la longueur totale du premier élément 6), une interruption de la deuxième saillie 21 (environ 15 % de la longueur totale du premier élément 6), une troisième portion 21 c de la deuxième saillie 21 (environ 25 % de la longueur totale du premier élément 6), et une interruption de la deuxième saillie 21.A second projection 21 extends from the left side wall 11 outwards, but is not continuous over the entire length of the first element 6. From the upstream wall 9 to the downstream wall 10, one successively encounters: a first portion 21a of the second projection 21, of length close to 30% of the total length of the first element 6, an interruption of the second projection 21 (about 15% of the total length of the first element 6), a second portion 21b of the second projection 21 (approximately 10% of the total length of the first element 6), an interruption of the second projection 21 (approximately 15% of the total length of the first element 6), a third portion 21c of the second projection 21 ( about 25% of the total length of the first element 6), and an interruption of the second projection 21.

La deuxième saillie 21 présente une section transversale sensiblement rectangulaire, une hauteur de l'ordre de 1 cm et une largeur voisine de 1,5 cm. La deuxième saillie 21 est décalée vers le bas par rapport à la première saillie 19, de sorte que la face supérieure 22 de la deuxième saillie 21 soit située sensiblement dans le même plan que la face inférieure 20 de la première saillie 18.The second projection 21 has a substantially rectangular cross section, a height of about 1 cm and a width of about 1.5 cm. The second projection 21 is offset downward with respect to the first projection 19, so that the upper face 22 of the second projection 21 is located substantially in the same plane as the lower face 20 of the first projection 18.

Les parois 7, 9 à 14, 15a, 15b ainsi que les saillies 19, 21 sont réalisées d'une seule pièce en acier par moulage.The walls 7, 9 to 14, 15a, 15b and the projections 19, 21 are made of a single piece of steel by molding.

La paroi inférieure 8 est une plaque de tôle présentant la forme générale d'un U, soudée en partie inférieure du premier élément 6, aux parois amont 9 et aval 10, ainsi que, d'une part, entre la paroi latérale gauche 11 et la plaque 15a et, d'autre part, entre la paroi latérale droite 12 et la plaque 15b.The bottom wall 8 is a sheet metal plate having the general shape of a U, welded in the lower part of the first element 6, to the upstream and downstream walls 9 and 10, as well as, on the one hand, between the left lateral wall 11 and the plate 15a and, secondly, between the right side wall 12 and the plate 15b.

Ainsi, une première chambre 23 en forme de U est formée entre la paroi inférieure 8 et les parois supérieure 7, latérales 11, 12 et amont 9, aval 10. En outre, le canal formé entre les plaques 15a et 15b est dépourvu de fond (voir figure 5).Thus, a first U-shaped chamber 23 is formed between the bottom wall 8 and the upper side walls 7, 11, 12 and upstream side 9, downstream 10. In addition, the channel formed between the plates 15a and 15b is devoid of bottom. (see figure 5 ).

La paroi inférieure 8 présente un orifice d'entrée 24 et un orifice de sortie 25 situés de part et d'autre de la plaque 14. Un conduit 26 est soudé dans chacun de ces orifices 24, 25 de façon à former un port d'entrée et un port de sortie vers et depuis la première chambre 23. Le conduit 26 débouche à l'intérieur de la première chambre 23 sous et au voisinage immédiat de la paroi supérieure 7, à une distance inférieure à 1 cm, par exemple à 8 mm.The bottom wall 8 has an inlet orifice 24 and an outlet orifice 25 located on either side of the plate 14. A conduit 26 is welded in each of these orifices 24, 25 so as to form a port of inlet and outlet port to and from the first chamber 23. The conduit 26 opens into the first chamber 23 under and in the immediate vicinity of the upper wall 7, at a distance of less than 1 cm, for example at 8 mm.

La partie fixe comprend par ailleurs un deuxième élément 27 comportant une paroi supérieure 28, une paroi inférieure 29, une paroi amont 30 et une paroi aval 31 sensiblement parallèles à D2, une paroi latérale gauche 32 et une paroi latérale droite 33 sensiblement parallèles à D1. La largeur du deuxième élément est de l'ordre de 25 cm, sa longueur de l'ordre de 50 cm, et sa hauteur voisine de 30 cm.The fixed part also comprises a second element 27 comprising an upper wall 28, a lower wall 29, an upstream wall 30 and a downstream wall 31 substantially parallel to D2, a left lateral wall 32 and a right lateral wall 33 substantially parallel to D1. . The width of the second element is of the order of 25 cm, its length of the order of 50 cm, and its height of 30 cm.

La paroi supérieure 28 du deuxième élément 27 comprend une succession de 5 marches comprenant chacune une portion 28a sensiblement plane et parallèle à la paroi supérieure 7 du premier élément 6 et une portion 28b sensiblement plane et perpendiculaire à la paroi supérieure 7 du premier élément 6. La paroi supérieure 28 présente ainsi la forme générale d'un escalier, incliné globalement d'un angle α de l'ordre de 23°.The upper wall 28 of the second element 27 comprises a succession of 5 steps each comprising a portion 28a substantially flat and parallel to the upper wall 7 of the first element 6 and a portion 28b substantially flat and perpendicular to the upper wall 7 of the first element 6. The upper wall 28 thus has the general shape of a staircase, generally inclined at an angle α of the order of 23 °.

De la paroi supérieure 28 fait saillie, perpendiculairement et vers le bas, une paroi de séparation s'étendant parallèlement à D1 depuis la paroi aval 31 vers la paroi amont 30, sur une distance de l'ordre de 85 % de la longueur du deuxième élément 27, sensiblement à mi distance des parois latérales 32, 33. La paroi de séparation est formé de deux plaques 34a, 34b espacées l'une de l'autre d'une distance voisine de 1 cm et associées à leur extrémité amont.From the upper wall 28 protrudes, perpendicularly and downwards, a separating wall extending parallel to D1 from the downstream wall 31 to the upstream wall 30, over a distance of the order of 85% of the length of the second element 27, substantially midway from the side walls 32, 33. The partition wall is formed of two plates 34a, 34b spaced apart from each other by a distance of 1 cm and associated with their upstream end.

Chacune des portions 28b sensiblement verticales de la paroi supérieure 28 présente un orifice 35, s'étendant sur sensiblement toute la hauteur de ladite portion 28b, de largeur correspondant à l'écartement entre les plaques 34a, 34b, et débouchant dans l'espace compris entre lesdites plaques 34a, 34b (figure 9).Each of the substantially vertical portions 28b of the upper wall 28 has an orifice 35 extending over substantially the entire height of said portion 28b, of width corresponding to the spacing between the plates 34a, 34b, and opening into the space included between said plates 34a, 34b ( figure 9 ).

Le deuxième élément 27 comprend une série de premières saillies 36 s'étendant chacune depuis la paroi latérale droite 33 vers l'extérieur, sensiblement en prolongement d'une portion 28a sensiblement horizontale de la paroi supérieure 28, depuis l'extrémité aval de ladite portion 28a vers et légèrement au-delà de l'extrémité amont de ladite portion 28a.The second element 27 comprises a series of first projections 36 each extending from the right lateral wall 33 towards the outside, substantially in extension of a substantially horizontal portion 28a of the upper wall 28, from the downstream end of said portion. 28a towards and slightly beyond the upstream end of said portion 28a.

Chacune des premières saillies 36 présente une section transversale sensiblement rectangulaire et une largeur de l'ordre de 1,5 cm. La hauteur d'une première saillie 36, entre sa face supérieure, située sensiblement dans le même plan que la face supérieure 37 de la portion 28a considérée, et sa face inférieure 38, est de l'ordre de 1 cm.Each of the first projections 36 has a substantially rectangular cross section and a width of the order of 1.5 cm. The height of a first projection 36, between its upper face, located substantially in the same plane as the upper face 37 of the portion 28a considered, and its lower face 38, is of the order of 1 cm.

Le deuxième élément 27 comprend en outre une série de deuxièmes saillies 39 s'étendant chacune depuis la paroi latérale gauche 32 vers l'extérieur. Chacune des deuxièmes saillies 39 présente une section transversale sensiblement rectangulaire, une hauteur de l'ordre de 1 cm et une largeur voisine de 1,5 cm.The second member 27 further includes a series of second projections 39 each extending from the left side wall 32 outwardly. Each of the second projections 39 has a substantially rectangular cross section, a height of about 1 cm and a width of about 1.5 cm.

Chacune des deuxièmes saillies 39 s'étend parallèlement à une portion 28a sensiblement horizontale de la paroi supérieure 28, non en prolongement de celle-ci, mais de façon décalée vers le bas, de façon que la face supérieure 40 de la deuxième saillie 39 soit située sensiblement dans le même plan que la face inférieure 38 de la première saillie 36. En outre, chacune des deuxièmes saillies 39 s'étend depuis l'extrémité aval de ladite portion 28a vers et légèrement au-delà de l'extrémité amont de ladite portion 28a.Each of the second projections 39 extends parallel to a substantially horizontal portion 28a of the upper wall 28, not in extension thereof, but in a downwardly offset manner, so that the upper face 40 of the second projection 39 is located substantially in the same plane as the lower face 38 of the first projection 36. In addition, each of the second projections 39 extends from the downstream end of said portion 28a to and slightly beyond the upstream end of said portion 28a.

Le deuxième élément 27 présente ainsi un saillie horizontale gauche 39 et une saillie droite 36 à chacune de ses marches, et est dépourvue de toute saillie verticale (parallèle à la portion verticale 28b de chaque marche).The second element 27 thus has a left horizontal protrusion 39 and a straight projection 36 at each of its steps, and is devoid of any vertical projection (parallel to the vertical portion 28b of each step).

Selon une variante (figures 10 et 11), la portion verticale 28b de la marche inférieure présente une saillie verticale droite 36 discontinue s'étendant vers l'extérieur sensiblement en prolongement de la portion verticale 28b, et une saillie verticale gauche 39 discontinue s'étendant vers l'extérieur, en étant décalée vers l'amont, de sorte que la face amont 41 de la saillie droite 36 soit située sensiblement dans le même plan que la face aval 42 de la saillie gauche 39.According to a variant ( Figures 10 and 11 ), the vertical portion 28b of the lower step has a straight vertical projection 36 discontinuous extending outwardly substantially in extension of the vertical portion 28b, and a discontinuous vertical left projection 39 extending outwardly, being offset upstream, so that the upstream face 41 of the right projection 36 is located substantially in the same plane as the downstream face 42 of the left projection 39.

La paroi inférieure 29 du deuxième élément 27 présente, en coupe longitudinale, une forme similaire à celle de la paroi supérieure (succession de portions horizontales 29a et de portions verticales 29b formant les marches d'un escalier). En vue de dessus, la paroi inférieure 29 présente la forme générale d'un U s'étendant entre les parois amont 30 et aval 31 ainsi que, d'une part, entre la paroi latérale gauche 32 et la plaque 34a et, d'autre part, entre la paroi latérale droite 33 et la plaque 34b. Ainsi, le canal formé entre les plaques 34a, 34b est dépourvu de fond (voir figure 8).The lower wall 29 of the second element 27 has, in longitudinal section, a shape similar to that of the upper wall (succession of horizontal portions 29a and vertical portions 29b forming the steps of a staircase). In a view from above, the bottom wall 29 has the general shape of a U extending between the upstream and downstream walls 31 and, on the one hand, between the left lateral wall 32 and the plate 34a and, on the other hand, between the right side wall 33 and the plate 34b. Thus, the channel formed between the plates 34a, 34b is devoid of bottom (see figure 8 ).

Une deuxième chambre 43 en forme de U est donc formée entre la paroi inférieure 29 et les parois supérieure 28, latérales 32, 33 et amont 30, aval 31.A second U-shaped chamber 43 is thus formed between the lower wall 29 and the upper, lateral, 32, 33 and upstream 30, downstream walls 31.

La paroi inférieure 29 comprend une zone centrale 44 s'étendant sur toute la largeur du deuxième élément 27, ainsi qu'une zone amont 45 et une zone aval 46 s'étendant, sur toute la largeur du deuxième élément 27, depuis une extrémité de la zone centrale vers, respectivement, la paroi amont 30 et la paroi aval 31.The bottom wall 29 comprises a central zone 44 extending over the entire width of the second element 27, as well as an upstream zone 45 and a downstream zone 46 extending, over the entire width of the second element 27, from an end of the central zone towards, respectively, the upstream wall 30 and the downstream wall 31.

Les parois 28, 30 à 33, 34a, 34b, la zone centrale 44, ainsi que les saillies 36, 39 sont réalisées d'une seule pièce en acier par moulage, avec l'aide d'un noyau. Les zones amont 45 et aval 46 sont des plaques de tôle soudées en partie inférieure du deuxième élément 27, entre la zone centrale 44, les parois latérales 32, 33 et la paroi amont 30, respectivement aval 31.The walls 28, 30 to 33, 34a, 34b, the central zone 44, as well as the projections 36, 39 are made of a single piece of steel by molding, with the aid of a core. The upstream zones 45 and downstream 46 are sheet metal plates welded in the lower part of the second element 27, between the central zone 44, the side walls 32, 33 and the upstream wall 30, respectively downstream 31.

La zone amont 45 de la paroi inférieure 29 du deuxième élément 27 présente un orifice d'entrée 47 et un orifice de sortie 48 situés de part et d'autre des plaques 34a, 34b, dans une portion horizontale de ladite paroi inférieure 29.The upstream zone 45 of the lower wall 29 of the second element 27 has an inlet orifice 47 and an outlet orifice 48 located on either side of the plates 34a, 34b, in a horizontal portion of said bottom wall 29.

Un conduit 26 est soudé dans chacun de ces orifices 47, 48 de façon à former un port d'entrée et un port de sortie vers et depuis la deuxième chambre 43. Le conduit 26 débouche à l'intérieur de la deuxième chambre 43 sous et au voisinage immédiat de la portion horizontale 28a de la paroi supérieure 28 située le plus en amont, à une distance inférieure à 1 cm, par exemple à 8 mm. Ainsi, la bulle d'air créée en sortie du conduit 26 est de dimensions réduites. De plus, elle est située en partie haute du deuxième élément 27, c'est-à-dire dans sa partie la moins chaude, ce qui limite les problèmes liés au mauvais refroidissement.A conduit 26 is welded in each of these orifices 47, 48 so as to form an inlet port and an outlet port to and from the second chamber 43. The conduit 26 opens into the second chamber 43 under and at immediate vicinity of the horizontal portion 28a of the upper wall 28 located upstream, at a distance of less than 1 cm, for example 8 mm. Thus, the air bubble created at the outlet of the conduit 26 is of reduced dimensions. In addition, it is located in the upper part of the second element 27, that is to say in its least hot part, which limits the problems related to bad cooling.

Les premier et deuxième éléments 6, 27 sont soutenus par des traverses en H 49 (figure 2). Le deuxième élément 27 est disposé de sorte que :

  • ses parois latérales 32, 33 soient situées sensiblement dans les mêmes plans que les parois latérales 11, 12 du premier élément 6 ;
  • sa paroi amont 30 soit adjacente à la paroi aval 10 du premier élément 6 ;
  • et que la face supérieure 37 de la portion horizontale 28a de sa paroi supérieure 28 la plus en amont soit située immédiatement sous un rebord 50 saillant en prolongement de la paroi supérieure 7 du premier élément 6 vers l'aval.
The first and second elements 6, 27 are supported by H 49 cross members ( figure 2 ). The second element 27 is arranged so that:
  • its side walls 32, 33 are located substantially in the same plane as the side walls 11, 12 of the first element 6;
  • its upstream wall 30 is adjacent to the downstream wall 10 of the first element 6;
  • and that the upper face 37 of the horizontal portion 28a of its topmost wall 28 is located immediately below a flange 50 projecting from the upper wall 7 of the first element 6 downstream.

On décrit à présent la partie mobile 51 du module 5 (voir figure 2).We now describe the mobile part 51 of the module 5 (see figure 2 ).

La partie mobile 51 comprend une paroi supérieure 52 sensiblement rectangulaire, de laquelle font saillie, vers le bas, une paroi amont 53, une paroi aval 54 inclinée par rapport à l'horizontale d'un angle β compris entre 60 et 80° environ, et des parois latérales.The movable portion 51 comprises a substantially rectangular upper wall 52, from which project downwardly an upstream wall 53, a downstream wall 54 inclined with respect to the horizontal by an angle β of between approximately 60 and 80 °, and side walls.

La partie mobile 51 est placée dans le four 1 de sorte que sa paroi supérieure 52 soit sensiblement horizontale, et ses parois latérales sensiblement parallèles à D1 et dans les mêmes plans que les parois latérales 11, 12 du premier élément 6. En outre, la face inférieure de la partie mobile 51 coopère avec la face supérieure 17 de la paroi supérieure 7 du premier élément 6.The movable portion 51 is placed in the furnace 1 so that its upper wall 52 is substantially horizontal, and its side walls substantially parallel to D1 and in the same planes as the side walls 11, 12 of the first element 6. In addition, the lower face of the movable part 51 cooperates with the upper face 17 of the upper wall 7 of the first element 6.

La largeur de la partie mobile 51 est de l'ordre de 25 cm, sa longueur de l'ordre de 60 cm, et son épaisseur voisine de 10 cm.The width of the movable portion 51 is of the order of 25 cm, its length of the order of 60 cm, and its thickness of 10 cm.

La partie mobile 51 est apte à être déplacée en translation le long de la face supérieure 17 du premier élément 6, via un dispositif d'entraînement 55 comprenant une bielle fixée à la paroi amont 53 de la partie mobile 51, entre :

  • une position rétractée, dans laquelle la paroi aval 54 de la partie mobile 51 est située au voisinage de la paroi amont 9 du premier élément 6 ;
  • et une position déployée, dans laquelle la paroi aval 54 de la partie mobile 51 est située au voisinage de la paroi aval 10 du premier élément 6.
The mobile part 51 is able to be displaced in translation along the upper face 17 of the first element 6, via a drive device 55 comprising a connecting rod fixed to the upstream wall 53 of the movable part 51, between:
  • a retracted position, in which the downstream wall 54 of the movable part 51 is situated in the vicinity of the upstream wall 9 of the first element 6;
  • and an extended position, in which the downstream wall 54 of the movable portion 51 is located in the vicinity of the downstream wall 10 of the first element 6.

Par exemple, un cycle de déplacement se décompose comme suit : la partie mobile 51 est en position rétractée pendant au moins 100 secondes, et se déplace vers sa position déployée, puis à partir de sa position déployée vers sa position rétractée pendant environ 10 secondes.For example, a movement cycle is broken down as follows: the movable portion 51 is in the retracted position for at least 100 seconds, and moves to its deployed position, and then from its extended position to its retracted position for about 10 seconds.

La partie mobile 51 du module 5 ne forme pas de chambre intérieure, et est dépourvue de système de refroidissement par un liquide, cette partie étant simplement refroidie par une circulation d'air.The movable portion 51 of the module 5 does not form an inner chamber, and is devoid of liquid cooling system, this part being simply cooled by a flow of air.

Deux modules 5 adjacents sont disposés de sorte que, d'une part, la paroi aval 31 du deuxième élément 27 du module 5 supérieur soit placée sensiblement au droit - ou de façon légèrement décalée vers l'aval - de la paroi amont 9 du premier élément 6 du module 5 inférieur et, d'autre part, le deuxième élément 27 du module 5 supérieur soit situé au-dessus de la partie mobile 51 du module 5 inférieur. Le jeu j1 entre la face inférieure du deuxième élément 27 du module 5 supérieur et la face supérieure 56 est de l'ordre de 6 mm.Two adjacent modules 5 are arranged so that, on the one hand, the downstream wall 31 of the second element 27 of the upper module 5 is placed substantially right - or slightly offset downstream - of the upstream wall 9 of the first element 6 of the lower module 5 and, on the other hand, the second element 27 of the upper module 5 is situated above the moving part 51 of the lower module 5. The clearance j1 between the lower face of the second element 27 of the upper module 5 and the upper face 56 is of the order of 6 mm.

On se réfère à présent à la figure 12 qui illustre l'association latérale des premiers éléments 6 d'un gradin de la grille 3.We now refer to the figure 12 which illustrates the lateral association of the first elements 6 of a step of the grid 3.

Les premiers éléments 6 sont placés de sorte que les faces supérieures 17 de leurs parois supérieures 7 soient situées sensiblement dans un même plan. La première saillie 19 d'un élément 6 coopère alors avec la deuxième saillie 21 de l'élément 6 adjacent, puisque la face inférieure 20 d'une première saillie 19 est située sensiblement dans le même plan que la face supérieure 22 d'une deuxième saillie 21. Une saillie peut reposer sur la saillie adjacente. En variante, il peut exister un jeu vertical très faible entre ces deux saillies.The first elements 6 are placed so that the upper faces 17 of their upper walls 7 are located substantially in the same plane. The first projection 19 of an element 6 then cooperates with the second projection 21 of the adjacent element 6, since the lower face 20 of a first projection 19 is located substantially in the same plane as the upper face 22 of a second projection 21. A protrusion may rest on the adjacent projection. Alternatively, there may be a very small vertical clearance between these two projections.

En outre, il existe un jeu j2, par exemple de l'ordre de 4 mm, entre l'extrémité libre d'une saillie 19, 21 et la paroi latérale 11, 12 adjacente. Ce jeu permet la dilatation latérale des premiers éléments 6, les saillies coulissant alors l'une sur l'autre selon la direction D2.In addition, there is a clearance j2, for example of the order of 4 mm, between the free end of a projection 19, 21 and the side wall 11, 12 adjacent. This game allows the lateral expansion of the first elements 6, the projections then sliding on one another in the direction D2.

En fonctionnement normal, la température de peau du premier élément 6 est de l'ordre de 80 à 85°C, la dilatation de chacun des premiers éléments 6 étant limitée à 0,3 mm environ du fait de l'efficacité du refroidissement. En cas d'incident, la température de peau peut atteindre 500°C et la dilatation 1,7 mm par premier élément 6. La valeur de j2 permet de faire face à cette situation.In normal operation, the skin temperature of the first element 6 is of the order of 80 to 85 ° C, the expansion of each of the first elements 6 being limited to about 0.3 mm due to the cooling efficiency. In the event of an incident, the skin temperature can reach 500 ° C and the expansion 1.7 mm by first element 6. The value of j2 makes it possible to face this situation.

Cette structure dans laquelle les saillies se recouvrent n'empêche toutefois pas la circulation d'air de bas en haut nécessaire à la bonne combustion des ordures.This structure in which the projections overlap does not prevent the flow of air from bottom to top necessary for the proper combustion of garbage.

En effet, comme illustré sur la figure 3, du fait du jeu j2 et de la discontinuité de la deuxième saillie 21, plusieurs ouvertures 57 sont ménagées entre la paroi latérale gauche 11 d'un premier élément 6 et l'extrémité libre de la première saillie 19 du premier élément 6 adjacent (représenté en traits mixtes), ces ouvertures permettant donc le passage d'air.Indeed, as illustrated on the figure 3 because of the clearance j2 and the discontinuity of the second projection 21, a plurality of openings 57 are formed between the left-hand side wall 11 of a first element 6 and the free end of the first projection 19 of the first adjacent element 6 (shown in FIG. in phantom), these openings thus allowing the passage of air.

Il est à noter que les premiers éléments 6 situés aux extrémités latérales d'un gradin peuvent présenter des formes latérales différentes (absence de saillies par exemple).It should be noted that the first elements 6 located at the lateral ends of a step may have different lateral shapes (absence of projections for example).

Par ailleurs, l'association latérale des deuxièmes éléments 27 est réalisée selon le même principe, par coopération des premières et deuxièmes saillies 36, 39 avec un jeu latéral de dilatation. Là encore est prévu un passage d'air entre deux des deuxièmes éléments 27 adjacents, perpendiculairement à chacune des portions verticales 28b de la paroi supérieure 28, entre deux saillies 36, 39 consécutives (voir les flèches portées sur la figure 11).Furthermore, the lateral association of the second elements 27 is performed according to the same principle, by cooperation of the first and second projections 36, 39 with a lateral play of expansion. Again there is provided an air passage between two adjacent second elements 27, perpendicular to each of the vertical portions 28b of the upper wall 28, between two projections 36, 39 consecutive (see the arrows on the figure 11 ).

On décrit maintenant le fonctionnement de l'installation.The operation of the installation is now described.

Les ordures, amenées en amont de la grille 3, se trouvent au bout d'une certain temps disposées sur la paroi supérieure 7 du premier élément 6 du module 5 situé le plus en amont, la partie mobile 51 correspondante étant en position rétractée. Après un laps de temps défini, la partie mobile 51 est déplacée vers sa position déployée, poussant ainsi les ordures vers l'aval.Garbage, brought upstream of the gate 3, are after a certain time disposed on the upper wall 7 of the first element 6 of the module 5 located upstream, the corresponding movable portion 51 being in the retracted position. After a defined period of time, the movable portion 51 is moved to its deployed position, thereby pushing the garbage downstream.

Les ordures tombent ensuite naturellement sur les marches successives du deuxième élément 27 vers le premier élément 6 du module 5 adjacent. Il n'est donc pas nécessaire que la partie mobile 51 continue à pousser les ordures. Ainsi, pendant que les ordures se déplacent sur les deuxièmes éléments 27, les différentes parties mobiles sont déplacées vers leur position rétractée pour libérer la paroi supérieure 7 des premiers éléments 6. La présence des marches favorise le déplacement des ordures ainsi que leur retournement, ce qui est un avantage pour la combustion.The garbage then naturally falls on the successive steps of the second element 27 to the first element 6 of the adjacent module 5. It is therefore not necessary that the moving part 51 continues to push the garbage. Thus, while the garbage moves on the second elements 27, the different moving parts are moved to their retracted position to release the upper wall 7 of the first elements 6. The presence of the steps promotes the movement of garbage and their reversal, this which is an advantage for combustion.

La qualité de la combustion dépend entre autres de la quantité d'air insufflée. Cette quantité varie selon la quantité d'ordures incinérées, le PCI, et la zone du four 1 : le besoin en oxygène est moyen dans les zones où se produit essentiellement un séchage des déchets (évaporation de l'eau contenue), important dans les zones de combustion active, et faible dans les zones de fin de combustion (permettant d'avoir un taux d'imbrûlés minimal). Le système de distribution d'air doit donc s'adapter aux différentes situations.The quality of the combustion depends, among other things, on the quantity of air injected. This quantity varies according to the quantity of garbage incinerated, the PCI, and the zone of the oven 1: the oxygen requirement is average in the areas where essentially a drying of the waste (evaporation of the water contained), important in the areas of active combustion, and low in the end-of-combustion zones (allowing a minimum unburnt rate). The air distribution system must therefore adapt to different situations.

L'air nécessaire à la combustion est apporté par les trémies 4 de répartition d'air, via :

  • les espaces prévus entre les saillies latérales des éléments (ouvertures 57 de la figure 3, flèches de la figure 11) ;
  • le jeu j1 entre la partie mobile 51 d'un module 5 et le deuxième élément 27 du module 5 supérieur (sur toute la largeur de la grille 3). Du fait du déplacement de la partie mobile, le jeu j1 ne s'encrasse pratiquement pas ;
  • les orifices 16 de la paroi supérieure 7 des premiers éléments 6 ;
  • les orifices 35 ménagés dans les portions 28b sensiblement verticales de la paroi supérieure 28 des deuxièmes éléments 27.
The air required for combustion is supplied by the air distribution hoppers 4 via:
  • spaces provided between the lateral projections of the elements (openings 57 of the figure 3 arrows of the figure 11 );
  • the clearance j1 between the mobile part 51 of a module 5 and the second element 27 of the upper module 5 (over the entire width of the grid 3). Because of the displacement of the movable part, the game j1 does not clog substantially;
  • the orifices 16 of the upper wall 7 of the first elements 6;
  • the orifices 35 formed in the substantially vertical portions 28b of the upper wall 28 of the second elements 27.

Afin d'assurer une bonne aération, et donc une bonne combustion, la surface des passages d'air à prévoir est de l'ordre de 40 cm2 par module 5 (dans la réalisation représentée, et sans tenir compte des passages entre modules adjacents latéralement). La répartition peut être la suivante : environ 50 % de la surface prévue dans le deuxième élément 27, environ 25 % de la surface prévue dans le premier élément 6, et environ 25 % de la surface obtenue via le jeu j1.In order to ensure good aeration, and therefore good combustion, the surface of the air passages to be provided is of the order of 40 cm 2 per module 5 (in the embodiment shown, and without taking into account the passages between adjacent modules laterally ). The distribution can be as follows: about 50% of the area provided in the second element 27, about 25% of the area provided in the first element 6, and about 25% of the area obtained via the game j1.

Ainsi, malgré l'encrassement possible du premier élément 6, la qualité de la combustion restera relativement égale dans le temps, car au moins 75 % des passages d'air seront toujours opérationnels.Thus, despite the possible fouling of the first element 6, the quality of the combustion will remain relatively equal over time, since at least 75% of the air passages will still be operational.

Les modules 5 sont refroidis d'une part par circulation d'air (parties mobiles 51) et d'autre part par circulation d'un liquide de refroidissement dans les premières et deuxièmes chambres 23, 43.The modules 5 are cooled on the one hand by air circulation (moving parts 51) and on the other hand by circulation of a coolant in the first and second chambers 23, 43.

Le liquide de refroidissement peut être de l'eau - ou tout liquide adapté - à une pression de 2 à 10 bars, et notamment de 4 à 6 bars (pour vaincre les pertes de charge du réseau et éviter la vaporisation), et un débit de 1,5 à 5 m3/h par m2 de grille, en particulier 3 m3/h par m2 de grille. L'eau entrant dans le module est à une température comprise entre 60 et 90°C, par exemple voisine de 80°C.The coolant may be water - or any suitable liquid - at a pressure of 2 to 10 bar, and especially 4 to 6 bar (to overcome network pressure drops and avoid spraying), and a flow from 1.5 to 5 m 3 / h per m 2 of grid, in particular 3 m 3 / h per m 2 of grid. The water entering the module is at a temperature between 60 and 90 ° C, for example about 80 ° C.

L'alimentation en eau des modules se fait de la façon suivante : l'eau est amenée en milieu de gradin et la circulation s'effectue par demi gradin. Sur un demi gradin considéré, l'eau est amenée à l'entrée d'un deuxième élément 27 situé sensiblement au centre du gradin puis passe successivement dans tous les deuxièmes éléments 27 du même demi gradin, jusqu'en sortie du deuxième élément 27 du module 5 situé à l'extrémité latérale du gradin. L'eau est ensuite amenée en entrée du premier élément 6 dudit module 5 et passe successivement dans tous les premiers éléments 6 du même demi gradin, jusqu'en sortie du premier élément 6 situé sensiblement au centre du gradin. L'eau est ensuite évacuée.The water supply of the modules is as follows: the water is brought in the middle of the step and the circulation is made by half step. On a half-step considered, the water is brought to the inlet of a second element 27 situated substantially in the center of the step and then passes successively in all the second elements 27 of the same half-step, to the exit of the second element 27 of the module 5 located at the lateral end of the step. The water is then brought into the inlet of the first element 6 of said module 5 and passes successively in all the first elements 6 of the same half-step, until the output of the first element 6 located substantially in the center of the step. The water is then evacuated.

En outre, la circulation et le débit du liquide de refroidissement sont choisis pour permettre l'entraînement de la bulle d'air piégée en sortie des conduits 26 d'entrée dans les chambres 23, 43.In addition, the circulation and the flow rate of the coolant are chosen to allow the entrainment of the trapped air bubble at the outlet of the inlet ducts 26 in the chambers 23, 43.

Un des avantages de l'invention réside dans la possibilité de remplacer une partie seulement des modules d'une grille en service par des modules tels que précédemment décrits, sans que le changement de la totalité de la grille soit nécessaire, ce qui est très avantageux pour l'exploitant.One of the advantages of the invention lies in the possibility of replacing only part of the modules of a grid in service by modules as described above, without the need to change the entire grid, which is very advantageous. for the operator.

Claims (15)

  1. Module intended to be associated with other modules (5) of similar geometry in order to form a grate (3) for a furnace (1) for incinerating household waste, with said module (5) comprising:
    - a first element (6) comprising an upper wall (7) forming a first wall for the combustion of waste, substantially flat;
    - a second element (27) comprising an upper wall (28) forming a second wall for the combustion of waste extending from the downstream end of the first combustion wall being globally inclined with respect to said first combustion wall by an angle (α) between 15 and 45°;
    - a means for pushing waste (51), mobile in translation through cycles along the upper face (17) of the first wall (7), between a retracted position, wherein the downstream end of the means for pushing (51) is located in the vicinity of the upstream end of the first combustion wall, and a deployed position, wherein the downstream end of the means for pushing (51) is located in the vicinity of the downstream end of the first combustion wall, said means for pushing (51) being in retracted position for at least 70% of the duration of one cycle; said means for pushing being arranged to be cooled by a circulation of air and devoid of a system for cooling with a liquid,
    - a system for cooling the module (5), said cooling system being formed of at least one lower wall (8, 29) which is associated under the first and second combustion walls (7, 28) in such a way as to form between said wall and said first and second combustion walls at least one chamber (23, 43) wherein a coolant is able to circulate.
  2. Module according to claim 1, characterised in that the cooling system of the module (5) comprises a third wall (8) associated under the first combustion wall (7) in such a way as to form between said first and third walls a first chamber (23), and a fourth wall (29) associated under the second combustion wall (28), in such a way as to form between said second and fourth walls a second chamber (43) separate from the first chamber (23).
  3. Module according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that at least one element (6, 27) comprises a lateral wall protruding from the upper wall (7, 28), with the lower wall (8, 29) of the element being welded to the lower portion of the lateral wall.
  4. Module according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that at least one chamber (23, 43) comprises an inlet port (24, 47, 26) and an outlet port (25, 48, 26) of the coolant.
  5. Module according to claim 4, characterised in that a separation wall (13, 14, 15a, 15b, 34a, 34b) extends inside said chamber (23, 43) between the inlet and outlet ports, over substantially the entire height of the chamber and over a provided distance in order to guide the circulation of the liquid in said chamber.
  6. Module according to claims 4 or 5, characterised in that the outlet port (25, 48, 26) of the first chamber (23), respectively the second chamber (43), is connected to the inlet port (24, 47, 26) of the first chamber (23), respectively the second chamber (43).
  7. Module according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that the second combustion wall (28) comprises a succession of 4 to 7 steps with each one comprising a portion (28a) that is substantially flat and parallel to the first combustion wall (7) and a portion (28b) that is substantially flat and perpendicular to the first combustion wall, in such a way as to form a stairs.
  8. Module according to any of claims 4 to 7, characterised in that the inlet port comprises a duct (26) opening inside the chamber (23, 43) under and in the immediate vicinity of a portion of the first or of the second combustion wall (7, 28a) intended to be placed substantially horizontally in the furnace (1).
  9. Module according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterised in that it comprises a system for supplying combustion air comprising at least one channel (60) for the passage of air passing through the first element (6) substantially vertically and opening on the one hand through an opening arranged in the lower wall (8) and on the other hand through an orifice (16) arranged in the upper wall (7), substantially horizontal, of the first element (6), with the channel (60) having, over its entire height, a horizontal section with dimensions greater than or equal to those of the orifice (16), with the channel widening from the upper face (17) of the element (6) to the lower wall (8) of said element (6) at least over a portion of the height of the canal (60).
  10. Module according to claims 7 and 9, characterised in that the system for supplying combustion air comprises at least one channel for the passage of air passing through the second element (27) from bottom to top, said channel opening through an orifice (35) arranged in a substantially vertical portion (28b) of the upper wall (28) of said second element (27).
  11. Module according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that at least one of the elements (6, 27) comprises at least one first protrusion (19, 36) extending from a first lateral wall (12, 33) of said element outwards, and at least one second protrusion (21, 39) extending from a second lateral wall (11, 32) of said element outwards, with the upper face (22, 40) of the second protrusion (21, 39) being offset downwards with respect to the upper face of the first protrusion (19, 36) by a distance greater than the height of the first protrusion (19, 36), in such a way that, when two substantially identical elements are associated laterally, the first protrusion of an element covers the second protrusion of the adjacent element.
  12. Grate for a furnace for incinerating household waste, characterised in that it comprises a plurality of modules (5) according to any of claims 1 to 11, said modules (5) being arranged in such a way that their first combustion wall (7) is placed substantially horizontally in the furnace and that the downstream end of the second combustion wall (27) of a module (5) is placed substantially in line with the upstream end of the first combustion wall of the adjacent module (5) located downstream, above the means for pushing (51) waste of said adjacent module (5), in such a way as to form a succession of steps.
  13. Grate according to claim 12, characterised in that a step comprises a plurality of substantially identical modules (5) associated laterally to one another.
  14. Grate according to claim 12 and comprising a module according to claims 2 and 4, characterised in that the second chambers (43) of the modules (5) of a step of the grate (3) are carried out in series by their inlet and outlet ports, at least for a portion, the first chambers (23) of the modules (5) of a step of the grate (3) are connected in series by their inlet and outlet ports, at least for a portion, with the outlet port (48, 26) of the second chamber (43) of a given module (5) being connected to the inlet port (24, 26) of the first chamber (23) of said module (5).
  15. Installation for the incineration of household waste, comprising at least one furnace (1) wherein is provided a grate (3) according to one of claims 12 to 14, means for supplying (2) household waste in the furnace, upstream of the grate (3), means for collecting residue from the incineration, downstream of the grate (3), and means for conveying a coolant of the modules (5) of the grate (3).
EP05290724.3A 2004-04-01 2005-04-01 Incineration grate with water-cooled fixed steps Not-in-force EP1582812B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0450645 2004-04-01
FR0450645A FR2868514B1 (en) 2004-04-01 2004-04-01 INCINERATION GRID WITH FIXED GRADINS COOLED WITH WATER

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1582812A1 EP1582812A1 (en) 2005-10-05
EP1582812B1 true EP1582812B1 (en) 2016-10-12

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP05290724.3A Not-in-force EP1582812B1 (en) 2004-04-01 2005-04-01 Incineration grate with water-cooled fixed steps

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EP (1) EP1582812B1 (en)
FR (1) FR2868514B1 (en)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE1017195A3 (en) * 2006-06-26 2008-04-01 Fifth Element Nv COMBUSTION GRILL AND ELEMENT APPLIED IN THEM.
EP2034243A1 (en) * 2007-09-10 2009-03-11 Babcock & Wilcox Vølund A/S Stepped grate beam for a combustion grate
BE1021345B1 (en) * 2012-11-26 2015-11-05 Nantong Tianlan Environmental Protection Energy Equipment Co., LTD DEVICE FOR WASTE INCINERATION
CN104235861A (en) * 2014-10-14 2014-12-24 济南锅炉集团有限公司 Labyrinth type reciprocating fire grate segment of grate
FI20215661A1 (en) * 2021-06-07 2022-12-08 Ariterm Service Oy LIQUID-COOLED GRATE IN SOLID FUEL BURNER

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE911889C (en) * 1954-04-08 Dipl.-Ing. Ferdinand Tschinka, Auhausen bei Wassertrüdingen Mechanical firing
US1403609A (en) * 1920-01-02 1922-01-17 Leonard Engineering Company Stoker-furnace
CH514809A (en) * 1968-10-03 1971-10-31 Fonderie E Officine Di Saronno Mechanical screen for solid waste incineration plants
CH684118A5 (en) * 1993-04-20 1994-07-15 Doikos Investments Ltd Burning sweepings on combustion grill - individually dosing prim. air through separate tubes extending whole length underneath grill
DE19528310A1 (en) * 1995-08-02 1997-02-06 Abb Management Ag Grate for a furnace
DE19714573C1 (en) * 1997-04-09 1998-04-16 Ecm Ingenieur Unternehmen Fuer Incinerator furnace grate especially for problem waste
DE19851471A1 (en) * 1998-11-09 2000-05-11 Mitteldeutsche Feuerungs Und U Feed grate cover for combustion furnace has narrow S-shaped gaps to allow very little material to fall through and uses stair-step-type bars in close contact

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FR2868514A1 (en) 2005-10-07
EP1582812A1 (en) 2005-10-05
FR2868514B1 (en) 2006-06-16

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