EP0191254A1 - Furnace grate provided with elements which permit a better control of the primary air supply - Google Patents

Furnace grate provided with elements which permit a better control of the primary air supply Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0191254A1
EP0191254A1 EP85402272A EP85402272A EP0191254A1 EP 0191254 A1 EP0191254 A1 EP 0191254A1 EP 85402272 A EP85402272 A EP 85402272A EP 85402272 A EP85402272 A EP 85402272A EP 0191254 A1 EP0191254 A1 EP 0191254A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
elements
grid
orifices
hearth
called
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP85402272A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0191254B1 (en
Inventor
André Moreau
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dalkia Wastenergy SA
Original Assignee
Electricite de France SA
TIRU SA Traitement Industriel des Residus Urbains
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Application filed by Electricite de France SA, TIRU SA Traitement Industriel des Residus Urbains filed Critical Electricite de France SA
Publication of EP0191254A1 publication Critical patent/EP0191254A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0191254B1 publication Critical patent/EP0191254B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H17/00—Details of grates
    • F23H17/12—Fire-bars
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H1/00—Grates with solid bars
    • F23H1/02—Grates with solid bars having provision for air supply or air preheating, e.g. air-supply or blast fittings which form a part of the grate structure or serve as supports
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23H—GRATES; CLEANING OR RAKING GRATES
    • F23H7/00—Inclined or stepped grates
    • F23H7/06—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding
    • F23H7/08—Inclined or stepped grates with movable bars disposed parallel to direction of fuel feeding reciprocating along their axes

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hearth grate intended to support the combustible mass in an oven, in particular for the incineration of waste.
  • the present invention also relates to the individual elements which constitute this grid.
  • Fuel grids are known which are generally of the type comprising a plurality of individual elements which are identical to each other. These grids are generally inclined, so that the combustible mass discharged at one of their ends progresses along the slope. To do this, and also so as to obtain a good distribution of the combustible mass along the grid, a mixing of this mass is generally necessary.
  • This mixing is generally carried out by a movement of the individual grid elements which move relative to one another. Asperities, or a particular arrangement (in staircase, for example) allow the elements to modify the surface of the grid according to their respective movements. Brewing is thus achieved.
  • the elements are arranged to supply air to the combustible mass.
  • the support grid elements are therefore generally provided with orifices allowing the primary air blown below the grid to supply the combustion with oxygen.
  • a second problem which arises is that created by the lifting of the mobile elements, which can intervene by the accidental insertion between two elements of a waste.
  • the lifting of an element has two effects: it disrupts the oxygen supply, and it allows an element to penetrate under the grid, possibly in the primary air supply means. Increasing the weight of each element would obviate this drawback, but other problems, in particular of construction, would then arise.
  • Another difficulty comes from the excessive quantity of fly ash that can be produced, causing rapid fouling of the parts of the incineration plant located above the hearth.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a new hearth grid.
  • the invention provides a grate of the kind intended to support a combustible mass, in particular in a waste incineration apparatus, comprising a plurality of elements arranged in alternately fixed and movable transverse rows, grid generally inclined longitudinally d upstream downstream, the upstream corresponding to its end through which the combustible mass is brought, each element of said grid being rectangular in plan and having two faces, one called upper and the other called lower, orifices putting in communication on both sides, and comprising a so-called frontal protrusion projecting from the upper face near its upstream transverse side, protuberance of generally transverse orientation, grid characterized in that the orifices formed in each of the elements bringing the two faces into communication of each of the elements are all located on a so-called dorsal face and looking downstream of said protuberance frontal.
  • the combustion conditions provide increased efficiency, which makes it possible to reduce the relative speed of movement of the rows and therefore the wear of the grate.
  • the orifices are the only means of air communication between the bottom and the top of the grid.
  • all the elements of the same transverse row are integral and contiguous by their sides.
  • the individual element represented by FIGS. 1 and 2 under the reference number 10 consists of a part of generally rectangular shape in plan, comprising a front part constituted by a so-called frontal protuberance 11 projecting from the upper face, and having a forward inclined face 12 called the front face, a flat top 14, and a rear inclined face 13, called the dorsal face.
  • This protuberance of constant cross section, extends over the entire width of the element 10.
  • the element has a flat part 19 on the top.
  • a transverse groove 17 is formed under the element near its rear edge, and parallel to it.
  • a bearing edge 15 is formed by the thickness of the wall of the element, at its anterior end formed by a projection downwards from the front face 12.
  • the thickness of the element is constant in the exemplary embodiment illustrated.
  • the protuberance of the upper face therefore corresponds to a hollow in the lower face, also comprising a front face, a dorsal face and a bottom connecting these two faces.
  • Three calibrated orifices 20 pierce the wall forming the dorsal face 13 of the protuberance 11, in a direction substantially normal to the latter.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a hearth grid according to the invention produced from elements 10.
  • the grid has an end A called upstream, corresponding to the supply of waste constituting the combustible mass, and an opposite end B, said downstream, located at a lower level.
  • the grid consists of two parts, one fixed, the other mobile.
  • the mobile part comprises a frame-forming structure consisting of two parallel uprights 25 connected to each other by at least two spacers such as 26.
  • the uprights 25 rest on inclined planes 29, by means of rollers 28. These rollers are mounted on axes integral with the uprights 25, allowing them to roll on the inclined planes which correspond to them.
  • the uprights 25 have, at regular intervals, bosses 22 projecting from their upper part. On these bosses are fixed support cross members 21A with T section lying on the side.
  • the fixed part comprises a structure made up of support crosspieces 21B similar to the crosspieces 21A and parallel to them.
  • the support crosspieces 21B are fixed by oblique bars 21C secured to the body of the hearth.
  • the elements 10 come to bear on the support crosspieces 21A, 21B by their rear grooves 17, and on the upper face of the element preceding by the support flange 15.
  • the elements 10 are thus arranged contiguously in parallel rows, each row resting simultaneously on a support cross member 21A or 21B and on the previous row, in the manner of tiles.
  • the first row is supported on a fixed support cross member 21B on the one hand, and on a structural support 21 provided for this purpose in the body of the hearth, on the other hand.
  • a drive cylinder 30 is fixed to the front spacer 26, making it possible to move the frame-forming structure of the movable part in a reciprocating movement according to the direction and the amplitude of movement determined by the inclined planes 29 The amplitude of these movements is limited by the stops 31 which are provided with the inclined planes 29.
  • the mobile structure being integral with the rows of elements 10 which it supports, the whole of the mobile part moves according to the movement of back and forth controlled by cylinder 30.
  • the grid is bordered laterally (FIG. 5) by two housings 34 of U section which cover the rollers 28 and the inclined planes 29. The lateral edges of these housings are joined with the cheeks 16 of the elements 10 immediately adjacent.
  • These casings 34 are made up of a succession of jumpers 32 resting on a spar 33.
  • a grid can also be made up of several sets of rows of elements 10, each set being separated from the adjacent set by a casing 34.
  • the faces 13 inclined towards the rear of the protrusions 11 are due to the inclination of the grid, in a position making an angle of about 15 * with respect to the vertical. This has the effect of preventing waste or combustion products from sticking together on said faces. Thus, the orifices 20 remain free from any blockage.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Incineration Of Waste (AREA)
  • Storage Of Fruits Or Vegetables (AREA)

Abstract

Une grille de foyer est réalisée à partir d'une succession de rangées d'éléments individuels (10), rangées alternativement fixes et mobiles. Les éléments présentent des orifices (20) destinés au passage de l'air primaire à travers la grille. Ces orifices sont orientés horizontalement dans la position de fonctionnement de la grille, et débouchent d'un plan sensiblement vertical.A hearth grid is produced from a succession of rows of individual elements (10), rows which are alternately fixed and mobile. The elements have orifices (20) intended for the passage of primary air through the grid. These orifices are oriented horizontally in the operating position of the grid, and open out from a substantially vertical plane.

Description

La présente invention concerne une grille de foyer destinée à supporter la masse combustible dans un four, notamment pour l'incinération des déchets. La présente invention concerne également les éléments individuels qui constituent cette grille.The present invention relates to a hearth grate intended to support the combustible mass in an oven, in particular for the incineration of waste. The present invention also relates to the individual elements which constitute this grid.

On connait des grilles de support de masse combustible qui sont généralement du type comportant une pluralité d'éléments individuels identiques entre eux. Ces grilles sont généralement inclinées, de manière à ce que la masse combustible déversée à une de leurs extrémités progresse le long de la pente. Pour ce faire, et aussi de manière à obtenir une bonne répartition de la masse combustible le long de la grille, un brassage de cette masse est généralement nécessaire.Fuel grids are known which are generally of the type comprising a plurality of individual elements which are identical to each other. These grids are generally inclined, so that the combustible mass discharged at one of their ends progresses along the slope. To do this, and also so as to obtain a good distribution of the combustible mass along the grid, a mixing of this mass is generally necessary.

Ce brassage est généralement réalisé par un mouvement des éléments individuels de grille qui se déplacent les uns par rapport aux autres. Des aspérités, ou une disposition particulière (en escalier, par exemple) permettent aux éléments de modifier la surface de la grille à mesure de leurs mouvements respectifs. Le brassage est donc ainsi réalisé.This mixing is generally carried out by a movement of the individual grid elements which move relative to one another. Asperities, or a particular arrangement (in staircase, for example) allow the elements to modify the surface of the grid according to their respective movements. Brewing is thus achieved.

Une telle grille est notamment décrite par le document FR-A-1567605 (J. Martin).Such a grid is described in particular in document FR-A-1567605 (J. Martin).

Dans d'autres réalisations, les éléments sont agencés pour assurer l'alimentation en air de la masse combustible. On peut se référer notamment au brevet FR N* 1 006 739 décrivant un système de communication d'air s'établissant entre éléments adjacents lors de leurs déplacements longitudinaux relatifs.In other embodiments, the elements are arranged to supply air to the combustible mass. One can refer in particular to patent FR N * 1 006 739 describing an air communication system being established between adjacent elements during their relative longitudinal displacements.

Le problème principal de l'incinération de produits tels que les déchets réside dans le dégagement de sulfures, qui tendent à créer des dépôts du fait de leur point de fusion plus bas que celui de leur produit d'oxydation. Ils contribuent en outre, majoritairement, à rendre le milieu extrêmement corrosif, ce qui tend à créer des problèmes de longévité pour l'ensemble de l'installation d'incinération. Il importe ainsi de promouvoir la transformation de ces sulfures (CaS, Na2S, FeS notamment) en sulfates ou oxydes solides correspondants et aménager à cet effet les conditions de combustion en assurant une combustion aussi régulière et totale que possible.The main problem with the incineration of products such as waste resides in the release of sulphides, which tend to create deposits due to their lower melting point than that of their product. oxidation. They also contribute, for the most part, to making the environment extremely corrosive, which tends to create longevity problems for the entire incineration plant. It is thus important to promote the transformation of these sulphides (CaS, Na2S, FeS in particular) into sulphates or corresponding solid oxides and to this end adjust the combustion conditions by ensuring as regular and total combustion as possible.

Les éléments de grille de support sont donc généralement munis d'orifices permettant à l'air primaire soufflé en-dessous de la grille de venir alimenter la combustion en oxygène.The support grid elements are therefore generally provided with orifices allowing the primary air blown below the grid to supply the combustion with oxygen.

On connait de tels éléments de grille par le document DE-U-6 905 562 (Ç. PETERS AG).Such grid elements are known from document DE-U-6 905 562 (Ç. PETERS AG).

Cependant, les grilles réalisées d'éléments percés d'orifices en nombre très important ne permettent pas de bien contrôler la quantité d'air primaire apportée.However, the grids made of elements pierced with orifices in very large numbers do not allow good control of the quantity of primary air supplied.

Ceci est important, car l'excès d'air primaire n'est pas plus favorable à une bonne combustion que son défaut.This is important because the excess of primary air is no more favorable for good combustion than its defect.

Le problème qui se pose est le bouchage des orifices d'amenée d'air par le dépôt des sulfures eux-mêmes, ou par des éléments encore non brûlés de la masse combustible. Ceci modifie de façon aléatoire l'apport en oxygène, ce qui affecte la combustion.The problem which arises is the blocking of the air intake orifices by the deposition of the sulphides themselves, or by elements which are not yet burnt from the combustible mass. This randomly changes the oxygen supply, which affects combustion.

Un deuxième problème qui se pose est celui créé par le soulèvement des éléments mobiles, qui peut intervenir par l'insertion accidentelle entre deux éléments d'un déchet. Le soulèvement d'un élément a deux effets : il dérègle l'apport en oxygène, et il permet à un élément de pénétrer sous la grille, éventuellement dans les moyens d'alimentation en air primaire. L'accroissement du poids de chaque élément permettrait d'obvier à cet inconvénient, mais d'autres problèmes, de construction notamment, se poseraient alors.A second problem which arises is that created by the lifting of the mobile elements, which can intervene by the accidental insertion between two elements of a waste. The lifting of an element has two effects: it disrupts the oxygen supply, and it allows an element to penetrate under the grid, possibly in the primary air supply means. Increasing the weight of each element would obviate this drawback, but other problems, in particular of construction, would then arise.

Un autre problème qui se pose également est celui de l'échauffement anormal des éléments : en cas d'obturation des orifices permettant le passage de l'air à travers un élément, celui-ci s'échauffe anormalement, avec toutes les conséquences impliquées : détérioration rapide et/ou dilatation excessive entraînant un grippage avec les éléments voisins.Another problem that also arises is that abnormal heating of the elements: if the orifices allow air to pass through an element, it will heat up abnormally, with all the consequences involved: rapid deterioration and / or excessive expansion leading to seizure with neighboring elements.

Par ailleurs, une autre difficulté vient de la quantité excessive de cendres volantes qui peuvent être produites, provoquant l'encrassement rapide des parties de l'installation d'incinération situées au-dessus du foyer.Another difficulty comes from the excessive quantity of fly ash that can be produced, causing rapid fouling of the parts of the incineration plant located above the hearth.

Le but de la présente invention est de remédier à ces inconvénients, en proposant une nouvelle grille de foyer.The object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a new hearth grid.

L'invention propose à cet effet une grille de foyer du genre destinée à supporter une masse combustible, notamment dans un appareil d'incinération de déchets, comportant une pluralité d'éléments disposés en rangées transversales alternativement fixes et mobiles, grille globalement inclinée longitudinalement d'amont en aval, l'amont correspondant à son extrémité par laquelle est amenée la masse combustible, chaque élément de ladite grille étant rectangulaire en plan et présentant deux faces, l'une dite supérieure et l'autre dite inférieure, des orifices mettant en communication les deux faces, et comportant une protubérance dite frontale en saillie de la face supérieure à proximité de son côté transversal amont, protubérance d'orientation générale transversale, grille caractérisée en ce que les orifices ménagés dans chacun des éléments mettant en communication les deux faces de chacun des éléments sont tous situés sur une face dite dorsale et regardant vers l'aval de ladite protubérance frontale.To this end, the invention provides a grate of the kind intended to support a combustible mass, in particular in a waste incineration apparatus, comprising a plurality of elements arranged in alternately fixed and movable transverse rows, grid generally inclined longitudinally d upstream downstream, the upstream corresponding to its end through which the combustible mass is brought, each element of said grid being rectangular in plan and having two faces, one called upper and the other called lower, orifices putting in communication on both sides, and comprising a so-called frontal protrusion projecting from the upper face near its upstream transverse side, protuberance of generally transverse orientation, grid characterized in that the orifices formed in each of the elements bringing the two faces into communication of each of the elements are all located on a so-called dorsal face and looking downstream of said protuberance frontal.

De cette manière, plusieurs avantages sont combinés pour assurer les meilleurs conditions possibles de combustion des déchets :

  • - Le mouvement de va et vient relatif des rangées transversales implique le même mouvement aux protubérances frontales, qui procurent ainsi un brassage et un retournement permenent des déchets.
  • - La disposition sur la face dorsale des orifices évite que, lors du brassage des déchets, ceux-ci ne viennent obturer les orifices.
In this way, several advantages are combined to ensure the best possible conditions for waste combustion:
  • - The relative back and forth movement of the rows transverse involves the same movement at the front protrusions, which thus provide permanent mixing and reversal of waste.
  • - The arrangement on the dorsal side of the orifices prevents that, during the mixing of the waste, it does not come to close the orifices.

Ainsi, la circulation de l'air entre du dessous vers le dessus de la grille sont assurés sans que le brassage de la masse combustibles ne vienne l'altérer.Thus, the circulation of air between from below to the top of the grate is ensured without the stirring of the combustible mass coming to alter it.

De cette manière, les conditions de combustion assurent un rendement accru, ce qui permet de réduire la vitesse de déplacement relatif des rangées et donc l'usure de la grille.In this way, the combustion conditions provide increased efficiency, which makes it possible to reduce the relative speed of movement of the rows and therefore the wear of the grate.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, les orifices sont les seuls moyens de communication de l'air entre le dessous et le dessus de la grille.According to another aspect of the invention, the orifices are the only means of air communication between the bottom and the top of the grid.

Ainsi, il est possible de déterminer la quantité d'air primaire apportée à la masse combustible afin de réaliser les meilleures conditions de combustion.Thus, it is possible to determine the quantity of primary air supplied to the combustible mass in order to achieve the best combustion conditions.

Selon un autre aspect de l'invention, tous les éléments d'une même rangée transversale sont solidaires et jointifs par leurs flancs.According to another aspect of the invention, all the elements of the same transverse row are integral and contiguous by their sides.

Ceci permet d'empêcher le soulèvement d'un élément individuel grâce à la masse totale de toute une rangée ainsi solidarisée.This makes it possible to prevent the lifting of an individual element thanks to the total mass of an entire row thus secured.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention ressortiront de la description qui va suivre concernant une forme de réalisation préférentielle de l'invention représentée à titre d'exemple non limitatif sur les dessins annexés dans lesquels,

  • La figure 1 est une vue en perspective, partiellement arrachée, d'un élément de grille selon l'invention,
  • La figure 2 est une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un élément de grille selon l'invention.
  • Les figures 3 et 4 sont des vues en élévation latérale d'une grille selon l'invention, les rangées mobiles étant en position haute ou basse respectivement,
  • La figure 5 est une vue en perspective d'une grille selon l'invention dont plusieurs éléments ont été retirés.
Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will emerge from the description which follows concerning a preferred embodiment of the invention shown by way of nonlimiting example in the appended drawings in which,
  • FIG. 1 is a partially cut away perspective view of a grid element according to the invention,
  • Figure 2 is a longitudinal sectional view of a grid element according to the invention.
  • Figures 3 and 4 are side elevational views of a grid according to the invention, the rows mobile being in the high or low position respectively,
  • Figure 5 is a perspective view of a grid according to the invention from which several elements have been removed.

L'élément individuel représenté par les figures 1 et 2 sous le numéro de référence 10 est constitué d'une pièce de forme généralement rectangulaire en plan, comportant une partie antérieure constituée d'une protubérance dite frontale 11 en saillie sur la face supérieure, et présentant une face inclinée vers l'avant 12 dite face frontale, un sommet plat 14, et une face inclinée vers l'arrière 13, dite face dorsale.The individual element represented by FIGS. 1 and 2 under the reference number 10 consists of a part of generally rectangular shape in plan, comprising a front part constituted by a so-called frontal protuberance 11 projecting from the upper face, and having a forward inclined face 12 called the front face, a flat top 14, and a rear inclined face 13, called the dorsal face.

Cette protubérance, de section transversale constante, s'étend sur toute la largeur de l'élément 10.This protuberance, of constant cross section, extends over the entire width of the element 10.

A la suite de cette protubérance frontale, vers l'arrière, l'élément présente une partie plane 19 sur le dessus. Une rainure transversale 17 est ménagée sous l'élément à proximité de son arête postérieure, et parallèlement à celle-ci.Following this frontal protuberance, towards the rear, the element has a flat part 19 on the top. A transverse groove 17 is formed under the element near its rear edge, and parallel to it.

Un bord d'appui 15 est constitué par l'épaisseur de la paroi de l'élément, à son extrémité antérieure constitué par une saillie vers le bas de la face frontale 12.A bearing edge 15 is formed by the thickness of the wall of the element, at its anterior end formed by a projection downwards from the front face 12.

Cette saillie étant sensiblement normale au plan général de l'élément 10, le bord d'appui est sensiblement parallèle à ce plan.This projection being substantially normal to the general plane of the element 10, the bearing edge is substantially parallel to this plane.

L'épaisseur de l'élément est constante dans l'exemple de réalisation illustré. A la protubérance de la face supérieure correspond donc un creux dans la face inférieure, comportant également une face frontale, une face dorsale et un fond reliant ces deux faces. Deux joues latérales 16, sensiblement planes et en saillies de la face inférieure, bordent l'élément. Ces joues sont percées d'ouvertures 18 situées à l'aplomb du sommet plat 14 de la protubérance 11.The thickness of the element is constant in the exemplary embodiment illustrated. The protuberance of the upper face therefore corresponds to a hollow in the lower face, also comprising a front face, a dorsal face and a bottom connecting these two faces. Two side cheeks 16, substantially flat and projecting from the underside, border the element. These cheeks are pierced with openings 18 situated directly above the flat top 14 of the protuberance 11.

Ces deux ouvertures 18 sont symétriques par rapport à un plan longitudinal médian de l'élément 10, et permettent le passage d'une tige 18' qui solidarise, dans la grille, des éléments adjacents (fig.5).These two openings 18 are symmetrical with respect to a median longitudinal plane of the element 10, and allow the passage of a rod 18 'which secures, in the grid, adjacent elements (fig. 5).

Trois orifices calibrés 20 transpercent la paroi formant la face dorsale 13 de la protubérance 11, selon une direction sensiblement normale à celle-ci.Three calibrated orifices 20 pierce the wall forming the dorsal face 13 of the protuberance 11, in a direction substantially normal to the latter.

Les figures 3 et 4 illustrent une grille de foyer selon l'invention réalisée à partir d'éléments 10.FIGS. 3 and 4 illustrate a hearth grid according to the invention produced from elements 10.

D'une manière générale, la grille comporte une extrémité A dite amont, correspondant à l'amenée des déchets constituant la masse combustible, et une extrémité opposée B, dite aval, située à un niveau inférieur.In general, the grid has an end A called upstream, corresponding to the supply of waste constituting the combustible mass, and an opposite end B, said downstream, located at a lower level.

En pratique, disposés dans la grille, les parties dites frontales de chaque élément sont tournées vers l'amont, et les parties dites dorsales sont tournées vers l'aval.In practice, arranged in the grid, the so-called front parts of each element are turned upstream, and the so-called back parts are turned downstream.

La grille est constituée en deux parties, l'une fixe, l'autre mobile.The grid consists of two parts, one fixed, the other mobile.

La partie mobile comporte une structure formant cadre constituée de deux montants parallèles 25 reliés entre eux par au moins deux entretoises tels que 26. Les montants 25 reposent sur des plans inclinés 29, par l'intermédiaire de galets 28. Ces galets sont montés sur des axes solidaires des montants 25, leur permettant de rouler sur les plans inclinés qui leur correspondent. Les montants 25 comportent, à intervalles réguliers, des bossages 22 en saillie sur leur partie supérieure. Sur ces bossages sont fixées des traverses de support 21A à section en T couchées sur le côté.The mobile part comprises a frame-forming structure consisting of two parallel uprights 25 connected to each other by at least two spacers such as 26. The uprights 25 rest on inclined planes 29, by means of rollers 28. These rollers are mounted on axes integral with the uprights 25, allowing them to roll on the inclined planes which correspond to them. The uprights 25 have, at regular intervals, bosses 22 projecting from their upper part. On these bosses are fixed support cross members 21A with T section lying on the side.

La partie fixe comporte une structure constituée de traverses de support 21B semblables aux traverses 21A et parallèles à celles-ci. Les traverses de support 21B sont fixées par des barres obliques 21C solidaires du corps du foyer.The fixed part comprises a structure made up of support crosspieces 21B similar to the crosspieces 21A and parallel to them. The support crosspieces 21B are fixed by oblique bars 21C secured to the body of the hearth.

Les éléments 10 viennent s'appuyer sur les traverses de support 21A, 21B par leurs rainures postérieures 17, et sur la face supérieure de l'élément précédent par le rebord d'appui 15. Les éléments 10 sont ainsi disposés jointivement en rangées parallèles, chaque rangée s'appuyant simultanément sur une traverse de support 21A ou 21B et sur la rangée précédente, à la manière des tuiles.The elements 10 come to bear on the support crosspieces 21A, 21B by their rear grooves 17, and on the upper face of the element preceding by the support flange 15. The elements 10 are thus arranged contiguously in parallel rows, each row resting simultaneously on a support cross member 21A or 21B and on the previous row, in the manner of tiles.

La première rangée s'appuie sur une traverse de support fixe 21B d'une part, et sur un support de structure 21 ménagé à cet effet dans le corps du foyer, d'autre part.The first row is supported on a fixed support cross member 21B on the one hand, and on a structural support 21 provided for this purpose in the body of the hearth, on the other hand.

Un vérin d'entraînement 30 est fixé à l'entretoise 26 antérieure, permettant de déplacer la structure formant cadre de la partie mobile dans un mouvement de va-et-vient selon la direction et l'amplitude de déplacement déterminées par les plans inclinés 29. L'amplitude de ces déplacements est limitée par les butées 31 dont sont munis les plans inclinés 29. La structure mobile étant solidaire des rangées d'éléments 10 qu'elle supporte, l'ensemble de la partie mobile se déplace selon le mouvement de va-et-vient commandé par le vérin 30.A drive cylinder 30 is fixed to the front spacer 26, making it possible to move the frame-forming structure of the movable part in a reciprocating movement according to the direction and the amplitude of movement determined by the inclined planes 29 The amplitude of these movements is limited by the stops 31 which are provided with the inclined planes 29. The mobile structure being integral with the rows of elements 10 which it supports, the whole of the mobile part moves according to the movement of back and forth controlled by cylinder 30.

La grille est bordée latéralement (Fig. 5) de deux carters 34 à section en U qui recouvrent les galets 28 et les plans inclinés 29. Les bords latéraux de ces carters sont jointifs avec les joues 16 des éléments 10 immédiatement adjacents. Ces carters 34 sont constitués d'une succession de cavaliers 32 reposant sur un longeron 33. Une grille peut également être constituée de plusieurs ensembles de rangées d'éléments 10, chaque ensemble étant séparé de l'ensemble adjacent par un carter 34.The grid is bordered laterally (FIG. 5) by two housings 34 of U section which cover the rollers 28 and the inclined planes 29. The lateral edges of these housings are joined with the cheeks 16 of the elements 10 immediately adjacent. These casings 34 are made up of a succession of jumpers 32 resting on a spar 33. A grid can also be made up of several sets of rows of elements 10, each set being separated from the adjacent set by a casing 34.

Ces carters ont pour fonction d'éviter une communication d'air incontrôlée entre le dessous et le dessus de la grille.The purpose of these housings is to avoid uncontrolled air communication between the underside and the top of the grille.

Lorsque les déchets sont déversés de manière à tomber sur les premières rangées d'éléments de la grille, le mouvement de va-et-vient des rangées mobiles s'appuyant sur les rangées fixes met en mouvement lesdits déchets. Les protubérances frontales 11, par ce mouvement de va-et-vient, réalisent un brassage de la masse des déchets, qui est mise en combustion. L'inclinaison de la grille les amène à progresser lentement, par gravité, le long de celle-ci, d'amonten aval.When the waste is discharged so as to fall on the first rows of elements of the grid, the reciprocating movement of the movable rows resting on the fixed rows sets in motion the said rows waste. The front protrusions 11, by this back-and-forth movement, effect mixing of the mass of waste, which is put into combustion. The inclination of the grid causes them to progress slowly, by gravity, along it, from upstream to downstream.

La solidarisation par la tige 18' des éléments adjacents dans une rangée empêche le soulèvement individuel d'un élément dû à une éventuelle insertion d'un déchet: chaque élément étant solidarisé, une telle insertion impliquerait le soulèvement de toute la rangée, ce que son poids interdit.The joining by the rod 18 ′ of the adjacent elements in a row prevents the individual lifting of an element due to a possible insertion of a waste: each element being joined, such an insertion would imply the lifting of the whole row, which its weight prohibited.

Les faces 13 inclinées vers l'arrière des protubérances 11 se trouvent du fait de l'inclinaison de la grille, dans une position faisant un angle d'environ 15* par rapport à la verticale. Ceci a pour effet d'empêcher les déchets ou les produits de combustion de s'agglutiner sur lesdites faces. Ainsi, les orifices 20, restent libres de tout bouchage.The faces 13 inclined towards the rear of the protrusions 11 are due to the inclination of the grid, in a position making an angle of about 15 * with respect to the vertical. This has the effect of preventing waste or combustion products from sticking together on said faces. Thus, the orifices 20 remain free from any blockage.

Ces orifices, étant directement au contact de la masse des déchets, permettent un apport local en air primaire, nécessaire à une bonne combustion. L'air primaire est fourni par une soufflerie située sous la grille. Les éléments 10 étant jointifs, l'air primaire est amené à passer uniquement par les orifices 20, ce qui permet d'en contrôler à la fois le débit et l'orientation des orifices 20 détermine celle des jets d'air primaire qui viennent à travers la grille. Cette orientation d'environ 15* par rapport à l'horizontale est importante en ce que les jets d'air tendent à volatiliser des cendres qui, si ces jets sont dirigés selon une direction plus proche de la verticale ont tendance à monter et encrasser les structures supérieures du foyer. L'orientation de ces jets permet donc d'éviter cet inconvénient.These orifices, being directly in contact with the mass of waste, allow a local supply of primary air, necessary for good combustion. The primary air is supplied by a blower located under the grid. The elements 10 being contiguous, the primary air is caused to pass only through the orifices 20, which makes it possible to control both the flow rate and the orientation of the orifices 20 determines that of the primary air jets which come to through the gate. This orientation of about 15 * relative to the horizontal is important in that the air jets tend to volatilize ash which, if these jets are directed in a direction closer to the vertical tend to rise and foul the upper hearth structures. The orientation of these jets therefore makes it possible to avoid this drawback.

Les avantages obtenus grâce à l'invention permettent une diminution du phénomène de volatilisation des cendres incandescentes et donc des dépôts consécutifs sur la structure supérieure du foyer, d'une part, et une meilleure combustion obtenue grâce à un apport régulier en air primaire, et donc un meilleur rendement ainsi qu'une diminution de la corrosion due aux sulfures, d'autre part.The advantages obtained thanks to the invention allow a reduction in the phenomenon of volatilization of incandescent ash and therefore of consecutive deposits on the upper structure of the hearth, on the one hand, and better combustion obtained thanks to a regular supply of primary air, and therefore better efficiency as well as a reduction in corrosion due to sulphides, on the other hand.

De plus, une amélioration de la combustion permet de réduire la vitesse de brassage de la masse combustible, et donc de glissement des éléments les uns sur les autres. Ceci permet d'en réduire l'usure.In addition, an improvement in combustion makes it possible to reduce the speed at which the combustible mass is stirred, and therefore the elements slide over one another. This reduces wear.

D'autres variantes d'exécution peuvent également être réalisées sans sortir du cadre de l'invention. Par exemple, les rangées d'éléments individuels accolés pourraient être remplacées par des éléments uniques, réalisés en profilés, chaque élément s'étendant sur une partie plus ou moins importante, voire la totalité de la largeur de la grille.Other alternative embodiments can also be produced without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the rows of attached individual elements could be replaced by single elements, produced in sections, each element extending over a more or less significant part, or even the entire width of the grid.

Claims (9)

1. Grille de foyer destinée à supporter une masse combustible, notamment dans un appareil d'incinération de déchets, comportant une pluralité d'éléments (10) disposés en rangées transversales alternativement fixes et mobiles, grille globalement inclinée longitudinalement d'amont en aval, l'amont correspondant à son extrémité par laquelle est amenée la masse combustible, chaque élément de ladite grille étant rectangulaire en plan et présentant deux faces, l'une dite supérieure et l'autre dite inférieure des orifices (20) mettant en communication les deux faces, et comportant une protubérance dite frontale (11) en saillie de la face supérieure à proximité de son côté transversal amont, protubérance d'orientation générale transversale, grille caractérisée en ce que les orifices (20) ménagés dans chacun des éléments mettant en communication les deux faces de chacun des éléments sont tous situés sur une face dite dorsale (13) et regardant vers l'aval de ladite protubérance frontale.1. Hearth grate intended to support a combustible mass, in particular in a waste incineration apparatus, comprising a plurality of elements (10) arranged in alternately fixed and movable transverse rows, grate generally inclined longitudinally from upstream to downstream, the upstream corresponding to its end through which the combustible mass is brought, each element of said grid being rectangular in plan and having two faces, one called upper and the other called lower orifices (20) connecting the two faces, and comprising a so-called frontal protuberance (11) projecting from the upper face near its upstream transverse side, protuberance of generally transverse orientation, grid characterized in that the orifices (20) formed in each of the elements bringing into communication the two faces of each of the elements are all located on a so-called dorsal face (13) and looking downstream of said front protuberance. 2. Grille de foyer selon la revendication 1 caractérisée en ce que lesdits orifices (20) sont les seuls moyens de communication de l'air entre le dessous et le dessus de la grille.2. Hearth grate according to claim 1 characterized in that said orifices (20) are the only means of air communication between the bottom and the top of the grate. 3. Grille de foyer selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2 caractérisée en ce que tous les éléments (10) d'une même rangée transversale sont solidaires et jointifs par leurs flancs.3. Hearth grate according to claim 1 or claim 2 characterized in that all the elements (10) of the same transverse row are integral and joined by their sides. 4. Grille de foyer selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que les orifices (20) constituent des conduits parallèles entre eux, d'orientation longitudinale et formant un angle aigu faible par rapport à l'horizontale vers le haut dans le sens allant du dessous de la grille vers le dessus de la grille.4. Hearth grate according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the orifices (20) constitute conduits parallel to each other, of longitudinal orientation and forming a small acute angle with respect to the horizontal upwards in the direction from below the grid to the top of the grid. 5. Grille de foyer selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que l'angle d'orientation des conduits par rapport à l'horizontale est d'environ 15*.5. Hearth grate according to claim 4, characterized in that the orientation angle of the conduits from the horizontal is about 15 * . 6. Grille de foyer selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que chaque élément comporte un rebord dit d'appui, globalement transversal et dont l'arête antérieure forme le bord antérieur de l'élément, rebord apte à glisser sur la face dorsale de l'élément lui correspondant dans la rangée immédiatement antérieure.6. Hearth grate according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each element comprises a so-called support rim, generally transverse and the anterior edge of which forms the anterior edge of the element, rim capable of sliding on the dorsal side of the corresponding element in the immediately preceding row. 7. Grille de foyer selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes caractérisée en ce que les éléments mobiles d'une rangée s'appuient par une rainure (17) ménagée dans leur face inférieure à proximité de leur extrémité aval sur une traverse de support (21A) mobile, toutes les traverses de support mobiles étant solidaires à une structure formant cadre attelé à un moyen d'entrainement (30).7. Firebox grate according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movable elements of a row are supported by a groove (17) formed in their lower face near their downstream end on a support crosspiece ( 21A) mobile, all the mobile support crosspieces being integral with a structure forming a frame coupled to a drive means (30). 8. Grille de foyer selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le mouvement imprimé aux traverses de support par le moyen d'entraînement est un mouvement de va et vient tel que les rebords d'appui des éléments glissent alternativement en avant et en arrière sur la face supérieure de l'élément immédiatement précédent.8. Hearth grate according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the movement imparted to the support crosspieces by the drive means is a back and forth movement such that the support flanges of the elements slide alternately in back and forth on the upper side of the immediately preceding item. 9. Grille de foyer selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que chaque rangée transversale est constituée d'un seul élément profilé s'étendant sur toute ou partie de la largeur de la grille.9. Hearth grate according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each transverse row consists of a single profiled element extending over all or part of the width of the grate.
EP85402272A 1984-11-30 1985-11-22 Furnace grate provided with elements which permit a better control of the primary air supply Expired EP0191254B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8418269A FR2574160A1 (en) 1984-11-30 1984-11-30 FIREPLACE GRILLE MADE FROM ELEMENTS ALLOWING IMPROVED CONTROL OF THE PRIMARY AIR SUPPLY
FR8418269 1984-11-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0191254A1 true EP0191254A1 (en) 1986-08-20
EP0191254B1 EP0191254B1 (en) 1988-09-07

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EP85402272A Expired EP0191254B1 (en) 1984-11-30 1985-11-22 Furnace grate provided with elements which permit a better control of the primary air supply

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US (1) US4671190A (en)
EP (1) EP0191254B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH0692813B2 (en)
CA (1) CA1264988A (en)
DE (1) DE3564856D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2574160A1 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS61134520A (en) 1986-06-21
US4671190A (en) 1987-06-09
FR2574160A1 (en) 1986-06-06
JPH0692813B2 (en) 1994-11-16
CA1264988A (en) 1990-01-30
DE3564856D1 (en) 1988-10-13
EP0191254B1 (en) 1988-09-07

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