EP1579075B1 - System for transferring loads between cast-in-place slabs - Google Patents

System for transferring loads between cast-in-place slabs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1579075B1
EP1579075B1 EP03815398A EP03815398A EP1579075B1 EP 1579075 B1 EP1579075 B1 EP 1579075B1 EP 03815398 A EP03815398 A EP 03815398A EP 03815398 A EP03815398 A EP 03815398A EP 1579075 B1 EP1579075 B1 EP 1579075B1
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Prior art keywords
slab
along
axis
plate
sheath
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EP03815398A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1579075A1 (en
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Michel Hugues
Paul Roland
Alain Di Biagi
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E01—CONSTRUCTION OF ROADS, RAILWAYS, OR BRIDGES
    • E01C—CONSTRUCTION OF, OR SURFACES FOR, ROADS, SPORTS GROUNDS, OR THE LIKE; MACHINES OR AUXILIARY TOOLS FOR CONSTRUCTION OR REPAIR
    • E01C11/00—Details of pavings
    • E01C11/02—Arrangement or construction of joints; Methods of making joints; Packing for joints
    • E01C11/04—Arrangement or construction of joints; Methods of making joints; Packing for joints for cement concrete paving
    • E01C11/14—Dowel assembly ; Design or construction of reinforcements in the area of joints

Definitions

  • This invention allows the transfer of loads between two contiguous concrete slab areas, cast at different times (construction joint or pouring joint).
  • the invention allows the transfer of vertical loads, while allowing the relative movements of each slab portion in a horizontal plane and along all axes (perpendicular and parallel to the joint).
  • the maximum area of a so-called casting zone is generally of the order of 1000 to 1500 m 2 .
  • the invention makes it possible to ensure the transition between two contiguous concrete pavement zones, executed at different periods while avoiding, with respect to the "PERMABAN" joint, that the joint thus obtained does not wind.
  • the invention proposes a system as defined by claim 1.
  • Advantageous embodiments of the system according to the invention are defined in the dependent claims 2 to 10.
  • This sheet has a fold at the base, giving it rigidity.
  • the height h of this sheet shall be the nominal thickness of the pavement minus 1 cm to absorb the planimetric tolerance of the slab support form ( ⁇ 1 cm).
  • This arrangement allows the transfer of loads along the z axis, but the free withdrawal of the concrete along the x and y axes.
  • the Figures 7a to 7c represent other examples of bidirectional lattice type beams.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Road Paving Structures (AREA)
  • On-Site Construction Work That Accompanies The Preparation And Application Of Concrete (AREA)
  • Seal Device For Vehicle (AREA)

Abstract

The system has two profiles placed in a steel plate to reinforce angles between a slab surface and a joint plane. A jack has a screw to adjust the altitude of joint at every junction of a joint section. Assembly plates permits the transfer of vertical loads, and allows free movement along the x-axis and y-axis of two concrete slabs. A wire mesh with a fold is utilized for framing the slab sides.

Description

DOMAINE TECHNIQUE DE L'INVENTIONTECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

Cette invention permet le transfert de charges entre deux zones de dallages en béton contiguës, coulées à des périodes différentes (joint de construction ou joint de coulage).This invention allows the transfer of loads between two contiguous concrete slab areas, cast at different times (construction joint or pouring joint).

L'invention permet le transfert de charges verticales, en autorisant toutefois les mouvements relatifs de chaque portion de dalle dans un plan horizontal et selon tous les axes (perpendiculaire et parallèle au joint).The invention allows the transfer of vertical loads, while allowing the relative movements of each slab portion in a horizontal plane and along all axes (perpendicular and parallel to the joint).

ETAT DE LA TECHNIQUE ANTERIEURESTATE OF THE PRIOR ART Exposé de la problématique à résoudrePresentation of the problem to be solved

Les dallages en béton de grandes dimensions doivent être fractionnés pour permettre les mouvements liés au retrait et aux dilatations, mais aussi en fonction des quantités de dallage qu'il est possible d'exécuter dans une journée de travail. La surface maximale d'une zone dite de coulage est en général de l'ordre de 1 000 à 1 500 m2.Large concrete slabs should be split to accommodate movement related to shrinkage and expansion, as well as the amount of paving that can be done in a day's work. The maximum area of a so-called casting zone is generally of the order of 1000 to 1500 m 2 .

Entre deux zones de coulage, il est nécessaire de concevoir un joint de transition qui offre différentes caractéristiques :

  1. 1) le coffrage entre une zone de coulage A et une zone de coulage B ;
  2. 2) les zones A et B, du fait du retrait du béton dans le temps, vont s'éloigner d'une valeur qui peut atteindre 10 à 15 mm. L'angle constitué entre le joint de coulage et la surface du dallage doit être protégé, pour résister aux chocs liés à la circulation des engins de manutention sur le dallage. Sans protection, cet angle serait rapidement épaufré.
  3. 3) les charges verticales (roulantes par exemple) doivent être transmises de la zone A vers la zone B et inversement, pour éviter les problèmes dits de « pianotage » des portions de dalle respectives ;
  4. 4) le transfert de charges verticales ne doit pas s'opposer au libre mouvement dans un plan horizontal de chaque portion de dalle.
Between two pour zones, it is necessary to design a transition joint that offers different characteristics:
  1. 1) the formwork between a casting zone A and a casting zone B;
  2. 2) Zones A and B, due to the removal of concrete over time, will move away from a value that can reach 10 to 15 mm. The angle formed between the casting joint and the pavement surface must be protected, to withstand shocks related to the movement of the handling equipment on the pavement. Without protection, this angle would be quickly blotched.
  3. 3) the vertical loads (rolling for example) must be transmitted from the zone A to the zone B and vice versa, to avoid the problems known as "strumming" of the respective portions of slab;
  4. 4) the transfer of vertical loads must not oppose the free movement in a horizontal plane of each slab portion.

Techniques antérieuresPrevious techniques 1) Le joint de construction claveté (fig. 1) 1) The keyed construction joint (Fig. 1)

Il s'agit d'un coffrage comportant une forme en V destiné au clavetage vertical des portions A et B (fig. 1). Cette solution ne permet pas le renfort de l'angle du joint (paragraphe 2 ci-dessus). De plus, après le retrait, la forme en V n'assure plus un clavetage vertical parfait, les phénomènes de pianotage subsistent.It is a formwork comprising a V-shape for vertical keying portions A and B ( Fig. 1 ). This solution does not allow the reinforcement of the joint angle (paragraph 2 above). In addition, after the withdrawal, the V-shape no longer provides a perfect vertical keying, the strumming phenomena remain.

2) Le joint de la figure 2 2) The seal of Figure 2

Cette technique permet :

  • 1° le coffrage entre A et B (tôle 2.1) ;
  • 2° le renfort des angles de joints à l'aide des deux cornières (2.2) mais il faut noter que très souvent, le béton n'ira pas combler le vide situé sous la cornière (zones 2.5 et 2.6) créant ici un défaut de solidité à l'origine de nombreux sinistres ;
  • 3° le transfert des charges verticales à l'aide des goujons (barre en acier 2.3) ;
  • 4° le libre mouvement des zones A et B dans le plan horizontal grâce au fourreau (2.4). Cependant, ce mouvement ne peut se faire que selon un axe perpendiculaire au joint -alors que le libre mouvement dans le plan horizontal doit être permis dans tous les axes, pour permettre le libre retrait du béton, en particulier dans les angles des différentes zones de coulage.
This technique allows:
  • 1 ° the formwork between A and B (sheet 2.1);
  • 2 ° the reinforcement of the joint angles using the two angles (2.2) but it should be noted that very often, the concrete will not fill the void located under the angle (zones 2.5 and 2.6) creating here a defect of solidity at the origin of many claims;
  • (3) the transfer of vertical loads by means of the studs (steel bar 2.3);
  • 4 ° the free movement of zones A and B in the horizontal plane thanks to the sheath (2.4). However, this movement can be done only along an axis perpendicular to the joint -alors that the free movement in the horizontal plane must be allowed in all the axes, to allow the free withdrawal of the concrete, in particular in the angles of the different zones of casting.

3) Le joint dit «PERMABAN» équipé de plaques de transfert «DIAMOND DOWEL» (fig. 3) 3) The seal called "PERMABAN" equipped with transfer plates "DIAMOND DOWEL" (fig 3)

Cette technique permet:

  • 1° le coffrage entre A et B (tôle 3.1) ;
  • 2° le renfort des angles de joints, à l'aide de deux fers plats (3.2). Il faut cependant noter que ces plats n'offrent qu'une faible inertie dans le plan horizontal. La mise en oeuvre est donc difficile, le système devant être maintenu de façon importante pendant le coulage. Souvent, ce type de joint, du fait de la poussée du béton, bouge et le joint « serpente » ;
  • 3° le transfert des charges verticales et le libre mouvement dans le plan horizontal selon tous les axes, grâce au système DIAMOND DOWEL (3.3).
This technique allows:
  • 1 ° the formwork between A and B (sheet 3.1);
  • 2 ° reinforcement of the joint angles, using two flat irons (3.2). It should be noted, however, that these dishes offer only low inertia in the horizontal plane. The implementation is difficult, the system to be maintained significantly during casting. Often, this type of joint, because of the thrust of the concrete, moves and the seal "snakes";
  • (3) the transfer of vertical loads and the free movement in the horizontal plane along all axes, thanks to the DIAMOND DOWEL system (3.3).

4) Le joint dit «OMEGA» (fig. 4) 4) The "OMEGA" seal (Fig. 4)

  • 1° le coffrage est assuré par les deux tôles (4.1) et 4.2) ;1 ° the formwork is provided by the two sheets (4.1) and 4.2);
  • 2° les angles du joint sont protégés par le sommet des tôles (4.2) et 4.1) ;(2) the corners of the joint are protected by the top of the plates (4.2) and 4.1);
  • 3° les charges verticales sont transmises par la clé continue (fer plat 4.3), mais le fait que cette forme parallèle au plan du dallage (fer plat 4.3) soit continue constitue une faiblesse du dallage, un risque de mauvaise répartition du béton, sous cette forme (zones 4.4 et 4.5) et une rupture selon les lignes (4.6) et 4.7).3 ° the vertical loads are transmitted by the continuous key (flat iron 4.3), but the fact that this shape parallel to the plane of the pavement (flat iron 4.3) is continuous constitutes a weakness of the pavement, a risk of bad distribution of the concrete, under this form (zones 4.4 and 4.5) and a break according to lines (4.6) and 4.7).

Le libre mouvement dans le plan horizontal est assuré dans tous les axes, sous réserve d'une horizontalité parfaite du fer plat (4.3), ce qui sous-entend une pose parfaite de l'ensemble du joint.The free movement in the horizontal plane is ensured in all axes, subject to a perfect horizontality of the flat iron (4.3), which implies a perfect installation of the entire joint.

EXPOSE DE L'INVENTIONSUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

L'invention permet d'assurer la transition entre deux zones de dallage en béton contiguës, exécutées à des périodes différentes tout en évitant, par rapport au joint « PERMABAN », que le joint ainsi obtenu ne serpente. L'invention propose un système tel que défini par la revendication 1. Des modes de réalisation avantageux du système selon l'invention sont définis dans les revendications dépendantes 2 à 10.The invention makes it possible to ensure the transition between two contiguous concrete pavement zones, executed at different periods while avoiding, with respect to the "PERMABAN" joint, that the joint thus obtained does not wind. The invention proposes a system as defined by claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the system according to the invention are defined in the dependent claims 2 to 10.

On connaissait déjà, d'après le document WO - 00/23653 ou d'après le document FR - A - 2 785 632 , un système comportant des pièces de renforcement, planes ou en cornière respectivement, munies de pattes de scellement. On connaissait par ailleurs, d'après le document WO - 03/069067 , un système comportant des tiges solidaires d'une dalle coopérant avec des manchons prévus dans une dalle adjacente. On connaissait également, d'après le document US - B1 - 6 354 053 , un système constitué de profilés complémentaires, de type mâle ou femelle (ou de type femelle et femelle coopérant avec une plaque) muni d'éléments tridimensionnels de renforcement. Enfin, on connaissait déjà, d'après le document DE - 202 995 U , un système comportant des cornières munies de jambages prenant appui sous les dalles.We already knew from the document WO - 00/23653 or according to the document FR - A - 2,785,632 , a system comprising reinforcing pieces, flat or angle respectively, provided with sealing tabs. We also knew from the document WO - 03/069067 , a system comprising integral rods of a slab cooperating with sleeves provided in an adjacent slab. It was also known from the document US - B1 - 6,354,053 , a system consisting of complementary profiles, male or female type (or female and female type cooperating with a plate) provided with three-dimensional reinforcement elements. Finally, we already knew from the document DE - 202,995 U , a system comprising brackets provided with jambs supporting under the slabs.

L'invention permet :

  • 1° le coffrage des rives du dallage, lors du coulage de la 1ère partie, à l'aide de la tôle (5.1).
The invention allows:
  • 1 formwork shores of paving, during casting of the part 1, with the plate (5.1).

Cette tôle comporte un pli à la base, lui donnant de la rigidité.This sheet has a fold at the base, giving it rigidity.

La hauteur h de cette tôle sera l'épaisseur nominale du dallage diminuée de 1 cm pour absorber la tolérance de planimétrie de la forme support du dallage (± 1 cm).The height h of this sheet shall be the nominal thickness of the pavement minus 1 cm to absorb the planimetric tolerance of the slab support form (± 1 cm).

Un vérin de réglage (5.2), constitué d'une simple vis, permet un réglage parfait en altitude du joint, à chaque jonction de tronçon de joint

  • 2° le renfort des angles situés entre la surface du dallage et le plan du joint à l'aide de deux fers plats disposés verticalement (la répartition du béton au long de ces profils est parfaite). La liaison entre ces fers plats avec chaque corps de dallage (A et B) se fait à l'aide d'une poutre de type treillis bidirectionnel (5.8) qui permet à la fois la liaison fer plat dallage, mais aussi d'assurer la rigidité des fers plats, lors de la pose et du coulage, évitant que le joint ne « serpente » dans le dallage. Cette liaison est complétée par une patte à scellement intermédiaire (5.5).
An adjustment cylinder (5.2), consisting of a single screw, allows a perfect adjustment in altitude of the joint, at each joint section junction
  • 2 ° reinforcement of the angles between the surface of the pavement and the plane of the joint using two flat irons arranged vertically (the distribution of the concrete along these profiles is perfect). The connection between these flat bars with each paving body (A and B) is made using a bidirectional trellis-type beam (5.8) which allows both the flat iron connection slab, but also to ensure the rigidity of flat irons, during laying and casting, avoiding that the seal "snakes" in the pavement. This connection is completed by an intermediate sealing lug (5.5).

La liaison provisoire entre les fers plats (5.3) et (5.4) est assurée avec des boulons en « Nylon » '5.6), destinés à se rompre lors du retrait du béton.

  • 3° le transfert des charges verticales (anti-pianotage) est assuré par des platines de clavetage (5.7) dont le fonctionnement est le suivant (fig. 6) :
  • un fourreau métallique (6.1) de section rectangulaire est soudé sur la tôle de coffrage (6.2), perpendiculairement à cette tôle, dans la zone de coulage A ;
  • une platine de clavetage (6.3), en acier de section rectangulaire est glissée dans le fourreau (6.1), cette platine se prolonge dans la zone de coulage B ;
  • la cote h de cette platine (6.3) permet un glissement sans jeu par rapport à la cote H intérieure du fourreau (6.1) ;
  • la cote 1 de cette platine 6.3 est largement inférieure (15 à 20 mm) à la cote L intérieure du fourreau (6.1).
  • la platine (6.3) est maintenue en position dans le fourreau (6.1) à l'aide de deux boulons (6.4) en « Nylon » de faible section destinés à se rompre lors du retrait du béton ;
  • les orifices (6.5) grisés sur la figure seront obturés par du ruban adhésif de façon à éviter la pénétration du béton dans la réservation située entre les parois latérales de la platine (6.3) et celles du fourreau (6.1) ;
  • la partie de la platine (6.3) située dans la zone B du dallage sera solidaire de la portion de dallage B ;
  • la partie de la platine (6.3) située dans la zone A du dallage sera libre (après rupture de boulons (6.4) dans un plan horizontal (x et y) à l'intérieur du fourreau (601) (jeu latéral), mais clavetée dans un plan vertical 'z) (pas de jeu au-dessus et au-dessous de la platine (6.3).
The provisional connection between the flat bars (5.3) and (5.4) is provided with nylon bolts (5.6) intended to break during the removal of the concrete.
  • 3 ° the transfer of the vertical loads (anti-strumming) is ensured by keying plates (5.7) whose operation is as follows ( Fig. 6 ):
  • a metal sleeve (6.1) of rectangular section is welded to the shuttering sheet (6.2), perpendicular to this sheet, in the casting zone A;
  • a locking plate (6.3), of rectangular section steel is slid into the sleeve (6.1), this plate is extended in the casting zone B;
  • the dimension h of this plate (6.3) allows a slip without play with respect to the inner dimension H of the sleeve (6.1);
  • the dimension 1 of this plate 6.3 is much lower (15 to 20 mm) to the inner dimension L of the sleeve (6.1).
  • the plate (6.3) is held in position in the sheath (6.1) by means of two bolts (6.4) in "nylon" of small section intended to break during removal of the concrete;
  • the orifices (6.5) greyed in the figure will be closed by tape so as to prevent the penetration of concrete in the reservation located between the side walls of the plate (6.3) and those of the sleeve (6.1);
  • the part of the plate (6.3) located in the zone B of the pavement will be integral with the paving portion B;
  • the part of the plate (6.3) situated in zone A of the pavement will be free (after breaking bolts (6.4) in a horizontal plane (x and y) inside the sheath (601) (side play), but keyed in a vertical plane 'z) (no play above and below the stage (6.3).

Cette disposition permet le transfert des charges selon l'axe z, mais le libre retrait du béton selon les axes x et y.This arrangement allows the transfer of loads along the z axis, but the free withdrawal of the concrete along the x and y axes.

Les figures 7a à 7c représentent d'autres exemples de poutres de type treillis bidirectionnels.The Figures 7a to 7c represent other examples of bidirectional lattice type beams.

Les figures 5 à 7 représentent ainsi un système permettant le transfert des charges entre des dalles (A, B) en béton coulé en place, comprenant :

  • deux profilés plats en acier (5.3, 5.4), destinés à renforcer les angles situés entre la surface horizontale de dallage selon des axes x et y et le plan vertical du joint selon un axe z;
  • deux poutres de type treillis bidirectionnel (5.8) pour rigidifier les profilés (5.3, 5.4) afin d'éviter que lesdits profilés ne serpentent, chaque poutre assurant par la même occasion une liaison entre un profilé respectif et une dalle respective;
  • des platines de clavetage (5.7) permettant le transfert des charges verticales selon l'axe z tout en autorisant le libre mouvement selon les axes x et y des dalles; et
  • une tôle (5.1) assurant le coffrage des rives du dallage;
  • avantageusement des platines de clavetage (6.3) associées à des fourreaux (6.1), ce qui permet le verrouillage des deux portions de dallage A et B selon un axe z mais autorise le libre mouvement relatif des portions de dalles selon les axes x et y ; et
  • avantageusement un vérin de réglage (5.2) permettant le réglage en altitude du joint.
The Figures 5 to 7 thus represent a system for transferring charges between slabs (A, B) of cast-in-place concrete, comprising:
  • two flat steel sections (5.3, 5.4) for reinforcing the angles between the horizontal paving surface along x and y axes and the vertical plane of the joint along an axis z;
  • two bidirectional trellis-type beams (5.8) for stiffening the sections (5.3, 5.4) so as to prevent said sections from snaking, each beam ensuring at the same time a connection between a respective section and a respective slab;
  • keying plates (5.7) allowing the transfer of the vertical loads along the z axis while allowing the free movement along the x and y axes of the slabs; and
  • a sheet (5.1) providing the formwork of the banks of the pavement;
  • advantageously keying plates (6.3) associated with sleeves (6.1), which allows the locking of the two paving portions A and B along an axis z but allows the relative free movement of the slab portions along the x and y axes; and
  • advantageously an adjusting cylinder (5.2) for adjusting the gasket altitude.

Claims (10)

  1. System allowing loads to be transferred between two adjacent cast-in-place concrete slabs (A, B), said system comprising:
    - two flat steel profiles (5.3, 5.4), intended to reinforce the angles situated between the horizontal paving surface along the x- and y-axes and the vertical plane of the joint along a z-axis;
    - locking plates (5.7, 6.3) intended to allow vertical loads to be transferred along the z-axis while allowing free movement along the x- and y-axes of the slabs; and
    - a sheet (5.1, 6.2) intended to provide the formwork for the edges of the paving, characterized in that the system comprises moreover two beams of the bidirectional lattice type (5.8) intended to stiffen the flat profiles (5.3, 5.4) in order to prevent said profiles twisting, each beam at the same time providing a bond between a respective profile and a respective slab.
  2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking plates (6.3) are associated with sheaths (6.1), so as to allow the two slabs (A, B) to be bolted together along the z-axis while allowing free relative movement between the slabs along the x- and y-axes.
  3. System according to claim 2, characterized in that each sheath is made of metal and has a rectangular cross section and is welded onto the formwork sheet (5.1, 6.2), perpendicularly to this sheet, while being situated in the casting area (A) of the slabs while each locking plate (5.7, 6.3) is made of steel having a rectangular cross section, is slip-fitted into a respective sheath and extends into the casting area of the other slab (B) and is integral therewith.
  4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the dimension (h) of each plate allows a slip-fit without play with respect to the inside dimension (H) of the associated sheath parallel to the z-axis, whereas the dimension (1) of the plate is substantially less than the inside dimension (L) of the sheath parallel to the x-axis.
  5. System according to claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that each plate (6.3) is held in position in the associated sheath (6.1) using nylon bolts (6.4) having a small cross section and intended to break when the concrete contracts.
  6. System according to any one of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that adhesive tape is provided to prevent the concrete entering the pocket situated between the lateral walls of each plate (6.3) and those of the associated sheath (6.1).
  7. System according to claim 5, characterized in that the part of each plate (6.3) situated in said other slab (B) is integral with this slab while the part of the plate situated in said one slab (A) is free, after the bolts (6.4) have broken, in a horizontal plane along the x- and y-axes and inside the corresponding sheath (6.1), but locked in a vertical plane along the z-axis.
  8. System according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the two profiles (5.3, 5.4) are connected together temporarily using bolts (5.6) made of a nylon type material that is intended to break when the concrete contracts.
  9. System according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises moreover supplementary hooks for intermediate fixing (5.5), each between the flat profile and the respective slab (A, B).
  10. System according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises moreover an adjustment screw jack (5.2) allowing the height adjustment of the joint.
EP03815398A 2002-12-17 2003-12-12 System for transferring loads between cast-in-place slabs Expired - Lifetime EP1579075B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0216060 2002-12-17
FR0216060A FR2848581A1 (en) 2002-12-17 2002-12-17 Concrete slabs load transfer permitting system, has assembly plates to permit transfer of vertical loads and to allow free movement along x-axis and y-axis of concrete slabs, and wire mesh with fold for framing slab sides
PCT/FR2003/003701 WO2004065694A1 (en) 2002-12-17 2003-12-12 System for transferring loads between cast-in-place slabs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1579075A1 EP1579075A1 (en) 2005-09-28
EP1579075B1 true EP1579075B1 (en) 2012-05-09

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EP (1) EP1579075B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE557132T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003300592A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2848581A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2004065694A1 (en)

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EP1801311A1 (en) * 2005-12-21 2007-06-27 MGSI- Acessorios Para Industrias, LDA Slab formwork system
US7736088B2 (en) 2006-07-13 2010-06-15 Russell Boxall Rectangular load plate
PT104132A (en) * 2008-07-16 2010-01-18 Mgsi Acessorios Para Ind Lda IMPROVEMENTS IN A FLOOR COVERING SYSTEM
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ATE557132T1 (en) 2012-05-15
WO2004065694A1 (en) 2004-08-05
FR2848581A1 (en) 2004-06-18
EP1579075A1 (en) 2005-09-28
AU2003300592A1 (en) 2004-08-13

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