Classifications

• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
  • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
  • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
  • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
  • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
  • G08B13/19602—Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
  • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
  • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
  • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
  • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
  • G08B13/19602—Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction
  • G08B13/19604—Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction involving reference image or background adaptation with time to compensate for changing conditions, e.g. reference image update on detection of light level change
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
  • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
  • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
  • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
  • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
  • G08B13/19617—Surveillance camera constructional details
  • G08B13/1963—Arrangements allowing camera rotation to change view, e.g. pivoting camera, pan-tilt and zoom [PTZ]
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
  • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
  • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
  • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
  • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
  • G08B13/19639—Details of the system layout
  • G08B13/19641—Multiple cameras having overlapping views on a single scene
  • G08B13/19643—Multiple cameras having overlapping views on a single scene wherein the cameras play different roles, e.g. different resolution, different camera type, master-slave camera
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
  • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
  • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
  • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
  • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
  • G08B13/19639—Details of the system layout
  • G08B13/19647—Systems specially adapted for intrusion detection in or around a vehicle
  • G08B13/1965—Systems specially adapted for intrusion detection in or around a vehicle the vehicle being an aircraft
• • G—PHYSICS
  • G08—SIGNALLING
  • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
  • G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
  • G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
  • G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
  • G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
  • G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
  • G08B13/19678—User interface
  • G08B13/19691—Signalling events for better perception by user, e.g. indicating alarms by making display brighter, adding text, creating a sound

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of target detection system. More
• the invention relates to a method and apparatus for detecting a
• a foreign object in the area of airport runways may interfere with
• a foreign object can be a person, wildlife, birds, inanimate
• FOD such as birds, wildlife or any other object on the runway
• the means used for " deterring birds include vehicle/human . presence,
• JP 2,001,148,011 discloses a small animal detecting method and a small animal
• detecting device which can judge an intruder, a small animal, an insect, etc., by
• an image recognizing means on the basis of image data picked up by a camera.
• US 3,811,010 discloses an intrusion detection apparatus employing two spaced-
• comparator-adder analyzing circuitry is provided between the cameras and
• a radar system is used in order to detect and locate the location of
• dangerous objects may also not be natural ones, such as birds, but
• the method of the invention comprises the steps of: a) procuring, adjourning and storing in a memory files representing the
• the controlled space wherein said controlled space is
• dangerous parameters are the object size
• Said space may be divided into
• zones of different priorities viz. zones in which the observation is
• the method further comprises
• the method comprises documenting the data obtained from the observation of objects, for uture prevention acts.
• the future prevention acts are ehminating.
• the method of the present invention further comprises: a) generating
• said location being represented by the altitude, range and azimuth parameters of
• the imagers are cameras selected from the group consisting of: CCD
• CMOS based cameras or Forward Looking Infra Red (FLIR) cameras.
• FLIR Forward Looking Infra Red
• the apparatus according to the invention comprises:
• said devices can be one or more CCD
• CMOS camera and/or one or more Infra Red (IR) cameras;
• IR Infra Red
• the memory means may comprise a single or various electronic data storage
• the photographic devices are at least a pair of distinct and identical
• the apparatus According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus
• the elaborator means are one or more dedicated algorithms installed
• the apparatus is configured to control the computerized system. According to a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the apparatus
• a laser range finder which is electrically connected to the
• FIG. 1 schematically illustrates a monitoring system, according to a
• FIG. 2 schematically illustrates in a graph form a method of photographing
• Fig. 3 is a flow chart that shows the algorithm of a system for monitoring
• FIG. 4 schematically illustrates the data processing of the algorithm of Fig.
• FIG. 5 A schematically illustrates the detection of moving objects in the
• Fig. 5B schematically illustrates the detection of static objects in the data
• FIG. 6 schematically illustrates in a graph form the threshold level used for
• Fig. 7 schematically illustrates the solving of the general three
• Fig. 8 schematically illustrates a combined panoramic view and map
• FIG. 9 schematically illustrates a scanning of a sector around a vertical
• FIG. 10 schematically illustrates a scanning of a sector around a horizontal
• FIG. 11 schematically illustrates the monitoring system of Fig. 1 provided
• All the processing of this invention is digital processing. Taking a photograph by
• a camera or a digital camera such as those of the apparatus of this invention
• each pixel is associated a value that represents the radiation intensity value of
• the two- dimensional array of pixels therefore, is represented by a matrix consisting of an
• each digital or sampled image is provided with a corresponding digital or sampled image.
• the controlled space must be firstly
• the photographs must be taken generally include, e.g.,
• parameters may be, e.g., the size of the body, its apparent density, the
• the evaluation programs should be periodically updated, taking
• plan and elevation or each patrol at any time after an initial time.
• each patrol at any time after an initial time.
• the body is a living creature
• the documentation analysis can help to eliminate or reduce the
• Actions for eliminating the danger of collision Such actions may be carried out on the dangerous objects, and in that case they
• Fig. 1 schematically illustrates a monitoring system 10, according to a preferred
• System 10 comprises at least one photographic image
• CCD Charged Coupled Device
• Each photographic device can provide either color image or uncolored image.
• At least one of the photographic devices is a digital camera.
• each photographic device may have different type of
• each camera may be provided with lenses having different
• the photo raphic devices are used to allow
• the computerized system 15 is responsible for performing the processing
• computerized system 15 receives, at its inputs, data from active cameras that are
• system 10 e.g., CCD camera 11, thermal camera 12, CMOS based
• the data from the cameras is captured and digitized at the
• computerized system 15 processes the received data from the cameras in order to
• controller 151 controlled by controller 151 according to a set of instructions and data regarding
• system 15 outputs data regarding the detection of suspected dangerous, objects to
• monitors such as monitor 18, via its video card 17
• One or more of the cameras attached to system 10 is rotated by motors 13
• the reset sensor provides, to the computerized system
• the encoder provides, to the computerized system 15, the current angle of
• Motion controller 14 controls motors 13
• Motion controller 14 can be located
• Motion controller 14 communicates with the attached cameras and the
• the scanning is divided into several and a constant number of tracks, upon which each camera is
• the preferred scanning area is preformed at the area ground up to a
• the cameras of system 10 are installed on a
• the cameras can be configured in a variety of ways and positions. According to
• a pair of identical cameras is located
• distance between a pair of cameras is between 0.5 to 50 meter, horizontally,
• the cameras or imagers may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un-identical and may be un
• Fig. 2 schematically illustrates in a graph form an example for the method of
• the angle of the camera is modified before each photo or sequence of
• the camera takes the sequence of photos (shown by item 22) at a time period
• the additional details can be the distance of the object
• depth parameters are obtained (i.e., three-dimension
• At least two cameras it enables to elongate the detection range, as well as to
• between a pair of cameras is between 0.5 to 50 meter, the distance . can be
• Fig. 3 is a flow chart that shows an example of the program algorithm of system
• the initial definitions are parameters that are required for the operation of
• the initial camera angle definition regarding the area (such as, loading the lens
• next step, block 32 the computerized system 15 orders the motion controllers 14 to change the angle of the one or more camera.
• block 34 the next step
• the computerized system 15 orders the cameras (via motor controller 14) to take
• the sequence of photos preferably about 25 to 30 photos a second.
• the photos are
• step 33 The data processing in step 33 is performed in two stages.
• computerized system 15 decides whether a
• detected object is a dangerous object. If a dangerous object is detected, then at
• a warning signal is activated, such as showing the location of
• system 15 makes a decision that no dangerous body exists, then in the next step
• the last process data is stored in a related database.
• the stored data is used
• the background space is
• the data processing (block 33 of Fig. 3) is done in two stages.
• each pixel in each photo from the
• sequence of photos is mathematically processed from each camera that
• threshold value e.g., threshold 61 as shown
• the threshold value dynamically corresponds to the danger degrees.
• the pixels processing detects either moving objects or static objects, as
• objects are detected (i.e., pixels that their location on the Gaussian
• the 3-D data is used for detecting pixels that may
• a bird in a flock of birds may appear as a single pixel in the photo, but
• system 10 defines them as birds, even if
• each of the birds appears as a single pixel.
• system 10 find their location by
• dangerous object i.e., the suspected objects
• the measured parameters are compared to a predetermined table
• predetermined table of values is stored in memory 151 or other related
• the measured parameters can be: • 1. The dimension of the suspected object, its length and its width (e.g.,
• An object can be an adjacent group of pixels ' .
• Movement parameters such as direction that was created from one
• system 10 in case system 10 detects
• archive contains data and/or photos regarding the dangerous objects that were
• Fig. 5A schematically illustrates the detection of a moving object at the pixel
• Photo 42 is an average photo that was generated
• a comparison sequence of photos 451 to 480 is generated from the
• 451 to 480 represents the error value between photos 401 to 430 and
• Each error value is compared to a threshold level 61 (Fig. 6) in the
• the threshold level 61 is dynamically
• the location of the exceeded pixel is set to a specific
• a logic matrix 49 that represent the suspected photo e.g., the
• pixel is set as value of 255, wherein the other pixels value is set to 0).
• Fig. 5B schematically illustrates the detection of a static object at the pixel
• An average photo 42 is created from the current sequence of photos 401
• a derivative matrix 43 is generated from the average photo 42.
• derivative matrix 43 is used to emphasize relatively small objects in the
• the generated derivative matrix 43 is stored in a photo database 44
• the threshold level 61 is dynamically
• predetermined threshold level 61 the location of the exceeded pixel is
• the pixel is set as
• the generated logic matrix 49 that contains the suspected pixels is transferred to the logic process stage, wherein the suspicious pixels are
• the authorized bodies can be, for example, a navy
• system 10 is used for detecting burning in coal stratum.
• an IR camera such as those used by the present
• system 10 (Fig. 1)
• generating radiation i.e., a passive electro-optical radar.
• the location i.e., a passive electro-optical radar.
• polar coordinates e.g., range and azimuth.
• system 10 (Fig. 1) is used to measure and provide the
• a detected object such as the range, azimuth and altitude of the object.
• the location is relative to a reference coordinates system on earth. The location of the
• the imagers are digital photographic devices such as CCD or CMOS based
• FLIR Forward Looking Infra Red
• At least a pair of identical CCD cameras such as camera 12 of Fig. 1
• Each projection represents an
• each coordinate system has the pixel coordinate system (xl, yl) for the first camera and the pixel coordinate system (x2, y2) for the second camera (e.g., each coordinate system
• system 10 (Fig. 1) essentially comprises at least
• two cameras preferably having parallel optical axes and having synchronous
• a rotational motion means such as motor 13 (Fig. 1) and image
• the image processing means is used
• two cameras e.g., two units of CCD camera 12 (Fig. 1).
• Fig. 7 schematically illustrates the
• each scan step has a certain azimuth angle a which is
• ⁇ X X[ * cosa - Z t * since
• This embodiment further provides a passive operation of system 10 (Fig. 1) by imaging optical radiation in
• system 10 (Fig. 1) generates,' by elaborator means, a
• detected targets i.e., dangerous objects
• the elaborator means consisting of the
• Fig. 1 scans the monitored area by a vertical and/or horizontal
• the vertical rotational scanning is
• the horizontal rotational scanning is achieved by placing
• i ager means e.g., such as three or four CCD
• Fig. 8 schematically illustrates a combined panoramic view and map
• the electro-optical radar i.e., system
• the radar display is arranged in a graphical map presentation, 40, and a
• panoramic image 50 In the map, the relative locations of the targets, 60 and 70,
• the heights of the targets can be seen, while in the panoramic image, 50, the heights of the targets can be
• Open Graphic Library (OpenGL), as known to a skilled person in the art.
• additional video cameras e.g., CCD cameras
• CCD cameras operating in the normal vision band
• electro -optical radar i.e., system 10
• electro -optical radar i.e., system 10
• targets is measured by using radiation emitted or reflected from the target.
• location of the target is determined by using triangulation with the two cameras.
• This arrangement does not use active radiation emission from the radar itself
• the cameras are two system design parameters. As the distance between the two
• Each camera provides an image of the same area but from a different view or
• pixel in one image receives a vicinity of pixels in the other image
• detected targets may include all the measured features, e.g., target size,
• the present invention uses a panoramic image of the scene together with its map of detected targets to present
• FIG. 11 schematically illustrates the monitoring system of Fig. 1 provided with a
• laser range finder according to a preferred embodiment of the present invention.
• Laser Range Finder 200 is electrically connected to computerized system 15,
• the laser range is either via the CPU 152 and/or via the communication unit 19.
• finder 200 is used for measuring the distance of a detected object from it
• Laser Range Finder 200 preferably while system 10 monitors a given area.
• range finder 200 can be any suitable laser range finder device that may be fitted
• system 10 such as LDM 800-RS 232-WP industrial distance meter of

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• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
• Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
• Aviation & Aerospace Engineering (AREA)
• Image Analysis (AREA)
• Image Processing (AREA)
• Testing Or Calibration Of Command Recording Devices (AREA)
• Testing And Monitoring For Control Systems (AREA)

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• 2003
  • 2003-07-15 WO PCT/IL2003/000585 patent/WO2004008403A2/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2003-07-15 US US10/521,207 patent/US8111289B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2003-07-15 EP EP03764108A patent/EP1537550A2/de not_active Ceased
  • 2003-07-15 AU AU2003242974A patent/AU2003242974A1/en not_active Abandoned

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