EP1529122B1 - Method and device for patenting steel wires - Google Patents

Method and device for patenting steel wires Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1529122B1
EP1529122B1 EP03756923A EP03756923A EP1529122B1 EP 1529122 B1 EP1529122 B1 EP 1529122B1 EP 03756923 A EP03756923 A EP 03756923A EP 03756923 A EP03756923 A EP 03756923A EP 1529122 B1 EP1529122 B1 EP 1529122B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
liquid
wire
cooling
curtains
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EP03756923A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1529122A2 (en
Inventor
Jacques Bauden
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FIB BELGIUM SA
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FIB BELGIUM SA
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/573—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/64—Patenting furnaces
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
    • C21D1/62—Quenching devices
    • C21D1/667—Quenching devices for spray quenching
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
    • C21D9/54—Furnaces for treating strips or wire
    • C21D9/56—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire
    • C21D9/573—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling
    • C21D9/5732—Continuous furnaces for strip or wire with cooling of wires; of rods

Definitions

  • aqueous baths Methods using aqueous baths are also known. During the immersion in such a water bath, laminar flow, non-turbulent, a vapor film is formed around the son to be cooled (see, for example, EP-A-0 216 434 ). This vapor film is thermally insulating, so it slows down the cooling
  • Current running drive means are shown schematically by references 23 and 24.
  • the water can be supplied by an inlet 5 and be evacuated from the top by an overflow 6. In the illustrated tank the height of water column is equal to about 750mm H 2 O (7350 Pa).
  • the overflow 6 may be in communication with a lower inlet 5 ', through a not shown heat exchanger, so as to put the cooling water in circulation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
  • Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)

Abstract

Disclosed is a method for patenting at least one steel wire, according to which the temperature is increased at least to a level at which the steel austenitizes, followed by quenching in a liquid medium by directing the wire through at least one curtain of cooling liquid so as to obtain a cooling temperature that lies below the austenitizing temperature, the liquid flowing in a turbulent manner substantially perpendicular to the wire, followed by an isothermal stage during which the wire is maintained at a constant temperature allowing pearlitic transformation. The inventive method is characterized by the fact that additionally, a number of successive curtains can be specifically adjusted so as to obtain the temperature which allows pearlitic transformation and is to be kept constant during the isothermal stage as the cooling temperature through the cooling process in a liquid medium, and the isothermal stage immediately follows the cooling process in a liquid medium.

Description

La présente invention est relative à un procédé et à un dispositif de patentage d'au moins un fil d'acier comprenant

  • une montée en température dudit au moins un fil d'acier jusqu'à une température d'austénitisation de l'acier,
  • un refroidissement brusque, en milieu liquide, dudit au moins un fil ayant atteint ladite température d'austénitisation, par défilement dudit au moins un fil au travers d'au moins un rideau de liquide de refroidissement dans lequel celui-ci présente un écoulement turbulent orienté sensiblement transversalement audit au moins un fil en défilement, avec obtention d'une température de refroidissement située en dessous de la température d'austénitisation et au-dessus d'une température de transformation martensitique, et
  • un maintien isotherme dudit au moins un fil d'acier à une température de transformation perlitique jusqu'à la fin de cette transformation.
The present invention relates to a method and a device for patenting at least one steel wire comprising
  • a rise in temperature of the at least one steel wire to a steel austenitization temperature,
  • an abrupt cooling, in a liquid medium, of the at least one wire having reached said austenitization temperature, by moving said at least one wire through at least one curtain of cooling liquid in which it has a turbulent flow oriented substantially transversely to said at least one running wire, obtaining a cooling temperature below the austenitization temperature and above a martensite transformation temperature, and
  • an isothermal holding of said at least one steel wire at a pearlitic transformation temperature until the end of this transformation.

On connaît depuis longtemps des bains de refroidissement de fils destinés à une trempe des fils en acier en vue d'obtenir une transformation de celui-ci.Wire cooling baths for quenching steel wires have long been known to obtain a transformation thereof.

On peut citer par exemple le patentage de fils d'acier comprenant une trempe isotherme, c'est-à-dire un refroidissement rapide de fils amenés à la température austénitique jusque dans une zone de formation perlitique où les fils sont maintenus de manière plus ou moins isotherme pour assurer la transformation sensiblement complète de l'austénite.There may be mentioned, for example, the patenting of steel wires comprising an isothermal quenching, that is to say a rapid cooling of wires brought to the austenitic temperature into a zone of pearlitic formation where the strands are maintained more or less isothermal to ensure substantially complete transformation of the austenite.

On connaît des procédés faisant usage de bains de plomb ou de sel fondu dans lesquels les fils à refroidir sont immergés. Ces procédés, très efficaces, sont à proscrire à l'heure actuelle pour des raisons de toxicité et de danger pour l'environnement.Processes using lead baths or molten salt in which the son to be cooled are immersed are known. These processes, very effective, are currently prohibited for reasons of toxicity and danger for the environment.

On connaît aussi des procédés faisant usage de bains aqueux. Au cours de l'immersion dans un tel bain d'eau, à écoulement laminaire, non turbulent, il se forme un film de vapeur tout autour des fils à refroidir (v. par exemple EP-A-0 216 434 ). Ce film de vapeur est thermiquement isolant, il ralentit donc le refroidissementMethods using aqueous baths are also known. During the immersion in such a water bath, laminar flow, non-turbulent, a vapor film is formed around the son to be cooled (see, for example, EP-A-0 216 434 ). This vapor film is thermally insulating, so it slows down the cooling

Pour contrôler de manière judicieuse l'intensité et la vitesse du refroidissement, ainsi qu'un maintien le plus isothermique possible des fils pendant leur transformation perlitique il a aussi été proposé de faire passer les fils au travers de plusieurs bains d'eau à écoulement laminaire, avec chaque fois formation d'un film de vapeur autour des fils à refroidir, et, entre différents bains aqueux, en alternance un refroidissement par de l'air, pendant lequel le film de vapeur disparaît (v. par exemple EP-B-0 524 689 ). Un tel procédé présente l'inconvénient d'être techniquement très difficile à appliquer et à calculer pour déterminer correctement quand les fils en acier ont atteint la température recherchée et comment les maintenir approximativement à une même température appropriée pendant la transformation perlitique.To judiciously control the intensity and rate of cooling, as well as the most isothermal maintenance possible son during their pearlitic transformation it has also been proposed to pass the son through several baths of water laminar flow each time forming a vapor film around the wires to be cooled, and, alternately between different aqueous baths, cooling by air, during which the vapor film disappears (e.g. EP-B-0 524 689 ). Such a process has the disadvantage of being technically very difficult to apply and calculate to correctly determine when the steel wires have reached the desired temperature and how to maintain them at approximately the same appropriate temperature during pearlitic processing.

On a aussi déjà prévu de refroidir les fils à patenter en les faisant passer dans un bain de liquide de refroidissement et ensuite, dès que les fils ont atteint la température recherchée, en les sortant du bain et en les amenant dans une chambre de maintien de température qui est mobile au-dessus du bain de refroidissement (v. BE-A-838796 ). C'est dans cette chambre que la transformation perlitique de l'acier a lieu. L'immersion se fait ici aussi dans un bain à écoulement laminaire, ce qui nécessite l'emploi de liquides coûteux ou toxiques, par exemple de sel fondu. L'eau comme liquide de refroidissement est inapplicable dans ce procédé car on ne peut éviter la formation de films de vapeur autour des fils à refroidir, pendant la traversée du bain.It has also already been planned to cool the son to be patented by passing them through a bath of coolant and then, as soon as the wires have reached the desired temperature, by taking them out of the bath and into a holding chamber. temperature that is moving above the cooling bath (v. BE-A-838 796 ). It is in this room that the pearlitic transformation of steel takes place. The immersion is also done here in a laminar flow bath, which requires the use of expensive or toxic liquids, for example molten salt. Water as coolant is inapplicable in this process because one can not avoid the formation of steam films around the son to cool, during the passage of the bath.

Il faut noter que tous ces bains de liquide suivant l'état antérieur de la technique nécessitent un système de pompage de liquide qui consomme beaucoup d'énergie.It should be noted that all these liquid baths according to the prior art require a liquid pumping system that consumes a lot of energy.

On connaît enfin un procédé de patentage de fils d'acier qui sont refroidis en 3 étapes successives. Dans la première étape, on procède à une projection de jets de liquide sous haute pression sur les fils, dans la deuxième étape, à un léger réchauffement en phase gazeuse avec apport d'énergie extérieure, et enfin, dans la troisième étape, à un maintien isotherme des fils à la température réglée par le réchauffement (v. BE-A-832391 ). Ce procédé particulièrement adapté pour des fils à sections très épaisses requiert donc un appareillage complexe et nécessite des dépenses d'énergie pour pouvoir ajuster la température à maintenir pour la transformation perlitique et pour mettre les jets d'eau sous haute pression.Finally, we know a method of patenting steel son which are cooled in 3 successive steps. In the first step, a jetting of liquid under high pressure on the wires is carried out, in the second stage a slight gas phase heating with external energy supply, and finally, in the third stage, a Isothermal hold of wires at the temperature set by warming (v. BE-A-832 391 ). This process, which is particularly suitable for wires with very thick sections, therefore requires complex equipment and requires energy expenditure in order to be able to adjust the temperature to be maintained for the pearlite transformation and to put the jets of water under high pressure.

Comme autres procédés mettant en oeuvre une projection de jets de liquide turbulents pulvérisés pour le refroidissement des fils, on peut citer les demandes EP - A - 0359 279 et EP- A -0178799 .Other methods using spraying turbulent liquid jets for cooling the wires include EP - A - 0359279 and EP-A-0178799 .

La présente invention a pour but de mettre au point un procédé et un dispositif simples et peu coûteux qui permettent de surmonter les inconvénients précités et d'obtenir un contrôle rigoureux du patentage des fils.The present invention aims to develop a method and a simple and inexpensive device that overcome the aforementioned drawbacks and to obtain a rigorous control of patenting son.

On résout ce problème suivant l'invention par un procédé de patentage d'au moins un fil d'acier, tel que décrit au début, ce procédé comprenant en outre

  • une injection de bulles de gaz sous pression dans une masse de liquide de refroidissement, d'une manière guidée vers le haut, et un entraînement dudit liquide par lesdites bulles sous la forme des rideaux projetés à partir du bas suivant un écoulement turbulent ascensionnel,
  • un ajustement d'un nombre de rideaux successifs susdits qui est déterminé pour obtenir, par ledit refroidissement en milieu liquide, ladite température de transformation perlitique à maintenir pendant l'étape de maintien isotherme, à titre de température de refroidissement susdite, et
  • le maintien isotherme susdit directement à la suite du refroidissement en milieu liquide.
This problem is solved according to the invention by a method of patenting at least one steel wire, as described at the beginning, this method further comprising
  • injecting pressurized gas bubbles into a coolant mass in an upwardly guided manner and driving said liquid through said bubbles in the form of curtains projected from the bottom in a turbulent upward flow,
  • an adjustment of a number of said successive curtains which is determined to obtain, by said cooling in a liquid medium, said pearlitic transformation temperature to be maintained during the isothermal holding step, as aforesaid cooling temperature, and
  • the aforementioned isothermal maintenance directly as a result of cooling in a liquid medium.

Ce procédé offre l'avantage que le contact entre le liquide de refroidissement et le fil est direct, sans possibilité de formation d'un film de vapeur autour du fil, film où l'échange thermique est nettement moins favorable. Etant donné la vitesse de défilement du fil combinée à la vitesse d'écoulement de chaque rideau transversalement à la direction de défilement du fil, le liquide de refroidissement n'a pas le temps de former autour du fil un film de vapeur et l'échange thermique liquide-fil d'acier reste excellent. Simultanément le procédé offre l'avantage de pouvoir arrêter le refroidissement à n'importe quelle température souhaitée par une simple détermination du nombre de rideaux nécessaire. Cela est particulièrement important dans le cas du patentage de fils d'acier, où il faut éviter une trempe trop rapide qui donne lieu à l'apparition de martensite dans l'acier, ce qui est à éviter dans la plupart des cas. A cet effet, un simple réglage du nombre de rideaux à traverser en fonction de la vitesse de défilement du fil et de l'écoulement du liquide de refroidissement, ainsi que du diamètre du fil à refroidir, suffit. Ce réglage est simple puisqu'il suffit d'arrêter les rideaux en excès ou de mettre en marche les rideaux nécessaires pour atteindre la température souhaitée. Enfin, étant donné cette possibilité de réglage de la température par le refroidissement en milieu liquide suivant l'invention, le procédé permet d'éviter tout refroidissement ou réchauffement en milieu gazeux avec les risques inhérents d'une perte de contrôle de la température des fils.This method offers the advantage that the contact between the coolant and the wire is direct, without the possibility of forming a film of vapor around the wire, film where the heat exchange is significantly less favorable. Given the speed of travel of the yarn combined with the flow rate of each curtain transverse to the direction of travel of the yarn, the coolant does not have time to form a film of vapor around the yarn and the exchange Thermal liquid-steel wire remains excellent. Simultaneously, the method offers the advantage of being able to stop the cooling at any desired temperature by a simple determination of the number of curtains required. This is particularly important in the case of steel wire patenting, where it is necessary to avoid too fast quenching which gives rise to the appearance of martensite in the steel, which is to be avoided in most cases. For this purpose, a simple adjustment of the number of curtains to cross depending on the speed of travel of the wire and the flow of the coolant, as well as the diameter of the wire to be cooled, is sufficient. This setting is simple since it is enough to stop the curtains in excess or to start the curtains necessary to reach the desired temperature. Finally, given this possibility of adjusting the temperature by the cooling in a liquid medium according to the invention, the method makes it possible to prevent any cooling or heating in a gaseous medium with the inherent risks of a loss of control of the temperature of the wires. .

Suivant l'invention, le procédé comprend une projection à partir du bas de rideaux susdits suivant un écoulement turbulent ascensionnel. Le liquide de refroidissement est projeté sous pression à la manière d'un geyser continu et donc très turbulent. Avantageusement, les rideaux à écoulement turbulent ascensionnel présentent un sommet et le procédé comprend en outre, à partir dudit sommet et au moins d'un côté de chaque rideau à écoulement turbulent ascensionnel, une chute de liquide à écoulement turbulent à travers laquelle défile en outre ledit au moins un fil d'acier. Lors de la réalisation d'un geyser de ce type, le fil peut donc traverser trois courants successifs de liquide à écoulement turbulent l'un ascensionnel et les deux autres descendant, ce qui rend très efficace le refroidissement qui s'ensuit.According to the invention, the method comprises a projection from the bottom of said curtains according to a turbulent upward flow. The coolant is sprayed under pressure in the manner of a continuous geyser and therefore very turbulent. Advantageously, the upwardly turbulent flow curtains have a peak, and the method further comprises, from said vertex and at least one side of each upwardly turbulent flow curtain, a turbulent flow liquid drop through which flows further. said at least one steel wire. When making a geyser of this type, the wire can thus pass through three successive streams of turbulent flow liquid one ascending and the other two descending, which makes the cooling that follows very effective.

Suivant l'invention, le procédé comprend une injection de bulles de gaz sous pression dans une masse de liquide de refroidissement, d'une manière guidée vers le haut, et un entraînement dudit liquide par lesdites bulles sous la forme desdits rideaux projetés suivant ledit écoulement turbulent ascensionnel. On utilisera de préférence un gaz inerte vis-à-vis de l'acier, et en particulier de l'air. Les bulles d'air sous pression entraînent le liquide de refroidissement et rendent simultanément son écoulement turbulent, ce qui favorise l'échange thermique direct recherché. En outre, la projection vers le haut par bulles d'air ne nécessite pas une dépense d'énergie coûteuse et elle permet d'éviter tout système de pompage du liquide de refroidissement.According to the invention, the method comprises injecting pressurized gas bubbles into a coolant mass in an upwardly guided manner and driving said liquid through said bubbles in the form of said curtains projected along said flow. turbulent ascension. An inert gas will preferably be used with respect to the steel, and in particular air. The pressurized air bubbles entrain the cooling liquid and at the same time make the flow turbulent, which favors the desired direct heat exchange. In addition, the upward projection by air bubbles does not require an expensive energy expenditure and it avoids any pumping system coolant.

Le liquide de refroidissement peut être n'importe quel liquide approprié, de l'eau, du sel liquide, un polymère, de l'huile, et en particulier de l'eau, car tous les inconvénients rencontrés par l'usage de l'eau dans la technique antérieure peuvent être surmontés par le procédé suivant l'invention.The coolant can be any suitable liquid, water, liquid salt, polymer, oil, and especially water, because all the disadvantages encountered by the use of the Water in the prior art can be overcome by the process according to the invention.

Le procédé se présente donc sous la forme d'un procédé simple et facile à contrôler et à ajuster et il permet de consommer uniquement des matières non polluantes et peu coûteuses, c'est-à-dire de l'air comprimé et de l'eau de refroidissement.The process is therefore in the form of a simple process that is easy to control and adjust and it allows to consume only non-polluting and inexpensive materials, that is to say, compressed air and air. cooling water.

D'autres particularités relatives au procédé suivant l'invention sont indiquées dans les revendications données ci-après.Other features relating to the process according to the invention are indicated in the claims given below.

La présente invention concerne également un dispositif pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé suivant l'invention. Un tel dispositif comprend

  • un four d'austénitisation dudit au moins un fil d'acier,
  • des moyens d'entraînement en défilement dudit au moins un fil d'acier,
  • des moyens de projection d'au moins un rideau de liquide de refroidissement dans lequel celui-ci présente un écoulement turbulent orienté sensiblement transversalement audit au moins un fil en défilement, pour refroidir celui-ci en milieu liquide à ladite température de refroidissement située en dessous de la température d'austénitisation et au-dessus de la température de transformation martensitique, et
  • une chambre de maintien en température pour les fils ayant atteint ladite température de transformation perlitique,
The present invention also relates to a device for implementing the method according to the invention. Such a device comprises
  • a furnace for austenitizing said at least one steel wire,
  • drive means for moving said at least one steel wire,
  • means for projecting at least one coolant curtain in which the latter has a turbulent flow oriented substantially transversely to said at least one running wire, for cooling it in a liquid medium at said cooling temperature below. the austenitization temperature and above the martensitic transformation temperature, and
  • a temperature holding chamber for the yarns having reached said pearlitic transformation temperature,

Suivant l'invention, ce dispositif comprend en outre

  • une cuve contenant le liquide de refroidissement qui est agencée en dessous dudit au moins un fil en défilement,
  • des moyens de projection des rideaux de liquide susdits qui projettent ceux-ci à partir de la cuve suivant un écoulement turbulent ascensionnel, par injection de bulles de gaz sous pression dans le liquide de refroidissement, d'une manière guidée vers le haut,
  • des moyens d'ajustement du nombre de rideaux successifs de liquide
    de refroidissement à traverser par ledit au moins un fil en défilement pour atteindre ladite température de transformation perlitique, à titre
    de température de refroidissement, et
  • un agencement de la chambre de maintien en température directement à la sortie du rideau situé le plus aval par rapport au défilement dudit au moins un fil.
According to the invention, this device also comprises
  • a tank containing the coolant which is arranged below said at least one running wire,
  • means for projecting the aforesaid liquid curtains which project them from the tank according to an upward turbulent flow, by injection of pressurized gas bubbles into the cooling liquid, in an upwardly guided manner,
  • means for adjusting the number of successive curtains of liquid
    for cooling through said at least one running wire to reach said pearlitic transformation temperature,
    cooling temperature, and
  • an arrangement of the temperature holding chamber directly at the exit of the curtain located the furthest downstream from the scrolling of said at least one wire.

Suivant une forme perfectionnée de réalisation de l'invention, la chambre de maintien en température est montée de manière à pouvoir se déplacer horizontalement par-dessus la cuve en fonction du nombre de rideaux de liquide en service.According to an improved embodiment of the invention, the temperature holding chamber is mounted so as to be able to move horizontally over the tank according to the number of curtains of liquid in use.

D'autres particularités relatives au dispositif suivant l'invention sont indiquées dans les revendications données ci-après.Other features relating to the device according to the invention are indicated in the claims given below.

D'autres détails de l'invention ressortiront de la description donnée dans la suite, à titre non limitatif et avec référence aux dessins annexés.

  • La figure 1 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale d'un dispositif de refroidissement de fils d'acier à mettre en oeuvre dans un procédé de patentage suivant l'invention.
  • La figure 2 représente une vue en plan du dessus de la figure 1.
  • La figure 3 représente une vue schématique d'une installation de patentage de fils d'acier mettant en oeuvre le procédé suivant l'invention.
Other details of the invention will emerge from the description given below, without limitation and with reference to the accompanying drawings.
  • The figure 1 is a longitudinal sectional view of a steel wire cooling device to be implemented in a patenting process according to the invention.
  • The figure 2 represents a plan view from above of the figure 1 .
  • The figure 3 represents a schematic view of a patenting installation of steel son implementing the method according to the invention.

Sur les différents dessins, les éléments identiques ou analogues portent les mêmes références.In the various drawings, identical or similar elements bear the same references.

Pour la description des différentes figures on fait référence à un dispositif de refroidissement par eau. Cette description reste applicable au refroidissement par tout autre liquide de refroidissement.For the description of the various figures reference is made to a water cooling device. This description remains applicable to cooling by any other coolant.

Sur les figures 1 et 2, on a représenté une cuve 1 contenant de l'eau de refroidissement 2. Au-dessus de cette cuve défile un ou plusieurs fils d'acier 3 suivant un sens de défilement indiqué par la flèche 4, ces fils présentant de préférence une section d'un diamètre inférieur à 15 mm. Des moyens d'entraînement en défilement courants sont représentés de manière schématique par les références 23 et 24. L'eau peut être alimentée par une entrée 5 et être évacuée par le haut par un trop-plein 6. Dans la cuve illustrée la hauteur de colonne d'eau est égale à environ 750mm de H2O (7350 Pa). Le trop-plein 6 peut être en communication avec une entrée inférieure 5', par l'intermédiaire d'un échangeur de chaleur non représenté, de manière à mettre l'eau de refroidissement en circulation.On the figures 1 and 2 , there is shown a tank 1 containing cooling water 2. Above this tank scrolls one or more steel son 3 in a direction of travel indicated by the arrow 4, these son preferably having a section d diameter less than 15 mm. Current running drive means are shown schematically by references 23 and 24. The water can be supplied by an inlet 5 and be evacuated from the top by an overflow 6. In the illustrated tank the height of water column is equal to about 750mm H 2 O (7350 Pa). The overflow 6 may be in communication with a lower inlet 5 ', through a not shown heat exchanger, so as to put the cooling water in circulation.

La cuve comprend aussi des moyens de projection de rideaux d'eau ascensionnels. Ces moyens de projection comprennent des conduits d'alimentation à air 7 à 9 disposés au fond de la cuve parallèlement l'un à l'autre et transversalement au sens de défilement des fils. Chacun de ces conduits est relié, au travers d'ouvertures correspondantes dans la cuve et par l'intermédiaire de raccords 10 à 12, à un conduit distributeur 13 alimenté en air sous pression par un ventilateur 14. Sur chaque raccord 10 à 12 est prévue une vanne d'obturation 22 qui permet d'ajuster l'alimentation en air sous pression des conduits 7 à 9 et de les mettre en ou hors service en fonction des besoins.The tank also comprises means for projecting rising water curtains. These projection means comprise air supply ducts 7 to 9 arranged at the bottom of the tank parallel to each other and transversely to the direction of travel of the son. Each of these ducts is connected, through corresponding openings in the tank and through connectors 10 to 12, to a distributor duct 13 supplied with pressurized air by a fan 14. On each connection 10 to 12 is provided a shut-off valve 22 which makes it possible to adjust the pressurized air supply of the ducts 7 to 9 and to put them in or out of service as needed.

Dans l'exemple illustré, les conduits d'alimentation à air 7 à 9 sont perforés et alimentent donc, dans l'eau de la cuve, des bulles d'air sous pression. Par-dessus chaque conduit 7 à 9, deux plaques de guidage 15 et 16 sont supportées par les parois longitudinales 38 et 39 de la cuve de manière à traverser celle-ci de part en part. A leur extrémité haute, située au-dessus du niveau d'eau, les plaques de guidage sont peu écartées et forment ainsi une mince fente de sortie. A leur extrémité basse, située un peu plus bas que leur conduit d'alimentation à air, les plaques de guidage 15 et 16 présentent un écartement nettement supérieur à celui présenté à leur sommet. Les plaques de guidage forment ainsi une espèce de toiture entre les deux pans de laquelle les bulles sont guidées de manière forcée vers le haut. Avec une pression d'air uniquement légèrement supérieure à la colonne d'eau, dans le cas illustré une pression de l'ordre de 1000 mm de H2O (9806 Pa) par exemple, les bulles d'air entraînent l'eau de la cuve pendant leur ascension et expulsent un rideau d'eau turbulent 17 vers le haut. Au sommet du rideau d'eau, il peut se partager en deux et former deux chutes d'eau turbulentes 18 et 19 que le fil à refroidir doit aussi traverser.In the example shown, the air supply ducts 7 to 9 are perforated and thus feed into the water of the tank, air bubbles under pressure. Over each duct 7 to 9, two guide plates 15 and 16 are supported by the longitudinal walls 38 and 39 of the tank so as to pass therethrough from one side to the other. At their upper end, located above the water level, the guide plates are spaced apart and thus form a thin exit slot. At their lower end, located a little lower than their air supply duct, the guide plates 15 and 16 have a spacing substantially greater than that presented at their top. The guide plates thus form a kind of roof between the two sides of which the bubbles are forced upwardly. With an air pressure only slightly greater than the water column, in the case illustrated a pressure of the order of 1000 mm H 2 O (9806 Pa) for example, the air bubbles entrain the water of the tank during their ascent and expel a curtain of turbulent water 17 upwards. At the top of the water curtain, it can split in two and form two turbulent waterfalls 18 and 19 that the wire to be cooled must also cross.

Les paires de plaques de guidage 15, 16 peuvent être agencées de manière suffisamment serrée dans leur succession pour que les chutes d'eau de deux rideaux voisins puissent se croiser. De cette manière, le fil défile en continu dans de l'eau, et pourtant il n'y a jamais possibilité de formation d'un film de vapeur d'eau autour du fil.The pairs of guide plates 15, 16 can be arranged sufficiently tightly in their succession so that the waterfalls of two adjacent curtains can cross. Of in this way, the thread runs continuously in water, and yet there is never any possibility of forming a film of water vapor around the wire.

On peut envisager dans certains cas un couvercle 20 qui ferme la cuve vers le haut et qui présente des déflecteurs 21 pour orienter la direction des chutes d'eau 18 et 19.In some cases, it is possible to envisage a lid 20 which closes the tank upwards and which has deflectors 21 to orient the direction of the waterfalls 18 and 19.

Sur la figure 3, on a représenté de manière schématique une installation de patentage de fils d'acier. Cette installation comprend, avant le refroidissement des fils, une unité de chauffe des fils, par exemple comme décrit dans la demande de brevet WO01/73141 . Ici, l'unité de chauffe est constituée d'un four à lit fluidisé 25 dans lequel défile en continu une nappe de fils 26 dans le sens de défilement 27. Les fils sortent de ce four à une température d'austénitisation, par exemple d'environ 950°C, et ils passent alors dans un dispositif d'égalisation de température 28 où la température de fil acquise est maintenue, dans le cas illustré par un recyclage des gaz brûlés du four 25 par le conduit 29. La dissolution des carbures (cémentite) s'accomplit dans ce dispositif 28 et les fils sont alors passés dans le dispositif de refroidissement suivant l'invention 30.On the figure 3 schematically, a patented installation of steel wires. This installation comprises, before the cooling of the wires, a wire heating unit, for example as described in the patent application. WO01 / 73141 . Here, the heating unit consists of a fluidized bed furnace 25 in which a web of filaments 26 runs continuously in the direction of travel 27. The wires exit from this oven at a temperature of austenitization, for example approximately 950 ° C, and they then pass into a temperature equalization device 28 where the acquired wire temperature is maintained, in the case illustrated by a recycling of the oven burnt gases 25 through the conduit 29. The dissolution of the carbides (cementite) is accomplished in this device 28 and the son are then passed through the cooling device according to the invention 30.

Il est compréhensible que l'unité de chauffe et le dispositif de maintien à température ne sont pas critiques suivant l'invention et qu'ils peuvent être agencés de n'importe quelle manière appropriée pour obtenir un fil à la température d'austénitisation.It is understandable that the heating unit and the temperature holding device are not critical according to the invention and that they can be arranged in any suitable manner to obtain a wire at the austenitization temperature.

Le dispositif de refroidissement 30, agencé par exemple comme prévu sur les figures 1 et 2, permet la formation de plusieurs rideaux d'eau ascensionnels, turbulents, au travers desquels passe la nappe de fils 26, sans nécessiter de déviation des fils. Dans l'exemple illustré, seuls 10 rideaux ont été mis en service alors que la cuve en permet la formation de 20.The cooling device 30, arranged for example as provided on the figures 1 and 2 , allows the formation of several ascending, turbulent water curtains, through which passes the sheet of son 26, without the need for deflection son. In the example shown, only 10 curtains were put into service while the tank allows the formation of 20.

Lors du refroidissement de l'acier, il est très important que la température du produit correspondant à la qualité souhaitée soit rapidement atteinte et cela, si possible, avant de pénétrer dans les courbes de transformation en S de l'acier, bien connues, appelées courbes TTT (transformation, température, temps), afin que celles-ci puissent être traversées selon une isotherme. Lors du patentage des fils illustrés, ceux-ci sont rapidement refroidis par les dix premiers rideaux jusqu'à une température inférieure à la température austénitique et supérieure à la température martensitique, en particulier entre 500 et 680°C, par exemple de l'ordre de 580°C.When cooling the steel, it is very important that the temperature of the product corresponding to the desired quality is reached quickly and this, if possible, before entering the well-known steel transformation curves in S, called TTT curves (transformation, temperature, time), so that these can be traversed according to an isotherm. During the patenting of the son illustrated, they are rapidly cooled by the first ten curtains to a temperature below the austenitic temperature and above the martensitic temperature, in particular between 500 and 680 ° C, for example of the order 580 ° C.

A cette température, les fils se trouvent en face du nez des courbes en S, c'est-à-dire à une température correspondant au temps d'incubation minimum, pour passer à travers ces courbes, ce qui permet d'éviter des perturbations qui pourraient influencer la structure de l'acier.At this temperature, the wires are in front of the nose of the S-shaped curves, that is to say at a temperature corresponding to the minimum incubation time, to pass through these curves, which makes it possible to avoid disturbances that could influence the structure of the steel.

Dans l'exemple de réalisation suivant la figure 3, on a prévu alors une chambre 31 de maintien à température pour les fils qui est capable de se déplacer horizontalement, par exemple comme décrit dans le brevet belge BE-A-838796 . Ici la chambre 31 est supportée sur une table 32 par des galets 33. Son entrée 34 est amenée par-dessus la cuve 30 et la nappe de fils, jusque juste derrière le dernier rideau d'eau mis en service, vu dans le sens de défilement des fils. Là, par des rouleaux de renvoi 35 et 36, la nappe de fils est déviée au travers de la chambre 31 qui, par des résistances électriques 37 par exemple, est maintenue à la température atteinte par les fils après passage à travers le dernier rideau d'eau, par exemple 580°C. A ce moment, étant donné la vitesse de défilement des fils et le refroidissement rapide obtenu par l'échange thermique avec les rideaux d'eau, l'acier n'a de préférence pas encore atteint les courbes de transformation perlitique dites en S. Il peut alors traverser celles-ci de manière isotherme, éventuellement avec une légère élévation spontanée de température en début de transformation par exemple jusqu'à 600°C, et cela hors de contact avec tout liquide de refroidissement et sans étape intermédiaire de refroidissement ou de réchauffage dans un milieu gazeux.In the embodiment according to the figure 3 , there is then provided a temperature holding chamber 31 for the son which is able to move horizontally, for example as described in the Belgian patent BE-A-838 796 . Here the chamber 31 is supported on a table 32 by rollers 33. Its inlet 34 is brought over the tank 30 and the sheet of threads, just behind the last curtain of water put into service, seen in the direction of scrolling son. Here, by return rollers 35 and 36, the sheet of son is deflected through the chamber 31 which, by electrical resistors 37 for example, is maintained at the temperature reached by the son after passing through the last curtain of water, for example 580 ° C. At this time, given the speed of travel of the yarns and the rapid cooling obtained by the heat exchange with the water curtains, the steel preferably has not yet reached the S-shaped pearlitic transformation curves. can then pass therethrough isothermally, possibly with a slight spontaneous rise in temperature at the beginning of processing for example up to 600 ° C, and that out of contact with any coolant and without intermediate step of cooling or reheating in a gaseous medium.

De cette manière le refroidissement rapide obtenu par les rideaux d'eau a été arrêté à la température voulue, qui est atteinte en fonction du nombre de rideaux mis en service.In this way the rapid cooling obtained by the water curtains has been stopped at the desired temperature, which is reached according to the number of curtains put into service.

Il suffit de diminuer ou d'augmenter le nombre de rideaux à mettre en service par exemple si les fils à traiter ont un diamètre plus petit ou plus grand ou si leur défilement est plus lent ou plus rapide, pour une raison quelconque.It suffices to reduce or increase the number of curtains to put into use, for example if the son to be treated have a smaller diameter or greater or if their scrolling is slower or faster, for some reason.

Il doit être entendu que la présente invention n'est en aucune façon limitée aux formes de réalisation décrites ci-dessus et que bien des modifications peuvent y être apportées sans sortir du cadre des revendications données ci-après.It should be understood that the present invention is in no way limited to the embodiments described above and that many modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the claims given hereinafter.

Claims (9)

  1. A method of patenting at least one steel wire, comprising
    - raising the temperature of said at least one steel wire up to an austenitization temperature of the steel,
    - suddenly cooling in a liquid medium, said at least one wire having reached said austenitization temperature, by having said at least one wire run through at least one curtain of liquid coolant, in which the latter has turbulent flow substantially oriented transversely to said at least one running wire, with a cooling temperature being obtained, located below the austenitization temperature and above a martensitic transformation temperature, and
    - isothermally maintaining said at least one steel wire at a perlitic transformation temperature until the end of this transformation, characterized in that it further comprises
    - injecting pressurized gas bubbles into a mass of liquid coolant, in a guided way upwards, and carrying off said liquid by said bubbles in the form of curtains projected from the bottom according to upward turbulent flow,
    - adjusting a number of aforesaid successive curtains, which is determined in order to obtain by said cooling in a liquid medium, said perlitic transformation temperature to be maintained during the isothermal maintenance step, as aforesaid cooling temperature, and
    - aforesaid isothermal maintenance directly following the cooling in a liquid medium.
  2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the curtains with upward turbulent flow have a top and in that the method further comprises from said top and at least on one side of each curtain with upward turbulent flow, a fall of liquid with turbulent flow through which said at least one steel wire further runs.
  3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that aforesaid falls of turbulent flow liquid from the top of both aforesaid successive curtains at least partly cross each other there where said at least one steel wire is running.
  4. The method according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the liquid coolant is water.
  5. The method according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the wires to be patented have a section with a diameter of less than 15 mm.
  6. The method according to any of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the pressure of the gas bubbles is greater than that of the column formed by the liquid coolant mass.
  7. A device for applying the method according to any of claims 1 to 6 comprising:
    - an oven (25) for austenitization of said at least one steel wire,
    - driving means (23, 24) for the running of said at least one steel wire (3; 26),
    - means (7-9, 14, 15, 16) for projecting at least one curtain of liquid coolant in which the latter has turbulent flow substantially oriented transversely to said at least one running wire, in order to cool the latter in a liquid medium at said cooling temperature located below the austenitization temperature and above the martensitic transformation temperature, and
    - a chamber (31) for maintaining the temperature of the wires having reached said perlitic transformation temperature,
    characterized in that it further comprises
    - a tank (1) containing the liquid coolant, which is laid out below said at least one running wire (3; 26),
    - means (7-9, 14, 15, 16) for projecting the aforesaid liquid curtains, which project the latter from the tank according to an upward turbulent flow, by injecting pressurized gas bubbles into the liquid coolant, in a guided way upwards,
    - means (22) for adjusting the number of successive liquid coolant curtains to be crossed by said at least one running wire in order to reach said perlitic transformation temperature, as a cooling temperature, and
    - an arrangement of the temperature-maintaining chamber directly at the exit of the curtain located the most downstream relatively to the running of said at least one wire.
  8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that it further comprises, above said at least one running wire, deflecting means (20, 21) which deviate the upward turbulent flow of the aforesaid liquid curtains towards at least one side of each curtain so as to form therefrom at least one fall of liquid with turbulent flow, through which runs said at least one steel wire.
  9. The device according to one of claims 7 and 8, characterized in that the temperature-maintaining chamber (31) is mounted so as to be able to be moved horizontally above the tank (1) depending on the number of operating liquid curtains.
EP03756923A 2002-06-06 2003-06-05 Method and device for patenting steel wires Expired - Lifetime EP1529122B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
BE200200372 2002-06-06
BE2002/0372A BE1014868A3 (en) 2002-06-06 2002-06-06 METHOD AND DEVICE patenting STEEL SON
PCT/BE2003/000102 WO2003104501A2 (en) 2002-06-06 2003-06-05 Method and device for patenting steel wires

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EP1529122B1 true EP1529122B1 (en) 2012-04-18

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JP (1) JP4851712B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100941675B1 (en)
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AU (1) AU2003232530A1 (en)
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EP1529122A2 (en) 2005-05-11
JP4851712B2 (en) 2012-01-11
US7354493B2 (en) 2008-04-08
CN1659292A (en) 2005-08-24
CN100370038C (en) 2008-02-20
AU2003232530A8 (en) 2003-12-22
ATE554191T1 (en) 2012-05-15
JP2005529235A (en) 2005-09-29
CA2488156C (en) 2011-03-22
BE1014868A3 (en) 2004-05-04
US20070107815A1 (en) 2007-05-17
CA2488156A1 (en) 2003-12-18
AU2003232530A1 (en) 2003-12-22
KR20050005529A (en) 2005-01-13
WO2003104501A3 (en) 2004-01-29
KR100941675B1 (en) 2010-02-12

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